Historic, Archive Document

Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

S. R. A..— Markets 67.

United States Departme

B IKE A U OF MARKETS.

GEORGE LIVINGSTON, Chief.

SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

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FINDINGS OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRI- CULTURE REGARDING VIOLATIONS OF SEC- TION 5 AND REPORTS OF VIOLATIONS OF SECTION 4 OF THE UNITED STATES GRAIN STANDARDS ACT.

Pursuant to the authority vested in the Secretary of Agriculture by the United States grain standards Act, and otherwise by law- applicable to the Department of Agriculture, an investigation was made of alleged facts and circumstances relating to the incorrect grading of certain shipments of oats by Stockdale and Maack, a partnership composed of J. E. Stockdale and L. Maack, of Wolcott, Iowa, to Chicago, Illinois, and St. Louis, Missouri. After due notice to Stockdale and Maack and to the licensed inspectors who inspected the grain hereinafter mentioned, a hearing with respect to said matters was held before an official of the Department of Agriculture at Chicago, Illinois, July 27, 1920, at which time and place appeared Mr. L. Maack. of Stockdale and Maack, Mr. Adolph Gerstenberg, of Gerstenberg and Company, grain dealers, Chicago, Illinois, John A. Low, of B. W, Bade}- and Company, grain dealers, Chicago, Illinois, representatives of Adolph Kempner and Company, grain dealers, Chicago, Illinois, and Licensed Inspectors John F. Ratza and George Terveen, and submitted testimony, and other oral and documentary evidence was introduced.

Upon consideration of all the evidence presented at said hearing, I, E. 1). Ball, Acting Secretary of Agriculture, do hereby determine and order to be published my findings as follows:

That Stockdale & Maack sold a quantity of No. 3 white oats through Adolph Kempner & Company, and that in fulfillment of

"Previous numbers in this series which relate to the United States grain standards Act are Nos. 11 to 15, 17 to 19, 22 to 26, 29, 31 to 40, 42, 44 to 49, 52, 54 to 56, 53 to 60, and 62 to 65.

424j9°-21 1

(Markets) No. 67.

Findings in the Case of Stockdale and Maack.

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[S. R. A.

their sale contract they shipped the oats contained in eighteen freight cars designated as FWD 6437, NYC 238100, C&O 5512, LV 81212, Soo Line 34846, Penn 559619, Soo Line 15580, CRI&P 38858, CGR 82942, UP 77231, C&A 36506, NKP 9497, Penn 54169, SSW 13750, CRI&P 36578, L&N 35430. CRI&P 151344 and CRI&P 39082 to Adolph Kempner & Company between April 24, 1920, and May 22, 1920, inclusive, which oats were inspected at Chicago, Illinois, by an inspector licensed under the United States grain standards Act and that for each of sixteen of said cars designated as FWD 6437. NYC 238100, C&O 5512, LV 81212, Soo Line 34846, Penn 559619, Soo Line 15580, UP 77231, C&A 36506, NKP 9497, Penn 54169, SSW 13750, CRI&P 36578, L&N 35430, C.U&P 151344 and CRI&P 39082, certificates were issued stating the grade of the oats contained therein to be No. 3 white oats, and for each of two of said cars designated as CRI&P 38858 and CGR 82942 certificates were issued stating the grade of the oats contained therein to be No. 4 white oats.

That on or about May 11, 1920, Stockdale & Maack consigned the oats contained in three freight cars designated as NYC 215908, SP 89093 and CStPM&O 32828 to the William D. Orthwein Grain Com- pany at St. Louis, Missouri, to be sold for their account, which oats were, at St. Louis, Missouri, inspected and graded by an inspector licensed under the United States grain standards Act, and for each of said cars certificates were issued by said licensed inspector stating the grade of the oats contained therein to be No. 3 white oats.

That the oats contained in the eighteen cars which were shipped to Chicago, Illinois, as herein stated, were, after the inspection referred to above, again inspected while they were being unloaded at an elevator in that city, by inspectors licensed under the United States grain standards Act, and that the oats contained in said cars were found to have been incorrectly graded when they were graded as above set forth, for the reason that the oats contained in twelve of said cars designated as FWD 6437, NYC 238100, C&O 5512, LV 81212, Soo Line 34846, Penn 559619, UP 77231, NKP 9497, PRR 54169, L&N 35430. CRI&P 39082 and Soo Line 15580, which had been inspected and graded as No. 3 white oats, were not in fact oats of that grade but were sample grade white oats, and that the oats contained in two of said cars designated as CRI&P 38S58 and CGR 82942, which had been inspected and graded as No. 4 wfcite oats, were not in fact oats of that grade but were sample grade white oats, and that the oats contained in four of said cars designated as C&A 36506, SSW 13750, CRI&P 151344 and CRI&P 36578, which had been inspected and graded as No. 3 white oats, were not in fact oats of that grade but were No. 4 white oats.

That the oats contained in two of the three cars which were shipped to St. Louis, Missouri, as above stated, designated as NYC 215908

Markets 67.] SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

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and CStPM&O 32828, were, after the inspection referred to above, again inspected there by inspectors licensed under the United States grain standards Act, and it was found that the oats contained in said cars had been incorrectly graded, for the reason that the oats con- tained therein were not in fact No. 3 white oats but were No. 4 white oats; that the oats contained in the car designated as SP 89093 which were shipped to St. Louis, Missouri, as above stated, and in- spected and graded there, were reconsigned to Cairo, Illinois, and, on arrival there, were again inspected by inspectors licensed under the United States grain standards Act, when it was found that the oats contained in said car had been incorrectly graded at St. Louis, Missouri, for the reason that the oats contained in said car were not in fact No. 3 white oats but were sample grade white oats.

That each of the cars of oats which were shipped to Chicago, Illinois, and to St. Louis, Missouri, as herein set forth, had been " plugged"; that is to say, each of them had been loaded so as to conceal an inferior grade of oats; that the lower portion of each of said ears had been loaded with an inferior grade of oats and that the upper portion of each of said cars had been loaded with a higher and better grade of oats to a depth of approximately 2£ to 5 feet from the surface; that each of said cars was heavily loaded, that is to say, was loaded within a few inches of the top of the car.

That the fact that each of said cars had been u plugged", as above set forth, and the fact that each of said cars was heavily loaded, rendered it practically impossible properly to inspect the oats con- tained in said cars, and that the facts just mentioned occasioned and were responsible for the incorrect grading of the oats in each of said cars.

In witness whereof, I have set my hand and caused the seal of the Department of Agriculture to be affixed in the District of Columbia on this Thirtieth day of October, 1920.

(Signed) E. D. Ball,

Acting Secretary of Agriculture.

Findings in the Case of W. H. Crozier & Co.

Pursuant to the authority vested in the Secretary of Agriculture by the United States grain standards Act and otherwise by law ap- plicable to the Department of Agriculture, an investigation was made of alleged facts and circumstances relating to a shipment of oats by W. H. Crozier, trading and doing business as W. H. Crozier & Com- pany, Nashville, Tcnn., to M. W. Duvall, Cheraw, S. C. After due notice to W. H. Crozier and to the licensed inspector who inspected the oats herein mentioned, a hearing in respect to such shipment was

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[S. R. A.

held before an official of the Department of Agriculture, at Nash- ville, Tenn., July 14, 1920, at which time and place appeared Mr. W. H. Crozier and Licensed Inspector W. H. Binkley, and submitted testimony, and other oral and documentary evidence was introduced.

Upon consideration of all the evidence presented at the hearing, I do hereby determine and order to be published my findings as follows :

That on or about April 6, 1920, W. H. Crozier & Company entered into a contract for the sale of 1,500 bushels of No. 3 white oats to M. W. Duvall, of Cheraw, S. C.

That on April 9, 1920, the oats contained in freight car designated as CM&StP 701957 were inspected at Nashville, Tennessee, by an inspector licensed under the United States grain standards Act, and that a certificate was issued by said inspector stating the grade of the oats contained therein to be No. 4 white oats according to the official grain standards of the United States.

That on or about April 9, 1920, in fulfillment of said contract, W. H. Crozier & Company shipped from Nashville, Tenn., to Cheraw, S. C, consigned to M. W. Duvall, the oats contained in said car.

That notwithstanding the fact that the oats were graded as No. 4 white oats as aforesaid, W. H. Crozier & Company, by means of an invoice sent to M. W. Duvall which showed the grade of the oats contained in said car to be No. 3 white oats, and through failure to furnish M. W. Duvall with the inspection certificate showing the grade of the oats to be No. 4 white oats or otherwise advise him of the true grade of said oats, represented to M. W. Duvall that the oats were No. 3 white oats according to the official grain standards of the United States, contrary to the following provision of Section 5 of the United States grain standards Act:

That no person, except as permitted in section 4, shall represent that any grain shipped or delivered for shipment in interstate or foreign commerce is of a grade fixed in the official grain standards other than as shown by a certificate therefor issued in compliance with this Act.

In witness whereof, I have set my hand and caused the seal of the Department of Agriculture to be affixed in the District of Columbia on this 5th day of Novem- ber 1920.

E. T. Meredith,

Secretary of Agriculture.

Findings in the Case of W. H. Crozier & Co.

Pursuant to the authority vested in the Secretary of Agriculture by the United States grain standards Act and otherwise by law applicable to the Department of Agriculture, an investigation was

Markets 67.] SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

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made of alleged facts and circumstances relating to certain ship- ments of oats by W. H. Crozier, trading and doing business as W. H. Crozier & Company, Nashville, Tennessee, to Tignall, Georgia, and Murphy, N. C. After due notice to W. H. Crozier and to the licensed inspectors who inspected the oats herein mentioned, a hearing in respect to such shipments was held before an official of the Depart- ment of Agriculture at Nashville, Tennessee, May 7 and 8, 1920, at which times and place appeared Mr. W. H. Crozier and J. T. Roberts and W. H. Binkley, licensed inspectors, and submitted testimony, and other oral and documentary evidence was introduced.

Upon consideration of all the evidence presented at said hearing I do hereby determine and order to be published my findings as follows :

That W. H. Crozier & Company, acting through O. R. Hinton & Company of Athens, Georgia, entered into a contract for the sale of a quantity of No. 3 mixed oats to the Tignall Grocery Company, Tignall, Georgia.

That on or about July 8, 1919, the oats contained in freight car designated as DL& W 29875 were inspected and graded by an inspec- tor licensed under the United States grain standards Act at Nash- ville, Tennessee, and that on July 9, 1919, a certificate was issued by said licensed inspector showing grade of the oats contained therein to be sample grade mixed oats.

That on or about July 8. 1919, W. H. Crozier & Company, in fulfillment of said contract, shipped from Nashville, Term., to Tignall, Ga., consigned to Tignall Grocery Company, the oats contained in said car.

That notwithstanding the fact that the oats were graded as sample grade mixed oats as aforesaid, W. H. Crozier & Company, by means of an invoice sent to the Tignall Grocery Company which showed the price of said oats as 86^# per bushel, the price fixed in said con- tract, and through failure to furnish the Tignall Grocery Company with the inspection certificate showing the grade of the oats to be sample grade mixed oats or otherwise advise the Tignall Grocery Company of the true grade of said oats, represented to the Tignall Grocery Company that the oats were No. 3 mixed oats according to the official grain standards of the United States, contrary to the following provision of Section 5 of the United States grain stand- ards Ad :

That no person, except as permitted by section 4, shall represent that any grain shipped or delivered for shipment in interstate or foreign commerce is of a grade fixed in the official grain standards other than as shown by certificate therefor issued in compliance with this Act.

I do further find that on or about March 12, 1920, W. H. Crozier & Company shipped 70 bags of oats in a car designated as PRR

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[S. R. A.

83747 to the F. D. Dickey Feed Company at Murphy, North Carolina, which bags were marked "Burt Oats": that the invoice incident to said shipment which was sent to the F. D. Dickey Feed Company described and represented the oats involved in said shipment as Burt oats: that on or about March 11, 1920, said oats were examined by an inspector licensed under the United States grain standards Act, who ascertained and found that said oats were not in fact Burt oats but were No. 3 red oats, and who issued a certificate that said oats were No. 3 red oats according to the official grain standards of the United States.

In witness whereof, I have set my hand and caused the seal of the Department of Agriculture to be affixed in the District of Columbia on this Sixth day of Novem- ber 1920.

E. T. Meredith, Secretary of Agriculture.

Findings in the Case of the E. L. Wellman Co.

Pursuant to the authority vested in the Secretary of Agriculture by the United States grain standards Act and otherwise by law applicable to the Department of Agriculture, an investigation was made of alleged facts and circumstances relating to a shipment of corn by the E. L. Wellman Company, a corporation, of Grand Rapids, Michigan, to L. C. Daniels, Stamford, Connecticut. After due notice to the E. L. Wellman Company and to the licensed inspector who inspected the corn herein mentioned, a hearing in respect to such shipment was held before an official of the Depart- ment of Agriculture at Grand Rapids, Michigan, April 21, 1920, at which time and place appeared E. L. Wellman, of the E. L. Wellman Company, and Licensed Inspector D. R. McEachron, and submitted testimony, and other oral and documentary evidence was introduced.

Upon consideration of all the evidence presented at the hearing, I do hereby determine and order to be published my findings as follows :

That on or about January 16, 1919, the E. L. Wellman Company, entered into a contract for the sale of five cars of shelled corn of the grade, according to the official grain standards of the United States, of No. 4 Yellow corn, which contract contained the following pro- vision: " Western Weights and Terms final."

That on or about January 13, 1919, the corn contained in freight car designated as P. R. R. 51979 was inspected at Chicago, Illinois, by an inspector licensed under the United States grain standards Act, and that a certificate was issued by said inspector stating the

Markets 07. J SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

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grade of the corn contained therein to be No. 4 yellow corn, accord- ing to the official grain standards of the United States, which certifi- cate also stated that the car referred to was so heavily loaded that only a shallow probe sample could be obtained.

That the corn contained in said car, which had been purchased by the E. L. Wellman Company, was later transported to Grand Rapids, Michigan, and was there on January 20, 1919, inspected by an inspector licensed under the United States grain standards Act, and that a certificate was issued by said inspector stating the grade of the corn contained in said car to be No. 5 yellow corn.

That on or about January 30, 1919, the corn contained in said car was again inspected at Grand Rapids, Michigan, by an inspector licensed under the United States grain standards Act, and that a certificate was issued by said inspector stating the grade of the corn contained therein to be No. 5 yellow corn, according to the official gram standards of the United States.

That on or about February 3, 1919, in part fulfillment of the contract hereinbefore mentioned, the E L. Wellman Company shipped from Grand Rapids, Michigan, to Stamford, Connecticut, consigned to L. C. Daniels, the corn contained in said car.

That notwithstanding the fact that the corn was graded as No. 5 yellow corn on its arrival in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and also just prior to its being shipped from that city as aforesaid, the E. L. Wellman Company, by means of an invoice sent to L. C. Daniels, which showed the grade of the corn contained in said car to be No. 4 yellowT corn, and through failure to furnish L. C. Daniels with the inspection certificate showing the grade of the corn to be No. 5 yellow corn or otherwise advise him of the true grade of said corn, represented to L. C. Daniels that the corn was No. 4 yellow corn, according to the official grain standards of the United States, contrary to the following provision of Section 5 of the United States grain standards Act:

That no person, except as permitted in section 4, shall represent that any grain shipped or delivered for shipment in interstate or foreign commerce is of a grade fixed in the official grain standards other than as shown by a certificate therefor issued in compliance with this Act.

In witness whereof, I have set my hand and caused the seal of the Department of Agriculture to be affixed in the District of Columbia on this First day of December, 1920.

E. D. Ball,

Acting Secretary oj Agriculture.

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[S. R. A.

Findings in the Case of Cope & Kearney.

Pursuant to the authority vested in the Secretary of Agriculture by the United States grain standards Act and otherwise by law applicable to the Department of Agriculture, an investigation was made of alleged facts and circumstances relating to certain shipments of grain received by Cope & Kearney, of Omaha, Nebr., a partner- ship composed of Elmer A. Cope, Fannie A. Cope, and Lawrence Kearney, grain commission dealers of that city, and sold by them for the shippers through the Omaha Grain Exchange, of which Mr. Cope is a member. After due notice to Cope & Kearney and to the licensed inspectors who inspected the grain herein involved, and to all other interested parties, a hearing in respect to such shipments was held before an official of the Department of Agriculture at Omaha, Nebr., on November 8, 1920, at which time and place appeared Elmer A. Cope and Lawrence Kearney, the licensed inspectors concerned and other interested parties, and submitted testimony, and other oral and documentary evidence was introduced.

Upon consideration of all the evidence presented at said hearing, I do hereby determine and order to be published my findings as follows:

That during the period from August 19, 1919, to September 22, 1920, the 41 cars of corn, wheat and oats listed below were received by Cope & Kearney on consignment for sale. These cars, on arrival, were inspected and graded by inspectors licensed under the United States grain standards Act. In accordance with the prevailing prac- tice, pan tickets were issued by the inspectors showing the grade assigned as well as certain grading factors as determined by them. Alterations showing either a different test weight per bushel, moisture content, or percentage of dockage from that determined by the in- spectors were subsequently made by Mr. Kearney in each of these pan tickets, which resulted in indicating a different quality of grain than that shown by the pan ticket as issued by the licensed inspector, and the grain was sold by Cope & Kearney on the Omaha Grain Ex- change on the basis of the pan tickets as so altered. The following: table shows the names and addresses of the consignors the car num- bers, the kind of grain, and the giading factors as determined by the licensed inspector and as subsequently altered:

Consignor.

Address.

Car No.

Kind of 1 Grading factors as deter- grain. mined by inspector.

Grading fac- tors as altered.

Farmers' Grain & Livestock Com- pany.

Farmers'- Union Elevator Co.

Brookings Grain Company.

Farmers' Union Elevator Co.

Saron ville, Nebr.

Harvard, Nebr.

Inland, Nebr.

Harvard, Nebr.

Pa.

66922

CB. &Q.

109657 C. N. W.

100146 R. F. P. 2414

Wheat . No. 5 hard winter; dock- age 2 per cent.

Wheat . Sample grade hard win- ter; dockage 1 per cent.

Wheat . Sample grade hard win- ter: dockage 1 per cent.

Wheat . No. 5 hard winter; dock- age 1 per cent; test 1 weight 51.7 pounds.

Dockage 1 per cent.

No dockage.

No dockage; test weight 52.7 pounds.

Markets 67.] SERVICE AND

REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

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Consignor.

Address.

Car No.

Kind of grain.

Grading factors as deter- mined by inspector.

Farmers' Union Elevat or Co.

Brookings Grain Company.

Farmers' Union Elevator Co.

Farmers' Union Cooperative As- sociation.

Farmers' Coopera- tive Co.

Brookings Grain Company.

Farmers'Union Ele- vator Co.

Farmers' Elevator Company.

Farmers' Union Co- operative Associa- tion.

Babb Elevator Com- pany.

Farmers' Coopera- tive Co.

Farmers' Union Co- operative Associa- tion.

Farmers' Union Ele- vator Co.

Farmers' Union Co- operative Associa- tion.

Farmers' Union Ele- vator Co.

Farmers' Grain Company.

Brookines Grain Company.

Farmers' Coopera- tive Co.

C. H. Kruse

Quaker Oats Com-

panv. F. E. 'Jewell

Fanners' Union Co- operative Associa- tion.

Farmers' Coopera- tive Elevator Company.

42459°— 21-

llarvard, Nebr.

Inland, Nebr..

Harvard, Nebr.

Cedar Bluffs, Nebr.

Ithaca, Nebr.

Cedar Bluffs, Nebr.

Ceresco, Nebr.

Wahoo, Nebr..

Inland, Nebr...

Harvard, Nebr.

Eldorado, Nebr.

Ceresco, Nebr..

Wakonda, S.D.

Wahoo, Nebr. .

Cedar Bluffs, Nebr.

Harvard, Nebr.

Cedar Bluffs, Nebr.

Harvard, Nebr

Cedar Bluffs, Nebr.

Harvard, Nebr

S a r o n v i 1 1 e, Nebr.

Inland, Nebr...

Eldorado, Nebr.

Wahoo, Nebr. .

Silver City, la..

Meriden, la

Crescent, la

Ithaca, Nebr...

Blanchard, la..

Big Four

56112 N. Y.C.

211041 C. N. W.

112510 C.N. W.

12G73S

Pa. 272G0

C. St. P. M. O.

28280

S. L. S. F. 128127

C. O. 701

N. Y.C. 1G0921

Pa.

24375

M. Sz O. 17446

M.C. 51998

G. H. & S. A. 37974

D. R. G.

G6413

G. R.I. 1570

G. N.

25435

C. R. I. & P.

33102

A. T. S. F.

18396

C. N. W. 129104

St. L. <fc S. F. 123632

P. L. E.

80S57

C. N. W. 134000 L. V. 78GS3

P. R. 12495

So. 150363

p. if.

41740 C. R. I. & P.

57680

C. N. W.

92558

c. c. c.

& St. L. 54394

Wheat . Wheat . Wheat . Corn . . .

Corn...

Wheat .

Wheat.

Wheat .

Corn. ..

Corn...

Corn . . .

Corn. . .

Wheat.

Corn...

Wheat .

Wheat . Wheat .

Wheat.

Wheat . Oats . . . Corn. . .

Wheat .

Wheat.

No. 4 yellow hard win- ter; no dockage.

No. 5 hard winter; dock- age 1 per cent.

No. 6 yellow; moisture content 22.4 per cent.

No. 3 White; moisture content 16.2 per cent.

No. 1 hard winter; no dockage: test weight 60 pounds.

No. 1 hard winter; no dockage; test weight

60.7 pounds.

No. 1 hard winter; no dockage; test weight 60.3 pounds.

No. 5 hard winter; no dockage; te;t weigh

51.8 pounds.

No. 5 hard winter; no dockage; test weight

51.2 pounds. Sample grade hard win- ter: dockage 1 per cent; test weight 45.3 pounds

No. 5 White; moisturo content 21 per cent.

No 5 yellow; moisture content 21.2 per cent.

No. 3 yellow; damage other tiian by heat 5 per cent.

No. 3 yellow; moisture content 16* per cent.

Sample grade hard win- ter; dockage 1 per cent; test weight 50.4 pounds.

No 3 mixed; test weight 53.7 pounds.

No. 4 hard winter; no dockage; test weight 54 pounds.

No. 1 hard winter; no dockage; test weight

60.3 pounds.

No. 4 nard winter; no dockage: test weight

54.4 pounds.

No. 4 hard winter; no dockage; test weight 55.3 pounds.

No. 5 hard winter; dock- age 1 per cent.

No. 4 hard winter; no dockage; test weight 54 pounds.

No. 1 hard winter; dock- age 1 per cent; test weight 60.2 pounds.

No. 5 hard winter; dock- age 1 per cent.

No. 3 white; test weight

29.5 pounds.

No. 4 yellow; moisture content 19.4 per cent.

No. 1 hard winter; no

dockage; tost weight

60.2 pounds. No. 1 nard winter; no

dockage; test weight

01.2 pounds.

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Consignor.

Address.

Car No.

Kind of Grading factors as deter- grain. mined by inspector.

Farmers' "Cnion El- vator Co.

Steele Grain Com- pany.

Brookings Grain Company.

Farmers' Coopera- tive Elevator Company.

Blanc-hard Mill & Elevator Co.

Blanchard Mill & Elevator Co.

Farmers' Union Co- operative Co.

Harvard, Nebr.

Strahan, la

Inland, Nebr. . . Blanchard, la.. Blanchard, la.. Blanchard, la.. Blanchard, la..

Cedar Bluffs, Nebr.

C. X. w.

112733

A. T. S. F. G.

27380

P.M.

33107

I. C.

34433

L. E. W.

44179

D. L. W.

44020

G. T. P.

307293

TJ. P.

11063

Wheat. Wheat. Wheat. Wheat. Wheat. Wheat . Wheat. Corn . . .

Sample grade hard win- ter; no dockage; test weight 48.5 pounds.

No. 1 hard winter; no dockage; test weight 60.5 pounds.

No. 5 hard winter; dock- age 1 per cent; test weight 52.5 pounds.

No. 4 hard winter: no dockage: test weight 60.5 pounds.

No. 1 hard winter; no dockage; test weight 60.4 pounds.

No. 2 hard winter; no dockage; test weight 5S.1 pounds.

No. 2 hard winter; no dockage; test weight 59.7 pounds.

No. 6 yellow; moisture content 17.6 per cent.

That the profit, if any, made possible by changing the pan tickets as herein set forth, was in the majority of instances reflected back to the shipper, but that in some cases it was retained by Cope & Kearney.

That the changes in the pan tickets herein referred to resulted in the grain in each of the shipments involved herein being sold or offered for sale under a description or designation which was false and misleading within the purview of Section 5 of the United States grain standards Act.

I further find that the changes in the pan tickets herein referred to were apparently made without the knowledge, consent or permission of Elmer A. Cope or Fannie A. Cope, and that Elmer A. Cope appears to have endeavored to make all parties whole who suffered loss by reason of such changes.

In witness whereof, I have set my hand and caused the seal of the Department of Agriculture to be affixed in the District of Columbia on this 25th day of Feb- ruary, 1921.

E. D. Ball, Acting Secretary of Agriculture,

Findings in the case of the Samuel Hastings Co.

Pursuant to the authority vested in the Secretary of Agriculture by the United States grain standards Act and otherwise by law applica- ble to the Department of Agriculture, an investigation was made of alleged facts and circumstances relating to certain shipments of grain by the Samuel Hastings Company, of Cairo, Illinois. After due notice

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to the Samuel Hastings Company and to the licensed inspectors who inspected the grain involved herein, and to other interested parties, a hearing in respect to such shipments was held before an official of the Department of Agriculture at Cairo, 111., on May 17 to 19, 1920, in- clusive, and at Chicago, 111., on June 2, 1920, at which times and places appeared representatives of the Samuel Hastings Company and other interested parties and submitted testimony, and other oral and documentary evidence was introduced. Upon consideration of all the evidence presented at said hearings, I do hereby determine and order to be published my findings as follows :

1. That the Samuel Hastings Company, on or about February 4, 1920, through W. B. Potter, of Spartanburg, S. C, entered into a con- tract with the Norman-Murphy Company, of Union, S. C, calling for the shipment of one car of oats to the Norman-Murphy Company at Union, S. C, at the price of $1.10£ per bushel; that on February 4, 1920, W. B. Potter sent to the Samuel Hastings Company the follow- ing telegram:

Book Norman-Murphy Union car alliance drowned path blameless, which telegram, according to the Robinson telegraphic cipher, reads: Book Norman-Murphy Union car No. 2 white oats $1.10$ first half of February.

•

that on February 5, 1920, the Samuel Hastings Company confirmed said sale to the Norman-Murphy Company as "One car (skd) Uncle Sam fancy white oats (bleached) $1.10^ Union *** Cairo weights Federal inspection final"; that the oats contained in car designated as P. R. R. 77688 were inspected and graded at Cairo, 111., by an in- spector licensed under the United States grain standards Act, and on February 18, 1920, a certificate was issued by such inspector and re- ceived by the Samuel Hastings Company stating the grade of the oats contained therein to be No. 3 white bleached, according to the official grain standards of the United States; that on or about that date, the Samuel Hastings Company, in fulfillment of said contract, shipped from Cairo, 111., to the Norman-Murphy Company at Union, S. C, the oats contained in said car; that the Samuel Hastings Com- pany forwarded to the Norman-Murphy Company an invoice dated February 19, 1920, in which the oats contained in said car were desig- nated as " Uncle Sam oats, 48,000£, at $1.10£", together with the inspection certificate relating to such shipment, which, when received by the Norman-Murphy Company, had been altered by an unknown person so that it read "No. 2 white bleached" instead of "No. 3 white bleached" as originally issued.

2. That on or about January 31, 1920, the Samuel Hastings Com- pany, through W. B. Potter, of Spartanburg, S. C, entered into a contract with A. L. MahafTey, of Laurens, S. C, calling for the ship- ment of one car of No. 2 white oats to A. L. Mahaffey at Laurens,

12

BUREAU OE MARKETS.

[S. It. A.

S. C., at SI. 12 per bushel; that on January 31, 1920, W. B. Potter sent to the Samuel Hastings Company a telegram reading: Book A. L. Mahaffey Laurens car alliance drowning blameless.

which telegram, according to the Robinson telegraphic cipher, reads:

Book A. L. Mahaffey Laurens car No. 2 white oats $1.12 first half February.

that on said date, the Samuel Hastings Company confirmed said sale to A. L. Mahaffey as "One car (skd) Uncle Sam oats (bleached) $1.12 * * * Cairo weights Federal inspection final"; that the oats con- tained in car designated as P. R. R. 26316 were inspected and graded at Cairo, 111., by an inspector licensed under the United States grain standards Act, and on February 18, 1920, a certificate was issued by such inspector and received by the Samuel Hastings Company stating the grade of the oats contained therein to be No. 3 white bleached, according to the official grain standards of the United States; that on or about February 18, 1920, the Samuel Hastings Company, in fulfill- ment of said contract, shipped from Cairo, 111., to A. L. Mahaffey, at Laurens, S. C, the oats contained in said car; that the Samuel Has- tings Company forwarded to A. L. Mahaffey an invoice dated Feb- ruary 18, 1920, in which the oats contained in said car were designated as " Uncle Sam oats, 56,000$, at $1.12", together with the inspection certificate relating to such shipment, which, when received by A. L. Mahaffey, had been altered by an unknown person to read "No. 2 white bleached" instead of "No. 3 white bleached" as originally issued.

3. That on or about February 4, 1920, the Samuel Hastings Com- pany entered into a contract with the A. Blanton Grocery Company, of Marion, N. C, calling for the shipment of one car of Uncle Sam oats to the A. Blanton Grocery Company at that place, at the price of $1.10 per bushel, "Cairo weights Federal inspection final " ; that the oats contained in car designated as So. 136539 were inspected and graded at Cairo, 111., by an inspector licensed under the United States grain standards Act, and on February 17, 1920, a certificate was issued by such inspector and received by the Samuel Hastings Company stating the grade of the oats contained therein to be No. 3 white oats, according to the official grain standards of the United States ; that on or about that date, the Samuel Hastings Company, in fulfillment of said contract, shipped from Cairo, 111., to the A. Blanton Grocery Company, at Marion, N. C, the oats contained in said car; that the Samuel Hastings Company forwarded to the A. Blanton Grocery Company an invoice dated February 17, 1920, in which the oats in said car were designated as "Uncle Sam oats, 56,000$, at $1.10", together with the inspection certificate relating to such shipment, which, when received by the A. Blanton Grocery Company, had been altered by an unknown person so as to read "No. 2 white oats" instead of "No. 3 white oats" as originally issued.

Markets 67.] SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

13

4. That on or about December 2, 1919, the Samuel Hastings Com- pany entered into a contract with the Farmers' Warehouse Company, of Oxford, Miss., calling for the shipment of 300 sacks of No. 2 White Oats, bleached, to said Farmers' Warehouse Company at Oxford, Miss., at 960 per bushel; that the oats contained in car designated as N. & W. 64869 were inspected and graded at Cairo, 111., by an in- spector licensed under the United States grain standards Act, and on December 4, 1919, a certificate was issued by such inspector stating the grade of the oats contained therein to be No. 3 white bleached oats, according to the official grain standards of the United States; that on or about December 4, 1919, the Samuel Hastings Company, in fulfillment of said contract, shipped from Cairo, 111., to the Farmers' Warehouse Company at Oxford, Miss., the oats contained in said car; that the Samuel Hastings Company forwarded to the Farmers' Warehouse Company an invoice dated December 4, 1919, in which the oats in said car were designated as " Uncle Sam oats" and in which the price per bushel was stated as 960, which is the same price as that stipulated in said contract for No. 2 white oats.

5. That on or about December 1, 1919, the Samuel Hastings Com- pany entered into a contract with the Hurst-Boillin Company, of Clarksville, Tenn., calling for the shipment of 600 sacks of No. 2 white oats, bleached, " Cairo weights Federal inspection final", to the Hurst-Boillin Company at that place, at 90^0 per bushel; that the oats contained in car designated as C. M. & St. P. 57646 were inspected and graded at Cairo, 111., by an inspector licensed under the United States grain standards Act, and on December 4, 1919, a certificate was issued by such inspector stating the grade of the oats contained therein to be No. 3 white bleached oats, according to the official grain standards of the United States; that on or about December 4, 1919, the Samuel Hastings Company, in part fulfillment of said con- tract, shipped from Cairo, 111., to the Hurst-Boillin Company at Clarks- ville, Tenn., the oats contained in said car; that the Samuel Hastings Company forwarded to the Hurst-Boillin Company an invoice dated December 4, 1919, in which the oats contained in said car were desig- nated as "Uncle Sam oats" and in which the price per bushel was stated as which is the same price as that stipulated in said con- tract for No. 2 white oats.

6. That on or about November 13, 1919, the Samuel Hastings Company, through C. W. Kittleman & Company, of Greenville, Miss., entered into a contract with The Goyer Company, of that place, calling for the shipment of 400 sacks of No. 2 yellow corn to The Goyer Company at Greenville, Miss., at $1.74£ per bushel; that the corn contained in car designated as N. Y. C. 195284 was inspected and graded at Cairo, 111., by an inspector licensed under the United States grain standards Act, and on November 20, 1919, a certificate

14

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[S. R. A.

was issued by such inspector stating the grade of the corn contained therein to be No. 3 yellow corn, according to the official grain stand- ards of the United States; that on or about that date, the Samuel Hastings Company, in fulfillment of said contract, shipped from Cairo, 111., to The Goyer Company at Greenyille, Miss., the corn con- tained in said car; that the Samuel Hastings Company forwarded to The Goyer Company an invoice dated Noy ember 18, 1919, in which the corn contained in said car was designated as " yellow corn", at the price of $1.74£ per bushel, which is the same price as that stipulated in said contract for No. 2 yellow corn.

7. That on or about January 21, 1920, the Samuel Hastings Com- pany entered into a contract with the Victory Milling Company, of Rock Hill, S. C, calling for the sale and shipment of one car-load of No. 2 white oats to the Victory Milling Company at that place, at the price of $1.10 per bushel; that on January 21, 1920, the Victory Milling Company addressed to the Samuel Hastings Company a letter reading in part as follows:

In confirmation of wires exchanged today, please ship to us next week minimum car (1500 bushels) No. 2 white oats, new even weight 5-bushel sacks, at $1.10 per bushel * * * .

that on January 21, 1920, the Samuel Hastings Company addressed to the Victory Milling Company a letter reading in part as follows :

In response to your telegram of even date, we wired you offering Xo. 2 White oats, $1.10, minimum 1,500 bushels * * * terms, arrival draft with exchange. Federal grades determined at point of loading governing final settlement.

that the oats contained in car designated C. & A. 15779 were inspected and graded at Cairo, 111., by an inspector licensed under the United States grain standards Act, and on February 7, 1920, a certificate was issued therefor by such inspector stating the grade of the oats contained therein to be No. 3 white bleached oats, according to the official grain standards of the United States; that on or about Feb- ruary 7, 1920, the Samuel Hastings Company, in fulfillment of said contract, shipped from Cairo, 111., to the Victory Milling Company at Rock Hill, S. C, the oats contained in said car; that the Samuel Hastings Company forwarded to the Victory Milling Company an invoice dated February 7, 1920, in which the oats contained in said car were designated as " Uncle Sam oats", at the price of $1.10 per bushel, which is the same price as that stipulated in said contract for No. 2 white oats.

8. That on or about January 5, 1920, the Samuel Hastings Compan}T, through John R. King & Company, of Hattiesburg, Miss., entered into a contract with the Hattiesburg Grocery Company, of that place, calling for the shipment of 3 cars of No. 2 white oats to the Hattiesburg Grocery Company at Hattiesburg, Miss., at the price of $1.03 per bushel; that on January 5, 1920, the Samuel Hast-

Markets 67.] SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

15

ings Company sent a telegram to John R. King & Company relative to this transaction, reading in part:

Confirm Hattiesburg Grocery affray alliance distance.

which, according to the Robinson telegraphic cipher, reads:

Confirm Hattiesburg Grocery 3 carloads No. 2 white oats $1.03 * * * .

that on January 5, 1920, the Samuel Hastings Company sent by mail to the Eattiesburg Grocery Company a confirmation of said sale as "Three cars sacked Uncle Sam white oats (bleached) $1.03 * * * Cairo terms official weights and inspection final"; that on January 17, 1920, the Samuel Hastings Company addressed a letter to the Hattiesburg Grocery Company reading in part as follows:

According to our records, these oats were sold and confirmed as Uncle Pam brand fancy white oats, without reference to grade. We use only the best selections of country run stock in filling orders of this brand, and use only plain sacks in packing No. 3 and off-grade oats. Our Uncle Sam frequently grade No. 1 and never below No. 2.

that the oats contained in car designated M. K. & T. 90266 were inspected and graded at Ca ro, 111., by an inspector licensed under the United States grain standards Act, and on January 10, 1920, a certificate was issued therefor by such inspector stating the grade of the oats contained therein to be No. 4 white bleached oats, according to the official grain standards of the United States; that on or about January 10, 1920, the Samuel Hastings Company, in part fulfillment of said contract, shipped from Cairo, 111., to the Hattiesburg Grocery Company at Hattiesburg, Miss., the oats contained in said car; that the Samuel Hastings Company forwarded to said Hattiesburg Gro- cery Company an invoice dated January 10, 1920, in which the oats in said car were designated as " Uncle Sam oats", at the price of SI. 03 per bushel, which is the price stipulated in said contract for No. 2 white oats.

9. That on or about February 23, 1920, the Samuel Hastings Company, through Petner & Beusse, of Greenville, S. C, entered into a contract with G. E. Turner, of Anderson, S. C, calling for the shipment of one car of No. 2 red oats to said G. E. Turner at that place, at the price of S1.13J per bushel; that the oats contained in car designated C. B. & Q. 13082S were inspected and graded at Cairo, 111., by an inspector licensed under the United States grain standards Act, and on March 10, 1920, a certificate was issued therefor by such inspector stating the grade of the oats contained therein to be No. 2 white bleached oats, according to the official grain standards of the United States; that on or about March 10, 1920, the Samuel Hastings Company, in fulfillment of said contract, shipped from Cairo, 111., to G. E. Turner, at Anderson, S. C, the oats contained in said car; that the Samuel Hastings Company forwarded to G. E. Turner an

16

BUREAU OF MARKETS.

[S. R. A.

invoice dated March 10, 1920, in which the oats contained in said car were designated as "red oats", at the price of $1.13^ per bushel, which is the same price as that stipulated in said contract for No. 2 red oats.

10. That on or about December 26, 1919, the Samuel Hastings Company, through H. F. Barkerding, of Charleston, S. C, entered into a contract with H. T. Foster, of Charleston, S. C, calling for the shipment of two cars of No. 2 white oats to said H. T. Foster at that place, at the price of 11.03^ per bushel; that on December 24, 1919, H. F. Barkerding sent to the Samuel Hastings Company a telegram reading :

Sold Foster absconded alliance ballast border duplicate boundary distance tread.

which telegram, according to the Robinson telegraphic cipher, reads :

Sold Foster 2,000 bushels No. 2 white oats uniform packages immediately duplicate within ten days $1.03 answer by telegraph immediately.

to which the Samuel Hastings Company replied by telegraph on De- cember 24, 1919:

Sorry unable confirm Foster half low early botany earliest possible, which telegram, according to the Robinson telegraphic cipher, reads:

Sorry unable confirm Foster half low early next week early as possible.

to which last mentioned telegram H. F. Barkerding replied on De- cember 26, 1919:

Enter Fosters order per your wire.

that on December 26, 1919, the Samuel Hastings Company confirmed said sale to H. T. Foster as "Two cars (about 400 sx each) Uncle Sam fancy white oats (bleached) $1.03^ * * * Cairo weights Federal inspection final7'; that the oats contained in car designated as I. C. 22868 were inspected and graded at Cairo, 111., by an inspector licensed under the United States grain standards Act, and that a certificate was issued therefor by such inspector on January 10, 1920, stating the grade of the oats contained therein to be No. 4 white oats, according to the official grain standards of the United States; that on or about January 10, 1920, the Samuel Hastings Company, in part fulfillment of said contract, shipped from Cairo, 111., to H. T. Foster, of Charleston, S. C, the oats contained in said car; that the Samuel Hastings Company forwarded to H. T. Foster an invoice dated Janu- ary 10, 1920, in which the oats in said car were designated as "Uncle Sam oats", at the price of SI. 03 J per bushel, which is the price stipulated in said contract for No. 2 white oats.

11. That on or about July 22, 1919, the Samuel Hastings Company entered into a contract with the A. E. Rankin Company, of Fayette- ville, N. C, calling for the shipment of one car of No. 2 mixed oats to

Markets 67.] SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

17

the A. E. Rankin Company at that place, at the price of 97^0 per bushel, "Cairo terms official weights and inspection final"; that the oats contained in car designated as C. B. & Q. 104797 were inspected and graded at Cairo, 111., by an inspector licensed under the United States grain standards Act, who issued a certificate therefor on July 24, 1919, stating the grade of the oats contained therein to be No. 3 mixed oats, according to the official grain standards of the United States; that on or about that date, the Samuel Hastings Company, in part fulfillment of said contract, shipped from Cairo, 111., to the A. E. Rankin Company, at Fayetteville, N. C, the oats contained in said car; that the Samuel Hastings Company forwarded to the A. E. Rankin Company an invoice dated July 24, 1919, in which the oats contained in said car were designated as No. 2 mixed oats, at the price of 97^0 per bushel, which is the same price as that stipulated in said contract for No. 2 mixed oats.

12. That in making the representations with reference to the grade of the grain involved in each of the shipments above referred to, the Samuel Hastings Company violated the following provision of Section 5 of the United States grain standards Act:

That no person, except as permitted in section 4, shall represent that any grain shipped or delivered for shipment in interstate or foreign commerce is of a grade fixed in the official grain standards other than as shown by a certificate therefor ' issued in compliance with this A ct.

In witness whereof, I have set my hand and caused the seal of the Department of Agriculture to be affixed in the District of Columbia on this First day of March, 1921.

E. D. Ball, Acting Secretary of Agriculture.

Findings in the case of tbe-Jansen- Milling Company.

Pursuant to the authority vested in the Secretary of Agriculture by the United States grain standards Act and otherwise by law applicable to the Department of Agriculture, an investigation was made of alleged facts and circumstances relating to the shipment by the Jansen Milling Company from Jansen, Nebraska, of a carload of shelled corn consigned to the Blair Elevator Corporation, Atchison, Kansas, pursuant to a contract theretofore entered into between the Jansen Milling Company and O. Vanier, of Fairbury, Nebraska. After due notice to the Jansen Milling Company, O. Vanier and K. O. d oke, the licensed inspector who inspected the grain, a hearing in respect to said shipment was held before an official of the Department of Agriculture at St. Joseph, Missouri, December 15, 1920, at which time and place O. Vanier, P. J. Thiessen in behalf of the Jansen

18

BUREAU OF MARKETS.

[S. R. A.

Milling Company, and licensed inspector R. O. Cooke appeared and submitted testimony. Other oral and documentary evidence was then and there introduced.

Upon consideration of all the evidence presented at the hearing, I do hereby determine and order to be published my findings as fol- lows:

That on or about November 5, 1920, O. Vanier entered into a con- tract for the purchase rom the Jansen Milling Company, Jansen, Nebraska, of one carload of No. 4, or better, white corn, for shipment in interstate commerce from Jansen, Nebraska, to Atchison, Kansas, Atchison weights, official grades, and that O. Vanier instructed the Jansen Milling Company to ship the grain to the Blair Elevator Cor- poration at Atchison, Kansas.

That in compliance with said contract and instructions from O. Vanier, the Jansen Milling Company, on or about November 5, 1920, shipped from Jansen, Nebraska, to the Blair Elevator Corporation at Atchison, Kansas, the shelled corn contained in N. H. car No. 90854.

That upon its arrival at Atchison, Kansas, the corn in said car was, on November 10, 1920, inspected and graded by an inspector licensed under the United States grain standards Act, who on that date issued his inspection certificate No. 14060 showing the grade of the corn to be No. 3 white, moisture 17%, according to the official grain standards of the United States for shelled corn. It is further found that O. Vanier sold said shelled corn through the Blair Elevator Corporation as No. 3 white.

That on or about November 10, 1920, said licensed inspector delivered said inspection certificate to the Blair Elevator Corpora- tion, which, in turn, mailed it to O. Vanier at Fairbury, Nebraska; that upon its receipt the certificate was altered by Mr. Vanier, this being admitted by him, without the knowledge or consent of the licensed inspector, by changing the grade stated thereon to read "No. 4 white" instead of "No. 3 white", and the percentage of mois- ture to read "18%" instead of "17%", and mailed said inspection certificate so altered by him to the Jansen Milling Company, Jansen, Nebraska, together with a sales memorandum reading in part as follows :

Shipped car 90854 N. H. Graded No. 4 white and applied on contract. No dock. 66,000 pounds.

That by the means of the above mentioned alterations, O. V anier wilfully and intentionally destroyed the value of said document as an inspection certificate; and further, that by the means of said acts, he represented to the Jansen Milling Company that the shelled corn involved had graded No. 4 white at Atchison, Kansas, such repre- sentations as to the grade of said corn being contrary to the certifi-

Markets 67.] SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS. 19

cate therefor, as issued by said licensed inspector, and to the follow- ing provision of Section 5 of the United States grain standards Act: That no person, except as permitted in section 4, shall represent that any grain shipped or delivered for shipment in interstate or foreign commerce is of a grade fixed in the official grain standards other than as shown by a certificate therefor issued in compliance with this Act.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the Department of Agriculture to be a dixed in the District of Columbia on this Thirtieth day of March, 1921.

Henry C. Wallace, Secretary of Agriculture.

Violations of Section 4 of the United States Grain Standards Act.

On December 20, 1920, M. T. Cummings, Lincoln, Nebraska, en- tered a plea of guilty in the United States District Court for the Dis- trict of Nebraska to seven counts of an information previously filed against him alleging violations of Section 4 of the United States grain standards Act. The information as filed contained 14 counts and alleged that the defendant had sold by grade and shipped in inter- state commerce from Lincoln, Nebraska, an inspection point under the United States grain standards Act, 14 lots of shelled corn and oats without having the same inspected and graded by a licensed in- spector, in violation of Section 4 of the said Act. A fine of $10 was imposed on each of the seven counts to which a plea of guilty was entered; total fine $70, and the remaining seven counts were dis- missed.

On November 24, 1920, the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Illinois filed two criminal informations in the United States District Court against Samuel Hastings Company, Cairo, Illinois, alleging violations of Section 4 of the United States grain standards Act. The informations contained 13 counts and alleged that the defendant had sold by grade and shipped in interstate commerce from Cairo, Illinois, an inspection point under said Act, certain quan- tities of shelled corn without having the same inspected and graded by a licensed inspector, in violation of Section 4 of the law. On February 25, 1021, the defendant entered a plea of guilty to each of the 13 counts in the informations and a fine of $25 was imposed on each count; total fine $325.

WASHINGTON' ! GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFKF '. 1921

/

B. A.

Markets 68

UNITED STATES

*

Issued May, 1921

DEP ARTME NT OF AGRICULTURE

BUREAU OF MARKETS

GEORGE LIVINGSTON, CHIEF

SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS

(Markets) No. 68 1

COMPLETE LISTS OF WAREHOUSEMEN, CLASSIFIERS, INSPECTORS, GRADERS, AND WEIGHERS LICENSED UNDER THE UNITED STATES WAREHOUSE ACT

LISTS OF LICENSES ISSUED PRIOR TO APRIL 1, 1921

CONTENTS

Page

Cotton - -- -- -- - 2

Grain - - - - - - - * - - 17

Wool - 24

Arkansas Insurance Credit Increased 25

> Previous numbers in this series which relate to the U. 8. warehouse Act are Nob. 27, 53, 57, 61, and 66.

WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1921

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ACTION OF THE ARKANSAS FIRE PREVENTION BUREAU INCREASING THE CREDIT GRANTED TO LICENSED WAREHOUSES IN THE STATE OF ARKANSAS.

In a previous number of this series of Service and Regulatory Announcements (markets No. 61) announcement was made of credits granted by the various fire-insurance rate-making agencies having jurisdiction in the South on insurance rates on contents of licensed cotton warehouses, including the statement that the Arkansas Actuarial Bureau at Little Rock, Ark., had granted a reduction of 25 per cent of the final rate produced by application of its current schedules to nonsprinklered licensed warehouses and 10 per cent of such rate to licensed warehouses equipped with automatic sprinklers.

Since the issuance of S. R. A. No. 61 a letter has been received from Mr. T. F. Baker, manager of the Arkansas Fire Prevention Bureau (Successor to the Arkansas Actuarial Bureau), under date of December 31, 1920, in tether reference to the matter, an extract from which is as follows :

' ' We also note from the pamphlet in which you discuss cotton warehouses and the effect which the licensing and the bonding of a warehouse will have in the various jurisdictions from a fire-insurance-rating standpoint, that Arkansas is credited with allowing a 10% reduction in sprinklered risks and 25% in unsprinklered risks. We wish to advise, however, that this information is not exactly correct. The advices received by your department respecting this matter in the past were only tentative, and the bureau had taken no official action with respect to the subject until it was actually called upon to rate a warehouse that had been bonded and licensed under the United States warehouse Act. Our first request for such a rating came in October of the present year, and I am pleased to advise that at that time we filed for the account of our sub- scribers with the State insurance department the necessary amendment to our cotton schedules, which provides a 25% credit off of the final rate arrived at from a correct application of the schedule, and which is applicable to both sprinklered and unsprinklered risks alike.

' ' Believing that the above information will be interesting to your department, I have taken advantage of the opportunity to so advise.

25

26

BUREAU OF MARKETS.

[S. R. A.

"Assuring you of the full cooperation of this bureau in every matter of mutual interest and asking that you call on us at any time we can be of assistance."

In accordance with the above letter aL cotton warehouses in the State of Arkansas becoming licensed under the United States ware- house Act are receiving a credit of 25 per cent of the final rate pro- duced by application of the current schedules of the Arkansas Fire Prevention Bureau.

WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1921

Issued November, 1921

S. R. A.— Markets 69

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates

H. C. TAYLOR, Chief

SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS

(MARKETS)

No. 69

SUGGESTIONS FOR AN ORDINANCE TO ESTABLISH, LOCATE, REGULATE, AND MAINTAIN A PUBLIC FARMERS' MAR- KET, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES :

WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1921

SUGGESTIONS FOR AN ORDINANCE TO ESTABLISH, LOCATE, REGULATE, AND MAINTAIN A PUBLIC FARMERS' MARKET, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

When officials in communities which have had no experience with public markets decide to establish such agencies, they are often at a loss in regard to the terms of the market ordinance to be adopted.

In many cases where ordinances of neighboring cities have been copied difficulties have been encountered owing to differences in the size of the communities, the character of their populations, or other local conditions. A comprehensive, suggestive ordinance including provisions that have been found useful in a large number of communi- ties, together with comments on the relative importance of the pro- visions, should prove useful to communities newly entering the public market field. In the following pages an effort is made to present such a suggestive ordinance including the provisions that have been suc- cessfully used in a number of large and small cities in the United States, and to point out under what conditions a given provision will be more desirable than the alternative provisions suggested in the same or other sections.

It should be noted that the suggestive ordinance relates to pro- ducers' or farmers' markets, which are usually held in the open or under sheds. The ordinance is not applicable to the type of market commonly known as the " inclosed market," which consists of a series of stalls, booths, or stores operated by professional dealers, situated in a building.

It should be understood that the legal power to permit the use of city streets for market purposes as provided in certain sections of the suggestive ordinance is not possessed by all cities. A city or municipal corporation is a creature of the State within which it is situated and can exercise only such powers as have been granted it by the State. The laws of the State relating to a municipality in which the passage of a market ordinance is contemplated, should be examined, therefore, to determine the powers that it may prop- erly exercise.

In municipalities which do not possess the power to grant the use of public streets for market purposes, it may be found entirely feasible to establish and operate markets on vacant lots leased for the purpose or on property owned by the city. Even the power to create a market on private or city property should not be taken for

68534- 21 3

4

BUREAU OF MARKETS AIsTD CROP ESTIMATES.

[S. R. A.

granted, however, but the State laws relating to the matter should be carefully studied.

In making use of the following suggestive ordinance it should be kept constantly in mind that while a number of suggestions are made under nearly every head, it is intended that committees drafting an actual ordinance for local use will select only such provisions as satisfactorily meet local needs, and reject all others. A small town, for example, will have fewer problems and usually can operate a market successfully under a brief, general ordinance. It is, of course, impossible to present here all practicable alternatives.

A full suggestive ordinance follows. Comments on certain pro- visions follow the ordinance.

SUGGESTIONS FOR AN ORDINANCE TO ESTABLISH, LOCATE, REGULATE, AND MAINTAIN A PUBLIC FARMERS' MARKET AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.1

Section I. (DEFINITIONS.)

1. In this ordinance words import singular or plural as the case demands.

2. "Persons" includes natural persons, partnerships, associations, and corporations.

3. " Producer " means a person who is actually engaged in the business of growing farm products on land owned or leased by himself, or a member of the family of such person, or an employee of such person for a salary or wage.

4. " Huckster " means a person who sells on the city streets or alleys (or who sells on the public market) farm products not produced by himself which he has purchased for resale or which he has received on consignment for sale, provided that a producer who sells the products of another pro- ducer in conformance with the provisions of Section VIII shall not be con- sidered a huckster.

5. " Consumer " means a person buying produce for the purpose of consuming it himself or of selling it in prepared form in a restaurant, hotel, or other eating place.

6. "Public market" or " market" means the space designated in this or other like ordinances on which shall be carried on the buying and selling of farm products during specified days and hours.

7. " Vendor " means one who sells on the market, whether a producer or other dealer.

8. " Forestalling " means to intercept a producer on his way to the public market and to buy up a part or all of his product, or to dissuade him from proceeding to the public market, for the purpose of reselling goods so bought, or of decreasing the amounts or enhancing the prices of products offered for sale on such market.

1 Material printed in black type covers provisions that are considered most important. An ordinance embodying only the black-type provisions would be about the briefest ordinance that could be expected to cover the situation under most favorable conditions, and where details would be taken care of by rules and regulations. Suggestions in parentheses () are to be changed or omitted or selection is to be made among them as local conditions dictate. Material in brackets [] is explanatory and is not intended to be a part of the ordinance.

Markets 69.] SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

5

Section II. (ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MARKET.)

1. There Is hereby established a public market, hereinafter called the

market, which shall be located on [Specify exact location,

whether on certain streets or on certain lots inside the property lines. Select only the provisions among those printed in parentheses (or small type) following, which are actually needed to meet your local conditions. Make necessary changes.] (and shall be known as the public market.)

2. (The space to be so used shall be laid out (by the market master) with (suitable roadways and) stall spaces (eight) feet in width, and such spaces shall be numbered.)

3. (In laying out stall spaces for the market (the market master) shall make pro- vinous fr>r reasonable ingress and egress to property by owners and lessees of such property and those having business with them.)

4. (It shall be unlawful for owners or lessees of property to charge or collect fees from occupants of stall spaces on the market in front of such property.)

5. (Ample space for the passage of traffic (in one direction) shall be left at all times in the middle of the streets and roadways, parts of which are designated herein for use as a market.)

0. (It shall be unlawful for any person to place, set up, keep or maintain any booth, stand, table, box, board, shelf or other object for the purpose of selling or offering for sale therefrom any article or thing in any street, avenue, alley or public place except such portions of streets, avenues, alleys and public places as shall have been by ordinance established and designated as market places.)

7. (All vending of farm products to dealers or consumers on the city streets or alleys by producers (and hucksters) shall be prohibited during the hours when the public market is open.)

8. (Deliveries of farm products may be made during market hours by producers not attending the market provided the goods have been bought or ordered previous to the market day on which they are delivered. )

9. (Producers who desire to leave the public market prior to the closing hour may deliver before the closing hour products which have been sold on the market, pro- vided the said producers secure written permission from the market master on forms provided.)

Section III. (PURPOSE OF THE MARKET.)

1. (The market is established for the purpose of providing a place for the benefit of producers, (and) consumers (and dealers) wherein shall be exposed for sale and sold in the manner hereinafter provided only the products hereinafter provided and such other products as may be provided later (by the administrative agency in gen- eral charge of the markets).)

Section IV. (ADMINISTRATION.)

1. The market shall be under the administration of

[insert the name of the best qualified agency of the city government] (which is hereby empowered to make and enforce, as the occasion demands, such rules and regula- tions for the proper management of the market, not inconsistent with this ordinance, as may be deemed necessary.)

(Provided that any rules and regulations so made may be rescinded or amended by the (city council).)

(It shall be the duty of [the administrative agency] to draft

needed amendments to this ordinance and additional rules and regulations when

necessary, and to submit them to [the executive or legislative

body] for consideration.)

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BUREAU OF MARKETS AXD CROP ESTIMATES.

[S. R. A.

2. (It shall be the duty of the (chief of police) to assign to each market place one or more police officers who shall be in attendance at such market place during all hours when the same is open to the public, and who shall assist the (market inspector) in the enforcement of the provisions of this ordinance.)

Section V. (MARKET FUND.)

1. All moneys derived from the market(s) shall be credited by the (City Treasurer) to a "public market fund," and all expenses of the market(s) shall be charged against that fund, including the salary of the (market master) and any assistants.

Section VI. (OFFICIAL IN DIRECT CHARGE.)

1. There shall be appointed a competent man as (market master) (market manager) (market inspector) (market clerk) who shall be selected by [designate whether by the executive and the legislative body, or by the administrative agency and state whether it must be done ia accordance with or not in accordance with the local civil service requirements. If desired, a policeman, a food inspector, or a sealer of weights and measures can be detailed to have charge of the market.]

2. (The market master's hours of labor shall be fixed by the

[administrative agency] and he shall be paid a sum of $ per )

3. (The duties of the market master shall be such as are indicated in this ordinance and such additional duties as the [administrative agency] (coun- cil) shall determine.)

(In addition to other duties set out in other sections of this ordinance he shall assign stall spaces, collect fees, issue receipts, enforce rules and regulations, supervise and govern the conduct of buyers and sellers, recommend new rules and regulations, or alterations in existing rules and regulations.)

(Endeavor to improve methods of handling and display.)

(Ascertain and make public prevailing prices on the market.)

(Assist in bringing together laborers in search of employment on farms and farmers in search of laborers.)

4. (The (market master) is hereby forbidden to purchase produce or to contract for the purchase thereof on the market for the purpose of reselling such produce or as the agent of another.)

5. (The (market master) shall file with (the city treasurer) a bond for the sum of

$ in form approved by the (city treasurer), conditioned upon the proper

accounting by him of all moneys received by him in his official capacity.)

6. (The (market master) shall be given police powers and shall be in direct charge of the market. He shall be responsible to the [name of adminis- trative agency].)

7. Under the direction of [the name of administrative agency],

he shall keep such books and records as may be deemed necessary by the

[administrative agency] for the conduct of his office and the

[name of administrative agency] shall furnish him with such books, forms, cards, tickets, and other miscellaneous articles as may be necessary for the efficient super- vision of the public market and for the keeping of adequate records.

Section VII. (MARKET PERIODS.)

1. (The market seasons shall be from (June 1 to October 31 and from November 1 to May 31).)

2. (The market days during both seasons shall be (Wednesday and Saturday) (Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday) (all days except Sunday) (all days except legal holidays).)

Markets 69.] SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

7

3. (Market hours during the first season heretofore described shall be from (7 a. m. to 10.30 a. m.) on all market days (except Saturday) (and from (6 a. m. to 2 p. m.) on Saturdays.) Market hours during the second season heretofore described Shall be from (7.30 a. m. to 11 a. m.) on all market days (except Saturdays) (and from (7 a. m. to 2 p. m.) on Saturdays).)

4. (It shall be unlawful to buy or sell on the market except on market days during market hours.)

5. (The (market master) or his assistant shall ring a bell one-half hour before closing time to warn those engaged in buying and selling on the market and again at closing; time.)

Section VIII. (WHO MAY SELL ON THE MARKET.)

1. (Sales may be made on the market by producers (only) (and hucksters) who are permitted to sell by (the market master) in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance.)

2. (When a producer, who is considered by the (market master) a patron of the market, is unable temporarily to come to the public market or when the quantity of his marketable products is too small to warrant his coming, he may send his products to the market to be sold by another producer provided application is made to the (market master) in required form, stating the kind and quantity of products to be so sold and such other information as may be found desirable, and the approval of (the market master) obtained. Except when such approval is given for one producer to sell the products of another producer, a producer will be allowed to sell on the market only products of his own production.)

(The sale or offering for sale of any product not actually produced by the permittee is forbidden, except that farmers may purchase farm products from their neighbor farmers or handle their products when produced by them for their convenience. Violation of this rule will be ground for refusing the use of space.)

(Hucksters may sell on the market fruits, vegetables, and poultry products, and

such other products as the [name of administrative agency]

may from time to time specifically allow.)

(Provided the kind of products so sold is not produced during the season of sale (within the county of ) (within a radius of miles from

).)

(All hucksters who sell on the market shall be segregated, placed in a specifically designated portion of the market separate from producers, which shall be so labeled that no confusion may result in the minds of consumer patrons as to whether they are buying from producers or hucksters.)

Section IX. (METHODS OF SELLING ON THE MARKET.)

1. (No person may sell on the market except from a regular stall space as described in this ordnance, which has been duly assigned to him as hereinafter provided.)

2. (Sales on the market (before o'clock a. m.) shall be to consumers

only) (and all persons are prohibited from buying on the market before

o'clock a. m. for the purpose of reselling the products so bought either on the market or elsewhere.) (Sales after o'clock a. m. shall be to consumers and others.)

3. (Qualified vendors on the market may sell either at wholesale or retail) (provided that after (7 a. m.) vendors must sell in reasonable retail quantities on request. Rea- sonable retail quantities will be determined for the various products by (the market master).)

4. (All sales on the market by weight shall be according to weight established by the use of scales inspected and approved by the (city sealer of weights and measures).)

5. (All sales on the market of butter, , , and shall

be by weight.)

8

BUKEATJ OF MARKETS AND CEOP ESTIMATES.

[S. R. A.

6. (All sales on the market not by weight or count shall be by measure according to the standard measures sealed by the (sealer of weights and measures) (or shall be in standard containers).) (Standard containers for a product shall be containers duly pronounced to be standard for such a product, under authorization of Federal stat- utes, by the statutes of the State of , or by the ordinances of

[name of city].)

Section X. (WHAT MAY BE SOLD.)

1. (There shall be sold on the market only wholesome food products.) (Produced, manufactured, or prepared by the persons offering them for sale.) (Except fresh milk and cream, fresh cut meats, and )

(A manufactured or prepared product to be permitted to be sold on the market must have had its principal ingredient produced by the person offering it for sale.)

2. (There may also be sold on the market (at times designated) by (administrative agency) (city council) certain other products of the farm, garden or forest, such as flowers, herbs, barks, Christmas trees, greens, etc.)

3. (There may also be sold on the market, hay, straw, wood (and live stock), pro- vided that hay, straw (and live stock) shall be sold only by weight.)

[If fresh meats are permitted to be sold, the following section may be added if deemed necessary to prevent the operation of speculators on the market.]

4. (No vendor of meats shall sell the meat of any fowl or animal unless the same has been continuously fed and kept on the farm or place of said vendor for the following periods: Beef, ninety (90) days; pork, mutton, and turkey, sixty (60) days; suckling pigs, veal, lamb, chickens, ducks, and geese, thirty (30) days.)

Section XI. (ALLOTMENT OF SPACE ON MARKET.)

1. (Eligible persons as previously described who desire to do so may rent space on the market for the (season) (year) according to the method hereinafter described . Such stall space shall be known as reserved stall space. Any stall space not rented by the (season) (year) shall be known as unreserved stall space.)

2. (The (market master) shall rent to eligible applicants by the day any unreserved stall space available at the time of application or any reserved stall space not occupied after (7.30 a. m.) on the day of application.)

(If a holder of reserved stall space shall arrive on the market after his stall space has been assigned for the day he shall be assigned for that day without additional charge any other stall space not occupied at the time.)

3. (Stall spaces shall be reserved in the following manner: The day on which assign- ment of stall spaces shall be made for the coming (year) (season) shall be (May 1) (the first Monday in May) (designated by [the administrative agency].) Notice of the

allotment shall be given such publicity as [the administrative

agency] may direct.)

4. (On such day each holder of stall space during the (year) (season) past shall have first choice for the coming year of the stall space he has occupied.)

5. (All other eligible applicants to rent stall spaces for the coming year shall draw from a series of consecutively numbered slips, and the slip drawn shall indicate the cumber of the choice of the person holding it. This choice shall be exercised in regard to the stall spaces remaining after holders of the past year have exercised their choice.)

6. (Nothing in this ordinance shall be construed to permit one vehicle to occupy more than one stall space.)

7. (No producer (or huckster) shall be allotted more than one stall space by the (year) (season) on one market, but may occupy additional spaces by the day.)

Markets 69.] SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

9

8. (Rental of a stall on the market by the (year) (season)

good for the market days (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) shall entitle the lessee to occupy without additional expense on (Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday) the

similarly numbered stall on the market. In like manner;

rental of a stall on the [latter] market good for the market

days (Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday) shall entitle the lessee to occupy without additional expense on the market days (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) the stall of the same number on the [former] market.)

9. (The fee for reserved space shall be $ per (month) payable in advance.)

[This fee may be fairly determined by multiplying the market days in the period by the daily fee for unreserved space and subtracting from the result 20 per cent.]

10. (The fee for unreserved space shall be (25 cents) per day, payable on assignment.)

11. (Stall renters shall not be allowed to sell, sublet, or assign their privileges on the market) (except with the consent of (the market master.) Such assignment if permitted shall be for a sum not to exceed the pro rata charge for the remainder of the rental season.)

Section XII. (INSPECTION OF PRODUCTS.)

i. (All products offered for sale on the market shall be subject to inspection by (the market master) or any duly authorized city or State official.)

Section XIII. (FORESTALLING.)

1. (Forestalling is prohibited.)

Section XIV. (PRICE ENHANCEMENT.)

1. (Enhancement of price by agreement is prohibited.)

Section XV. (RULES AND REGULATIONS.) 2

Rules and regulations governing (more specifically) the conduct and control of the public market(s) and the conduct of those doing business on the market(s), shall be as follows:

[Select only rules applicable to local conditions.]

1 . Permission to sell on the market shall be evidenced by a receipt or ticket issued by the (market master) on payment of the required fee in accordance with the pro- visions of this ordinance and only holders of such receipts or tickets shall be per- mitted to sell on the market.

(Applicants for space on the markets (portions of the markets reserved for pro- ducers) must prove themselves to be bona fide producers. On acceptance of such a proof (the market master) will issue to each producer renting reserved space, a metal sign bearing the name, address, and stall number of such producer, such sign to be paid for by the producer at cost. Such signs must be displayed by producers renting reserved space when occupying their stalls.)

2. Upon entering the market, each seller shall proceed directly to his reserved stall or to the one assigned to him by the market master, and shall not make a sale until his vehicle is properly placed (and the draft animals removed to a place remote from the market).

3. (Stall occupants shall be permitted to place signs over their booths, tables, or stalls, bearing their names or trade-marks, the character of which signs shall be gov- erned by the judgment of the (market master).)

J If only material presented in black type in the foregoing pages is to be enacted into law as sections of the ordinance much of the omitted material in parentheses should be added in this section in the form of rules and regulations.

10

BUREAU OP MARKETS AND CROP ESTIMATES.

L'S. R. A,

4. It shall be unlawful for any person selling on the market to make any public outcry or do hawking or "spieling" or to give any musical or other entertainment for the purpose of drawing customers or to attract attention.

5. Profane, abusive, or discourteous language in the market is prohibited.

6. It shall be unlawful to use on the market(s) any scales which have not been tested and approved by the sealer of weights and measures.

7. It shall be unlawful to use on the market(s) any measures which have not been inspected and approved by the (sealer of weights and measures) (or to sell product8 in containers which have not been approved as standard containers for such products).

8. All goods offered for sale by weight must be weighed in plain view of the pur- chaser.

9. (All poultry must have attached thereto a card or tag giving the name and address of the seller.)

10. It shall be unlawful to offer for sale or sell on the market any diseased or spoiled produce or any food product not fit for human food.

11. It shall be unlawful to slaughter or draw any animal or fowl within the market spaces or on the public streets, alleys, or sidewalks.

12. (Every person selling or offering for sale articles or things on the market shall have a receptacle in which he shall deposit all trimmings and waste matter of every kind, and) it shall be unlawful, for any person to throw or deposit or leave any waste matter upon any street or sidewalk or in any stall of the market.

13. Dogs and all other animals except (live stock and) poultry for sale (and draft animals) shall not be permitted on the market.

14. It shall be unlawful for any person not to vacate the stall space assigned to him upon the disposition of his goods, or when ordered to do so by (the market master) or the person in charge of the market pursuant to the provisions of this ordinance.

Section XVI. (PENALTIES.)

Any person violating any of the provisions of this ordinance shall be deemed guilty of misdemeanor, and, upon conviction, shall be fined in any sum not exceeding (one hundred) dollars, or may be imprisoned in the city jail for a term not exceeding (thirty) days, or may be both fined and im- prisoned.

Section XVII. (SPECIAL PENALTIES.)

(In addition to the penalties hereinbefore provided for violations of the provisions of this ordinance, any vendor may be subjected to temporary or permanent expulsion from the use of the market(s) for selling or offering for sale any article or thing not grown or produced by him as required by this ordinance except as provided in Sec- tion VIII.) (And the (market master), if he believes that any vendor is not a pro- ducer within the meaning of this ordinance, may require such person to make affidavit before some officer authorized to administer oaths that such person has actually grown or produced the articles or things in question or otherwise qualified as a producer, and if such person fails, neglects, or refuses to make such affidavit, such refusal shall be prima facie evidence of the violation complained of, and there- upon the (market master), after opportunity for hearing is afforded to such vendor if he so requests, may suspend such vendor for a period of not more than (sixty) days for the first offense and for the second offense permanently suspend such person from the privileges of such market place.)

Section XVIII. (REPEAL OF CONFLICTING ORDINANCES.)

All ordinances and parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby repealed.

Markets 69.] SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

11

Section XIX. (APPROPRIATION.)

Tho sum of dollars is hereby appropriated for the opening of the

"market fund" hereinbefore provided for.

Section XX. (EFFECTIVE DATE.)

(This ordinance shall take effect and be in force days from and after

its passage and approval.)

COMMENTS.

I. DEFINITIONS.

It seems desirable, in order that certain provisions may be brief and in simple language, that the ordinance include at its beginning the careful definitions of certain important terms. The terms may then be used throughout the remainder of the ordinance, without definition.

Hi ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MARKET.

It will add greatly to the convenience of operating the market to have stalls of standard dimensions laid out and numbered.

WJiere the market is on a street curb in front of privately owned property, it would often work a considerable hardship on property owners if their free ingress and egress were interferred with.

Property holders probably have no rights in any jurisdiction to charge for the use of city streets or sidewalks in front of their property. This evil, however, has grown up in connection with some curb markets.

Curb markets often contribute greatly to traffic congestion. It is well to provide so far as possible against this effect.

Cities should have complete control of their streets and other public property to the extent permitted by the State, and the use of such public property for market purposes, provided it can be legally put to such uses, should be under authorization of ordinance only.

In order to assure a thrifty market some cities refuse to permit com- petition with the market by itinerant vendors during market hours. In some cases the restriction against vending during market hours is against farmers only, in some against professional vendors or hucksters only, and in other cases against all vendors. Such a pro- vision might be utilized while a new market was becoming estab- lished, and probably then could be repealed. Such a provision is not necessary in all communities. As in all cases, local conditions, weighed by well-informed committeemen, should determine.

III. PURPOSE OF THE MARKET.

The fact that disputes sometimes occur as to the function of the market would seem to make it desirable to include in the ordinance a clear statement of the purpose in view in establishing the market.

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BUREAU OF MAEKETS AND CEOP ESTIMATES.

['S. R. A.

IV. ADMINISTRATION.

Some arrangement should be made to facilitate making needed changes in the rules and regulations governing the market. This may be accomplished either by delegating the necessary power to the administrative agency in charge of markets (if that is legally per- missible) , or by placing on the shoulders of the administrative agency the duty to recommend to the city legislative body amendments to the rules and regulations. On large markets police assistance will be necessary.

V. MARKET FUND.

Markets should be operated according to good business methods. It is much more desirable from every point of view to work through a separate market fund than to cover receipts into the general treasury and to meet all expenses from special appropriations. A market fund permits of much more intelligent accounting and operation.

VI. OFFICIAL IN DIRECT CHARGE.

The growth of evil practices on some markets, involving the use of the market master's official influence in connection with trading in produce, raises the question whether it is not desirable to include in the ordinance a prohibition as to such trading by market officials.

VII. MARKET PERIODS.

In order that fair dealing may be assured, sales on the market should be under the supervision of market officials and in accordance with rules and regulations. Sales should not be permitted on the market therefore outside of regular market hours.

VIII. WHO MAY SELL ON THE MARKET.

Who should be permitted to sell on the market will depend on a number of considerations, such as whether a large assortment of products are produced on adjacent farms, whether the primary pur- pose of the market is to assist producers, or whether convenience of consumers is of paramount importance. The presence of hucksters on a market broadens the variety of its products, as such vendors deal in tropical fruits and other shipped-in products.

It is well to prevent on a public market any taint of speculation by one farmer in products of other farmers, and it therefore seems desir- able to restrict sales of other produce than that raised by those making sales, except where definite and limited exceptions are made, such as where sales are for accommodation or in the case of hucksters.

When hucksters are permitted to sell on a public market they usually are prohibited from reselling products bought on the market

Markets 69.] SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

13

and from selling outside products which compete directly with those produced by the local farmers. In recognition of the fact that their markets are primarily for producers, and to avoid misleading con- sumers, some communities consider it desirable to place the hucksters admitted to the market in a separate, labeled section. Another pos- sibility [is to provide each actual producer (for a fee) with a sign or badge certifying that he is a producer.

IX. METHODS OF SELLING ON THE MARKET.

When through lax management sales are made on the market in roadways and at places other than stalls much confusion and con- gestion of traffic results.

Local considerations will determine whether a market is to be retail, wholesale, or combined retail and wholesale. Usually a separate wholesale market is not needed unless specialization in truck production has been developed in the surrounding country.

Where a market is a combined wholesale and retail market separate periods often are devoted to the wholesaling and retailing functions. In large cities such markets are likely to be predominantly wholesale and the early morning period therefore is devoted to wholesale oper- ations. In small communities where supplies are not very plentiful early wholesale operations often would result in an exhaustion of the supply. In such communities, too, the primary aim may be to establish a retail market. Under such circumstances the earlier period is sometimes devoted to retailing and the later period to whole- saling.

In the case of butter and certain other products, consumers can not be assured of fair dealing if the sale of unweighed "pats" or lumps is permitted.

One of the principal functions of public markets is to reduce distri- bution expenses through eliminating speculation and rehandling of products to as great an extent as possible. It seems desirable, there- fore, to prohibit resales on the market.

X. WHAT MAY BE SOLD.

Obviously certain perishable products can not be handled satis- factorily from a sanitary point of view in open markets (at least in certain sections or during certain periods of the year) where protection from dust and flies is difficult if not impossible. Careful considera- tion should be given to this matter and the ordinance should provide accordingly.

Other local considerations will dictate the necessity of provisions in regard to the handling of certain nonperishable products.

BUREAU OF MARKETS AXD CROP ESTIMATES. [S. B. A

XI. ALLOTMENT OF SPACE ON MARKET.

The consensus of opinion seems to be that it is desirable to make it possible for vendors to build up good will in their business in connec- tion with their locations by permitting the re-leasing of the same space year after year.

In drawing for stall space the fairest and most satisfactory method seems to be to have the drawn numbers indicate the order of choice by the drawers, rather than to have an arbitrary connection between the number drawn and the stall to be occupied.

Permitting one vehicle to occupy more than one stall space would often deprive deserving vendors of a place on the market. Similarly, permitting vendors to rent more than one stall space by the year would in many cases bring about inequitable conditions and might assist in approach toward monopoly.

Market fees should be sufficient to permit the market to be self- sustaining but should not be large enough to make the market enter- prise a source of considerable surplus revenue. The function of the market is generally recognized to be to simplify and cheapen distri- bution, not to serve as an agency for taxation.

In numerous instances failure of market ordinances to prohibit the selling, subletting, or assigning of stall spaces has resulted in the development of exceedingly unsatisfactory conditions, and in some cases has brought about the virtual failure of the markets.

XII. SPECIAL PENALTIES.

It has been found that expulsion from the market is usually a more effective and more easily applied penalty than subjection to a fine.

o

ii

LIBRARY

CURRENT S£RjAt FECORD

* OCT 1 - iC53 *

U. S. DtPARTMENT Of MlWUfcTyRi

S. It. A. — Markets 70.

Issued October, 1921.

United States Department of Agriculture,

BUREAU OF MARKETS AND CROP ESTIMATTS,

SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

STATE BUREAUS OF MARKETS, INCLUDING DIVI- SIONS AND OTHER AGENCIES DOING MARKETING WORK.

Marketing as an official activity is developing rapidly in the several States. This outline gives only the present status of the marketing work carried on by State bureaus of markets or by the State depart- ments of agriculture or by divisions or bureaus created by legislative action or executive authority to do marketing work.

Alabama.

The markets division, Montgomery, Ala., was organized under au- thority of the produce law of Alabama, which was approved March 5, 1915, and amended September 29, 1915. The work of the division consists largely in placing growers* in touch with profitable markets. The receipts from a produce license tax, collected from wholesale commission merchants, are applied to the work of the markets divi- sion, the remainder of the expense being paid out of the general funds of the agriculture and industries department. The division co- operates with the State Agricultural College, the demonstration agents, railroads^ cooperative associations, and individuals.

F. O. Hooton is supervisor of the division.

The Alabama Markets Journal and Crop Report is published month ly by the division, and the Markets and Immigration Letter (mimeographed) is issued weekly by the agriculture and industries department.

Arizona.

There is no official State division of markets. Arkansas.

The bureau of markets, Little Rock, Ark., was established under a provision of the warehouse, marketing, and gin-regulating law, approved March 21, 1917, and amended during the session of 1919. 69447—21 1

H. C. TAYLOR, Chief.

(Markets) No. 70.

2

BUEEAU OF MARKETS AND CROP ESTIMATES.

This law authorizes the commissioner of mines, manufactures, and agriculture to establish agencies for the sale of farm, orchard, ranch, and other products, and to collect and disseminate information re- garding such products. The amount of $24,700 is appropriated for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1921. Jim G. Ferguson is the commissioner.

The Arkansas Farm and Marketing Bulletin is published monthly by the department of mines, manufactures, and agriculture.

California.

The division of markets, department of agriculture, Sacramento, Calif., was provided for by an act approved June 1, 1921, known as senate bill 895, taking over the duties of the State market commission, 525 Market Street, San Francisco, Calif., which was authorized by chapter 713, Laws of 1915, revised by chapter 802, Laws of 1917. The division is authorized to gather and disseminate information concerning supply, demand, prevailing prices, and commercial move- ments of farm products ; to foster and encourage the standardizing, grading, inspection, storage, and sale of such products; to promote the organization of cooperative and other associations; and to issue warehouse receipts. The appropriation for the biennium beginning July 1, 1921, is $37,240.

Harry S. Maddox is chief of the division of markets.

Colorado.

The division of marketing, Fort Collins, Colo., was established under an act approved April 7, 1921, and known as house bill No. 456. The law provides for instruction in grading, packing, and market management, also for the establishment and promulgation of standard grades and classification of farm products, which shall conform to grades and classifications made mandatory by the United States Department of Agriculture so far as practicable. Competent inspectors may be designated by the director of the division. All inspection fees are to be paid into the State treasury for a division of marketing revolving fund. The appropriation is $10,000 for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1921.

Wm. F. Allewelt is director of the division.

Connecticut.

The bureau of marketing, State capitol, Hartford, Conn., was established in the State board of agriculture under authority of an act of the legislature of 1921, known as senate file No. 789. This law gives authority to investigate conditions, to establish and main- tain grades and State brands for farm and horticultural products, and to obtain and dispense information regarding prices and supply and demand.

Leonard H. Healey, secretary of the State board of agriculture, is in charge of the bureau.

The Connecticut Market Bulletin is issued daily by the bureau.

Delaware.

The bureau of markets and marketing, Dover, Del., was authorized by chapter 33. section 8, laws of 1921, amending chapter 21 of the Re- vised Code of Delaware, to be established within the State board of

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3

agriculture. Power is given to investigate the cost of production and marketing; to gather and disseminate information concerning supply, demand, prevailing prices, and commercial movements, in- cluding common and cold storage of food products; to promote the organization of cooperative and other associations; to make rules and regulations for grading, packing, selling, and storing food products; and to act as market advisor for producers and consumers.

Florida.

The State marketing bureau, Jacksonville, Fla., was created in 1917 by chapter 7315, general laws, No. 57, approved June 9, 1917, revised by an act approved May 6, 1921. The supervision of the work is entrusted to a commissioner who is empowered to collect and disseminate information, inspect farm products, investigate market- ing conditions, and aid in the marketing and distribution of farm products. The law appropriates $25,000 a year out of funds received from the fertilizer tax.

L. M. Rhodes is commissioner of the bureau.

A For Sale, Want, and Exchange Bulletin is published semi- monthly by the State marketing bureau.

Georgia.

The bureau of markets, Atlanta, Ga., was established under public laws, No. 210, approved August 21, 1917, which provides for a bureau of markets for agricultural products within the department of agri- culture. The bureau has authority to establish grades and stand- ards, collect and disseminate information through a market news service and otherwise, investigate marketing conditions, and assist in the organization of cooperative associations. Special assistance is given in classing cotton under the United States warehouse act. The appropriation for the fiscal year is $100,000.

Lem B. Jackson is director of the bureau.

The Market Bulletin is issued weekly by the State bureau of markets.

Idaho.

The bureau of markets, department of agriculture, Boise, Idaho, was created by the fifteenth session of the legislature, 1919, taking over all the duties of the shipping-point inspection work formerly carried on by the bureau of markets under the farm markets law (ch. 71. session laws, 1915, amended by ch. 24, session laws of 1917), and the administration consolidation bill (ch. 8, laws of 1919). The shipping-point inspection work is carried on in cooperation with the United States Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates.

W. H. Wicks is acting director of the bureau.

Illinois.

There is no official State division of markets. Farm produce markets are regulated by the department of agriculture and the de- partment of trade and commerce under the commission merchants' law, approved June 28, 1919 (Laws of Illinois, 1919, p. 14).

J. L. McLaughlin, superintendent of foods and dairies, 1410 Kim- ball Building, Chicago, 111., is in charge of this work.

4

BUREAU- OF MARKETS AXD CROP ESTIMATES.

Indiana.

There is no official State division of markets. Iowa.

There is no official State division of markets. The legislature of 1921 provided for "investigations in agricultural economics, includ- ing the marketing of farm products," by the Agricultural Experi- ment Station. The sum of $25,000 is appropriated for this work for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1921.

Kansas.

There is no official State division of markets. The board of agri- culture has assisted farmers in marketing live stock.

Kentucky.

The section of markets, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky., superseded in September. 1920, the department of markets estab- lished under chapter 20, laws of 1916. which made the following pro- vision : " The University of Kentucky shall establish in connection with its agricultural extension work a cooperative bureau for foster- ing marketing."

O. B. Jesness is chief of the section.

Louisiana.

The market bureau, Baton Rouge. La., was established by the com- missioner of the department of agriculture and immigration in 19 10. The appropriation for the biennium beginning August 1, 1920, is $15,000.

Millard S. Perkins is director of the market bureau. The Weekly Market Bulletin is issued by the commissioner of agri- culture and immigration.

Maine.

The division of markets, Augusta, Me., was established under chap- ter 218, public laws of 1917. amended by chapter 44, public laws of 1921, authorizing the commissioner of agriculture to investigate ex- isting methods and costs of marketing farm products and purchasing farm supplies and to secure improvements therein. Provision is also made for shipping-point inspection service on potatoes. The appro- priation for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1921, exclusive of the salary of the chief, is $5,225.

C. M. White is chief of the division.

Maryland.

Chapter 391, laws of 1916, provides for the reorganization of the State board of agriculture and gives it broad powers regarding the marketing of all kinds of farm products. No special appropriation has been made for carrying out the provisions of the act.

Massachusetts.

The division of markets, 136 State House, Boston, Mass., was au- thorized in the act which provides for the organization of the execu- tive and administrative functions of the Commonwealth into de-

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5

partments (ch. 350, general laws of 1919, approved July 23, 1919). This act provides for a division of markets in the department of agriculture. The division has power to investigate the marketing of agricultural products, collect and disseminate information and sta- tistics, investigate and aid improved methods of cooperative market- ing, and carry out the State law affecting marketing. The appropri- ation for the fiscal year beginning December 1, 1920, is $18,000. YV. A. Munson is director of the division.

The Farmers' Produce Market Report (mimeographed) is issued daily and the Brighton Live Stock Market Report and the Boston Retail Price Report (both mimeographed) are issued weekly by the division of markets. Similar reports are issued by reporters sta- tioned at Worcester and Springfield.

Michigan.

The bureau of foods and markets, Lansing, Mich., has been organ- ized in the department of agriculture which was created by act No. 13, public acts of 1921, and empowered to take over the duties of certain boards, commissions and officers, including that of the office of market director, which was created by act No. 91, public acts of 1915, and provided for the investigation and improvement of marketing conditions.

Fred L. Woodworth is director of the bureau.

Minnesota.

The division of markets, Capitol, St. Paul., Minn., was established under chapter 444 of the session laws of 1919? approved April 25, 1919. This law creates a department of agriculture and gives it power to do marketing work. The department has authority to in- vestigate marketing conditions ; collect and disseminate information ; establish standards for farm products, excepting hay, grain, straw, and live stock; and to inspect farm produce, excepting hay, grain, straw, and live stock. It also administers, through the director of markets, the cold storage laws of the State, including the inspecting of all plants and the products being stored, and the licensing of operators. A market news service for live stock is conducted in cooperation with the Federal Bureau of Markets. Approximately $40,000 will be available for the year beginning June 1, 1921, of which $10,000 was appropriated by the legislature for the grading of potatoes.

Hugh J. Hughes is director of markets.

Mississippi.

There is no official State division of markets. A mimeographed Swapping Sheet is issued twice a month by the department of agri- culture and commerce, P. P. Garner, commissioner, Jackson, Miss.

Missouri.

The State marketing bureau, Jefferson City, Mo., was created by an act known as senate bill No. 69 of the extra session of 1921. This law repealed house bill 651. approved May 30, 1919, and house bill 610, laws of 1921. The State marketing bureau is to be in charge of a State marketing commissioner appointed by the Missouri State

69447—21 2

6

BUREAU OF MARKETS AjSTD CROP ESTIMATES.

board of agriculture (or its successor at law). The State marketing bureau, under the direction of the State board of agriculture, is authorized to investigate the marketing of farm products; to fur- nish advice and assistance to producers, distributors, and consumers ; to promote effectual and economical methods of marketing farm products; to establish, administer, and enforce standards of weights, grades, and measures ; to assist in the organization and development of cooperative associations; to collect and disseminate marketing information; and to license and bond all commission merchants. The appropriation for the biennial period beginning January 1, 1921, is $175,250.

Jewell Mayes, secretary State board of agriculture, is in charge of the marketing work.

The Marketing Bulletin is published every other week and the Monthly Bulletin every month by the State board of agriculture.

Montana.

The department of agriculture, labor and industry, Helena, Mont., was created by act No. 216, session laws of 1921. This law provides for a division of grain standards and marketing within the depart- ment Authority is given the department of agriculture, labor, and industry to establ'sh and promulgate grades and standards for farm products and standards for receptacles therefor, to maintain a market news service, and to cooperate with producers and consumers in devising efficient systems of distribution.

Chester C. Davis is commissioner of agriculture.

Nebraska.

The bureau of markets and marketing, Lincoln, Nebr., was or- ganized in the department of agriculture on August 2, 1919, under the Civil Administrative Code (Title III, ch. 190, laws of 1919). The bureau investigates marketing conditions, including cost of production and cost of marketing, aids in the organization and con- duct of cooperative associations and in accounting work, collects and disseminates marketing information, maintaining a special market news service to the newspapers of the State in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture. The bureau maintains an inspection service covering fruits and vegetables and cold-storage products. The appropriation for the work is derived from fees col- lected by this bureau and the bureau of food, drugs, and ail of the department of agriculture. The allotment for the fiscal year be- ginning July 1, 1921, will be something more than $50,000.

W. C. Andreas is acting chief of the bureau.

Nevada.

There is no official State division of markets. New Hampshire.

The bureau of markets, Concord, N, H., was created under chapter 217, session laws of 1917, in the office of the commissioner of agri- culture. The law provides for the collection and dissemination of information regarding the quality, quantity, and locality of agri- cultural products, the location of available markets, the maintenance

SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

7

of a market news service, and the compiling and publishing of other data concerning the production and consumption of food products in the State. The appropriation for the fiscal year beginning Sep- tember 1, 1921, is $5,000.

Lawrence A. Carlisle, agent in marketing, is in charge of the marketing work.

The Weekly Market Bulletin is issued by the bureau.

New Jersey.

The bureau of lands, crops, and markets, Trenton, N. J., was or- ganized under the agricultural law, chapter 268, laws of 1916, amended by chapter 147, laws of 1919. This law was further amended by chapter 83, laws of 1921, which authorizes the State department of agriculture, acting through the bureau or otherwise, to collet and diffuse market information on farm products; to assist in the organization and maintenance of public markets; to assist in the organization and maintenance of cooperative purchasing and marketing associations; to establish and promulgate standards foi produce and for containers. The funds for carrying on the work are received from the appropriations for the State department of agriculture.

Alexis L. Clark is chief of the bureau.

The City Market Letter (mimeographed) is issued weekly. A Weekly Market Letter is issued to farmers, and special market in- formation is furnished to a number of newspapers.

New Mexico.

There is no official State division of markets, the marketing laws of the State being administered by the College of Agriculture, State College, N. Mex.

New York.

The division of foods and markets, department of farms and markets, Albany, N. Y., was organized in 1917 under chapter 69 of the consolidated laws. This law was amended by chapter 475, laws of 1921, which created a new administrative head for the entire department, Judge Berne A. Pyrke being named to this position with the title commissioner of farms and markets. The division of foods and markets cooperates officially with the division of agriculture of the same department, the State College of Agr: culture, the county farm bureaus, the granges and cooperative associations, and the United States Department of Agriculture. The plan of work is to investigate the cost of food production and marketing in all its phases: to conduct and supervise auction markets; to investigate complaints and transportation delays; to establish markets, general and local ; and to encourage cooperative association work.

Dr. Eugene H. Porter, commissioner of foods and markets, is in charge of the work.

Foods and Markets is published monthly at the Albany office. A daily Farmers' Market Report (mimeographed) is issued from the New York office, 90 Broadway, New York City, and the Buffalo Market Report (mimeographed) is issued daily from the Buffalo office, 1046 Ellicott Square, Buffalo, N. Y. The New York office

8 BUREAU OF MARKETS AND CROP ESTIMATES.

supplies a daily report to the Associated Press for publication in six cities of the State; also mimeographed market reports are fur- nished four days each week to a total of 118 daily papers.

North Carolina.

The division of markets and rural organization, Raleigh, N. C, was established in 1913, under authorization of a resolution of the board of agriculture placing the marketing work under the " joint committee for agricultural work" provided in chapter 68, public laws of 1913. Chapters 115, 144, and 175 of the public laws of 1915 give the division authority for conducting certain branches of mar- keting and credit work. Chapter 325, public laws of 1919, approved March 11, 1919, gives the State board of agriculture authority to investigate marketing conditions and to establish and maintain standard grades and packages and State brands for farm crops. By action of the board of agriculture the work of crop statistics was made a part of the division of marketing, effective July 1, 1921. The work of the division includes investigation of the present methods of distributing farm products, demonstrations in cotton grading, supervision of the State cotton warehouse system, grading and pack- ing schools, assistance to individual farmers and to growers' organi- zations in finding markets for produce, organization and supervision of cooperative marketing associations and credit unions. The ap- propriation for the fiscal year beginning December 1, 1920, is $40J}00, not including the appropriation of $10,000 for the crop-reporting service.

B. F. Brown is chief of the division.

The Farmers' Market Bulletin is issued monthly by the North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering and the State department of agriculture, Raleigh, N. C. The Credit Union News and the Weekly Price Report (both mimeographed) are issued by the division of markets and rural organization.

North Dakota.

There is no official State division of markets. The legislature of 1921 appropriated $10,000 for the biennium beginning July 1, 1921, for marketing work which is carried on by the agricultural college, Agricultural College, North Dakota.

Ohio.

The bureau of markets, department of agriculture, Columbus, Ohio, was established by the director of agriculture under an act of the general assembly approved April 26, 1921, and known as house bill 249. This act created a department of agriculture and a director of agriculture, and abolished the State board of agriculture and the office of head of the bureau of markets and marketing established under that board by house bill 72, approved March 30, 1917. (Laws of 1917, p. 429). The department of agriculture is vested with the rights and duties of the former bureau of markets and marketing including power to establish a market news service, make rules and regulations for the grading, packing, handling, storage, and sale of food products: to investigate the cost and conditions of market-

SEBYIGE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

9

ing; to investigate practices and methods of commission merchants; to act as market advisor for producers and distributors; to establish markets; and to assist in the organization of cooperative associations. George U. Marvin is chief of the bureau of markets.

Oklahoma.

The State marketing commission, Oklahoma City, Okla., was created by chapter 26, sessions laws of 1917, approved March 2, 1917. The law provides for cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture, for the standardization of farm products, for agents of the commission in large cities to direct the selling of shipments from county and other associations, and for the dissemination of marketing information by means of correspondence and of bulletins. The commission has authority to investigate marketing problems, encourage organization among farmers for cooperative selling, and establish grades for farm products. As the legislature of 1921 failed to make an appropriation for the work of the State market com- mission, it has been unable to function except in a limited way since June 30, 1921. The State board of agriculture is planning to carry on a limited shipping-point inspection service on fruits and vege- tables.

J. A. Farquharson is secretary of the commission. Oregon.

The bureau of organization and markets, Corvallis, Oreg., was established October 9, 1914, by the board of regents of the Oregon Agricultural College. General investigations relative to the market- ing of agricultural products in Oregon are made. Special assistance is given to the farmers in the formation and management of coopera- tive marketing associations. The bureau cooperates with the Oregon State Grange, the Farmers' Educational and Cooperative Union, the Farm Bureau, the Oregon Council, and the State corporation com- missioner's office.

Hector Macpherson is director of the bureau.

Pennsylvania.

The bureau of markets, Harrisburg, Pa., was established under authority of act of the general assembly, No. 327, approved July 17, 1917. Act No. 101, approved May 8, 1919, defined the position of the bureau as a part of the reorganized department of agriculture. The duties and authority of the bureau are defined in act No. 337, approved July 9, 1919, amended by act 288, session of 1921. The bureau investigates marketing of farm products, including the cost of marketing; establishes grades and standards for farm products and standards for containers; promulgates rules and regulations govern- ing the packing and marketing of produce; investigates conditions in cities relating to local distribution; and advises on public market- ing problems. An inspection service on fruits and vegetables is con- ducted in nine cities of the State. In cooperation with the Federal Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates a daily market news serv- ice is furnished to two hundred Pennsylvania newspapers. The ap- propriation for the biennium beginning June 1, 1921, is $80,000.

Porter R. Taylor is acting director of the bureau.

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BUKEAU OF MARKETS AND CROP ESTIMATES.

Rhode Island.

There is no official State division of markets. South Carolina.

The bureau of marketing, Columbia, S. C, was established in 1913 in the State department of agriculture, commerce and industries. The bureau acts as a clearing house for information concerning farm products.

B. Harris, commissioner of agriculture, commerce and industries, is in charge of the work.

The Weekly Market Bulletin is issued by the bureau.

The division of markets, Clemson College, South Carolina, was recognized by act No. 181, Statutes of 1921, and charged with the duty of investigating the marketing of farm products; of gathering and diffusing timely information concerning supply, demand, pre- vailing prices; of furnishing advice and assistance in regard to efficient and economical methods of marketing; and of establishing standards of grades, containers, etc. This work is placed by law under the extension division of Clemson Agricultural College.

F. L. Harkey, agent in marketing, is in charge of the division.

South Dakota.

The department of agriculture, Pierre, S. Dak., was created by the passage of senate bill No. 162, legislative session of 1921, and the powers and duties of the former department of marketing were delegated to the new department of agriculture. Authority is given to investigate conditions affecting the marketing of farm products, to assist in the cooperative marketing of such products and in the organization and management of cooperative enterprises, to en- courage improved transportation methods, to increase storage and credit facilities, to make exhaustive studies of cost of production of grain, live stock, wool, potatoes, poultry, dairy products, vegetables, and hay. The appropriation for the fiscal year beginning July, 1921, is $56,550.

Don Livingston is commissioner of agriculture. Tennessee.

There is no official State division of markets but the department of agriculture, Nashville, Tenn., cooperates with the division of exten- sion and the county agents in marketing farm products, especially live stock and fruits.

Texas.

The division of markets, of the markets and warehouse depart- ment, Austin, Tex., was established in 1919 under authority of the markets and warehouse law, approved May 26, 1917 (ch. 41, laws of 1917, first called session). ^Attention is given to locating farm products for sale, finding the best markets for same, and aiding in grading, loading, and transportation. Producers and consumers are furnished with information as to supply, demand, and prices. The appropriation for the year beginning September 1, 1921, is $23,800.

T. R. Bolin is State marketing agent.

SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

11

The States Marketing Bulletin is issued weekly by the markets and warehouse department.

The bureau of markets, State department of agriculture, Austin, Tex., investigates marketing problems, encourages organization among farmers for cooperative selling, establishes grades for farm products, conducts an inspection service on fruits and vegetables, and disseminates marketing information. The appropriation for the year beginning September 1, 1921, is $21,750.

E. W. Cole is director of the bureau.

Utah.

There is no State division of markets. The legislature of 1921 passed a law, chapter 2, laws of 1921, creating a State board of agri- culture and the office of commissioner of agriculture. This board has authority for the administration of several laws relating to agri- cultural seeds, to live stock, and to weights and measures. Authority is also given the State board of agriculture to establish grades and standards for agricultural products.

Alonzo A. Hinckley is commissioner of agriculture.

Vermont.

The bureau of markets, Statehouse, Montpelier, Vt., was estab- lished in 1915 by the State department of agriculture under the gen- eral authority contained in No. 11, section 7, acts of 1908, approved December 18, 1908. The bureau conducts investigations and dis- seminates information relative to the problems connected with the marketing and distribution in the State of dairy and other agricul- tural products, including seed potatoes, apples, maple sugar, hay, and live stock. The appropriation for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1921, is $3,700.

E. S. Brigham, commissioner of agriculture, directs the work. The Vermont Creamery and Market News Letter (mimeographed) is issued monthly by the bureau of markets.

Virginia.

The division of markets, 313 Lyric Building, Richmond, Va., was established within the department of agriculture and immigration under an act of the general assembly (ch. 391, approved March 20, 1916) . The director is authorized to investigate the market demand for the products of Virginia farms; the location of the most profit- able markets ; the transportation facilities ; the best methods of pack- ing, grading, storing, and standardizing agricultural products ; to aid in the organization of cooperative associations among farmers; and to disseminate all possible information to farmers as to market prices. The appropriation for the biennium beginning March 1, 1920, is $20,000.

J. H. Meek is director of the division.

A monthly Bulletin is issued by the department of agriculture and immigration.

Washington.

The department of agriculture, Olympia, Wash., was authorized bv subsection 6, section 90, chapter 7, session laws, 1921, a part of the new Administrative Code adopted by the legislature of that year,

12

BUREAU OF MARKETS AND CROP ESTIMATES.

to take over the duties of the office of farm markets, Pullman, Wash., which was created by chapter 119, laws of 1917. Power is given to maintain a market news service, to aid and assist producers in estab- lishing economical and efficient systems and methods of distribu- tion, to investigate transportation matters and the possibility of direct dealing between producers and consumers, also to aid in the marketing of farm products through cooperation. The appropria- tion for the biennium beginning April 1, 1921, is $25,000. E. L. French is director of agriculture.

The Monthly News Letter is issued by the department of agricul- ture.

West Virginia. ^

The bureau of markets, Charleston, W. Va., was created in trTfe>* State department of agriculture under authority of the West Vir- ginia market law, passed February 17, 1917 (ch. 10, acts of 1917). The chief of the bureau is authorized to make and enforce rules an^l regulations in regard to the classification, storage, and marketing^, of agricultural products in the State, to inspect farm produce, to \ * maintain a market news service, to establish marketing units and * market houses, and to investigate the transportation of agricultural products. The bureau is supported in part by commissions received from the sale of produce at the auction markets.

W. H. Somers is chief of the bureau.

A Weekly Market Bulletin is issued by the bureau of markets. Wisconsin.

The department of markets, Madison, Wis., was created by chapter. - 571, laws of 1921, superseding the former division of markets'wi£$fi the department of agriculture which had been established^jn 1919. The department of markets, operating under sections p 1495-1 to 1495-30 of the Statutes, exercise the powers: (1) To investigate, as to any products, price, profits, supply, demand, storage, market con* / ditions, and transportation problems; (2) to assist and supervise-eo- J operative associations; (3) to assist and supervise public markets; (4) to standardize food products and farm products and receptacles therefor; (5) to establish State brands upon products; (6) to pro- hibit unfair methods of competition and unfair trade practices in any business (except banks, insurance companies and public utili- ties) ; (7) to prevent waste and needless duplication in the distribu- tion of food and fuel; (8) to avert or relieve a scarcity of food and fuel; (9) to assist the attorney general in enforcement of the anti- trust statute and other laws relating to trade. The appropriation for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1921, is $116,000. The depart- ment also receives all fees from inspections.

Edward Nordman is commissioner of markets.

The Market News Letter is issued twice a month by the department of markets.

Wyoming.

There is no official State division of markets.

WASHINGTON I GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1924