Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II ( A Wn-65020 _ Grays Ilarb or, \’fn. Ditch to be blasted'along the brush line. Photo Therone I. Paris July 28, 1943 Wn-65021 Grays Harbor, Washington Blasting ditch - Time 3 hrs - 4 persons (12 man hours) Ditch 375 it - used 5 boxes 50^. The opening of this ditch iTill give a minimum of 40 additional animal months of pasture on 20 acres drained by it. It will also serve a neighbor who helped in doing the work. Photo By: Therone I. Paris i 8-27-43 Wn -65022 Grays Harbor, Wn. View of ditch which has been dug Td-th pov'/der. Note small berms and even depth and uniform bank slope, photo 3y; Therone I. Paris 8-31-43 A-Ida-1 Robinson Park Dam. northeast of Moscow, silting dam in upper right background. Idaho on Project area. Note de- 4-7 A-Ida-15,001 Low oblique of contour furrows on flood control program watershed surrounding city of Pocatello, Idaho. A-Ida-15,002 City of Pocatello, Idaho (area being protected by flood control program). "^4-(o A-IDA-20,002. Squaxv Greek Project, Idaho. Range lands really ’’going”. Much of area practically bare of adequate protective grass cover, result is the dissection that is evident in pictvire. A-Ida-20,009 Contour furrov^s on range land southwest of Iforseshoe Bend, Idaho. ■^ 4-2 A-Ida-20010 9-13-37 Contour furrows constrxcted on overgrazed range land 15 miles south¬ east of Emmett, Gem County, Idaho, and tivo miles east of Siveet, Idaho. Land owned by Sweet Clover Land Ccmpany. These furrows serve to hold the moisture on these soni-arid lands and thus aid in the restabiliza¬ tion of a grazing area, Furrcsrs were installed vfith a terraoer and reversible plovf, then finished by CCC hand labor xmder supervision of SCS. A-Ida-25,004 9-12-37 Hiotograph No, 3 of a series of overlapping obliques of the watershed east of the city of Boise, Idaho. These photographs were taken at the request of the Idaho State Coordinator, SCS, for distribution to field parties in order that a preliminary survey of a particular area could be made before the parties actually went into the field. A-Iiia-25017 Povrer County 9-18-35. View, taken looking downstream, of faming, grazing, aM general topography of Clifton Creek drainage. Sec. 30, T. 9S, R.34E. /a 270705 September, 1931 Although urrier Federal management for 30 years, too mar^r livestock have destroyed most of the original plant cover and induced serious erosion conditions. Boise National Forest, Idaho . Photo by F. Q. Renner. i 08612 Tifhite Pine Soil Conservation District, East-Central,Nevada. 1943. 5 ,628,800 acres. e C-8613 IShite Pine Soil Conservation District, East-central Nevada 12” metal pipe line 1 mile long. W. S. Hacket ranch. , c. *^'•^'35,007. Oregon. EROSION CONTROL - Wind Control. Photograph showing a catch fence on the ri^t and sand-stilling fences to preserve partially vegetated area. The catch fence shown here is also serving to build up a wind gap in the second dune. C^c ^ tL Ore-35»017* Oregon, EEDSIOK - mnd. Looking north along a newly forndng fore dune on the Emily Waterhouse place* Tli® line of sand encroachmenb in the Sea I^one grass can be seen. In the fall the top of the dune was as thickly covered as the back slope. Winds during the past winter raised the dxaae from six to twelve inches. This new fore dune has alreacty attained sufficient height to afford pro¬ tection to the back areas during ordinary years, ^ril 2, 1956. 0re-S5,040 Clatsop Cotintir, Oregon A comparison of Holland grass and willow plantings. Holland grass. 6-15-36 Note sand ‘building about Ore-35#035* Oregon* EROSION - vand. Sand moveiient from unprotected beach area and rapidly destroying valmble property. encroaching upon summer cottages Clatsop County, 6 / 15 / 36 , jQJLccii. c Ore-35,075 Clatsop County, Oregon 7-30-37 A view of the observational grass nursery on bare sand, Astoria Hursery tfeit. late and rate of planting, spacing trials and effect of fertilizers are being tested to detemine management for production of sand-stilling grasses. Two h\indred ei^ty one-fortieth-acre field plantings are shown. Bifferences in responses to management and treatment can plainly be seen. C Cer4.CS-’'-._cA ^ Ore-35,107 Clatsop County, Oregon 10-7-37 Two-year old plantings of Holland grass ( Ammophila arenaria ) on land owned ty State of Oregon Military Bepartment. llote catchment of sand drift and thrift of the Holland grass as well as heginning of Invasion of sand verbena ( Ahronia latifolia spp.) yOjlU.c!l. £.-nc> (ov/ieft) 0RE*450O9* Yamhill County, Oregon; March 12, 1937. Looking up 30^ slope in prune orchard. Incipient gullying on Dundee Red Hills soil shows the need for erosion control practices probably including cover crop supplemented with terraces. 0EE-4&O07. Yamhill County, Oregon; March 12, 1937, Roadside inundation of Dundee Red Hills soil deposited from incipient gully run-off shown in photographs 0RE-45008 and ORE—45009. The culvert in the lower left foreground is shown one-half silted full csurried from excess r\m—off prune orchard below the roadbed and deposited a heavy concentration of topsoil in brush and timber on the left-hand side of the road. Silt deposit is about 20 inches. ,Ore-40112 Oregon G. F. Sturdevant, left, recoiris the water content on the Seven Lakes snovf course, as R. W. Childreth, right reads the figures from the scale. Photo By: Jack James 19a I Ore-35189 ™ • ’ ' We'gm. ~ This ditch Y^as constructed to improve the drainage along the lower Little Nestucca river. The soil'is largely Clatsop silt;.- clay loam, with occassional patches of peat. It.-is in Land Capability III due to the difficulty of maintaining adequate drainage. Conpletion of this job will require removal of brush and tussocks and seeding to ijlproved pasture grasses. Photo E^! liagnus 11-42 6-44 - Pullmaci, Washington ~ EROSION - Sheet Sheet erosion on Palouse silt loam. This land lost at least 50 tons of soil to the acre. It -was svunmer-fallowed in 1933 and left unpro¬ tected against the forces of erosion during the winter. The clay- hilltop absorbed little water and a heavy run-off -was responsible for the severe erosion on the slope, C, j. Bower farm, near Moscow, Idaho. January 30, 1934 c ) 6-67 - Pullman, Washington ERDSIOU - Gully Gully erosion two miles above Morengo Wash, The field -To h3'‘3h “ Washington The braiding in this picture is dark bare ground above and deposited over below, Palouse Wheat Belt, soil washed from accumulated snow A- WAJ- Washington. Ervin E. King farm. Under cooperative agreement. 'WN-28 Whitman Coimty 10-10-36 This picture shows sheet erosion on top of the hill, with silt deposits on frozen drift. The soil above and below the drift is thawed out. Four miles southwest of Pullman, Sec. 21, R.i).5E, T.liOJ. fZiJL^cksL- ^-2 / Wn-29« Washington* FAEMING, This picture shows winter -adieat stubble disk-tilled September 1936 with a John Deei^ 26" disk tiller, George Swales farm, 1^ M, North of Johnson, Whitman County, Washington, IO/IO/ 56 , WN-52. Washington, Heavy snowbank accumulation on a north slope on the Pacific Northwest Soil and Water Conseirvation Experiment Station, three miles north of Pullman, Washington, Note the spots of soil on top the snow which was blovm from clean cultivated field adjoining. Snowbank accumulation such as this is the direct cause of soil slips, 6-94, Washington, Soil Slip on Roscoe Cox farm north of inches deep and 50 feet in diameter, northeast slope. Such land should be R,45E, Pullman, Whitman County, Washington, This slip is 42 It went out on December 22, 1933, 63 per cent^ seeded to peruainent vegetation, NWg of Sec, 29, T,15N, WN-50, Washington, The effect of the control of snow drifting is apparent in this pictiu'e. The right-hand side of the photograph shows how the snow has been held within the planting and on top of the ridgej whereas the left side of the photograph, which is at the end of the planting, shows how the snow has drifted over on the Slope where it was not held back by the trees. An observation of this planting on March 16, 1937 showed that all of the snovir contained within the planting had entirely melted with very little indication of run-off; whereas the drifts formed adjacent to this planting erosion had resulted. In one instance a small soil slip was apparent directly belovir the drift. Another advantage of planting a hilltop to trees for the control of snow drifting is that the snow will be held in and adjacent to the planting and thereby melt much sooner than snow deposited on the north slopes. Snow being held late in the spring on north slopes prevents farming operations until all the snow has melted. Wn-66 IMtman County 6-4-37 7 strains of Agropyron spicatum b eing grown in the observational nursery at Pullman, Washington. Each these has proved to be a distinct "ecological strain" collected from the native vegetation of the Palouse climax prairie in Region 11. These strains differ in growth habit, relative develop¬ ment of the different stages in the life cycle, leafiness, width of leaf, date of maturity, seed production and habits, ground cover, and specific adaptation to different erosion problem areas in the Pacific Northwest. The fourth row from the left is being increased as especially desirable. (W-2617) Rows 147-153 Wn-60 T/'ihitinan County 5-31-37 4 ecological strains of Poa nevadensis grown in the Pullman Unit of the Soil Conseivation Nurseries at Pullman, Washington. 411 conditions uniform except location where selections were made from the native vegetation of the Pacific Northwest. This species is one of the more promising. Selection of ecological strains from the native vegetation is a promising field of work. Growing the strains in the observational bring out the differences shown here. 1-3/4 mi E of Pullman, Washington, ys// a r ^ e. :2 ^ 5/, j^ Wn-5007« Washington. FARMING. Field gully which is the result of con¬ tinuous summer-fallow-winter wheat farm¬ ing in the adjoining fields. C. J. Broughton farm, 1-^ miles north¬ east of Dayton, Golximbia County, Washi ngton . XXL^dHe. C - 7-S Wn-5027. Washington. EHDSION CONTROL - Gully Control. This is an after picture of Brou^ton Gully. The gully was sloped by hand labor and grader, then seeded to alfal¬ fa, grass, and locust trees. See before picture Wn-5007. One mile east of Dayton, Columbia County, Washington, 10/29/36. I (X ge ^ i- ^ 2.L o VJm- 10017. Washington, PAEJilKG. This field was fall chiseled. Chiseling is a rou^ tillage method designed to control nin-off and give better moisture penetration due to the incorporation of crop residues. No sign of run-off was apparent in this field after a three- inch rain which occurred in January, Compare this field with those shown in WN-10016 and WN-10018, dLa.- - / m -■} i Ji liirn-15050 Garfield County Winter Tsheat on straw-jaulch type of trashy fallow, is indicated. Compare isith ?/h-1505l» Mayview silt loam operator, 21 miles northeast of Pomeroy, Washington. 3-6-40 Practically no loss of soil Oscar Victor, owner- S/. c^e ^ ^ IS Ytar-lSOSl Garfield Gcmnty 3--6-40 Severe erosion due to lack of surface protection* Field plowed with moldboard plow following winter i/^eat crop. Summer fallowed in 1939 and planted to winter wheat. 8.3 tons per acre soil loss. Mayview silt loam. Roy Kimball, ovmer- operator, 21 miles northeast of Pomeroy, Washington. A-lNN-10,020 Walla Walla Cotiirby 7-16-37 Whirlwinds in finely-tilled summer fallow. This field is badly infested with morning glory. The weeding operations have pulverized the soil finely, aggravating wind erosion. Although fairly flat this land blows readily. Cornwall Estate operated by life. Vollmer, Walla Walla County, Washington. Wn-10,028. Washington# EHDSION CONTHDL - Gully Control. In tha foreground is shown a field of spring udieatj in the background a field of sununer-fallow. Note the gully which has been filled and seeded to a grass-alfalfa mixture. Delbert Barger farm, six miles east of Walla Walla, Walla Wa3>la County, Jime 18, 1936# yCL4-<-^cL* nation, fashingtol», Okanogaa County. Buncijgraaf pr^otic^ljy except for scattered Jiyiiaa ^assij^. , Sarfee, Sua?irey. ■*"* ' 1 ^ •• plat (pau west * 27ig,;f. M. Sec, X4/||^iiilie «asliingt<^, ¥itichgrass eife#-|;;f»r spattered ia$fli\iDa&^l'''feedli»«^/«Q ‘Mdly 'eta^i^azed ran^ O-L^ciL VEshingtdn, Oka&ofaa County* ‘s; . ’ :• Siacsial i^J^ldor Basalt plain. Virgin bundhgrass except fpr ■,?3Ebdii^'>^asing* si^liotogpaph ^aJc^i-ty 'J* T* Par^oo, of U» S* (Jeolbgio^ *tf^:'Surw*''*^il9 surv^it^ iQ,'tlils territory* •''■ ■:--^4!»'r''i. ,'•^v, ■■»,■ ■■■.., ciLua^ j:>-si (Itodea l&S)’. • , , ,, ■I'-isw'j..;®'' - ‘ .' ■- ‘ ^alX@y idit QoXvaSiik River near mou-tKiSof Ihitestone Ofeek, loolcing down |atr^ia|t<»^d'Eellgate Rapids. Bold odtcro|>s%f porpityry, Colville jEeservation#'^ Kotd stand of bimohgrass. ^-EliOtograpb; by J. T* Pardee, r"-' XUU^-cU G-»6079 (Pardee 142) M- G-luciai bowlder basalt lying on grand ®la^, miLe west of B^falo Lajs», ^;),yille!...RsiserTation., Pkanogaa. Cpt^aty, 7i^|n grass .eaicept^fot iadisa grastog*Pliotogra:^ by J. f. Pardee, ©eo- logical 3urwy. _ ■*-' -- C-6082. Pullman, Washingtonj 3-8-37, issn) Observational row-plantings of native and introduced plants at the Pullman, Washington Nursery, Plantings of this mture are made at a few selected locations throughout the cottntiy to observe and study the habits, drought-resistance, erosion control efficiency, forage value, etc, of grasses and other plants which appear to be of special value for the purposes in mind. Outstanding species are subsequently used on the vratershed areas for revegatation and other eooncanio purposes. cJLsx ^ " 3 ^ e A7 C-6813 Se pi- Trees and st^umps remaining after forest fire. (Negative to come in from field later. 10-22-40). R