Smart Products - Computer Chips In Your Future
COMPUTE!
The Leading Magazine Of Home, Educational, And Recreational Computing
$2.50
September 1983 Issue 40 Vol, 5, No. 9
£185 UK 53 25 Canada
6337Q
ISSN 01<?d-347X
CAVES OF ICE An Excellent 3-D Graphics Game For VIC, 64, PET, Atari And Apple
ULTRASORT Our Best And Fastest Sorting Program For PET, VIC And 64
FONTBYTER
A Graphics Lang
Program ForAta
GRADEBOOK An Atari Data B Program For Te
P/t/sVICPilot,A Sprite Editor For The Tl 99/4A, Making Change An Educational Program For The Timex/Sinclair, And Mores
f:
ll7447D"63379'
0 9
Educational Theme Issue
Games And Education, The New Classroom
x>>»/
BUY A BANANA. SAVE A BUNCH.
Meet the liananai" the ver>' tough, versatile, portable, and reliable dot-matrix printer from (jorillar'
At $249.95 retail it's an ideal and inexpensive companion for personal C(jnipulers like Apple® (or Apple"look. alikes"such as Franklin"or Albert"), TI," Commodore,"'rRS-8()rKayprof Timexf Osborne,' etc.
After that, it's merely com- parable to other printers that can cost up to three times as much: 10" carriages (to handle standard 9'/j" paper), 80 columns, graphics capability, 10 characters per inch (expandable to 5 cpi) draft-quality print (for perfectly acceptable foim letters, data processing.
business repoi'ts, etc.) tractor feed (foi' precise alignment and quick loading), parallel or serial interface (take your pick), self- inking ribbon cassette (for long life and easy installation), 10 portable pounds in weight, and compatibility with so many of the most popular personal computers on the market.
Plus its printhead features a unique single-hammer design that eliminates a lot of moving parts, to eliminate a lot of annoying repairs.
That's the Banana: silly name, serious service. It's everything the expensive dot-matrix printers are . . .
Except expensive.
m^'
Leading Edge Products, Inc., 225 Turnpike Street, Canton, .Massachusetts 02021 Toll-free: 1-800-343-6833; In Massachusetts (617) 828-8150. Telex 951-624.
FOR YOUR COMMODORE WORDPROCESSING NEEDS
INVEST IN THE BEST
Tfofes^n^l
AJlOtA^^
rfe&sional .
if&ssdimsd
?,^^QriM.
.^^Sfe. !^^»v3jre
WORDPRO PLUS. IN A CLASS BY ITSELF.
When choosing a Word Processorforyour Commodore™ computer, there's no reason to settle for anything but the best — in a word. ,, WordPro™.
With over30,000 happy clients churning out letters and documents all over the world, the WordPro Plus'" Series is unctuestionably the #1 selling soft- ware package on Commodore computers! So when you choose WordPro, you know you're investing in a trial-tested program Ihat'sa real winner. And WordPro is NOW available for your Commodore 64™ computer— at prices starting as low as $89.95.
Designed for the user who has no computer or word processing experience whatsoever, WordPro Plus brings a new dimension to the term "user- friendly." More than just easy to use, WordPro will turn your Commodore connpuler into a sophisticated time saving word processing tool — loaded with the same inventory of features found in systems costing much, much more.
Our nationwide team of over 600 Professional Software/Commodore com- puter dealers will help you choose the WordPro Plus system that is best for your needs. Our full-service dealers have been set up to provide strong customer support. In addition to helping you choose the right system, many Professional Software dealers also offer WordPro Plus training and system installation.
Professional Software offers a complete spectrum of WordPro word process- ing software for Commodore computers ranging from the Commodore 64 to the more business oriented 8000/9000 series computers. And WordPro 4 Plus and 5 Plus also interact with our database management systems includ- ing InloPro and The Administrator. So whatever your Word Processing needs, there's a WordPro system that's right for you.
WordPro™ and WordPro Plus" are Irademarks of Professional Software Inc. The WordPro Pius Series was designed and written by Steve Punter of Pro Micro Software Ltd. Commodore™ and the Commodore 64" are trademarks of Commodore Electronics, Inc. Dealer inquiries invited.
Invest in the best. . .
WordPro Plus. In a class by itself.
Call us today for the name of the WordPro Plus dealer nearest you.
Professional Software Inc.
{617)444-5224
51 Fremont Street Needham, MA 02194
Telex: 951579
SPMNAKEm UNE OF EARLY LEARNING GAMES
KGROWMG
AS EAST AS YOUR
CHILD'S MIND.
Watching your kids grow up is a lot of fun. But making sure their minds grow as fast as their bodies is even more rewarding. That's where we can help. With a growing line of Early Learning Programs that are not only lots of fun to play, but also educational.
Some of the games you see on these two pages help exercise your child's creativity. Others help improve vocabulary and spelling skills. While others
improve your child's writing and reading abilities, And all of them help your child understand how to use the computer.
So if you're looking for computer programs that do more than just "babysit" for your kids, read on. You'll find that our Early Learning Programs are not only compatible with Apple® Atari® IBM® and Comnnodore 64™ computers, but also with kids who like to have fun.
HEY DIDDLE DIDDLE™ Poetry In motion. Ages 3 to 10.
Kids love rhymes. And since HEY DIDDLE DIDDLE features 30 classic rhymes with full color graphics and the neatest computer music you've ever heard, it makes rhyme games more fun than ever before. Plus, it makes it fun for kids to read, helps them understand how words and rhymes create poetry and lets them take fragmented thoughts and rearrange them to form coherent verse.
Appl«. IBM ana Atari are registered trademarts of Apple Computer. Inc. International Business Madiines Corp. and Atari. Inc. resfeOivEl]^ Comnwxfofe &t Is a traifcma ri( of Conuiwdore Electronics Umltfid.
The story of STORY MACHINE!" Ages S to 9.
■-=•■'"
STORY MACHINE is like a storybook come to life. Using the key- board, your children write their own fun little stories. The computer then takes what they've written and animates their story on the screen, com-
plete with full color graphics and sound. STORY MACHINE helps your children learn to write correctly, become familiar with the keyboard, and lets them have fun exercising
their creativity at the same time.
KINDERCOMP."^" Numbers, shapes, letters, words and drawings make fun. Ages 3 to 8.
KINDERCOMPis a game that allows very young children to start learning on the computer It's a collection of learning exercises that ask your children to match shapes and letters, write their names, draw pictures, or fill in missing numbers. And KINDER- CO MP will delight kids with color-
ful rewards, as the screen comes to life when correct answers are given.
As a parent, you can enjoy the fact that
your children are having
fUn while improving their
reading readiness and
counting skills.
PACEMAKER^*' makes faces fun. Ages 4 to 12.
l#S*
PACEMAKER lets chil- dren create their own funny faces on the screen. Once a face is completed, your children will giggle with delight as they make it do all kinds of neat things: wink, smile, wiggle its ears, or whatever their imagination desires.
Plus, PACEMAKER helps children become com- fortable with computer fundamentals such as: menus, cursors, the return key, the space bar, simple programs, and graphics. PACEMAKER won't make parents frown because their children will have fun making friends with the computer.
We make learning fun.
) 19B3.5pinnal(er Software Corp.AII rights reserved.
'*.>-4.;.i\- 3*
k^n\os
flIIC" ^
EXPANDING YOUR EXPERIENCE
The Rammaster"'32 introduces you fo the world of more powerful computing. Now VIC 20 " owners have one of the most advanced memory devices available. This Is a full service memory device. Not only will the Rammaster'''give you 7 times the computing RAM power (as much usable memory as the Commodore 64 '} but also many advanced features.
The expansion port allows you to use your cartridges without unplugging the memory board, saving wear
EXPANSION PORT
and tear on your computer It's much more effective. With the flexibility the Master Control switches give you, you'll hove no need for a mother board. The Write Protect switch protects your programs' subroutines and data from accidental interference from basic language and the automatic erase built into some cartridges. There's a pause switch built in to stop in the middle of o program, plus an external port is built in for a convenient optional cable pause /reset switch. You ^ even have a switch to overlay a 3K block of RAM for expansion to 40K The Master
^ IVIASTER CONTROL SWITCHES
Control gives you complete control over the configuration of your VIC 20 ' /Memory Map so it will never become obsolete.
The Rammaster'"32 is completely compatible with all the VIC 20 ' products and programs, and wilt be the most useful periperal you'll buy for your VIC 20 ' computer So expand your experience into the world of more powerful computing with the Rammaster"'32 by Mosaic.
Sugg. Retail: $129.95
-32KRAM Built-in expansion part Pause switch
■ Write protect
■ Master control for super flexible memory
Cartridge dissabler Low cost
Gold edge connectors Picture guided instructions
. Compatible with VIC 20 ' sofh/vare
and cartridges :^
And more features
: Call your nearest Mosaic dealer,
; i-800-547-2807 (In Oregon. 655-9574).
,i>\-fc'uA*V>t-*^?i
NOW AVAILABLE: COMING SOON:
The Standard 16K RAM board for the VIC 20 '. This is a no
frills RAM board designed as a low cost way to expand.
It has no expansion port or master control but offers
exceptional reliability and performance at a very low cost.
Rammaster'^ld. This is a lower cost version of the Rammaster'"32. It's a full service memory device just like the Rammaster'"32 with 16K less RAM. Owners already with a 16K RAM board can use the Rammaster'" 16 to expand to 37K.
ELECTRONICS. INC. P.O. Box 708 • Oregon City. Oregon 97045
MOSAIC IS NOrAFFIUATlO \M7H COMMODORC COMMOOOIil M» AND VIC 20* AIH /?£ Gtsrf WO TRAOCMARKS Of COMMODODE BUSINcSS MACHIN£S INC
September 1983 Vol. 5, No. 9
18 Smart Products '■ KathyYakal
28 Games That Teach John Blackford
42 Computers In School: New Approaches John Blackford
EDUCATION AND RECREATION
50
68
76
112
128
142
Caves Of Ice Marvin Bunker and Robert Tsuk
Gradebook For Atari'!,! Stephen Levy
Diamond Drop IMottGiwer
Mystery Spell DougHopeman
Dots Eric K, Evans
Tl Towers !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.!! Raymond J, Herold
REVIEWS
176 Telengard • TonyRoberls
ISO Getaway! For The Atari Stephen Levy
181 Three Game Modules For The Tl - Steve Davis
183 The VicTree Programming Module For VIC And 64 -. Eric Brandon
184 Crisis Mountain For Apple And Atari Patrick Parrish
186 Magic Storybook: Three Little Pigs For Atari Orson Scott Card
189 Type Attack J. David Keller
190 Mutant Herd For The VIC Tony Roberts
COLUMNS AND DEPARTMENTS
6 The Editor's Notes Robert Lock
10 Readers' Feedback The Editors and Readers of COMPLITE!
38 Guest Commentary: Computers In Education Robert Nielsen
94 The Beginner's Page: Machine Minds Richard Mansfield
100 Computers And Society: Computers Go To School David D. Thornburg
104 Questions Beginners Ask Tom R. Halfhill
106 On The Rood With Fred D'ignazio Fred D'Ignazio
146 Friends Of The Turtle: The Logo Kaleidoscope David D. Thornburg
150 The World Inside The Computer: Beyond Computer Literacy Fred D'Ignazio
162 Learning With Computers: Playful Exercises For The Mind Glenn M. Kleiman
204 INSIGHT: Atari Bill Wilkinson
221 Programming The Tl: Subscripted Variables C. Regeno
224 Machine Language: Bagel Break, Part II Jim Butterfield
THE JOURNAL
166 194 209 210 216 230 236 239 252 255 258 261 263 268 275
285 300 284 282 283 284 308
VIC Pilot MarkHaugon
Ultrasort For Commodore John W. Ross
Easy Atari Page Flipping Chris Allen
How To Create A Data Filing System, Part 111: Planning The Input Jim Fowler
Mixing Graphics Modes On The 64, Part II Sheldon Leemon
ISAM: Building Your Own Random File Manager Michael D. Lipay
Tl Cadette: Computer Aided Design Bradley Rogers
Atari Fontbyter Orson Scott Cord
Tlmex/Sincloir Making Change Michael B.Williams
Relative Files ForVlC-20 And Commodore 64, Part I Jim Butterfield
Sprite Editor For Tl Larry Long
Atari Menu Buttons Joseph D. Korman
All About The Hardworp Interrupt Peter Marcotty
Cracking The Kernai Peter Marcotty
Mastermoze Update For The Atari , David Butler
"7'v- "■ 'Products
Calendar
CAPUTE! Modifications Or Corrections To Previous Articles
A Beginner's Guide To Typing In Programs
How To Type COMPUTEI's Progroms
Product Mart
Advertisers Index
KOIi: See page 283 before typing in programs.
GUIDE TO ARTICLES AND PROGRAMS
V/64/AT/P/AP
AT
AT/TIM64
T1A//64
V/64/C/AP
Tl
AT/AP/P/64
AT
Tl
V/64
AP/AT
AT
AP/ATA//64
V
AT Tl
V
6AMP
AT
64
Tt
AT
TS
V/64
Tl AT
64 AT
AP Apple AT Atari. P PET/ CBM,VVIC-20,C Radio Shack Coior Computer, 64 Commodore 64, TS Timex/ Sinclair, Tl Texas Instru- ments, "All or several of the ■above.
COMPUTE!' Publications Jnc.®
TOLL FREE Subscription Order Line 800-334-0868 (In NC 919-275-9809]
COMPUTEI The Journal for Progressive Computing (USPS; 537250) is published 12 limes each year by COMPUTE! Publications, Inc, P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403 USA. Phone: (919)275-9809. Editorial Offices are located at 505 Edwardia Drive, Greensboro, NC 27409. Domestic Subscriptions: 12 issues, S20.00. Send subscription orders or change of address (P.O. form 3579) to Circulation Depl., COMPUTt! Magazine, P.O. BoJt 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403. Second class postage paid at Greensboro, NC 274Q3 and additional mailing offices. Entire contents copvrighl © 1983 by COMPUTE! Publications, Inc. All righ ts resen,'ed . ISSN QI94-357X.
EDITORS NOTES
Our theme this issue centers on computers in education. We define education in its broadest sense - education as it permeates the home and the classroom. Several of our featured articles this month directly address this link and raise some critical ques- tions at the same fime. We look forward to your comments.
As prices continue to de- cline, and manufacturers begin looking forward to the Christmas season, expect some substantial purchasing opportunities. We expect to see more bundling of peripherals, software packages, and computers as vendors grow more aggressive. This lateral move will occur, in part, because basic computer prices have declined to near bottom, and future moves will have to be made through bundling and accessories.
With this issue COMPUTEI's circulation approaches 400,000, and we expect to break the half million mark by December. Those of you who've been readers for a year or more will remember that just last October, we broke 100,000. We are proud of our leadership role in consumer com- puter publishing, and wish to thank you all, readers and con- tributors, for your support in the growth of COMPUTEl.
Gary R. Ingersoll has re- cently joined our staff and will be assisting in directing our fu- ture growth. Formerly president of the Chilton Company, the largest operating unit of ABC Publishing, Gary brings needed skills to our rapidly expanding division. He comes to COMPUTEl as president and publisher; I become chief executive officer and remain editor in chief.
Atari and Texas Instruments have both recently announced major revampings of the man- agement teams responsible for their personal computer opera- tions. Atari appears to be backing away from the $100-$200 price area and concentrafing on build- ing a family of systems which begins in the middle range. TI, on the other hand, appears com- mitted to continuing to take on Commodore at the low end. A recent Time article indicates that IBM has now developed a 21 percent market share around the PC system. We still speculate that an IBM home PC (frequently referred to as the "Peanut") will debut soon. IBM does such a superior job of keeping the "lid" on leaks that our speculation is idle at best, but we think the middle-range market is so po- tentially lucrative for them that they won't stay away for long.
In a recent editorial we men- tioned Adventure International in a context that was apparently misinterpreted by some readers. We want to make it clear that we respect Adventure International and their business practices, and that they have not been in- volved in any effort to "recruit" COMPUTE! staffers.
As our magazine and book publishing operations continue to grow, we are sHIl looking for additional editorial support. If you're an experienced writer or journalist who has a personal computer background as well, drop us a resume. Our growth has been consistently strong, with our staff tripling in the last year. We're located in the central Piedmont region of North Caro- lina in a metropolitan area selected recently as one of the three best living/ working loca- tions in the nation.
6 COMPUIE! September 1983
For VIC'Zp and Commodore 64
Now you have the power of a professional quality Check Register System. Maintain multiple checking accounts, complete with full checkbook reconciliation and 16 budget categories. Change or delete any check, check or deposit amount, or deduction and CheckEase! will automatically update all balance figures. Review checks forward, backward or by check number. Configure for RS232 or compatable Commodore printer. Post checks as they clear the bank. Upgrade data from cassette to disk. Print by check number, category or if item is tax deductable. Commodore 64 and VIC-20 users can even save months worth of check data in a format compatable with Commodore's Personal Finance package for later analyzation.
cassette (VlC-20 min. 8K),
cassette: Commodore 64, "Atari 400®/800®/I200 XL®
disk: Commodore 64, *^ Atari 400®/800®/1200 XL®, *IBM PC, - APPLE Il/'IIplus/Ile®
VlotdSrcirh <Z... lYipTTij..,!
SportSeorch S~
A :i.l*iH:OTElA.M j.
' ■ !■ K!K'MTrj[[u;v;'D|
nttadeSearch K-
Ic H \ )i A k r !, i: s
For VIC'2a and Commodore 64
There are 374 letters on the screen. Concealed within are 20 words: 10 across and 10 down. You have 10 minutes. When you've found a hidden word, it changes color. Every game features a new screen. Over 300 different words and thousands of new games possible. $19.95 on cassette.
3 categories: Capitals, Jumbled and Animals.
3 categories: Pro Teams, College Teams and Sport Games.
3 categories: Home Video Games, Arcade Video Games and Famous Video Game Characters.
For Commodore 64 !
Planet Earth is under attack by ruthless aliens who hurl heat missies at our polar ice caps. Will the Earth flood? As the orbiting Space Sentinel, the Earth's fate is up to you. If you can hold out against the merciless attackers, Earth's population will have time to escape and colonize a new home planet. Complete sprite & character graphics with 3-voice sound. "?29.9.5 on disk. Joystick, Diskdrive & Commodore 64® required.
'AUAfMBLE 'tTH QUARTER W
Or Call (213) 501-5845 for the name of \;our local dealer or distributor.
T&F Software Company 10902 Riverside Drive / North Hollywood, California 91602. (213) 501-5845
■ "" SPACE SENTINEL IS A TRADEMARK OF MEGAGEM. CHECKEASE IS A TRADEMARK OF GMS SYSTEMS.
SEARCH SERIFS ARCADESEARCH WORDSEARCH, SPORTSEARCH ARE TRADEMARKS Of GEORGE DENNIS. VIC-20. COMMODORE 6-1 AND PERSONAL FINANCE ARe'REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF COMMODORE COMPUTERS. INC. AND CREATIVE SOFTWARE. ATARI 400 800 1200XL AND IBM P.C. ARE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF THEIR RESPECTIVE COMPANIES.
Publisher Editor-ln-ChieJ Publisher's Assisfanl
GoryR.lngersol! Rt>bert Clock AitceSWotfe
Senior Editor Managing Ecfrtof Assistant Monoging Edilor Production Editor Features Editor Technlcol Edilor Program Editor As&istant Editors
Assistant Features Editor Assistant Copv Editor EdilorialAsasfant Editorial Programmers^
Tochnfcol Assistont AdminlstroHve Assistants
Copy Assistants
Associate Ecffiors
Contributing Edilor
Ricnard Monsfiekj Kathleen £ Mortinelc Tony Roberts Garl Walker Tom R.HaJf hill OttsRCowper Charles Brannon Dan Carmichael Lance Elko Jofin Bfackford JuanJta Lewis KattiyVakol PotrldtPajftsh GieggPeele JoTKrition Byrd DaleMcBar>e VicW Jennings Laura MacFoddon Juiia Fleming Becky Natl SarahJohnston LtnOcShcw Jim Butterfiekl Toronto. Car>odo HorveyHernnari, Gf een^Mfo, NO F/ed Ertgnazio. ?117CorlorRd.SW, Roanoke. VA 24013 David Ihornburg >. Box 1317. Los AJIos. CA 94022 eifl Wilkinson
COMPUlEI's Book DJvjson
Editor
Assistant Editors
Administrative Assistant Artist
Ofson Scott Card
Steptien Levy Gregg Keizer
Carol Eddv
Janice fary
AjtDireclor/ProduclionMcwrager GeorgioPopodopoulos
Assistant
Mectianical Art Supervisor
Artists
Tvpesetfir>g
Illustrator
P(o motion Assistant
Irmo Swain IDe Potter Leslie Jessup Cindy l^itchell Terry Cash ttarry Blair ToddHeimarck
Assoc sole Publisher/National Advertising Sales h^nagei Advertising Coordinator Advertising Accounts SolesAssistonl
AndyMeehan Patti Williams &onnie Volenti no Rosemarie Dowis
Operalions^Customer Service Manager Assistants
Dea le r C oo rdi notor Assistants
Shipping & Peceivrng
Carol Lock Patty Jones Shornon Meyer Fron Lyorks Gail Jones Sharon Mi no* ChristirveGofdon CossorxJra Rotiinson MarvSprogue Dof othy Bogon Chris Potty Rhonda Savage Lisa Flaharty Carol DIckerson Sharon Sebastian Anita Roop Jim Cowofd Lany O'Connor DaiRees Chris Cain John B. McConr>eli
Ooto Processjrig Morrager AssistonI
Leon Stokes Joart Complon
Accounllr^g Monager Comptroller Accounting Assistants
Asistants
W, Jerry [Xiy
Jomes M. Hurst
Linda Miller Doris Hon
Ruth Granger Aftrx3 Harris Emilie Covil Anne Ferguson
Robert C. LocK Chief Executive Officer
Gary R. IngersolL President
W. Jerry Day, Vice President of Rrxjnce
James W. Hursi, Comptroller
Sonjo Whiteseil. Executive Assistant
Debbie Nosh. Assistant
Coming In October
Special Games Issue
Telegaming
First-Rate Games For Several Computers - Dragons, Moving Maze, AArS/, And More
EXEC: A New Command For Commodore Computers
A Tutorial On Tl Sprites
Atari Master Directory
COMPUIE! PublicaMona Inc publishes.
COtVIVrt!
COMPUTE! Books
Telephone: 919-275-98<»
Corporate office:
5Q5 Cdwardia Drwe, Greensboro, MC 274D9 USA
MolDng address: COMPUH!
Post OfticeBm 5406 Groensboro. NC 27^03 USA
Subscription Information
COMPUTE! circulation Dept. P.O. Box 5406 Greensboro, NC 27403
TOLL FREE Subscription Order Line
800-334-0868
In NC 919-275-9809
COIVIPUTE! Subscription Rotes (12 Issue Year}:
us
(oneyr.)S20 Air
{two yrs.] S36 (three yrs.] %bA Canada and Foreign Surface Mail S25
Europe, AustralJo S38 Middle East, Central America and North Africa SJS
South America. South Africa, For East S68
Advertising Sales
The Gittelmon Company'
/Al Doltor, J *-l?u1h Williams
/ The GittelmaiV^ ••r'^Company,^
\ Sharon B@ " "' Joe Porter. Miki .•■■"■■ 215-646-
hJY Metro 217
)
COMPUTE! Home Office
•■ Harry Blair Southeostein Sales
'Representative i919-275-9809-
In British Colurnbio, Canada, Alaska or Hawaii coll 408-354-5553, Elsewhere in Canada or outside North America coll 919-275-9809
COMPUTE! Home Office
Andy Meehon
National Advertising Soles Manager 919-275-9809
Phoebe TliomiKon and Associates
101 Ctiurch Street Suite 13
Los Gotos. CA 95030 PHOEBE THOMPSON
Phoebe Thompson and Associates
2556 VioTejon Palos VerdGS Estates, CA 90274 JOANN SULLIVAN
GB & Associates
P.O, Box 335 Libertyviile. IL 60048 GORDON BENSON
The Gittelmon Company
Statier Office Building
Suite 518
20 Providence Street
Boston, MA 02116
AL DALTON
RUTH WILLIAMS
The Gittelmon Company
Summit Office Center 7266 Summit Avenue Fort Washiington, PA 19034 SHARON BRODIE JOE PORTER MIKE STANLEY
COMPUTE! Home Office
505 Edwardia Drive Greensboro, NC 27409 HARRY BLAIR Soulhecjstern Sales ttepresentative
Address all advertising materials to:
Potti Williams
Advertising Production Coordinator
COMPUTE! Magazine
505 Edwardia Drive
Greensboro, NC 27409
Authors of manuscripts worront thot oii materials submitted to COMPUTE! ore original moferials with full ownership rights resident in said authors. By submitting articles to COMPUTE!, authors acknowledge that such materials, upon acceptance for publication, become the exclusive property of COMPUTE' Publica- tions, Inc. No portion of this magazine may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher. Entire contents copyright . 1983, COMPUTEi Publications, Inc, Rights to programs developed and submitted by authors ore explained in our author controcf. Unsolicited materials not accepted lor publica- tion in COMPUTtI will be returned if auttior provides a self oddressed, stamped envelope Programs [on tape or disk) must occompony each submission. Printed listings are optional, but helpful Articles should be furnished as typed copy (upper- and lowercose, please) with double spacing. Each page of your article should beor the title of the article, dole and name of the outhor. COMPUTE! assumes no liabiliti. for errors in articles or advertisements. Opinions expressed by authors are not necessarily those of COMPUTE'
PET, CBM, VlC-20 Qi^d Comrpodofe 64 oro tlQfJemaiks of
GommodCMo SuslrKss Wochines, Inc. ond/oi Comrno3o*e Eleclronlcs Umitei^
A^le li o traOemar1( ol Apple Computer Companv
ATAra 15 n nodemork ol Alan, Iric
riW/dA j£ a trodemtxt of Te*Ds instruments, ^c
Rodo Shock Color Computei is a rrodemor* of randy. Inc.
8 COMPUTE! September 1983
WordPro 3 Plus/64
The Best Word Processor for your Commodore 64'
When choosing a Word Processor for your Commodore 64 com- puter, there's no reason to settle for anything but the best— in a word WordPro™.
With over 30,000 happy WordPro clients churning out letters and documents all over the world, the WordPro Plus™ Series is un- questionably the #1 selling software package on Commodore computers! So when you choose WordPro, you know you're in- vesting in a trial-tested program that's a real winner. And Word- Pro 3 Plus/64 is NOW available for your Commodore 64 com- puter at prices as low as $89.95.
Designed for the novice user with no computer or word process- ing experience whatsoever, WordPro 3 Plus/64 brings a whole new dimension to the term "user-friendly." More than just easy to use, WordPro 3 Plus/64 is a commercial level word processor loaded with powerful features including: Auto Page Numbering,
Headers and Footers, Math Functions, Global Search and Replace, the Ability to Create fwlultiple Personalized Letters and Documents, Underlining, Boldface, Super and Subscripts and much, much, more.
Best of all, WordPro 3 Plus/64's powerful arsenal of features can be put to use almost immediately— by even the novice user, So whether you're a writer, in business, education, or just a hob- byist, you'll quickly become a WordPro Pro!
Invest in the best. . .WordPro Plus. In a class by itself.
Call us today for the name of the WordPro 3 Plus/64 dealer nearest you.
Professional Software Inc.
51 Fremont Street Needham, MA 02194
(617) 444-5224 Telex: 951579
WordPro 3 Plus/64™ is a trademark of Professional Software Inc.
The WordPro Plus Series was designed and written by Steve Punter of Pro-Micro Software Ltd.
Some printers may not support certain WordPro 3 Plus/64 functions and/or require an interface. Please check witli your dealer.
Commodore 64™ is a trademark oi Commodore Electronics Ltd.
Dealer and Distributor inquiries are invited.
READERS' FEEDBACK
The Editors and Readers of COMPUTEI
COMPUTEI's Programs
I have learned more from your magn/.ine than from textbooks on computing, but one thing puz- zles me. What's your policy toward the programs you publish in the magazine? They often take a long time to type in and I usually go on to add embellishments here and there, or change them to run on other computers. Are these programs in the public domain? Could they be traded with my friends?
One note: I often type in programs and then later forget the instructions or which issue I'd gotten them from. So, I now always put REM statements into the first few lines of the program which have the date and page number where the program documentation can be found. I can't count the number of times I've been glad I do it.
Mary Howe
Programs published in COMPUTE', are in the same legal category as materia! published in any other magazine. They are all copyrighted; they're not in the public domain. When you buy an issue, you then have the right to make a copy of the prograrns therein. We realize, however, that some of the programs are long and take some time to enter into the computer. For this reason, it's permissible for you to give a copy of a COM- PUTE! program to a friend or members of your user group who subscribe to the magazine.
No program in the magazine, however, may be sold, traded, or othertvise distributed for profit. Nor may any program be givoi to someone wlio does not own the issue in which the program was printed.
TI-99/4 And 4A Differences
What are the programming differences between the TI-99/4 and TI-99/4A?
The Tl-99/4 has 256 more bytes of available RAM than the TI-99/4A, so a very long program may run on the Tl-9914 and not the Ti-99/4A.
The TT99I4A has lowercase capalnlity, so some technicjues arc possible on the TI-99/4A that are iwt possible on the Tl-99/4. For example, for graphics you can redefine characters using lowercase letter codes, then PRINT the letters rather than using the CALL HCHAR or CALL VCHAR statements. Ifyoii redefine the letters a and b (characters 97 and 98) to draw a car,
10 COMPUTE! September 1983
for example, you can then PRINT ab to get a car. To convert for the TI-99/4, remember that the lowercase letters start with ASCII Code 97. The equivalent state- ment would be PRINT CHR$(97)&CHR$(98). A pro- gram using redefined lowercase letters that is typed on )he TI-99/4 A can be SAVEd then loaded onto a Tl-99/4 andwill work fine.
The keyboards on the tzuo computers are different too, and several of the symbols are in different places. This chan<ie affects the CALL KEY statements. CALL KEY(0,KEY,STATUS) on the Tl-99/4 is used to scan the whole keyboard, and devices 3, 4, and 5 for the first parameter are for "possible future devices." On the Tl- 99/4A keyboard, device 3 scans the whole keyboard in BASIC, device 4 is for Pascal, and device 5 is for BASIC using both capital and lowercase letters. Device 0 is used to indicate the same device as previously scanned. Many programs now use CALL KEY(3,KEY, STATUS) for the TI-99/4A. To write your programs compatible for both computers, use CALL KEY(0,KEY, STATUS).
The split keyboard also presents some variations. The statements are CALL KEYCl ,KEY1,STATUS1) and CALL KEY(2,KEY2,STATllS2). Some of the KEY values returned are different: G, B. ShtlFT, SPACE, comma, period, /, =, semicolon, and ENTER. If you use the standard arrow keys (E, S, D, X and 1, J, K, M) you'll have no problem. The diagonal arrows are also the same for both keyboards. In general, avoid the middle area keys and the keys al the extreme right of the keyboard. For games written for the TI-99/4 in which you press ENTER to fire, you may need to press the period to fire on the Tl-99'/4A.
There may be a problem in testing for zero on the TT99/4A when using the split keyboard scan. After the CALL KEY statement, use logic such as IF K+1<>1 rather than IF K<>0.
VIC Word Processing, Disks, And Machine Language
I am presently trying to learn machine language (ML); to this end', I bought the HES MON ML monitor. The problem is that 1 have been unable to use labels with it, and was wondering if it is possible to do so. (I have been unable to find a VICMON anywhere, so I have no means of com- paring the two - does the latter allow the use of labels?) I would also really appreciate an expla-
A.
The Commodore 64™ is one of the most exciting home com- puters in memory.
But memory isn't the only thing that's exciting about the 64.
Because Tronix is here.
Class act.
The people who have been bringing out the best in the VIC 20™ (and Atarif too) have graduated to the Commodore 64.
Which means that nov\/ you can enjoy fast action, complex strategies, interesting characters, superior sound effects and chal- lenging, play patterns.
Just like VIC 20 and Atari owners. Only faster, more com- plex, and more challenging, too.
More memorable, in other words, In a class by ourselves. Of course, if you'd rather not take our word for it, you don't have to. The experts at Electronic Games have called Kid Grid for Atari "one of the most compul- sive, utterly addictive contests in the world of computer gaming."
They haven't seen any- thing yet.
By Arti Haroutunian.
Edison, the kinetic android, leads a frustrating life.
All he wants to do is build his circuit boards and go with the flow. But things keep getting in the way.
Nohms — a negative influence — bug him constantly. Flash, the lightning dolt, disconnects every- thing in his path.
And the cunning Killerwatt is out to fry poor Edison's brains.
You'll get a charge out of this one. And a few jolts, too!
(Suggested retail $34.95)
Connecting the h dots on our colorful
grid shiould be easy, right?
Wrong. Because the bullies are in hot pursuit!
Squashface, Thuggy, Muggy and Moose are their names. And you are their game. And what's more, they're faster than you are.
But you're smarter. And you control the stun button.
So keep your eyes peeled for the mysterious question mark and don't slow down at corners!
(Suggested retail: $34.95)
By Graham McKay.
Your agents
risked their lives to find the enemy's secret headquarters.
Now you're risking yours to destroy it.
And they know you're coming.
As you fly over water and across hundreds of miles of unfriendly territory, the action is thick, fast and three-dimensional.
Fighter aircraft, Surface-to-air missiles. Helicopter gunships. The attacks come from every direction.
Even from behind,
(Suggested retail: S34.95)
8295 South La Cienega Blvd., Inglewood, CA 90301
ViC 20" and Commodore 64 " are trademarks of Commodore Ei9ctronics Ltd.
TM
\^ \
V V ^^
\i
V
nation of precisely what zero-page memory is, and which sections of it can be used by an ML program without affecting the operating system. (Leventhal's 6502 Assembly Language Programming doesn't deal with such particulars, and it's hard to get an understanding of them by simply pe- rusing the memory maps.)
1 also want to use the VIC as a word processor. I will, of course, need a disk drive and a printer, but I'm not sure that I want to use the Commodore products in either case. In regard to the drive, it probably zvoidd be wisest to get the 1541, but I was wondering if I could get more for my money if I were to buy a bare Tandon or Pertec, or a used Apple drive for $200 or so and do the rest myself. In other words, would the task of interfacing and writing a DOS be excessively difficult, considering that the 1541 goes for only $340?
As for the printer, this is more difficult: I would obviously like to get a letter-quality printer, but my budget can't go much beyond $350. So I've been thinking about getting a used I/O Selec- tric and interfacing it to the VIC. An article in the April and May 1981 issues of Radio-Electronics described the general process, and it doesn't seem too difficult - besides, it looks like fun!
Peter Jeffe
Jim Butterfield replies...
1. Most monitor S}/stems are composites of utilities: assembler, disassembler, fill, hunt, display, etc. tiES MON, VICMON, SUPERMON, and similar packages contain "nonsymbolic" assemblers; that is, you cannot use labels. These are not sold as assembler packages.
These assemblers, I should pobit out, are effective in rednchig transcription and lookup errors; for small pro- grams theif can be quick and usefid; backioard branches can be entered by !)ispection; fonvard branches can be guessed, then reentered xohen the actual address is estab- lished; the}/ make no special demands for memory space or disk facilities.
But a big assembler is a whole other thing, and ivorth the cost when you start writing programs that are over, say, 30 instructions long. In my opinion, their major advantage is this: since you keep source code, you can make program changes without the need to type in all the coding once again. A big program will probably need several reivrites; a full (symbolic) assem- bler is very valuable at that time. However, I like- to keep beginners closer to the machine code and encourage nonsymbolic assemblers for early learning programs.
2. Zero-page memory is memory that extends from hex addresses 0000 to OOFF (the first )wo digits represent the "page"),. It's important for three reasons:
a. (minor reason) There's an addressing mode that allows faster and more compact access to zero page than to other parts ofynemory. Not too important; time and space are seldom urgent machine language program considerations.
W COMPUTE! September Wea
b. (major reason) A major method of "reaching" information anywhere in memory is huiirect ad- dressing, more specifically, indirect indexed ad- dressing. This addressing nwde needs to hold its indirect address in zero page. Zero page is hi short supply; many users like to "conserve" the area for indirect address usage.
c. (pragmatic reason) The operating system uses zero page a good deal for BASIC and for interrupt processing. To keep the operating system healthy, you need to respect the important usage areas. Many users (who want lots of zero page) "swap out" little-used memory for their ML programs, and put it back before returning to BASIC.
Most 6502 reference Iwoks deal with the chip "in a vacuum" - not connected to a real system. Thus, you get no hint as to where programs should he placed, hoio to invoke input and output, and hoxo the monitor systems loork. This tnakes it very difficult for the be- ginner - that first step is a big one.
A recent book, Machine Language for Begin- ners, by Richard Mansfield (COMPUTE! Books), does deal with these problems on a variety of machines and may offer more help in this area. This is not said as a review or as an endorsement, but the book does approach the microprocessor as seen ivithin its computer environ- ment to a greater exteid than previous pub!icatio)is I have seen.
3. I have a slrottg bias tozoards the maintfacturer's product line on disk systems. You can go other ways; but commercial products, and club distributions, are likely to heavdy favor these format disks. Building your own interface and writing your oion DOS is not a trivial task; if it's a challenge you would enjoy, go for it. If your objective is to get a system up and running in reasonable time, reconsider.
Many computer hobbyists have adapted Selectric. devices; some have complained that the machines are not durable, having been designed for a lighter duty cycle than is found on computer word processors. Check with user groups for their reaction.
64 Video Glitches
I'm disappointed with the quality of the Commo- dore 64 video display. For example, when select- ing black characters on a blue background, every other character is badly smeared. Also, when executing a program, small "birdies" appear ran- domly all over the screen. These are about one pixel in height, three to eight pixels in width, and appear in the same color as the characters. Is there a fix for these problems?
Some colors don't seem to work 'well together on the Commodore 64; you nught try coudnnations of fore- ground and background colors to see lohat works best on your machine.
If you are using a TV set, look for solid connections
LUXURY FACILI
SM SOFTWARE INC.
IS A SUBSIDIARY OF
SM SOFTWARE AG, MUNICH,
ONE OF EUROPE'S TOP
MICRO SOFTWARE HOUSES.
U.S. computer technology, allied witK German software engineering has produced high quality programming aids such as:
• SM KIT - program de-bug aids
• ESH - ergonomic screen handler
• ISM - index sequential file manager
• LOS - loadable operating system
and high level application programs such as
• SMTEXT- advanced text processor.
ASK FOR DETAILS.
SM SOFTWARE INC. 252 Bethlehem Pike Colmar. PA 18915
.n^
SOFTWARE MADE IN MUNICH
Dealer inquiries invited.
(try zoiggling things gently) and make sure your TVI COMPUTER slide sivitch is firmly over to Ihe COM- PUTER side. Try rearranging the cable which connects the computer to the TV set: sometimes interference is picked lip along the way. Even moving the computer can often help.
On the other hand, if you are using a monitor rather than a TV set, there are other things for you to keep in mind. Commodore -will soon be announcin<^ a neiv interface - and a new monitor - that should sig- nificantly improve picture quality. Still on the subject of monitor interfaces, some users find that they can get better character definition by a variation in the wiring of the interface. Normally, pin 4 of the video connector is used for video out on the Commodore 64: some users like the improved contrast that may be achieved by con- necting pin 1 (luminance) to pin 4 and then feeding the composite signal to their monitor.
We understand that the screen hash that you call "birdies" can be eliminated completely by the addition of a small capacitor to the video circuitry of the Commo- dore 64. Contact your dealer for further information.
RAMDISK
Could you tell me what a RAMDISK is?
Joe DeNicola
It is possible to use large amounts of extra RAM memory as a simulated "disk drive." In fact, the decreasing cost of RAM chips has made "memory drives" quite popular. The advantage of a memory drive is that it is extremely fast -faster than any non-solid-state peripheral. Unfor- tunately, most of these memory drives lose what they've stored when you turn off your computer. Battery- protected memory drives are available, but they are relatively expensive, since they require low-power spe- cial CMOS memory chips.
Specifically, the RAMDISK is U8K of "bank- selected" (you can call upon "banks" ofl6K) memory. It includes software to use the extra memory as a simu- lated disk drive.
Finding Atari Addresses
As an owner of an Atari Assembler Editor car- tridge, I'm still having trouble locating the hexadecimal address locations for BASIC com- mands. Any suggestions?
Eric Ermert
It IS possible to call some of the ready-made routines found in the BASIC cartridge, but you must remember that they are designed to be used by BASIC itself, not external ML programs you write. You can read about the internal workings of Atari BASIC in COMPUTEl's new Atari BASIC Sourcebook.
A better solution is to write your own routines. It isn't that difficult. For example, the SOUND command
16 COMPUTE! September 1983
stores the values in the POKEY chip, which, among other things, is responsible for generating sound (see "Atari Sound System," COMPUTE!, januan/ 1983). You can call any of the graphics routines BASIC uses (PLOT, DRAWTO, GRAPHICS). These are found in the Atari operating system, not the BASIC cartridge, and they are loell-documented and designed to be called by your ML programs. Some references are De Re Atari, Atari Technical Notes, and Bill Wilkinson's COM- PUTE! column "Insight: Atari" (especially February 1982).
Atari Binary LOAD/RUN From BASIC
The use of binary files in BASIC programs is in- creasing as Atari programmers become more sophisticated. It is not generally known that you can use the DOS command L, including the "/N" option, directly from BASIC. The necessary routines are resident in DOS itself, not DUP. They will LOAD, INIT, and RUN (or not RUN) any binary file that DOS can handle, including com- pound files. Control is returned to BASIC for files which ordinarily return to DOS. Here is one method. Just insert your file name in F$.
100 DIM F$(16):F$ = "D;GAME.OBJ":FS(LEN(F$) -l-l) = CHR$(155):POKE5534,0:POKE 5535,192
110 X = ADR(F$):Y = INT(Xy256);POKE 853,Y:POKE 852,X-256»Y:X = USR(ADR("hL)U"))
The USR string which is not listed correctly by a printer is:
small h, capital L, inverse SHIFT 0, CONTROL U
To LOAD and INIT but not RUN, POKE 5534,192 in line 100.
The USR code, PLA, JMP $15A9 calls the resident DOS routine used by option L,
Note: Bill Wilkinson in his COMPUTE! column eloquently explains the advantages of following Atari protocol. I am embarrassed to point out that I violate that excellent advice by using a specific DOS routine which may be altered in future DOS revisions. It is safe to use this quick and dirty trick in your personal programs, but don't distribute it. Use my "Autotype" in COMPUTEl's Second Book of Atari to insert the binary file directly and safely into any commercial BASIC program.
Forrest Meiere
COMPUTE! welcomes questions, comments, or solutions to issues raised in this column. Write to: Readers' Feedback, COMPUTE! Magazine, P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403. COMPUTE! reserves the right to edit or abridge published letters. ©
of The Hundreds of Reasons You Ought To Be A COMPUTE!
Magazine Subscriber:
From "The Editor's Feedtiack" Card, a monthly part of oiir contunamg dialogue with readers of COMPUTE!. These are responses to the question,
"What do you like test about COMPUTE! ?"
l."Tlie coverage of educational uses of computers for kids." 8,"Clear, clean layout, good presentation..." 3."Educational software reviews... 'Friends of The T\irtle'..." 4. "Written so a newcomer to computers can understand..." S. "Cover to cover, and all in between..." 6."Reviews of software and hardware..." 7. "Good balance of application and technical articles..." 8."It is the best source of info about various levels of VIC/ PET/CBM machines and applications..." 9. "The large number of well-explained pro- grams..." 10. "I like programs that can be typed into a computer, run, and then used right away (a program without bugs!)..." 11. "That it is organized weU, and covers a broad range of information concerning Atari. Keep it up, please! I'm learning..," IS. "Table of Contents listings and computer guide to articles is a great idea. Best magazine for personal home computer users..." 13."Best I have found for VIC info..." 14. "Informative articles: 'Secrets of Atari', Game programs, especially programs that teach the reader about the Atari..." 15. "I like all the articles and programs for my computer, the PET. I've learned and found out things about it that I never even thought existed. Other magazines don't have too much material for the PET and, for that reason, I fmd COMPUTE! invaluable..." 16. "The up-to-date hardware reviews..." 17, "Educational and game programs... ready to type in..." 18. "Utmty and appUcations program listings very helpful..." 19."I'm a computer beginner and COMPUTE! didn't scare me away... it made me more interested in learning more about computers..." SO. "I really enjoy (since I am one) the Beginner's Page..." 81. "The attention it gives to Atari and the easy-to-imderstand language it's written in..."S8.It is concerned with explaining programs, not just listing them. It is the best VIC magazine I could buy..." 83."The newTable of Contents 'Guide to Articles and Programs' is excellent, particu- larly the indication of 'multiple computer' items..." 84. Broad range (sophistication) of programs..." 85."It's easy to understand yet pushes you to a 'higher level'.,."
Whether you're just getting stsuTted with personal computers, or very advanced, you'll find useful, helpful Infornxation in every issue of COMPUTE! Magazine. We specialize in supporting the Atari, PET/CBM, Commodore VIC-gO and 64, TI-99/4A, and Apple computers. Editorial coverage is expanding to include the Ttmex/Sinclair and the Radio Shack Color Computer.
Every issue of COMPUTE! brings you user-friendly articles, applications programs, and utilities you can type" right into your com.puter and use. To subscribe to COMPUTE!, or to order a sample issue, use the attached reply card or call oiu? toll-free nmnber. COMPUTE!... We're the resource for thousands and thousands of home, educational, and small husiness computer users. Shouldn't you be one of them?
1 year, twelve issue subscription: $20.00 m the US.
Call ToU Free in the US 800-334-0868
In NC caU 919-275-9809
COMPUTE! Magazine is a publication of COMPUTE! Publications, Inc. 505 Edwardia Drive, P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403
SMART PRODUCTS
Kathy Yakal, Editorial Assistant
AH persona! computers contain a microprocessor, the "brain" of the machine. But even if you don't own a computer, you probably have several of these tiny brains in your home, your office, or even your car. They are, in a sense, tiny computers.
Cars that act as their own mechanics. Cash regis- ters trained to be marketing experts. Washer- dryers that take better care of your clothes than you could, and computers that guard your home. All of these "smart products" - products that can make decisions and monitor themselves - are no longer science fiction fantasy, thanks to the intro- duction of microprocessors in 1971.
A microprocessor is organized, compressed electronic circuitry which can execute programs and respond to changing conditions. It's about the size of your little fingernail and consists of a small silicon "chip" with complex patterns of lines etched on it.
Microprocessors replace circuitry many times their own size. For instance, if you take the back off a transistor radio, most of the components you see inside could be replaced with a single, small microprocessor.
There are several advantages to using this new technology in the production of consumer products. For one thing, because they are so much smaller than discrete (singular) circuits, products which house them can be much more compact. This is especially true of microcomputers, which wouldn't exist without them.
Microprocessors perform functions fast and precisely. They are easier to produce than discrete electronics and they don't wear out as quickly, since they have no moving parts. Most important, they are intelligent. They can be programmed to make decisions based on predefined conditions.
18 COMPUTE! September 1983
The Consumer Market
You can identify a consumer product that contains a microprocessor. There are generally no dials to turn or buttons to push or timers to set. Quite often there will be a flat membrane-type control panel that is responsive to the slightest touch. And you may be able to tell if the product contains a microprocessor by the type of input required from you (for example, instead of indicating how long you want your clothes to dry, you would only need to indicate the fabric type - the micro- processor would know how long and how hot to run).
Manufacturers of consumer products don't automatically use microprocessors in every pro- duct they could. The same technology that brought microprocessors into being also facilitated better design of microelectronic circuits; each has its own place. Further, some manufacturers are holding back to gauge public acceptance of the new breed of consumer products. This is critical: it's possible to make a washing machine that talks, but do people want that?
In the following product descriptions, we have chosen a few manufacturers which are rep- resentative of several industries. These companies are not the only ones using microprocessors. Also, these companies do not use microprocessors in all of their product lines. What we are looking at is still a state-of-the-art technology.
Self-monitoring
First let's explore some home appliances that use microprocessors. Refrigerators have been able to monitor themselves for a long time. You set the temperature level desired, and the unit shuts off upon reaching it.
The Whirlpool Corporation makes re- frigerators that c even more. They beep if the
THE
iikl>i:i[
You can wait for industry standards
to mandate improved performance.
Or you can have it now on IMaxeil.
Ttie Gold Standard.
maxell
FLOFPyDBK
The refinements of The Gold Standard, from oxide particles to lubricant to jacket, ore uniquely Maxell. And therefore, so ore the benefits. Our unique, uniform crystals assure dense oxide packing. So you begin with an origi- nal signal of extraordinary fidelity. A signal we safeguard in ways that leave industry standards in our wake.
An advanced binder bonds oxides to the base material preventing time and money-wasting dropouts. Calendering then smooths the sur- face for a read/write signal that stays
clear and accurate. And lubricants reduce fric- tion between head and disk for a longer media and head life. To house it, we then constructed a new jacket heat- resistant to 140° F to withstand drive heat without warp or wear. And created the floppy disk that leads the industry in error-free performance and durability.
All industry standards exist to
assure reliable performance.
The Gold Standard expresses
a higher aim: perfection.
maxell.
ITS WORTH rr
Computer Products Division, Maxell Corporation of America, 60 Oxford Drive, Moonachie, N.J. 07074 201-440-8020
We just made
owning an Atari computer
a lot more logical.
RanaSystems ^
Introducing the Rana 1000 disk drive. It^ a whole new game for Atari computers.
This two digit LED readout displays a code that teiis you everything you need to know.
This beeping button tells you your write protect feature is keeping your information safe.
When Rana Systems introduced the Elite Series of Apple"^ connpatible disk drives, we didn't know wliat a tremendous impact they would make. It turned out to be a line so outstanding in perfor- mance, styiing, capacity and price, that it instan- taneously made us a major force in the market. Well, needless to say the response was so great that we were forced to create the same highly ad- vanced disk drive for Atari* A disk drive that when coupled with Atari's computer, could perform everything from accounting, financial planning, and stock charting, to word processing, business management, and letting you write your own pro- grams. Plus, we made it simple enough for a child to use, for learning anything from the alphabet to a foreign language.
Working with a diskette versus playing with a cassette.
Let's face it. The only reason Atari made a cassette option to their computer was to make it affordable. But now you don't have to settle for less. Because now you can get a diskette for your Atari computer which outperforms their cassette and costs 1/3 less than their disk drive. With Atari's cas- sette you only get half the functions of a com- puter compared to what our floppy disk can give you. Their cassette is not only limited in the soft- ware available, but it also takes 20 times longer to get the information you need. And Rana's disk
The remaining buttons beep when touched, and provide readouts on density storage, error status, and drive nurmber.
This button beeps when you touch it, and the LED readout tells you wrfiat track you're on.
drive offers twice the storage capacity of either their cassette or disk drive.
Why even stylewise our new low profile design not only looks 100 times more spectacular, but it occupies 3 times less space. And our new Rana 1000 also gives you a piece of its mind every time you use it, because our disk drive gives you informa- tion as well as takes it. And we think that says a lot.
The disk drive that has all the answers.
Rana offers you a myriad of features Atari couldn't even conceive of. Like five electronic func- tions on the front panel that actually beep and give you a LED readout when touched, Our disk drive tells you what track you're on, and what density and how much information you're storing. It lets you switch from a single density of 90,000 letters to a double density of 180,000 letters, on a single diskette. And, we have a write protect feature which protects your diskette from being erased. In fact, no other disk drive can offer you that.
As you can see, it was easy to build a disk drive superior to Atari's. Because for every reason you buy a disk drive, Rana has superior technology
The Rana 1000 disk drive. It brings your Atari computer to a higher level of sophistication for a price one third lower than Atari's. So your choice shouldn't even be a matter of logic.
Just common sense.
RanaSystems
is
Always a step ahead of the originals.
21 300 Syperior Streel, Chatsworth, CA 91 31 1 213-709.54B4. For dealer information call toll free 1-800-421-2207. In California only call: 1-800-262-1231, Source Number: TCT-6S4
Available a! all participating Compulerland stores and olfier fine computer dealers.
•Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer. Inc. » Atari is a registered traflemarK o( Atari. Inc. . a Warner Communications Company. See us at the West Coast Computer Stiow. Circle 44
Whirlpool KSt's itikwprocessors in the design of inainj home appliances for more efficient operation.
door is left ajar. They let you know when the coils need dusting, or if there is a problem with the temperature inside, or if there is anything going on which will keep the machine from doing its best job of keeping food fresh.
Some microwave and toaster ovens use microprocessors. The purpose of these appliances is to cook food, and microprocessors are employed to do that better and faster. Whirlpool has some microwaves that will monitor food temperature so that it won't be overcooked, and will time sev- eral dishes so they are ready at the same time. Digital clock functions are built in.
Washing machines and dryers are more effi- cient when microprocessors are monitoring their functions. Some of the newer Whirlpool washers do not require you to choose a setting; if you just turn them on, they will go into a standard warm wash-cold rinse cycle. If you want to give addi- tional information about the fabric you're washing, there is a flat membrane panel about a foot long listing your choices. If you make a choice that could damage your clothes, like selecting "knits" along with "hot water," the washer will let you know that this could be a mistake. It will make a low "boop" sound when something's wrong, a high "beep" when everything's all right.
Dryers also use microprocessors to determine the safest way for fabrics to dry. You select the fabric type, and the machine decides how hot the dryer should be and even how long it should dry (unless you set the manual timer). It also auto- matically fluffs the clothes at five-minute intervals to keep them from wrinkling.
Sony uses microprocessors in virtually all of its home entertainment components. The most common use in television sets is in the channel changer. Instead of a standard dial, many tele- vision sets now have a push-button control with a
22 COMPUTE! September 1983
digital display; you can turn the television off or on, choose the channel (either by entering the number or scanning up and down), and adjust the picture by pressing some buttons. Increasingly popular remote control features are also made possible by microprocessors.
Tape players, stereo receivers, and turntables are also making increasing use of microprocessors. A variety of search, memory, and automatic play features can now be controlled by them.
Possibly the most sophisticated use of micro- processors in home entertainment systems is to be found in video cassette recorders. Virtually all of their working parts use them because the re- quirement for accuracy "is so great.
Streamlining Daily Routines
Running a household may be simpHfied in the future because of these advances in electronic technology. General Electric has found a way to make it even easier with their "Homenet," a computer-based home automation system. Con- trolled by a video screen and keypad, the system allows control and monitoring of heating and air conditioning, security and fire systems, lights, appliances, and entertainment components. It uses existing house wiring and electrical current to send signals to appliances. Consequently, the system is compatible with any brand of home appliance.
Built-in telephone circuits allow complete access to the system by phone, so you can call your "Homenet" and tell it what time to start dinner or the washing machine, or to change any earlier instructions. The phone capabilities also enable a home security system, so that if your smoke or burglar alarm goes off, the computer is alerted to call the police, the fire department, or a neighbor.
The CE "Homenet," a home automation system, lets you control household appliances, entertainment components, and security systems through one central keypad and video
screen .
last night, 39 musicians had a CompuServe conference, so did 31 m.d.s, 49 Sports Fans and 640 Apple polishers.
And No one had to leave home.
The Electronic Forum, Cheaper than Long Distance and Much More Rewarding.
Every night on the CompuServe Information Service, professional and social groups discuss a wide range of subjects. From what's new in medical technology to what's nouvelle in continental cuisine.
And every day more computer owners who share a common interest are discovering this exciting new way to exchange ideas and even transfer hard copy data.
And t)esides electronic forums, they leave messages for each other on our national bulletin board, "talk" informally on our CB simulator, and communicate via CompuServe's electronic mail.
But best of all, in most cases, CompuServe subscribers get all of these state of the art communications options, plus a world of on-line information and entertainment for the cost of a local phone call plus connect time.
To become part of this flexible communications network, all you
need is a computer, a modem and CompuServe. CompuServe connects with almost any personal computer terminal, or communicating word processor.
To receive an illustrated guide to CompuServe and learn how you can subscribe, contact or call:
CompuServe
Consumer Inlormalion Service. RO Elox 2021? 5000 Arlington Centre Blvt) . Coiumbus. OH 43220
800-848-8199
lnOhiocall614-457-0B02
An HSR Block Company
The "Homenet," of course, uses micropro- cessors in its computer unit. It is possible to use your own home computer to set up such a system, but this can require a fairly sophisticated under- standing of computers and interfacing.
Electronic Motoring
The use of microprocessors in automotive elec- tronics is expanding rapidly, according to a repre- sentative of the Nissan Corporation. Some of Nis- san's top-of-the-line cars (for example, the turbo- charged ZX) use microprocessors, especially in engine control. All fuel injection functions are digitalized; that is, everything necessary for getting gasoline into the engine efficiently is com- puted. Fuel economy is constantly monitored based on current conditions, so if you're going into a headwind, the computer tells you how long your fuel will last if the wind keeps up.
Microprocessors measure and correct the EGR standard. The audio warning system - the ability of the car to say "Your door is open" or "Fuel is low" - is prioritized. The microprocessor decides which condition is more critical, and warns you of that one first. This is where micro- processors are clearly revealed as a technological leap: they can make intelligent decisions. The most visible use of microprocessors in Nissan cars, however, may be in the scanning and memory capabilities of the digitally tuned AM/FM radio.
The digital iiiAinuiient display of this 1983 Dalsiiit 280ZX illustrates the numerous features iwie controlled by micro- processors in cars.
Nissan has some more exotic uses planned for microprocessors in its 1984 models. One of these, the "knock sensor," will adjust the spark advance to help prevent the "pinging" created by low-octane fuel.
The Ford Motor Company says that its 1983 Lincoln Continental is the best example of the new electronic technology in the company. Microprocessors are used for five different func- tions in this car: in the radio-electronic cassette; the electronic "instrument cluster"; the "trip minder" (a trip computer that calculates time, engine functions, etc., when you're driving a long way); a keyless entry system (a panel of five
24 COMPUTE! September 1963
push buttons on the outside of the driver's door that requires certain entry codes to lock and unlock the car doors and trunk); and the EEC IV Electronic Engine Control System, a fourth-generation engine-control system developed jointly by Ford and Intel using a 16-bit microprocessor.
Additional computerized functions you may see on the 1984 Ford models include a digital thermometer (for outside temperature); digital temperature control; a digital fuel gauge; and electronic air suspension (springs replaced by air bags using a height sensor).
Increased Business Efficiency
All of these products utilize technologies that now exist (or soon will) in your home or garage. But businessmen have not ignored microprocessor- based technology either. The chips will also have a dramatic effect on ordinary commercial transactions.
It's becoming common these days to go to the grocery store and have your purchases rung up by a clerk who barely touches any keys on the cash register. This "price look-up file" goes one step further: the item being scanned shows up on a digital display with its name and price. You then get a printout of what you bought and what it cost. This is all accomplished by National Cash Register (NCR) through the use of microprocessors.
Information gathered by such accounting is not just useful to the customer and a time-saver for the clerk. Marketing experts can use the data to tell if, for instance, a person who buys a certain brand of toothpaste also buys baby food or exotic hors d'oeuvres or cigarettes. In that way, they can get a better idea of what market should be targeted for their advertising. Store managers also use the information to gauge the effectiveness of store displays, shelf height, or their own advertising.
Replacing People
You may already be accustomed to banking at an "instant cash machine." Though used to a degree for about ten years, the machines have gained real public acceptance only in the last couple of years, says a representative of NCR. The same kind of microprocessor-based technology found in these machines may also put computer termi- nals in places where you're accustomed to seeing people: at gas stations, in hotel lobbies, and at airports.
This is not to say that computers will com- pletely replace clerks within the decade. But NCR will be introducing self-service terminals to streamline certain businesses. At a gas station, you may be able to put your credit card in a slot, enter your secret code and the amount and kind of gasoline you want, and the computer inside
Introducing the KoalaPad™ Touch Tablet for less than $125.00. It's the friendliest innovation in personal computing.
With a touch of your finger, the KoalaPad tablet takes control of your computer. Faster than a paddle controller. More versatile than a joystick. And much friendlier than a keyboard.
The KoalaPad tablet is compatible with most game software. And most KoalaPad sets come with a KoalaWare™ software program— Micro-Hlustrator™ It's the best way yet to create beautiful, high-resolution computer graphics.
And there are lots more KoalaWare programs for computer fans of all ages. Like Dancing Bear™ the funny, furry computer cabaret. Spellicopterf the fast action spelling game. And Spider Eater™ the lively music learning adventure.
Just try the KoalaPad Touch Tablet. You'll discover a whole new dimension in home computing. To locate the dealer near you, call toll-free vr, 800-227-6703 (in California, 800-632-7979). Te^TnoiogL corparation
We make computing more personal.'
Tradema rks: Koalaftd, KoalaWare, Spider Eater and Dancing Bear are trademarks of Koala Technologies Corp. Micro-Illustrator is a trademark of Island G rapliics. and Spellicopter is a trademark ot DesignWare Inc. ^ ^ f ^ k^^i
EDUCATORS— Tired of giving endless instruction on computer usage to your students? Use a 3G Light Pen, bypass the keyboard and interact directly witti ttie screen. End typing errors!
^
Mail Coupon or Call Today (or Immedaie Delivery
3G Conipany, Inc. Rt. 3, Box zaA Gaston, OR 97119 (503) 662-U92
Remember, 3G rjffers a SO-Day
Unconditional Money Back GUARANTEE
D TflS-BO LigW Pen _ PET/CBM Lrgnt ta r: Apple Ligh! Pen
□ Model I Of □ Model III Z VIC-20 Lighl Pen C w/rassetle S38.95
$39.35 n CommrKJore 64 Light Pen c w/diskelle U3 95
S37.95
Yes, I want to make my classroom computer easier to use. Rush me
Light Pens. (Add $2.00 for mailing and handling— S6.00 foreign) Enclosed is: i checker money order U MasterCard
■Visa
Card No.
_Exp. Date_
ADDRESS
-ZIP^
CITY STATE_
I Don't take our inwil for II. Here's wrai oito edgcalors say about the 3G Ligiii Pen ■rm very pleased with the perfDrmance ol the pens We are uang ttiem in ojr Learning Labs wiin our Matli majixs."
Carol Reynoltis, Ml Empire College. VA ■The teachers in out flistnct use the pen to score anp record test results II s so much easier than typing in the results '" Phillip OiaJlo. Mohawk Regional Sctiool DisI MA Drdef today. Rememtwr. your satisfaction is guaranteed We will reluml for arty rtKOfl il pen IS returned within 30 rlays You will ^ecer/e
1) 30 Light Pen
2) Demonstration cassette
3) Sample program listing 4} Complete documenialion anij instruc-
lions so you can write your own pro grams in BASIC
51 Other Light Pen software and games ■ f(o ASSEfUBLY NECESSASY. BEADY TO
5™i 2hle p[.gG m AND USE
■ DEALER PACKAGE AVAILABLE
would dispense the gas and charge it to your account.
In a hotel lobby, you could have the option of confirming your reservation and getting your room assignment from a terminal in the lobby. This terminal would interface with the guest ac- counting system that is already in use in many hotels, to provide you with a computerized bill at check-out time.
Terminals programmed with flight informa- tion may begin to appear in shopping malls and other convenient locations soon. You will be able to get night information and make reservations on these; then, when you arrive at the airport for your flight, another terminal will check you in and give you your ticket and boarding pass.
The Invasion Of Intelligence
However, for all of the seeming inevitability of the invasion of microprocessor intelligence into our daily lives, it's not entirely beyond question or modification. Manufacturers of consumer pro- ducts are watching public reaction to these new inventions closely. The technology is there. What remains to be seen is how people will feel about the new smart machines. @
Open your mind
Reveal secrets of the mind. Use your Commodore 64 system to analyzeyourself, your spouse, your date, relatives and friends. Discover your personality type, career potential, behavior tendencies, values, and the people with whom you will be most compatible. This program requires the use of a "joystick". Price S32.95 Disk ($27.95 Cassette).
Behavior Modification. Use your Commodore 64 system to change your behavior patterns through computer hypnosis. Discover how to communicate withyourse//, on a conscious and subconscious level. Program your own post-hypnotic suggestions. The PSI Biofeedback Device is Included with this program. Price S87.95 Disk ($79.95 Cassette).
Get this software at your local dealer or order direct from:
PSYCOM
SOFTWARE
INTERNATIONAL
2118 Forest Lake Drive Cincinnati, Ohio 45244 USA Telephone: 513 474-2188
|
D Y |
AnENTION: |
D Y |
|
COMMODORE VIC 20 AND |
||
|
1 |
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS |
T |
|
h K |
HOME COMPUTER USERS |
E |
|
CUSTOf^fl PROGRAMIvlif^G |
K |
|
|
• |
We will create, to your specifi- |
• |
|
D |
cations, the program you are |
D |
|
looking for. Why settle for a |
||
|
V |
pre-made program tfiafs'ok'? |
Y |
|
T |
Now you can liave a progrEm |
T |
|
created and tit to your iniji- |
||
|
b |
vidual Of business use. |
E |
|
K |
Send a full description of tfie |
K |
|
• |
program you want, along witi |
• |
|
your name and phone num- |
||
|
D |
ber. We Will call you within |
D |
|
Y |
24 flours ol receiving your |
|
|
request v^ilh the actual price |
Y |
|
|
T |
locreate'your' program and |
T |
|
E |
to answer any questions you |
E |
|
mayhave.Forquictter service. |
||
|
K |
call our 24-hour answering servtceand leave yourname |
K |
|
• |
and phone numOer |
• |
|
D |
Programs usually completed in 2-3 weel<s. |
D |
|
Y |
Y |
|
|
T E |
DYTEK |
T |
|
P 0 Box 241 |
b |
|
|
K |
Pinellas Park. Florida 33565 |
K |
|
PHONE: (813)323-6139 |
26 COMPUTE September 1983
"Hie Home Accountant even fla^ii transactions for tax time.
And that's a big time-saver
because I can transfer Information
to The Tai Advantage'" program
and easily figure out what I owe."
* Popular CympuTing, Nuvember. 1982 t Appltf Siirulk, April. 1982
Everyone's talking about The Home Accountant."
Is it because it's the #1 bestselling home finance package in the world? Or because it's extremely thorough and powerful and easy to use? Or hiecau.se it's great for home and business use? Or because it has up to 200 budget categories and handles up to 5 checking accounts?
Yes. But there are a lot more reasons why people buy The Home Accountant. And why you will, too.
Because The Home Accountant can hterally save you hours of time. And take the headache out of handling your finances. Viliether it'.s setting up a budget, cataloging your expenses, balancing your checkbooks or handling your credit cards and money market funds. For personal or business use.
The Home Accountant will even print net worth and financial state- ments. Not to mention being a iifesaver at tax time. Especially when you're able to transfer information onto Continen- tal's The Tax Advantage^" program and figure out what you owe. Quickly.
In short. The Home Accountant is the most effective software (program there is for managing your money. Al^^i man- aging it easily.
Stop by your Continental Software dealer today and pick up The Home Accountant. You'll see what ever\'one s talking about.
The Home Accountant is available for Apple Il/IIe, IBM PC/XT, Atari 400/800/1200XL, Osbornef TRS-80 Models III/4, Commodore 64, Texas
Instruments Professional, Zenith Z-100/110, Compaq and KayPro compu- ters. Actual budget capacities will vary with each computer.
For your free 48 page booklet, "Tips For Buying Software," please write Continental Software, 11223 South Hindry Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90045, 213/417-8031, 213/417-3003-
Continental
Software
A Diii'isionof Arrms, Inc.
■o»**»
.mxpo**^
Games That Teach
John Blackford, Assistant Features Editor
Ever since computers were first pieced together out of radio tubes, their potential as teaching machines has fascinated educators. One of the first ideas was to let computers drill students on important skills. Later, programmers enlivened these practice sessions with games and arcade-type action. Today, innovative teachers ami game designers are -working to create new software and develop teaching methods that make learning itself ffart of the game. Some of these new pro- ducts and ideas are finding their way into the home- via the personal computer.
Walk into any video arcade and you'll see teen- agers in a twilight world, hunched over machines about the size of small refrigerators. Seemingly oblivious to the beeps and whistles that fill the air, they concentrate on the small screen. They can play for hours. This scene is noticed by some educators, who would like to tap that intensity for the learning process. Some of them have. Educational games have acquired a reputation for being rather dull, and many are. But that is changing. Publishers of educational material are developing computer programs; makers of computer games are di- versifying into educa- tional products; and fledgling school compu- ter ventures are maturing into active resource centers and using the
best software available ^, . , ^, j . , „r^-,-
(see "Computers In ^'''' ^'^''^ ^^''^'^" °t ""^ educational game Clipper.
What Makes It Educational?
Almost any activity involves some learning. It wouldn't hold anyone's interest long if it didn't. For an arcade classic to enthrall a player for hours at a time, perhaps week after week, there must be a progressive mastery of the game's secrets. Ex- perts at a game like Pac-Man say they've memorized several complex patterns of movement in order to "beat" the game. But you wouldn't expect to find "Theory of Pac-Man" being taught in schools. So what does set an educational game apart from any other kind?
First, it must have a clear educational goal. John Victor, whose Program Design, Inc. (PDI) produces such programs as Clipper: Around the Horn in 1890, says, "When we do an educational product, we sit down and define a set of educa- tional parameters with measurable results." Then, a program can be tested in the classroom to see how well it meets its objectives. Before they started
on software, PDI designed programmed instructions for educational groups, but Victor believes that market pressures are going to encourage firms new to the field to introduce edu- cational games. He feels it's important for the pur- chaser to consider the educational value of a product.
Furthermore, just the educational value of soft- ware has itself become a selling point for computer manufacturers and re- tailers, according to Doug
School: New Approaches," in this issue).
Carlston, president of Brciderbund Software.
28 COMPUTE! September 1983
It^s still around if you know where to look.
We are Kangaroo'"''' inc., dedicated to just plain fun for kids 3 to 8 years old. jeepers Creatures^" - 30 basic animals with interchangeable heads, torsos, and legs or tails. Create an owligator or an octo- catfish or one of over 26,000 funny colorful combinations in this goofy collection of mixed up animals.
My House-My Home™ - Let's move into the house on Some- where Street. It's ready for fur- nishing and family. Oops, you put the kitchen sink in the bedroom and Aunt Nellie's bed in the kitchen. That's silly.
Jeepers Creatures and My House-My Home have no win- ners or losers, no right or wrong
What to
answers, no high scores to beat, just hundreds of hours of crea- tive play.
Give your child's imagination a boost with Kangaroo games designed for Apple and Atari computers.
Jeepers Creatures and My House-My Home are each available for S34.95 at your software dealer or from Kangaroo, Inc., 332 South Michigan Ave. Suite 700, Chicago, IL 60604, (312) 987-9050. Visa, MasterCard and personal checks accepted.
kANGAROO™ f^or a pocket full of fun.
1983 Kangaroo inc.
ApDie is a registerad trademark of Apple'Compufers. Inc. Atari is a registered Iraoemark ot Alari. Inc. Graphics created with PenguinJottware's Graphics Magician,
lUinJott
spinnaker presents Delta Drawing.
An introduction to the
modern art of programming
using the ancient art
of drawing.
C 198 J SpinnaKer Software Corp. Ml iighB reserved
Kids love to draw.
And DELTA DRAWIhQ'" Learning Pro- gram lets them enjoy creative drawing and coloring while they learn computer programming concepts. Even kids who have never used a computer before can learn to write simple programs and build an understanding of procedural thinking. Ifs easy clear, and fun!
With DELTA DRAWIhQ you use single- key commands to create a picture. Press D to draw; press R to move right And, as you draw, DELTA DRAWintj keeps track of every command. 5o you can easily switch from your picture to the list of commands (a program!) that you've used to draw it With DELTA DRAWING, you begin by drawing pictures that produce computer programs, but soon you can learn to write programs that draw pictures.
DELTA DRAWinQ even lets you save your pictures and programs on a disk or cassette. And you can print your draw- ings on a printer with graphics capability.
DELTA DRAWIhQ comes with an easy-to-follow manual that gets first- time users started quickly And it also provides additional instructions for more advanced users.
DELTA DRAWING Learning Program is available on disk for IBM® and Apple® computers, and on cartridge for Atari® and Commodore 54'" computers.
5o look for DELTA DRAWING at your local software store. You'll find that when we combined the fun of drawing with an introduction to programming concepts, we created a work of art
Apple. iBih and Atari are registered irademarKs of Apple Compuler, Inc . International Business Mactime^ Carp and Atari, inc , reipecliveiv Commodore 64 is a trailemflrK of Commodore Ciecironica Limiied DELTA DRAWIMQ Learning Program 15 a tradcmarK of Spinnaher ^ofiware Corp
^>inff^MK02
We make learning fun.
Although educational software still sells more slowly than games, Carlston says that if the pur- chaser becomes convinced of a computer's educa- tional potential, a sale is much more likely.
Another important factor in determining a game's educational value is whether the game is related to the educational goal. Some games take what might be termed the Mary Poppins approach to learning, making everything fun for children.
ABLE HANP
IMEH IHFIRKEOrO OTAL CREH :6;
fiVS OF PROUXSiaMS LEFT: I REftSURV CONTENTS I 55*50.00 0M5 OF CARGO OM BOARfr: O
A logbook for the clipper ship The Andrew Jackson.
Games of this type start with an educational goal, perhaps a multiplication drill. To make the work seem more palatable to children, the pro- grammer may add a game aspect. For example, if a child gets a correct answer, he or she can then shoot an approaching alien. But here the game is unrelated to whatever is being taught. Dr. Thomas Malone, who has studied several computer games at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, suggests this possibly negative effect. In an interview in the April 1983 Classroom Computer Neivs, Malone suggests that if the game aspect is available only as a reward for getting a correct answer, the student's motivation can actually decrease. He is learning that arithmetic is an unenjoyable activity.
According to Malone, games that make the learning aspect part of the fun are more effective. He calls these intrinsically motivating games. In one that he's studied. Darts, you try to pop bal- loons by guessing where they are located on the screen. If you guess too high, an arrow shoots above the balloon. Too low, and it shoots below - so the game reinforces the concept being taught. Such games impose an extra burden on the game designer. While various number concepts - addi- tion, subtraction, fractions - can easily be incor- porated, a subject such as spelling or word use would impose different requirements.
32 COMPUTE! September 1983
Preschoolers
Surprisingly, preschoolers seem not to need moti- vation from game playing during learning. Their enthusiasm for computers runs high, and a well- produced program for drill and practice meets the youngsters' approval all by itself, according to programmer Bruce Mitchell. He created a line of such programs for preschool through second grade, distributed by the Programmer's Institute. Mitchell is not sold on the fun-and-games ap- proach to programming: "I am an absolute firm believer in the idea that educational programs should be educational - not games."
What he strives for is user-friendliness - an- ticipating any problem the user could have and building the solution into the program. Another thing important to Mitchell is consistency. Every program he's written uses identical command procedures, so a child moving from one to another doesn't have to learn new instructions.
And finally, Mitchell feels that good documentation is important. That means that the child - or the teacher - should be able to learn about the program by reading the literature that accompanies the product. If these criteria are met, and the skills being taught are appropriate to the child's level of development, then the program will be useful.
"But I don't believe the computer should be the primary tool to teach a concept," adds Mitch- ell. "It should be used to help teach the idea, rather than do it all."
For older kids, Mitchell sees computer literacy and programming skills as fundamental. "The creative thinking that permits you to write pro- grams is something you can use throughout life," he says.
Simulations
At the other end of the spectrum from drill and practice are simulation games. They engage the user in a real-life situation - whether it's trying to cross the United States in a covered wagon or running a profitable lemonade stand. Such games are powerful because they not only teach, but also allow the user to make choices within a com- plex, detailed scenario while observing the conse- quences of various decisions.
For years educators have used such games as Oregon, Lemonade, and Cartels and Cutthroats to provide an extra dimension to their computer instruction. In Oregon, you join the westward migration, avoiding Indians, thirst, and starvation in an effort to reach new territory. Lemonade simu- lates a small business and the player can see the effects of reducing an advertising budget, raising prices, and fighting the weather while trying to stay in the black in the business of lemonade sales. Cartels is about business on a grand scale; the
I vTt--:;
~?^^>^^!f*:.
FUN?
s
wim the computer?
ENTER A FANTASTIC WORLD OF FUN
AND LEARNING!
^ WITH ^
f from Scholastic
1
WHAT IN THE WORLD • IS A "MICROZINE?"
2
Microzine is an interactive magazine on a computer disk, and it can open up the world of computer learning to your children more effectively than any other children's software available today. Microzine comes to you from Scholastic. We've been trendsetters in children's publishing for over 60 years. Novi? that traditional teaching methods are being enhanced by computer-taught materials. Scholastic is ready with the innovation that creates an ongoing "dialogue" of fun and learning between your children and your com- puter. Like a magazine, but unlike other software for children, Microzine is constantly current and topical. Your children receive a new four-program Microzine disk every other month and build their own Microzine Library!
WHAT CAN YOUR • CHILDREN DO WITH MICROZINE?
Microzine can help your 9-13-year-olds take advantage of one of the most important uses your computer can have: exploring new and more effi- cient ways of learning and thinking. (If you don't own a computer, your children may be able to use one at school or a friend's home, or borrow one from your local public library.)
Microzine was created with the recognition that today's children take naturally to computers and that tomorrow's adults will need to be computer literate— no matter what their careers.
3
WHAT IS "COMPUTER LITERACY" AND HOW # DOES MICROZINE HELP ACCOMPLISH IT?
At Scholastic, we believe that learning how to utilize a computer's wide-ranging capabilities should be an important part of every child's education. This kind of computer literacy is no longer an option, but a necessity, if our children are to take their places in the computer age. To this end, Microzine is designed to spark enthusiasm and teach these essential skills:
* following directions
* vocabulary
* what a computer can do
■k learning to use a computer * the nature of progranrniing ■k using the keyboard
•k everyday applications * word processing •k data handling
k: graphics
* logic
* parts of a computer ■*■ problem solving
4 •WHAT WILL THE HRST YEAR OF MICROZINE BRING?
An ever-expanding library of fun and learning! Every eight weeks there are four full-length programs and the variety is incredible:
Who's that trying to solve the Mystery at Pinecrest Manor, lost in the Northwoods Adventure and challenging the far reaches of space on Mission to Planet KID Could it be some- one we know? (With Microzine, anything is pos- sible.) All set for takeoff on the Space Shuttle— or maybe a hot air balloon race? Wow! (Will Microzine ever get down to Earth?)
Back safe on Planet Earth, visit the Pet Store. "A fla- mingo for your bathtub? Or maybe a rare three- humped camel?"
JUST TURN THE PAGE TO FILL OUT YOUR MICROZINE REPLY CARD NOW!
Too wild? Gift Store offers practical suggestions for everyone from Great Uncle Oscar to your 16 -year -old ,1^1 twin sisters. Or explore your creative options by composing a song, writing and illustrating a book, or invent- ing your own game.
Microzine is always full of questions. If you've ever dreamed of talking to a computer game designer. Ask Me gives you the chance. You won't believe all the current big stars wait- ing to ask you questions, too.
""1
NO POSTAGE
NECESSARY
IF MAILED
IN THE
UNITEDSTATES
BUSINESS REPLY CARD
FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 2316 HICKSVILLE, N.Y POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE
Scholastic, Inc. P.O. Box 947 Education Plaza Hicksville, NY 11802
5
BECOME A CHARTER SUBSCRIBER TODAY AND YOUR FIRST MICROZINE IS JUST $7.95. (A $39.95 VALUE: YOU SAVE $32,001)
Thereafter, pay only $24.95, plus shipping and handling, for each Microzine you accept. You save nearly 40% off the retail price by subscribing!
Each bimonthly Microzine Package contains;
a Microzine Floppy Disk with Four Complete Programs .
On your first disk, discover:
1. POSTER. What's two spaces wide, slow, green and silent— and changes to three spaces wide, fast, pink and squeaky? It's an imaginary paintbrush that lets you create as many colorful posters as you want!
2. SECRET FILES. If your children want to remember who starred in their favorite horse movie of 1982, they need Microzine's elec- tronic filing system. It works just like the electronic filing systems adults use.
3. ASK ME. Robert Macnaughton of "ET" fame is standing by to accept questions— and ask a few of your children in return!
4. HAUNTED HOUSE. There's never been a haunted house so funny— or one so willing to let you plan your own visit! Like all Twistaplotsf this one ends differently every time you venture inside,
NOTE: The first Microzine Package also contains a bonus: a separate data disk that can be used to save original posters and other personal creations! (A $4.95 value.)
\c.^ :
After consulting this monthly step-by-step guide written in plain English for users 9-13, your children will be able to show you how Microzine activities work. Easy-to-follow instructions encourage independent work habits, creative thinking and follow-through.
THE SCHOLASTIC ^ CHILDREN'S MAGAZINE ON A MICROCOMPUTER DISK.
r"
O.K., Scholastic.
We're ready to enter a fantastic world
of fun and learning.
Start our Microzines coining!
^t^
G Please send us Microzine # 1 (featuring Posier, Sccrci Fites, Ask Mc and Haunted House) and enter a Charter Subscription to Microzine for the child named below. Bill mc the special introductory price of just $7.95 (plus shipping, handling and any applicable sales tax). We will be billed S24.95 (plus deliver^-) for every Microzine wc keep. After purchasing Microzine * 1 , we are never obligated to buy even one addi- tional Microzine, and we may cancel our subscription at any time. If we arc not delighted with the intro- ductory Microzine, we may return it within 10 days and pay nothtng-
n I've already purchased Microzine #1- Please start our subscription with Microzine #2, for which I will be charged just $7.95 (plus shipping, handling and anv applicable sales tax). 61010
08
SEND NO MONEY;
JUST FILL OUT AND MAIL THIS MICROZINE REPLY CARD NOW!
Child's Name_ Address
{pleass prim}
-Agc_
_Grade_ Api._
Citv„
_State_
_Zip_
Tciephonc No. (_
Parent's Signature.
player is in charge of a multimillion-dollar man- ufacturing plant.
One professional software house which has incorporated educational values into games is Spinnaker Software. For preschoolers, games such as Story Machine and Faceinakcr support crea- tive efforts by the child. Adventure games for older children encourage problem solving. In Snooper Troops, for instance, the user tries to solve a mystery. To be successful, you must learn as you proceed, experimenting with the Snoop- Mobile, a wrist radio, and a camera to discover and use clues.
Another adventure. In Search of the Most Amaz- ing Thing, involves traveling through 20 different countries. When you pass through one, you must learn the language, the money system, and some of the local customs. "It's learning without making you feel you are being educated," says Nancy Evans, an editor at Spinnaker. "If you get some- thing wrong, the game is not over."
The adventures hone problem-solving skills indirectly, making them part of the excitement of playing. Learning becomes a natural part of the action. At first, children don't take any notes when playing a game like Snooper Troops, according to Spinnaker's chairman. Bill Bowman. Then they begin to jot things down in haphazard fashion. Finally, he says, "kids begin taking notes in a structured way." No one tells them to; it just makes the player more successful.
Into The Home
These games are attractive to many educators, but school budgets are tight. In many cases, school administrators are unsure of what to buy. New software must first be reviewed, sometimes at the state level, and approval can take months, even years.
Often, the only way a teacher can get a com- puter venture under way is to rely on individual initiative. It's not uncommon for a teacher to use personal funds to purchase a computer for stu- dents. In fact, says Bowman, nearly all of Spin- naker's sales to educational groups are paid for by individuals - evidence to him that teachers are buying the products with their own money.
"They realize what the computer can do," he adds. "But schools are too slow and too bureau- cratic. We feel that the revolution in educational computing will occur in the home."
To tap this market. Spinnaker is emphasizing cartridge software. People who don't have disk drives can acquire the games without having to make a substantial investment. Other manufac- turers are undertaking similar efforts. They are stressing both educational quality and fun. And lest parents forget, producers are reminding them that students who learn at home have an edge at
school. "When a child is exposed to software that teaches at home, chances for high success in school are greatly improved," according to Dr. Larry Lowery.
Lowery, who lectures on courseware evalua- tion at the University of California, Berkeley, created an extensive manual that is used by Soft- Kat's Educational Computer Centers. To help potential purchasers examine educational soft- ware before they buy, Soft-Kat has established over 300 centers where parents, teachers, and children can select programs and try them out.
Computers Vs. Game Machines
Activity such as this suggests that there is real interest in the home educational market on the part of software producers. In fact, both PDI's John Victor and Broderbund's Doug Carlston see a rapidly growing market there. Part of the reason is that home users are beginning to purchase al- most as many computers as video games. Experts in the computer industry had thought that it would be years before home computers began to sell in such quantities. However, intense price cutting among manufacturers has dropped the price of some computers below that of video games. It is now quite possible that computers will begin outselling game machines as early as next year.
This could make educational games the next growth area in the computer business. As more manufacturers get into "eduware" and computer users look for software variety, the field could blossom. Competition may be tough, though. As Victor notes, "Parents don't like wasting money. The people who put up the bucks really want to be sure they get results." Q
COMPUTE!
The Resource.
iie^Nl
ALPHABLITZ!
;s5sx an exciting arcade _3)) word game. . .$9.95
ANIMAX COMPUTER
1111 Las Vegas Blvd. Soutti Las Vegas, NV 89104
OTHER ANIMAX GAMES: STARDROPPER...
A CUTE GAME FOR CHILDREN OF ALL AGES. . .$7.95
MAKE-A-GAME...
LEARN THE FUNDAMENTALS OF CREATING A GAME. . .$9.95 (KITS)^
September 1983 COMPUTE! 37
Guest Commentary
COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION
Robert Nielsen
King Solomon, writing about the futility of various pursuits in life as ends in themselves, did not neglect learning. He wrote: "Of making many books there is no end, and much study is a weari- ness of the flesh" (Eccl. 12:12b). Children today must feel similarly: a bachelor's degree comes at the end oi scvoitccii i/cars of education for most people. Consequently, educators are always seeking more effective ways to accomplish their task of imparting knowledge and training minds. One useful means to this end is the computer.
Responsive Pacing
In its pure form, programmed instruction involves the presentation of new material step-by-step. Additionally, learners work individually at their own speed, and there are frequent examinations followed by immediate correction. Usually the learner is given a short piece of material followed by a fill-in-the-blank, multiple-choice, or other question for which the answer can be mechanically graded.
Traditional books and teaching machines, however, do not accommodate differences be- tween fast and slow learners. Although the stu- dents w^ork individually, at their own pace, all students must go through the same syllabus in exactly the same way. There is little flexibility for the weak student who needs extra drill and prac- tice or for the advanced student who needs greater challenges.
Fortunately, the computer is able to handle what is called a bmnchiitg program. In such a pro- gram there is no one correct way for the learner to move through the material. Instead, material is presented based on the learner's past perfor-
38 COMPUTE! September 1983
mance. Thus, if there is evidence that a student already knows some of the material, then future reference to that topic may never be presented. The student who does slightly substandard work can be given extra drill and practice, while the one who does ver}' poorly can be given a different, expanded explanation. In each case the computer can offer an individualized learning program to the student.
Whatever the technology - books, teaching machine, or computer - programmed instruction is limited to subjects which can be quantified. Therefore, such subjects as mathematics, chem- istry, and physics can easily be adapted to pro- grammed learning. Much more difficult to adapt are fields such as art appreciation, philosophy, and literature, since these subjects often require treatment which cannot be mechanically scored. The question "Why is Moby Dick a great piece of literature?" requires a type of answer radically different from the physics problem concerning the acceleration of an object dropped near the surface of the earth.
Not too long ago (only a few years) it might have been easily assumed that computer-assisted instruction would continue closely allied with the application of behavioral science to learning theory. This has not been the case, in part because not all educators are behaviorists. Instead, in- structors use the computer when it can present material in a way which is consistent with their educational philosophy.
Firing Ranges, Foreign Languages
This wider use of the computer encourages new speculation as to how CAI (Computer Assisted
1
«l
^S-Tor f
^cv mission
fun to do che&too!
I no
"^l^^f
That's an easy one: HesWare™ educational software.
The children witli the most answers in school are usually the children who enjoy learning. HesWare helps develop your child's interest in learning by nnaking it fun. And along the way, develop familiarity and proficiency with computers — a skill that is becoming more and more essential to success.
HesWare educational software combines enjoyment with a creative learning experience. Unlike video games, HesWare educational programs Involve Vour child — and that keeps their interest. Whether it's creating colorful and artistic pictures with Turtle Graphics, making up funny faces with Pacemaker;™ or helping America's favorite canine, Benji, save kidnapped scientists (and learn about the solar system in the process,) or any of the programs in our education library, HesWare gives your children a positive attitude tovi/ard learning and technology.
It's not expensive to give your child a headstart on the future. HesWare programs are available for most popular home computers, including the Commodore VIC 20r Commodore 64r Atarif andlBM®
HesWare educational software. Just one of the ways HesWare is expanding the computer experience. And mm mmm expanding your child's horizons. Look for them at your MOCMBIfV favorite software retailer. mmws^wmaM c
Human Engineered Software, 150 North Hill Drive, Brisbane, CA 94005 800-227-6703 (in California 800-632-7979) Dept. C20
Pleases the
tough customei:
HesWare and Facemakej are IrademarKs ol Human tij;; r.ecred Software. VIC 20and Commodore 64 are trademajhs
of Commo{lore EtecSronics Ltd. Atari Isa registered trademark of Mart, Inc. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Macfiines
0 1983
Instruction) works. The behaviorist sees the computer as a giver of rewards to the successful learner, thus increasing learning. However, behaviorism is only one branch of education and one which is limited, by definition, since it is con- cerned only with behaviors and nothing else. One explanation for the effectiveness of CAI comes from two disparate realms of education: the firing range and the foreign language classroom.
The largest educational organization in the United States is the military. Much time, energy, and money is spent training personnel. Con-
The computer is silent, which allows
the student time
to think and,
consequently, learn.
sequently, the military is always looking for faster, cheaper ways to teach. One improvement that it discovered was in teaching marksmanship.
The old method of teaching soldiers to shoot accurately was to let the soldiers take shots at a target. Then the sergeant would come over and tell the recruit how well he did. Informed of his results, the soldier would have another try.
As an experiment, the army tried placing targets which fell over when accurately hit, but which did nothing when missed. There was no instructor to tell the soldiers how they did: they could see for themselves.
The result was that soldiers learned faster and used fewer bullets. Interestingly enough, when people are told that they have done a job poorly, they say to themselves, "I'm no good." That is, they take an evaluation of thch performance and apply it to themselves. While it is ver\^ easy intellectually to separate performance from per- son, emotionally it is very difficult. Purthermore, people who think they have been (or actually have been) judged negatively as a person tend to do worse in performance. In short, a person who tells you that you did a job poorly is not helping you to do the job belter next time.
The second example comes from the foreign language class. Here, just as in the army, much time and effort is spent to teach students. Con- sequently, there is a proliferation of methods to teach foreign languages, each method trying to do the job better than previous ones. One sur- prising way that works well involves a mostly silent teacher.
40 COMPUTE! September 1983
The teacher rarely speaks even when students make errors. For example, when a student makes a pronunciation error, most traditional teachers would say something like "No, the correct pro- nunciation is ...." The silent teacher, however, would point to the part of the word where the error occurred. Students would then guess new pronunciations until hitting on the correct one (usually rather quickly). The correct answer is met with a slight nod of the head. In spite of the apparent paradox or apparent inefficiencies of a silent language teacher, students not only learn but seem to thrive under this system.
The point of the above examples is that the computer provides similar feedback to student responses. Because it is a machine rather than a person which gives the feedback to students, their egos are not as threatened. Additionally, the computer is usually silent, which allows the stu- dents time to think and, consequently, learn.
Inexpensive, Safe, Holistic
Another, well-established application of CAI is in the field of simulations. Simulations are used in education to provide a substitute for the real thing. Sometimes a substitute is preferred becau.se it is less costly - learning to fly an aircraft, for example. A mock-up of an airplane cockpit connected to a high-speed computer can give every effect of flying an airplane, yet never leave the ground.
Moreover, simulations can provide learners with experience that would be too dangerous in real life. For example, pilots need to practice emergency situations, such as landing with one inoperative engine. Done with actual aircraft, this procedure may result in disaster. Simulated with the help of a computer, such an "emergency" gives pilots invaluable experience for a genuine emergency, should one ever happen.
Finally, simulations provide a holistic view- an appreciation for how everything works to- gether. It has been said that scholars today know more and more about less and less. The knowledge that a simulation provides is just the opposite: a view of the whole instead of a focus on the details. The world of the classroom is one where details can be examined at length and at leisure. Outside the classroom, things are important not only for what they are in themselves, but for how they fit in with everything else that is happening. A simulation can provide this insight.
There are clearly several significant uses for computers in education. We've only described pacing, efficiency, and simulation. There are also strong arguments for using computers in educa- tional management (grading, attendance) and in games which teach. The pessimism expressed by King Solomon may not apply to the learners and teachers of the future. ©
COMPUTER-BASED LEARNING
Ed
ju-ware
Cej' 00 war] n.
The first name in learning.
THE SCIENCE OF LEARNING
Professionally designed instruc- tion in specific academic skills for ages 4 through adult.
Elementary Mathematics
Introduction to Counting presents
young children with the concepts of numbers, addition, subtraction, shape discriminalion, weight, height, and
measurement. Apple, Atari disk
$39.95. Atari tape S29.95.
Arithmetic Skills teaches basic number skills. High resolution graphics, animation, and sound effects malte counting, addition, subtraction, multiplication, and divi- sion interesting. Apple $49.95.
Fractions builds and reinforces sliills in working with fractions. Def- initions, numerators, denominators, addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are explained in small increments and a learning manager makes the program flexible to meet the needs of individual learners. Apple S4900.
Compu-Matti"' Fractions, a comparable Atari program is also available. ^tor/(^/sft S39.95. Atari tape $29.95
DBCimaiS presents addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, rounding off, percentage and con- version as they apply to decimals. Apple S49.00.
Compu-IVIatti^ Decimals, a comparable Atari program is also available. Atari disk $39.95. Atari tape $29.95
Advanced Mathematics
Algebra, volumes 1 through 6 is a
series of indepen- dent programs comprising a first I year course in algebra. Concepts are presented in four distinct learning styles so that self-managed learning is encour-
aged. Volumes 1 through ^. Apple, IBM PC $39. 95 each. Volumes 5 and 6 (sold as a set): Apple, IBM PC S49.95
Language Skills
spelling and Reading Primer^
uses simple words and pictures to in- 1 troduce basic read- ing and spelling skills. Word groups cover simple two- and three-letter words through difficult multi- syllable words, double vowels and consonants, and direc- tions and numbers. Apple $39.95.
Compu-Speir builds spelling skills in a tutorial format. A system disk- ette can be used with six different data diskettes geared to vocabulary for grades 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and an adult level containing words commonly misspelled in business. System Yi\s\mt: Apple $29.95 Data Diskettes: Apple $19.95 each.
Compu-Read~ improves reading speed, recall, and test-taking skills. The system adjusts itself to your learning requirements and provides detailed information on progress and reading rates. Apple, Atari disk $29.95 Atari tape $24.95
PSAT Word Attack Skills and SAT Word Attack Skills develop specific vocabulary skills in defini- tion, connotation, roots and pre- fixes, and application. Test-taking skills required for the Scholastic Aptitude Tests are sharpened. Apple $49.00 each.
PSAT/SAT Analogies develops skills tested in the analogies portion of college entrance examinations. Word relationships, meanings, and achieving under test-taking condi- tions are stressed. Apple $49. 00.
Introduction to Poetry presents
rhyme and meter in a clear and simple tutorial format. Definitions are given on the screen and are sounded out by your computer The program is highly interactive and easy to operate. Apple $39.95.
Computer Skills
Hands On BASIC"- Programming
combines hand- holding software with a 200-page tutorial that steps the novice through beginning BASIC programming. This complete learn- ing system won't leave you hanging with an error message. Special features allow you to diagnose the problem and correct your mistake. Apple S79.00.
DRAGONWARE"
Entertaining, colorful, animated games with lasting educational value, forages 4 through 10. Webster, our wise and wonderful dragon, is your child's compan- ion in the adventure of computer- based learning.
Spelling Bee Games™ contains four fun activities in
which hand/eye co- ordination, memoiy skills, and motor skills are exercised. Twenty-two word lists covering simple two- and three- letter words through multi- syllable words provide variety and scope. Apple, Atari disk $39.95
Webster's Numbers" is a magical place where mosquitoes in mazes, balloon races, building blocks, and boxes teach pre-school children the basics of counting. Apple $39. 95.
INTERACTIVE SIMULATIONS
Realistic recreations of real-world adventures where scientific evaluation yields the solution.
Rendezvous
makes you the pilot of a true- to-life space shuttle. Your mission is to dock with an orbiting space station. Apple, Atari disk $39.95
INTERACTIVE FANTASIES"
Science fiction adventure games that challenge the intellect and startle the imagination.
I Prisoner 2™ In
I a surrealistic envi- ronment of mis- I leading clues and sugar-coated prop- I aganda, you survive by your wits alone. Escape without divulging the information your cap- tors desire. Can you escape? Can you even find the bars? Apple $32. 95. Atari disk. IBM PC $39.95
Empire 1: World Builders™ Struggle to tame a gallaclic wilderness and establish an infant Empire's first col- onies. Stand at the edge of the new Apple $32.95.
frontier.
^&
Empire 11: inter- stellar Sharks™
Dodge the bureau- cracy and pursue ultimate success in a high-tension, intergallactic entre- preneurial arena. Making it depends on how well-equipped you are to meet the onslaught of those in power. Apple $32.95
Empire ill: I Armageddon™ The
end ofa once great Empire now torn by rebellion, poverty,
I corruption, and an unfeeling authority.
1 Where do your loyalties lie? Apple $32.95.
For more information or the
dealer nearest you contact:
EduWare Services, Inc.
28035 Dorothy Drive
PO Box 22222
Agoura Hills, California 91301
213/706-0661
n«-i*rtrt urirti/jimj. OtB^Vi&ff Inaraftiiv SmiulahMi tni Inifnumt FmiUiui trt drrawns ol EduWirt FJaWan u » rrgukrcd ImtfiiiHli q\ EdjWirt SemcM, Int Ap^ 4 « i|»<*nu* af hff*t flrmfuttr Aun H i rnjalfrnj inclrrnu* ai Jiun Im IBM K' at tttitmMiV ut hlcrtiilKful Biuirnj Kichijei
EDU
COMPUTERS IN SCHOOL
NEW APPROACHES
John Blackford, Assistant Features Editor
"Computers to invade the classroom!" Even if you didn't see that on the ez^euiug news or in your favorite uta^^azinc, dmnces are that you've seen a TV commercial or heard from a neighbor that students must learn about computers to succeed. The question for parents and educators is hoio best to introduce computers - what software to use, hotv to set up a computer program, and where to get the money. Some students, however, are racing ahead, learning programming at home or during odd hours at school, ami sometimes simring their knowT edge loith others.
"The computer is going to force us to reexamine our goals in education," says Sheila Cory, who coordinates the computer program for the Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Schools in North Carolina. And computers are moving in now, whether or not new goals have been set. Students are eager to try them. Teachers wonder how to tap this enthusiasm without sacrificing educational qual- ity. Some school boards worry about the expense, yet fear, too, that their school may be left behind if they don't act quickly.
While one state, or school district, or family may be heavily committed to computers, another may view them with skepticism or disinterest. The result is a confused, yet creative ferment. Individuals can have real impact now, because - for all the excitement ~ there are few firm guide- lines, few precedents.
A Mythical Country
One individual who made a difference is Jim Tomberg, a teacher at Chapel Hill High School. He could find hardly enough money in the budget to purchase even one computer for his students, so Tomberg proposed a software development group for the school. He requested and received a grant from federal and state funds set aside to aid 42 COMPUTE! September 1983
unique educational projects.
The high school students in the project were to create original, documented programs to the specifications of teachers in the elementary grades. Tomberg wanted the programmers to work closely with the students and teachers receiving the programs.
To make the entire project educational, Tom- berg says he "let the kids make all the decisions. They organized the whole course." They studied various brands of computers and decided what equipment to buy. Then they came up with the idea of doing a newsletter about their study - all composed on computers using word processing programs.
The teachers who requested material did, however, retain complete control over the content of the programs. In every case, students spoke directly with each teacher to insure useful results in the classroom.
Tomberg's project has received strong sup- port from the 12 programmers as well as from the teachers requesting software. Not every request could be fulfilled, and when one student pro- grammer called a teacher to say his project was accepted, "the teacher was so excited. He was ecstatic," says Tomberg. The program, for history teacher Grant Zimmerman, is a .simulation of a mythical New World traversed by seafaring ad- venturers. The new land is complete with native tribes - each with distinct languages and customs - and mountains and rivers to be charted.
The object of the game, called "Explorers," is to cross an ocean and trek across an unknown continent to gain treasure hidden on the other side. At each stage, obstacles must be overcome. At sea, whales and storms threaten the voyagers. Once on land, the terrain must be mapped for the journey overland. And part of the challenge is learning about the tribes. Some are friendly and
PLATO EDUCATIONAL COURSEWARE BRINGS NEW EXCITEMENT TO LEARNING.
If your kids think serious education has to be dull, wait until they use Control Data PLATO® educational courseware.
With PLATO courseware, children can learn by competing against them- selves,- by interacting with stimulating graphics that keep them motivated. They see their progress, and find real excitement in achievement.
PLATO courseware is being used in classrooms across the nation. Now you can bring this quality education home. You'll find PLATO lessons at selected retail outlets where quality software is sold.
For the Apple H Plus and Apple lie, the TI99/4A or Atari 800.
The selection includes elementary Math lessons in Basic Number Facts, Whole Numbers, Decimals and Fractions,
TTirough such computerized activi- ties as "darts" and "pinbali;' PLATO makes learning math almost fun. Foreign Language lessons use the popular hangman or pyramid game concept to help teach French, German or Spanish in a way that holds and builds interest.
Our Computer Literacy lesson pro- vides a perfect introduction to the computer age for kids and novices.
For ApfJe II Plus and Apple He,
Our Keyboarding lesson shows children and adults how to use a key- board to enter data into the computer. Developed in cooperation with Gregg-McGraw Hill.
Widen yonr child's world.
See the growing library of PLATO educational courseware at selected retail outlets. Or for information and a free PLATO educational courseware catalog, call toll-fi-ee 800/233-3784. Or write: Control Data Publishing Co., PO. Box 261127 San Diego, CA 92126. In California call 800/233-3785.
\)C'arfaniy available free from Control Data Publishing Co.. -^455 Eastgatc Mall, San Djcpo. CA 92121
PLATO
COMPUTER-BASED EDUCATION
CONTRpLDATA PUBLISHING
can help with the enterprise, while others niust be battled or avoided.
The main idea for Explorers was Zimmer- man's. He wanted a challenging exploration game in which students could succeed {unlike some adventure games, where you can play for hours, only to be gobbled by an ogre after making one wrong turn). With Zimmerman's general theme in mind, programmer Aden Evens set to work on an ocean part of the adventure, while Tom Evans created the new continent. They designed the game so there is usually a way out of any difficulty if the player is persistent and uses common sense. When the student explorer sees a storm coming, for example, he can avoid being blown off course by lowering the sail.
A ii!i)u-woi-kshofi for eknncnUuy sdiool itiidoits conducted by Chapel Hil! High School stiideiifs and their advisor jhn Tomberg (center).
The students finished all their programs in time to present them to examiners overseeing the project for the state, and chances are good that funding will be extended this year. Toward the end of the school year, the programmers even held some workshops, sharing their knowledge with younger schoolmates. Pupils as experts, that's another Computer Age twist.
Tomberg is hard at work on his latest project: convincing a manufacturer of inexpensive com- puters to donate 30 of its products to the school. The students would be able to check them out of the library and take them home. "Just think," says Tomberg, "the}''!! be able to take one home and plug it right into the TV set."
New Research
At present, fully 25 percent of the funding for classroom computers is provided by parental, religious, or civic groups, according to a recent study by McGraw-Hill Research. And teachers often bring in their own computers to share. But these individuals and groups aren't always sure what approach to take, or even what brand of
4d COMPUTE! September 1983
computer is best for schools.
"You are talking about a whole new era of technology, about which not enough background research has been done," says graduate student Jim Glover, of the University of Connecticut School of Education. "Schools are rushing pell- mell into educational computing, but what happens ten years from now when you may be teaching kids three or four hours a day with com- puters? What's best for preschoolers, for junior high? What type of display is easiest to look at? What kind of keyboard is comfortable to use?"
To help answer such questions, researchers are looking at the growing role of computers in education and developing new theories and methods to help educators cope with the changes. However, they are by no means unanimous in their recommendations. For some, computer- assisted instruction (CAI) is a perfect vehicle for the behaviorist theories of psychologist B.F. Skin- ner. For others, computers can enhance the open- ended theories of Swiss educator Jean Piaget, who believed that education at its best involves an active discovery of reality by the learner, not a recollection of ready-made facts,
Piaget's ideas actually form the basis of a computer language - Logo - that was developed at MIT by Seymour Papert and others. Logo has intrigued many educators because it supports impressive screen graphics through a command structure that permits the linkage of simple procedures which then form more complex procedures.
Schools that use Logo and similar languages incorporating Piaget's ideas have blossomed in recent years. The Bank Street College of Education in New York City has made a study of this ap- proach to learning. People at the school are looking at the effects that computers, and Logo in particu- lar, have on learning among eight- to twelve-year- olds. One characteristic of Logo is that it makes the child a partner in the learning process. How- ever, says Barbara Dubitsky, "The computer itself is nothing more than a tool. In the hands of a poor teacher, Logo is a bomb."
While the research at Bank Street is still pre- liminary, work at such places will eventually give educators throughout the country a solid yardstick by which to evaluate new approaches.
Radiating Computing Centers
Current research has an impact on the classrooms of the future, but where do teachers or schools turn for help now? Again, one committed teacher or a single successful program often serves as a catalyst to create a larger, more formally organized group. For example, a teacher may begin a modest pilot program, and interested people drop by to ask questions. As the project grows, they may
SOFTWARE MOVlESj^
HEUJ!
mmmmmmmmm
••••••##
MAXIMUS, Inc. is excited to present two new educa- tional software movies for kids of alt ages . . . and more are on the way!
STORYLINE^** makes bedtime, or anytime, a warm and friendly funtime. Clover the Clown is your tourguide for two fairytales: The Ugly Duckling and Rumpelstiltskin. Through computer magic you become a part of each story!
SAFETYLINE™ combines fun with important lessons about safety. Max the Cat shows you how to cross the street safely going to school and what to do when lost at the zoo.
Both software movies have interactive games that reinforce the fun and learning. Both have real human voices; you don't need a voice synthesizer!
Features of the software include:
• Sophisticated Face Animation
• Lip-Synchronized Voices
• Original Musical Scores
• Superior Full-Color Graphics
• Optional Joystick Control
• Machine Language Programs
Relax and enjoy yourself. Let Max, Clover, and their colorful friends guide you through a new world of fun and learning. You'll be amazed at how real they are!
TM TM
STORYLINE and SAFETYLINE are currently available for any Atari computer with 48K. Each software movie comes in either CASSETTE ONLY (S29.95) or CASSETTE/DISK (S34.95) versions. Order by mail or phone. Visa and Mastercard welcome. Include $2.50 postage and handling; Virginia residents add 4% sales tax. Dealer inquiries invited. Write for our free catalog. MAXIMUS, Inc., 6723 Whittier Avenue, McLean, Virginia 22101.
ORDER TOLL-FREE 1-800-368-2152 lAXlA/lUS ...Where Excellence is the standard W^O^S^
iXIMUS, inc. 1983. Atari >s a regislered trademark of Alan, Ire. Commodore 64 is a registered trademark of Commodore Business Machines, tne.
>
return lo volunteer their time - and the alliance grows. Such pioneer efforts can develop into vital resource centers whose influence reaches far beyond the local area.
That's the way it happened in San Mateo County, California, where the Microcomputer Center there gained such a reputation for excel- lence that it has influence throughout the state and even beyond Technically, the Center is only a county office, but because it was the first of its kind in California, it became a model for similar programs elsewhere.
The Microcomputer Center has been desig- nated as a software librarj^ and clearinghouse to support all 15 Teacher Education and Computer (TEC) Centers in the state. It also runs the Softswap public domain software exchange in cooperation with a group of volunteers working for CUE (Computer-Using Educators). Softsivnp receives hundreds of inquiries each month from around the world. The group prepares disks with pro- grams contributed by educators and makes the disks available for $10 eacli. The disks may then be freely copied and distributed.
The Center also received a grant for the 1982/83 school year to evaluate software and make the results available to educators all over Califor- nia. To do this, it is establishing a cadre of software evaluators across the state and developing a list of educational software that has been favorably reviewed by other qualified groups across the country. The Center will coordinate and publish the results. (A software catalog is available for $1 ppd. Write to Microcomputer Center, San Mateo County Office of Education, 333 Main St., Red- wood City, CA 94063.)
California has given strong support to com- puter use in its schools. Many projects have been supported by state-administered grants. Another state which made one of the earliest starts in com- puter education is Minnesota. It remains a leader with its MECC (Minnesota Educational Com- puting Consortium) program, the nation's only statewide instructional computing network. MECC offers a wide range of services to students, teachers, and administrators in the state's public schools and colleges. It also develops and dis- tributes educational software for a fee to school districts anywhere in the United States. For many schools, MECC educational programs are the first ones in the classroom.
Texas has also strongly supported the use of computers in education. Software evaluation is coordinated on a statewide basis, and the state - through 20 Educational Service Centers - now gets regular discounts of 25 to 30 percent on hardware. Soon, the Texas Education Agency hopes to go on-line with a data base containing all the agency's software evaluations and other perti-
46 COMPUTE! September 1983
nent information. To improve computer education throughout the state, requirements for teacher certification are being revised to include computer literacy. According to Sandy Pratscher, educa- tional specialist for instructional computing for the state, the mere hint of this change has already caused a marked jump in enrollment for computer courses in Texas colleges.
Stiidotts tit the Bank Street Colle;i;e of Eiiuaition Iri/iii;^ out a neiv program. Researchers here are looking at new zvai/s to ijwolve computers in the learning process.
Innovators
Summit School (Winston-Salem, North Carolina) is an unusual place - the kind where you'd almost expect to find an innovative computer program. Although the school is about to celebrate its 50th anniversary as an independent institution, the original principal, now 92, still comes in mornings to teach.
The school has a Math and Computer Center. According to the center's director, Elaine Bologna, the math center, started four years ago, was funded by two foundations as a demonstration center for new teaching methods. After the grants expired, the school took over funding and added the computer program. Teachers from all over North Carolina visit the center in Winston-Salem to attend workshops and demonstrations.
The emphasis at the center is on pro- gramming - Logo for grades one through six, BASIC for grades eight and nine. "The interesting thing about it," says Bologna, "is that when the kids come in after school, they use Logo." In fact, that language offers so many possibilities that the school really hasn't found much need for packaged software. Students invent their own games and experiment endlessly.
In one case, Bologna presented students with an imaginary situation and let them create it on
NEWf > **j^ LOWER PRICES LONGER LENGTHS
DATA TRAC I C-06, C-12, C-24
From the leading supplier of Computer Grade Cassettes, new. longer length C-12's (6 minutes per side) provide the extra few (eet needed for some 16K programs.
Premium 5-screw shell with leader — BASF tape
Internationally acclaimed. Thousands of repeat users.
Error Free • Money back Guarantee
0>
|
C-06 |
C-12 |
C-24 |
HARD BOX |
|
|
1 Dozen |
7.00 |
7.50 |
9.00 |
2.50 |
|
2 Dozen |
13.00 |
14.00 |
17.00 |
4.00 |
|
^p.fkt 500 C-12's 38?: each oO^i-^""^ Shipping S 17.00/500 ^---^"^ w/labels add 4C w/boxes add 1 5« |
TRACTOR FEED • DIE-CUT MW?jj:Myi BLANK CASSETTE LABELS
'■ S3.00/100 S20.00/1000
CASSETTE STORAGE CADDY
Ho'ds 12 casseltas w/o boxes
Includss edge labels
and Index can) S2^^
BASF QUALIMETRIC FLEXI-DISC
("Si))''! ^'^' SSDD, Soft Seel, \^^//j Lifelime warranty!
$26.95/10 $120.00/50 $215.00/100
MICRO CASSETTES In convenient short lengths
|
MC-10 |
MC-20 |
MC-30 |
|
|
1 Doz |
1650 |
1800 |
1900 |
|
2Doz |
32 SO |
34 50 |
36 00 |
Same supefKy tape in pfemium shell with Iqadars- tnchjdes box.
SHIPPINGIHANDLING S3.50
Any quantity (except 500 special)
NOTE: Outside 48 Conlin. Stales sliipping S3.5D PLUS $1 per caddy; per dozen cas- settes or dozen bones: per 10 discs
In Conl. U.S. shipments are by UPS unless Parcel Post requested.
California residents add Sales Tai
WRITE FOR FREE BROCHURE ASK FOR QUANTITY DISCOUNTS
for IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT -SA^ on Credit Card Orders
Call 213/710-143tf
VORK lO'Computeruiore
24573 Xittriilge St., CM. Canoga Park.U 91307
EDUCATORS PREFER GROUP LEARNING WITH EDUPRO SOFTWARE
Here's what educators say about Edupro's multi-user software:
"/ have one microcomputer in my classroom. Willi Microgroup programs, more chtidrer) have a chance to use It each day. " T G. , Dallas
"Sometimes children compete for the highest score. Other times they cooperate to 'beat the clock'. The slower ones learn from the faster ones. No one gets stuck. " C. R, Cupertino
"The !\J\icrogroup programs offer the kids a lot of variety. My kids use the Storybook Theme programs. Each program has four learning games. It's easy for the kids to switch back and forth. " K, 6., Minneapolis
"/ like the idea of easy and hard problems in the same program. Children of different ages or ability levels can work together "
L. W, Tallatiassee
Group learning really works.
After the Edupro Microgroup 4-player and 8- player programs were introduced early in 1983, educators soon confirmed three advantages:
Efficiency. By allowing several children to use one microcomputer simultaneously, the Micro- group programs increase each child's time spent in computer-aided learning.
Effectiveness. Children leam effectively in groups. Older and more advanced students test their understanding by helping those who are slower Group learning stimulates divergent thinking. And it teaches the importance of worl<- ing together for a common goal.
Equity. Children differ in the learning situations they prefer Research shows that differences in gender, age, and culture underlie learning preferences. The Microgroup programs can be used by groups of varying sizes— even by a child alone.
Now available for Apple® Computers.
Two-player versions of many Edupro Atari® programs are now available for the Apple, with your choice of user-selected keyboard or joystick control. Other new programs available from Edupro are:
BASIC-Play. This is the most enjoyable com- puter literacy tool your students can use. Short BASIC programs are presented as completion problems in Edupro's familiar WORD-DRAW
format. After students have filled in the miss- ing elements of a program, it runs, delighting them with sound, graphics, puzzles, etc. Stu- dents can also change variables and observe different outcomes.
Don't worry if your students seem to be having fun. BASIC-Play is teaching them the essentials of Atari or Applesoft BASIC.
Oklahoma Run. The year is 1889. Your stu- dents are poised at the frontier of the Oklahoma Territory. When the run begins, each player stakes out a homestead. Ah, but no two home- steads are the same. Given location, soil, water, costs of supplies, and market prices, what should a player raise? What about drilling for oil? Will it be boom or bust?
This multi-user simulation helps students understand the interrelated nature of land use decisions. Screen graphics include aerial views of the homesteads.
Rrst Base (a single-user program}. Children are collectors. They collect stamps, coins, base- ball cards, and more. Children need a database management program, but a simpler, friendlier one than adults use. First Base has been designed for ease of use, yet it offers flexibility in record storage, retrieval, and display
First Base comes with a sample file of baseball stars and their statistics. Fun to use, simple to learn from.
Share the excitement of group learning with software from Edupro. Ask for Edupro products for Atari and Apple computers al your local soft- ware dealer, or write to:
Edupro
PO. Box 51346
Palo Alto, CA 94303
415-494-2790 Dealer inquiries invited
Atan is a trademarii ot ATARI Inc. Appte is a trademark o( Apple Computer. Inc.
the screen. "A plane waslostand needed a landing field," she told them, so they made a long rec- tangle. Then she asked, "Where's the terminal?" and finally, "Where's the door to the terminal?" When they were done, the students had created a whole airport.
The kindergarten students use a Big Trac programmable toy to help them visualize Logo. They can make Big Trac perform the same sort of maneuvers on the floor that the Logo "turtle" does on the screen. This gives them a real feel for some of the ideas behind Logo and a head start when they encounter Logo in later grades.
In some cases, it's harder to interest teachers than it is to interest students. "We don't have ■quite as much teacher involvement as we would like," says Bologna. "They haven't been able to feel comfortable in situations where they aren't the authority. But, really, that's one of the beauties of the whole thing. We all make mistakes." And part of what makes computers unique in schools is that they arc new to everyone. There's a possi- bility of mutual discovery that can allow teacher and student to share the learning experience. "That's part of Papert's philosophy," says Bologna.
A Resource Center
Eventually, every class in the nation may have an array of computers, and teachers may be as famil- iar with their use as they are with gradebooks. But at present, computers are mysterious to many teachers. In fact, despite all the attention given lately to computer education, 47 percent of all schools still had no microcomputers for student instruction at the beginning of 1983, according to a national survey conducted at Johns Hopkins University.
But great strides have been made toward computer instruction, especially by schools with a computer center. The person in charge is often simply an innovator interested in microcomputers who initiated a shoestring program. Once such programs grow - possibly with the addition of full-time staff- the resources of state and federal agencies become more accessible. Staff members have the time to find out what help /.'; available. They can evaluate software and teaching methods while proceeding with the delicate task of intro- ducing both teachers and students to computing.
Paul Boston took advantage of his position as a teacher at a science center serving the public schools in Maryland's Prince Georges County to initiate a computer program there. Now, five years later, the center has 29 Commodores serving 60 pupils per day in a regular schedule of instruction.
Since the Howard B. Owens Science Center receives students from the other schools for special programs, Boston decided it would be cost- effective for the center to introduce micros. They
d& COMPUn! September 1983
purchased two of the earliest Commodore PETs, the ones with what Boston calls the "Munchkin" (calculator-style) keyboard. The program began with one-time, four-hour workshops for gifted students. Gradually it was refined and expanded into a resource for the whole school system.
As the center evolved, it was modified to respond to whatever computer activity was al- ready established in the individual schools. All the major computer brands are now represented at various schools, and the high school has pow- erful multi-terminal machines. The center now concentrates on introducing computers to younger students, primarily those in the third through sixth grades. Students younger than that require more time than the center has available. However, Boston says, a computer is needed in the class- room for these children so they can have time to become acquainted with it.
"We find that our students have a lot of mis- conceptions about computers," says Boston. "We try to correct these. The student should he familiar enough with computers to be able to utilize a pro- gram." When they are, Boston claims the young- sters "are not fooled easily about computers. When they see Knight Rider (a show with a com- puterized, talking car), they know computers don't really have emotions or many of the capabilities portrayed."
This approach puts the center firmly in the camp that emphasizes teaching about computers, as opposed to teaching programming or using computers to teach other subjects (CAI). "Com- puter programming will be done by the few, but nearly everyone will be using computers," says Boston. He believes the center's role is a transi- tional one that will be phased out as computers find their way into every classroom.
To broaden teacher awareness of computers, the center's instructors offer workshops on in- service training days. They help teachers become comfortable with computers and advise them about using computers in class. "For example," says Boston, "if they are going to do CAI we en- courage them to use students' talents, but to temper those abilities with their own educational judgment." Teachers may be intimidated because some of their students will take to computers more easily than they do. That's why people at the cen- ter feel it's important to acquaint people through- out the school system with computers.
Students arc growing up in an environment where banking machines, grocery stores, and business procedures are increasingly comput- erized. Teachers and resource groups like the Science Center are helping them prepare for it. In the process, they are learning themselves - evolving as they develop more effective methods for bringing computers and students together. Q
Play the
arcade games
that talk back!
What do Program Dssisn games include for free that other companies charge you hundreds of dol- lars for?
Tfie human voice.
Only Program Design software comes with a voice based cassette synchronized with your Atari com- puter. So now, you not only use your eyes and intel- lect to play one of our arcade games. You use your ears too. Visit your nearest software dealer and take a test listen.
DON'T PLAY 'CLIPPER' IF YOU CAN'T SWIM!
You're the captain of the clippership Flying Cloud. And there's never been a tousher sea challenge than your voyage from New York to San Francisco via Cape Horn.
As you cast off, the actual sound of old sea chanteys fills the air. But there's no time for singins, because you have to navigate through storms and icebergs. As if that wasn't enough, there's the constant danger of being thrown over board by a mutiny, so you better know how to swim. Remember, you're in charge, So pick your cargo, crew and course very carefully.
Defend 'moonbase io' and the president will thank you personally
The voice of mission control asks you to defend Moonbaselofroma horde of alien invaders. But first, you and your robot must navigate through mine fields. Moonbase lo combines three adventure games in one. And when your mission is completed the president will thank you personally (so mind your manners). Moonbase lo is the winner of the most innovative game award from Electronic Games magazine.
Clipper comes in 32K disk, cassette & joystick or 24K cas- sette & joystick. Moonbase lo comes in 24K disk, cassette and joystick or 16K cassette & joystick.
Program Desisn, Inc. 95 East Putnam Avenue, Greenwich, CT 06830
•Atari is a trademark of Atari, Inc.
PROGRAMS
WITH THE WORKS
>'10O% Piire!>nft,vafi
COMMODORE 64. VIC 20, ATARI 400/800/1200
Writing good programs is not on easy task. Introducing INSIDE BASIC, o series of we!l documented programs which Include; program overviews, suggested changes, line-by-line descriptions, listings, ond vari- able charts. Learn the workings of a well-designed program in order to create your own. There's some- thing for everyone— games, business applications, and educational programs.
KENTUCKY DERBY-$19.95: All the fun of a day at the races including hl-resolution graphics. You and your friends can have hours of enjoyment betting on your favorite horses and winning big bucks! You can even change the names of the horses for more fun.
FORM GENERATOR— $19.95: The preparation of forms can be a mess. With this easy-to-use program you can generate anything from labeis to invoices.
TASK ORGANIZER— S24.95: This useful program keeps you on top of your work schedule. Enter new tasks and projects with deadlines and track them through completion. Automatically lists jobs in priority order.
QUIZ ME— S1 4.95: This is the ideal program to demon- strate the computer's obiflty to present materials, ask questions, and score you. After learning this one, you can make a quiz for any subject.
ASK VOUR DEALiR OH ORDEil DIRECT: Specify program, crond of compuler, cassette or disk (add S500 for dislt). Senct check of fmoney order— add S2CK3 shipping and tiondling. C.O.D. and credit card orders call (215) 826-iI2S0 (add SI. 50 service charge). PA r^U residertts add 6% sates fox.
Commodore M arid VIC 20 are reeistered trademarks of Commodore Business Mochines Atar^ 400/800/1200 are trademarks of Atari, inc.
f COWUTER PBOOUCIS INC- HOO E. HECIOR SI. WHITEIVIARSH. PA. 1M2B (2(5) 82M250
Caves Of Ice
Marvin Bunker and Robert Tsuk
This award-winning game should provide hours of amusement. Originally written on the Apple, there arc also z'ersions here for VIC, 64, Atari, and PETICBM.
Robert Tsuk invented a game called "Quinti- Maze," wrote a version for tiie Apple, and won a prize in a BYTE magazine game contest - it was published in the September 1982 BYTE. It looked too intriguing to be limited to Apple owners, so 1 wrote a version called "Caves of Ice" which will run on all Commodore computers (VICs require 8K or more expansion memory). I contacted Robert Tsuk about submitting this version as a joint article to COMrUTE! where other Commodore computer owners could share it. He replied that he was converting it for the Atari. These games are the result of our joint efforts.
The Game Scenario
At the start you are somewhere in a five-story structure made entirely of ice. Each floor has 25 rooms in a five-by-five array. Carved into the walls of each room are one or more openings, doors to the north, south, east, west, up, or down. How- ever, you can see only the doors available to you from your present vantage point. Only one door in the building opens to the outside - it may be in a wall, the roof, or the floor of the building. Your goal is to get out as fast as possible. You could freeze inside these caves of ice.
You can change which direction you are facing at any time - complete instructions are included in the program.
After finding your way out, you are given the option of tiying the same maze and same starting point again to see if you can improve your time. Or, you can play again with a new random maze.
50 COMPUTE! September1983
A room loith five possible exits - only one of the rooms you may encounter in "Caves of Ice." VIC version.
Strategy
To quote from Robert Tsuk's earlier article: "The strategy for Quinti-Maze is fairly simple; be methodical. Because all the rooms in the maze look similar, you could wander around forever without finding the exit. My favorite method is to travel in one direction as far as I can go, then 1 assume I'm at one of the outside walls and search there for an exit."
A Variation
Insert this line at the beginning of either Program lor 2:
1X = RND(-Tr)
This initializes the random number generator with the same seed each time you RUN, so you'll always start with the same maze. You can have the sequence U,W,W,W,N,W,S,W committed to memory and amaze your friends with how rapidly you can find your way out. The figure shows the complete maze produced by this starting seed. Note: This seed produces a different maze on the VIC.
fl million laughs
vi Ant IfllllNbt You are the game-happy owner of the Spare Change Arcade. Two fun-loving, but overworked Zerks — the main characters in your most popular game — have bro- ken loose and are trying to retire from the business. You try madly to stop them, if you can get a coin into the juke Idox, the Zerks get so caught up in the music, they drop everything and start dancing. You also try popping popcorn and making a pay phone ring — which immediately makes the Zerks stop, answer and start a wild con versation. If you "win" the game, there are rib tickling cartoons by the Zerks to reward your efforts. It's a game full of sight gags, surprises and comedy From the best. Br0derbund! For the Apple® II, II -I- and lie. Coming soon for the Atari* home computers in disk format.
and an endless challenge
LODE RUNNEIf Here's a game that will never stop challenging you. That's because Lode Runner is more than a spellbinding, fast- action game with its 150 different mind-boggling game screens. Lode Runner is also an easy-to-use Game Generator that lets you create your own games. Without any knowledge of programming, you can easily design unique Lode Runnner screens, then bring them to action-packed
life. You will maneuver through scene
after scene, running, jumping, drilling passages and outfoxing enemy guards in a secret underground hide- away as you pick up chests of gold stolen from citizens of the Bungeling Empire. There's no end to the thrills, chills and challenge. Of course, it's from Br0derbundl For the Apple II, II -I- and He. Coming soon for the; Atari home computers (disk and cartridge}; Atari 5200^" Super System; Commodore 64'*; VIC-20™; IBM® PC.
Ask your Br0derbund dealer for sneak previews.
^BraderbundSoftujafB
Discover the Difference
1938 Fourth Street San Rafael, CA 94901
Apple II, II + , lie are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, inc. ATARI 400/800/t 200 and 5200, CoramodorE 64 and VIC-20 and IBM are trademarks ot Atari, Inc., Commodore Electronics, Ltd.. and Irtlernaiionai Business Uactiines ([Corporation, lespectively.
Maze Resulting From - TT Starting Seed
|
First Floor |
||||
|
u ' u ' u ' u 1 1 1 1 |
||||
|
u |
u |
u ' u |
I u u u |
|
|
u |
u u ■ 1 |
|||
|
u ' u ' |
||||
|
u 1 |
u u u 1 1 |
Second Floor
|
' u ' u |
u 'u |
|||
|
1 D 1 D |
D D |
|||
|
u ' u |
u |
u u |
||
|
D 1 u u |
u u |
|_D |
||
|
u |
D |
D D ^U u |
U |
|
|
D u |
D D, U |
U D u u |
||
|
D 1 D 1 D |
D 1 D |
|
Third Floor |
||||
|
U ' U ' U |
u ' u |
|||
|
|_D D |
D |
D |
||
|
U |
U |
u ' u ' u |
||
|
D |
D |
D |
D |
i_D |
|
U U |
U |
|||
|
D |
D 1 D |
D |
||
|
U |
u |
|||
|
D D D D u u u u""" |
_D U |
|||
|
D , 1 D 1 D 1 D |
Starting Room
Fourth Floor
Fifth Floor
Exit
|
D |
D |
1 D |
D |
[ 1 D |
|
|
D D |
D D |
||||
|
D D |
D |
D |
1 D |
||
|
r |
|||||
|
D |
1 D |
||||
|
D , D |
D |
D |
w
U = Up D = Down
Program Notes
In lines 1140 and 3005, the PRINT CHR$(7) state- ments produce beeps on the PET when you try to go through a solid wall and when you successfully find your way out. If you have a PET without the built-in beeper, but you do have the CB2 sound, you can replace these statements with the appropriate sequence of POKE statements to give the sound effects desired. VIC and 64 owners should replace the PRINT CHR${7) with the proper POKEs to produce sounds on their com- puters if they desire this feature.
In the INPUT statement in line 2001, following the INSTRUCTIONS are three shifted spaces fol- lowed by three left cursors. This is my favorite way to avoid the infamous PET INPUT crash.
Program 1 is Caves of Ice for the VIC (with 8K or more expansion memory) and 64. The only changes required to RUN on PET/CBM models are in the keys which must be typed to produce the graphics in lines 120-151. Program 2 lists these changes for the PET. The graphics are not directly accessible from models with "business style" keyboards. Refer to your manuals for the equiva- lent CHRS codes. Newer CBM models may also require the addition of a line such as:
5 PRINT CHR$(142)
to put them into graphics mode.
52 COMPUTE! September 1983
Program 1: Caves Ot ice - vie And 64
BEGINNING PROGRAMMERS If you're new to computing, please read "How To Type COMPUTEI's Programs" and "A Beginner's Guide To Typing In Programs."
10 R$="123 RIGHT]"
20 D$="i23 DOWN}"
25 PRINT" CCLRl"
90 GOSUB2000
100 DIMFC(5,7),FC$(5)
FC$Cl)="NORTH":FC$(2)="SOUTH":FC$(3)
=" EAST":FC?(4)=" WEST"
F0RB=1T04 : F0RI=lTO6 : READFC (B, I ) :NEXT
:NEXT
GOT0155
PRINT" {CLR] E20 @3EdOWN]{LEFT}N
[down] {2 leftJnIdown) (2 leftJnTdown]
[2 LEFT]N"
PRINT" [home] {down] [ RIGHT ]m{ DOWN] M
{D0WN]m{D0WN]ME12 @^"
PRINT "Thome 1 I DOWN] " ; : F0RI = 1T018 : PRIN
T"iM| {down} [LEFT]"; : NEXT: PRINT"
Eup] {right}n{up}n{up]n{up}n{up}";
PRINT "%G^ " ; :FORI=lT09 : PRINT" {UP } ElEFT] |G3"; :NEXT
PRINT " { HOME } " ; LEFT$ ( D$ , 1 9 ) ; " E M E {RVS}{20 SPACES} (OFFJEgHlEFTKup)
EleftImEup} {2 left}m{up}E2 LEFT}M Eup] {2 left}m"
PRINT "{ HOME ]"^LEFT$(D$, 15); LEFT? (R$, 5
105
110
115 120
121
122
123
124
125
WHILE OTHER COMPUTER COMPANIES
ARE BUSY SETTING NEW PRICES, ^ SPECTRAVIDEO IS BUSY SETTING Pp new STANDARDS.
MSX™ and LOGO"': Two more reasons why spectravideo is leading the way in Personal computers.
While price wars and confusion reign all Ground us, Spectravideo goes about its business, setting stan- dards bv which! all other personal computers will soon be judged. MSX and LOGO are the two latest ex- amples of tiow Spectravideo is rocking-and reshaping -the personal computer industiy.
MSX AND LOGO.
It is now history thot, on June 15 1983. Spectra- video, Inc. joined with most o( Japan's largest electronics firms to launch fVISX: The most far-reaching personal computer standard in history. MSX is the name given to a specific hardware/software con- figuration that makes product inlerchangeability possible. While Spectravideo is proud lo participate in MSX, we are even prouder of this fact; It was our own SV-31 B computer that was used as o prototype for the MSX design! There are (wo important aspects to this.
First, all future MSX hardware-I.e. computers, peripherals, appliances-will be based on several key design elements of the SV-3 1 8. What does this mean lo you, the consumer? A great deal, because when you buy an SV-31 8, you will not only be able to use all of Spectravideo's own software and hord- ware-you'll also be able to take advantage of all the remarkable new equipment that will be coming from other MSX participants.
In addition, the software aspect of MSX was largely inspired by the softwore built into the SV-31 8. From the outset, Spectravideo offered built-in Micro- soft BASIC as its resident Interpreter. Now, Microsoft also makes a LOGO program compatible with the SV-31 8. It was Spectravideo's Microsoft BASIC/LOGO that helped to make MSX possible.
Another standard that Spectravideo can take credit for is the built-in Joystick/Cursor Control. Built right into the SV console, this control is always at fingertips and is much easier and faster to use than external joysticks or conventional editing controls.
Certain engineering elements that helped to make this built-in control possible have also been incor- porated into IVISX,
OTHER STANDARDS OF EXCELLENCE.
While these are the computer standardizations thot Spectravideo helped to initiate, they by no means represent the whole SV-31 8 story. This remarkable computer has also established many standards of excellence that other personal com- puters now aspire to:
■ Buinin Super fxtended Microsoft BASIC-Makes the SV-3 18 the first truly programmable affordable computer!
m extraordinary Memorr-32K ROtiA expandable lo 96K, and 32K RAM expandable (via bank switctiing)lo an amazing 256K.
m Unparalleled Cxpartdabimy-A full supporting system of 14 peripherals, including our new Colecovision">^ Game Adapter. 7 Slot Expander Unit, Floppy Disk Drive, Data Cassette, Interface Cartridges, etc.
m More Avallabte Sotlware-Built-in CP/M compafibility CiVe5 you immediate access to over 3000 existing soft, ware programs. Plus, you can Utilize Spectravideo's own fine software library.
a Advanced Graphics Capabimtes-Ttie SV-3t8 offers 16 colors in tvgfi resolution, and more Imporfantty, 32 pro- grammable sprites Itiat allow tremendous control ot movable screen objects
m Many other fine features-Such as Z80A mcroprocessar with last (3.6) internal clock, lop-loading cartridge slot. lO user-programmable special function keys, 3 sound channels (8 octaves per channel!), low profile and attractive styling.
^3?^sjxuii/tne/7.
Computer systems you'll grow into, not out of.
compntlble toflware (tandard
CPfM is a traOemarti ot MSX, Microsoft LOGO
■h of Coieco Indi J BASIC is a tradema* of Microsoft Corporalion ^
-i-'.^^- FOR UNDER $300.
-■^"'^"^ FOR ICEYBOAr?0 OJLY
SPSCTRA VMOmCLMW. 37111 ar»». Now Vcxk. N.Y. 10018
WESTKXOURG
THISUND
^
■A'
^■
^"ti^
S
.JK^^
RAPHKS WHERE ONTSHMJ
w
-k
You'll never see Infocom s gi^phics on any computer screen. Because there's never been a computer built by man that could handle the images we pro- duce. And, there never will be. We draw our gi:aphics from the limit- less imager}' of your imagination— a technology so powerful, it makes any pictui'e that's ever come out of a screen look like graffiti by comparison. And nobody knows how to unleash your imag- \, ^Hl^ ination like Infocom. Through our prose, j'our imagination makes you part of our stories, in con-, trol of what you do and where you go— 3'et unable to pre- dict or control the course of events. You're confronted with situations and logical puzzles the like of which you won't find elsewhere. And you're im- mersed in rich environments alive with personalities as real as any you'll meet in the flesh— yet all the more \d\qd because they're perceived directly by your mind's eye, not through yoiu' external senses. The method to this magic? We've found the way to plug our prose right into your psyche, and catapult you into a whole new dimension.
Take some tough critics' words about our words. SOFTALK, for example, called ZORK® Ill's prose
"fai- more graphic than any depiction yet achieved by an adventure with graphics." And the NEW YORK TIMES saw fit to print that our DEADLINE"' is "an amazing feat of programming." Even a journal as ^ddeo-oriented as ELEC- TRONIC GAMES found Infocom prose to be such an eye-opener they named one of our games their Best Adventure of 198,3.
Better still, bring an Infocom game home with you. Discover firsthand why thousands upon thousands of discriminating game plaj'ers keep turning everything we write into instantaneous bestsellers.
Step up to Infocom. All wwds. No graffiti. The secret reaches of your mind are beckoning. A whole new dimension is in there waiting for you.
ALOCKEDDOORAEEADMAK
The next dimension.
Infocom, Inc., 55 Wheeler St.. Cambridge, MA 02138
For vour: Apple II. A:an. Commodore ftl. CIVM ^: [>EC Rainbow, DEC KT.ll. IRM. S'EC AK. NEC K'-SOOO, Osbonic I. Tl Prnfessional, TH&KI .VIodel 1. TRS-SO Model ril.
p.
64 version.
) • "E 12 TE "
126 PRINT"lH0MEl";LEFT$(R?,21)r :F0RI=1T0 18: PRINT" { down! gGi (LEFT} "; :NEXT
127 PRINT"{H0ME}";LEFT$(R$,17) ;LEFT$(D$, ' 5) ; : FORI=l TOl 0 : PRINT "iG§{ DOWN}
{LEFT}"; :NEXT
129 RETURN
130 PRINT "{HOME} " ; LEFT? ( R? , 8 ) ; "(DOWN}
E6 (a3{DOWNJ{6 left3mEg3
[2 SPACES }Em3n{D0WnTC 5 LEFT} §4 T3" : RETURN 135 PRINT" [HOME} " ; LEFT$ (D$ , 16 ) ;LEFT$CR$, 9);"E4 @|{D0WN}{5 LEFT}NiG3 [2 SPACES} §MiM{ down! {6 LEFT} ^6 t3": RETURN
140 PRINT"IhOME}";LEFT${D$,7) r"[RIGHT} "; : F0RI = 1T01 1 : PRINT" gME { DOWN} f LEFT J "
; : NEXT: PRINT "[RIGHT} [3 UP}E@3@"
141 PRINT"[H0ME}";LEFT$(D$,9);"[2 RIGHT] ET^P"; ;F0RI=1T05: PRINT" [down} [LEFT}Em3"; :NEXT
142 PRINT " {home}", -LEFT? (D$, 7); "(2 RIGHT} M{D0WN}M": RETURN
145 PRINT" [HOME } " ; LEFT$ ( D? , 7 ) ; LEFT$ ( R$ , 9 );"E4 @3[D0WN}[5 LEFT)gM3M
E2 @3nEG§"; :F0RI=1T05
146 PRINT" {down} [6 LEFTJBM^ IG^EM^
gGi"; :NEXT: PRINT" {down} [6 LEFT} EM3Ni2 tEMEg3": RETURN
150 PRINT" {home} " ; LEFT? {D$ , 7 ) ,- LEFT? ( R? , 1 9); "NiG3[DOWN}[3 LEFT}N gG^
[DOWN} [3 LEFT}0ETEgG3"; :F0RI=1T0 5
151 PRINT" [DOWN} [3 LEFT}iG3 EGi";:NE XT:PRINT"{DOWN}[3 LEFT}LB@3gG3 [DOWN} [LEFT} iG3 [DOWN} {LEFT}iG3": RETURN
155 DIMS?{6,6)
165 F0RA=lTO5:FORX=lTO5:F0RY=lTO5
170 IFA<>5ANDRND(1)<.8THENS?(X,A)=S?{X,A
)+"O":GOTO180 175 S?(X,A)=S?CX,A)+"X" 180 IFMID$(S?(X,A-1), CY-1)*6+1,1)="0"THE
NS?(X,A)=S?(X,A)+"O":GOTO190 185 S?CX,A)=S${X,A)+"X" 190 IFY-2<0GOTO200 195 IFMID$CS?(X,A), (Y-2)*6+4,l)="0"THENS
$(X,A)=S${X,A)+"0" :GOTO205 200 S$(X,A)=S?(X,A)+"X" 205 IFY<>5ANDRND(1)<.8THENS$(X,A)=S$(X,A
)+"0" :GOT0215 210 S$(X,A)=S?{X,A)+"X" 215 IFX<> 5 ANDRND ( 1 ) < . STHENS? ( X , A) =3? ( X, A
)+"0":GOTO225 220 S?(X,A)=S$(X,A)+"X" 225 IFMID?(S?(X-1,A) , ( Y-1 ) *6+5 , 1 }="0"THE
NS$(X,A)=S?(X,A)+"0":GOT0235 230 S?(X,A)=S?{X,A)+"X" 235 NEXT: PRINT"*" ; :NEXT:NEXT 240 X=INT ( RND ( 1 ) *3 ) + 2 : Y=I NT ( RND ( 1 ) * 3 ) +2 :
A=INT(RND(l)*3)+2 245 RD=rNT(RND(l)*6)+l;ONRDGOTO2 50,2 5 5,2
60,265,270,275
250 A=5:P1?=LEFT?(S?{X,A) , {Y-l)*6) :L=29- LEN(P1?) :P2?=RIGHT?{S?(X,A) ,L)
251 S?(X,A)=P1$+"O"+P2$:GOTO290
255 A=1:P1?=LEFT$(S?{X,A) , (Y-l)*6+l) :L=2 9-LEN(Pl?) ;P2?=RIGHT?(S?CX,A),L)
256 S?(X,A)=P1?+"O"+P2?:GOTO290
260 Y=5:P1?=LEFT$(S$(X,A) , (Y-l)*6+3) : L=2 9-LEN(Pl?) :P2?=RIGHT?(S$CX,A),L)
261 S$(X,A)=P1?+"O"+P2?:GOTO290
265 Y=1:P1?=LEFT?{S?(X,A), (Y~l)*6+2) :L=2 9-LEN(Pl?) :P2?=RIGHT?CS?(X,A),L)
266 S?(X,A}=P1$+"O"+P2?:GOTO290
2 70 X=5:P1?=LEFT?(S?(X,A), (Y-l)*6+4) ;L=2
9-LEN(Pl$) ;P2$=RIGHT?(SS{X,A),L) 271 S$(X,A)=P1$+"O"+P2$:GOTO290
275 X=1:P1?=LEFT?(S?(X,A) , (Y-l)*6+5) :L=2 9-LEN(Pl$}:P2?=RIGHT?(S?(X,A),L)
276 S? (X, A)=Pl?+"0"+P2? :GOTO290
290 PRINT: PRINT: PRINT "HIT [ RVS } RETURN
[OFF} TO START" 300 GETC?:IFC$=""GOTO300 1000 X=INT(RND(1)*5)+1:Y=INT(RNDCI)*5)+1
:A=INT(RND(1)*5)+1 1005 SX=X:SY=Y:SA=A 1010 FC=1:TI$="000000":GOTO1220 1020 PRINT" [ HOME } " ; LEFT? { D? , 20 ) ; LEFT? ( R?
, 16 ) " I RVS } " ; FC$ { PC ) : A?= " " : 0=0 1030 TX?=TI?:TP?=LEFT?(TX?,2)+"; "+MID?(T
X?,3,2)+": "+RIGHT?{TX$,2) 1040 PRINT "[HOME}"; LEFT? (D$, 20);" {RVSIt
IME=";TP?; "{2 SPACES}" 1050 GETA?
1060 IFA?="U"THEND=1 1070 IFA?="D"THEND=2 1080 IFA$="N"THEND=3 1090 IFA?="S"THEND=4 1100 IFA?="E"THEND=5 1110 IFA?="W"THEND=6 1120 IFA?="F"GOTO1280 1130 IFD=0GOTO1020 1140 IFMID?CS?(X,A), (Y-1)*6+D,I)<>"0"THE
NPRINTCHR?(7) :GOTO1020 1150 ONDGOTOl 160, 11 70, 1180, 1190, 1200, 1210 1160 A=A+1:GOTO1220 1170 A=A-1:GOTO1220 1180 Y=Y-1:GOTO1220 1190 Y=Y+1:GOTO1220 1200 X=X+1:GOTO1220 1210 X=X-1 1220 IFX>50RX<10RY>50RY<10RA>50RA<1THENP
RINT"YOU WIN. PLAY AGAIN? " :G0T03 000 1230 GOSUB120 1240 F0RII=1T06:IFMID?(S?(X,A), (Y-l}*6+I
56 COMPUTE September1983
^saysyou
cant beat GridrunneK
Gridrunner™is the toughest, fastest, arcade quality game ever to challenge a Commodore™ or Atari® computer owner.
How tough is Gridrunner? So tough that Harare™ is offering $5 just for taking the Gridrunner challenge. And you don't even have to beat the game to get the greenbacks. There's a check right inside every Gridrunner box, good for $5 off your next HesWare purchase. You spend your check right in the store, on your choice of exciting HesWare action, education, and computer utility programs. Even HesWare peripherals.
No one, not even the author, has ever reached even the 14th level of Gridrunner. But maybe you've got what it takes to go all the way to the 31st level (20 levels on VIC 20™ version). Maybe you can master the patterns of the X/Y Zappers. And stop the Gridsearch Droids before they mutate into lethal Pods.
The Gridrunner challenge. Just one of the ways that HesWare is expanding the computer experience. Look for all the HesWare products at your favorite software retailer.
Pleases the tough
VIC 20 and Commodore 64 are trademarks ot Ccmmodore Electrariu Ltd. Atari '" is a trademark of Atari , Inc.
1250
1260 1270
1280
1281 1282
1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 2000
2001
2002 2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 2020
2030
2040
2050
2051 2060
2062
2100
2101 3000
3005
3010 3020 3030 3032 3033 3034 3035 3036 3040 4000
I,1)="X"THBNNEXT:GOTO1020 R=FC(FC,II)+1
ONRGOSUB125,130,135,140,145,150 NEXT:GOTO1020
PRINT" [HOME} ";LEFT$(D$, 22) ; "NEW FAC ING, N,S,E,W"; GETC$ : IFC$=" "GOTO1280
IFC$<>"N"ANDC$<> "S"ANDC$<> "E"ANDC$< >"W"GOT01281
PRINTC$ : IFC$="N"THENFC=1 IFC$="S"THENFC=2 IFC$="E"THENFC=3 IFC?="W"THENFC=4 GOTO1220
PRINTLEFT$ ( D$ , 8 ) ; LEFT$ ( R$ , 5 ) ; " { RVS j CAVES OF ICE [off]"
PRINT" {3 DOWN 3 DO YOU WANT" : INPUT "IN STRUCTI0NS{3 SPACES} [3 LEFT } " ; Y? IFLEFT? ( Y$ , 1 ) <> "Y"THENGOTO2100 PRINT" {CLR} THE OBJECT OF { RVS } CAVES [off] "; PRINT "IS TO FIND YOUR WAY" PRINT"OUT OF A 5X5X5 CUBIC" : PRINT"M AZE. IN ONE OF THE
PRINT "ROOMS THERE IS AN EXIT": PRINT "OUT OF THE MAZE.
PRINT:PRINT"YOU MUST TRY TO FIND IT ":PRINT"IN THE MINIMUM TIME. PRINT"THE COMMANDS ARE :" PRINT" { RVS }U [OFF] - UP; [RVS]s{qff}
- SOUTH; ": PRINT" [RVS }D {off] - DOWN ; [RVS}e{OFF} - EAST; PRINT" [RVS }N [off] - NORTH; {RVS}W [off] - WEST; "
PRINT" [ RVS ]F [off] TO CHANGE FACING. PRINT: PRINT"HIT [RVS } RETURN {OFF 3 TO
GO ON. GETC$ : IFC$=" "GOTO2051
PRINT" ( CLR] [RVS ]f{OFF} WILL COME BA CK WITH A": PRINT "QUESTION AS TO WHI CH
PRINT"FACING you WISH. HIT":PRINT"0 NLY ONE KEY"; PRINT "AND { RVS } RETURN
[off] "
print:print"please wait about 30" :p
r1nt"sec0nds while i set up": print"
THE MAZE.
RETURN
PRINT" {3 SPACES] [RVS] Y[ OFF] OR
{rvs}n[off5?"
fori=1to10;printchr$(7) ; :next getc$ % ifc$ = " "goto3010 ifc$<>"y"andc$<>"n"goto3010 ipc$="n"thenstop
PRINT"SAME MAZE {RVS}S{0FF] OR
PRINT"NEW MAZE [RVS }n[OFF} ? "
GETC$:IFC$=""GOTO3034
IFC$<>"S"ANDC$<> "N"GOTO3034
IFC?="N"GOT0165
X=SX : Y=SY : A=SA : GOTOl 010
DATAl ,2,4,0,5,3,1,2,0,4,3,5,1,2,3,5
,4,0,1,2,5,3,0,4
121 PRINT "[HOME] {down} { RIGHT ]m[DOWN]M { DOWN ] M { DOWN ]M?$$$??????g$"
122 PRINT"ThOME] [down] "; : F0RI=1T018 : PRIN T"_;_[D0WN] {left} "; ; NEXT: PRINT "{UP} {RIGHT]n{UP]n{UP}n{UP}n[UP} ";
123 PRINT "%_"; :F0RI = 1T09: PRINT "[up] {LEFT] \" ; :NEXT
124 PRINT" [H0ME]";LEFT$(D$,19) ; "_;_{RVS]
[ 20 spaces ] { off 3 % { left ] { up ] [ left } m {up5{2 left}m[upT(2 left}m{up}
[2 LEFT}M"
125 .PRINT" {home] "LEFT$(D$, 15) ;LEFT$CR$,5
) ; "»##*#»»#»##*"
126 PRINT " { HOME ] " ; LEFT$ ( R? , 21 ) ; : F0RI=1T0 18:PRINT" {D0WN}%^{LEFT} "; ;NEXT
127 PRINT " { HOME ] " ; LEFT$ ( R? , 1 7 ) ; LEFT$ ( D? , 5) ; :FORI = 1TO10:PRINT"%^{DOWN] {LEFT} "; iNEXT
129 RETURN
130 PRINT " { HOME 3 " ; LEFT? ( R? , 8 ) ; " [ D0WN]$$$ $?$[D0WN]{6 LEFT]M%{2 spaces] 'N TdOWN3[5 left ]####": return
135 PRINT" [home] ";LEFT$(D$,16) ;LEFT$(R$, 9);"$?$${D0WN}{5 LEFT3N%{2 SPACES]J;_M [DOWNTTe LEFT }######"; RETURN
140 PRINT " [ HOME 5 " ; LEFT$ ( D$ , 7 ) ; " { RIGHT } " ; :F0RI=1T011:PRINT"_;_{D0WN3{LEFT}"; :NE XT:PRINT"{RIGHT3 [3 UP } $ ; "
141 PRINT"[HOME}";LEFT$(D$,9); "[2 RIGHT} #£"; :F0RI = 1T05: PRINT "[DOWN] [LEFT]_;^"; :NEXT
142 PRINT"[HOME]";LEFT§(D$,7);"{2 RIGHT} M[D0WN3m" : return
145 PRINT " { HOME 3 " ; LEFT$ ( D$ , 7 ) ; LEFT? ( R$ , 9 );"$$$$ {DOWN} [5 LEFT] 'M?$N%"; iFORI-l TO 5
146 PRINT" {down} {6 LEFT] ^ %_;_%"; :NEXT : PR INT "[DOWN] [6 LEFT] ' N##M%" : RETURN
150 PRINT"lHOMEj " ; LEFT$ (D$ , 7 ) ;LEFT$ (R$,l 9) ; "N%{D0WN3 [3 LEFT }N %[ DOWN]
{3 LEFT}0#%"; :F0RI=1T05
151 PRINT" {DOWN} {3 LEFT] %%"; :NEXT: PRINT "{DOWN} [3 LEFT } L$%{ DOWN 3 [LEFT] %_
{ DOWN } [ LEFT ] % " : RETURN
Program 2:
Caves Of !ce - Changes For PET/CBM
120 PRINT" [CLR] $$$$$$???$?$?$?$$?$
[DOWN] {LEFT}N[DOWNj [2 LEFT}N[D0WN3
{2 left]n{down} t2 left3n"
Use the handy
reader service cards
in the bacl< ot the
magazine for
intormation on
products advertised in
COMPUTE!
58 COMPim! September 1983
If our
word processing software
is so great, why are we
giving it away?
It's our way of introducing you to DATA 20.
As the leader in price/performance peripherals for Commodore 64"-' and VIC 20,™ we want you as a loyal cus- tomer So to encourage you to sample our add-ons, we're giving away our WORD MANAGER soft- ware when you purchase any DATA 20 DISPLAY MANAGER or VIDEO PAK to expand your Commodore to 80 columns.
What's so great about WORD MANAGER?
The table tells the tale. This DATA 20 exclusive gives you powerful features found only on the most expensive word processing systems including mail merge, block move, search and replace. And we've written our word processing in machine language for fast execution and low memory requirements.
Compare the Top Three
WORD MANAGER
WordPro*
Quick Brown Fox'"
* Most standard serial or parallel printers require interface, not supplied.
Best of all, WORD MANAGER is exceptionally easy to use. A self-adhesive feature strip for function keys makes
most commands one- key simple, eliminating awkward prompts and menus.
What you see is what you print.
With our professional 80-column format, your printed product duplicates screen output
precisely You see center-
ing, left justification and
other features as they
will print. So you'll save
time, save paper and __
get the exact results
you want! " ' '
WORD MANAGER is really something— for nothing! Get it free with your DISPLAY MANAGER or VIDEO PAK from DATA 20. See your dealer or write: DATA 20 CORPORATION, 23011 Moulton Parkway, Suite B10, Laguna Hills, CA 92653.
DMA
COnpOKATtOM
Price/Performance Peripherals
Commodore 64 and VIC 20 are trademarks of Commodore Electronics, Ltd. Quick Brown Fox is a trademark ol Quick Brown Fox. WordPro is a registered trademarlt of Professional Software, Inc.
'Caves of Ice" Atari version.
Program 3: caves Of ice -Atari Version
10 GOTO 100
15 L=PEEK (708) : POKE 708 , PEEK ( 7 1 0 ) : PO KE 710, L
16 B=B+AB: IF B=l OR B=5 THEN AB=ABt-
1
17
T=T+INT (RND <0) »3-l ) : IF T< 1 THEN T
= 5 IB IF T>S THEN T=l
20 SPaT=6*X+30«Y+150*A+I : RETURN 30 COLOR 1 32 ? #6; " {CLEAR> " : PLOT 0,0:DRAWTO 59
,29:DRAWT0 59 , 1 29 : DR AWTD 259,129:
DRAWTQ 259, 29: DRAWTO 59, 29: PLOT 3
19,0:DRAWTD 259,29 35 PLOT 319, 159: DRAWTO 259,129:PLOT
0,159:DRAWTO 59,129;PLQT 0,159:DR
AWTO 319, 159: SETCOLOR 2,A+11,10:R
ETURN 40 PLOT 129,9:DRAWT0 189,9:DRAWT0 17
9,19:DRAWTD 1 39 , 1 9 : DRAWTO 129, 9:P
LOT 139,9:DRAWTO 139,19:PL0T 179,
9:DRAWT0 179, 19 A5 RETURN 50 PLOT 129, 149: DRAWTO 1 89 , 1 49 : DRAWT
O 179, 139: DRAWTO 1 39 , 139 : DRAWTO 1
29,149:PLQT 1 39, 1 39 : DRAWTO 139,14
9 55 PLOT 179, 139: DRAWTO 179 , 1 49 : RETUR
N 60 PLOT 279, 59: DRAWTO 309 , 49 : DRAWTO
309, 154: DRAWTO 279 , 1 39 : DRAWTO 279
,59rDRAWTD 309,59:PLOT 279,139 65 DRAWTO 309, 1 39: RETURN 70 PLOT 9,49;bRAWTD 39,59:DRflWT0 39,
139:DRAWTO 9,154:DRAWT0 9,49:PLaT 9,59:DRAWTD 39,59:PL0T 9,139 75 DRAWTO 39 , 1 39: RETURN 80 PLOT 129, 59: DRAWTO 1 39 , 59 ; DRAWTO 189, 129: DRAWTO 1 29, 1 29 : DRAWTO 129 ,S9:DRAWTD 1 39 , 69 : DRAWTO 179,69 82 DRAWTO 1 79 , 1 1 9 : DRAWTO 139,119:DRA
WTO 139,69:PL0T 1 79 , 69 : DRAWTO 189 ,59:PLOT 1 89 , 1 29 : DRAWTO 179,119:P
LOT 129, 129 85 DRAWTO 1 39 , 1 1 9 : RETURN 90 RETURN 100 DIM A*(750) ,G*<1) ,FC(4, 6) ,SC«(20
160
170
190 191 192 193 195 200 210
215 220 230 250
255
260
|
270 |
|
280 |
|
290 |
|
295 |
|
300 |
|
305 |
|
310 |
|
315 |
|
320 |
|
330 |
|
335 |
|
340 |
|
345 |
|
350 |
|
355 |
|
360 |
|
370 |
|
375 |
|
380 |
|
385 |
|
390 |
|
400 |
|
410 |
|
420 |
|
500 |
|
510 |
0> : A* (750) ="0" ; FOR 1=20 TO 192 S TEP 1 1 : set ( I ) ="->PJill»gli<.'<-" ;NFXT
I SC« ( 1 , 19) ='• <19 SPACES J ": SC« (LEN(S C«)+l)="<:i0 SPACES}" GOSUB 3000
FDR FC=i TO 4:FOR 1=1 TO 6:READ A: FC <FC, I ) =A: NEXT I : NEXT FC X=0 Y = 0 A = 0
GOSUB 250
IF RND(0)<0.7 AND A<4 THEN I=1:G OSUB 20: At (SPOT, SPOT) =■' X " IF RND(0)<0,7 AND X<4 THEN I=3:G OSUB 20: A* (SPOT, SPOT) =" X " IF RND(0)<0.7 AND Y<4 THEN I=5:G OSUB 20: A» (SPOT, SPOT) ="X" IF A>0 THEN A=A~1 : 1=1 :60SUB 20:A =A+1:IF A* (SPOT, SPOT) ="X" THEN I = 2:G0SUB 20 : A* ( SPOT , SPOT ) = " X " IF X>0 THEN X=X-1 : 1=3: BOSUB 20:X = X-f-l:IF At (SPOT, SPOT) ="X" THEN I =4:G0SUB 20 : A* ( SPOT , SPOT ) = " X " IF Y>0 THEN Y=Y-1 : 1=5: GOSUB 20:Y =Y+1:IF At (SPOT, SPOT) ="X" THEN I =6:GOSUB 20 : A* ( SPOT , SPOT ) = " X " A=A+1:IF A<5 THEN 115 Y=Y+1:IF Y<5 THEN 110 X=X+1:IF X<5 THEN 109 SOUND 0, 0, 0, 0: SOUND 1,0,0,0 GOTO 300
GOSUB 30:FOR Q=l TO 6:I=Q GOSUB 20: IF At (SPOT , SPOT )<>" X " T HEN 230
I=FC (F, Q)
ON I BOSUB 40,50,60,70,80,90 NEXT Q: RETURN
L=PEEK(70B) ;POKE 708, PEEK (709) :P DKE 709, PEEK (710) :POKE 710, L SOUND 0, BASS (0, B) , 10, 10: SOUND 1, TREBLE (D, T) , 10, 14
B = B + AB: IF B=l THEN 0 = O+ 1 : AB= 1 : I F 0=4 THEN 0=1
IF B=5 THEN AB=AB*-1
T=T+INT (RND (0) «3-l ) : IF T>5 THEN
T=l
IF T<1 THEN T=5
RETURN
OPEN #1 , 4,0, "K: '■
GRAPHICS 8
X = INT (RND (0) «5)
Y=INT (RND (0) «5)
A=INT (RND (0) *5)
I=INT <RND (0) «6+l > : ON I GOTO 335,
340, 345, 350, 355, 360
A=4: GOTO 370
A=0:GDTO 370
X=4:B0T0 370
X=0:GOTO 370
Y=4:GaTa 370
Y = 0
GOSUB 20: At (SPOT, SPOT) ="X" : SX=X:
SY=Y:SA=A
X=INT (RND (0) *5)
Y=INT (RND (0) »5)
A=INT (RND (0) *5)
POKE 19,0:POKE 20,0
POKE 752, 1 ; SETCOLOR 1,0,0
F=1:GDSUB 200
SETCOLOR 1,0,0
IF PEEK ( 764) =255 THEN 1000
GET «1 , G: Gt=CHRt (G)
60 COMPUTE! September 1983
GIVE THE WORLD'S GREATEST SLUGGERS A PIECE OF YOUR MIND.
I"*'*^!
ifi^'
0 ^
^
Aja
V
V
X
/2
SiL
^\
Presenting two strategy sports games from SSI: COMPUTER BASEBALL™ & RINGSIDE SEAT "
Already voted the ■ 1982 BEST COMPUTER SPORTS GAME' in ils Apple® format by a leading games magazine, COMPUTER BASEBALL is now available for tine Commodore^64.
As the most advanced and realistic simulation of baseball, it lets you manage any major-league team you like, giving you over 25 options with which lo direct your players.
Complete data for over 20 historical AL and NL teams arc provided so you can rc-crcatc immcmorable games of the past or play out hypothetical matchups. Imagine the thrill of pitting the "27 Yankees against the 75 Reds! You can even enter your own player statistics and create a team to your specifications.
Best of all, to get all this detailed realism, you don'l have to give up on speed and excitement. The action onscreen is kept at a fast pace to make you feci like youre actually playing in the ballpark! Afler all, that's how COMPUTER BASEBALL got to be recognized for what it is — the best.
See it today at your nearest computcr/gamc/software store!
COMPUTER BASEBALL ($39.95) comes on 64K disk for the Commodore' 64. Also on 48K disk for the Apple^^ IL Coming soon for the IBM' PC.
RINGSIDE SEAT packs alt the right punches lo make il the uncontested heavyweight champion of boxing games. It lets you set up your own championship matches, choosing from among fifty of the best fighters of all time.
Now you can answer all the intriguing questions in boxing: Who really was the greatest? Could joe Louis outwit Muhammcd AJi? Could Jack Dempscy outslug Larry Holmes?
RINGSIDE SEAT recreates every champion's authentic style and the strength, speed and stamina he had in his prime. As his manager, you tell him how to fight: stick and move, cover up. go for the knockout- The semi-animated Hi-Rcs color display shows you the fight in the ring as it happens, blow-by-blow, round-by-round.
This two-player and computer-as-opponent game also allows you to make up your own fighters by rating them for style, speed, aggressiveness, strength and a dozen other factors.
RINGSIDE SEAT. It not only lets you tell the great sluggers of the world how to fight, it makes them listen to you !
RINGSIDE SEAT ($39.95) comes on 64K disk for the Commodore" 64 or on 48K disk for the Apple® II with Applesoft ROM, II+, He. or Apple IH.
^51
STRATEGIC SlnULATIONS inc
If there arc no convenient stores near you, VISA and Mastercard To order by mail, send your check to: Strategic Simulations Inc.
holders can order direct by calling 800-227-1617, ext 335 (toll 883 Stierlm Road. Bldg. A-200, Mountain View, CA 94043. (California free). In California, call 800-772-3545. ext. 335. residents, add 6.5% sales lax.)
WRITE FOR A FREE COLOR CATALOG OF ALL OUR GAMES.
APPLE. IBM, and COlVlMODORE are ihe regisleied trademarks of Apple Computer inc. Inlcmalional Business Machines, and Commodore Electronics Ltd . rcspcctivclv-
515 D=0
520 IF Gt="U" THEN D= 1
525 IF G*="*" THEN TELLIT=i
530 IF 6*="D" THEN D=2
535 IF 6«="?" THEN SH0WIT=1
540 IF G*="E" THEN D=3
545 TRAP 545: IF G*="F" THEN ? "
CCLEAR>{DOWN> ": INPUT FB:IF FB<5
AND FB>0 THEN F=FB:GOSUB 200:GOT
0 1000 550 IF G*="W" THEN D=4 560 IF G*="N" THEN D=5 570 IF G*="S" THEN D=6 575 IF D<1 OR D>7 THEN 500 580 I=D:GOSUB 20 590 IF A* <SPOT, SPOT) <>"X" THEN GOSUB
900;GOTO 1000 600 ON D GOTO 605,610,615,620,625,63
0 605 A=A+l:GOTQ 640 610 A=A-l:GaTO 640 615 X=X+1:GQTG 640 620 X=X-l:GOTO 640 625 Y=Y+l:GOTO 640 630 Y=Y-1 640 IF A<0 OR A>4 OR X<0 OR X >4 OR Y
<0 OR Y>4 THEN 2000 650 GOSUB 200 660 GOTO 1000 900 FOR Q=l TO 4: CC= (CC=0> «14: POKE 7
10,CC:SOUND 0 , CC*7+60 , CC , 1 0 : FOR
W=l TO 10:NEXT W:NEXT Q
SOUND 0, 0, 0, 0: SETCOLOR 2,A+11,10
:SETCOLQR 1,0,0:RETURN TRAP 40000: GOSUB 1400:GOSUB 130 0:IF TIME2=TIHE THEN GOTO 500 POKE 657, 4: POKE 656,1:? " CZ SPACESJ{3 LEFT> " ; TIME: TIME2= TIME: IF TELLIT=0 THEN 500
91 0
1000
1005
1010
1020
1300 1400
1405
1410 1415 1420 2000
2005 2010 2020 2030 2032 2035 2037 2040 2043 2045 2050 2055
2060 2065 2070
POKE 656,0: ;"{TAB>Y= " BHOWIT=0 TH SHOWIT=0: PQ :? "THE EXI
TIME=INT <4. /60) : RETURN POKE 657, 17 UB 1405, 14 1 ? "North" :R ? "South" :R ? "Ea5t":RE ? "West": RE GRAPHICS 2+ ETCQLOR 2, 1 SETCOLOR 0, C = l
FOR 1=1 TO C=C+1 : IF C> ON C GOTO 2 COLOR 10:60 COLOR 170:G COLOR 138:6 PLOT I,0:PL TRAP 2050 PLOT 0, I : PL NEXT I POSITION 0, N 19, 0: 7 #6 POSITION 5, POSITION 4, POSITION 4,
SECONDS" 2080 POSITION 5,9:? #6; "HIT ANY KEY" 2090 1=1 2100 L=PEEK (709) : POKE 709 , PEEK ( 7 1 0 ) :
POKE 710, PEEK <71 1 ): POKE 711, L 2105 GOSUB 255:POSITIQN 1,5:7 #6;SC*
(I, 1 + 17) : 1 = 1 + 1 : IF I>ia0 THEN 1 =
1 2107 IF PEEK (764) 0255 THEN 2200 2110 FDR W=l TO 15:NEXT WiGOTD 2100 2200 POKE 764, 255: GRAPHICS 0:POSITIO
N 4,4:S0UND 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 : SOUND 1,0,0
2210 ? "PLAY AGAIN ";: INPUT A» 2220 IF A*(1,1)="Y" THEN RUN
2230 END
3000 GRAPHICS la
3010 POSITION 7,4:PRINT #6;"Hrta^"
3020 POSITION 6,7:PRINT #6|"of ice"
3030 COLOR 138
3040 PLOT l,l:DRAWTO 18,1
3050 DRAWTO 1Q,10:DRAWTO 1,10:DRAWTO
1, 1 3060 AB=1
3070 DIM BASS 13, 5) , TREBLE (3, 5) 3080 RESTORE 3100 3090 FOR 1=1 TO 3:F0R T=l TO 5:READ
B, TR: BASS { I , T) =B: TREBLE ( I ,T) =TR
:NEXT T:NEXT I : T= 1 : B= 1 : 0= 1 : RETU
RN 3100 DATA 243,121,193,96,162,81,144,
72, 136, 68 3110 DATA 182,91,144,72,121,60.108,5
3, 1 02, 50 3120 DATA 162. 81 , 128, 64, 10a, 53, 96, 47
, 91 ,45 3130 DATA 1,2,3,4,5,6,1,2,4,3,6,5,1,
2,5,6,4,3, 1,2,6,5,3,4
POKE 657,4:7 "X= ";X ; Y; " i:TAB>A= " ; A; : IF EN 500 KE 656, 2: POKE 657,10
T IS AT > " ; SX; " "
: GOTO 500
25* PEEK (19) +PEEK (20)
jPOKE 656,1:0N F GDS
0, 1415, 1420: RETURN
ETURN
ETURN
TURN
TURN
16:SETCDLDR 1,4,12:S
5.8:SETC0L0R 3,10,4:
0, 15
IB
3 THEN C=l
032, 2035, 2037
TO 2040
OTO 2040
OTO 2040
OT 1,11
OT 19, I
0:7 #6; " tJ>": PDSITID
<:ei> " 2:7 *6;"y0u escaped"
3:7 #6;"i:^VES GF PCE" 7:7 #6; "IN ";TIME;"
A room with four possible cxita. Apple version of "Caves of Ice."
Program 4: Coves Of ice -Apple Version
1 DATA 201,84,208,15,32,177,0,32,248,
230, 138,72,32, 183,0,201,44,240,3,7 6,201,222,32, 177,0,32,248,230
2 FDR I = 768 TO 833: READ P: POKE I,P
: NEXT I
3 DATA 104,134,3,134,1,133,0,170,160,
1, 132,2, 173,48, 192, 136,208,4, 198
4 DATA 1,240,7,202,208,246,166,0,208,
62 COMPUTE! September 19B3
^^"'r^.
|
'M |
il |
fswatmm
THEKARESamTimS
m KEEP sEAomK m
KnmREASOL
Kidnapped in revenge and locked in hatred some- where deep beneath your castle, is your princess.
Gwendolyn.
The prosperity of your kingdom, the end of a bitter feud, your very future depend on finding her.
You swear that no obstacle can stop you. But the high- resolution, 3-D graphics, animation and sound effects make the obstacles that await you more formidable than you can imagine.
And with over ninety different screens and two full sides of play, those obstacles and the decisions you must make can appear endless. In fact, you may have to endure hours of searching to rescue Gwendolyn,
But for her, you would endure anything, wouldn't you?
Gwendoiyn-a non-oiolent, intermediate graphic adventure game, written by Marc Russell Benloff , Atari 40K Disk $27.95, Artworx Software Co., Inc., ISO N. Main St., Fairporl, N.Y. 14450. For a free catalog of Ariworx Software for the Atari, Apple, VIC-20 & Commodore 64 computers, write or call 800-828-6573.
|
i |
iiii i |
\ |
||
|
K |
These are just
three of over
ninety exciting
screens.
Aran. Aftptf. ^C-iQ^ Coinmodon54 art regnJercU rradf/rjarkt
So you can play.
Atari And Apple Versions
Robert Tsuk
When I received Marv Bunker's letter, I agreed a version should be made available for Commodore owners. Also, as an Atari owner, I wanted to include a version for that computer, too. The lack of dimensioned string variables on the Atari made it tricky, but, as evidenced by Program 3, it was suc- cessfully adopted.
If you find the game too challenging, the Atari and Apple versions have several features not found in the Commodore version which may be of assistance. If you type an * the program will tell you your location in the maze. You are given your X and Y coordinates (0-4) on the current level, and a value for A, which indicates which level (0-4) you are currently on. If you get really lost, you can find your location by typing the *, then a ?. The program will briefly display the X, Y, and A coordinates of the exit. But remember, using the ? is frowned upon unless you're really lost.
As in the Commodore version, you move through the maze by typing the N, S, E, W, U, and D keys to specify the direction of move- ment. However, if you type F to change the direction you are facing, you must then type a number instead of a letter to specify the new direction you wish to face. You'll need to remember that N = l, S = 2, E = 3, and W = 4.
The Apple version of Caves of Ice (Pro- gram 4), the original Quinti-Maze, uses al- most 48K. It includes a SAVE the game fea- ture. Special attention must be paid to the first five lines and the data therein, as a mis- take in the data will cause a crash in line 167.
The Atari version uses just over 16K. Although it has no SAVE the game feature, it has some pretty flashy graphics and sound.
239, 165,3,133, 1,198,2,208,241,96 POKE 1013,76: POKE 1014,0: POKE 1015 ,3 TEXT : HOME GOSUB 2000 100 DIM PC (5, 7): DIM FC«(5> 105 FC«<1) = "NORTH": PC* (2) = "SOUTH" :F C$(3) = "EAST": PC* (4> = "WEST" FDR B = 1 TO 4: FOR I = 1 TO 6: READ FC(B,I): NEXT ; NEXT GOTO 155
HPLOT 0,0 TO 279,0 TO 279,159 TO 0 ,159 TO 0,0 TO 69,29 TO 209,29 TO 209,129 TO 69,129 TO 69,29: HPLOT
10 90
110
115 120
";Y*: IF LEFT*
1 TO 5: FOR
« Y, 10 < .00 THEN GOTO 180
209,29 TO 279,0: HPLOT 209,129 TO 279,159: HPLOT 69,129 TO 0,159: RETURN
125 RETURN
130 HPLOT 109,9 TO 169,9 TO 159,19 TO 119,19 TO 109,9: HPLOT 119,19 TO 1 19,9: HPLOT 159,19 TO 159,9; RETURN
135 HPLOT 119,139 TO 159,139 TO 169,14 9 TO 109,149 TO 119,139: HPLQT 119 ,139 TO 119,149: HPLOT 159,139 TO 159,149: RETURN
140 HPLOT 19,39 TO 49,49 TO 49,139: HPLOT 19,149 TO 19,39: HPLOT 19,139 TO 4 9,139: HPLOT 19,49 TO 49,49: RETURN
145 HPLOT 119,59 TO 159,59 TO 159,129 TO 119,129 TO 119,59 TO 129,69 TD I4'f ,69 TO 149,119 TO 129,119 TO 129,6 9: HPLOT 149,69 TO 159,59: HPLOT 1 49,119 TO 159,129: HPLOT 129,119 TD 119,129: RETURN
150 HPLOT 229,49 TO 259,39 TO 259,149; HPLOT 229,139 TO 229,49: HPLOT 22
9,49 TO 259,49: HPLOT 229,139 TD 2
59,139: RETURN 155 DIM S*(6,6) 160 INPUT "RESTART OLD MAZE
<Y*,1) = "Y" THEN 1360 165 FOR A = 1 TO 5: FOR X =
Y = 1 TO 5 167 8c T10 * A + 10 * X + 10 170 IF A < > 5 AND RND {1)
S*(X,A) = S*(X,A) + "D": 175 S$<X,A) = S*(X,A) + "X" 1B0 IF MID* (St<X,A - 1),(Y - 1) * 6 +
1,1) = "0" THEN S*(X,A) = S*(X,A> +
"0": GOTO 190 185 S*<X,A) = S*<X,A) + "X" 190 IF Y - 2 < 0 THEN 200 195 IF MID* (S*(X,A),(Y - 2) » 6 + 4,
1) = "0" THEN SSCX.A) = S*CX,A) +
"0": GOTO 205 200 S*<X,A) = S*(X,A) + "X" 205 IF Y < > 5 AND RND (1)
S*(X,A) = S*(X,A) + "0": 210 S*(X,A) = S*(X,A) + "X" 215 IF X < > 5 AND RND (.11
S*<X,A) = S*(X,A> + "0": 220 S«<X,A) = S*(X,A) + "X" 225 IF MID* (S*<X - 1,A),<Y
5,1) = "0" THEN S«(X,A) = S«(X,A) +
"0": GOTO 235 230 S*<X,A) = S*(X,A) + "X" 235 NEXT : NEXT s NEXT
240 X = INT ( RND (1) * 3) + 2:Y = INT ( RND <1) « 3) + 2: A = INT < RND (1) « 3) + 2 245 RD = INT ( RND ( 1 ) « 6) + 1 : ON RD
GOTO 250,255,260,265,270,275
250 A = 5: Pit = LEFT* (S*(X,A),<Y -
« 6):L = 29 - LEN <P1*):P2* =
<S*(X,A),L) :S*(X,A) = PI* + "0"
P2*: GOTO 280
255 A = 1:P1* = LEFT* (S*<X,A),<Y -
« 6 + 1>;L = 29 - LEN (P1*):P2« = RIGHT* (S»(X,A) ,L) :S*<X,A) = PI* + "0" + P2»; GOTO 280 260 Y = 5:P1* = LEFT* <S*(X,A),(Y - 1) « 6 + 3):L = 29 - LEN (P1*):P2« = RIGHT* (S*(X,A) ,L) :S4a,A) = PI* + "0" + P2*: GOTO 280 265 Y = 1:P1« = LEFT* (B*<X,A),(Y - 1) « 6 + 2);L = 29 - LEN (P1«):P2* = RIGHT* <S*(X,A) ,L) :S*(X,A) = PI* +
< .8
GOTO
< .8 GOTO
THEN
215
THEN 225
- 1> * 6 +
1) RIGHT*
+
1)
64 COMPUTE! September 1983
From the creators o Frogger," Scramble; Super Cobra", Tiitankham" and Time Pilot:..
s> /
bvDATASOFT
■♦*'^??H,»
_ tasoft brings you '¥bOYAh, the popular J arcade game from ■ »|Konami, for home com- - — -'puters. Enjoy all the fun, ft action, colorful, high-res- tion graphics and arcade- tie play without all the ■quarters.
Quick reflexes and fast thinking will protect your help- less piglets in the forest valley from a pack of vicious, hungry wolves who travel up and down the valley clinging to balloons and throwing objects
at you. Shoot your arrows to burst theii balloons or throw chuni of meat to get them to let but don't give up, because >. _ wolves won't!
FOOYAM is a super chal- lenge that will keep any expe- rienced gamer glued to the screen. And Datasoft will be making it available for Apple, Atari 400/800/1200, Radio 5hack Color, Commodore 64 and VIC 20 computer systems.
l>(lb|S@bl!!&
9421 WinnetKa Awenoe
Chatsworth, California 91311
(215)701-5161
c 1983 Datasoft Inc oft 15 a registered tiaaemaik of Datasoft Inc , POOVflM 15 a registered trademark of
270
275
280 290
300 310 1000
1010
1020 1025 1027
1030
1035 1040 1050 1060 1070 10B0 1090 1100
1110 1120 1130 1135 1140
"D" + P2t; BOTO 280 X = 5:P1* = LEFT* (S«CX,A),<Y - 1> « 6 + 4):L = 29 - LEN (P1*>!P2« = RIGHT* <S«(X,A),L);S*(X,A) = PI* + "0" + P2«: GOTO 280 X = 1:P1* = LEFT* <S*(X,A),(Y - 1) « 6 + 5):L = 29 - LEN (P1«):P2« = RIGHT* (S*(X,A) ,L)!9«(X,A) « Pit * "0" + P2*: GOTO 280 SX = X:SY = YsSA = A VTAB 23: PRINT "HIT ANY KEY TD STA RT"
IF PEEK ( - 16384) < 127 THEN 300 POKE - 16368,00
X = INT ( RND (1) * 5) + 1:Y = INT ( RND (1) * 5) + 1:A = INT ( RND <1) * 5) + 1:FC = 1; GQTD 1220
HOME : VTAB 22: HTAB IS: PRINT PC *(FC):A* = "":D = 0: IF LB = 1 THEN
PRINT X,Y,A
VTAB 22: PRINT "TIME :";T: FOR TI ME = 1 TO 80
IF PEEK ( - 16384) > 127 THEN 10 30
NEXT :T = T + 1: VTAB 22: PRINT " TIME :";T; GOTO 1020
GET A*
IF A* = IF A* = IF AS = IF A* = IF A* = IF A* = IF A* = IF A* = IF A* = IF A* =
"*" "Q" "U" "D" "N"
"S"
II p II
"7"
"W
.,p,
THEN LS = THEN 1300 THEN D THEN D THEN D THEN
D = THEN D = THEN 1290 THEN D = 6 THEN GOTO 1280
IF D = 0 THEN 1010
T = T + 1
IF MID* (B*(X,A),(Y ~ 1) « 6 + D ,1) < > "0" THEN PRINT CHR* <7) t GOTO 1010 1150 ON D GOTO 1160,1170,1180,1190,120 0, 1210
|
1160 |
A = A + 1: GDTG 1220 |
|
1170 |
A = A - 1: GOTO 1220 |
|
1180 |
Y = Y - 1: GOTO 1220 |
|
1190 |
Y = Y + 1: GOTO 1220 |
|
1200 |
X = X + 1: GOTO 1220 |
|
1210 |
X = X - l! GOTO 1220 |
|
1220 |
IF X > 5 OR X < 1 OR Y > 5 OR Y < |
|
1 DR A > 5 OR A < 1 THEN PRINT "Y |
OU WIN": & T100,100: & T100,50: & T100,50: & T75,66: & T100,66: & T7 5,66: !< T60,255; GOTO 3000
1230 1240
1250 1260
1270
1280
1285 1290
1300
H6R : HCOLDR= 3
62454: HCDLQR= 0:
FOR I = 1 TO 6;
HPLOT 0,0: CALL GOSUB 120 IF MID* (S*(X,A)
, <Y - 1) * 6 ; GOTO 1010 R = FC<FC, I)
1,1) =
1
THEN NEXT
HCOLOR= 0; ON R GOSUB 125,130,135 ,140, 145,150
GOTO 1010 'WHAT FACING
1-N 2-S 3-E 4-
NEXT :
INPUT W";FC: IF FC < 1 OR FC > 4 THEN 1280
GOTO 1220
INVERSE : HTAB IB: PRINT BX; " "; SY;" ";SA; NORMAL : GOTO 1220
PRINT "DO YOU WANT TO SAVE THIS M AZE"J INPUT Y*: IF LEFT* tY*,l) < > "Y" THEN GOTO 3000 66 COMPUTEl September 1983
1310
1320 1330
1340
1350
1360 1370 1380
1390
1400 2000
2010
2020 2030
2040
2050
2060
2070 2080
INPUT "WHAT DO YOU WANT TO CALL I T ";N* . D« = CHR* (4)
PRINT D*;"OPEN OLD MAZE/";N»: PRINT D*; "WRITE OLD MAZE/";N*
FOR Al = 1 TO 5: FOR XI = 1 TO 5:
PRINT S*(Xl,An: NEXT ; NEXT : PRINT X; PRINT Ys PRINT A: PRINT T: PRINT FC
PRINT D*; "CLOSE OLD MAZE/";N*: GOTO 3000
INPUT "WHAT IS ITS NAME " ; N* D* = CHR* (4)
PRINT D*; "OPEN OLD MAZE/";N*: PRINT Dt;"READ OLD MAZE/"5N»
FOR Al = 1 TO 5: FDR XI = 1 TD 5:
INPUT S*(X1,A1): NEXT : NEXT ; INPUT X: INPUT Y: INPUT A: INPUT T: INPUT PC
PRINT D*; "CLOSE OLD MAZE/";N*- GOTO 1220
VTAB 12: HTAB 18: INVERSE : PRINT "MAZE": NORMAL : VTAB 22: INPUT "D 0 YOU WANT INSTRUCTIONS ";V*: IF LEFT* (Y*,l) < > "Y" THEN RETURN
HOME : PRINT "THE OBJECT OF MAZE IS TD FIND YOUR WAY": PRINT : PRINT "OUT OF A 5X5X5 CUBIC MAZE. IN ONE
DP THE": PRINT "ROOMS THERE IS AN
EXIT OUT OF THE MAZE."
PRINT : PRINT "YOU MUST TRY TO FI ND IT IN AS FEW TURNS ": PRINT "AS
POSSIBLE. THE COMMANDS ARE : "
PRINT : HTAB 6: INVERSE : PRINT " U";: NORMAL : PRINT "-UP' 7: INVERSE ; PRINT "S' "-SOUTH"
PRINT : HTAB 6: INVERSE D";: NORMAL : PRINT 17: INVERSE : PRINT
PRINT "-EAST"
PRINT : HTAB 6: INVERSE : PRINT " PRINT "-NORTH";: HTAB PRINT "W"; : NORMAL :
HTAB NORMAL :
PRINT " ■-DOWN";: HTAB ■E"; : NORMAL :
N";: NORMAL : 17: INVERSE ;
PRINT "-WEST
PRINT : HTAB Q"; : NORMAL : 17: INVERSE :
PRINT "-CHANGE FACING"
VTAB 23: PRINT "HIT ";
PRINT "SPACE'-;: NORMAL FOR MORE"
IF PEEK ( - 16384) < 127 THEN 20B0
6: INVERSE : PRINT " PRINT "-QUIT"; : HTAB PRINT "F";: NORMAL ;
INVERSE
PRINT ■'
2090 POKE - 16368,0; HOME ; INVERSE : PRINT "F";: NORMAL : PRINT " WILL COME BACK WITH A QUESTION AS TD": PRINT : PRINT "WHICH FACING YOU W ISH.HIT ONLY ONE KEY": PRINT : PRINT "AND ";: INVERSE : PRINT "RETURN": NORMAL 2100 PRINT : PRINT "PLEABE WAIT WHILE
IT SETS UP THE MAZE": PRINT : PRINT : RETURN 3000 TEXT : HOME : VTAB 5: HTAB 12: PRINT
"CONGRATULATIONS ! " 3010 PRINT : PRINT TAB ( 7) '"YOU HAVE F INISHED THE MAZE IN "s PRINT TAB < 7)T;" SECONDS" 3030 INPUT "DO YOU WANT TO PLAY AGAIN
? ";Y* 3040 IF LEFT* (Y*,l) = "Y" THEN RUN
9999 NORMAL
10000 DATA 1,2,4,0,5,3,1,2,0,4,3,5 ,1,2,3,5,4,0,1,2,5,3,0,4 ©
BECOME AN INTREPID SPACE ADVENTURER
by William Muk CoCo version by Roger Schrag Apple version by Gordon Eastman Jari and Commodore 64 version by John Anderson Far beyond the known galaxies, you venture deep into the vast reaches of outer space. But you are not alone! In a flash, without so much as a how- Jo-ya-do, they're in hot pursuit and you're left to do )efore you're done unto. Can you elude your jursuers? Will you elude your pursuers? And who are these guys anyway? Find the answers to these jand other compelling questions in AREX. See your dealer today!
kflEX . . . Coin-op arcade realism at home for 1 to 2 hiayers.
AREX
fePPLE 48K DISK 042-0172 $34.95
feTARl 16K TAPE
RTARl 16K DISK
CoCo 16K TAPE
COMMODORE 64
bOMMODORE 64
^64KDISK
16KTAPEModeM &3 'K DISK Model 1 & 3
1600172 $34,95
162-0172 $34.95
060-0172 $34.95
160-0172 $34,95
162-0172 $34.95
132-0172 S34.95
010-0172 $34.95
012-0172 S34.95
RLD OF HIGH FIM
\4
Published by
by George Schwenk ^
^S'80 version by Dave Simmons CoCo version by Roger Scfirag "Yas, after purchasing diamond mines in South Africa, oil wells in Saudi, and rare beer cans in Walla Walla, Washington, I had begun to wonder what other trendy commodities remained to be added to my swelling portfolio. Then a snip of a ticket girl dared to tell me (ME, Hartley J. Wormsflather III!) that my flight was overbooked. To avoid future misunderstandings, I bought the airline."
"I think I'm on to something profitable here." Hartley J. Wormsflather 111
AIRLINE . . . A no-holds-barred strategy game for 1 to 4 players.
AIRUNE
ATARI 400 & 800 / CoCo / Model 1 & 3 16K TAPE . . 1400169 $2455
df^ture
INTERNATIONAL
GRADEBOOK FOR ATARI
Stephen Levy, Assistant Book Editor
This is a valuable orgaiiizatioiml tool for teachers. It handles student lists, i^radiiig conversions, grade av- eraging, assignments, and much more. Writtcjiforan Atari computer with at least 32K and a disk drixv.
"Gradebook" is for teachers. It will keep a record of students' grades and assignments for up to 45 students on one diskette. In addition, the program will average grades and display grades and as- signments to the screen or list them to a printer.
SAVE the program on one diskette and use a second diskette for data. Use the following short program to create a dummy file on the program diskette to prevent accidentally writing data to the program diskette:
10 OPEN #1,8,0, "D:CL"
20 DIM A* <4) : fl*="TEST" : PRINT # 1 ; A*
30 CLOSE #1:END
Menu Options
1. Read Grades: produces a list of the last names of ail students previously entered (option 3) onto this diskette, plus each student's grades and aver- age. You will be prompted for the number (the program will automatically number the students
- for you) of the first and last student whose grade and average you wish to see. However, on each screen display, you are limited to viewing two to five students' grades at a time.
2. Read Assignments: prints a list of previously entered (option 5) assignments on this diskette.
3. Enter Names: lets you enter and add new students to the names list. Note that only 45 names are allowed on one diskette; first name up to nine characters; last name up to ten characters; no middle names.
4. Enter Grades: produces a list of students previously entered (option 3) and asks which student's grades you wish to enter. The program accepts any one-, two-, or three-digit number as
66 COMPUTE! SeplemberlPeS
well as the letters A,B,C,D,E, and F, with or with- out a plus or minus. When grades are averaged, letter grades are converted to numbers as follows:
|
A+=97 |
A = 93 |
A -=89 |
|
B+=87 |
B = 83 |
B- =79 |
|
C+=77 |
C = 73 |
C- =69 |
|
D+=67 |
D = 63 |
D-=59 |
|
E-l-=54 |
E = 50 |
E-=46 |
|
F+=54 |
F = 50 |
F-=46 |
If desired, these values can be changed in lines 510-590 and lines 1650-1680.
5. Enter Assignments: results in a list of previ- ously entered assignments and allows you to add
to the list. The assignment length must be no greater than 28 characters (including blank spaces). You can use this option for messages or notes also. It functions like a notepad with no real bear- ing on students' grades, averaging, etc.
6. Print Grades or Assignments: prints out all or some of the students' names, grades, and averages to a printer. It allows you to print a list of assign- ments stored on the diskette.
7. Correction: permits correcting any student's name or grade.
8. Initializing a Disk: makes it possible to avoid retyping and re-entering all the students' names onto a new diskette. This option will automatically transfer the names of students stored on one dis- kette to a new diskette without transferring grades.
9. End: provides a way to exit the program. It is imperative that you never end a session by
just turning off the computer or disk drive. Ahvays use option 9.
Gradebook For Atari
70 CLOSE #1:CLR
100 DIM NAME* (20) , FILE* ( 13) , CL* ( 1 ) , B
Z« ( 1 ) , CLASS* (36 1 ) , TASK* {30) , BRAD
E* (3) , YES* (3) 110 DIM BYTE <4a) , SECTOR (4B) , TEMP* ( 15
) , BL» (37)
T.M.
A PROFESSIONAL GRAPHICS -CHARTING AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PROGRAM FOR ATARI® PERSONAL COMPLiTERS
B/Graph is for professionals in Marketing Sales, Administration, Forecasting, Accounting and General Management.
• Home and Small Business
• Educators, Students
• Hobbyists