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EX LI5RIS ROBERT GIBSON
TWO VOYAGES
TO
NEW-ENGLAND
AK ACCOVJ^T
OF
TWO VOYAGES
TO
NETV-ENGLAND,
Made during the years 1638, 1663 By JOHN 7OSSELYN. Gent.
23 0 6 1 0 n
WILLIAM VEAZIE.
MDCCCLXV.
SHdo ?^untireli ann JJiftj Copies prfnteti, Small ®riiatto.
Rii'erside, Cambridge : Printed by H. O. Houghton & Co.
PUBLISHER'S PREFACE.
I HE work publiilied by Joffelyn in 1672, en- titled "New England's Rarities difcov- ered," which has been reprinted in a fim- ilar form, and as a companion volume to the prefent, contains a full and detailed account of the family of the author, with many curious facts relating to the perfonal hiftory of this early explorer of New Eng- land ; but it has been thought expedient to prefix to his narrative a genealogical chart of the family, copied from a paper among the Harleian MSS. in the Britifli Mu- feum, the fubftance of which has been printed in the " New England Hiftorical and Genealogical Regifter," and which is now kindly furniflied for publication by Samuel G. Drake, Efq. The table now publiflied will be found generally to confirm the information given in the account of the family already publiflied.
The firft of the " Two Voyages " of Joffelyn, of which he gives an account in the prefent work, was undertaken
in
vi PubliJJiers Preface.
in the year 1638, only eight years after the fettlement of Bofton, and when, to ufe his own words, " it was rather a village than a town, there being not above twenty or thirty houfes;" while the fecond vifit of the author to New Eng- land took place in 1663, after an abfence of twenty-five years, and when the town had affumed the proportions of a flourifhing feaport. On this occafion he appears to have remained in New England for eight years, the principal part of which was fpent on the plantation of his brother, Henry Joffelyn, at Black Point
This work is the lateft of the author's produ6lions, and was not given to the public until 1674. It was re- printed by the Maffachufetts Hiftorical Society in 1833, and may be found in the third volume of the third feries of their coUedlions. Joffelyn's obfervations on the natural hiftory of the country, his defcriptions of the various plants and notices of their medicinal effed;s, are more full and exa6l in the prefent work than in the " New Eng- land's Rarities," printed two years earlier, and muft be confidered as among the mofl valuable of thofe given by the early botanifis of New England.
The political and theological opinions of Joffelyn were not in accordance with thofe generally received in the Colonies, particularly in the later years of his life. On this fubjecfl. Prof. Tuckerman, in his Introdu(5lion to the work lafl mentioned, remarks that, "In the account of his firfl voyage, there is no appearance of that diflike to the
Maffachufetts
Publifliers Preface. vii
Maffachufetts government and people which is obfervable in the narrative of the fecond ; and may there not unfairly be conne6led with his brother's political and religious differences with Maffachufetts." There is fufficient evi- dence in this work to fhow that the fympathies of the author were enlifted in the royal caufe, and there appears to be little ground for admitting his fuppofed complicity in the fruitlefs infurredlion in the north of England in 1663, or his identity with the " Capt. John Joffline " men- tioned by the late Rev. Jofeph Hunter in his account of the family.
The chronological table appended to his " New-Eng- land's Rarities " is greatly enlarged in the prefent work, and continued to the year 1674.
In reprinting this rare and curious volume, great care has been taken to make it a literal and exaH: copy of the original, the proofs having been carefully collated with a copy of the work belonging to the Library of Harvard College.
Boston, June 15, 1865.
AN
ACCOUNT
OF TWO
VOYAGES
TO
NEW. ENGLAND.
Wherein you have the fetting out of a Ship, With the charges ; The prices of all neceffaries for furnifliing a Planter & his Family at his firft coming ; A Defcrip- tion of the Country, Natives and Creatures ; The Gov- ernment of the Countrey as it is now poffeffed by the Engli/Ji, &:c. A large Chronological Table of the moft remarkable paffages from the firfl difcovering of the Continent oi America, to the year 1673.
By John Joffelyn Gent. The Second Addition.
Memner. diftich rendred Englifti by Dr. Heylin. Hearty take thine eafe^ Men hard to pleafe
Thou haply might'Ji offend^ Though one /peak ill Of thee, fome will Say better ; there's an end.
London Printed for G, TViddowes at the Green Dragon in St. Pauls Church-yard, 1675.
LICEJrSED BY
Roger L'eftrange,
Novemb. the 28. 1673.
TO THE
RIGHT HONOURABLE,
AND
MOST ILLUSTRIOUS THE
Prefident & Fellows
OF THE
Royal Society:
The following Account of Two
VOYAGES
TO
New-England,
Is Moft Humbly prefented By the Authour
yolm yojfelyn.
A
RELATION
OF TWO
VOYAGES
TO
New-England.
The first Voyage,
\NNO Dom. 1638. April i)\Q 26th being Thurf- day, I came to Grave/end and went aboard the New Supply, alias, the Nicholas of Londoit, a Ship of good force, of 300 Tuns burden, carrying 20 Sa- cre and Minion, man'd with 48 Sailers, the Mafter Robert Taylor, the Merchant or undertaker Mr. Edward Tinge, with 164 Paffengers men, women and children.
[p. 2.] At Grave/end I began my Journal, from whence we departed on the 26. of April, about Six of the clock at night, and went down into the Hope.
The 27. being Fry day, we fet fail out of the Hope, and about Nine of the clock at nischt we came to an Anchor in Margaret-^02,6. in three fathom and a half water : by the way we paft a States man of war, of 500 Tun, cafl
away
.6 Jojfelyns Account of
away a month before upon the Goodwin, nothing re- maining vifible above water but her main maft top, 1 6 of her men were drowned, the refl faved by Fifliermen.
The 28. we twined into the Downs, where Captain Clark one of His Majeflies Captains in the Navy, came aboard of us in the afternoon, and preft two of our Trumpeters. Here we had good flore of Flounders from the Fifliermen, new taken out of the Sea and living, which being readily gutted, were fry'd while they were warm ; me thoughts I never tafled of a delicater Fifh in all my life before.
The Third of May being Afce7iJio7i day, in the afternoon we weighed out of the Downs, the wind at E. and ran down into Dover Road, and lay by the lee, whilfl they fent the Skiffe afhore for one of the Maflers mates : by the way we paft Sandwich in the [p. 3.] Hope, Sandown-Cajlie, Deal ; So we fleered away for DonieJ/e, from thence we fteered ^9. W. J 6". for the Beachie, about one of the clock at night the wind took us a ftayes with a guft, rain, thun- der and lightning, and now a Servant of one of the paf- fengers fickned of the fmall pox.
The Fifth day in the afternoon we Anchored, the IJle of Wight W. N. W. 10 leagues off, Beachie E. N. E. 8 leagues off, rode in 32 fathom water at low water, at 8 of the clock at night the land over the Needles bore N. W. 4 leagues off, we fteered W. afore the Start, at noon the Boult was N. W. by W. about 3 J leagues off, we were becalmed from 7 of the clock in the morning, till 12 of the clock at noon, where we took good ftore of Whitings, and half a fcore Gurnets, this afternoon an in- finite number of Porpifces fliewed themfelves above water
round
Two Voyages to New-England. 7
round about the Ship, as far as we could kenn, the night proved tempeiluous with much lightning and thunder.
The Sixth day being Sunday, at five of the clock at night the Lizard was N. W. by W. 6 leagues off, and the Blackhead which is to the weftward of Falmouth was N. W. about 5 leagues off.
The Seventh day the uttermoft part of Silly was N. E. 1 2 leagues off, and now we began to fail by the logg.
[p. 4.] The Eighth day, one Boremans man a paffen- ger was duck'd at the main yards arm (for being drunk with his Mafters ftrong waters which he ftole) thrice, and fire given to two whole Sacree, at that inftant. Two mighty Whales we now faw, the one fpouted water through two great holes in her head into the Air a great height, and making a great noife with puffing and blowing, the Sea- men called her a Soufler ; the other was further off, about a league from the Ship, fighting with the Sword-fifli, and the Flail-fifli, whofe ftroakes with a fin that growes upon her back like a flail, upon the back of the Whale, we heard with amazement : when prefently fome more than half as far again we fpied a fpout from above, it came pouring down like a River of water ; So that if they fhould light in any Ship, flie were in danger to prefently funk down into the Sea, and falleth with fuch an extream violence all whole together as one drop, or as water out of a Veffel, and dured a quarter of an hour, making the Sea to boyle like a pot, and if any Veffel be near, it fucks it in. I faw many of thefe fpouts afterwards at nearer diflance. In the afternoon the Mariners flruck a Por- pifce, called alfo a Mar/ovius or Sea-hogg, with an harp- ins:
8 yojfelyns Account of
ing Iron, and hoifted her aboard, [p. 5.] they cut fome of it into thin pieces, and fryed, it tafts hke rufly Bacon, or hune Beef, if not worfe ; but the Liver boiled and foufed fometime in Vinegar is more grateful to the pallat. About 8 of the clock at night, a flame fettled upon the main maft, it was about the bignefs of a great Candle, and is called by our Seamen St. Elmes fire, it comes be- fore a ftorm, and is commonly thought to be a Spirit ; if two appear they prognofticate fafety: Thefe are known to the learned by the names of Cajior and Polhix, to the Italians by St. Nicholas and St. Hermes, by the Span- iards called Corpos Santos.
The Ninth day, about two of the clock in the afternoon, we found the head of our main maft clofe to the cap twifted and fliivered, and we prefently after found the fore-top-maft crackt a little above the cap ; So they wolled them both, and about two of the clock in the morning 7 new long Boat oars brake aw^ay from our Star- board quarter with a horrid crack.
The Eleventh day, they obferved and made the Ship to be in latitude 48 degrees 46 minuts, having a great Sea all night ; about 6 of the clock in the morning we fpake with Mr. Rupe in a Ship of Dartmouth, w^hich came from Marcelloes ; and now is Silly N. E. by E. 34 leagues off; [p. 6.] about 9 of the clock at night we founded, and had 85 fathom water, fmall brownifli pep- perie fand, with a fmall piece of Hakes Tooth, and now we are 45 leagues off the Lizard, great Seas all night, and now we fee to the S. W. fix tall Ships, the wind be- ing kS. W.
The Twelfth day being Whitfunday, at prayer-time we
found
Two Voyages to New-England. ■ 9
found the Ships trine [trim ?] a foot by the flern, and alfo the partie that was fick of the fmall pox now dyed, whom we buried in the Sea, tying a bullet (as the man- ner is) to his neck, and another to his leggs, turned him out at a Port-hole, giving fire to a great Gun. In the afternoon one Martin Jvy a ftripling, fervant to Captain Thomas Cammock was whipt naked at the Cap-ftern, with a Cat with Nine tails, for filching 9 great Lemmons out of the Chirurgeons Cabbin, which he eat rinds and all in lefs than an hours time.
The Thirteenth day we took a Sharke, a great one, and hoifted him aboard with his two Companions (for there is never a Sharke, but hath a mate or two) that is the Pilot-fifh or Pilgrim, which lay upon his back clofe to a long finn ; the other fifh (fomewhat bigger than the Pilot) about two foot long, called a Remora, it hath no fcales and flicks clofe to the Sharkes belly, [p. 7.] So the Whale hath the Sea-gudgeon, a fmall fifli for his mate, marching before him, and guiding him ; which I have feen likewife. The Seamen divided the Sharke into quar- ters, and made more quarter about it than the Purfer, when he makes five quarters of an Oxe, and after they had cooked him, he proved very rough Grain'd not wor- thy of wholefome preferment ; but in the afternoon we took flore of Bo7titoes, or Spanifh Dolphins, a fifh about the fize of a large Mackarel, beautified with admirable varietie of glittering colours in the water, and was excel- lent food.
The Fourteenth day we fpake with a Plimouth man (about dinner time) bound for New-found-land, who hav- ing gone up wefl-ward fprang a leak, and now bore back
for
lo yojfelyjis Account of
for Plmtouth. Now was Silly 50 leagues off, and now many of the paffengej^s fall fick of the fmall Pox and Calenture.
The Sixteenth Mr. Clarke, who came out of the Downs with us, and was bound for the Ifle of Providence, one of the fummer Iflands ; the Spaniards having taken it a little before, though unknown to Clarke, and to Captain Nathaniel Btitler going Governour, they departed from us the Wind N. W. great Seas and ftormie winds all night.
[p. 8.] The Seventeenth day, the wind at N. W. about 8 of the clock we faw 5 great Ships bound for the Chan- nel, which was to the Weflward of us, about two leagues off, we thought them to be Flemmings ; here we ex- pected to have met with Pirates, but were happily de- ceived.
The One and twentieth day, the wind 6^. by W. great Seas and Wind, in'd our courfes, and tryed from 5 of the clock afternoon, till 4 in the morning, the night being very fformie and dark ; we loft Mr. Goodlad and his Ship, who came out with us, and bound for Bojlon in New- England.
The Eight and twentieth day, all this while a very great grown Sea and mighty winds.
yune the firft day in the afternoon, very thick foggie weather, we failed by an inchanted Ifland, faw a great deal of filth and rubbifli floating by the Ship, heard Cawdimawdies, Sea-gulls and Crowes, (Birds that always frequent the fhoar) but could fee nothing by reafon of the miff: towards Sunfet, when we were paft the Ifland, it cleared up.
The
Two Voyages to New-Engla7id. ii
The Fourteenth day of Jtme, very foggle weather, we failed by an Ifland of Ice (which lay on the Star-board fide) three leagues in length mountain high, in form of [p. 9.] land, with Bayes and Capes like high clift land, and a River pouring off it into the Sea. We faw like- wife two or three Foxes, or Devils fkipping upon it. Thefe Iflands of Ice are congealed in the North, and brought down in the fpring-time with the Current to the banks on this fide Neiu-fomid-land, and there ftopt, where they diffolve at laft to water ; by that time we had failed half way by it, we met with a French Pickeroon. Here it was as cold as in the middle of yanuary in England, and fo continued till we were fome leagues beyond it.
The Sixteenth day we founded, and found 35 fathom water, upon the bank of New-found-land, we caft out our hooks for Cod-fifli, thick foggie weather, the Codd being taken on a Sunday morning, the Sedlaries aboard threw thofe their fervants took into the Sea again, although they wanted frefli vidluals, but the Sailers were not fo nice, amongft many that were taken, we had fome that were wafted Fifli, & it is obfervable and very ftrange, that fifties bodies do grow ftender with age, their Tails and Heads retaining their former bignefs ; Fifti of all Creat- ures have generally the biggeft heads, and the firft part that begins to taint in a fifti is the head.
The Nineteenth day. Captain TJiomas Cammock [p. 10.] (a near kinfman of the Earl of JVarwic^s) now had an- other lad Thomas Jones, that dyed of the fmall pox at eight of the clock at night.
The Twentieth day, we faw a great number of Sea-bats, or Owles, called alfo flying fifh, they are about the bigneis
of
12 yojjelyiis Accotmt of
of a Whiting, with four tinfel wings, with which they fly- as long as they are wet, when purfued by other fiflies. Here likewife we faw many Grandpifces or Herring-hogs, hunting the fcholes of Herrings, in the afternoon we faw a great fifli called the veJmella or Sword fifli, having a long, ftrong and fliarp finn like a Sword-blade on the top of his head, with which he pierced our Ship, and broke it off with ftriving to get loofe, one of our Sailers 'dived and brought it aboard.
The One and twentieth day, we met with two Brijlow men bound for New-England, and now we are lOO and 75 leagues off Cape-Sable, the fandy Cape, for fo Sable in French fignifieth, off of which lyeth the Ifle of Sable, which is beyond New-fotmd-laiid, where they take the Amphibious Creature, the Walrus, Mors, or Sea-Horfe.
The Two and twentieth, another paffenger dyed of a Confumption. Now we paffed by the Southern part of New-fotmd-land, [p. ii,] within fight of it ; the Southern part of New-found-land is faid to be not above 600 leagues from Englaiid.
The Six and twentieth day, Capt. Thomas Cammock went aboard of a Barke of 300 Tuns, laden with Ifland Wine, and but 7 men in her, and never a Gun, bound for Richmonds Ifland, fet out by Mr. Trelaney, of Plim- outh, exceeding hot weather now.
The Eight and twentieth, one of Mr. Edward Tings the undertakers men now dyed of the Phthifick.
The Nine and twentieth day, founded at night, and found 120 fathome water, the head of the Ship flruck againfl a rock ; At 4 of the clock we defcryed two fail bound for New found-land, 2,1^6. fo for the Streighls, they
told
Two Voyages to New-England. 13
told us of a general Earth-quake in New-England, of the Birth of a Monfter at Bojlon, in the Majfachufets-Bay a mortality, and now we are two leagues off Cape Ann.
The Thirtieth day proved ftormie, and having loft the fight of the Land, we faw none untill the morning ; doubtfully difcovering the Coaft, fearing the Lee-fhore all night we bore out to Sea.
JiUy the firft day, we founded at 8 of the clock at night, and found 93 fathome water, defcried land.
The Third day, we Anchored in the Bay of [p. 12.] Majfachiifets before Bojlon. Mr. Tinges other man now dyed of the fmall pox.
The Tenth day, I went a fliore upon Noddles I/land to Mr. Samuel Maverick (for my paffage) the only hofpita- ble man in all the Countrey, giving entertainment to all Comers gratis.
Now before I proceed any further, it will not be Im- pertinent to give the intending planter fome Inflructions for the furnifliing of himfelf with things neceffary, and for undertaking the Tranfport of his Family, or any others.
To which end obferve, that a Ship of 150 Tuns, with 2 Decks and a half, and 26 men, with 12 pieces of Ordnance, the charge will amount per moneth, with the Mariners, to 120 pound /^r moneth. It is better to let the Owners undertake for the Victualling of the Mari- ners, and their pay for Wages, and the Tranfporter only to take care of the paffengers.
The
14 yojfelyns Account of
The common proportion of ViH-iials for the Sea to a Me£] being ^ men, is as follow eth ;
Two pieces of Beef, of 3 pound and ^per piece. Four pound of Bread. One pint J of Peafe.
[p. 13.] Four Gallons of Bear, with Muflard and Vine- gar for three flefli dayes in the week.
For four fifli dayes, to each mefs per day. Two^ pieces of Codd or Habberdine, making three pieces
of a fifh. One quarter of a pound of Butter. Four pound of B^^ead. Three quarters of a pound of Cheefe. Bear as before.
Oatmeal per day, for 50 men, Gallon i. and fo proportion- able for more or fewer.
Thus you fee the Ships provifion, is Beef or Porke, FifJi, Butter, Cheefe, Peafe, Pottage, Water-gruel, Bifket, and fix fliilling Bear.
For private frefli provifion, you may carry with you (in cafe you, or any of yours fliould be fick at Sea) Con- ferves of Rofes, Clove-Gillifowers, Wormwood, Green-Gin- ger, Burnt- Wine, Englifh Spirits, Prunes to stew, Raifons of the Stm, Cnrrence, Sugar, Nutmeg, Mace, Cinnamon, Pepper and Ginger, White Bifket, or Spa7iifJi rifk. Eggs, Rice, juice of Lemmons well put up to cure, or prevent the Scurvy. Small Skillets, Pipkins, Porrengers, and fmall Frying pans.
To
Two Voyages to New-Englmid.
15
To prevent or take away Sea ficknefs, Conferve of Wormwood is very proper, but thefe following Troches I prefer before it.
Firft make pafle of Sugar and Gtim-Dragaga7it mixed together, then mix therewith [p. 14.] a reafonable quan- titie of the powder of Cinnamon and Ginger^ and if you pleafe a little Mujk alfo, and make it up into Roules of feveral fafliions, which you may gild, of this when you are troubled in your Stomach, take and eat a quantity accord- ing to difcretion.
Apparel for one man^ and after the rate for more.
One Hatt
One Mo7imo2ith Cap .... Three falling bands Three Shirts ..... One Waflcoat ....
One fuit of Prize ....
One fuit of Cloth .... One fuit of Canvas .... Three pair of IriJJi Stockins . Four pair of Shoos .... One pair of Canvas Sheets Seven ells of courfe Canvas to make a bed | at Sea for two men, to be filled with ftraw j
One courfe Rug at Sea for two men
s.
:) I
I
7 2
19 15
7
5 8
8
5 6
d o
10
'•> o
6 6 o o 6 o o o
o
Sum Total. 400
ViHuals
|
/. |
s. |
^. |
|
2 |
o |
O |
|
O |
6 |
o |
|
O |
9 |
o |
|
o |
2 |
6 |
|
o |
3 |
6 |
|
o |
2 |
o |
1 6 Jojfelyns Account of
[p. 15.] ViBiials for a whole year to be carried out of England yi?r one man, and fo for more after the rate.
Eight bufhels of Meal . . . . ' . Two bufliels of Peafe at three fliiUings a bufliel Two bufhels of Oatmeal, at four and fix pence
the bufhel
One Gallon of Aqua vitce
One Gallon of Oyl
Two Gallons of Vinegar
Note.
Of Sugar and Spice, 8 pound make the flone, 1 3 ftone and an half, i. e. 100 pound maketh the hundred, but your beft way is to buy your Sugar there, for it is cheap- eft, but for Spice you muft carry it over with you.
/. A Hogfliead of Englifli Beef will coft . 5
A Hogftiead of IrifJi Beef will coft . . 2 A Barrel of Oatmeal . . . . .0 A Hogfliead of Aqua vitce will coft . . 4 A Hogfliead of Vinegar . . . . i
A bufliel of Muflardfeed . . . . o
[p. 16.] A Ke7ital oi fifli, Cod or Habberdine is 112 pound, will coft if it be merchantable fifli, Two or three and thirty Rials a Rental, if it be refufe you may have it
|
s. |
d |
|
0 |
0 |
|
10 |
0 |
|
13 |
0 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
6 |
0 |
for 10 or II fliillings a Kental.
Wooden
|
s. |
d. |
|
2 |
o |
|
O |
9 |
Two Voyages to New-England. 17
Wooden Ware.
I. A pair of Bellowes . . . . . .0
A Skoope ....... o
A pair of Wheels for a Cart, if you buy them 1
in the Countrey, they will coft 3 or 4 pound j Wheelbarrow you may have there, in EngA ^
land they cofl ..... j A great pail in Englajtd will coft . . o o 10
A Boat called a Canow, will cofl in the Coun-^
trey (with a pair of Paddles) if it be a good ^ 3 o o
one . . . . . . . .J
A fliort Oake ladder in England WiW cofl but o
A Plough o
An Axletree ...... o
A Cart o
For a cafling fhovel ..... o
For a fliovel ....... o
For a Sack ...... o
For a Lanthorn . . . . . .0
Eor Tobacco pipes Jliort Jleels, and great bonis 14 pence and 16 pence the grofe.
[p. 1 7.] For clipping an hundred fheep in | ^
England . . . . . . j
For winding the Wool . . . . .008
For wafliing them . . . . . 020
For one Garnifli of Peuter . . . .200
3 Prizes
|
0 |
10 |
|
3 |
9 |
|
0 |
8 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
0 |
10 |
|
0 |
6 |
|
2 |
4 |
|
I |
3 |
yojffelyns Account of
Prizes of Iron Ware.
A r 7ns for one ma7i, but if half of your men have ' Ar7no7ir it is fufficient fo that all have pieces andfwords.
One Armour compleat, light .... One long piece five foot, or five and a half I
near IMufket bore . . . . . j
One Sword .......
One Bandaleer ......
One Belt
Twenty pound of powder .... Sixty pound of fliot or lead, piftol and Goofe )
fiiot J
Tools for a FaTnily of Six perfons^ a7id fo after the rate for more.
Five broad howes at two fliillings a piece
Five narrow howes at i6 pence a piece
[p. 1 8.] Five felling Axes at i8 pence a piece
Two fteel hand-fawes at i6 pence the piece
Two hand-fawes at 5 fliillings a piece .
One whip faw, fet and filed with box
A file and wrefl ......
Two Hammers 12 pence a piece
Three fhovels 1 8 pence a piece fliod .
Two fpades 1 8 pence a piece ....
Two Augars ......
|
/. |
s. |
d. |
|
0 |
17 |
0 |
|
I |
2 |
0 |
|
0 |
5 |
0 |
|
0 |
I |
6 |
|
0 |
I |
0 |
|
0 |
18 |
0 |
|
0 |
10 |
0 |
|
0 |
6 |
8 |
|
0 |
7 |
6 |
|
0 |
2 |
8 |
|
0 |
10 |
0 |
|
0 |
10 |
0 |
|
0 |
0 |
10 |
|
0 |
2 |
0 |
|
0 |
4 |
6 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
|
0 |
I |
0 |
|
T |
wo |
Two Voyages to New-England.
19
Two broad Axes at 3 fliillings 8 pence a piece Six Chiffels .... . . .
Three Gimblets ......
Two Hatchets One and twenty pence a piece
Two froues to cleave pail at 18 pence a piece
Two hand-bills at 20 pence a piece .
Nails of all forts to be valued
Two pick-Axes ......
Three Locks, and 3 pair of Fetters
Two Currie Combs , . . . .
For a Brand to brand Beafls with
For a Chain and lock for a Boat
For a Coulter weighing 10 pound
For a Hand-vife ......
fp. 19.] For a Pitch-fork ....
For one hundred weight of Spikes Nails and pins 120, to the hundred For a fhare .......
HotiJJiould Implements for a Family of fix per- fons, and fo for more or lefs after the rate.
One Iron Pot
For one great Copper Kettle .... For a fmall Kettle .....
For a leffer Kettle
For one large Frying-pan ....
For a fmall Frying-pan .....
For a brafs Morter .....
For a Spit .......
For one Grid-Iron .....
Fo rwo Skillets
|
/. |
S. |
d. |
|
0 |
7 |
4 |
|
0 |
3 |
0 |
|
0 |
0 |
6 |
|
0 |
3 |
6 |
|
0 |
3 |
0 |
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0 |
3 |
4 |
|
2 |
0 |
0 |
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0 |
3 |
0 |
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0 |
5 |
10 |
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0 |
0 |
1 1 |
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0 |
0 |
6 |
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0 |
2 |
2 |
|
0 |
3 |
4 |
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0 |
2 |
6 |
|
0 |
I |
4 |
|
2 |
5 |
0 |
o
2 II
|
0 |
7 |
0 |
|
2 |
0 |
0 |
|
0 |
10 |
0 |
|
0 |
6 |
0 |
|
0 |
2 |
6 |
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0 |
I |
8 |
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0 |
3 |
0 |
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0 |
2 |
0 |
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0 |
I |
0 |
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0 |
5 |
0 |
Platters,
20 ■ yojfelyns Accoimt of
L s. d. Platters, diflies, & fpoons of wood . . .040 For Sugar, Spice, and fruits at Sea for fix men o 12 10 The fraught will be for one man half a Tun.
Having refreflied my felf for a day or two upon Nod- dles-Ifland, I croffed the Bay in a fmall Boat to Boflon^ which then was rather a Village, than a Town, there be- ing not [p. 20.] above Twenty or thirty houfes ; and pre- fenting my refpedls to Mr. Winthorpe the Governour, and to Mr. Cotton the Teacher of Boflon Church, to whom I delivered from Mr. Francis Quarks the poet, the Tranf- lation of the 16, 25, 51, 88, 113, and 137. Pfalms into Englijh Meeter, for his approbation, being civilly treated by all I had occafion to converfe with, I returned in the Evening to my lodging.
The Twelfth day of July, after I had taken my leave of Mr. Maverick, and fome other Gentlemen, I took Boat for the Eaflern parts of the Countrie, and arrived at Black point \w the Province of Main, which is 150 miles from Boflon, the Fourteenth day, which makes my voyage 1 1 weeks and odd dayes.
The Countrey all along as I failed, being no other than a meer Wildernefs, here and there by the Sea-fide a few fcattered plantations, with as few houfes.
About the Tenth of Atigujl, I hapned to walk into the Woods, not far from the Sea-fide, and falling upon a piece of ground over-grown with buflies, called there black Currence, but differing from our Garden Currence, they being ripe and hanging in lovely bunches ; I fet up my piece againll; a (lately Oake, with a refolution to fill my [p. 21.] belly, being near half a mile from the houfe ; of
Two Voyages to New-E^igland. 2 1
a fudden I heard a hollow thumping noife upon the Rocks approaching towards me, which made me pref- ently to recover my piece, which I had no fooner cock'd, than a great and grim over-grown flie-Wolf appears, at whom I fliot, and finding her Gor-belly fluft with flefli newly taken in, I began prefently to fufpecl that flie had fallen foul upon our Goats, which were then valued (our fhe Goats) at Five pound a Goat ; Therefore to make fur- ther difcovery, I defcended (it being low water) upon the Sea fands, with an intent to walk round about a neck of land where the Goats ufually kept. I had not gone far before I found the footing of two Wolves, and one Goat betwixt them, whom they had driven into a hollow, be- twixt two Rocks, hither I followed their footing, and per- ceiving by the Crowes, that there was the place of flaugh- ter, I hung my piece upon my back, and upon all four clambered up to the top of the Rock, where I made ready my piece and fliot at the dog Wolf, who was feed- ing upon the remainder of the Goat, which was only the fore flioulders, head and horns, the reft being devoured by the flie-Wolf, even to the very hair of the Goat : and it is very obfervable, that when [p. 22.] the Wolves have kill'd a Beaft, or a Hog, not a Dog-Wolf amongft them offers to eat any of it, till the flic-Wolves have filled their paunches.
The Twenty fourth of September, being Munday about 4 of the clock in the afternoon, a fearful florm of wind began to rage, called a Hurricane. It is an inipctnous wind that goes commonly about the Compafs in the /pace of 24 honrs, it began from the W. N. W. and continued till next morning, the greatefl mifchief it did us, was the
wracking
2 2 yoffelyns Account of
wracking of our Shallop, and the blowing down of many tall Trees, in fome places a mile together.
December the Tenth, happened an Eclipfe of the Moon at 8 of the clock at night, it continued till after ii, as near as we could guefs ; in old England it began after midnight, and continued till 4 of the clock in the morning; if Seamen would make obfervatio7i of the time, either of the beginni?ig or ending of the Eclipfe, or total darknefs of Sun and Moon in all places where they fJiall happen to be, and confer their obfervations to fo7ne Artifl, hereby the longitude of all places might be certainly known, which are now very uncertainly reported to tis.
1639. May, which fell out to be extream hot and fog- gie, about the middle of May, I [p. 23.] kill'd within a ftones throw of our houfe, above four fcore Snakes, fome of them as big as the fmall of my leg, black of colour, and three yards long, with a fliarp horn on the tip of their tail two inches in length.
Jime the Six and twentieth day, very flormie. Light- ning and Thunder. I heard now two of the greateft and fearfuUeft thunder-claps that ever were heard, I am confi- dent. At this time we had fome neiglibourihg Gentle- men in our houfe, who came to welcome me into the Countrey ; where amongfl variety of difcourfe they told me of a young Lyon (not long before) kill'd at Pifcata- way by an Indian ; of a S^^i-Serpent or Snake, that lay quoiled up like a Cable upon a Rock at Cape- Ann : a Boat paffmg by with EnglifJi aboard, and two Indians, they would have fhot the Serpent but the Indians dif- fwaded them, faying, that if he were not kill'd out-right, they would be all in danger of their lives.
One
Two Voyages to New-E7tgland. 23
One Mr. Mittin related of a Triton or Mereman which he faw in Cafcobay, the Gentleman was a great Fouler, and ufed to goe out with a fmall Boat or Canow, and fetching a compafs about a fmall Ifland, (there being many fmall Iflands in the Bay) for the advantage of a fliot, was encountred [p. 24,] with a Triton, who laying his hands upon the fide of the Canow, had one of them chopt off with a Hatchet by Mr. Mittin, which was in all refpedts like the hand of a man, the Triton prefently funk, dying the water with his purple blood, and was no more feen. The next ftory was told by Mr. Foxwell, now liv- ing in the province of Main, who having been to the Eaftward in a Shallop, as far as Cape- Ann a Waggon in his return was overtaken by the night, and fearing to land upon the barbarous fliore, he put off a little further to Sea ; about midnight they were wakened with a loud voice from the fhore, calling upon Toxwetl, Foxwell come a fhore, two or three times : upon the Sands they faw a great fire, and Men and Women hand in hand dancing round about it in a ring, after an hour or two they vaniflied, and as foon as the day appeared, Foxwell puts into a fmall Cove, it being about three quarters floud, and traces along the fliore, where he found the footing of Men, Women and Children fliod with flioes ; and an infinite number of brands-ends thrown up by the water, but neither Indian nor EngliJJi could he meet with on the fliore, nor in the woods ; thefe with many other ftories they told me, the credit whereof I will neither impeach nor inforce, but fliall [p. 25.] fatisfie my felf, and I hope the Reader hereof, with the faying of a wife, learned and honourable Knight, tliat there are maiiy Jlranger things in the world, than are to be feen between London and Stanes.
Septejnber
24 yoj/elyns Accou7it of
September the Sixth day, one Mr. Jolm Hickforci the Son of Mr. Hickford a Linnen-Draper in Ckeapjide, hav- ino- been fome time in the province of Alain, and now determined to return for England, fold and kill'd his flock of Cattle and Hoggs, one great Sow he had which he made great account of, but being very fat, and not fufpe6l- ing that flie was with pig, he caufed her to be kill'd, and they found 25 pigs within her belly ; verifying the old proverb. As fruitful as a white fow. And now we were told of a fow in Virgmia that brought forth fix pigs ; their fore-parts Lyons, their hinder-parts hogs. / have read that at Bruxels, Anno 1564. a fow brought forth fix pigs, the firfi whereof {for the laft in generating is always in bruit beafis the firfi brought forth) had the head, face, arms and legs of a man, but the whole trunck of the body from the neck, was of a fwine, a fodomitical moifler is more like the mother than the father in the organs of the vegetative foul.
The Three and twentieth, I left Black-point, and came to Richmonds Ifland about [p. 26.] three leagues to the Eaftward, where Mr. Tralanie kept a fifliing, Mr. John Wi^iter a grave and difcreet man was his Agent, and im- ployer of 60 men upon that defign.
The Four and twentieth day being Mu7iday, I went aboard the Felloivfiiip of 100 and 70 Tuns a Flemifli bot- tom, the Mafter George Luxon of Bittiford in Devonfiiire, feveral of my friends came to bid me farewell, among the reft Captain Tho^nas Wannerton who drank to me a pint of kill-devil alias Rhum at a draught, at 6 of the clock in the morning we weighed Anchor, and fet fail for the Maf fachtifets-bay.
The
Two Voyages to New-Englafid. 25
The Seven and twentieth day being Fryday, we Anch- ored in the afternoon in the MaJ[achnfets-bay before Bojlon. Next day I went aboard of Mr. Hinder/on, Maf- ter of a fliip of 500 Tuns, and Captain Jack/on in the Queen of Bohemia a privateer, and from thence I went afhore to Bojion^ where I refreflied my felf at an Ordinary. Next morning I was invited to a fiflierman's houfe fome- what lower within the Bay, and was there by his Wife prefented with a handful of fmall Pearl, but none of them bored nor orient. F>om thence I croft the Bay to Charles-tow7i, where at one Lo7igs Ordinary I met with Captain Jack/on and others, walking on the back fide we fpied a rattle [p. 27.] Snake a yard and half long, and as thick in the middle as the fmall of a mans leg, on the belly yellow, her back fpotted with black, ruffet, yellow and green, placed like fcales, at her tail flie had a rattle which is nothing but a hollow flielly buffinefs joynted, look how many years old flie is, fo many rattles flie hath in her tail, her neck feemed to be no bigger than ones Thumb ; yet flie fwallowed a live Chicken, as big as one they give 4 pence for in Eiigland, prefently as we were looking on. In the afternoon I returned to our Ship, being no fooner aboard but we had the fight of an Iil- dian-Fmn3.ce failing by us made of Birc/i-dark, fewed to- gether with the roots of fprufe and white Cedar (drawn out into threads) with a deck, and trimmed with fails top and top gallant very fumptuoufly.
The Thirtieth day of September, I went afliore upon A^^^^/^i"-Ifland, where when I was come to Mr. Maver- icks he would not let me go aboard no more, until the Ship was ready to fet fail ; the next day a grave and fober 4 perfon
f c f t -^^--^-^*-*^* ' • • • • *
26
yojjelyns Account of
perfon defcribed the Monfter to me, that was born at Bof- ton of one Mrs. Dyer a great Secftarie, the Nine and twen- tieth of June, it was {itfJiould feem) without a head, but having horns like a Beafi, and ears.fcales on a rough fkin like afifh [p. 28.] called a Thornback, legs and claws like a Hawke, and in other 7'efpe^s as a Woman-child.
The Second of October, about 9 of the clock in the morning, Mr. Mavericks Negro woman came to my cham- ber window, and in her own Countrey language and tune fang very loud and fliril, going out to her, flie ufed a great deal of refpedl towards me, and willingly would have expreffed her grief in EnglifJi ; but I apprehended it by her countenance and deportment, whereupon I re- paired to my hoft, to learn of him the caufe, and refolved to intreat him in her behalf, for that I underftood before, that flie had been a Queen in her own Countrey, and obferved a very humble and dutiful garb ufed towards her by another Negro who was her maid. Mr. Maverick was defirous to have a breed of Negroes, and therefore feeing fhe would not yield by perfwafions to company with a Negro young man he had in his houfe ; he com- manded him wiird flie nill'd flie to go to bed to her, which was no fooner done but flie kickt him out again, this flie took in high difdain beyond her flavery, and this was the caufe of her grief. In the afternoon I walked into the Woods on the back fide of the houfe, and hap- pening into a [p. 29.] fine broad walk (which was a fledg- way) I wandered till I chanc't to fpye a fruit as I thought like a pine Apple plated with fcales, it was as big as the crown of a Womans hat ; I made bold to ftep unto it, with an intent to have gathered it, no fooner had I toucht
it
^i ■^:. 'T^,.']^ '^|^;^-w'--^ "\4
%.
^''m^'
»•.• »J •J.»^» ».• » 1 • I I J 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 IT
I i.i.t i.i » • • • I 1 s 1 1 1 )> 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 I i.i.i.i.l.i •.i.i^J J.a i i i I i I i ) 1 1 111
i-i-i 1 i-i_lLi_t_i_i.i.i 1. 1.1 I 1 1 1 1 1 -y "I 1 •
1 > 1
1
Tzuo Voyages to New-Engla7id.
27
it, but hundreds of Wafps were about me ; at laft I cleared my felf from them, being ftung only by one upon the upper lip, glad I was that I fcaped fo well ; But by that time I was come into the houfe my lip was fwell'd fo extreamly, that they hardly knew me but by my Garments.
The Tenth of October, I went aboard and we fell down to ^anta/cot, here Mr. Davies (Mr. Hicks the Apothe- carie in Fleet-Jlreets Son-in-law) dyed of the Phthifick aboard on a Sunday in the afternoon. The next day Mr. Liixoii our Mafter having been alhore upon the Govern- ours Ifland gave me half a fcore very fair Pippins which he brought from thence, there being not one Apple-tree, nor Pear planted yet in no part of the Countrey, but upon that Ifland.
The Fifteenth day, we fet fail from Nantafcot.
The Sixteenth day Mr. Robert Fojler, one of our paf- fengers Preached aboard upon [p. 30.] the 113 Pfalm ; The Lo7'dJJiall preferve thy going out, & thy coming in; The Sectaries began to quarrel with him, efpecially Mr. Vincent Potter, he who was afterwards queftioned for a Regicide.
The Seventeenth day, towards Sun-fet a Lanner fettled upon our main Maft-top, when it was dark I hired one of the Sailers to fetch her down, and I brought her into England \i\\}!\ much ado, being fain to feed her with hard Eggs. After this day, we had very cold weather at Sea, our deck in a morning ore-fpread with hoarie froft, and dangling Ifickles hung upon the Ropes. Some fay the Sea IS hotter in winter, tha?t in fumm,er ; but I did not find it fo.
November the P"ifth day, about three of the clock in the
afternoon,
26 Joffelyjis Account of
perfon defcribed the Monfter to me, that was born at Bof- tou of one Mrs. DyerTi great Secftarie, the Nine and tzuen- tieth of June, it was {itfiould feem) witJwut a head, but having horns like a Beafi, and ears, fcales on a rough fkin like a fifJi [p. 28.] called a Thornback, legs and claws like a Hawke, and in other refpe^ls as a Woman-child.
The Second of OHober, about 9 of the clock in the morning, Mr. Mavericks Negro woman came to my cham- ber window, and in her own Countrey language and tune fang very loud and fliril, going out to her, flie ufed a great deal of refpe6l towards me, and willingly would have expreffed her grief in Englifli ; but I apprehended it by her countenance and deportment, whereupon I re- paired to my hoffc, to learn of him the caufe, and refolved to intreat him in her behalf, for that I underftood before, that fhe had been a Queen in her own Countrey, and obferved a very humble and dutiful garb ufed towards her by another Negro who was her maid. Mr. Maverick was defirous to have a breed of Negroes, and therefore feeing fhe would not yield by perfwafions to company with a Negro young man he had in his houfe ; he com- manded him wiird fhe nill'd flie to go to bed to her, which was no fooner done but flie kickt him out again, this flie took in high difdain beyond her flavery, and this was the caufe of her grief In the afternoon I walked into the Woods on the back fide of the houfe, and hap- pening into a [p. 29.] fine broad walk (which was a fledg- way) I wandered till I chanc't to fpye a fruit as I thought like a pine Apple plated with fcales, it was as big as the crown of a Womans hat ; I made bold to ftep unto it, with an intent to have gathered it, no fooner had I touclit
it.
Two Voyages to New-Ejigland. 27
it, but hundreds of Wafps were about me ; at laft I cleared my felf from them, being ftung only by one upon the upper lip, glad I was that I fcaped fo well ; But by that time I was come into the houfe my lip was fwell'd fo extreamly, that they hardly knew me but by my Garments.
The Tenth of OHober, I went aboard and we fell down to ^antafcot, here Mr. Davies (Mr. Hicks the Apothe- carie in Fleet-Jlreets Son-in-law) dyed of the Phthifick aboard on a Sunday in the afternoon. The next day Mr. Luxon our Mafter having been afliore upon the Govern- ours Ifland gave me half a fcore very fair Pippins which he brought from thence, there being not one Apple-tree, nor Pear planted yet in no part of the Countrey, but upon that Ifland.
The Fifteenth day, we fet fail from Nantafcot.
The Sixteenth day Mr. Robert Fojler, one of our paf- fengers Preached aboard upon [p. 30.] the 1 1 3 Pfalm ; The Lord JJtall preferve thy going out, & thy coming iii; The Se6laries began to quarrel with him, efpecially Mr. Vincent Potter, he who was afterwards queftioned for a Regicide.
The Seventeenth day, towards Sun-fet a Lanner fettled upon our main Maffc-top, when it was dark I hired one of the Sailers to fetch her down, and I brought her into England with much ado, being fain to feed her with hard Eggs. After this day, we had very cold weather at Sea, our deck in a morning ore-fpread with hoaric froft, and dangling Ifickles hung upon the Ropes. Some fay the Sea is hotter in winter, than in fummcr ; biit I did not find it fo.
November the Fifth day, about three of the clock in the
afternoon,
28 Joffelyjis Account of
afternoon, the Manners obferved the rifmg of a Httle black cloud in the N. W. which increafing apace, made them prepare againft a coming ftorm, the wind in fliort time grew to boifterous, bringing after us a huge grown Sea, at 5 of the clock it was pitchie dark.
And the bitter Jiorm augments ; the wild winds wage
War from all parts ; and joyn with the Seas rage.
[p. 31.] The fad clouds fink in f lowers ; you would have thought.,
That highfwolnfeas even unto Heaven had wrought ;
And Heaven to Seas defended: nofiarfhown;
Blind night i7i darknefs, tempefs, and her ozvn
Dread terrours lofi ; yet this dire lightning turns
To more fear d light ; the Sea with lightning Burns.
The Pilot knew not what to chufe or fly.,
Art food amazd i7i Ambiguity.
The florm augmenting ftill, the next day about 4 of the clock afternoon we loft our Rudder, and with that our hopes, fo neceffary a part it is, that a fliip without it, is like a wild horfe without a bridle ; yet Arifotle that
Eagle-
Two Voyages to New-England. 29
Eagle-Q.yd Philofopher could not give a reafon, why fo fmall a thing as a HebnJJwuld rule theJJiip.
[p. 32.] The Seventh day at night, the wind began to dye away, the next day we had leafure to repair our breaches ; it continued calm till the 1 3 day, and all the while we faw many dead bodies of men and women float- ing by us.
The Four and twentieth, we arrived before Bitti/ord, having pafl; before under L7mdee-\i\2ind.
The Second
VOYAGE.
I Have heard of a certain Merchant in the weft of Eng. land, who after many great loffes, walking upon the Sea-bank in a calm Sun-fhining day ; obferving the fmoothnefs of the Sea, coming in with a chequered or dimpled wave : Ah (quoth he) thou flattering Element, many a time hafl: thou inticed me to throw my felf and my fortunes into thy Arms; but thou haft hitherto proved treacherous ; thinking to find thee a Mother of encreafe, I have found thee to be the Mother of mifchief and wick- ednefs ; yea the Father of prodigies ; therefore, being now fecure, I will truft thee no more : But mark this mans refolution a while after, periailum maris /pes lucri fuperat. So fared it with me, that having efcaped the dangers of one Voyage, muft needs put on a refolution for a fecond, wherein I plowed many a churlifli billow [p. 34.] with little or no advantage, but rather to my lofs and det- riment. In the fetting down, whereof I purpofe not to infifl in a methodical way, but according to my quality, in a plain and brief relation as I have done already ; for I perceive, if I ufed all the Art that poffibly I could, it would be difficult to pleafe all, for all mens eyes, ears, faith, judgement, are not of a fize. There be a fort of ftagnant flinking fpirits, who, like flyes, lye fucking at the
botches
Two Voyages to New-England. 3 1
botches of carnal pleafures, and never travelled fo much Sea, as is between Heth-ferry^ and Lyon-Key ; yet not- withftanding, (fitting in the Chair of the fcornful over their whifts and draughts of intoxication) will defperately cenfure the relations of the greateft Travellers. It was a good provi/o of a learned man, never to report wonders, for in fo doing, of the greateft he \v\\\ be fure not to be believed, but laughed at, which certainly bewraies their ignorance and want of difcretion. Of Fools and Mad- men then I fliall take no care, I will not invite thefe in the leaft to honour me with a glance from their fupercil- ious eyes ; but rather advife them to keep their infpe(5fion for their fine-tongu'd Romances, and playes. This homely piece, I protefl ingenuoufly, is prepared for fuch only who well know how to make ufe of their [p. 35.] charitable conftrudlions towards works of this nature, to whom I fubmit my felf in all my faculties, and proceed in my fec- ond voyage.
Anno 1663. May the Three and twentieth, I went down to Grave/end, it being Saturday I lay aihore till Monday the fifth, about 1 1 a clock at night, I went aboard the So- ciety belonging to Bq/ion in the MaJ/acku/ets a Colony of EngliJJi in New-England^ of 200 and 20 Tun, carrying 16 Iron Guns moft unferviceable, man'd with 33 failers, and ']'] paffengers, men, women and children.
The Six and twentieth day, about 6 of the clock in the morning we weighed Anchor, and fell down with the tide three or four miles below Grave/end.
The Seven and twentieth in the afternoon, we weighed Anchor and came into the Hope before Dcal-Cajlle, here we were wind bound till
The
32 Joffelyris Account of
The 30 day, we fet fail out of the Downs, being Satur- day about 9 of the clock in the morning, about 4 of the clock in the afternoon we came up with BeacJiy by W. at Nore.
The One and thirtieth at 4 of the clock in the morning we came up with the Ifle of Wight, at 4 of the clock in the afternoon [p. 36.] we had Portland N. N. W. of us, 6 leagues off, the wind being then at N. W. by N. at 5 of the clock we came to Dartmouth, the w^nd W. S. W.
fnne the firft day, being Mo7iday about 4 of the clock Plimouth was about 9 leagues off, our courfe W. S. W. the Start bore North diftant about 6 leagues from whence our reckonings began ; the wind now E. N. E. a fair gale.
The fecond day the Lizard bore N. N. W. in the lati- tude 51. 300 leagues from Cape-Cod in New England, our courfe W. and by 6". One of our paffengers now dyed of a Confumption,
The Fifth day we fleered S. W. obferved and found the fliip in latitude 47 degrees, and 44 minutes.
The Tenth day obferved and found the fhip in latitude 49 degrees, and 24 minutes.
The Five and twentieth day, about 3 of the clock in the morning we difcovered land, about 6 of the clock Flowers, fo called from abundance of flowers, and Corvo from a multitude of Crowes ; two of the Azores or weft- ern Iflands, in the Atlantique Ocean not above 250 leagues from Li/don bore A^. W. of us fome 3 leagues off, we fleered aw^ay W. by W. obferved and found Flowers to be in the Southern part in latitude 39 [p. 37.] degrees 13 minuts, we defcryed a Village and a fmall Church or Chappel feated in a pleafant valley to the Eafler-fide of
the
Two Voyages to New-England. 33
the Ifland, the whole Ifland is rockie and mountanious about 8 miles in compafs, ftored with Corn, Wine and Goats, and inhabited by outlaw'd Portingals, the Town they call Santa Cmiz. Corvo is not far from this, I fiip- pofed two or three leagues, a meer mountain, and very high and fteep on all fides, cloathed with tall wood on the very top, uninhabited, but the Flowreajis here keep fome number of Goats.
The Seven and twentieth day, 30 leagues to the weft- ward of thefe Iflands we met with a fmall Veffel ftoln from Jamaico, but 10 men in her, and thofe of feveral nations, EngliJJi, French, Scotch, Dutch almoft famifh'd, having been out as they told us, by reafon of calms, three moneths, bound for Holland.
July the fixth, calm now for two or three dayes, our men went out to fwim, fome hoifted the Shallop out and took divers Turtles, there being an infinite number of them all over the Sea as far as we could ken, and a man may ken at Sea in a clear Air 20 miles, they floated upon the top of the water being a fleep, and driving gently upon them with the Shallop, of a fudden [p. 38.] they took hold of their hinder legs and lifted them into the boat, if they be not very nimble they awake and prefently dive under water ; when they were brought aboard they fob'd and wept exceedingly, continuing to do fo till the next day that we killed them, by chopping off their heads, and having taken off their fliells (that on their back being faireft, is called a Gaily patch) we opened the body and took out three hearts in one cafe, and (which was more ftrange) we perceived motion in the hearts ten hours after they were taken out. I have obferved in England in my 5 youthful
34 yoffelyns Account of
youthful dayes the like in the heart of a Pike, and the heart of a Frog, which will leap and fkip as nimbly as the Frog ufed to do when it was alive from whom it was taken. Likewife the heart of a Pig\\\S\. ftir after it is exenterated. Being at a friends houfe in Cambridg-JIiire, the Cook-maid making ready to daughter a Pig, flie put the hinder parts between her legs as the ufual manner is, and taking the fnout in her left hand with a long knife flie ftuck the Pig and cut the fmall end of the heart almoil; in two, letting it bleed as long as any bloud came forth, then throwing of it into a Kettle of boyling water, the Pig fwom twice round about the kettle, when taking of it out to [p. 39.] the dreffer flie rub'd it with powdered Rozen and flript off the hair, and as flie was cutting off the hinder pettito, the Pig lifts up his head wath open mouth, as if it would have bit- ten : well, the belly was cut up, and the entrails drawn out, and the heart laid upon the board, w^iich notwith- ftanding the wound it received had motion in it, above four hours after ; there were feveral of the Family by, with my felf, and we could not otherwayes conclude but that the Pig was bewitched ; but this by the way. Of the Sea Turtles there be five forts, firft the Trunck- turtle which is big^efl:, Secondly, the Loggerhead-turtle. Thirdly, the Hawkbill-turtle, which wnth its bill will bite horribly. Fourthly, the Green-turtle which is beft for food, it is affinned that the feeding upon this Turtle for a twelve moneth, forbearing all other kind of food will cure abfo- lutely Confumptions, and the great pox ; They are a very delicate food, and their Eggs are very wholefome and re- ftorative, it is an Aniphibioiis Creature going afliore, the male throws the female on her back when he couples with
her,
Two Voyages to New-Engla7id. 35
her, which is termed cooting, their Eggs grown to perfec- tion the female goes afliore again and making a hole in the Sand, there layes her Eggs which are numerous, I have feen a peck [p. 40.] of Eggs taken out of one Tur- tle ; when they have laid they cover the hole again with fand, and return to the Sea never looking after her Eggs, which hatching in the fand and coming to fome ftrength break out and repair to the Sea, Having fill'd our bellies with Turtles and Bonito s, called SpaniJJi Dolphins excel- lently well cooked both of them, the wind blowing fair,
The Eighth day we fpread our fails and went on our voyage, after a while we met with abundance of Sea-weeds called Gulf-weed coming out of the Bay of Mexico, and firr-trees floating on the Sea, obferved and found the Ship to be in 39 degrees and 49 minuts.
The Fifteenth day we took a young Sharke about three foot long, which being dreft and diflied by a young Mer- chant a paffenger happened to be very good fifli, having very white flefh in flakes like Codd but delicately curl'd, the back-bone which is perfectly round, joynted with fhort joynts, the fpace between not above a quarter of an inch thick, feparated they make fine Table-men, being wrought on both fides with curious works.
The One and twentieth thick hafie weather.
The Five and twentieth we met with a [p. 41.] Plim- otith man come from St. Malloes in France, 10 weeks out, laden with cloath, fruit, and honey, bound for Bojlon in New-England.
The Six and twentieth we had fight of land.
The Seven and twentieth we Anchored at Nanta/cofy in the afternoon I went aboard of a Ketch, with fome
other
36 JoJ/elyns Account of
other of our paffengers, in hope to get to Bojion that nieht ; but the Mafter of the Ketch would not confent.
The Eight and twentieth being Titcfday, in the morn- ing about 5 of the clock he lent us his Shallop and three of his men, who brought us to the weflern end of the town where we landed, and having gratified the men, w^e repaired to an Ordinary (for fo they call their Taverns there) where we were provided with a liberal cup of burnt Madera-wine, and flore of plum-cake, about ten of the clock I went about my Affairs.
Before I purfue my Voyage to an end, I fliall give you to underftand what Countrie A^ew-England is. Neiu-Eng- land is that part of America, which together with Vir- ginia, Mary land, and Nova-fcotia were by the Indians called (by one name) Wingadacoa, after the difcovery by Sir Walter [p. 42.] Razvleigh they were named Virginia, and fo remained untill King James divided the Countrey into Provinces. New-England then is all that tra6t of land that lyes between the Northerly latitudes of 40 and 46, that is from De-la-w are-Bay to Neiu-found-land, fome will have it to be in latitude from 41 to 45. in King James Letters Patents to the Council of Plimonth in DevonJJiire from 40 to 48 of the fame latitude, it is judged to be an Ifland, furrounded on the North with the fpacious River of Canada, on the South with Mahegan or Hudfons River, having their rife, as it is thought, from two great lakes not far off one another, the Sea lyes Eaft and South from the land, and is very deep, fome fay that the depth of the Sea being meafured with line and plummet, feldom exceeds two or three miles, except in fome places near the Swevian-^Qr&% and about Pontus, obferved by
Pliny.
Two Voyages to New-England. 37
Pliny. Sir Francis Drake threw out 7 Hogflieads of line near Porto-bello and found no bottom, but whether this be true or no, or that they were deceived by the Currants carrying away their lead and line, this is certainly true, that there is more Sea in the Weftern than the Eaftern Hemifphere, on the fliore in more places than one at fpring-tides, that is at the full or new of the moon, [p. 43.] the Sea rifeth 18 foot perpendicular, the reafon of this great flow of waters I refer to the learned, onely by the way I fliall acquaint you with two reafons for the ebbing and flowing: of the Sea ; the one delivered in Common conference, the other in a Sermon at Bojlon in the MaJ/a- cJmfets-Bay by an eminent man ; The firft was, that God and his fpirit moving tipon the waters catc/ed the motion ; the other, that the fpirit of the waters gathered the waters together ; as the fpirit of Chrifl gathered fouls.
The fliore is Rockie, with high cliffs, having a multi- tude of confiderable Harbours ; many of which are capa- cious enough for a Navy of 500 fail, one of a thoufand, the Countrie within Rockie and mountanious, full of tall wood, one fl;ately mountain there is furmounting the reft, about four fcore mile from the Sea : The defcription of it you have in my rarities of New-England, between the mountains are many ample rich and pregnant valleys as ever eye beheld, befet on each flde with variety of goodly Trees, the grafs man-high unmowed, uneaten and ufe- lefly withering ; within thefe valleys are fpacious lakes or ponds well ftored with Fifli and Beavers ; the original of all the great Rivers in the Countrie, of which there are many with leffer [p. 44.] ftreams (wherein are an infinite of fifh) manifefting the goodnefs of the foil which is black,
red-
38 JoJ/elyns Account of
red-clay, gravel, fand, loom, and very deep in fome places, as in the valleys and fwamps, which are low grounds and bottoms infinitely thick fet with Trees and Bullies of all forts for the moft part, others having no other flirub or Tree growing, but fprufe, under the fliades whereof you may freely walk two or three mile together ; being goodly large Trees, and convenient for malls and fail-yards. The whole Countrie produceth fprings in abundance replen- ifhed with excellent waters, having all the properties afcribed to the beft in the world.
Swift ist in pace, light poiz d, to look in clear, And quick in boiling {which efleemed were) Such qualities, as rightly underflood Withoitten thefe no water could be good.
One Spring there is, at Black-point in the Province of Main, coming otit of muddy clay that will colour a fpade, as if hate ht with filver, it is purgative and cures fcabs and Itch, &c.
The mountains and Rocky Hills are richly furniflied with mines of Lead, Silver, [p. 45.] Copper, Tin, and di- vers forts of minerals, branching out even to their fum- mits, where in fmall Crannies you may meet with threds of perfe61; filver ; yet have the EnglifJi no maw to open any of them, whether out of ignorance or fear of bringing a forraign Enemy upon them, or (like the dog in the manger) to keep their Soveraign from partaking of the benefits, who certainly may claim an intereft in them as his due, being eminently a gift proceeding from ^' ^^' ^' divine bounty to him ; no perfon can pretend in- tereft in Gold, Silver, or Copper by the law of Nations,
but
Two Voyages to New-England. 39
but the Soveraign Prince ; but the fubje6ls of our King have a right to mines difcovered in their own Lands and inheritances ; So as that every tenth Tun of fuch Oar is to be paid to the proprietors of fuch lands, and not to the ftate, if it be not a mine-Royal : if it prove to be a mine- Royal, every fifth Tun of all fuch Oar as fhall hold Gold or Silver worth refining, is to be rendered to the King. The learned Judges of our Kingdom have long Jince con- cluded, that although the Gold or Silver conteined in the bafe mettals of a mine in the land of a StibjeSl, be of lefs value than the bafer mettal ; yet if the Gold or Silver do countervail the charge of refining it, or be more worth than the bafe mettal fpent [p. 46,] in refining it, that then it is a mine-Royal, and as well the bafe mettal as the Gold and Silver in it belongs by prerogative to the Crown.
The ftones in the Countrey are for the moft inettle- ftone, free-ftone, pebble, flate, none that will run to lime, of which they have great want, of the flate you may make Tables eafie to be fplit to the thicknefs of an inch, or thicker if you pleafe, and long enough for a dozen men to fit at. Pretious ftones there are too, but if you defire to know further of them, fee the Rarities of New-England ; onely let me add this obfervation by the way, that Cryftal fet in the Sun taketh fire, and fetteth dry Tow or brown Paper on fire held to it. There is likewife a fort of glit- tering fand, which is altogether as good as the glaffie powder brought from the Indies to dry up Ink on paper newly written. The climate is reafonably temperate, hotter in Summer, and colder in Winter than with us, agrees with our Conftitutions better than hotter Climates^ thefe are limbecks to our bodies^ f arraign heat will extra fl
the
40 Jojffely7is Account of
the inward and adventitious heat con/time the natural, fo much more heat any man receives outwardly from the heat of the Sun, fo much more wants he the fame inwardly, which is one reafon why [p. 47.] they are able to receive more and larger draughts of Brandy, & the like ftrong fpirits than in England without offence. Cold is Icfs tol- erable than heat, this a friend to natui^e, that an enemy. Many are of opinion that the greatefl enemies of life, con- fifiing of heat and moifiure, is cold and drynefs ; the ex- tremity of cold is more eafie to be endtired than extremity of heat ; the violent fliarpnefs of winter, than the fiery raging of Summer. To conclude, they are both bad, too much heat brings a hot Feaver, too much cold diminif/ieth the flefit, withers the face, hollowes the eyes, quencheth natural heat, peeleth the hair, aiid proctireth baldnefs.
Aftronomers have taken fpecial knowledge of the num- ber of 1024 of the principal apparent noted Stars of all the reft, befides the 7 Planets, and the 12 Signs, and it is agreed upon that there are more Stars under the North- ern-pole, than under the Southern, the number of Stars under both poles are innumerable to us ; but not to the Almighty Creator of Heaven and Earth, who calleth them all by their names. Ifai. 40. Levate in excelftim oculos veflros & videte quis creavit hcec ? quis educit iji numero militiam eorum & omnia fuis nominibus vocat? In Jan- uary 1668. two Suns appeared and two Moons. The year before was publiflied the Suns prerogative, vindi- cated by [p. 48.] Alexander Nowel a young ftudient at Harvard-Co Hedge in the Maffachufets Colony, which was as followeth.
Mathematicians have that priviledge, above other Philof-
ophers.
Two Voyages to New- England. .41
opiiers, that their foundations are fo founded upon, and proved by denwnfiration, that reafon volens nolens mufl approve of them, when they are once viewed by the eye of the intelleB, ipfo facto it grants a probatum eft ; if upon thofe fotmdations he raifcs famous Archite^ures, which are in- feparably joynted in, atid joyned to their ground-works, yet are not their Elements of fich vafl extenfions, as to have their dimenfions adequated with the machine of the primum mobile, and fo include the Fabrick of created beings ; but there are fphears above the fphear of their Activity, and Orbs placed above the reach of their Eifiruments, which will non-plus the mofl acute inquifitoi^s, at leafl in refere7tce to an accjirate fcrutiny : hence diffentions about Celefiial bod- ies, whether the planets have any nattiral light, has been a queflion, proving that they borrow their light from the Sun: he being the primitive, they derivatives ; he the Augmentum primum, they Orta, who though they have light in i^, yet 7iot ex fe. This affertio7i is not expugned by Geocentricks who produce fenfe and Antiquity to fupport their f up pofi- tions ; nor oppugned by Heliocentricks, [p. 49.] who deduce their Hypothefis from reafon, and new obfervations : for, quicquid in ambitu alicujus circuli actu diffufum, compre- henditur, id in centro ejufdem continetur potentia collec- tum. Should I piU the quejlion to the vote, qucfiionlcfs the major part of m,odern Afti^onomers would carry it affirma- tively ; but a tefiiinony being Inartificialis Argumentum, / fiall found my pofition upon a more Artificial Bafis. As for the multiplication of Eclipfes which fome fear, it's need- lefs,for the extent of the Cone of the earths fiaddow (a Cen- tro terras) being 250 Semidiameters, it cannot reach Mars ; Venus and Mercury never oppofe the Sun. It has been ^ obfe7"ved
42 yoJ[ely7is Acco7i7it of
obferved by the help ^Optick Tubes, that Venus has divers faces, according to her diverfe pqfition to the Sun. Some affirm the fame of Mercury, btit he's not fo liable to obfer- vation^ being feldo?n clear of the radiancy of the Sun. The fuperior Planets being above the Sun, ttirji the fam,e fide to the Sun, as they do to us. Venus and Mars are more lucid in their Parhelion, than in their Aphelion. The Tele- fcope may convince 21s of this truth ; Evincit enim craffa, opaca & diffimilium plane partium corpora, planctas effe. Lafily God made the Su7i and Moon, the two greater lights [thotigh not the greater lucid bodies) that the Moons light is adventitiozis, followes from her invifibilitie [p. 50.] iji a cen- tral Eclipfe : hence the other planets are dejlitute of native light ; nam a majore ad minus valet confequentia negative.
In the year 1664. a Star or Comet appeared in New- England in December in the South-Eajl, rihng conftantly about one of the clock in the morning, carrying the tail lower and lower till it came into the Wefi, and then bare .it direclly before it ; the Star it felf was of a dufkifh red, the tail of the colour of via laclea, or the milkie way. A fortnight after it appeared again rifmg higher near the Nadir or point over our heads, of the fame form and col- our ; of which hear the former Scholar.
Comets {fay N'aturalifls) proceed from natural caufes^ but they oft precccd preternatural effects. That they have beeji Antecedejits to ff range confeqiients is an tiniverfal truth, and proved by particulars, viz. TJiat which hung over Hierufalem before its extirpation by Vefpatian, that vertical to Germany, before thofe bloudy Wars &c. So that experie7ice Attefis, and reafon Affcnts, that they have ferved for fad Prologues to Tragical Epilogues. For the future
preludiums
Two Voyages to New-England, 43
preludiums to what events they I prove, may be proved by confequence, if they han t fiiffered a pidvaiion of their pow- erful Energie. Dr. Ward to falve Contefis, difiinguifJies between Cometceidis, which are [p. 51.] Sublunary exhala- tions, and Cometce, which are heavenly bodies, coevous with the Stars ; the caufe of the inequality of whofe motion, is their Apoge and Periges. Concerning the height of the late Comets Orb, becaufe of the deficiency of Infiruments, heres pars deficiens. As for its motion December 10. 'tivas about the middle ^ Virgo. Jan. 24. 26 deg. Aries. Some obfcrve that Comets commonly follow a CoJijunfiion of the fuperiour planets. Afironomers attribute much to the pre- domi^iancy of that planet which rules it, ivhich they judge by the Colour ; a dull leaden colour, claims Saturn ybr his Lord; bright, Jupiter ; i?^</, Mars; Golden, So\; Yellow, Venus ; variable. Mercury ; pale, Luna. Alfo to the A f peels it receives from other playlets, thefign it is in, and the houfe of the Heavens 171 which it firfi was. Hence fome may judge a fcheam of the Heavens neceffary, but unlefs Calculated for its certain rife {which is uncertain) it's adjudged by the judicious, f up erfiuous. Some put much trifl or virtue in the tail, termiiig it the /gnomon, &c. But that is probable of all, which has been obferved of fojnc, that ifs alwayes oppofite to the Sun ; hence when the Sun is at the Meridian of the Antipodes it turjis, &c. Which Regiomont obferved of that in 1475. ^^^ Keckerman of that i7z 1607. Longomontanus obferves of that in 161 8. that its firfi [p. 52.] appearance was vertical to Germany and went Northward, y^ its efi'cH: began there, and made the likeprogrefs : ifs rational, that as a caufe, itfiwuld oper- ate mofi powerfully on thofe in whofe Zenith it is, as the
meridional
44 Joffely^is Accoitnt of
meridional Altitude ; nor is it irrational, that as a Jign, it
JJiould pre/age fomeivhat to all thofe, in whofe Horizon it
appears ; for in reafon, Relata fc mutuo inferunt, hence
fignum infers fignatum, and the fignifier implies a figni-
fied. Diverfe defire to be certified of the event ; but he is
wife that knozves it. Some pref tune prophetically to fpecif
icate from generals truths ; others defperately deny generals
and all ; of all whom it's a truth, Incidunt in Scyllam,
&c. Noble Ticho concludes, {with whom I conclude) that
if s not rational particularly to determine the fequel ; for
fliould any, it zvould be only in a contingcjit Axiom, and
proceed fro7n fancic ; therefore of no neceffary confequence,
and wotild produce 07tly opinion.
A friend of mine fliewed me a fmall Treatife written and printed in the Maf/achufets-^2.y by B. D. hitituled An Afiro7wmical defcription of the late Comet, or Blazing- Star, as it appeared in New-England in the Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, and the beginning of the Twelfth moiteth, 1 664. printed at Cambridge by Samuel Green 1665. An ingen- ious piece, but becaufe I could not perfwade [p. 53.] my friend to part with it, I took out fome fliort notes being flraitned in time, which are as followes.
Comets are diftinguiflied in refpedl of their figure, ac- cording to the divers afpedls of the Sun, into Barbate, Caudate, and Crinite. i. When the ftream like a beard goes before the body. 2. When the ftream followes the body. 3. When the ftream goes right up into the Heavens.
A Comet is faid to be Vertical to any people, when the body of the Comet paffeth over their heads.
The light of the Comet alters and varies according to the diverfe Afpedts of the Sun enlightning it.
Some
Two Voyages to New-Englafid. 45
Some took notice of it in the beginning oi November.
In Anno Dom. 1668. July \}plQ Fifteenth happened an EcHpfe of the moon from 9 of the clock at night, till after II, digits 9, and 35 minutes.
In November following appeared a Star between the horns of the Moon in the midft.
In Anno Dom. 1669. about the middle of ytine at 4 of the clock in the afternoon, appeared a Rain-bow reverft, and at night about 10 of the clock we had a Lunar Rain- bow.
[p. 54.] The Indians fo far as I could perceive have but little knowledge of the Stars and Planets, obferving the Sun and Moon only, the dividers of time into dayes and years : they being nearer to the Equinoctial-line by 10 degrees, have their dayes and nights more equally di- vided, being in Summer two hours fhorter, in Winter two hours longer than they are in England. The 11 of y^ine the Sun rifeth at 4 and 26 minutes, and fetteth at 7 & 34 minutes: in Dece77zber, the 13 the fliorteft day, the Sun rifeth at 7 and 35 minutes, and fetteth at 4 and 27 min- utes.
'^lid-Marck their Spring begins, in April they have Rain and Thunder ; So again at Michaelmas, about which feafon they have either before Michaelmas or after outra- geous florms of Wind and Rain. It's obfervable that there is no part of the World, which hath not fome cer- tain times of out-rageous florms. We have upon our Coaft in England a Michaelmas flaw, that fcldom fails : in the Wejl-Indies in Auguji and September the forcible North- wind, which though fome call Tnffins or Hzu^ricanes we muft diflinguifli, for a right Htcrricane is (as I have faid
before)
46 JoJJelyits Account of
before) an impetuous wind that goes about the Compafs in the fpace of 24 hours, in fuch a ftorm the Lord Wil- loughby [p. 55.] oi Par ham Governour of the Barbadoes was caft away, going* with a fleet to recover St. Chrijio- phers from the F^'cjick, Anno Dom. 1666. yuly. Cold weather begins with the middle of November, the winter's perpetually freezing, infomuch that their Rivers and falt- Bayes]are frozen over and paffable for Men, Horfe, Oxen and Carts: y^quore cum gelido zephyriis fere xenia Cymbo. The North-wefi wind is the fliarpeft wind in the Countrie. In England mofl; of the cold w^inds and weathers come from the Sea, and thofe feats that are neareft the Sea- coafts in England are accounted unwholfome, but not fo in New-England, for in the extremity of winter the North- Eafl and Sotith-w'iwA coming from the Sea produceth warm weather, only the North- We/l-\Nmd coming over land from the white mountains (which are alwayes (except in Atigujl) covered with fnow) is the caufe of extream cold weather, alwayes accompanied with deep fnowes and bitter frofts, the fnow for the moft part four and fix foot deep, which melting on the fuperficies wdth the heat of the Sun, (for the mofl part fliining out clearly every day) and freez- ing again in the night makes a cruft upon the fnow fuf- ficient to bear a man walking with fnow-flioos upon it. And at this [p. 56.] feafon the Indians go forth on hunt- ing of Dear and Moofe, twenty, thirty, forty miles up into the Countrie. Their Summer is hot and dry proper for their Indian Wheat ; w^hich thrives beft in a hot and dry feafon, the fkie for the moft part Summer and Winter very clear and ferene ; if they fee a little black cloud in the North-Wefl, no bigger than a man may cover with his Hat,
they
Two Voyages to New-England. 47
they expe6l a following ftorm, the cloud in fhort time fpread- ing round about the Horizon accompanied with violent gufts of wind, rain, and many times lightning and terrible thunder. In all Countries they have obfervations how the weather will fall out, and thefe rules following are obferv- able in New - England. If the Moon look bright and fair, look for fair weather, alfo the appearing of one Rain- bow after a ftorm, is a known fign of fair weather ; if mifts come down from the Hills, or defcend from the Heavens, and fettle in the valleys, they promife fair hot weather ; mifts in the Evening fliew a fair hot day on the morrow : the like when mifts rife from waters in the Evening. The obfcuring of the fmaller Stars is a certain fign of Tem- pefts approaching ; the oft changing of the wind is alfo a fore-runner of a ftorm ; the refounding of the Sea from the fliore, and murmuring of [p. 57.] the winds in the woods without apparent wind, flieweth wind to follow : Ihooting of the Stars (as they call it) is an ufual fign of wind from that quarter the Star came from. So look whether the refounding of the Sea upon the fliore be on the Eajl or Wejl ftde of the dwelling, out of that quarter will the wind proceed the next day. The rednefs of the fl<:y in the morning, is a token of winds, or rain or both : if the Circles that appear about the Sun be red and bro- ken, they portend wind ; if thick and dark, wind, fnow and rain ; the like may be faid of the Circles about the moon. If two rain-bowes appear, they are a fign of rain ; If the Sun or Moon look pale, look for rain : if a dark cloud be at Sun-rifing, in which the Sun foon after is hid, it will diffolve it, and rain will follow ; nebula afcendens indicat iindres, ncLnila defcendens fercnitateni. If the Sun feem
greater
48 yoJfely7is Account of
greater in the Eajl, than in the Wejl about Sun-fetting, and that there appears a black cloud, you may expe6l rain that night, or the day following.
Serb rtidens Ccelum eras indicat ejje ferenuin^ Sedji ma7ie rubet venturos indicat Imdres.
[p. 58.] To conclude; if the white hills look clear and confpicuous, it is a fign of fair weather ; if black and cloudy, of rain ; if yellow, it is a certain fign of fnow fliortly to enfue.
In Anno Dom. 1667. March, appeared a fign in the Heavens in the form of a Sphear, pointing dire6lly to the Wejl : and in the year following on the third day of April being Friday, there was a terrible Earthquake, before that a very great one in 1638. and another in 58 and in i66|. yanuary 26, 27, & 28. (which was the year before I came thither) there were Earthquakes 6 or 7 times in the fpace of three dayes. Earthquakes are frequent in the Coun- trie ; fome fuppofe that the white mountains were firft raifed by Earthquakes, they are hollow as may be gueffed by the refounding of the rain upon the level on the top. The Indians told us of a River whofe courfe was not only ftopt by an Earthquake in 1668. (as near as I can remem- ber) but the whole River fwallowed up. And I have heard it reported from credible perfons, that (whilft I was there in the Countrie) there happened a terrible Earth- quake amongft the Fre^ich, rending a' huge Rock afunder even to the center, wherein was a vafl hollow of an im- meafurable depth, out of which came many infernal Spir- its. I fliall [p. 59.] conclude this difcourfe of Earthquakes,
with
Two Voyages to New-Englaiid. 49
with that which came from the Pen of our Royal Martyr King Charles the Firft ; A Jlor7ii at Sea wants 7iot its ter- rour^ but an Earthquake, Jliakhzg the very foundation of all, the World hath nothing more of horrour. And now I come to the plants of the Countrie.
The plants in New-England for the variety, number, beauty, and vertues, may fhand in Competition with the plants of any Countrey in Europe. Johnfon hath added to Gei^ard's Herbal 300. and Parkinfon mentioneth many more ; had they been in New-England they might have found 1000 at leaft never heard of nor feen by any Eng- lifJiman before : 'Tis true, the Countrie hath no Bonerets, or Tartarlamds, no glittering coloured Tuleps ; but here you have the American Mary-Gold, the Earth-nut bear- ing a princely Flower, the beautiful leaved Pirola, the honied Colibry, &c. They are generally of (fomewhat) a more mafculine vertue, than any of the fame fpecies in England, but not in fo terrible a degree, as to be mifchiev- ous or ineffe6tual to our EnglifJi bodies. // is affirmed by fome that no forraign Drugg or Simple can be fo p^'oper to EnglifJimen as their own, for the qtiantity (t/ Opium which Turks do fafely take will kill four Englijhmen, and that which will [p. 60.] falve their wounds within a day, will not recu7'e an EnglifJiman in thi^ee. To which I anfwer that it is cuflom that brings the Turks to the fa- miliar ufe of Opium. You may have heard of a Taylor in Kent, who being afflicled with want of flccp ventured upon Opium, taking at firft a grain, and increafmg of it till it came to an ounce, which quantitie he took as famil- iarly as a Tirk, without any harm, more than that he could not flccp witliout it. The Englifi in New-England 7 take
go Jojfelyns Account of
take white Hellebore, which operates as fairly with them, as with the /;^rt'z'^;2J-, who fteeping of it in water fometime, give it to young lads gathered together a purpofe to drink, if it come up they force them to drink again their vomit, (which they fave in a Birchen-difli) till it ftayes with them, & he that gets the vidory of it is made Captain of the other lads for that year. There is a plant likewife, called for want of a name Clownes wotmd woi^t by the Engli/Ji, though it be not the fame, that will heal a green wound in 24 hours, if a wife man have the ordering of it. Thus much for the general, I fliall now begin to difcover unto you the plants more particularly, and I fliall firfl begin with Trees, and of them, firft with fuch as are called in Scripture Trees of God, that is great [p. 61.] Trees, that grow of themfelves without planting. Pfal. 104. 16, 17. Satiantur arbores Jehovce, ccdri Libani quas plant avit ;^ {ubi aviculcE nidificent) abietes domicilia ciconice. The Herons take great delight to fit bafking upon the tops of thefe Trees. And I fliall not be over large in any, hav- ing written of them in my Treatife of the rarities of New- England, to which I refer you.
The Oake I have given you an account of, and the kinds ; I fliall add the ordering of Red Oake for Wain- fcot. When they have cut it down and clear'd it from the branches, they pitch the body of the Tree in a muddy place in a River, with the head downward for fome time, afterwards they draw it out, and when it is feafoned fuffi- ciently, they faw it into boards for Wainfcot, and it will branch out into curious works.
There is an admirable rare Creature in fliape like a Buck, with Horns, of a gummy fubftance, which I have
often
Two Voyages to New-England. 51
often found in the fall of the leaf upon the ground amongft the withered leaves ; a living Creature I cannot call it ; having only the fign of a mouth and eyes : feldom or never fliall you meet with any of them whole, but the head and horns, or the hinder parts, broken off from the refl ; the Indians call them Tree Bucks, and have a fuper- flitious faying (for I believe [p. 62.] they never fee any of them living) that if they can fee a Tree-Btick walking upon the branches of an Oake w^ien they go out in a morning to hunt, they Ihall have good luck that day. What they are good for I know not, but certainly there is fome more than ordinary vertue in them. It is true that- nothing in nature is fuperfluous, and we have the Scrip- ture to back it, that God created nothing in vain. The like Creatures they /lave at the Barbadoes which they call Negroes Jieads, found in the Sands, about two inches long, with forehead, eyes, 7iofe, mouth, chin, and part of the neck, they are alwayes found loofe in the Sands without afiy root, it is as black as Jet, but whence it comes they know not. I have read likewife, that in the Canaries or Fortunate-Ifl- ands, there is found a certai^i Creatiire, which Boys bring home fro?n the mountains as oft as they would, and named them Tudefquels, or little Germans : for they were dryd dead Carcafes, almofl three footed, which any boy did cafily carry in one of the palms of his hand, and they were of an hiLmane fiape ; but the whole dead Carcafe was clearly like U7tto Parchment, and their bones were flexible, as it were grifiles : againfl the Sun, alfo, their bowels and inteflines were feen. Surely {faith my Authour) the deflroyed race of the Pigmies was there. There is [p. 63.] alfo many times found upon the leaves of the Oake a Creature like
a
52, . Jojfelyns Accoiml of
a Frog, being as thin as a leaf, and tranfparent, as yellow as Gold, with little fiery red eyes, the Engli/Ji call them Tree-fi'ogs or Tree-toads (but of Tree-toads I fliall have occafion to fpeak in another place) they are faid to be ven- emous, but may be fafely ufed, being admirable to flop womens over-flowing courfes hung about their necks in a Taffetie bag.
Captain Smith writes that iii New-England there growes a certain berry called Kermes, worth lo JJiillings a pound, and had been formerly fold for 30 or ^o fiillings a pound, which may yearly be gathered in good qtiajitity. I have fought for this berry, he fpeaks of, as a man fliould feek for a needle in a bottle of Hay, but could never light upon it ; unlefs that kind of Solomonfeal called by the EnglifJi Treacle-berry be it. Gerard our famous Herbal- ifl writes that they grow upon a little Tree called Scarlet- Oake, the leaves have one fJiarp prickle at the end of it ; it beareth fmall Acorns : But the grain or berry growes otit of the woody braiiches, like an excrefcence of the fubflance of the Oake- Apple, and of the bignefs of P cafe, at firfl white, when ripe of an Afli-colour, which ingenders little Mag- gots, which when it begins [p. 64.] to have wings are put into a bag and boulted up and down till dead, and the^i 'inade up into lumps, the Maggot as mofi do deem is Cutch- enele ; So that Chermes is Cutchenele : the berries dye fcarlet. Mr. George Sands in his Travels faith {much to the fame purpofe) that fcarlet dye growes like a b lifter 071 the leaf of the Holy Oake, a little firub, yet producing Acorns, being gathered they rub out of it a certain red dufl, that converteth after a while into worms, which they kill with Wme, when they begin to quicken. See farther concerning
Treacle-
Two Voyages to New-England. 53
Treacle-berries and Cutchinele in the rarities of New- England.
The Pine-Tree challengeth the next place, and that fort which is called Board-pine is the principal, it is a ftately large Tree, very tall, and fometimes two or three fadom about : of the body the EngliJJi make large Canows of 20 foot long, and two foot and a half over, hollowing of them with an Adds, and lliaping of the outfide like a Boat. Some conceive that the wood called Gopher in Scripture, of which Noah made the Ark, was no other than Pine, Gen. 6. 14. The bark thereof is good for Ulcers in tender perfons that refufe fliarp medicines. The inner bark of young board-pine cut fmall and ftampt and boiled in a Gallon of water is a very foveraign med- icine for burn [p. 65.] or fcald, wafliing the fore with fome of the deco6lion, and then laying on the bark ftampt very foft : or for frozen limbs, to take out the fire and to heal them, take the bark of Board-pine-Tree, cut it fmall and flamp it and boil it in a gallon of water to Gelly, wafli the fore with the liquor, flamp the bark again till it be very foft and bind it on. The Turpentine is excellent to heal wounds and cuts, and hath all the properties of Venice Turpentine, the Rofen is as good as Frankincenfe, and the powder of the dryed leaves generateth flefli ; the dif- tilled water of the green Cones taketh away wrinkles in the face being laid on with Cloths.
The Firr-tree is a large Tree too, but feldom fo big as the Pine, the bark is fmooth, with knobs or blifters, in which lyeth clear liquid Turpentine very good to be put into falves and oyntments, the leaves or Cones boiled in Beer are good for the Scurvie, the young buds are excel- lent
54 JoJ/elyns Account of
lent to put into Epithemes for Warts and Corns, the Rofen is altogether as good as Frankincenfe ; out of this Tree the Poleakers draw Pitch and Tarr ; the manner I fhall give you, for that it may (with many other things contained in this Treatife) be beneficial to my Country- men, either there already feated, or that [p. 66.] may hap- pen to go thither hereafter. Out of the fatteft wood changed into Torch-wood, which is a difeafe in that Tree, they draw Tarr, firft a place mufl be paved with ftone or the like, a little higher in the middle, about which there muft be made gutters, into which the liquor falls, then out from them other gutters are to be drawn, by which it may be received, then is it put into barrels. The place thus prepared, the cloven wood muft be fet upright, then muft it be covered with a great number of firr and pitch bowes ; and on every part all about with much lome and fods of earth, and great heed muft be taken, left there be any cleft or chink remaining, only a hole left in the top of the fur- nace, through which the fire may be put in, and the flame and fmoak to pafs out : when the fire burnetii, the Pitch or Tarr runneth forth firft thin and then thicker; of which when it is boiled is made Pitch : the powder of dried Pitch is ufed to generate flefli in wounds and fores. The knots of this Tree and fat-pine are ufed by the Engli/Ii infi;ead of Candles, and it will burn a long time, but it makes the people pale.
The Spruce-tree I have given you an account of in my New-England rarities. In the North -eaft of Scotland upon the banks [p. 67.] of Lough-argick, there hath been formerly of thefe Trees 28 handful about at the Root, and their bodies mounted to 90 foot of height, bearing at the
length
Two Voyages to New-England. 55
length 20 inches diameter. At Pafcataway there is now a Spruce-tree brought down to the water-fide by our Mafs-men of an incredible bignefs, and fo long that no Skipper durft ever yet adventure to fliip it, but there it lyes and. Rots.
The Hemlock-tree is a kind of fpruce or pine ; the bark boiled and ftampt till it be very foft is excellent for to heal wounds, and fo is the Turpentine thereof, and the Tur- pentine that iffueth from the Cones of the Larch-tree, (which comes nearefl of any to the right Turpentine) is fmgularly good to heal wounds, and to draw out the mal- ice (or Thorn, as Helmont phrafes it) of any Ach, rubbing the place therewith, and flrowing upon it the powder of 6'rt'^^-leaves.
The white Cedar is a ftately Tree, and is taken by fome to be Tamari/k, this Tree the EngliJJi faw into boards to floor their Rooms, for which purpofe it is excellent, long lafting, and wears very fmooth and white ; likewife they make fliingles to cover their houfes with inftead of tyle, it will never warp. This Tree, the Oak and the [p. 68.] Larch-tree are belt for building. Groundfels made of Larch-tree will never rot, and the longer it lyes the harder it grovves, that you may almoft drive a nail into a bar of Iron as eafily as into that. Oh, that my Countreymcn might obtain that bleffmg with their buildings, which Efay prophefied to the Jewes in the 65 Chapter and 22 verfe. Non a:dijicabnnt & alius inhabitabit, non planta- bunt & alius comedet : fed ut funt dies Arboris, dies erunt populi mei, & opus manuum fuarum deterent elefli inci.
The Saffafras-tree is no great Tree, I have met with fome as big as my middle, the rind is tawny and upon that
56 JoJ/elyns Account of
a thin colour of Aflies, the inner part is white, of an ex- cellent fmell like Fennel, of a fweet taft with fome bitter- nefs ; the leaves are like Fig-leaves of a dark green. A decodion of the Roots and bark thereof fweetned with Sugar, and drunk in the morning fafling will open the body and procure a flool or two, it is good for the Scur- vie taken fome time together, and laying upon the legs the green leaves of white Hellebore. They give it to Cows that have newly calved to make them caft their Cleanings. This Tree growes not beyond Black-point Eaftward : it is obferved, that there is no province but produces Trees and plants not growing in other Regions.
[p. 69.] Non om7iis fert omnia tellus.
The Walnut which is divers, fome bearing fquare nuts, others like ours, but fmaller : there is likewife black Wal- nut of precious ufe for Tables, Cabinets and the like. The Walnut-tree is the tougheft wood in the Countrie, and therefore made ufe of for Hoops and Bowes, there being no Yew there growing ; In England they made their Bowes ufually of Witch Hafel, Afli, Yew, the beft of outlandifh Elm, but the Indians make theirs of Walnut.
The Line-tree with long nuts, the other kind I could never find : the wood of this Tree, Laurel, Rhamnus, Holly and Ivy are accounted for woods that caufe fire by attrition ; Laurel and Ivy are not growing in New-Eng- land: the Indians will rub two fear'd fi:icks of any fort of wood, and kindle a fire with them prefently.
The Maple-tree, on the boughs of this Tree I have often found a jellied fubftance like J ewes-Ears, which I found upon tryal to be as good for fore throats &c.
The
Two Voyages to New-E^tgland. 57
The Birch-tree is of two kinds, ordinary Birch, and black Birch, many of thefe Trees are flript of their bark by the Indians, who make of it their Canows, Kettles, [p. 70.] and Birchen-dilhes : there is an excrefcence growing out of the body of the Tree called fpunck, or dead mens Caps, it growes at the Roots of Afli, or Beech, or Elm ; but the bell is that which growes upon the black Birch, this boiled and beaten, and then dried in an Oven maketh excellent Touch-wood, and Balls to play with.
Alder, of which wood there is abundance in the wet fwamps : the bark thereof with the yolke of an Egg is good for a ftrain ; an Indian bruifmg of his knee, chew'd the bark of Alder falling and laid it to, which quickly helped him. The wives of our Weft-Countrey Englifli make a drink with the feeds of Alder, giving it to their Children troubled with the A Hoes. I have talk'd with many of them, but could never apprehend what difeafe it fliould be they fo name, thefe Trees are called by fome Sullinges.
The Indians tell of a Tree that growes far up in the land, that is as big as an Oake, that will cure the falling- ficknefs infallibly, what part thereof they ufe, Bark, Wood, leaves or fruit, I could never learn ; they promifed often to bring of it to me, but did not. I have feen a flately Tree growing here and there in valleys, not like to any Trees in Europe, having a fmooth bark of [p. 71.] a dark brown colour, the leaves like great Maple, in England called Sycamor, but larger, it may be this is the Tree they brag of
Thus much concerning Trees, now I Ihall prcfent to
your view the Shrubs ; and firfl of the Sumach Shrub,
8 which
58 Jojfelyiis Account of
which as I have told you in New-Englands rarities, dif- fereth from all the kinds fet down in our EnglifJi Herb- als ; the root dyeth wool or cloth reddilli, the decodion of the leaves in wine drunk, is good for all Fluxes of the belly in man or woman, the whites, &c. For galled places ftamp the leaves with honey, and apply it, nothing fo foon healeth a wound in the head as Sumach flampt and applyed once in three dayes, the powder ftrewed in ftayeth the bleeding of wounds: The feed of Sumach pounded and mixt with honey, healeth the Hemorrhoids, the gum put into a hollow tooth affwageth the pain, the bark or berries in the fall of the leaf, is as good as galls to make Ink of
Elder in New-England is flirubbie, & dies once in two years : there is a fort of dwarf-Elder that growes by the Sea-fide that hath a red pith, the berries of both are fmaller than Engli/Ji-KXdQv, not round but corner'd, nei- ther of them fmell fo ftrong as ours.
Juniper growes for the moft part by the Sea-fide, it bears abundance of fkie-coloured [p. 72.] berries fed upon by Partridges, and hath a woodie root, which induceth me to believe that the plant mention'd in Job 30. 4. Qui decerpebant herbas e faljilagine cimi Jiirpibus : etimfi radi- ces yuniperorum cibo erant illis, was our Indian plant CaJ/ava. They write that yuniper-codXs preferve fire longeft of any, keeping fire a whole year without fupply, yet the Indian never burns of it.
Sweet fern, fee the rarities of New England, the tops and nucaments of fweet fern boiled in water or milk and drunk helpeth all manner of Fluxes, being boiled in water it makes an excellent liquor for I nek.
Current-bufhes are of two kinds red and black, the
black
Two Voyages to Neiv- England. 59
black currents which are larger than the red fmell like cats pifs, yet are reafonable pleafant in eating.
The Goofeberry-buih, the berry of which is called Gro- fers or thorn Grapes, grow all over the Countrie, the berry is but fmall, of a red or purple colour when ripe.
There is a fmall flirub which is very common, growing fometimes to the height of Elder, bearing a berry like in fliape to the fruit of the white thorn, of a pale yellow col- our at firft, then red, when it is ripe of a deep purple, of a delicate Aromatical taft, fomewhat ftiptick : to conclude, [p. 73.] alwayes obferve this rule in taking or refufmg unknown fruit : if you find them eaten of the fowl or beaft, you may boldly venture to eat of them, otherwife do not touch them.
Maze, otherwife called 71?/r/^z>-wheat, or rather India^i- wheat, becaufe it came firft from thence ; the leaves boiled and drunk helpeth pain in the back ; of the ftalks when they are green you may make Beverage, as they do with Calamels, or Sugar-canes. The raw Corn chewed ripens felons or Cats hairs, or you may lay Samp to it : The Indians before it be thorow ripe eat of it parched. Certainly the parched corn that Abigail\}XOw^\. to David was of this kind of grain, i Sam. 25. 18. The jfewes manner was (as it is delivered to us by a learned Divine) firjl to parch their Corii, then they fry ed it, and lajlly they boiled it to a pajlc, and then tempered it with water, Checfe- Curds, Honey a7id Eggs, this they carried drye with the^n to the Camp, and fo wet the Cakes in Wine or milk ; /nek was the pulfe too <?/" Africa.
French^^2iVi% or rather American-he2.ns, the Herbalifts call them kidney-beans from their fliape and effecfls, for
they
6o Joffelyns Acco7int of
they ftrengthen the kidneys ; they are variegated much, fome being bigger a great deal than others ; fome [p. 74.] white, black, red, yellow, blew, fpotted ; befides your Bonivis and Calavances and the kidney-bean, that is proper to Ronoake, but thefe are brought into the Coun- trie, the other are natural to the climate. So the Mexico pompion which is flat and deeply camphered, the flefli laid to, affwageth pain of the eyes. The water-mellon is proper to the Countrie, the flefli of it is of a flefh colour, a rare cooler of Feavers, and excellent againft the ftone. Pomum fpinofiim and palma-ChriJii too growes not here, unlefs planted, brought from Peru ; the later is thought to be the plant, that fliaded Jonah the Prophet, Jonas 4. 6. Paraverat enim Jehova Deus ricmuin qui afcenderet fupra Jonam, ut ejjfet umbra fiiper caput ejus ereptura etim a ma to ipjttis ; tcstabaturque Jonas de rici^io ilia Icetitia magna. Ricinum, that \s palnia Chrijli, called alfo cucur- bita, and therefore tranflated a Gourd.
Tobacco, or Tabacca fo called from Tabaco or Tabago, one of the Caribbe-ldd-uds about 50 E^igli/Ji miles from Trinidad. The right name, according to Monardus, is picielte, as others will petzim,^ nicotian from Nicot, a Por- tingal, to whom it was prefented for a raritie in Anno Dam. 1559. by one that brought it from Florida. Great conteft there is about the time when it was firft [p. 75.] brought into England, fome will have Sir John Haivkins the firfl, others Sir Francis Drakes Mariners ; others again fay that one Mr. Lane imployed by Sir Walter Raw- leigh brought it firft into England ; all conclude that Sir Walter Rawleigh brought it firfl in ufe. It is obferved that no one kind of/orraign Commodity yieldeth greater advan- tage
Tiuo Voyages to New- England. 6i
tage to the publick than Tobacco, it is generally made the complement of our enter tainm,ent, and hath made fnore /laves than Mahomet. There is three forts of it Mar- chantable, the firfh horfe Tobacco, having a broad long leaf piked at the end; the fecond round pointed Tobacco; third fweet fcented Tobacco. Thefe are made up into Cane, leaf or ball ; there is little of it planted in New- Ejigland, neither have they learned the right way of cur- ing of it. It is fowen in April upon a bed of rich mould fifted, they make a bed about three yards long, or more according to the ground they intend to plant, and a yard and a half over ; tljis they tread down hard, then they fow their feed upon it as thick as may be, and fift fine earth upon it, then tread it down again as hard as poffible they can, when it hath gotten four or fix leaves, they remove it into the planting ground ; when it begins to bud towards flowring, they crop off the [p. 76.] top, for the Flower drawes away the flrength of the leaf For the reft I refer you to the Planter, being not willing to difcover their myfleries. The Indians in New England ufe a fmall round leafed Tobacco, called by them, or the Fifliermen Poke. It is odious to the Englifh. The vertues of To- bacco are thefe^ it helps digefiion, the Gout, the Tooth-ach, prevents infection by f cents, it heats the cold, and cools them that fweat, feedeth the hungry, fpent fpirits refloreth, purg- eth theflomach, killeth nits and lice ; the juice of the green leaf healeth green wounds, although poyfoned ; the Syrtip for m,any difeafes, the fmoak for the Phthifick, cough of the lungs, diflillatio7is of Rheume, and all difeafes of a cold and moifi caiife, good for all bodies cold and moijl taken upon an emptiejlomach, taken upon a full flomach it pre- cipitates
62 yojjelyns Account of
cipitates digeflioii, immoderately taken it dryeth the body, enjlamet/i the blond, htcrteth the brain, weakens the eyes and thejinews.
White Hellebore is ufed for the Scurvie by the EngliJIi. A friend of mine gave them firft a purge, then conferva of Bear-berries, then fumed their leggs with vinegar, fprinkled upon a piece of mill-ftone made hot, and ap- phed to the fores white Hellebore leaves ; drink made of Orpine and y2?rr^/ were given Hkewife with it, and [p. 77.] Sea-fcurvie-grafs. To kill lice, boil the roots of Hellebore in milk, and anoint the hair of the head therewith or other places.
Mandrake, is a very rare plant, the Indians know it not, it is found in the woods about Pafcataway, they do in plain terms flink, therefore Reubens Flowers that he brought home were not Mandrakes, Gen. 30. 14, 15, 16. They are rendered in the Latine Amabiles flores, the fame word fay our Divines is ufed i7i Canticles, 7. 4. Amabi- les iftos flores edentes odorem, & fecundum oftia noflra omnes pretiofos fru6lus, recentes fimulac veteres, dilecle mi, repono tibi. So that the right tranflation is, Reuben brought home amiable and fweet fmelling Flowers ; this in the Canticles {fay they) expoti7iding the other.
Calamus Aromaticus, or the fweet fmelling reed, it Flowers in yuly ; fee New-Englands rarities.
Sarfaparilla or roughbind-weed (as fome defcribe it) the leaves and whole bind fet with thorns, of this there is ftore growing upon the banks of Ponds. See the rarities of New-England. The leaves of the Sarfaparilla there defcribed pounded w^ith Hogs greafe and boiled to an unguent, is excellent in the curing of wounds.
Live
Two Voyages to New-Eiigland. \ 63
Live for ever, it is a kind of Cud-weed, [p. 78.] flourifli- eth all fummer long till cold weather comes in, it growes now plentifully in our EnglifJi Gardens, it is good for cough of the lungs, and to cleanfe the breaft taken as you do Tobacco ; and for pain in the head the deco6lion, or the juice ftrained and drunk in Bear, Wine, or Aqua vitas, killeth worms. The Fifliermen when they want Tobacco take this herb being cut and dryed.
Lyjimachus or Loofe-ftrife : there are feveral kinds, but the moft noted is the yellow Lyjimachus of Virginia, the root is longifli and white, as thick as ones thumb, the ftalkes of an overworn colour, and a little hairie, the mid- dle vein '"of the leaf whitifli, the Flower yellow and like Primrofes, and therefore called Tree-primrofe, growes upon feedie veffels, &c. The firft year it growes not up to a ftalke, but fends up many large leaves handfomely lying one upon another, Rofe fafliion. Flowers in June, the feed is ripe in Augiijl, this as I have faid is taken by the E^igliJJt for Scabious.
St. Johns wort, it preferveth Cheefe made up in it, at Sea.
Spurge or Wolfes milch there are feveral forts.
Avens, or herb-bennet ; you have an account of it in New-Englands rarities, but one [p. 79.] thing more I fhall add, that you may plainly perceive a more mafcu- line quality in the plants growing in Nezu-England. A neighbour of mine in Hay-time, having overheat himfelf, and melted his greafe, with driving to outmowe another man, fell dangeroufly fick, not being able to turn himfelf in his bed, his ftomach gon, and his heart fainting ever and anon ; to whom I adminiftered the decoction oi Avcns- Roots and leaves in water and wine, fweetning it with
Syrup
64 Joffelyns Accoimt of
Syrup of Clove-Gilliflowers, in one weeks time it recov- ered him, fo that he was able to perform his daily work, being a poor planter or hulbandman as we call them.
Red-Lilly growes all over the Countrey amongfl the buflies. Mr. Johnfon upon Geraj'd takes the Tulip to be the Lilly of the field mentioned by our Saviour, Matth. 6. 28, 29. Ac de vejiitu quid fo licit i e/iis? difcite quomodo lilia agrortim augefcant : non fatigantur^ neque nent.fed dico vobis, ne Solomonem quidem cum univerfa gloria fie ami6lum fiiiffe lit tmum ex iflis. Solomon in all his Roy- alty ivas not like one of them. His reafons are, firfl frofn the f tape, like a lilly ; The fecond, becaufe thofe places where our Saviour was converfant they grow wild in the fields. Third, the infinite variety of the [p. 80.] colours. The fourth a7td lafi reafo7t, the wondrous beautie and mixture of thefe Floivers.
Water-lillys ; the black roots dryed and pulverized, are wondrous effe6lual in the flopping of all manner of fluxes of the belly, drunk with wine or water.
Herba-paris, one berry, herb true love, or four-leaved night-fliade, the leaves are good to be laid upon hot tumours.
Umbilictis veneris, or New-England daifie, it is good for hot humours, Erifipelas, St. Anthonies fire, all inflamma- tions.
Glafs-wort, a little quantity of this plant you may take for the Dropfie, but be very careful that you take not too much, for it worketh impetuoufly.
Water-plantane, called in Nezu-England water Suck- leaves, and Scurvie-leaves, you mufl lay tliem whole to the leggs to draw out water between the fliin and the flefli.
Rofa-
Two Voyages to New-England. 65
Rofa-folis, Sun-dew, moor-grafs, this plant I have feen more of, than ever I faw in my whole life before in Eng- land, a man may gather upon fome marifli-grounds an incredible quantity in a fhort time ; towards the middle of June it is in its feafon, for then its fpear is fhot out to its length, of which they take hold and pull the whole plant up by the roots from the mofs with eafe.
[p. 81.] y^;?2<5^r-greefe I take to be a Mufhroom, fee the rarities of New-England. Monardus writeth that Amber- greefe rifeth out of a certain clammy and bituminous earth under the Seas, a7id by the Sea-Jide, the billows cajli7ig up part of it a land, and fl/Ii devour the refl\ So7ne fay it is the feed of a Whale, others, that it fpringeth from fountaijis as pitch doth, which ffhes f wallow down', the air congealeth it. And fometimes it is found in the crevifes and corners of Rocks.
Fufs-balls, Mullipuffes called by the Fifhermen Wolves- farts, are to be found plentifully, and thofe bigger by much than any I have feen in England.
Coraliyte there is infinite ftore of it cafl; upon the fhore, and another plant that is more fpinie, of a Red colour, and as hard as Corral. Coraline laid to the gout eafeth the pain.
Sea-Oake or wreach, or Sea-weed, the black pouches of Oar-weed dryed and pulverized, and drunk with White- wine, is an excellent remedy for the ftone.
I will finifh this part of my relation concerning plants, with an admirable plant for the curing and taking away of Corns, which many times fore troubleth the Traveller : it is not above a handful high ; the little branches are woodie, the leaves like [p. 82.] the leaves of Box, but 9 broader
66 yoJfely7is Account of
broader and much thicker, hard and of a deep grafs-green colour ; this bruifed or champt in the mouth and laid upon the Corn will take it away clean in one night. And obferve all Indian Trees and plants, their Roots are but of fmall depth, and fo they mufl be fet.
Of Beafls of the earth there be fcarce 1 20 feveral kinds, and not much more of the Fowls of the Air, is the opin- ion of fome Naturalifts ; there are not many kinds of Beafts in New-Engla7id, they may be divided into Beafls of the Chafe of the flinking foot, as Roes, Foxes, Jaccals, Wolves, Wild-cats, Raccons, Porcupines, Sqtmcks, Mtif- quaJJies, Squirrels, Sables, and Mattrifes ; and Beafls of the Chafe of the fweet foot. Buck, Red Dear, R^iin-Dear, Elke, Maroufe, Maccarib, Bear, Beaver, Otter, Marten, Hare.
The Roe a kind of Deer, and the fleetefl Beaft upon earth is here to be found, and is good venifon, but not over fat.
The Fox, the male is called a dog-fox, the female a bitch-fox, they go a clicketing the beginning of the fpring, and bring forth their Cubs in May and June. There are two or three kinds of them ; one a great yellow Fox, an- other grey, who will climb up into Trees ; the black Fox is of much efleem. Foxes and Wolves are ufually hunted [p. 83.] in England from Holy-Rood day, till the Annun- ciation. In New-England they make bell fport in the depth of winter ; they lay a fledg-load of Cods-heads on the other fide of a paled fence when the moon fliines, and about nine or ten of the clock the Foxes come to it, fometimes two or three, or half a dozen, and more ; thefe they fhoot, and by that time they have cafed them, there
will
Tzvo Voyages to New-England. 67
will be as many ; So they continue fliooting and killing of Foxes as long as the moon fliineth ; I have known half a fcore kill'd in one night. Their pifles are bonie like a doggs, their fat liquified and put into the ears eafeth the pain, their tails or buflies are very fair ones and of good ufe, but their fkins are fo thin (yet thick fet with deep furr) that they will hardly hold the dreffmg.
Jaccals there be abundance, which is a Creature much like a FoXy but fmaller, they are very frequent in Palcsf- tina, or the Holy-land.
The Wolf feeketh his mate and goes a clicketing at the fame feafon with Foxes, and bring forth their whelps as they do, but their kennels are under thick buflies by great Trees in remote places by the fwamps, he is to be hunted as the Fox from Holy-rood ^■^y till the Annuncia- tion. But there [p. 84.] they have a quicker way to de- ftroy them. See New-E^iglands rarities. They commonly go in routs, a rout of Wolves is 1 2 or more, fometimes by couples. In 1664. we found a Wot/ ccdeep in a fmall dry fwamp under an Oake, a great maftiff which we had with us feized upon him, and held him till we had put a rope about his neck, by which we brought him home, and tying of him to a flake we bated him with fmaller Doggs, and had excellent fport ; but his hinder legg being broken, they knockt out his brains. Sometime before this we had an excellent courfe after a fmgle Wolf upon the hard fands by the Sea-fide at low water for a mile or two, at laft we loft our doggs, it being (as the Lancajliirc people phrafe it) twi-light, that is almofl dark, and went beyond them, for a maftiff-bitch had feized upon the Wolf being gotten into the Sea, and there held him, till one went in
and
68 yojfelyns Accoimt of
and led him out, the bitch keeping her hold till they had tyed his leggs, and fo carried him home like a Calf upon a ftaff between two men ; being brought into the houfe they unbound him and fet him upon his leggs, he not offering in the leaft to bite, or fo much as to fliew his teeth, but clapping his ftern betwixt his leggs, and leer- ing towards the door would willingly have had his liberty, [p. 85.] but they ferved him as they did the other, knockt his brains out, for our doggs were not then in a condition to bate him ; their eyes fliine by night as a Lanthorn : the Fangs of a Wolf hung about childrens necks keep them from frighting, and are very good to rub their gums with when they are breeding of Teeth, the gall of a Wolf is Soveraign for fwelling of the fmews ; the fiants or dung of a Wolf drunk with white-wine helpeth the Collick.
The Wild-cat, Lufern or luceret, or Ounce as fome call it, is not inferiour to Lamb, their greafe is very foveraign for lamenefs upon taking cold.
The Racoon or Rattoon is of two forts, gray Ralloons, and black Rattoons, their greafe is foveraign for wounds with bruifes, aches, flreins, bruifes ; and to anoint after broken bones and diflocations.
The Squ7ick is almofl as big as a Racoon, perfe6t black and white or pye-bald, with a buih-tail like a Fox, an of- fenfive Carion ; the Urine of this Creature is of fo ftrong a fcent, that if it light upon any thing, there is no abiding of it, it will make a man fmell, though he were of Alexan- ders complexion ; and fo fharp that if he do but whisk his bufh which he piffeth upon in the face of a dogg hunt- ing of him, and that [p. 86.] any of it light in his eyes it will make him almoft mad with the fmart thereof.
The
Two Voyages to New-England. 69
The MufqiiaJJies is a fmall Beafl that Hves in fliallow ponds, where they build them houfes of earth and flicks in fliape Hke mole-hills, and feed upon Calamus Aro^nat- icus : in May they fcent very ftrong of Muske ; their furr is of no great efleem ; their ftones wrapt up in Cotten- wool will continue a long time, and are good to lay amongft cloths to give them a grateful fmell.
The Sqtiirril, of which there are three forts, the moufe- fquirril, the gray fquirril, and the flying fquirril, called by the Indian AJJapanick. The moufe-fquirril is hardly fo big as a Rat, ftreak'd on both fides with black and red ftreaks, they are mifchievous vermine deftroying abun- dance of Corn both in the field and in the houfe, where they will gnaw holes into Chefls, and tear clothes both linnen and wollen, and are notable nut-gathers in A^i- guji ; when hafel and filbert nuts are ripe you may fee upon every Nut-tree as many moufe-fquirrils as leaves ; So that the nuts are gone in a trice, which they convey to their Drays or Nefts. The gray fquirril is pretty large, almoft as big as a Conie, and are very good meat : in fome parts of the Countrie there are many of them. The flying fquirril is fo called, [p. 87.] becaufe (his skin being loofe and large) he fpreads it on both fides like wings when he paffeth from one Tree to another at great dif- tance. I cannot call it flying nor leaping, for it is both.
The Mattrife is a Creature whofe head and fore -parts is fliaped fomewhat like a Lyons, not altogether fo big as a houfe-cat, they are innumerable up in the Countrey, and are efteemed good furr.
The Sable is much of the fize of a Mattrife perfect black, but what ftore there is of them I cannot tell, I never faw but two of them in Eight years fpace.
The
70 JoJ/elyns Account of
The Martin is as ours are in Engla^id, but blacker, they breed in holes which they make in the earth like Conies, and are innumerable, their skins or furr are in much requeft.
The B7ick, Stag, and Rain-Dear are Creatures that will live in the coldeft climates, here they are innumerable, brin2:ins: forth three Faw7ts or Calves at a time, which they hide a mile afunder to prevent their deflru6lion by the Wolves, wild-Gz/i-, Bears, and Mequa^is : when they are in feafon they will be very fat ; there are but few flain by the Englijli. The Indians who flioot them, and take of them with toyls, bring them in [p. 88.] with their fuet, and the bones that grow upon Stags-Hearts.
The Moofe or Elke is a Creature, or rather if you will a Monfter of fuperfluity ; a full grown Moofe is many times bigger than an EnglifJi Oxe, their horns as I have faid elfewhere, very big (and brancht out into palms) the tips whereof are fometimes found to be two fathom afun- der, (a fathom Qd. 89.] is fix feet from the tip of one finger to the tip of the other, that is four cubits,) and in height from the toe of the fore-foot, to the pitch of the flioulder twelve foot, both which hath been taken by fome of my fceptiqiie Readers to be monflrous lyes. If you confider the breadth that the beaft carrieth, and the magnitude of the horns, you will be eafily induced to contribute your belief.
What would you fay, if I fliould tell you that in Green- land there are Does that have as large horns as Bucks, their brow Antlers growing downwards beyond their Miifles, and broad at the end wherewith they fcrape away the fnow to the grafs, it being impoffible for them other- wayes to live in thofe cold Countries ; the head of one of
thefe
Two Voyages to New-England. 71
thefe Does was fometime fince nailed upon a fign-pofl in Charter-houfe-lane, and thefe following verfes written upon a board underneath it.
Like a V>\iQ}^?,-head I Jland in open view, And yet am none ; 7iay, wonder not, 'tis true ; The living Beajl that thefe fair horns did owe Well known to ma7iy, was a Green-land Doe The proverb old is here fulfilV d i^i me, That every like is not the fame you fee.
And for their height fince I came into Englajid I have read Dr. Scroderns his Chymical difpenfatory tranflated into Englifi by Dr. Rowland, where he writes that when he lived in Finland tmder Guftavus Horn, he faw an Elke that was killed and prefented to Guftavus his Mother, fev- enteen fpans high. Law you now Sirs of the Gibing crue, if you have any skill in menfuration, tell me what differ- ence there is between Seventeen fpans and twelve foot. There are certain tranfcendentia in every Creature, which are the indelible Characters of God, and which difcover God ; There's a prudential for you, as John Rhodes the Fiflierman ufed to fay to his mate, Kitt Lux. But to go on with the Moofe ; they are accounted a kind of Deer, and have three Calves at a time, which they hide a mile afunder too, as other Deer do, their skins make excellent Coats for Martial men, their fmews which are as [p. 90.] big as a mans finger are of perdurable toughnefs and much ufed by the Indians, the bone that growes upon their heart is an excellent Cordial, their bloud is as thick as an Affes or Bulls who have the thickeft bloud of all
others.
72 JoJJelyns Account of
others, a man the thinnefl. To what age they live I know not, certainly a long time in their proper climate. SoiJte particular liviiig Creatures cannot live iii every particular place or region, efpecially with the fame joy and felicity as it did where it was firfl bred, for the certain agreement of 7iature that is between the place and the thing bred in that place : As appeareth by Elephants, which being tra^iflated and brought out of the Second or Third Climate, though they may live, yet will they never ingender or bring forth young. So for plants. Birds, ^c. Of both thefe Creat- ures, fome few there have been brought into E^igland, but did not long continue. Sir R. Baker in his Chronicle tells us of an Elephant in Henry the Thirds Raign, which he faith was the firft that was ever feen there, which as it feems is an error, unlefs he reftrain it to the Nonnaits time. For Mr. Speed writeth that Claudius Drufius Em- perour of Rome brought in the firfl; in his Army ; the bones of which digg'd up fince are taken for Gyants bones. As for the Moofe the firft that was feen in Eng- land, [p. 91.] was in King Charles the Firft Raign; thus much for thefe magnals amongft the Creatures of God to be wondered at, the next beaft to be mentioned is
The Mauroufe, which is fomewhat like a Moofe, but his horns are but fmall, and himfelf about the fize of a Stag, thefe are the Deer that the flat-footed Wolves hunt after.
The Maccarib is a Creature not found that ever I heard yet, but upon Cape-Sable near to the Erench plan- tations.
The Bear when he goes to mate is a terrible Creature, they bring forth their Cubs in March, hunted with doggs they take a Tree where they fhoot them, when he is fat he
is
Two Voyages to New- England. 73
is excellent Venifon, which is in Acorn time, and in win- ter, but then there is none dares to attempt to kill him but the Indian. He makes his Denn amongfl thick Buflies, thrufting in here and there ftore of Mo/s, which being covered with fnow and melting in the day time with heat of the Sun, in the night is frozen into a thick coat of Ice ; the mouth of his Den is very narrow, here they lye fmgle, never two in a Den all winter. The In- dian as foon as he finds them, creeps in upon all four, feizes with his left hand upon the neck of the fleeping Bear, drags him to the mouth of [p. 92.] the Den, where with a club or fmall hatchet in his right hand he knocks out his brains before he can open his eyes to fee his en- emy. But fometimes they are too quick for the Indians, as one amongfl them called black Robin lighting upon a male Bear had a piece of his buttock torn off before he could fetch his blow : their greafe is very foveraign. One Mr. Purchafe cured himfelf of the Sciatica with Bears- greefe, keeping fome of it continually in his groine. It is good too for fwell'd Cheeks upon cold, for Rupture of the hands in winter, for limbs taken fuddenly with Sciatica, Gout, or other difeafes that cannot fland upright nor go, bed-rid ; it muft be well chaft in, and the fame cloth laid on ftill; it prevents the fhedding of the hair occafioned by the coldnefs of winters weather ; and the yard of a Bear which as a Doggs or Foxes is bonie, is good for to expell Gravel out of the kidneys and bladder, as I was there told by one Mr. Abraham PJiilater a Jerfey-man.
The Beaver or Pound-dog is an Amphibious Creature,
lives upon the land as well as in the water. I fuppofe
they feed upon fifli, but am fure that the Bark of Trees is
>° alfo
74 yoffely7is Account of
alfo their food ; there is an old proverbial faying, Jic me jtibes qitotidie, tU fiber falice^n : you love me as the Beaver doth the willow ; [p. 93.] who eateth the Bark and killeth the Tree. They will be tame, witnefs the Beaver that not long fince was kept at Bofion in the MaJfacku/ets-Bay, and would run up and down the ftreets, returning home without a call. Their skins are highly valued, and their ftones are good for the palfie, trembling, and numbnefs of the hands, boiling of them in Oyl of Spike, and anoint- ing the fmews in the neck. If you take of Cafioritmt two drams, of womans hair one dram, and with a little Rozen of the Pme-TreQ, make it up into pills as big as Filberts and perfume a woman in a fit of the mother with one at a time laid upon coals under her noftrils, it will recover her out of her fit. The greafe of a Beaver is good for the Nerves, Convulfions, Epilepfies, Apoplexies &c. The tail as I have faid in another Treatife, is very fat and of a mafculine vertue, as good as Eririgds or Satyrwn-Roots.
The Otter or RivQr-Dog- is Amphibious too, he hunteth for his kind in the fpring, and bringeth forth his whelps as the Beaver doth, they are generally black, and very numerous, they are hunted in England from Shrovetide untill Midfummcr, but in New-England they take them when they can. The skin of an Otter is worth Ten Shil- lings, [p. 94.] and the Gloves made thereof are the beft fortification for the hands againft wet weather that can be thought of, the furr is excellent for muffs, and is almoft as dear as Beaver, the greafe of an Otter will make fifli turn up their bellies, and is of rare ufe for many things.
The Hare, I have no more to write of them than that they kindle in hollow Trees. What elfe concerns him, or
any
Two Voyages to New-England. 75
any of the fore-mentioned Creatures you have in my New- Englands rarities, to which I refer you.
The Porcupine hkewife I have treated of, only this I forgot to acquaint you with, that they lay Eggs, and are good meat.
The laft kind of Beafts are they that are begot by equivocal generation, as Mtiles and feveral others, that when the Beafts were brought by the Almighty Creator to Adam, who gave them names, were not then in rerum natura. Of thefe there are not many known in New- England. I know but of one, and that is the Indian dog begotten betwixt a Wolf and a Fox, or between a Fox and a Wolf, which they made ufe of, taming of them, and bringing of them up to hunt with, but fince the Englifh came amongft them they have gotten ftore of our dogs, which they bring up and keep in as much fubje6lion as they do their webbs.
[P- 95-] Of birds there are not many more than 120 kinds as our Naturalifts have conje6lured, but I think they are deceived ; they are divided into land-birds and water-birds, the land-birds again into birds of prey, birds for meat, fmging-birds and others.
The Pilhannaw is the King of Birds of prey in New- England, fome take him to be a kind of Eagle, others for the Indian-Ruck the biggefh Bird that is, except the Of- trich. One Mr. Hilton living at Pafcataway, had the hap to kill one of them : being by the Sea-fide he perceived a great fhadow over his head, the Sun fliining out clear, cafling up his eyes he faw a monftrous Bird foaring aloft in the air, and of a fuddcn all the Ducks and Geefc, (there being then a great many) dived under water, nothing of
them
J 6 'yojfelyns Accon7it of
them appearing but their heads. Mr. Hilton having made readie his piece, lliot and brought her down to the ground, how he difpofed of her I know not, but had he taken her ahve & fent her over into England, neither Bartholomew nor Sturbridge-¥2i\r could have produced fuch another fight.
Hawkes there are of feveral kinds, as GqfJiawkes, Fal- cons, Laniers, Sparrow-hawkes, and a Httle black hawke highly prized by the Indians who wear them on their [p. 96.] heads, and is accounted of worth fufficient to ran- fome a Sagamour : they are fo ftrangely couragious and hardie, that nothing flyeth in the Air that they will not bind with. I have feen them tower fo high, that they have been fo fmall that fcarcely could they be taken by the eye. Hawkes greafe is very good for fore eyes.
The Ofprcy I have treated of. There is a fmall Afh- colour Bird that is fliaped like a Hazoke with talons and beak that falleth upon Crowes, mounting up into the Air after them, and will beat them till they make them cry.
The Viilture or Geire, which is fpoken of in Levit. 11. 14. and called a Gripe, their skins are good to line doub- lets with, and the bones of their head hung about the neck helpeth the head-ach.
The Gripe ; fee New E7iglands rarities, and for the Tnr- i^/(?-buzzard.
The Owl the moft flagging Bird that is, of which there are three forts, a great grey Owl with ears, a little grey Owl, and a white Owl, which is no bigger than a ThrnJJi. Plinie writes that the brains of an Owl affwageth the pain & inflammation in the lap of the ear. And that Eggs of an Owl put into the liquour that a tofpot ufeth to be drunk
with,
Two Voyages to New-England. jj
with, will make him loath drunkennefs [p. 97.] ever after. But now peradventure fome will fay, what doth this man mean to bring Owls to Athens ? verily Sirs I prefume to fay, had I brought over of the little white Oiuls they would have been acceptable, they are good moufers, and pretty Birds to look upon ; the Athenians, no queftion are better imployed than to take notice of my Owls, poor ragged Birds they are and want thofe gliflering golden feathers that Draitons Owl is adorned with, yet they are fome- what of that nature ; if an Athenian chance in this feafon of divertifement to caft an eye upon them I fliall be glad, but more glad if he vouchfafe to prune and correal their feathers, which I confefs are difcompofed for want of Art ; plain Birds they are, and fit for none but plain men to manage. Sirs do not miftake me, there's no man living honours an Athenian more than I do, efpecially where I perceive great abilities concomiting with goodnefs of nature : A good nature (faith Mr. Pei'-kins) is the Char- acter of God, and God is the father of learning, knowl- edge, and every good gift, and hath condefcended to be- come a School-mafter to us poor mortals, furnifliing of us with Philofophy, Hiflorie, Divinity by his holy Scriptures, which if we diligently learn and pra6life, we fliall in [p. 98.] time be brought into his Heavenly Academy, where we fhall have fulncfs and perfe6lion of knowledge eter- nally. But there arc a Generation of men and women in this prophane age that defpife Gods learning and his Ufliers to the Athenians, choofing to wallow in the pleaf- ures of fin for a feafon. I fiiall conclude this excurfion, with that which a Poet writ fometime fince, and then return to the trimming of my Owl.
Say
78 Jojffelyns Account of
Say thou pour Jl them Wheat,
And they would Acorns eat; "^ Twer e Jimp le ftiry in theejlill to waji Thy f elf , on them that have no taji ;
No, give them draff their fill,
Hifks, Grains and fwill\ They that love Lees and leave the lufiie Wine, Envy them. 710 1, their palats with the Swine.
The Raven is here numerous and Crowes, but Rooks, Danes, Popinjaes, Megpies there be none. It is obferved that the female of all Birds of prey and Ravin is ever bigger than the male, more venturous, hardy, and watch- ful : but fuch Birds as do not live by prey and Ravin, the male is more large than the female. So much for Birds of prey, the next are Birds for the difli, and the firfl of thefe is,
[p. 99.] The Turkic, which is in New-England a very large Bird, they breed twice or thrice in a year, if you would preferve the young Chickens alive, you muft give them no water, for if they come to have their fill of water they will drop away ftrangely, and you will never be able to rear any of them : they are excellent meat, efpecially a Turkie-Capon beyond that, for which Eight fliillings was given, their Eggs are very wholefome and reftore decayed nature exceedingly. But the French fay they breed the Leprofie ; the Indeffes make Coats of 71?/;'/^2>-feathers woven for their Children.
The Partridge is larger than ours, white fleflit, but very dry, they are indeed a fort of Partridges called Groofes.
The
Two Voyages to New-England. 79
The Pidgeon, of which there are miJhons of millions, I have feen a flight of Pidgeons in the fpring, and at Mich- aelmas when they return back to the Southward for four or five miles, that to my thinking had neither beginning nor ending, length nor breadth, and fo thick that I could fee no Sun, they joyn Neft to Neft, and Tree to Tree by their Nefts many miles together in Ptne-Trees. But of late they are much diminiflied, the EngliJJi taking them with Nets. I have bought at Bojlon a dozen of Pidgeons ready pull'd and garbidgd for three pence, [p. 100.] Ring- Doves they fay are there too, but I could never fee any.
The Snow-Viixd, is like a Chaf-Finch, go in flocks and are good meat.
The fmging Birds are Thru/hes with red breafls, which will be very fat and are good meat, fo are the T/ireJ/els, Filladies are fmall fmging Birds, Ninmurders little yellow Birds. New-England Nightingales painted with orient colours, black, white, blew, yellow, green and fcarlet, and fmg fweetly, Wood-larks, Wrens, Swallows, who will fit upon Trees, and Starlings black as Ravens with fcarlet pinions ; other forts of Birds there are, as the Trocuhis, Wag-tail, or Di/Ji-water, which is here of a brown colour, Titmoufe two or three forts, the Dunneck or hedge-6)^(2r- row who is fl:arke naked in his winter neft. The golden or yellow hammer, a Bird about the bignefs of a ThrtiJJi that is all over as red as bloud, ^oodi-Peckers of two or three forts, glorioufly fet out with variety of glittering colours. The Colibry, Viemalin, or rifmg or waking Bird, an Em- blem of the Refurredion, and the wonder of little Birds.
The water-fowl are thefe that follow. Hookers or wild- Swans, Cranes^ Geefe of three forts, grey, white, and the
brant
8o yojfelyns Accotmt of
brant Goofe, the firft and laft are beft meat, the white are [p. loi.] lean and tough and hve a long time; whereupon the proverb, Older than a white Goofe ; of the skins of the necks of grey Geefe with their Bills the Indians makes Mantles and Coverlets fowing them together and they fhew prettily. There be four forts of Dncks, a black Duck, a brown Duck like our wild Ducks, a grey Duck, and a great black and white Duck, thefe frequent Rivers and Ponds ; but of Ducks there be many more forts, as Hounds, old Wives, Murres, Doies, Shell-drakes, Shoulers or Shoflers, Widgeons, Simps, Teal, Blew wing'd, and green wing'd, Divers or Didapcrs, or Dip-chicks, Fe^iduck, Duckers or Moorhens, Coots, Pochards, a water-fowl like a Dtick, Plu7igeons, a kind of water-fowl with a long reddifli Bill, Puets, Plovers, Smethes, Wilmotes, a kind of Teal,- Godwits, Humilities, Knotes, Red-Shankes, Wobbles, Loones, Gtills, white Gulls, or '$)Q2i-Cobbs, Caudemandies, Herons, grey Bitterns, Ox-eyes, Birds called Oxeji and Keen, Pet- terels. Kings JiJJiers, which breed in the fpring in holes in the Sea-banks, being unapt to propagate in Summer, by reafon of the drinefs of their bodies, which becomes more moifl when their pores are clofed by cold. Mofl of thefe Fowls and Birds are eatable. There are little Birds that frequent the Sea-fliore in flocks called Sander lins, [p. I02.] they are about the bignefs of a Sparrow, and in the fall of the leaf will be all fat ; when I was firft in the Countrie the Englijh cut them into fmall pieces to put into their Puddings inftead of fuet, I have known twelve fcore and above kill'd at two fhots. I have not done yet, we muft not forget the Cormorant, Shape or Sharke ; though I cannot commend them to our curious palats, the
Indians
Two Voyages to New-England. 8i
Indians will eat them when they are fley'd, they take them prettily, they rooft in the night upon fome Rock that lyes out in the Sea, thither the hidian goes in his Birch-Ca;- now when the Moon iliines clear, and when he is come almoft to it, he lets his Canow drive on of it felf, when he is come under the Rock he flioves his Boat along till he come jufl under the Cormorants watchman, the reft being afleep, and fo foundly do fleep that they will fnore like fo many Piggs ; the India^i thrufts up his hand of a fudden, grafping the watchman fo hard round about his neck that he cannot cry out ; as foon as he hath him in his Canow he wrings off his head, and making his Canow faft, he clambreth to the top of the Rock, where walking foftly he takes them up as he pleafeth, ftill wringing off their heads ; when he hath flain as many as his Canow can carry, he gives a fhout [p. 103.] which awakens the fur- viving Cormorants, who are gone in an inftant.
The next Creatures that you are to take notice of, are they that live in the Element of water. Pliny reckons them to be of 177 kinds, but certainly if it be true that there is no Beaft upon Earth, which hath not his like in the Sea, and which (perhaps) is not in fome part parallel'd in the plants of the Earth ; we may by a diligent fearch find out many more: of the fame opinion is the Poet, who faith that it is
Affirm' d by fome that what on Earth we find, The Sea e an para lie II infiiape and kind.
Divine Dnbcrtiis goes further.
You
82 Jojfelyns Account of
You Divine wits of elder dayes, from whom
The deep invention of rare works hath co7ne,
Took you not pattern of our chief ejl Tooles
Out of the lap of Thetis, Lakes, and Pools ?
Which partly in the Waves, part on the edges
Of craggy Rocks, among their ragged f edges,
Bring forth abundance of Pins, Spincers, fpokes.
Pikes, piercers, needles, mallets, pipes & yoaks.
Oars, fails & f words, f aw s, zvedges, razors, rammers,
Plumes, cornets, knives, wheels, vices, horns and hammers.
[p. 104.] Pfalm 104. 25, 26. In ipfo mari magno &fpa- tiofo, illic reptilia funt atque innutnera animantia parva cum m.agnis. Illic navea ambulant ; balcena quam for- fnafli ludendo in eo.
And as the females amonglt Beafls and Birds of prey for form and beautie furpafs the males, fo do they efpe- cially amongft fiflies ; and thofe I intend to treat of, I fliall divide into falt-water fifli, and frefli-water fifli.
The Sea that Pifcina niirabilis affords us the greateft number, of which I Ihall begin firft with the Whale a regal fifli, as all fiflies "of extraordinary fize are accounted, of thefe there are (as I have faid in another place) feven kinds, the Ambergreefe-/^//^/^ the chiefeft. Anno Dom. 1668 the 17 oi July there was one of them thrown up on the fliore between Winter-harbotir and Cape-porpus, about eight mile from the place where I lived, that was five and fifty foot long. They are Creatures of a vaft magnitude and fhrength. The Royal Pfalmift, in the 148 pfalm, and the 7 verfe, makes mention of them. Laudate jfehovam terrefiria ; Cete {Dracones as fome tranflate it) & omnes
abyffi.
Two Voyages to Nezu-Eiigland. 8
o
abyjjfi. And Mofes in Ids Jiijiory of Job, Job 41. i. A71 extrahas balcenam kamo, &c. [p. 105.] Whereby the fiib- tlety of the Devil isfJiewed, as alfo, the greatnefs and bru- tiflinefs of the Devil by the Elephant, iii the 10 verfe of the
foregoing Chapter, hi the book ^ Jonas prophecies we read of a great f ft, Jonah i. 17. Pararat auteTfi Jehova pif- cem magnum, qui obforberet fonam,. But whether this were a Whale or not is queflioned by fome. In the head {faith Mr. Parkinfon the Herbalifl) of one only fort of WhalefifJi is found that which is called fperma Caeti, it lyes in a hole therein, as it ivere a Well, taken out and
prefl that the oyl m,ay com-e out, the fubflance is that we ufe
for fperma Caeti, and hath little or 710 f me II, the oyl f me Us
flrong. See the rarities of New-England.
The Sea-hare is as big as Grampus or Herrin-hog, and as white as a flieet ; There hath been of them in Black-
point-H3.rhour, & fome way up the river, but we could never take any of them, feveral have fhot fluggs at them, but loft their labour.
The Sturgeon is a Regal fifh too, I have feen of them that have been fixteen foot in length.- of their founds they make Ifinglafs, which melted in the mouth is excellent to feal letters.
Sharkes there are infinite ftore, who tear the Fifher- mens nets to their great lofs and hinderance ; they are of two forts, one flat [p. 106.] headed, the other long-fnouted, the pretious flone in their heads (foveraign for the ftone in a man) fo much coveted by the travelling Chirurgeon is nought elfe but the brains of the flat-headed Sharke. With thefe we may joyn the Dog-fifli or Thorn-hound, who hath two long fliarp prickles on his back.
• The
84 yojfelyns Accoitiit of
The Sea-horfe or Morfe is a kind of monfter-fifli nu- merous about the Ifle of Sables, \. e. The fandy Ifle. An Amphibious Creature kill'd for their Teeth and Oyl, never brings forth more than two at a birth ; as alfo doth the Soil and Manate or Cow-fifli which is fuppofed to be the Sea-monfter fpoken of by Jeremy, Lamerit. 4. 3. Etiam phoccE prcsbent fnammain, laHaiit catulos fuos ; So the Latins render it, phoca a Sea-Calf or Soil.
The fmall Sword-fifJi is very good meat, the Sea-bat or Sea-owl a kind of flying fifli.
Negroes or Sea-Devils a very ugly fifh, having a black fcale, there are three forts of them, one a hideous filli, another about two foot long ; of thefe I have feen ftore in Black-point Harbour in the w^ater, but never attempted to take any of them.
Squids a foft fifli fomewhat like a cudgel, their horns like a Snails, which fometimes are found to be of an in- credible length, [p. 107.] this fifli is much ufed for bait to catch a Cod, Hacke, Polluck, and the like Sea-fifli.
The Dolphin, Bonito, or Dozado, the aflies of their teeth mixed with honey, is good to affwage the pain of breeding teeth in Children.
The Sea-brea7n, Dorado, or Amber-ffh, they follow fliips as doth the Dolphin, and are good meat.
The Mackarel, of w^iich there is choicefull plenty all fummer long, in the fpring they are ordinarily 1 8 inches long, afterwards there is none taken but what are fmaller.
The Liver-ffJi like a Whiting.
The Herri^i which are numerous, they take of them all fummer long. In Anno Dom. 1670. they were driven into Black-point Harbour by other great fifli that prey upon
them
Tzuo Voyages to New-E^tgland. 85
them fo near the fliore, that they threw themfelves (it be- ing high water) upon dry land in fuch infinite numbers that we might have gone up half way the leg amongfl: them for near a quarter of a mile. We ufed to qualifie a pickled Herrin by boiling of him in milk.
The Alewife is like z. herriit, but has a bigger bellie therefore called an Alewife, they come in the end oi April into frefli [p. 108.] Rivers and Ponds; there hath been taken in two hours time by two men without any Weyre at all, faving a few ftones to ftop the paffage of the River, above ten thoufand. The Ilalian hath a proverb, that he that hath feen one miracle will eafily believe another ; but this relation far from a miracle will peranter meet, inftead of a belief with an Adulterate conflrudlion from thofe that are fomewhat akin to St. Peters mockers, fuch as deny the laft judgement. I have known in England 9 fcore and 16 Pikes and Pickarel taken with three Ano^les between the hours of three and ten in the morning, in the River Owfe in the Ifle of Ely, three quarters of a yard long above half of them ; they make red Alewives after the fame manner as they do herrins and are as good.
The Bajfe is a fait water fifli too, but moft an end taken in Rivers where they fpawn, there hath been 3000 BaJJe taken at a fet, one writes that the fat in the bone of a Bajfes head is his brains which is a lye.
The Salmon likewife is a Sea-filh, but as the Ba^e comes into Rivers to fpawn, a Salmon the firft year is a Salmon-fmelt \ The fecond a Mort; The third a Spraid\ The fourth a Soar; The fifth a Sorrel; The fixth [p. 109.] a forket tail; and the feventh year a Salmon. There are another fort of Salmon frequent in thofe parts called white Salmo7is. Cap cling
86 Jqffelyns Account of
Capeling is a fmall fifli like a fmelt.
The Turtle or Tortoife is of two forts SQ2i-Turtles and \2ind-Turtles : of S^2i-Turtles there are five forts, of land- Turtles three forts, one of which is a right land-///r//<? that feldom or never goes into the water, the other two being the River- Turtle, and the pond- Turtle : there are many of thefe in the brooke Chyfon in the Holy land. The aflies of a S^-Si-Turtle mixt with oyl or ^^^ri--greafe caufeth hair to grow : the fliell of a land- Turtle burnt and the aflies diffolved in wine and oyl to an unguent healeth chaps and fores of the feet : the flefli burnt and the aflies mixt with wine and oyl healeth fore legs : the aflies of the burnt fliell and the whites of eggs compounded together healeth chaps in woniens nipples ; and the head pulver- ized with it prevents the falling of the hair, and will heal the Hemorrhoids, firft wafliing of them with white-wine, and then ftrewing on the powder.
Lobjler, which fome fay is at firft a whelk, I have feen a Lobjler that weighed twenty pound, they caft their fliell- coats in the fpring, and fo do Crabs ; having underneath a thin red skin which growes thicker and [p. i lo.] hard in fliort time. The Indians feed much upon this fifli, fome they roft, and fome they dry as they do Lampres and Oys- ters which are delicate breakfaft meat fo ordered, the Oys- ters are long fhell'd, I have had of them nine inches long from the joynt to the toe, containing an Oyjler like thofe the Latines called Tridacuan that were to be cut into three pieces before they could get them into their mouths, very fat and fweet.
The Mufcle is of two forts, SQ2i-7nu/cles in which they find Pearl and nw^r-mu/cles. SQ2i-mu/cles dryed and pul- verized
Two Voyages to Neiv- England. 87
verized and laid upon the fores of the Piles and hemor- rhoids with oyl will perfe6lly cure them.
The Whore is a fliell-fifli, the fliells are called whores- eggs, being fine round white fliells, in fliape like a Mexico pompion, but no bigger than a good large Hens-egg ; they are wrought down the fides with little knobs and holes very prettily, but are but thin and brittle.
The Perriwig is a fliell-fifli that lyeth in the Sands flat and round as a fliovel-board piece and very little thicker ; thefe at a little hole in the middle of the fliell thruft out a cap of hair, but upon the leaft motion of any danger it drawes it in again.
Trouts there be good ftore in every brook, ordinarily two and twenty inches [p. 1 1 1.] long, their greafe is good for the Piles and clifts.
The Eal is of two forts, falt-water Eals and frefli-water Eals ; thefe again are diftinguiflied into yellow bellied Eals and filver bellied Eals ; I never eat better Eals in no part of the world that I have been in, than are here. They that have no mind or leafure to take them, may buy of an Indian half a dozen filver bellied Eals as bis: as thofe we ufually give 8 pence or 1 2 pence a piece for at London, for three pence or a groat. There is feveral wayes of cooking them, fome love them roafhed, others baked, and many will have them fryed ; but they pleafe my pal- ate bcfl when they are boiled, a common way it is to boil them in half water, half wine with the bottom of a man- chet, a fagot of Parfley, and a little winter favory, when they are boiled they take them out and break the bread in the broth, and put to it three or four fpoonfuls of yeft, and a piece of fweet butter, this they pour to their Eals
laid
88 yojfelyns Account of
laid upon fippets and fo ferve it up. I fancie my way- better which is this, after the Eals are fley'd and waflit I fill their bellies with Nutmeg grated and Cloves a little bruifed, and fow them up with a needle and thred, then I flick a Glove here and there in their fides about an inch afunder, [p. 112.] making holes for them with a bodkin, this done I wind them up in a wreath and put them into a kettle with half water and half white wine-vinegar, fo much as will rife four fingers above the Eals, in midft of the Eals I put the bottom of a penny white loaf, and a fagot of thefe herbs following, Parfley one handful, a little fweet Marjoram, Peniroyal and Savory, a branch of Rofe- mary, bind them up with a thred, and when they are boiled enough take out the Eals and pull out the threds that their bellies were fowed up with, turn out the Nut- meg and Cloves, put the Eals in a difli wilh butter and vinegar upon a chafing-difli with coals to keep warm, then put into the broth three or four fpoonfuls of good Ale-yeaft with the juice of half a Lemmon ; but before you put in your yeaft beat it in a porringer with fome of the broth, then break the cruft of bread very fmall and mingle it well together with the broth, pour it into a deep difli and garnifli it with the other half of the Lemmon, and fo ferve them up to the Table in two diflies.
The Erojlji/h is little bigger than a Gudgeon and are taken in frefli brooks ; when the waters are frozen they make a hole in the Ice about half a yard or yard wide, to which the fifli repair in great numbers, where with [p. u 3.] fmall nets bound to a hoop about the bignefs of a firkin- hoop with a ftaff faflned to it they lade them out of the hole. I have not done with the fifli yet, being willing to
let
Two Voyages to New-England.
89
let you know all of them that are to be feen and catch'd in the Sea and frefli waters in New-England, and becaufe I will not tire your patience overmuch, having no occa- fion to enlarge my difcourfe, I fliall only name them and fo conclude.
|
Aleport |
feveral kinds |
Purple-JiJJt |
|
Albicore |
Sea-Flea |
Porgee |
|
Barracha |
GrandpiJJe |
Remora |
|
Barracontha |
Hake |
Sea-Raven |
|
Blew-fi/Ji |
Haddock |
Sail-fiJJi |
|
Bull-head |
Horfe-foot |
Scallop |
|
Bur-fiJJi |
Hallibut |
"p. 1 1 4.] Scale |
|
Cat-fijh |
Hen-fiJJi |
Stingray |
|
Cony-fiJJt |
Lampre |
Sculpin |
|
Cusk |
Limpin |
Shadd |
|
Clam |
Lumpe |
Spurlin |
|
Rock-Cod |
Maid |
Sheath-JiJJi |
|
Sea -Cod |
M07tk-fiJJl |
Smelt |
|
divers |
Sea-mullet |
Shrimps |
|
kinds of |
Nun-JiJJi |
Sprates |
|
Crabs |
Perch |
Star-fiJJi |
|
Sea-Cucumber |
Polluck |
Sword-fi/Ji |
|
Cunner |
Periwincle |
Thornback |
|
Sea-Darts |
Pike |
Turbet |
|
or yavelins |
Pilat-fijli |
The Ulatife |
|
Flail-fijlt |
Plaice |
orfaw-fiJJi |
|
Flotmder |
PorpiJJe |
Sea- Urchin |
|
or Flowke |
Prawne |
Sea- Unichorn |
|
Flyiiig-fi/Ji |
The
90 Jojfelyns Account of
The fifli are fwum by, and the Serpents are creeping on, terrible creatures, carrying flings in their tails. That will fmart worfe than a Satyrs whip, though it were as big as Mr. Shepperds the mad Gentleman ^t Milton-Mow- brayes Conjlajitinus Laf cuius.
The chief or Captain of thefe is the Rattle-fnake de- fcribed already in my Journal, in fome places of the Coun- trey there are none as at Plijuoutk, New-town., Nahant and fome other places, they will live on one fide of the River, and but fwimming over and coming into the woods dye immediately.
The fat of a Rattle-fnake is very Soveraign for frozen limbs, bruifes, lamenefs by falls. Aches, Sprains. The heart of a Rattle-fnake dried and pulverized and drunk with wine or beer is an approved remedy againft the bit- ing and venome of a Rattle-fnake. Some body will give me thanks for [p. 115.] difcovering thefe fecrets and the reft ; Nan omnibus omnia conveniant.
The Snake of which there are infinite numbers of va- rious colours, fome black, others painted with red, yellow and white, fome agaifi of a grafs-green colour powdered all over as it were with filver duft or Mu/coz'ie-g\^.k. But there is one fort that exceeds all the reft, and that is the Checkquered fnake, having as many colours within the checkquers fliaddowing one another, as there are in a Rainbow. There are two forts of fnakes, the land-fnake and the water-fnake ; the water-fnake will be as big about the belly as the Calf of a mans leg ; I never heard of any mifchief that fnakes did, they kill, them fometimes for their skins and bones to make hatbands off, their skins likewife worn as a Garter is an excellent remedie againft
the
Two Voyages to New- England,- 91
the cramp. I have found of the skins that they cafl in woods in fome quantity, they caft not their very skins, but only the fuperfluous thin skin that is upon the very skin, for the very skin is bafted to the flefli, fo Lobfters and Crabs.
The Earth-worm, thefe are very rare and as fmall as a horfe hair, but there is a Bug that lyes in the earth and eateth the feed, that is fomewhat like a Maggot of a white colour with a red head, and is about [p. 1 16.] the bignefs of ones finger and an inch or an inch and half long. There- is alfo a dark dunnifli Worm or Bug of the bignefs of an Oaten-flraw, and an inch long, that in the fpring lye at the Root of Corn and Garden plants all day, and in the night creep out and devour them ; thefe in fome years deftroy abundance of Indian Corn and Garden plants, and they have but one way to be rid of them, which the EngliJJi have learnt of the Indians ; And be- caufe it is fomewhat ftrange, I fliall tell you how it is, they go out into a field or garden with a Birchen-difli, and fpudling the earth about the roots, for they lye not deep, they gather their difh full which may contain about a quart or three pints, then they carrie the difli to the Sea-fide when it is ebbing-water and fet it a fwimming, the water carrieth the difh into the Sea and within a day or two if you go into your field you may look your eyes out fooner than find any of them.
Sow-bugs or Millipedes there be good florc, but none of that fort that are blew and turn round as a pea when they are touched ; neither are there any Beetles nor Ma- ple-bugs^ but a ftinking black and red Bug called a Caca- rooc/i or Cockroach, and a little black Bug like a Lady- cow
92 Jojfelyjis Account of
cow that breeds in skins and furrs and will eat them to their [p. 1 1 7.] utter fpoil. Likewife there be infinite numbers of Tikes hanging upon the bullies in fummer time that will cleave to a mans garments and creep into his Breeches eating themfelves in a lliort time into the very flefli of a man. I have feen the ftockins of thofe that have gone through the woods covered with them. Befides thefe there is a Bug, but whether it be a Native to the Countrie or a flranger I cannot fay ; Some are of opinion that they are brought in by the Merchant with Spanifh goods, they infefl; our beds moft, all day they hide themfelves, but when night comes they will creep to the fleeping wretch and bite him worfe than a flea, which raifeth a fwelling knub that will itch intolerably, if you fcratch it waxeth bigger and growes to a fcab ; and if you chance to break one of the Bugs it will flink odioufly : they call them Chinches or Wood-lice, they are fat, red and in fliape like a Tike and no bigger. There are alfo Palmer-worms which is a kind of Catterpiller, thefe fome years will devour the leaves of Trees leaving them as naked almoft as in winter, they do much harm in the EngliJJi Orchards. Of Snails there are but few, and thofe very little ones, they lye at the Roots of long grafs in moift places, and are no where elfe to be found, [p. 1 1 8.] Spiders and Spinners there be many, the lafl very big and of feveral colours.
The Pifmire or Ant muft not be forgotten, accounted the leafl; Creature, and by Salo7non commended for its wifdom, Prov. 30. 24, 25. Quatuor ijla parva fu7tt hu- milia, tamen funt fapicfitia, apprime fapie7ttia : formiccs populus infirmus, qucB comparant csjlate cibum fuum, &c.
There
Two Voyages to New-England. 93
There are two forts, red Ants and black Ants, both of them are many times found winged ; not long fmce they were poured upon the Sands out of the clouds in a ftorm betwixt Black-point and Saco, where the paffenger might have walkt up to the Ankles in them.
The Grafliopper is innumerable and bigger by much than ours in England, having Tinfel-wings, with help whereof they will flye and skip a great way. Next to thefe in number are your Crickets, a man can walk no where in the fummer but he fliall tread upon them ; The Italian who hath them cryed up and down the ftreets {Grille che cantelo) and buyeth them to put into his Gar- dens, if he were in New-Engla7td would gladly be rid of them, they make fuch a dinn in an Evening. I could never difcover the Organ of their voice, they have a little clift in their Crown which opens, and at the fame inftant they fliake their wings.
[p. 1 1 9.] The Eft or Swift in New-E^igland is a moft beautiful Creature to look upon, being larger than ours, and painted with glorious colours ; but I lik'd him never the better for it.
Frogs too there are in ponds and upon dry land, they chirp like Birds in the fpring, and latter end of fummer croak like Toads. It is admirable to confider the gener- ating of thefe Creatures, firft they lay their gelly on the water in ponds and flill waters, which comes in time to be full of black fpots as broad as the head of a Ten-penny nail, and round, thefe feparate themfelves from the gleir, and after a while thrufh out a tail, then their head comes forth, after their head fprings out their fore-legs, and then their hinder-legs, then their tail drops off, and growes to
have
94 yojfelyns Account of
have a head and four legs too, the firft proves a frog, the latter a water nuet. The Herbalifl ufeth to fay by way of admiration, qticElibet herba deuTn &c. So God is feen in the produ6lion of thefe fmall Creatures which are a part of the Creation ; Laudate yehovam coelites^ latidate eum in excel/is, &c. Laudent nomen Jehovce quce ipfo pr<z- cipie7tte illico creata fimt &c. ipfcB beJlicB & omnes Jtimenta, reptilia & aves alatce^ Pfal. 148.
The Toad is of two forts, one that is [p. 1 20.] fpeckled with white, and another of a dark earthy colour ; there is of them that will climb up into Trees and fit croaking there ; but whether it be of a third fort, or one of the other, or both, I am not able to affirm ; but this I can tef- tifie that there be Toads of the dark coloured kind that are as big as a groat loaf Which report will not fwell into the belief of my fceptique Sirs ; nor that there is a Hell, being like Salomons fool, Prov. 26. 22. Sedji con- tunderes Jlultum in inortario cum mola pi/iillo, ?ion rece- deret ab eo Jlultitia ejus.
Now before I proceed any further, I muft (to prevent mifconftrudtions) tell you that thefe following Creatures, though they be not properly accounted Serpents, yet they are venomous and peftilent Creatures. As, firft the Rat, but he hath been brought in fmce the EngliJJi came thither, but the Moufe is a Native, of which there are fev- eral kinds not material to be defcribed ; the Bat or flitter moufe is bigger abundance than any in Englmid and fwarm, which brings me to the infe6ts or cut-wafted Creatures again, as firft the honey-Bee, which are carried over by the EngliJJi and thrive there exceedingly, in time they may be produced from Bullocks when the wild
Beafts
Two Voyages to New-England. 95
Beafts are deftroyed. But the wafp is [p. 121.] common, and they have a fort of wild humble-Bee that breed in httle holes in the earth. Near upon twenty years fmce there lived an old planter at Black-point, who on a Sun- fliine day about one of the clock lying upon a green bank not far from his houfe, charged his Son, a lad of 1 2 years of age to awaken him when he had flept two hours, the old man falls afleep and lying upon his back gaped with his mouth wide enough for a Hawke to fliit into it ; after a little while the lad fitting by fpied a humble-Bee creeping out of his Fathers mouth, which taking wing flew quite out of fight, the hour as the lad ghefl being come to awaken his Father he jogg'd him and called aloud Father, Father, it is two a clock, but all would not roufe him, at laft he fees the humble-Bee returning, who lighted upon the fleepers lip and walked down as the lad conceived into his belly, and prefently he awaked.
The Countrey is ftrangely incommodated with flyes, which the EngliJJi call Musketaes, they are like our gnats, they will fling fo fiercely in fummer as to make the faces of the EngliJJi fwell'd and fcabby, as if the fmall pox for the firft year. Likewife there is a fmall black fly no big- ger than a flea, fo numerous up in the Countrey, [p. 122.] that a man cannot draw his breath, but he will fuck of them in : they continue about Thirty dayes fay fome, but I fay three moneths, and are not only a peflerment but a plague to the Countrey. There is another fort of fly called a Gurnipper that are like our horfe-flyes, and will bite defperately, making the bloud to fpurt out in great quantity ; thefe trouble our EngliJJi Cattle very much, raifing fwellings as big as an ^%^ in their hides.
The
g6 Joffelyns Account of
The Butterfly is of feveral forts and larger than ours ; So are their Dragon-flyes. Glow-worms have here wings, there are multitudes of them infomuch that in the dark evening when I firft went into the Countrey I thought the whole Heavens had been on fire, feeing fo many fparkles flying in the air : about Mount-Carmel, and the valley of Acree in the Holy-land there be abundance of them.
Thefe are taken for Cantharides. Cantharides are green flyes by day, in the night they pafs about like a fly- ing Glow-worm with fire in their tails.
I have finiflied now my relation of plants, ^c. I have taken fome pains in recolledling of them to memory, and fetting of them down for their benefit from whom I may expe6t thanks; but I believe my [p. 123.] reward will be according to Ben yohnfons proverbs, Whifl:le to a Jade and he will pay you with a fart. Claw a churl by the britch and he will fliit in your fift.
The people that inhabited this Countrey are judged to be of the Tartars called Samonids that border upon Mo/- covia, and are divided into Tribes ; thofe to the Eafl and North-eaft are called Ckurchers and Tarentines, and Mon- hegans. To the South are the Pequets and Narraganfets. Weflward Con7ie5licuts and Mowhacks. To the North- ward Abergmians which confift of Mattachufets, Wippa- naps and Tarrentines. The Pocanokets live to the Weft- ward of Plimouth. Not long before the EnglifJi came into the Countrey, happened a great mortality amongfl them, efpecially where the E7igli/}i afterwards planted, the Eafl; and Northern parts were fore fmitten with the Contagion; firfl by the plague, afterwards when the EngliJJt came by
the
Two Voyages to New-Engla7id. 97
the fmall pox, the three Kingdoms or SagamorJJiips of the Mattachufets were very populous, having under them feven Dukedoms or ^^\.\A-SaganiorJJiips, but by the plague were brought from 30000 to 300. There are not many now to the Eaftward, the Peqiwts were deflroyed by the EngliJJi : the Mowhacks are about five hundred : Their fpeech a diale(5l of the Tartar's, [p. 124.] (as alfo is the TurkiJJi tongue) There is difference between Tongues and Languages, the divifion of fpeech at Babet is moft properly called Languages, the reft Tongues.
As for their perfons they are tall and handfome tim- ber'd people, out-wrifted, pale and lean Tartariari vifag'd, black eyed which is accounted the ftrongeft for fight, and generally black hair'd, both fmooth and curl'd wearing of it long. No beards, or very rarely, their Teeth are very white, fhort and even, they account them the moft necef- fary and beft parts of man ; And as the Ati/lreaiis are known by their great lips, the Bavarians by their pokes under their chins, the yezus by their goggle eyes, fo the Indians by their flat nofes, yet are they not fo much de- prefl: as they are to the Southward.
The Indcffes that are young, are fome of them very comely, having good features, their faces plump and round, and generally plump of their Bodies, as are the men likewife, and as foft and fmooth as a mole-skin, of reafonable good complexions, but that they dye them- felves tawnie, many prettie Brownetto's and fpidcr finger'd Laffes may be feen amongft them. The Vettilds or old women are lean and uglie, all of them are of a modcft demeanor, confidering their [p. 125.] Savage breeding; and indeed do fliame our Englijh rufticks whofe rudenefs in many things exceedeth theirs.
'3 Of
98 Jojfelyns Account of
Of dlfpofitlon ver}'- inconftant, crafty, timorous, quick of apprehenfion, and very ingenious, foon angry, and fo malicious that they feldom forget an injury, and barbar- oufly cruel, witnefs their direful revenges upon one an- other. Prone to injurious violence and flaughter, by rea- fon of their bloud dryed up with overmuch fire, very lecherous proceeding from choller adufl: and melancholy, a fait and fliarp humour ; very fingurative or theevifli, and bold importunate beggars, both Men and Women guilty of Mifoxenie or hatred to ftrangers, a quality appropri- ated to the old Brittains, all of them Cannibals, eaters of humane flefli. And fo were formerly the Heathen-Zr^^, who ufed to feed upon the Buttocks of Boyes and Wom- ens Paps ; it feems it is natural to Savage people fo to do. I have read in Relations of the Indians amongfl the Spaniards that they would not eat a Spaniard till they had kept him two or three dayes to wax tender, becaufe their flefli was hard. At Martins vinyard, an Ifland that lyes South to PlimotUh in the way to Virginia, certain Indians (whilft I was in the Countrey) feifed upon a Boat that put into [p. 126.] a V>y-Covc, kill'd the men and eat them up in a fliort time before they were difcovered.
Their houfes which they call Wigwams, are built with Poles pitcht into the ground of a round form for moffc part, fometimes fquare, they bind down the tops of their poles, leaving a hole for fmoak to go out at, the reft they cover with the bark of Trees, and line the infide of their Wigwams with mats made of Ruflies painted with feveral colours, one good poft they fet up in the middle that reaches to the hole in the top, with a flaff acrofs before it at a convenient height, they knock in a pin on which they
hang
Tzuo Voyages to Neiu-Engla7id. 99
hang their Kettle, beneath that they fet up a broad ftone for a back which keepeth the poft from burning ; round by the walls they fpread their mats and skins where the men fleep whilfl their women drefs their vi(5luals, they have commonly two doors, one opening to the South, the other to the North, and according as the wind fits, they clofe up one door with bark and hang a Dears skin or the like before the other. Towns they have none, be- ing alwayes removing from one place to another for con- veniency of food, fometimes to thofe places where one fort of fifh is mofl plentiful, other whiles where others are. I have feen half [p. 127.] a hundred of their Wigiuams to- gether in a piece of ground and they fliew prettily, within a day or two, or a week they have been all difperfed. They live for the mofl part by the Sea-fide, efpecially in the fpring and fummer quarters, in winter they are gone up into the Countrie to hunt Deer and Beaver, the younger webbs going with them. Tame Cattle they have none, excepting Lice, and Doggs of a wild breed that they bring up to hunt with.
Wives they have two or three, according to the ability of their bodies and ftrength of their concupifcence, who have the eafiefl labours of any women in the world ; they will go out when their time is come alone, carrying a board with them two foot long, and a foot and half broad, bor'd full of holes on each fide, having a foot beneath like a Jack that we pull Boots off with, on the top of the board a broad ftrap of leather which they put over their fore- head, the board hanging at their back ; when they are come to a Bufli or a Tree that they fancy they lay them down and are delivered in a trice, not fo much as groaning
for
lOO yoffelyns Account of
for it, they wrap the child up in a young Beaver-'^\r\. with his heels clofe to his britch, leaving a little hole if it be a Boy for his Cock to peep out at ; and lace him down to the [p. 128.] board upon his back, his knees refting upon the foot beneath, then putting the ftrap of leather upon their fore-head with the infant hanging at their back home they trudge ; What other ceremonies they ufe more than dying of them with a liquor of boiled Heinlock- Bark, and their throwing of them into the water if they fufpe6t the Child to be gotten by any other Nation, to fee if he will fwim, if he fwim they acknowledge him for their own, their names they give them when they are men grown, and covet much to be called after our EngliJJi manner, Robin, Harry, Phillip and the like, very indul- gent they are to their Children, and their children fome- times to their Parents, but if they live fo long that they become a burden to them, they will either flarve them or bury them alive, as it was fuppofed an Indian did his Mother at Cafco in 1669.
Their Apparel before the EngliJJi came amongft them, was the skins of wild Beafts with the hair on. Buskins of Deers-'&^\Yi or Moofe drefh and drawn with lines into fev- eral works, the lines being coloured with yellow, blew or red, Pumps too they have, made of tough skins without foles. In the winter when the fnow will bear them, they faflen to their feet their fnow fliooes which are made like a large Racket we play at [p. 129.] Tennis with, lacing them with Z^^^-r^-guts and the like, under their belly they wear a fquare piece of leather and the like upon their pofheriors, both faftened to a firing tyed about them to hide their fecrets ; on their heads they ware nothing : But
fmce
Two Voyages to Nezv-Engtand. loi
fince they have had to do with the Enghfli they purchafe of them a fort of Cloth called trading cloth of which they make Mantles, Coats with fliort fleeves, and caps for their heads which the women ufe, but the men continue their old fafliion going bare-headed, excepting fome old men amongft them. They are very proud as appeareth by their fettinsf themfelves out with white and blew Beads of their own making, and painting of their faces with the above mentioned colours, they weave fometimes curious Coats with TnrHe feathers for their Children.
Their Diet is Fifli and Fowl, Bear, Wild-cat, Rattoon and Deer ; dry'd Oyflers, Lobjlers rofted or dryed in the fmoak, Lamprcs and dry'd J/(9^-tongues, w^hich they elteem a difli for a Sagamor\ hard eggs boiled and made fmall and dryed to thicken their broth with, fait they have not the ufe of, nor bread, their Indian Corn and Kidney beans they boil, and fometimes eat their Corn parcht or roafted in the ear againft the fire ; they feed likewife upon earth-nuts, [p. 130.] or ground-nuts, roots of water-Lillies, Chef-nuts, and divers forts of Berries. They beat their Corn to powder and put it up into bags, which they make ufe of when fiormie weather or the like will not fuffer them to look out for their food. Pompions and water- Mellons too they have good ftore ; they have prodigious ftomachs, devouring a cruel deal, meer voragoes, never giv- ing over eating as long as they have it, between meals fpending their time in fleep till the next kettlefull is boiled, when all is gone they fatisfie themfelves with a fmall quantity of the meal, making it ferve as the frugal bit amongft the old Britahis, which taken to the mounte- nance of a Bean would fatisfie both thirft and hunger. If
they
I02 yojfelyns Account of
they have none of this, as fometimes it falleth out (being a very carelefs people not providing againfl the ftorms of want and tempeft of neceffity) they make ufe of Sir Fran- cis Drakes remedy for hunger, go to fleep.
They live long, even to an hundred years of age, if they be not cut off by their Children, war, and the plague, which together with the fmall pox hath taken away abun- dance of them. Pliny reckons up but 300 Difeafes in and about man, latter writers Six thoufand, 236 belonging to the eyes. There are not fo many Difeafes raigning [p. 131.] amongft them as our Etiropeans. The great pox is proper to them, by reafon (as fome do deem) that they are Man-eaters, which difeafe was brought amongft our Europeans firfl by the Spaniards that went with Chrijlopher Columbus who brought it to Naples with their Jndia7t-vfon\&n, with whom the Italians and French con- verfed Anno Dom. 1493. Paracelfus faith it happened in the year 1478 and 1480. But all agree that it was not known in Europe before Columbus his voyage to Amer- ica. It hath continued amongft us above two hundred and three fcore years. There are Difeafes that are proper to certain climates, as the Leprofie to ^Egypt, fwelling of the Throat or Mentegra to AJia, the fweating ficknefs to the Inhabitants of the North ; to the Portugals the Phthifick, to Savoy the mumps ; So to the We/l-Indies the Pox, but this doth not exclude other Difeafes. In New- England the Fidians are afiflicSled with peflilent Feavers, Plague, Black-pox, Confumption of the Lungs, Falling- ficknefs. Kings-evil, and a Difeafe called by the Spaniard the Plague in the back, with us Empyema, their Phyfi- cians are the Powaws or Indian Priefts who cure fome- times
Two Voyages to New-England. 103
times by charms and medicine, but in a general infe6lion they feldom come amongft them, [p. 132.] therefore they ufe their own remedies, which is fweating, &c. Their manner is when they have plague or fmall pox amongft them to cover their Wigwams with Bark fo clofe that no Air can enter in, lining them (as I faid before) within, and making a great fire they remain there in a ftewing heat till they are in a top fweat, and then run out into the Sea or River, and prefently after they are come into their Hutts again they either recover or give up the Ghoft ; they dye patiently both men and women, not knowing of a Hell to fcare them, nor a Confcience to terrific them. In times of general Mortality they omit the Ceremonies of burying, expofing their dead Carkafes to the Beafts of prey. But at other times they dig a Pit and fet the dif- eafed therein upon his breech upright, and throwing in the earth, cover it with the fods and bind them down with flicks, driving in two flakes at each end ; their mournings are fomewhat like the bowlings of the haJJi, feldom at the grave but in the Wigwam where the party dyed, blaming the Devil for his hard heartednefs, and concluding with rude prayers to him to afflict them no further.
They acknowledge a God who they call Squanta7n, but worfliip him they do not, [p. 133.] becaufc (they fay) he will do them no harm. But Abbamocho or Chcepie many times fmites them with incurable Difeafes, fcares them with his Apparitions and pannick Terrours, by reafon whereof they live in a wretched conflernation worfliip- ping the Devil for fear. One black Robin an Indian fit- ting down in the Corn field belonging to the houfe where I refided, ran out of his Wigwam frighted with the appa- rition
I04 Joffelyiis Accoiuit of
rition of two Infernal fpirits in the fliape of Mohawkes. Another time two Indians and an Indefs^ came running into our houfe crying out they fliould ail dye, Cheepie was gone over the field gliding in the Air with a long rope hansfino: from one of his leo-s : we askt them what he was like, they faid all wone EngliJJinian, clothed with hat and coat, fliooes and ftockings, &€, They have a remarkable obfervation of a flame that appears before the death of an Indian or Englijli upon their Wigzuams in the dead of the night : The firfl time that I did fee it, I was call'd out by fome of them about twelve of the clock, it being a very dark night, I perceived it plainly mounting into the Air over our Church, which was built upon a plain little more than half a quarter of a mile from our dwelling houfe, on the Northfide of the Church : look on [p. 1 34.] what fide of a houfe it appears, from that Coaft refpe6tively you fliall hear of a Coarfe within two or three days.
They worfliip the Devil (as I faid) their Priefts are called Powaws and are little better than Witches, for they have familiar conference with him, who makes them invulner- able, that is fliot-free and flick-free. Craftie Rogues, abuf- ing the refl at their pleafure, having power over them by reafon of their Diabolical Art in curing of Difeafes, which is performed wdth rude Ceremonies ; they place the fick upon the ground fitting, and dance in an Antick manner round about him, beating their naked breafts with a ftrong hand, and making hideous faces, fometimes calling upon the Devil for his help, mingling their prayers with horrid and barbarous charms ; if the fick recover they fend rich gifts, their Bowes and Arrowes, Wumponipers, Mohacks, Beaver skins, or other rich Furs to the Eaflward, where
there
Two Voyages to New-Engla7id. 105
there is a vaft Rock not far from the fliore, having a hole in it of an unfearchable profundity, into which they throw them.
Their Theologie is not much, but queftionlefs they acknowledge a God and a Devil, and fome fmall light they have of the Souls immortality ; for ask them [p. 135.] whither they go when they dye, they will tell you pointing with their finger to Heaven beyond the white mountains, and do hint at Noa/is Floud, as may be con- ceived by a flory they have received from Father to Son, time out of mind, that a great while agon their Counlrey was drowned, and all the People and other Creatures in it, only one Powaw and his Webb forefeeing the Floud, fled to the white mountains carrying a hare along with them and fo efcaped ; after a while the Powaw fent the Hare away, who not returning emboldned thereby they defcended, and lived many years after, and had many Children, from whom the Countrie was filled again with India7is. Some of them tell another flory of the Beaver, faying that he was their Father.
Their learning is very little or none. Poets they are as may be gheffed by their formal fpeeches, fometimes an hour long, the laft word of a line riming with the lafl: word of the following line, and the whole doth Co7iJlare ex pedibus. Mufical too they be, having many pretty odd barbarous tunes which they make ufe of vocally at mar- riages and feaftings ; but Inftruments they had none be- fore the EngliJJi came amongft them, fince they have imitated them and will make out Kitts and firing them as neatly, [p. 1 36.] and as Artificially as the befl Fiddle- maker amongft us ; and will play our plain leffons very '4 exadllv:
io6 yojjelyns Account of
exadlly: the only Fidler that was in the Province o^ Meyn, when I was there, was an Indian called Scozway, whom the Fifhermen and planters when they had a mind to be merry made ufe of.
Arithmetick they skill not, reckoning to ten upon their fingers, and if more doubling of it by holding their fin- gers up, their age they reckon by Moons, and their ac- tions by fleeps, as, if they go a journie, or are to do any other bufmefs they will fay, three fleeps me walk, or two or three fleeps me do fuch a thing, that is in two or three days. Aftronomie too they have no knowledge of, feldom or never taking obfervation of the Stars, Eclipfes, or Com- ets that I could perceive ; but they will Prognoflicate fhrewdly what weather will fall out. They are generally excellent Zenagogues or guides through their Countrie.
Their exercifes are hunting and fifhing, in both they will take abundance of pains. When the fnow will bear them, the young and luflie Indians, (leaving their pa- poufes and old people at home) go forth to hunt Moo/e, Deere, Bear and Beaver, Thirty or forty miles up into the Countrey ; when they light upon a Moofe they run him down, [p. 137.] which is fometimes in half a day, fome- times a whole day, but never give him over till they have tyred him, the fnow being ufually four foot deep, and the Beaft very heavie he finks every fiep, and as he runs fome- times bears down Arms of Trees that hang in his way, with his horns, as big as a mans thigh ; other whiles, if any of their dogs (which are but fmall) come near, yerk- ing out his heels (for he ftrikes like a horfe) if a fmall Tree be in the way he breaks it quite afunder with one ftroak, at lafi: they get up to him on each fide and tranf-
pierce
Tiuo Voyages to New-England. 107
pierce him with their Lances, which formerly were no other but a flaff of a yard and half pointed with a Fiflies bone made fliarp at the end, but fmce they put on pieces of fword-blades which they purchafe of the French, and having a ftrap of leather faflned to the but end of the flaff which they bring down to the midft of it, they dart it into his fides, hceret latere lethalis arundo, the poor Creature groans, and walks on heavily, for a fpace, then fmks and falls down like a ruined building, making the Earth to quake ; then prefently in come the Victors, who having cut the throat of the flain take off his skin, their young webbs by this time are walking towards them with heavie bags and kettles at their [p. 138.] backs, who lay- ing down their burdens fall to work upon the Carkafs, take out the heart, and from that the bone, cut off the left foot behind, draw out the fmews, and cut out his tongue &c. and as much of the Venifon as will ferve to fatiate the hungry mawes of the Company ; mean w^hile the men pitch upon a place near fome fpring, and with their fnow fhoos fhovel the fnow away to the bare Earth in a circle, making round about a wall of fnow ; in the midft they make their Vulcan or fire near to a great Tree, upon the fnags whereof they hang their kettles fil'd with the Ven- ifon ; whilft that boils, the men after they have refreflit themfelves with a pipe of Tobacco difpofe themfelves to fleep. The women tend the Cookerie, fome of them fcrape the flime and fat from the skin, cleanfe the fmews, and flretch them and the like, when the venifon is boiled the men awake, and opening of their bags take out as much Indian meal as will ferve their turns for the prefcnt; they eat their broth with fpoons, and their flefh they divide into
gobbets,
io8 yojfelyns Account of
gobbets, eating now and then with it as much meal as they can hold betwixt three fingers; their drink they fetch from the fpring, and were not acquainted with other, un- til! the French and EngliJJi traded with that curfed liquor [p. 1 39.] called Rum, Ru77i-bullio7i, or kill-Devil, which is llronger than fpirit of Wine, and is drawn from the drofs of Sugar and Sugar Canes, this they love dearly, and will part with all they have to their bare skins for it, being per- petually drunk with it, as long as it is to be had, it hath killed many of them, efpecially old women who have dyed when dead drunk. Thus inftead of bringing of them to the knowledge of Chriftianitie, we have taught them to commit the beaftly and crying fms of our Nation, for a little profit. When the Indians have fluft their paunches, if it be fair weather and about midday they venture forth again, but if it be foul and far fpent, they betake them- felves to their field-bed at the fign of the Star, expecting the opening of the Eaftern window, which if it promife ferenity, they trufs up their fardles, and away for another Moofe, this courfe they continue for fix weeks or two moneths, making their Webbs their Mules to carry their luggage, they do not trouble themfelves with the horns of Moofe or other Deer^ unlefs it be near an EngliJJi planta- tion ; becaufe they are weighty and cumberfome. If the EngliJJi could procure them to bring them in, they would be worth the pains and charge, being fold in England after the rate of forty or fifty [p. 140.] pounds a Tun ; the red heads oi Deer are the fairefl and fulleft of marrow, and lighteft ; the black heads are heavie and have lefs marrow ; the white are the worft, and the worfl nourilhed. When the Indians are gone, there gathers to the Carkafs
of
Two Voyages to New-England. 109
of the Moofe thoufands of Mattrifes, of which there are but few or none near the Sea-coafls to be feen, thefe de- vour the remainder in a quarter of the time that they were hunting of it
Their fifliing followes in the fpring, fummer and fall of the leaf Firfi: for Lobjlers, Clams, Flouke, Lumps or Po- dles, and Alewives ; afterwards for Bafs, Cod, Rock, Blew- JiJJt, Salmon, and Lampres, &c.
The Lobjlers they take in large Bayes when it is low water, the wind ftill, going out in their Birchen-Canows with a ftaff two or three yards long, made fmall and fliar- pen'd at one end, and nick'd with deep nicks to take hold. When they fpye the Lobjler crawling upon the Sand in two fathom water, more or lefs, they flick him towards the head and bring him up. I have known thirty Lobjlers taken by an Indian lad in an hour and a half, thus they take Flouke and Lumps ; Clams they dig out of the Clam-banks upon the flats and in creeks when it is low water, where they are bedded [p. 141.] fometimes a yard deep one upon another, the beds a quarter of a mile in length, and lefs, the Alewives they take with Nets like a purfenet put upon a round hoop'd flick with a handle in frefli ponds where they come to fpawn. The Ba/s and Blew-fiJJi they take in harbours, and at the mouth of barr'd Rivers being in their Canozus, flriking them with a fifgig, a kind of dart or ftaff, to the lower end whereof they faften a ftiarp jagged bone (fmce they make them of Iron) with a ftring faftened to it, as foon as the fifli is ftruck they pull away the ftaff, leaving the bony head in the fifties body and faften the other end of the ftring to the Ca7tow : Thus they will hale after them to fliore half a
dozen
no Joffelyns Account of
dozen or half a fcore great fillies : this way they take Sturgeon ; and in dark evenings when they are upon the fifliing ground near a Bar of Sand (where the Sturgeon feeds upon fmall fifties (like Eats) that are called Lances fucking them out of the Sands where they lye hid, with their hollow Trunks, for other mouth they have none) the Indian lights a piece of dry Birch-Bark which breaks out into a flame & holds it over the fide of his Canow, the Sturgeon feeing this glaring light mounts to the Surface of the water where he is flain and taken with a fifgig. Salmons and Lajnpres [p. 142.] are catch'd at the falls of Rivers. All the Rivers of note in the Countrey have two or three defperate falls diftant one from another for fome miles, for it being rifing ground from the Sea and moun- tainous within land, the Rivers having their Originals from great lakes, and hafining to the Sea, in their paffage meeting with Rocks that are not fo eafily worn away, as the loofe earthie mould beneath the Rock, makes a fall of the water in fome Rivers as high as a houfe ; you would think it fi:range to fee, yea admire if you faw the bold Barbarians in their light Caiiows rufli down the fvvift and headlong ftream with defperate fpeed, but with excellent dexterity, guiding his Canow that feldom or never it fhoots under water, or overturns, if it do they can fwim natu- rally, firiking their pawes under their throat like a dog, and not spreading their Arms as we do ; they turn their Canow again and go into it in the water.
Their Merchandize are their beads, which are their money, of thefe there are two forts blew Beads and white Beads, the firfl is their Gold, the laft their Silver, thefe they work out of certain fhells fo cunningly that neither
yew
Two Voyages to New-England. 1 1 1
Jeiv nor Devil can counterfeit, they dril them and ftring them, and make many curious works with them to [p. 143.] adorn the perfons of their Sagamours and principal men and young women, as Belts, Girdles, Tablets, Bor- ders for their womens hair. Bracelets, Necklaces, and links to hang in their ears. Prince Phillip a little before I came for England coming to Bojlon had a Coat on and Buskins fet thick with thefe Beads in pleafant wild works and a broad Belt of the fame, his Accoutrements were valued at Twenty pounds. The EngliJJi Merchant giveth them ten fliillings a fathom for their white, and as much more or near upon for their blew Beads. Delicate fweet diflies too they make oi B ire hr Bark fowed with threads drawn from Spru/e or white Cedar-Roots, and garniflied on the out-fide with flouriflit works, and on the brims with gliftering quills taken from the Porcupine, and dyed, fome black, others red, the white are natural, thefe they make of all fizes from a dram cup to a difli containing a pottle, likewife Buckets to carry water or the like, large Boxes too of the fame materials, difhes, fpoons and trayes wrought very fmooth and neatly out of the knots of wood, baskets, bags, and matts woven with Sparke, bark of the Line-Tree and Ru/Jies of feveral kinds, dyed as before, fome black, blew, red, yellow, bags of PorcMpi7ie quills woven and dyed alfo ; Coats woven of [p. 144.] Turkie- feathers for their Children, Tobacco pipes of ftone with Imagerie upon them, Kettles o( Birchen-bark which they ufed before they traded with the French for Copper Ket- tles, by all which you may apparently fee that neceffity was at firfl the mother of all inventions. The women are the workers of mod of thefe, and are now, here and there
one
1 1 2 yoffelyns Account of
one excellent needle woman, and will milk a Cow neatly, their richefl trade are Furs of divers forts, Black Fox, Beaver, Otter, Bear, Sables, Mattrices, Fox, Wild-Cat, Rat- toons, Martins, MufquaJJt, Moo/e-skins.
Ships they have none, but do prettily imitate ours in their Birchen-pinnaces, their Cajiows are made of Birch, they fliape them with flat Ribbs of white Cedar, and cover them with large flieets of Birch-bark, fowing them through with ftrong threds of Sprufe-Roots or white Cedar, and pitch them with a mixture of Turpentine and the hard rofen that is dryed with the Air on the out-fide of the Bark of Firr-Trees. Thefe will carry half a dozen or three or four men and a confiderable fraight, in thefe they fwim to Sea twenty, nay forty miles, keeping from the fliore a league or two, fometimes to fhorten their voyage when they are to double a Cape they will put to fliore, and [p. 145.] two of them taking up the Canoiu carry it crofs the Cape or neck of land to the other flde, and to Sea again ; they will indure an incredible great Sea, mounting upon the working billowes like a piece of Corke ; but they require skilful hands to guide them in rough weather, none but the Indians fcarce dare to under- take it, fuch like Veffels the Ancient Brittains ufed, as Lucan relates.
Prhnum cana falix, madefaHo vimine, parvam Texitur in ptippim, ccB/oqtie induta juvenco, Veftoris patiens tumidum fuper emicat amnem.
Sic Venetus Jlag7iante Pado, fu/oque Britanus
Navigat oceano
When
Tivo Voyages to New-England. US
When Sicoris to his own banks rejlord
Had left the field, of tiuigs, and willow boord
They made fmall Boats, cover d with Bullocks hide,
In which they reacht the River's further fide.
So fail the Veneti if Padusy?bz£/,
The Brit tains fail on their calm ocean fo :
So the ALgyptians fail with woven Boats
Of paper rufJies in their ^^W.w.'s floats.
[p, 146.] Their Government is monarchical, the Patru- eius or they that defcend from the eldeft proceeding from his loyns, is the Roytelet of the Tribe, and if he have Daughters, his Son dying without a Son, the Government defcends to his Daughters Son : after the fame manner, their lands defcend. Cheetadaback was the chief Sachem or Roytelet of the Maffachufets, when the Englifli firft fet down there. Maffafoit, the great Sachem of the Plimouth Indians, his dwelling was at a place called Sowans, about four miles diftant from New-Plimouth. Safafacus was the chief Sachem of the Pequots, and Mientoniack of the Nar- raganfets. The chief Roytelet amongft the Mohazvks now living, is a Dutchmans Baftard, and the Roytelet now of the Poca7iakcts, that is the P limouth-Indians, is Prince Philip alias Metacon, the Grandfon of Maffafoit. Amongft the Eaftern Indians, Summerfant formerly was a famous Sachem. The now living Sachems of note are Sabacca- inan, Terrumkin and Robinhood.
Their Wars are with Neighbouring Tribes, but the
Mowhawks are enemies to all the other Indians, their
weapons of Defence and Offence are Bowes and Arrowes,
of late he is a poor Ltdian that is not [p. 147.] mafter of
' two
114 Joffelyns Account of
two Guns, which they purchafe of the French, and pow- der and fliot, they are generally excellent marks men ; their other weapons are Tamahawks which are ftaves two foot and a half long with a knob at the end as round as a bowl, and as big as that we call the Jack or Miftrifs. Lances too they have made (as I have faid before) with broken fword blades, like wife they have Hatchets and knives ; but thefe are weapons of a latter date. They colour their faces red all over, fuppofmg that it makes them the more terrible, they are lufty Souldiers to fee to and very ftrong, meer Hercules Riijlicufes, their fights are by Ambufliments and Surprifes, coming upon one an- other unawares. They will march a hundred miles through thick woods and fwamps to the Mowhawks Countrey, and the Mowhawks into their Countrey, meet- ing fometimes in the woods, or when they come into an Enemies Countrey build a rude fort with Pallizadoes, hav- ing loop-holes out of which they flioot their Arrowes, and fire their Guns, pelting at one another a w^ek or moneth together ; If any of them ftep out of the Fort they are in danger to be taken prifoners by the one fide or the other; that fide that gets the victory excoriats the hair-fcalp of the principal flain Enemies which [p. 148.] they bear away in Triumph, their prifoners they bring home, the old men and women they knock in the head, the young women they keep, and the men of war they torture to death as the Eaftern Indians did two Mowhawks whilfl I was there, they bind him to a Tree and make a great fire before him, then with fliarp knives they cut off the firft joynts of his fingers and toes, then clap upon them hot Embers to fear the vains ; fo they cut him a pieces joynt after
joynt.
Two Voyages to New-England. 1 1 5
joynt, ftill applying hot Embers to the place to ftanch the bloud, making the poor wretch to fing all the while ; when Arms and Legs are gone, they flay off the skin of their Heads, and prefently put on a Cap of burning Em- bers, then they open his breaft and take out his heart, which while it is yet living in a manner they give to their old Squaes, who are every one to have a bite