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ALLAN HANCOCK FOUNDATION,
PUBELOCATLONS
OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
First SERIES
PALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS
VOLUME 4 1938-1948
THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 1948
74 /™%
ALLAN HANCOCK "FOUNDA ETO PUBELCAT FOS
ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC (EXPEDITIONS
VoLUME 4 1938-1948
THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 1948
CONTENTS
Pe EAC OP a enc ee esta ee Sere re et so coat So snavenn teens secon ates Charles McLean Fraser (1872-1946)
ee OUME? 0) Of C2 C0) 0 Wa a Mma MER SBE ip roe oe PAP
Bibliographyfok mi Smp ape rs, ese eee cere ate estas ale ee est eee
List of Dr. Fraser’s new species in the five following papers and
RECOLASHO Luby PCy LOCAL EL CS meee eee ne ere eee
1. Hydroids of the 1934 Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition -......................-
2. Hydroids of the 1936 and 1937 Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions ....
3. Hydroids of the 1932, 1933, 1935, and 1938 Allan Hancock Pacific IES Xop eit OMS eee ca eee ee es
4, Distribution of the hydroids in the collections of the Allan Hancock Expeditions
5. Hydroids of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions since March, 1938
i-ili
1x-XV 1-106 107-128
129-154
155-178 179-336 337-343
REPORTS ON THE COLLECTIONS OBTAINED BY ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS OF VELERO III OFF THE COAST OF MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, AND GALA- PAGOS ISLANDS IN 1932, IN 1933, IN 1934, IN 1935, IN 1936, IN 1937, AND IN 1938.
HYDROIDS OF THE 1934 ALLAN HANCOCK PACTRIC EXPEDITION
By C. McLEAN FRASER
THe UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS ALLAN HANcocK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoLuME 4, NUMBER 1
IssUED AUGUST, 1938
THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS
Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
HYDROIDS OF THE 1934 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITION
(WirH FIFTEEN PLATES)
C. McLean FRASER
INTRODUCTION
An invitation to accompany the 1934 Hancock Expedition on VELERO i, to collect coelenterates, and more especially hydroids, in such an extensive virgin area, was gladly accepted.
In the ten weeks’ cruise opportunity was afforded to collect in the Revilla Gigedo Islands, the Galapagos Islands (where three weeks were spent), and the mainland coast from Guayaquil, Ecuador, to San Diego, California. The Gulf of California was not visited. Stops were made in 40 locations and collections were made at 161 stations, 104 of which were dredging stations.
In most of the area covered the sea bottom was suitable for coelen- terate growth, although at times it was rough enough to make dredging somewhat difficult. The coast of northern Ecuador and of Colombia, adjacent to the tropical rain forests, provided the main exception. For an undetermined distance off shore here the bottom is covered with such a fine silt or ooze that, in places, it would not trip the bottom sampler. In this area hydroids could be obtained only by dredging in shallow water over the surface of the reefs running out from shore. With the exception of this muddy area, less material in general was obtained from the same amount of effort in the oceanic area than from the mainland coast. This does not necessarily mean that the oceanic fauna is less rich. There have been so few soundings recorded in the oceanic area and there is so little information as to the nature of the bottom that dredging is much of a speculative procedure. The Mexico coast was particularly rich in hydroids. The best catch of the whole expedition was obtained just east of the islands off Navidad Head, at the entrance to Tenacatita Bay, where 44 species were obtained at the one station.
As the detailed geography of this region is not, in general, well known, it may be wise to give here a list of the locations where collec- tions were made, to avoid the necessity of giving the details in connec- tion with the distribution of the species.
td
Z ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
LocaTIONS
Revilla Gigedo Islands, 18° to 21° N., 106° to 115° W. Socorro Island In Braithwaite Bay, south shore Clarion Island, off south shore
Clipperton Island, 10°17’ N., 109°13’ W.
Galapagos Islands, between 2° N. and 2° S. and between 89° and 92° W. Wenman Island, off the northeast coast Narborough Island Lagoons near east coast Strait between Narborough and Albemarle islands Albemarle Island Albemarle Point to the northeast On west coast Banks Bay Reef about three miles north of agus Cove Tagus Cove | Christopher Point | On east coast Cartago Bay James Island James Bay on west coast Sulivan Bay to the northeast, between James and Bartholomew islands North Seymour Island, west coast South Seymour Island, west coast Indefatigable Island Academy Bay, south coast Strait between Indefatigable and Charles islands Charles Island Black Beach, west coast Postofiice Bay, northwest coast Chatham Island Stephens Bay, north coast Hood Island Gardner Bay, northeast coast, between Hood and Gardner islands
No. | FRASER: HYDROIDS 3
Ecuador Santa Elena Bay, 80 miles north of the mouth of the Guayas River La Plata Island, 14 miles off the coast San Francisco Bay, near the northern boundary
Colombia Gorgona Island, 24 miles off coast Cabita Bay Port Utria
Panama Jicaron Island Jicarita Island Between Medidor and Pacora islands Pacora Island Bahia Honda Secas Islands
Costa Rica Port Culebra South Viradores Islands
Mexico
Tangola-Tangola and Santa Cruz bays
Petatlan Bay White Friars Islands, at entrance Off Morro de Petatlan
Tenacatita Bay Off ‘Tenacatita Point bute East of islands off Navidad Head tite Off Navidad Head
Isabel Island, 1734 miles from mainland coast ol
West coast of Lower California Santa Maria Bay Vhurloe Point South Bay, Cerros Island
As the facilities for dredging were particularly good, as the condi- tions under which the work was done were nearly always favorable, and as all material was sorted the day it was collected, most of the specimens were preserved in very good condition and many were saved that, under less favorable conditions, might have disintegrated past
4 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
recognition. This applies particularly to gymnoblastic species, some of which deteriorate so readily. The excellence and the extent of the col- lection are worthy of comment.
In the text, the distribution within the area is given for all species. All new species, as well as all of those in which the gonosome has been observed for the first time, are described and figured. In referring to species already described, notation is made of the original description and in many cases, another reference to a paper in which the descrip- tion, the figure, or the synonymy is given more fully. No attempt has been made to give a complete synonymy.
I am indebted to my wife and to Miss Ursula Dale, an Honors student in Zoology in the University of British Columbia, for the draw- ing of the figures used. These figures show the same magnification throughout—20 diameters.
To Captain G. Allan Hancock, who financed the expedition and provided the facilities and who, with the Chief Officer, W. Charles Swett, was tireless in doing everything possible in the way of arrange- ment to make the expedition a success, to the other biologists on board, W. L. Schmitt, H. W. Manter, W. R. Taylor, J. Garth, and F. Ziesenhenne, who were always on the lookout for useful material, and to all the other officers and men in the ship’s company, who lost no opportunity to give assistance, I am under great obligation, which I am happy to be able to recognize at this time.
DIsTRIBUTION
Of the 173 species listed, 73 are described as new, and in 5 other species the gonosome has been observed for the first time. One new genus is introduced.
Of the 100 species previously described, 77, 77%, have been re- ported from the North Atlantic; 52, 52%, from the eastern Pacific coast of Canada and the United States; and 13, 13%, from the southern portion of the eastern Pacific and from the waters adjacent to the southern tip of South America. Thirty-seven species have been reported from both the Atlantic and the North Pacific, 40 species from the At- lantic but not from the North Pacific, but only 15 from the North Pacific and not from the Atlantic. Of the 15, 7 were obtained from the oceanic area, two of which were from this area only; 12 were obtained from the coast of Mexico, 8 of these from the west coast of Lower
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 5
California only; and only one from the mainland coast south of south- east Mexico.
Of the 13 species that have been reported from South America far- ther south than the area under consideration, 10 are cosmopolitan, one, Plumularia magellanica, was obtained from Black Beach, Charles Is- land, the station nearest to the Humbolt current, and another, Obelia obtusidens, from Santa Elena Bay, the most southerly location at which collections were made. The remaining species, Si/icularia pedunculata, has been previously reported only from South Georgia. Why it should appear near Secas Islands, Panama, is difficult to understand.
For the purpose of further studying the intrinsic distribution, the area covered may be somewhat arbitrarily divided into three portions: Division A, to include all the stations near the oceanic islands; Divi- sion B, to include the mainland coast south of Balboa; Division C, to include the mainland coast north and west of Balboa.
Seventy-eight species were obtained in Division A, 60 in Division B, and 115 in Division C. Eighteen species were found in each of the three divisions; 2, in A and B only; 22, in A and C only; 21, in B and C only; 35, in A only; 20, in B only; and 55, in C only.
The distribution of species in the whole area, with the possible exception of the northern portion of the coast of Lower California, indicates strong affinities between the hydroid fauna here and that in the North Atlantic, more particularly in the West Indian area. There is evidence of some continuity of distribution in the California-Lower California area but practically no indication of such continuity at the southern extremity.
The species found in this area and in the West Indian region must be old species, existing as such since the earlier geological period when, in the Panama region, there was no interruption in the distribution from the Atlantic to the Pacific and vice versa. This long period of separa- tion has given the opportunity for the evolution of the great number of new species, indicated by the number described in this paper.
In the area itself, the indication is that there is little interference to distribution along the whole length of the mainland coast, or between the oceanic division and the northwestern division of the mainland coast, but close association is lacking between the hydroids of the oceanic area and those of the coast of Ecuador and Colombia.
In passing northward along the west coast of Lower California, the most decided break in continuity of distribution in both fauna and
6 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. +
flora appears to be in the vicinity of TThurloe Point. There the large kelps, so characteristic of the coasts of the United States and Canada, make their first striking appearance, and other species appear, coinci- dent with these.
In the collection, the various families are specifically represented as
follows:
SPECIES DISTRIBUTION BY FAMILIES
Number of Number of Family species obtained new species Clavidae 5 4 Tubidendridae 1 1 Corynidae 8 3 Atractylidae 8 4+ Eudendridae 9 3 Hydractinidae 9 8 Pennaridae 1 —_— Cladocorynidae 1 — Tubularidae 4+ 3 Bonneviellidae 1 1 Campanularidae 39 14 Campanulinidae 4 2 Halecidae 18 7 Hebellidae 3 1 Lafoeidae + 2 Synthecidae + 3 Sertularidae 22 6 Plumularidae 32 11 TOTAL 173 73
As compared with the hydroid fauna of the Pacific coast of Canada and the United States, the percentage of gymnoblastic species is high, both in the complete list and in the list of new species (46 species, 26 new). Among the calyptoblastic families, the percentage of the Sertu- laridae is low, except in the genus Sertularia, and that of the Plumu- laridae is high. There are no representatives of the genera, Selaginopsis and Abietinaria and only two species of Thuiaria, all of which are common in the more northern waters. Except in the Gymnoblastea and in one or two of the smaller families of Calyptoblastea, in which the number of new species is high, there is much the same percentage of new species throughout.
——
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 7
To indicate the distribution of the species in detail a table is given herewith to show the species in each area or division as well as the more general distribution to which reference has been made above.
DISTRIBUTION TABLE
outh of North of North Species Div. A | Div. B | Div. C | Div. B | Div.C |Atlantic
@laway pai yaicctcecneetre eee x Corydendrium flabellatum..... x ebbiclavallaxal-=-ceee ee x Tubiclava triserialis............... De Turritopsis nutricula......... cee x x Ballea’ tnnesulla nis icc --c¢---------02 x Coryne pusillasee x MEpeMsea see eee eee, x Gorynitis: avassizite..-- =. x x Eugemmaria dendritica.......... x Gemmaria costata-...-.-..-..---. x gemmosa................ x Syncoryne flexibilis................. x morna Diss se * x Bimeria \pracilisi 2.2 x x Paxcaie ce ea x PY Lacan ae tenellan << 234. x WeSti taser 2 eee x x Bougainvillia crassa_.............. x Perigonimus repens................. x x x TODUStUS!.----2--+---< x Eudendrium breve................... x capillare............. x Carneum=—-..02-. x x certicaule........... De xi Puum........----- nodosum............- ramosum...........- x x tenellum =... x x tenu e258 ane 5.8 x Hydractinia carolinae............. x disjuncta. x epispongia.......... x hancocki=-2:..--— x longispina.......... x multispina.......... x polycarpas....c-s-.2
quadrigemina....
8 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
South of \North of | North
Species Div. A | Div. B | Div. C | Div. B | Div. C |Atlantic
Podocoryne reticulata............. Xe Pennariastiarella=— x os x x x Cladocoryne pelagica.............. x x x abi ulaniays pee ee x
Crocean.s star x x x x x
integra x x
su aaa a | x Bonneviella minot................... x Campanularia emarginata..... x
flexuosa........... x
microthecas2 24
hincksi 2 2 x x G urceolata......... x x volubilis_....... x: x x x Clytia acutidentata................... x x attenuata.c....-..... = x x carinadentata x coronatas== ed x x cCylingricas =. = x x x De edwardsiee ss xe x a x fascicularise=-s---= x x qnconspicuas-— x x x x IErecularige2 2-22 5.. x JObNStonizes= x x x: x kincaid x x x x longicyatha= =... x x x x longitheca 2.2 x >< multidentatas 2. x Raricentatas =e oe a x x x Serlataes ee aes ee x Eucopellavevertas=--..---—— x x TMINOT eee ee x Gonothyraea clarki__............ x x IP EACIIS nee x x x x x Senialise x Obélia alternata 222 a articulata = x commissuralis.............. x x x dichotomal-..- = 5.- x x x x: equilateralis. 2: x enieulataeess eee x x x yall ince eee x x x x plicata aaa x xX x x CenuiSee seo eee ee x x
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 9
South of | North of North Div. A | Div. B | Div. C | Div. B | Div. C | Atlantic x
x
Species
Silicularia pedunculata...........
Campanulina ramosa.............- x
Cuspidella humilis................... x
Lovenella nodosa................--.--
PLOGUC EAs nes eeeees x
Endothecium reduplicatum...
Halecium articulosum............. x beanies: eee eee x bermudense............- x corrugatum............. fasciculatum........... flabellatum:...--.-22.-:: X gracile eee x x halecimum:.. 22222: x x x x Insolens!2= 2-- x fae Wa Up eae een x x regulare x tenellum x x x x tOntui se ee x SU jel eT) Sea teen x x washingtoni............ x x
Ophiodissa’ laxa-=- 22 x
negligens...............| Hebellajicalearata::----—... = x x Scandia (corrugata!.—-.. = x mutabilis=— ees x x
Filellum serpens......................- x | x x
Lafoea intermedia.................... x
Lictorella adhaerens................
CeEVICOnnIS:2.----— x
Synthecium gracile.................. x x x
projectum:.......-.-.. | xo Pista wines ee x x symmetricum........ x x
Diphasia’ paarmanit.-.-----2--= x x
Pasya quadridentata............... x x x x
Sertularella ampullacea.......... x X
CONICAL x x x x x @xiligie sok x
formosa. x x x fusiformis............ x x x iN Clg2 oe nee ee x
LUCOSa eee eee x x x x tenellas = x x x x x EUG D1 aes eee x x
10 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4 | |
South of |North of| North Div. A | Div.B Div. C | Div. B | Div. C |Atlantic Sertularia’ anceps] === x xe cormicinal. === desmoides
Species
x
exo uae eee Purcatae si s' oF - Mayer es Stookeyass ne x Viersluysiee eee x x huraria, simplexts..
ta 4H ww KW WK Ow 4
tal
ca
tubuliformis............ x x Aglaophenia diegensis............ > eta inconspicua........ x
compactase =
a
Sraciligne see x Antennularia alternata_......... x irregularis........ tetraseriata....... x Cladocarpus ‘tertus:..2
Plumularia acutifrons............. DiC athe kes alternatas. 2 =). x x biarmatas 2
Diplocheilus allmani............. Lytocarpus philippinus........... Monostaechas quadridens...... x corrugata=:---- defectans:2..2
x x x % x x delicatas=ssssees x Altet ate eee eee x flonidanas sss x x INEGNNS = eee lagenifera............ x x magellanica......... x marearetta._...- x x propinqua............ x SCCACCaliieeeececcseeece x x x SINWOSAs eee x Schizotricha tenella................. x x Streptocaulis pulcherrimus x x
bs a a Og
a i a a 4 AH KM WK
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS id
SysTEMATIC DiIscUSSION
There is no necessity of saying much in the way of general discus- sion under this heading. Some changes have been made in nomenclature since early papers were published but nearly all of these have been introduced in more recent papers hence further reference is not necessary as far as they are concerned. There is one additional change. On ac- count of priority difficulties, the genus Pasythea becomes Pasya, the name introduced by Stechow.
One new genus, Eugemmaria, is introduced that bears enough re- semblance to Gemmaria to justify the name.
Suborder GYMNOBLASTEA
Family Clavidae Genus CLAVA
Clava parva, new species Plate 1, Fig. 1
Trophosome.—Solitary, scattered zooids arising from a thin encrus- tation on a gastropod shell; no stolon showing superficially; zooids small, 2 mm. high; tentacles about 20 in number, scattered, but leaving a considerable portion around the mouth free.
Gonosome.—Sporosacs in a single compact cluster, surrounding the hydrocaulis immediately below the proximal tentacles.
Distribution.—Jicarita Island, 30 fathoms. This is an unusual depth in which to find Clava, which is commonly littoral.
Genus CORYDENDRIUM
PCorydendrium flabellatum, new species Plate 1, Fig. 2
Trophosome.—Colony coarse, flabellate, fascicled, 6 cm.; the irregu- larly placed branches are much more slender than the main stem. The coenosarc fills but a small portion of the perisarcal tubes, that go to form the fascicle. The free portion of the tube that passes out to the base of the hydranth is long and gradually curved outward from the stem or branch. This tube is very coarse, 0.4 mm. in diameter. The hydranth is stout with 20-24 tentacles.
12 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Gonosome.—Not observed. Distribution—Off Secas Islands, 25 fathoms; east of islands oft Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms; off Isabel Island, 10-25 fathoms.
Genus TUBICLAVA Tubiclava laxa, new species Plate 1, Fig. 3
Trophosome.—A colony consists of numerous individual zooids growing out singly from a crust on the surface of gastropod shells; no stoloniferous network shows at the surface. The zooids are protected by a heavy, loose-fitting tube, reaching to the base of the hydranth; this tube may have numerous sand grains embedded in it. In the nutritive zooids, this tube has a maximum length of 35 mm.; it is nearly tubular or, in some cases, slightly tapering from tip to base. The hydranth is clavate, with 12-14 scattered tentacles.
Gonosome.—The tube of the generative zooid is short, less than 1 mm., but of much the same diameter as that of the nutritive zooid. The sporosacs are closely crowded on the blastostyle; there may be as many as 20 of them.
Distribution—Tangola-T angola, near shore, 15-20 fathoms.
PTubiclava triserialis, new species Plate 1, Fig. 4 Trophosome.—Zooids arising singly from a loosely reticular stolon to a height of about 3 mm.; the uncovered hydranth is three eighths of the total length. It is short and stoutly clavate with 20-24 tentacles arranged rather definitely in three closely placed series. The perisarcal tube, which is smooth, is thin but distinct. Gonosome.—Not observed. Distribution—On coral, exposed at low tide, along the shore of Braithwaite Bay. Genus TURRITOPSIS Turritopsis nutricula McCrady Oceania nutricula McCrapy, Proc. Elliott Soc., 1859, pp. 55-90. Turritopsis nutricula McCrapy, ibid., p. 127. Fraser, Hydroids of Beaufort, 1912, p. 345. Distribution—On sponges associated with solitary corals, exposed at low tide, on the north shore of Tagus Cove; Gorgona Island, on coral, at low tide; South Viradores Island, 8-10 fathoms.
No. | FRASER: HYDROIDS 13
Family ‘Tubidendridae Genus BALEA
Balea irregularis, new species Plate 1, Fig. 5
Trophosome.—Colony fascicled, 6 cm. in length, with few irregu- larly placed branches, much more slender than the main stem. Some of the tubes have naked coenosarc for at least a portion of their length. The hydranths appear on the branches only, growing from short hydro- phores that are sessile on two of the tubes, one on each side of the branch; these are very irregularly arranged, sometimes quite isolated, sometimes with two in succession forming a definite pair, sometimes, on the distal portion of the branches, more segregated. ‘The hydranth and its pedicel, both stout, are without visible perisarc, about 2 mm. long.
There are two sets of filiform tentacles, the proximal, having the appearance of being reduced in size and number (4), well separated from the distal set of 10-12 well-developed tentacles.
The sarcostyles are numerous on the main stem and the branches.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution—Dredged in the open passage between Indefatigable and Charles islands, 65-70 fathoms.
This species bears much resemblance to Balea mirabilis Nutting; the most noticeable difference is in the nature of the proximal tentacles.
Family Corynidae Genus CORYNE Coryne pusilla Gaertner
Coryne pusilla GAERTNER, Pall. Spicil. Zool., I, Fasc. 10, 1774, p. 40. Hincxs, British Hydroid Zoophytes, 1868, p. 39.
Distribution—South Bay, Cerros Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Coryne repens, new species Plate 1, Fig. 6
Trophosome.—Colony consisting mainly of individual hydroids arising from a creeping stolon that does not form any definite network over its support; the stolon is somewhat wavy but seldom distinctly
14 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
annulated. The hydranths appear on pedicels that may be as short as the hydranths themselves; the pedicels are distinctly annulated through quite a portion of their length. Occasionally branching takes place, in which case the main stem becomes more elongated. he hydranths are large, up to 2 mm. in length, with numerous rather slender capitate tentacles, quite evenly scattered over the whole surface.
Gonosome.—The sporosacs appear between the tentacles near the base of the hydranth.
Distribution.—Creeping over coralline at low tide, on Black Beach.
This species bears some resemblance to Coryne crassa Fraser, but is not so much inclined to branch. The hydranth is not so stout and the tentacles are more numerous and much more slender.
Genus CORYNITIS Corynitis agassizii McCrady Corynitis agassiziti McCrapy, Gymno. Charleston Har., 1859, p. 30.
Distribution—On sponge at low tide, Wenman Island; Jicaron Island, 30 fathoms.
Genus EUGEMMARIA, new genus
Trophosome.—Zooids, like those of Gemmaria, grow from a strongly dendritic, reticular, or vesicular, chitinous support, which evidently is part of the colony.
Gonosome.—Gonophores produce sporosacs.
Eugemmaria dendritica, new species Plate 2, Fig. 7
Trophosome.—Colony reaching a height of 7 cm., strongly branched, commonly dichotomously, the branched colony being almost as broad as it is high. The chitinous portion seems to be made of tube-like struc- tures with cross partitions. The hydranths look like those of Gemmaria gemmosa; sessile, elongate when extended, with numerous short, strongly capitate tentacles arranged in more or less regular whorls.
Gonosome.—Globular or oval sporosacs, with very short pedicels, spring from the framework without regularity of position or definite relation to the nutritive zooids; greatest length 0.4 mm.
Distribution—White Friars Islands, 25 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 15
Genus GEMMARIA Gemmaria costata (Gegenbaur)
Zanclea costata GEGENBAUR, Zeit. fiir Wissen. Zool., Bd. VIII, 1856, p22):
Gemmaria costata MAYER, The Hydromedusae, I, 1910, p. 49.
Distribution—On coral at low tide, Braithwaite Bay.
Gemmaria gemmosa McCrady Gemmaria gemmosa McCrapy, Gymno. Charleston Har., 1859, p. 49.
Distribution—On sponge from reef north of Tagus Cove; on gas- tropod shell, Gardner Bay, 25-35 fathoms; Port Utria, 15-20 fathoms.
Anna B. Hastings has reported a species, Zanclea protecta, (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5), X, 1930, pp. 552-560), from James Bay, James Island, from Gorgona Island, and from Taboga Island, but it has not been observed in this collection.
Genus SYNCORYNE
Syncoryne flexibilis, new species Plate 2, Fig. 8
Trophosome.—Zooids growing singly from a creeping stolon; long and slender, reaching a height of 20 mm. but varying much in height; perisarc thin, hence the pedicel is not rigid; no annulations. Hydranths large, with 50 or more tentacles, more crowded than usual.
Gonosome.—Medusa-buds thickly clustered above the proximal ten- tacles.
Distribution—Gorgona Island, 20 fathoms; Port Utria, on coral at low tide, in 20 fathoms and in 40 fathoms; Jicaron Island, 15 fath- oms; Secas Islands, 15 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
Syncoryne mirabilis (L. Agassiz)
Coryne mirabilis L. Acassiz, Cont. Nat. Hist. U.S., IV, 1862, p. 185. Syncoryne mirabilis FRAsER, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 114.
Distribution—Wenman Island; north shore of Tagus Cove; Black Beach; all at low tide.
16 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Family Atractylidae Genus BIMERIA
Bimeria gracilis Clark
Bumeria gracilis CLarK, Hyd. of Pacific Coast, 1876, p. 252. Frasrr, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 115.
Distribution —James Bay, 50-70 fathoms; Bahia Honda, low tide; South Viradores Islands, 8-10 fathoms; north of White Friars Islands, 5-10 fathoms; Isabel Island, 10-25 fathoms.
PBimeria laxa, new species Plate 2, Fig. 9
Trophosome.—Colonies, reaching a height of 6 cm., are fascicled in an unusual manner; there is one central tube much larger than the peripheral tubes that cover it loosely, so that much of it is exposed; this applies not only to the main stem but to the main branches, that are few in number and irregularly arranged. Short, slender branches or branchlets are given off irregularly from the main stem as well as from the branches, at an acute angle; the pedicels are short and wrinkled but not distinctly annulated. ‘The portion of the perisarc that surrounds the base of the hydranth is rugose; hydranth small, with 9-10 tentacles.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution—Academy Bay, 17-22 fathoms.
PBimeria pygmaea, new species Plate 2, Fig. 10
Trophosome.—Minute, solitary zooids, 0.4 mm. high, grow at quite regular intervals from a linear stolon, which has scarcely any branches. The perisarc on the pedicel, as well as that which grows over the base of the hydranth, is wrinkled. Tentacles 10-12.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution—Santa Elena Bay, 8-12 fathoms.
Bimeria tenella Fraser
Bimeria tenella Fraser, California hydroids, 1925, p. 168. Distribution—In outer Cartago Bay, 32 fathoms.
No. l FRASER: HYDROIDS 17
Bimeria vestita Wright
Bimeria vestita Wricut, Edinburgh N.P. Jour. (N.S.), 1859, p. 109. Hincks, British Hyd. Zoophytes, 1868, p. 103.
Distribution—San Francisco Bay, 2 fathoms; east of islands off
Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
Genus BOUGAINVILLIA Bougainvillia crassa, new species Plate 3, Fig. 11
Trophosome.—Stem coarse, fascicled, reaching a height of 6 cm.; branches slender as compared with the stem, some of them fascicled in the proximal portion; large branches somewhat regularly arranged, with smaller branches between less regularly placed; ultimate branch- lets numerous, giving the whole colony a flabellate appearance. Stem, branches, and branchlets somewhat wrinkled but not annulated. Hy- dranths small, with 8-10 tentacles.
Gonosome.—Medusa-buds appear singly, attached by short pedicels to the ultimate branchlets.
Distribution—Santa Elena Bay, at low tide, in 7-8 fathoms and in 10-12 fathoms; Port Culebra, 3-10 fathoms; Tangola-Tangola, 15-20 fathoms.
Genus PERIGONIMUS Perigonimus repens (Wright) Eudendrium repens WRiGHT, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh, 1858, p. 448. Atractylis repens WRIGHT, ibid., p. 450. Perigonimus repens Fraser, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 120.
Distribution —Off Clipperton Island, 65 fathoms; Tagus Cove, 10-18 fathoms and in 70 fathoms; Post Office Bay, 10-15 fathoms; Cartago Bay, 8-12 fathoms; between Charles and Indefatigable islands, 60 fathoms; Gardner Bay, 25-35 fathoms; Santa Elena Bay, 10-12 fathoms; Port Culebra, 3-10 fathoms; Isabel Island, 10-25 fathoms; Santa Maria Bay, 10 fathoms.
PPerigonimus robustus, new species Plate 3, Fig. 12 Trophosome.—Colony slender, unbranched, reaching a height of 60 mm. Stem continuous throughout but not very straight or rigid;
18 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
annulated or wavy throughout the whole length. Zooids given off irregularly from all sides of the stem, the pedicel of each making an acute angle with the stem; pedicel increases in diameter as it passes out so that the distal portion bears some resemblance to a hydrotheca; annulations or wrinkles close together in the proximal half or two thirds, farther apart in the distal portion. Hydranth with 9-10 tentacles.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution—Petatlan Bay, 5-10 fathoms; Isabel Island, 10-25 fathoms.
This species looks much unlike any other species of Perigonimus that has been described, especially as regards size, but it seems to fit better with this genus than elsewhere and without the gonosome it cannot be placed more definitely. It is just possible that if the gono- some were known it might be necessary to place it in a new genus.
Family Eudendridae Genus EUDENDRIUM
Eudendrium breve, new species Plate 3, Fig. 13
Trophosome.—Individual zooids arising singly from an irregularly reticulate stolon, the hydranth with its pedicel reaching a height of 2 mm.; stolon smooth; pedicel smooth, slightly wrinkled or with few irregular annulations. Hydranths conspicuous with about 20 tentacles.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution——Black Beach, low tide.
‘This species has a more extensive and more closely reticulate stolon than E. tenellum. It is not so slender as compared with the length of the pedicel as this species is, and the individual zooids are much more closely placed on the stolon. There were no gonophores of either sex on any of the colonies obtained.
Eudendrium capillare Alder
Eudendrium capillare ALDER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), XVIII, 1856; ‘p. 35). Fraser, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 122.
Distribution—Pacora Island, 15-25 fathoms; Secas Islands, 25 fathoms.
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 19
Eudendrium carneum Clarke
Eudendrium carneum CLARKE, Hyd. of Chesapeake Bay, 1882, p. 137. Fraser, Beaufort Hyd., 1912, p. 349.
Disiribution—South of Clarion Island, 50 fathoms; James Bay, 20 fathoms; between Charles and Indefatigable islands, 60 fathoms; San Francisco Bay, 2 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
Eudendrium certicaule, new species Plate 3, Fig. 14
Trophosome.—Colony erect, reaching a length of 6 cm. The main stem is simple, straight, definitely continuous throughout the whole length of the colony, more markedly so than is commonly the case in this genus. The branches, alternate but not very regularly arranged, make a wide angle with the stem; the branchlets of the pedicels are similarly arranged on the branches. Few or no annulations on the main stem, 2-4 at the bases of the branches, branchlets, and pedicels. Hy- dranths with 15 or 16 tentacles.
Gonosome.—Male gonophores, single-chambered, form a loose series around the base of the hydranth, that is not aborted. Female gono- phores form a series of 3 or 4 around the base of the hydranth, which is not aborted.
Distribution—lIn the channel between Narborough and Albemarle islands, 70 fathoms; James Bay, 30-50 fathoms; between Charles and Indefatigable islands, 60 fathoms.
Eudendrium exiguum Allman Eudendrium exiguum ALLMAN, Hyd. of the Gulf Stream, 1877, p. 6.
Distribution—Gorgona Island, on coral at low tide.
Eudendrium nodosum, new species Plate 4, Fig. 15
Trophosome.—Colonies slender, 35 mm. high; branching irregular, one or two primary branches commonly giving rise to the hydranth pedicels directly and these may all be on the one side of the branch;
20 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
hydranths also arising from the main stem; stem and main branches scarcely annulated, although there may be nodes at infrequent intervals. Pedicels with one or more annulations or wrinkles, at no definite loca- tion on the pedicel. Hydranth with about 20 tentacles. Gonosome.—Not observed. Distribution—Santa Elena Bay, 10 fathoms.
Eudendrium ramosum (Linn.)
Tubularia ramosa LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 1767, p. 1302. Eudendrium ramosum Hincxs, British Hyd. Zoophytes, 1868, p. 82.
Distribution—Post Office Bay, on coral at low tide and in 8-10 fathoms; Bahia Honda, 15-25 fathoms; Secas Islands, 15 fathoms; Tangola-~Tangola, 15-20 fathoms; north of White Friars, 25 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms; Isabel Island, 10-25 fathoms; Santa Maria Bay, 35-40 fathoms; Thurloe Point, 8-10 fathoms.
Eudendrium tenellum Allman
Eudendrium tenellum ALLMAN, Hyd. of the Gulf Stream, 1877, p.8. Fraser, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 123.
Distribution—Off Wenman Island, 100-150 fathoms; in channel between Narborough and Albemarle islands, 70 fathoms; between Charles and Indefatigable islands, 120 fathoms; Gardner Bay, 25-35 fathoms; San Francisco Bay, 2 fathoms; Gorgona Island, 20 fathoms; Bahia Honda, 15-25 fathoms; Tangola-Tangola, 15-20 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
Eudendrium tenue A. Agassiz
Eudendrium tenue A. Acassiz, N. A. Acalephae, 1865, p. 160. Nuttinc, Hyd. Woods Hole, 1901, p. 333. Distribution—South of Clarion Island, 50 fathoms; Tagus Cove,
30 fathoms; Black Beach, near shore; north of White Friars, 5-10 fathoms.
No. l FRASER: HYDROIDS 2)
Family Hydractinidae Genus HYDRACTINIA Hydractinia carolinae Fraser Hydractinia carolinae FRAsER, Beaufort Hyd., 1912, p. 351.
Distribution—South Viradores Islands, 8-10 fathoms; ‘Tangola- Tangola, 15-20 fathoms.
Hydractinia disjuncta, new species Plate 4, Fig. 16
Trophosome.—Nutritive zooids small, with 10-12 tentacles, scat- tered over the surface of a gastropod shell, inhabited by a hermit crab.
Gonosome.—Female generative zooids much smaller than the nutri- tive, with the tentacles short and only four or five in number; sparsely scattered throughout the colony. Sporosacs single or in pairs, opposite (these may not be at the same stage of development), arising about half way from the base to the tentacles; ova 6-8 in number.
Male zooids not observed.
Other zooids—No dactylozooids or sensory zooids. The spines are quite numerous; they may be almost as high as the generative zooids; smooth, slightly curved to a blunt point.
Distribution—Jicarita Island, 30 fathoms; Port Culebra, 3-10 fathoms.
Hydractinia epispongia, new species Plate 4, Fig. 17
Trophosome.—Colony growing over a dense calcareous sponge; nutritive zooids small, the most extended 0.6 mm. long, with 7 or 8 tentacles.
Gonosome.—Male generative zooids shorter and much more slender than the nutritive; without tentacles but the distal end much swollen, made up largely of batteries of nematocysts. Sporosacs of different sizes appear on the basal half; sometimes these are distinctly pedicellate; up to 5 in number.
Female zooids were not observed.
Other zooids.—Zooids like the generative zooids but without sporo- sacs are numerous in some areas. Whether they, or any of them, remain
22 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
purely offensive and defensive zooids (spiral zooids) there was no means of telling from the specimens.
Spines—There were no spines. The individual zooids fit into cavi- ties in the sponge skeleton and apparently need no further protection of that nature.
Distribution.—East of the islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
Hydractinia hancocki, new species Plate 4, Fig. 18
Trophosome.—Colonies growing on small-ribbed gastropod shells, with the basal coenosarc forming a loose network, the meshes fitting into the sulci of the shell. There are no definite spines; sometimes closely crowded, there are brown spheroidal bodies, looking like the basal bodies of real spines. In some colonies, however, none of these was observed. The nutritive zooids are slender, reaching a height of 1.8 mm. The tentacles are few in number, 12-16, arranged in one irregular series.
Gonosome.—The generative zooids are smaller than the nutritive, and the tentacles are reduced in number, commonly 4. The male gono- phores vary in number, up to 7, placed some distance proximal to the tentacles, not in a regular series. The female sporosacs are placed simi- larly to those in the male and are even more irregular in position. The ova are few, with 6 as a maximum.
Other zooids—None observed.
Distribution—Black Beach, at low tide; Post Office Bay, 12-15 fathoms; Stephens Bay, 32 fathoms; west of South Seymour Island, 5 fathoms; Sulivan Bay, 6 fathoms; Cartago Bay, 8-12 fathoms; between Charles and Indefatigable islands, 60 fathoms; Gardner Bay, 20 fathoms.
Hydractinia longispina, new species Plate 4, Fig. 19
Trophosome.—Colony growing from a basal coenosarc, consisting of a close network from which arise several elongated spines. The nutri- tive zooids are long, 3 mm., but rather slender, with numerous (30 or more) long, slender tentacles, not definitely arranged in series.
Gonosome.—The generative zooids are but slightly reduced in size, if at all; the number of tentacles varies but there is seldom more than half of the number found on the nutritive zooids. The sporosacs are
No. l FRASER: HYDROIDS 23
situated about midway up on the hydrocaulis. The male sporosacs are few, arranged in an irregular series. The large female sporosacs are much more numerous in a somewhat irregularly crowded series; the ova in each sporosac are numerous, but because the sporosacs are so large the ova are still quite large.
Other zocids——None observed.
Spines—The elongated spines or, more properly speaking, tubes, since they do not seem to be closed at the slightly tapered distal end, are smooth, 1.5 mm. long; some of them shorter, seem to be broken off.
Distribution—Tagus Cove, 10-18 fathoms; Post Office Bay, 8-10 fathoms.
Hydractinia multispina, new species Plate 4, Fig. 20
Trophosome.—Large colonies growing from basal ccenosarc, made up of a network so close that it is practically continuous. The nutritive zooids are large for the genus, as much as 3.5 mm. long when con- tracted. The tentacles are numerous, 36, in two quite definite series.
Gonosome.—Although colonies were obtained from four localities, they were all female. The generative zooids are somewhat smaller than the nutritive, and the tentacles are reduced in number, 12-15. The sporosacs are few, 4 or 5, attached just proximal to the tentacles, with a few, not more than 8, eva in each.
Other z<ooids.—None observed.
Spines.—From the coenosarcal base arise numerous smooth spines, nearly cylindrical but tapering slightly to a blunt tip, most of them about 0.6 mm. in length but some of them slightly longer.
Distribution——On large shells between Charles and Indefatigable islands, 60 fathoms; Post Office Bay, 10 fathoms and 12-15 fathoms; Black Beach, low tide.
Hydractinia polycarpa, new species Plate 5, Fig. 21
Trophosome.—Nutritive zooids in greatest extension 1.8 mm., with 8-10 tentacles.
Gonosome.—Female generative zooids, shorter, 1.0 mm., and more slender than the nutritive zooids; no tentacles; the distal end is some- what swollen and is well provided with nematocysts; the swollen end is much darker than the rest of the zooid, a dark brown, almost a
24 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
black, in some of the preserved specimens. Sporosacs numerous, as many as 10, forming a dense cluster around the distal half of the zooid; 2 to 4 ova in each sporosac.
No male specimens were obtained.
Other zooids.—Dactylozooids numerous, forming almost a continu- ous row in some places at the margin of the colony.
Spines.—Spines are numerous, rather small, slender, tapering to the point, slightly rough at the margins.
Distribution—Santa Elena Bay, 7-12 fathoms.
Hydractinia quadrigemina, new species Plate 5, Fig. 22
Trophosome.—Colony growing on the surface of a gastropod shell; largest nutritive zooids 2.5 mm., with 15 or 16 tentacles.
Gonosome.—Female generative zooids somewhat smaller than the nutritive, with tentacles well developed but not numerous, 6-8. Usually there is but one sporosac, although a small one may appear opposite the fully developed one, a short distance below the base of the tentacles. Sporosacs large, spherical, with four large ova.
No male specimens observed.
Other zooids——None observed.
Spines.—The spines are conspicuous but not very numerous; they may reach a length of nearly 1.0 mm.; smooth, tapering very gradually, slightly curved.
Distribution—Off Isabel Island, 10-25 fathoms.
Genus PODOCORYNE
Podocoryne reticulata, new species Plate 5, Fig. 23
Trophosome.—tIndividual zooids arise from a stolon that follows the groove between successive whorls in the shell of a gastropod; the whorls are ribbed and cross connections of the stolon lie almost entirely in the sulcus formed by the ribbing. The nutritive zooids are small, about 0.7 mm., with 10-12 tentacles.
Gonosome.—The generative zooids are but little smaller than the nutritive zooids and the number of tentacles is but slightly reduced, 6 or 7. The medusa-buds are borne just below the tentacles; there is
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 25
commonly but one bud to a zooid, but often two, seldom more. Occa- sionally a bud is borne directly on the stolon.
Other zooids——None observed. No spines.
Distribution—Santa Elena Bay, 8-12 fathoms.
The protection given by the ribbing of the shell makes the usual calcareous deposits on the stolon unnecessary.
Family Pennaridae Genus PENNARIA Pennaria tiarella McCrady
Pennaria tiarella McCrapy, Gymnoph. of Charleston Har., 1859, p. 51. Fraser, Beaufort Hyd., 1912, p. 355. Distribution.—North shore, Wenman Island, low tide; Post Office
Bay, 12-15 fathoms; Santa Elena Bay, 5-12 fathoms; San Francisco Bay, 2 fathoms; Port Culebra, low tide.
Family Cladocorynidae Genus CLADOCORYNE Cladyocoryne pelagica Allman
Cladocoryne pelagica ALLMAN, Linn. Soc. Jour., 1876, p. 255.
Distribution—Braithwaite Bay, on coral at low tide; Santa Elena
Bay, 10-12 fathoms.
Family Tubularidae Genus TUBULARIA Tubularia sp.
Trophosome.—Several young tubularians were scattered over a gastropod shell, none of them more than 2 mm. high and most of them less than 1.5 mm. The light-colored perisarc is heavy enough to give the zooid a rigid appearance; it is smooth and ends abruptly some short distance below the base of the hydranth, the exposed portion being much more slender than the portion within the perisarc. The basal tentacles are 14 or less and the oral tentacles 10 or less in number.
26 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Gonosome.—None of the zooids was mature.
Distribution—Santa Elena Bay, 8-12 fathoms.
These specimens seem unlike any other American species of this genus but as they are immature it does not seem advisable to give them a name.
Tubularia crocea (Agassiz) Parypha crocea AGassiz, Contr. Nat. Hist. U.S., IV, 1862, p. 249. Tubularia crocea Fraser, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 127.
Distribution—Tagus Cove, in 30 fathoms and on coral and sponges at low tide; Jicaron Island, 30 fathoms.
Tubularia integra, new species Plate 5, Fig. 24
Trophosome.—Individual zooids growing singly, at irregular inter- vals from a loosely reticulate stolon, reaching a height of 25 to 30 mm. The stolon is slightly annulated but the pedicels are entirely smooth, tapering slightly to a greater diameter at the base of the hydranth; somewhat swollen just proximal to the constriction where the support of the hydranth takes place. The basal tentacles, 25-32 in number, are long and slender as compared with the proximal that are short and stout for their length; they are much fewer, 8-12.
Gonosome.—Gonophores appear on short processes, sometimes al- most sessile; there are four well-separated, but very low, tentacular processes.
Distribution—Stephens Bay, 35 fathoms; west of South Seymour Island, 5 fathoms; Pacora Island, 15-25 fathoms; Medidor Island, at
low tide on coral.
Tubularia multitentaculata, new species Plate 6, Fig. 25
Trophosome.——Solitary zooids are large, up to 2 cm., with a heavy brown perisarc covering the pedicel except for a short distance at the distal end. Hydranth large, with 20-24 long proximal tentacles and very numerous, up to 100, distal tentacles.
Gonosome.—Gonophores with a tendency to form clusters, but the pedicels are short and unbranched; the radial canals show distinctly; when mature, they are large, 1.3 mm. in length. The distal end is not
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 27
provided with tentacular processes, although when the actinulae are partly dehisced, that gives the appearance of distal processes.
Distribution—Thurloe Point, on gorgonids, 8-10 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, also on gorgonids, 10-15 fathoms.
Suborder CALYPTOBLASTEA
Family Bonneviellidae Genus BONNEVIELLA
Bonneviella minor, new species Plate 7, Fig. 26
Trophosome.—Zooids arising singly from a loosely spreading stolon, which does not form a very definite network. Pedicels short, not as long as the hydrothecae, without annulations or corrugations. Hydrothecae almost tubular, 1.4 mm. long, 0.5 mm. in diameter, with a distinctly flaring margin. It has much the appearance of that of B. regia, but is only about half as long and half as wide.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution—In the channel between Narborough and Albemarle islands, 70 fathoms.
Family Campanularidae Genus CAMPANULARIA
PCampanularia emarginata, new species Plate 7, Fig. 27
Trophosome.—Zooids arise singly from a stolon that does not form a network; at times, this stolon seems to form a loose fascicle; total height 4 mm., of which the hydrotheca takes 1.1 or 1.2 mm. Pedicels with no annulations except two, immediately proximal to the hydro- theca. Hydrotheca twice, or nearly so, as long as it is broad, cylindrical in its distal half, gradually rounding to the base. Margin with 12 blunt, distinctly cut teeth, each tooth emarginate.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution—On Antennularia, La Plata Island, 45-55 fathoms.
PCampanularia gracilicaulis, new species Plate 7, Fig. 28
Trophosome.—Individual zooids arise from a meandering stolon, which is slender and smooth; the individual pedicels are long and
28 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
slender, up to 5 mm., so that they stand out conspicuously from the sup- porting surface; they are not annulated directly at the base, but a short distance from the base there are numerous annulations; some distance distal to these there is a smaller number, and two or three near the distal end, next the hydrotheca. Hydrotheca broadly campanulate, with 10 rather shallow, rounded teeth at the margin. Lines run backward from the indentations between the teeth.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution—West of South Seymour Island, 5 fathoms.
Campanularia hincksi Alder
Campanularia hincksi ALDER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (2), XVIII, 1856, p. 360. Hincxs, Br. Hyd. Zooph., 1868, p. 162.
Distribution—East of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Campanularia urceolata Clark
Campanularia urceolata CLarK, Alaskan Hyd., 1876, p. 215.
Fraser, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 140.
Distribution——FEast of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
Campanularia volubilis (Linn.) Sertularia volubilis LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 1767, p. 1311.
Campanularia volubilis FRAsER, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 141.
Distribution—Black Beach, low tide; White Friars Islands, 25 fathoms. Genus CLYTIA Clytia acutidentata, new species Plate 7, Fig. 29
Trophosome.—Colony small, reaching a height of 6 mm., not defi- nitely branched. The stem is geniculate in such a way that each pedicel
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 29
in succession seems to terminate the stem, while the offshoot becomes the main stem for the next internode; the angle between the offshoot and the stem is so small that the general direction of the growth of the colony is but little changed. In no case are there more than 7 or 8 zooids in the colony, and there may be only 1 or 2. The main stem has several annulations at the base, the short pedicels are annulated through- out and the larger pedicels, proximally and distally. The hydrotheca is broadly campanulate with 10 acute teeth on the margin. A line runs backward from the tip of each tooth a short distance toward the base of the hydrotheca.
Gonosome.—Gonangium arising from the stolon, with little indica- tion of a pedicel, smooth, with a short distal collar.
Distribution——Post Office Bay, on coral at low tide; north of White Friars Islands, on coral in 5 fathoms.
Clytia attenuata (Calkins)
Campanularia attenuata CALKINS, Hyd. of Puget Sound, 1899, p. 350. Clytia attenuata Fraser, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 142.
Distribution—Tagus Cove, on coral at low tide.
PClytia carinadentata, new species Plate 7, Fig. 30
Trophosome.—Colony small, slender, 5 mm. high; no branches, not even a continuous stem. The basal portion continues to form the pedi- cel for the proximal zooid; a short distance proximal to the base of the hydrotheca another stem is given off, forming a pronounced knee at its origin; this continues to form the pedicel of the second zooid, and this may give off a third in the same way, except that the distal portion (in this case, the pedicel for the third zooid) does not give off any stem or pedicel.
The original stem is annulated at the base, a short distance proxi- mal to the point where the next one has its origin, and immediately below the hydrotheca; the intermediate stem is annulated at the base and below the base of the hydrotheca as is the terminal one. The hydrotheca is nearly tubular, 1.0 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide; the margin is provided with 12-14 acute teeth, each of which is distinctly keeled,
30 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
the keel extending backward a short distance toward the base of the hydrotheca.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution Off the northeast point of Albemarle Island, low tide.
Clytia coronata (Clarke) Campanularia coronata CLARKE, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard, 1879, p. 242. Clytia coronata Fraser, Beaufort Hyd., 1912, p. 357.
Distribution —Pacora Island, 15-25 fathoms; Tangola-Tangola, 15- 20 fathoms.
Clytia cylindrica Agassiz
Clytia cylindrica Acassiz, Contr. Nat. Hist. U.S., IV, 1862, p. 306. Fraser, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 142.
Distribution —Oft Clipperton Island, 65 fathoms; off Albemarle Point, on Sargassum; Tagus Cove, on corals and sponges at low tide and in 30 fathoms; Black Beach, low tide; San Francisco Bay, 2 fath- oms; Pacora Island, 15-25 fathoms; Bahia Honda, 15-25 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
Clytia edwardsi (Nutting)
Campanularia edwardsi NutTinc, Hyd. Woods Hole, 1901, p. 346. Clytia edwardsi Fraser, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 143.
Distribution— Between Narborough and Albemarle islands, 70 fathoms; Santa Maria Bay, 10 fathoms; off Thurloe Point, 8-10 fathoms.
Clytia fascicularis, new species Plate 7, Fig. 31
Trophosome.—Hydrothecae often arising single from a stolon, with a pedicel annulated proximally and distally, but often the pedicels are clustered to form a loose fascicle, with a total height of 5 mm., in which case the part of the pedicel that is free from the fascicle is short
No. l FRASER: HYDROIDS a1
and entirely annulated. Hydrotheca cylindrical, the base broadening to full width immediately as it leaves the pedicel, large, 0.7 mm. by 0.4 mm. The margin is supplied with 10 blunt but deeply cut teeth.
Gonosome.—The gonangium is attached to the stolon by a short pedicel; it is obovate, with the distal end truncate; slightly corrugated ; 1.0 mm. by 0.4 mm.
Distribution.—Santa Elena Bay, 8-12 fathoms; Port Utria, on coral at low tide; Tangola-Tangola, on coral at low tide; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms; Isabel Island, 10-25 fathoms.
Clytia inconspicua (Forbes)
Thaumantias inconspicua Forsrs, Br. Naked-eyed Medusae, 1848, ps2.
Clytia inconspicua FRASER, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 144.
Distribution —Jicaron Island, 15 fathoms.
Clytia irregularis, new species Plate 8, Fig. 32
Trophosome.—Colony, 8 mm., unbranched or slightly branched, sometimes slightly fascicled toward the base; each branch similar to a portion of the main stem. Hydrothecae given off irregularly, with a decided “‘knee’’ on the pedicel as it leaves the stem. Pedicels vary much in length; the short ones may be annulated throughout, but the longer ones are partly free from annulations, there being more of them toward the distal than toward the proximal end; annulations on the main stem just distal to the node. Hydrotheca approximately one third longer than wide, definitely campanulate; margin with 12 deeply incised, sharp teeth.
Gonosome.—Gonangia single or in pairs, given off from the main stem or branch, at the node; the base tapers to a point and it can scarcely be said that there is a pedicel. There is an increase in diameter until a constriction is reached just below the margin. The whole go- nangium, which is smooth, may be regularly and distinctly curved; the distal end is truncated, with a small opening centrally placed. ‘The medusa-buds are somewhat longer than broad.
Distribution—Tangola-J angola, on coral slightly below low tide; off White Friars, in 5-10 and in 25 fathoms.
32 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Clytia johnstoni (Alder)
Campanularia johnstoni ALDER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (2), XVIII, 1856; p. 359!
Clytia johnstoni Hincxs, Br. Hyd. Zoophytes, 1868, p. 143.
Distribution—Gorgona Island, low tide; ‘Tangola-Tangola, on coral at low tide; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
Clytia kincaidi (Nutting)
Campanularia kincaidi NutTtinc, Hyd. of Alaska and Puget Sound, 1899, p. 743.
Clytia kincaidi Fraser, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 146.
Distribution—Wenman Island, low tide; Tagus Cove, 30 fathoms; between Narborough and Albemarle islands, 70 fathoms; between Charles and Indefatigable islands, 60 fathoms; angola-Tangola, 15- 20 fathoms; north of White Friars, 25 fathoms; off Tenacatita Point, 10 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
Clytia longicyatha (Allman)
Obelia longicyatha ALLMAN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard, 1377p; LO: Clytia longicyatha FRASER, Beaufort Hyd., 1912, p. 359.
Distribution—Port Utria, 20 fathoms; Jicaron Island, 25-30 fath- oms; Secas Islands, 15 fathoms; Tangola-Tangola, 15-20 fathoms; Isa- bel Island, 10-25 fathoms; Santa Maria Bay, 35-40 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Clytia longitheca Fraser Clytia longitheca FrasEr, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 137. Distribution—TVTangola-Tangola, 15-20 fathoms.
PClytia multidentata, new species Plate 8, Fig. 33
Trophosome.—tIndividual zooids grow in a loose cluster; pedicels 2.5 mm. long; annulations at the base of the hydrotheca, otherwise smooth. Hydrotheca gradually increasing in diameter from base to
No. l FRASER: HYDROIDS 33
margin; length 1.0 mm., greatest breadth 0.5 mm.; margin with 16-18 slender, blunt, deeply cut teeth; distinct lines running backward from the spaces between the teeth.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution—Port Utria, 20 fathoms.
Clytia raridentata (Alder) Plate 8, Fig. 34
Campanularia raridentata ALDER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), LX, 1862. py 31d: Fraser, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p-138.
Trophosome.—Stems unbranched, serving for the pedicels of the hydranths, arising from a stolon, which at this point has a distinct ele- vation, somewhat bulbous in appearance; pedicel annulated at the base and below the hydrotheca and sometimes more or less throughout. Hydrotheca long and narrow, tapering slightly from margin to base; teeth usually 5 in number, deep and rounded at the tip.
Gonosome.—(Not previously described.) Gonangium arising from the stolon, with scarcely any pedicel; from the base it increases in di- ameter gradually toward the middle and then decreases almost imper- ceptibly until it suddenly enlarges at the distal end to form a definite flare, truncated, without a collar. The opening is about half of the diameter of the distal end; surface smooth.
Distribution—Braithwaite Bay, 16-18 fathoms; Tangola-Tangola, at low tide and in 15-20 fathoms.
P Clytia seriata, new species Plate 8, Fig. 35
Trophosome.—Colony 20 mm., usually unbranched, consisting of a series of zooids—8 in the colony described—rather than a stem, from which zooids are given off at intervals. The pedical of each zooid, with the exception of the basal, has its origin a short distance below the hydro- theca of the zooid immediately preceding it, with a definite “knee” at the base, so that the successive pedicels are not far from being in a straight line; the pedicel has several annulations, proximally and dis- tally. Occasionally a colony appears with a branch given off in much the same way as the pedicel, and it continues in a similar way to the
34 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
main portion. The hydrotheca is situated like an inverted, truncated cone, with a very evident diaphragm; margin entire.
Gonosome.—Gonangium arising from near the middle of a pedicel, with scarcely any pedicel of its own, but turning to pass in the same direction as the hydranth pedicel; elongated, obovate, rounded at the distal end, without a terminal collar. The only gonangium observed was empty.
Distribution—Tangola-Tangola, near shore in 15-20 fathoms.
Genus EUCOPELLA Eucopella everta (Clark)
Campanularia everta CLARK, Hyd. of the Pacific Coast, 1876, p. 253. Eucopella everta FRASER, West Coast Hyd., 1911, p. 37.
Distribution—Thurloe Point, 8-10 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Eucopella minor, new species Plate 8, Fig. 36
Trophosome.—Zooids arising singly from a stoloniferous network; height 1.0 mm., the pedicel 0.6 mm., and the hydrotheca 0.4 mm. Pedi- cel corrugated or slightly annulated throughout; a distinctly spherical portion appears directly below the hydrotheca. Hydrotheca with thick wall, width 0.3 mm., scarcely flaring, nearly tubular, with 12 low, rounded teeth forming a crenate margin.
Gonosome.—Gonangium arising directly from the stolon with a short pedicel, 1.25 mm. by 0.6 mm., nearly smooth, slightly obovate, with the distal end truncate. One large medusoid structure occupies most of the space within; in some cases, an indication of a second one appears.
Distribution—Santa Elena Bay, on floating Sargassum.
Genus GONOTHYRAEA Gonothyraea clarki (Marktanner)
Laomedea (Gonothyraea) clarki MLARKTANNER-URNERESCHER, Hyd. von Ost Spitzbergen, 1895, p. 408.
Gonothyraea clarki Fraser, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 148. DistributionSouth of Clarion Island, 50 fathoms.
No. l FRASER: HYDROIDS 35
Gonothyraea gracilis (Sars)
Laomedea gracilis Sars, Beretning om en Zool. Reise i Lofoten og Finmarken, 1851, p. 18.
Gonothyraea gracilis Fraser, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 148.
Distribution—Braithwaite Bay, 30 fathoms; Tagus Cove, 30 fath- oms; Post Office Bay, 10-15 fathoms; James Bay, 50-70 fathoms; Car- tago Bay, 32 fathoms; between Charles and Indefatigable islands, 60 fathoms; La Plata Island, 45-55 fathoms; Port Utria, 15-20 fathoms; Tangola-Tangola, 15-20 fathoms; off White Friars, 25 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms; Isabel Island, 10-25
fathoms.
Gonothyraea serialis, new species Plate 8, Fig. 37
Trophosome.—Zooids arising singly from the stolon, or with a succession of three or four, the second arising from the pedicel of the first, the third arising from the pedicel of the second, et cetera, in each case, somewhat nearer the distal end than the proximal; highest colony observed, 6 mm. Each pedicel has several annulations at or near each end; each pedicel forms a definite ‘‘knee”’ at its origin. The diameter of the hydrotheca gradually becomes greater from base to margin; length 0.7 to 0.75 mm., breadth 0.4 mm. Margin with 12 sharp teeth, dis- tinctly but not deeply cut; each tooth has a distinct ridge which con- tinues back on the hydrotheca as a distinct line.
Gonosome.—Gonangia arising from the axils of the pedicels, or from the stolon, with a short pedicel which has one or two annulations ; obovate, truncate, with a narrow but distinct collar.
Distribution—On a Lytocarpus stem at low tide, Port Utria; Bahia Honda, 15-25 fathoms.
Genus OBELIA
Obelia alternata, new species Plate 8, Fig. 38
Trophosome.—Colony small and delicate, with a maximum length of 5 or 6 mm., most of the colonies much shorter than this. Stem flexu- ous, alternating to the one side and the other; very occasionally there is a single branch; the pedicel of each hydrotheca appears to be a con- tinuation of the preceding internode of the stem, bending outward or
36 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
even slightly backward in the distal portion; two or three annulations at the base of each internode; pedicels, except the terminal one that is annulated at each end, are annulated throughout. Hydrotheca small, broadly campanulate, slightly flaring at the margin, which is supplied with 10 rounded, comparatively shallow teeth.
Gonosome.—Gonangia arising from the axils of the hydrothecal pedicels, obovate, with a terminal opening but without a definite collar.
Distribution—Post Office Bay, 12-15 fathoms; west of South Sey- mour Island, 5 fathoms.
This species resembles O. dichotoma in its mode of growth, but the colonies are, in general, much smaller, and the hydrothecae are quite dissimilar.
Obelia articulata (A. Agassiz) Eucope articulata A. AcAssiz, N. A. Acalephae, 1865, p. 89. Obelia articulata FRASER, Hyd. of Eastern Canada, 1918, p. 348. Distribution—Between Charles and Indefatigable islands, 60 fath- oms. Obelia commissuralis McCrady Obelia commissuralis McCrapy, Gymno. Charleston Har., 1859, p. 95. Nuttinc, American Hyd., Part III, 1915, p. 83. Distribution—Bahia Honda, 15-25 fathoms; Tangola-Tangola, 15- 20 fathoms. Obelia dichotoma ( Linn.) Sertularia dichotoma LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 1758, p. 812. Obelia dichotoma Hi1ncxs, Br. Hyd. Zoophytes, 1868, p. 156.
Distribution—Tagus Cove, on coral and sponges at low tide; Santa Elena Bay, on drifting Sargassum; Tangola-Tangola, 15-20 fathoms; north of White Friars, 25 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
Obelia equilateralis, new species Plate 9, Fig. 39 Trophosome.—Colony small, simple, unbranched, reaching a height of 6 or 7 mm. Stem irregularly geniculate, annulated at the proximal end of the internodes. Hydrothecae irregularly arranged on long pedi-
No. l FRASER: HYDROIDS civd
cels that are annulated below the base of the hydrothecae and some- times at the proximal end as well. Hydrothecae, in face view, almost equilaterally triangular. Margin entire, without flare. Gonosome.—Gonangium large, 1.4 mm. long, growing directly from the stem between the nodes; smooth, elliptical or slightly obovate ; opening small, terminal; no collar. Distribution—Santa Elena Bay, 8-12 fathoms.
Obelia geniculata (Linn.) Sertularia geniculata LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 1767, p. 1312. Obelia geniculata H1incxs, Br. Hyd. Zoophytes, 1868, p. 149.
Distribution—Braithwaite Bay, 16-18 fathoms; Tagus Cove, low tide; reef north of the entrance to Tagus Cove, low tide.
Obelia hyalina Clarke
Obelia hyalina CLARKE, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard, 1879, p. 241.
Fraser, Beaufort Hyd., 1912, p. 363.
Distribution—East of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms; Santa Maria Bay, 10 fathoms; Thurloe Point, low tide; South Bay, Cerros Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Obelia microtheca, new species Plate 9, Fig. 40
Trophosome.—Colony small, slender, reaching a height of 4 mm., but usually much less. Hydrothecae quite regularly alternate, with a tendency to geniculation. Pedicels 1-2 times as long as the hydrothecae. Stem annulated above the origin of each pedicel; pedicel annulated in at least the distal half. Hydrothecae nearly equal in breadth and length; small, 0.2 mm. Margin entire.
Gonosome.—Gonangium resembling that of O. dichotoma, arising with a short pedicel from the axil of the hydrothecal pedicel, 0.5-0.6 mm. in total length; a definite collar much smaller than the distal por- tion of the gonangium.
Distribution—Santa Elena Bay, 10 fathoms.
38 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Obelia obtusidens (Jaderholm) Plate 9, Fig. 41
Campanularia obtusidens JADERHOLM, Hyd. aus den Kiisten von Chile,
1904, p. 2.
Trophosome.—Colony simple, reaching a height of 3 cm. Stem slightly geniculate; in larger colonies there are regularly alternating branches, in smaller colonies there may be none. Stem quite extensively annulated in the proximal portion of each internode; short pedicels annulated throughout, longer ones, in proximal and distal portions. Hydrothecae broadly campanulate, almost as broad as long; margin with 12 low, rounded teeth; lines pass backward along the hydrothecae from the indentations.
Gonosome.—(Not previously described.) Gonangium arising di- rectly from the stolon, with a short pedicel, not annulated, smooth, broad at the distal end and tapering rather rapidly at the proximal end. There is a distinct collar. Length 0.75 mm., greatest breadth 0.2 mm.
Distribution—Santa Elena Bay, 10-12 fathoms.
Obelia plicata Hincks
Obelia plicata Hincxs, Br. Hyd. Zoophytes, 1868, p. 154. Fraser, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 154.
Distribution—South of Clarion Island, 50 fathoms; James Bay, 50-70 fathoms; Cartago Bay, 32 fathoms; between Charles and Inde- fatigable islands, 60 fathoms; La Plata Island, 45-55 fathoms; Gorgona Island, 20 and 150 fathoms; Port Utria, 40 fathoms; Jicaron Island, 25-30 fathoms; Pacora Island, 15-25 fathoms; Santa Maria Bay, 35-40 fathoms.
Obelia tenuis, new species Plate 9, Fig. 42
Trophosome.—Colony small; sometimes there is a single hydrotheca and pedicel but usually there is a short geniculate stem, giving off up to four hydrothecae in which case it may reach a height of 2 mm. The hydrotheca is borne on a short, annulated, or partly annulated pedicel (the internodes of the stem are annulated toward the proximal end) ; it appears to be an elongation of the pedicel, broadening gradually but not extensively to the margin; the margin has 8 rounded teeth; defi- |
No. l FRASER: HYDROIDS 39
nite lines run from the indentations between the teeth backward to- ward the base.
Gonosome.—Gonangia arising singly or in pairs from the hydro- thecal axils, small and slender for their length, 0.7 mm. long, 0.1 mm. in diameter, tubular, some of them with a definite collar at the distal end. The distal half may be slightly annulated or corrugated. The blastostyle is present in the basal portion only; the medusa-buds are liberated from the end of this to form a single linear series in the gonangium. Medusa with 12 tentacles at time of liberation from the gonangium.
Distribution—Santa Elena Bay, low tide to 12 fathoms; off Morro de Petatlan, 10-15 fathoms; off Tenacatita Point, 10 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Genus SILICULARIA Silicularia pedunculata (Jaderholm)
Campanularia pedunculata JADERHOLM, Archives de Zool. Exper. et Gen. (4), III, 1904, p. vi. Silicularia divergens HARTLAUB, Die Hyd. der magalhaensischen Re- gion, 1905, p. 578.
Silicularia pedunculata JADERHOLM, Hyd. aus Ant. Meere, 1905, p. 18.
Distribution.—It is difficult to believe that this South Georgia and Tierra del Fuego species would inhabit the Secas Islands area, but the trophosome (no gonosome is present in the specimens) agrees so exactly with Jaderholm’s description and figures that it is impossible to ignore the resemblance.
Family Campanulinidae Genus CAMPANULINA
PCampanulina ramosa, new species Plate 9, Fig. 43
Trophosome.—Colony small, largest 7 mm., for the size of it, ex- tensively branched dichotomously; entirely without annulations or with but slight indications of such. Hydrotheca with 10 segments in the operculum.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution —Tagus Cove, 30 fathoms; between Charles and Inde- fatigable islands, 60 fathoms.
40 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Genus CUSPIDELLA Cuspidella humilis (Alder) Campanularia humilis ALDER, Trans. Tynes. Nat. F.C., 1863, p. 239. Cuspidella humilis Fraser, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 159. Distribution —Port Utria, 40 fathoms; Isabel Island, 10-25 fath-
oms.
Genus LOVENELLA
Lovenella nodosa, new species Plate 9, Fig. 44
Trophosome.—Stem slender, straight, unbranched, reaching a height of 35 mm. Hydrothecae given off regularly, alternate, gradually get- ting slightly closer together as they are farther from the base. Iwo, or occasionally three, nodes between successive hydrothecae near the base, but sometimes only one, just distal to the hydrotheca pedicel, in the distal portion. Pedicels longer near the base, with several annulations that look like nodes, shorter in the distal portion, with only one annu- lation. Hydrotheca turbinate, large, over 1.0 mm. in length from the base of the operculum to the base of the hydrotheca, 0.5 mm. wide at the base of the operculum; operculum of 8 segments, 0.4 mm. in length. Hydranth with 14-15 tentacles.
Gonosome.—Gonangia arising from the pedicel of the hydrotheca, with a short pedicel, having one annulation; slender, almost tubular, but tapering slightly to the base; reaching slightly beyond the base of the operculum of the corresponding hydrotheca; truncated at the distal end. Six developing medusoids within the gonangium.
Distribution Santa Elena Bay, 7-8 fathoms; off Morro de Petat- lan, 25 fathoms; off ‘Tenacatita Point, 10 fathoms; Isabel Island, 10- 25 tathoms; off Thurloe Point, 30 fathoms.
Lovenella producta (Sars) Calycella producta Sars, Norges Hydroider, 1873, p. 30. Lovenella producta FRASER, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 159.
Distribution—La Plata Island, 45-55 fathoms. This species closely resembles Egmundella gracilis Stechow but has none of the nematophores that are present in that species.
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 41
Family Halecidae Genus ENDOTHECIUM Endothecium reduplicatum Fraser
Endothecium reduplicatum FRAsER, Some Japanese Hyd., 1935, p. 107. Distribution—Bahia Honda, 15-25 fathoms; off White Friars, 25
fathoms.
Genus HALECIUM Halecium articulosum Clark
Halecium articulosum CLARK, New England Hydroids, 1876, p. 63. Fraser, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 164.
Distribution—South Bay, Cerros Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Halecium beani (Johnston)
Thoa beani JOHNSTON, Br. Zoophytes, 1847, p. 120. Halecium beani Hincxs, Br. Hyd. Zoophytes, 1868, p. 224. Distribution —Tagus Cove, 30 fathoms; James Bay, 50-70 fathoms ; between Charles and Indefatigable islands, 60 fathoms; off Black Beach, 25-40 fathoms; Gardner Bay, 25-35 fathoms; Santa Elena Bay, 10-12 fathoms; San Francisco Bay, 2 fathoms; Tangola-Tangola, 15-20 fath- oms; off White Friars, 25 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
Halecium bermudense Congdon Halecium bermudense Concpon, Hyd. of Bermuda, 1907, p. 473. Fraser, Beaufort Hyd., 1912, p. 367. Distribution—Between Charles and Indefatigable islands, 60 fath- oms. Halecium corrugatum Nutting
Halecium corrugatum Nuttinec, Hyd. from Alaska and Puget Sound, 1899, p. 745. Fraser, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 164. Distribution —Santa Maria Bay, in 10 fathoms and in 35-40 fathoms.
42 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Halecium fasciculatum, new species Plate 10, Fig. 45
Trophosome.—Colony 30 mm.; main stem and larger branches fasci- cled for some distance; branches few and irregularly placed; simple portion of stem and branches strongly geniculate. Each internode seems to terminate in a hydrophore, which is often reduplicated; the suc- ceeding internode is given off near the distal end, and it, in turn, ends in a hydrophore; this is continued throughout the whole length. There are two annulations at the proximal end of each internode. The rim of the hydrophore is distinctly flaring. Several of the hydrophore pedicels have a large circular opening just proximal to the hydrophore.
Gonosome.—Gonangium arising by a short, stout pedicel, from the hydrophore pedicel, is broadly lenticular. Each side of the lens is strongly marked by 5 longitudinal corrugations. (The contents of the gonangia were not in good enough condition to determine the sex.)
Distribution—Between Charles and Indefatigable islands, 60 fath- oms.
Halecium flabellatum Fraser Halecium flabellatum FRAsER, Some Japanese Hyd., 1935, p. 108.
Distribution —Tangola-Tangola, 15-20 fathoms. These specimens agree entirely with the specimens from Japan ex- cept that the gonangia are devoid of terminal nodules.
Halecium gracile Verrill
Halecium Ghacile VERRILL, Invert. An. Vineyard Sound, 1874, p. 729. Nuttinc, Hyd. Woods Hole, 1901, p. 358.
Distribution Bahia Honda, low tide; South Viradores Islands, 8- 10 fathoms; off White Friars, 25 fathoms, and in 5-10 fathoms.
Halecium halecinum (Linn.) Sertularia halecina LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 1767, p. 1308. Halecium halecinum FrasEr, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 165.
Distribution—San Francisco Bay, 3-8 fathoms; Tangola-Tangola, 15-20 fathoms; Isabel Island, 10-25 fathoms.
t
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 43
Halecium insolens, new species Plate 10, Fig. 46
Trophosome.—Colony minute, slender, up to 1.5 mm. in height, growing from a loose stoloniferous network. There may be a single hydrophore with a rather long pedicel, but in most cases others have been added. The second pedicel grows from the first just below the hydrophore and, near its base, turns so that it is almost in the same direction as the first; the third pedicel bears a similar relation to the second, and there may be four or five in the same one-sided series, for each in succession appears on the same side as the previous one, although there may be a little spiral twisting. Occasionally one or more branches are given off, but these are all also on the one side of the stem. ‘Chere are one or two annulations at the base of each pedicel, and sometimes also in the course of the longer pedicels. The hydrophore is but slightly everted.
Gonosome.—The gonangium (only the female gonangia were ob- served) is unusual in appearance for a Halecium species. It is obovate, 0.5 mm. in length, almost sessile and distinctly corrugated. The open- ing is on the side about one third of the length of the pedicel from the distal end; it is on the terminus of a small hydrophore-like structure but no zooids were observed in the opening.
Distribution —Isabel Island, 15-25 fathoms.
Halecium nanum Alder
Halecium nanum A.prER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), II, 1859, p.355: Fraser, Beaufort Hyd., 1912, p. 367.
Distribution—South Viradores Islands, 8-10 fathoms.
Halecium regulare, new species Plate 10, Fig. 47
Trophosome.—Colony minute, slender, 5 mm., growing from a stolon that forms a loose network; branches few or absent, similar to the main stem. Stem zigzag, two or three nodes between the first hydro- phore and the base of the stem; in all other cases, there is a hydro- phore to each internode. Hydrophore sessile, the margin even with the node, expanding to the margin but not definitely flaring.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
44 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Distribution—Jicaron Island, 15 fathoms; north of White Friars, 5-10 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
The colony bears some resemblance to H. articulosum Clark but is a much smaller species.
Halecium tenellum Hincks
Halecium tenellum Hincxs, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), VIII, 1861, 1p: 252. Fraser, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 169.
Distribution—North of Wenman Island, 100-150 fathoms; Black Beach, at low tide; Post Office Bay, 12-15 fathoms; James Bay, 50-70 fathoms; Cartago Bay, 32 fathoms; between Charles and Indefatigable islands, 60 fathoms; off Black Beach, 25-40 fathoms; Secas Islands, 25 fathoms; White Friars, 25 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
Halecium tortum, new species Plate 10, Fig. 48
Trophosome-—(No complete colony obtained.) Main stem and larger branches strongly fascicled; smaller branches simple, slender, sometimes again branched. Each branch is more in the nature of hydro- phore pedicels than a continuous series of internodes; each pedicel, ex- cept the proximal, arises from the preceding one at a point just below the hydrophore. The hydrophores are somewhat alternately arranged, but as they are not all in the same plane they may have a decided spiral twist; rim of hydrophore scarcely flaring.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution East of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
Halecium vagans, new species Plate 10, Fig. 49
Trophosome.—Slender, somewhat straggling colony, 13 mm. high, branching irregular, with a tendency to dichotomy. Internodes of stem long and slender, commonly with a double annulation at the node, the sessile hydrophore being just below the annulation. Branches give off immediately below the hydrophore, either singly or in pairs, to give the
EE
|
NO. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 45
dichotomous effect. When a hydrophore terminates a branch, the pedicel is of considerable length, otherwise it is sessile. Hydrophore scarcely flaring.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution—South of La Plata Island, 45-55 fathoms; San Fran- cisco Bay, 3-8 fathoms; Pacora Island, 15-25 fathoms; Secas Islands, 25 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
This species bears some resemblance to H. tenellum, but the stem and branches are much less annulated or wrinkled, the cauline hydro- phores are sessile and they lack the strong flare so evident in H. tenellum.
Halecium washingtoni Nutting
Halecium geniculatum Nuttinc, Hyd. of Alaska and Puget Sound, 1899, p. 744.
Halecium washingtoni NuttTinc, Am. Nat., XXXIV, 1901, p. 789. Fraser, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 169.
Distribution—lIn the channel between Narborough and Albemarle islands, 70 fathoms; Thurloe Point, 8-10 and 30 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Genus OPHIODISSA
Ophiodissa laxa, new species Plate 10, Fig. 50
Trophosome.—Colonies clustered, 15 mm.; stem strongly geniculate or somewhat dichotomously arranged. Each portion of the stem that corresponds to an internode in the regular type is slender, much elon- gated, and much the same size throughout, with one or two annula- tions at the base given off a short distance below the hydrophore of the preceding portion. There may be another hydrophore or branch given off from the opposite side, to give the dichotomous effect. The hydro- phore is definitely flaring.
Tentacular organs large, tubular, commonly one from each pedicel or internodal portion of the stem.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution.—Secas Islands, 15 and 25 fathoms.
46 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Ophiodissa negligens, new species Plate 11, Fig. 51
Trophosome.—Colony small, 4 mm. high; stem geniculate, with each part in succession arising from the distal portion of the previous part, just below the hydrophore that terminates the part, or sometimes, dichotomous, where two such portions are given off opposite to each other, or the one part may divide dichotomously. Pedicel gradually in- creasing in diameter and almost insensibly passing into the hydrophore, which is not flaring. There is very little indication of annulation any- where.
Tentacular organs large, shaped like the hydrophores with their pedicels; commonly one from each pedicel or portion of the stem.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution.—Port Utria, 40 fathoms, in 15 fathoms, and on coral at low tide.
Family Hebellidae Genus HEBELLA Hebella calcarata (A. Agassiz)
Lafoea calcarata A. Acassiz, N. A. Acalephae, 1865, p. 122. Hebella calcarata FrasEr, Beaufort Hyd., 1912, p. 371.
Distribution —Secas Islands, 25 fathoms; White Friars, 25 fathoms and 5-10 fathoms; Isabel Island, 10-25 fathoms.
Genus SCANDIA
Scandia corrugata, new species Plate 11, Fig. 52
Trophosome.—Individual zooids growing from a delicate stolon, creeping over Synthecium, each pedicel very short but distinct, making an acute angle with the stolon. Hydrotheca nearly tubular, narrowing suddenly at the base and truncated distally, but the distal end may flare slightly; surface slightly but regularly corrugated; margin entire.
Gonosome.—Gonangium small, growing at regular intervals from the stolon; shorter than the hydrotheca; broadly oval, narrowing dis- tally to form a distinct neck; surface corrugated.
Distribution—White Friars Islands, 25 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
NO. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 47
Scandia mutabilis (Ritchie)
Campanularia mutabilis RrrcHie, Hyd. from Cape de Verde Is., 1907, p. 504.
Scandia mutabilis FRASER, Beaufort Hyd., 1912, p. 372.
Distribution—North of Wenman Island, low tide; Tagus Cove, 30 fathoms; Black Beach, low tide; San Francisco Bay, 2 fathoms; Santa Maria Bay, 10 fathoms.
Family Lafoeidae Genus FILELLUM
Filellum serpens (Hassall)
Campanularia serpens HASsALL, Trans. Micr. Soc., 1852, p. 163. Filellum serpens FrasEr, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 172.
Distribution—Post Office Bay, 12-15 fathoms; James Bay, 20 fathoms, and 50-70 fathoms; Gardner Bay, 25-35 fathoms; Santa Elena Bay, 10-12 fathoms; Jicaron Island, 25-30 fathoms; Pacora Island, 15-25 fathoms; Secas Islands, 15 and 25 fathoms; Tangola-T angola, 15-25 fathoms; White Friars Islands, 25 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms; Thurloe Point, 30 fathoms.
Genus LAFOEA
Lafoea intermedia, new species Plate 11, Fig. 53
Trophosome.—Stem and portions of the principal branches fascicled ; branches not numerous, irregularly arranged, making an angle of nearly 90° with the stem. Hydrotheca tubular, tapering to the base, but little curved; pedicels with one or two slight twists, coming out from the stem at an angle that is usually nearly 90°, but may be con- siderably less, near the tip of the branch.
Gonosome.—Coppinia mass elongate, elliptical, with the separate gonangia but rarely hexagonal; they are much more often nearly circu- lar in cross section, not regularly arranged. Each gonangium with a distinct collar, much less in diameter than the main portion of the gonangium. The hydrothecal tubes are not numerous but they vary much in size and length.
48 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Distribution—North of Wenman Island, 100-150 fathoms; James Bay, 50-70 fathoms; Cartago Bay, 32 fathoms; between Charles and Indefatigable islands, 60 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
This species appears to be intermediate between L. gracillima and L. fruticosa. The shape of the hydrotheca and its pedicel and the nature of the coppinia mass bear considerable resemblance to L. gracillima, while the mode of branching and the angle that the hydrotheca makes with the branch resemble L. fruticosa. The size of the hydrotheca in L. gracillima varies much but, in general, that of L. intermedia is inter- mediate between that of L. gracillima and L. fruticosa. The hydro- thecal tubes of L. intermedia are quite characteristic, being quite differ- ent from those in either of the two species but particularly so when compared with those of L. fruticosa.
Genus LICTORELLA Lictorella adhaerens, new species Plate 11, Fig. 54
Trophosome.—Main stem strongly fascicled, rigid, 50 mm.; the individual tubes slender. Few hydrothecae and nematophores on the stem. Branches slender as compared with the stem but, like it, rigid; arranged in subopposite pairs, each making almost a right angle with the stem. Some of the branches are fascicled slightly toward the base, but most of them are simple throughout. Hydrothecae with regular alter- nate arrangement, each with a short pedicel not adhering to the branch, although the hydrotheca itself is adherent in its basal portion; hydro- theca regularly curved, so that the margin is parallel to the branch and some distance from it. Margin commonly reduplicated. A nematophore attached to each pedicel.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution—Between Charles and Indefatigable islands, 120 fathoms.
Lictorella cervicornis Nutting
Lictorella cervicornis NuTTING, Hawaiian Hyd., 1905, p. 934. Fraser, Monobrachium parasitum and other west coast hydroids, 1918, p. 134. Distribution—North of Wenman Island, 120-150 fathoms; be- tween Charles and Indefatigable islands, 60 fathoms.
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 49
Family Synthecidae Genus SYNTHECIUM
Synthecium gracile Fraser Synthecium gracile FRASER, Johnson-Smithsonian Hyd., 1937, p. 2.
Distribution—Santa Elena Bay, 10-12 fathoms; Port Utria, 20 fathoms; Pacora Island, 15-25 fathoms; White Friars, 25 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms; Santa Maria Bay, 10 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, low tide and in 10-15 fathoms.
Synthecium projectum, new species Plate 11, Fig. 55
Trophosome.—Short, stout, unbranched colonies arise from a stolon, 10 mm. high. The stem is divided into rather long internodes by slightly oblique nodes. There is one hydrotheca to each internode, with a regu- larly alternate arrangement; two successive hydrothecae on the same side are quite distant. Hydrotheca projecting well out from the stem, adhering at the base and about one third of the adcauline side; stout, about half as wide as long, the free portion turning out at an angle of a little more than 45° with the stem. Margin somewhat saddle- shaped, flaring a little.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution —Bahia Honda, 15-25 fathoms; White Friars, 25 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms; Santa Maria Bay, low tide; Thurloe Point, 8-10 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, low tide.
Synthecium rigidum, new species Plate 11, Fig. 56
Trophosome.—Colony unbranched, straight and rather rigid, 10 mm. high; divided into regular internodes, with one hydrotheca to each, alternating. Hydrotheca nearly as broad as deep, 0.28-0.32 mm., and much the same diameter throughout; adnate from one third to one half of its length. Margin circular, definitely flaring.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution—Santa Elena Bay, 10 fathoms; White Friars, 25 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
50 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Synthecium symmetricum, new species Plate 12, Fig. 57
Trophosome.—Colony slender, 15 mm. high, with pairs of opposite branches given off almost at right angles to the main stem, with no hydrothecae in the axils; no hydrothecae below the proximal branches, and none for some distance above each pair of branches; the pairs be- tween the branches and those on the proximal portion of the branch are more distant than the others. Hydrothecae opposite, each almost tubular, regularly curved so that the distal portion is almost at right angles to the proximal portion; approximately two thirds adherent; about 1.0 mm. in length. Margin entire but slightly and regularly curved.
Gonosome.—Gonangia growing out of either one or both of the pairs of hydrothecae at a node; elongated oval, tapering to a narrow neck distally; strongly corrugated.
Distribution—Santa Elena Bay, 10 fathoms; San Francisco Bay, 2-8 fathoms; Port Utria, 20 and 40 fathoms; Jicaron Island, 15 fath- oms; Pacora Island, 15-25 fathoms; Secas Islands, 25 fathoms; north of White Friars, 25 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
Family Sertularidae Genus DIPHASIA Diphasia paarmani Nutting Diphasia paarmani NuttTinc, Am. Hyd., Part II, 1904, p. 111.
Distribution—Reef north of entrance to Tagus Cove, low tide.
Genus PASYA Pasya quadridentata (Ellis and Solander)
Sertularia quadridentata FE. and §., Nat. Hist. Zoophytes, 1786, p. 57. Pasythea quadridentata NuTTING, Am. Hyd., Part II, 1904, p. 75.
Distribution—Reef north of entrance to Tagus Cove, low tide; Santa Elena Bay, 5-7 and 10-12 fathoms; La Plata Island, low tide; Pacora Island, 15-25 fathoms; Santa Maria Bay, 10 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, 10-15 fathoms.
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 51
Genus SERTULARELLA
Sertularella ampullacea, new species Plate 12, Fig. 58
Trophosome.—Colony slender, lax, 7 mm. high, with one or two branches or without branches. What may be considered as the stem consists of a series of long sections, each of which arises from the pre- ceding section, just below its terminal hydrotheca, the proximal portion forming a distinct ‘‘knee”’ bend. When a branch is given off, it appears opposite the section given off in the usual way; annulations at the base of the section faint or absent. Hydrothecae elongated-ovate, the distal portion forming a “‘neck’’; surface strongly and regularly corrugated ; margin with four teeth; operculum of four flaps.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution—Port Utria, 15-20 fathoms; Pacora Island, 15-25 fathoms.
Sertularella conica Allman
Sertularella conica ALLMAN, Hyd. of the Gulf Stream, 1877, p. 21. Nuttinc, Am. Hyd., Part II, 1904, p. 79.
Distribution—South of Clarion Island, 50 fathoms; Tagus Cove, 30 fathoms; James Bay, 50-70 fathoms; Black Beach, 25-40 fathoms; White Friars, 25 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Sertularella exilis, new species Plate 12, Fig. 59
Trophosome.—Small, slender, unbranched colonies, 6-12 mm. high, grow from a reticulate stolon. Nodes, indicated but not definite, divide the stem into internodes, each bearing one hydrotheca; hydrothecae alternate, distant. Hydrotheca regularly curved upward and then out- ward; smooth, much the same diameter throughout. Margin with four, not very distinct, teeth; operculum of four flaps.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution—Bahia Honda, 15-25 fathoms; White Friars, 25 fathoms.
52 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Sertularella formosa Fewkes
Sertularella formosa FeEwkeEs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard, VIII, No. 7, 1881, p. 130.
Nuttinc, Amer. Hyd., Part II, 1904, p. 104.
Distribution.—Santa Elena Bay, 10-12 fathoms; San Francisco Bay, 2 fathoms; Gorgona Island, low tide and in 20 fathoms; Pacora Island, 15-25 fathoms; Secas Islands, 25 fathoms; White Friars, 25 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
Sertularella fusiformis (Hincks)
Sertularia fusiformis Hincxs, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), VIII, 1861), 1p. 293.
Sertularella fusiformis Nuttinc, Am. Hyd., Part II, 1904, p. 89.
Distribution —North of Wenman Island, low tide; off Albemarle Point, low tide.
Sertularella incisa, new species Plate 12, Fig. 60
Trophosome.—Most of the colonies unbranched, less than 2 mm. high, erect, rigid, but not very stout; not very definitely divided into internodes. Hydrothecae regularly alternate, distant; curved regularly outward; about one half of the adcauline side adherent, with thick chitin at the base. Margin with three teeth, two of them more distinct than the third; operculum of three flaps.
When the colony is branched, the short branches may be quite close to each other, on each side. The angle that the branch makes with the stem seems to be continued as a curved incision into the stem, which is characteristic. There is no hydrotheca in the axil.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution—South Bay, Cerros Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Sertularella rugosa (Linn.)
Sertularia rugosa LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 1758, p. 809. Sertularella rugosa Hinexs, Br. Hyd. Zoophytes, 1868, p. 259.
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 53
Distribution Braithwaite Bay, on coral at low tide; Banks Bay, low tide; reef north of entrance to agus Cove, low tide; South Sey- mour Island, low tide; Santa Maria Bay, low tide; Thurloe Point, 8-10 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, low tide.
Sertularella tenella (Alder)
Sertularia tenella ALDER, Cat. Zooph. Northumberland, 1857, p. 23. Sertularella tenella Htncxs, Br. Hyd. Zoophytes, 1868, p. 242.
Distribution—North of Wenman Island, 100-150 fathoms; Tagus Cove, 30 fathoms; Cartago Bay, 32 fathoms; between Charles and Indefatigable islands, 60 fathoms; Santa Elena Bay, 10-12 fathoms; La Plata Island, 45-55 fathoms; Secas Islands, 25 fathoms.
Sertuiarella turgida (Trask)
Sertularia turgida ‘Trask, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sc., 1857, p. 113. Sertularella turgida NutTtinc, Am. Hyd., Part II, 1904, p. 95.
Distribution—Santa Maria Bay, low tide; Thurloe Point, 8-10 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, low tide and in 10-15 fathoms.
Genus SERTULARIA
Sertularia anceps, new species Plate 13, Fig. 61
Trophosome.—Colony slender, up to 40 mm., with opposite branches similar to the main stem; sometimes only one of the pairs of branches is developed; stem divided regularly into internodes. Branches given off almost at right angles, a distinct constriction at the base of each. Hydrothecae placed so that the pair is separated almost equally at each margin; no front and back distinction; they are near together for about one third of their length and then turn outward rather abruptly, so that the distal portion of the hydrotheca is nearly at right angles to the stem. Margin with three teeth, operculum with three flaps.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution—Santa Elena Bay, 10 fathoms and on drifting Sar- gassum; Secas Islands, 15 and 25 fathoms; Isabel Island, 10-25 fath- oms; off Thurloe Point, 8-10 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, 10-15 fathoms.
54 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Sertularia cornicina (McCrady)
Dynamena cornicina McCrapy, Gymno. Charleston Har., 1859, p. 204.
Sertularia cornicina Nuttinc, Am. Hyd., Part II, 1904, p. 58. Distribution—North of White Friars, 5-10 fathoms.
Sertularia desmoides Torrey
Sertularia desmoides Torrey, Hyd. Pac. Coast, 1902, p. 65. Nuttinc, Am. Hyd., Part II, 1904, p. 56.
Distribution —Between Charles and Indefatigable islands, 60 fath- oms; off Black Beach, 25-40 fathoms; angola-Tangola, low tide; Santa Maria Bay, 10 fathoms.
Sertularia dispar, new species Plate 13, Fig. 62
Trophosome.—Colony unbranched, 10 mm. high; stem divided into rather short internodes, on each of which a pair of hydrothecae is nearly medially placed, the pair in contact for a short distance at the base, on the face of the stem, but distinctly separated throughout, on the back of the stem. Hydrothecae stout for their length, tapering distally to a margin with two teeth, placed in such a position that the one flap of the operculum is much larger than the other.
Gonosome.—Gonangium arising from the face of the stem, in its proximal portion, from the central part of the internode, nearly at right angles to the stem; 1.2 mm. long, 0.8 mm. in diameter; pedicel short and stout. Gonangium strongly corrugated, distally truncated, with a full sized opening.
Distribution—Santa Elena Bay, 10 fathoms; San Francisco Bay, 2 fathoms; Santa Maria Bay, 10 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, low tide.
Sertularia exigua Allman
Sertularia exigua ALLMAN, Hyd. Gulf Stream, 1877, p. 24. Fraser, Jap. Hyd., II, 1936, p. 50.
Distribution —Port Culebra, low tide; ‘Tangola-Tangola, low tide; Santa Maria Bay, 10 fathoms; off Thurloe Point, 8-10 fathoms.
| |
a
SSS SS
No. l FRASER: HYDROIDS 55
Sertularia furcata Trask Sertularia furcata TRASK, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sc., 1857, p. 112. Fraser, West Coast Hyd., 1911, p. 72.
Distribution —Oft Thurloe Point, 8-10 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, low tide and in 10-15 fathoms.
Sertularia mayeri Nutting
Sertularia mayeri NutTTING, Am. Hyd., Part II, 1904, p. 58.
Distribution—Santa Elena Bay, 5-6 fathoms and 10-12 fathoms; north of White Friars, 5-10 fathoms.
Sertularia stookeyi Nutting
Sertularia stookeyi NutTTING, Am. Hyd., Part II, 1904, p. 59. Fraser, Beaufort Hyd., 1912, p. 375. Distribution——North shore of Wenman Island, low tide; off Albe- marle Point, on floating Sargassum; Santa Elena Bay, 5-7 fathoms; San Francisco Bay, 2 fathoms; Pacora Island, 15-25 fathoms; Tangola- Tangola, on coral at low tide; off White Friars, 25 fathoms.
Sertularia versluysi Nutting
Sertularia versluysi NutTtiNG, Am. Hyd., Part II, 1904, p. 53. Fraser, Beaufort Hyd., 1912, p. 375.
Distribution—Tagus Cove, low tide; reef north of entrance to Tagus Cove, low tide.
Genus THUIARIA
Thuiaria simplex, new species Plate 13, Fig. 63
Trophosome.—Colony unbranched, slender, 12 mm. high. Stem di- vided into regular internodes by slightly oblique nodes. Hydrothecae regularly alternating, one to each internode; gradually curved from base to margin; of much the same diameter throughout; margin with two blunt teeth; operculum of two flaps. The distal portion on the
56 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
proximal or upper side seems to collapse readily so that many of the hydrothecae have an appearance similar to that of a Diphasia hydro- theca.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution—Santa Elena Bay, 10 fathoms; San Francisco Bay, 2 fathoms; Gorgona Island, 5-6 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, low tide.
Thuiaria tubuliformis (Markt.)
Dynamena tubuliformis MARKTANNER- [URNERETSCHER, Hyd. des K. K. Natur. Hofmuseums, 1890, p. 238.
Thuiaria tubuliformis Nuttinc, Am. Hyd., Part II, 1904, p. 70.
Distribution—North shore of Wenman Island, low tide; Albe- marle Point, low tide; Banks Bay, low tide; Narborough Lagoon, low tide; reef north of entrance to T'agus Cove, low tide; South Seymour Island, low tide; Sulivan Bay, low tide; Cartago Bay, low tide; Santa Elena Bay, 10-12 fathoms; Gorgona Island, low tide; Port Utria, low tide; Jicarita Island, low tide; Bahia Honda, low tide; T’angola-Tan- gola, low tide.
Family Plumularidae Genus AGLAOPHENIA Aglaophenia diegensis Torrey Aglaophenia diegensis Torrey, Hyd. of the Pac. Coast, 1902, p. 71. Fraser, West Coast Hyd., 1911, p. 71.
Distribution—North shore of Wenman Island, low tide; Tagus Cove, 30 fathoms; reef north of entrance to agus Cove, low tide; Santa Maria Bay, low tide; South Bay, Cerros Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Aglaophenia inconspicua Torrey
Aglaophenia inconspicua Torrey, Hyd. of Pac. Coast, 1902, p. 71.
Distribution—Near Christopher Point, Albemarle Island, low tide; Black Beach, low tide; Santa Maria Bay, 35-40 fathoms.
Se
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 57.
Aglaophenia praecisa, new species Plate 13, Fig. 64
Trophosome.—Colony small, 12 mm. high, divided into regular internodes, each of which bears a hydrocladium. Hydrocladia nearly in the same plane, given off almost at right angles to the stem. Hydro- thecae closely approximated; Margin with 9 teeth, the median sharp, retrorse, but not very markedly so; the first, second, and third pairs, rounded and nearly equal; the fourth pair more slender and sharper. The widest angle lies between the first and second teeth on each side, and the most acute between the median tooth and the first pair. Intra- thecal ridges present but not strongly marked; lateral nematophores reaching above the margin of the hydrotheca; median nematophore short, not reaching nearly to the margin of the hydrotheca; the three nemato- phores on each cauline internode similarly tubular.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution——Santa Maria Bay, 10 fathoms.
Aglaophenia rigida Allman Aglaophenia rigida ALLMAN, Hyd. Gulf Stream, 1877, p. 43. Fraser, Beaufort Hyd., 1912, p. 378.
Distribution—Off White Friars, 25 fathoms; Isabel Island, 10- 25 fathoms; Santa Maria Bay, 10 fathoms and 35-40 fathoms.
Genus ANTENNELLA
Antennella avalonia Torrey
Antennella avalonia Torrey, Hyd. Pac. Coast, 1902, p. 74. Distribution—FEast of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
Antennella compacta, new species Plate 13, Fig. 65
Trophosome.—Colony small, 6 or 7 mm.; one or two proximal internodes, long and without hydrothecae, have a varying number of nematophores; the remainder of the hydrocladium is divided into alter- nating hydrothecate and nonhydrothecate internodes; the hydrothecate internode, with a transverse node proximally and an oblique node dis-
58 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
tally, has the usual type of hydrotheca for this genus, with a mesial nematophore just proximal to it (like that of 4. gracilis), and a pair, one on each side, much larger, with a trumpet-shaped distal section (like those of 4. secundaria); the nonhydrothecate internode is short and has but one nematophore.
Gonosome.—Gonangium, arising from the hydrothecate internode, just proximal to the mesial nematophore, obovate and curved, tapering at the base to a short pedicel; two nematophores where the gonangium joins the pedicel.
Distribution.—South Bay, Cerros Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Antennella gracilis Allman
Antennella gracilis ALLMAN, Hyd. Gulf Stream, 1877, p. 38.
Distribution—South of Clarion Island, 32 fathoms; Secas Islands, 25 fathoms; Tangola-Tangola, 15-20 fathoms; off White Friars, 25 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms; Isabel Island, 10-25 fathoms.
Genus ANTENNULARIA
Antennularia alternata, new species Plate 13, Fig. 66
Trophosome.—Main stem, 70 mm. long, simple, straight, canalicu- lated. Hydrocladia given off in two series, one on each side of the stem, in the same plane or almost so; those in the two series regularly alter- nating with each other. Each hydrocladium arises from a process of the stem, at least half as long as the first internode; each hydrocladial internode bears one cup-shaped hydrotheca near the middle, adhering to the hydrocladium throughout its whole length. The nodes may be transverse or somewhat oblique; no definite septal ridges. “—Two-cham- bered nematophores appear on the main stem, usually two between two succeeding hydrocladia on the same side. There is a low, immovable, one-chambered nematophore on a papilla at the base of the hydrocladial process and one movable, two-chambered nematophore farther out on the process; on each internode of the hydrocladium there is a nemato- phore below the hydrotheca and one, some distance above; two immedi- ately above.
a
SES
= SSS So He
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 59
Gonosome.—Gonangia appearing in pairs on the more distal hydro- cladial processes; concavo-convex, with the concave side toward the stem; shaped like a bent pear.
Distribution—North of Wenman Island, 100-150 fathoms.
This species is a typical Antennularian except for the hydrocladial arrangement, which is as definitely Plumularian. In this it agrees with Nemertesia disticha (Heller).
Antennularia irregularis, new species Plate 13, Fig. 67
Trophosome.—Colony plumose, 5 cm. high; nodes not regularly placed or well marked. Slender hydrocladia irregularly arranged, on several sides of the stem, proximally, but with a tendency to an oppo- site arrangement, distally; sometimes regularly alternate, at other times, subopposite. It is difficult to describe the hydrocladia, as no two are quite alike. In some cases the proximal internode is hydrothecate, in others there may be one, two, or even three nonhydrothecate internodes before the first hydrothecate internode; there may be one, two, or three intermediate internodes; all or nearly all of them have a distinct ridge near each end. Each internode bears a mesial nematophore, some of the intermediate internodes, two; there are two supracalycine nemato- phores. A cauline nematophore is present on the shoulder that bears the hydrocladium and, in some cases, one is present on the medial por- tion of the internode.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Disiribution—South of La Plata Island, 45-55 fathoms.
Antennularia tetraseriata, new species Plate 14, Fig. 68
Trophosome.—Stem stout (fragment 2 cm. long), simple, canalicu- lated with large canals. Hydrocladia in four series, in two opposite pairs, i.e., decussate; each hydrocladium arises from a process of the stem about half of the length of the hydrocladial internode. Each inter- node bears one shallow hydrotheca, slightly proximal to the middle of the internode; a distinct septal ridge near each end of each internode. Cauline nematophores in line with the hydrocladial processes, two be- tween each two successive hydrocladia, one large nematophore in the
60 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
axil of the process; on the process, there is one low one-chambered nematophore and one two-chambered, on the proximal hydrocladial internode; one below the hydrotheca and a pair immediately above it; other internodes usually have two proximal nematophores. Gonosome.—Not observed. Distribution—South of Clarion Island, 55 fathoms.
Genus CLADOCARPUS
Cladocarpus tortus, new species Plate 14, Fig. 69
Trophosome.—Stem simple, unbranched, 30 mm. high. A twist in the stem just proximal to the first hydrocladium shows three distinct nodes; otherwise there are no nodes indicated on the stem. Hydrocladia regularly alternate, but not quite in the same plane, the longest 6 mm., each arising from a distinct process of the stem; divided into regular internodes, each of which is almost entirely occupied by a hydrotheca. Hydrotheca much deeper than wide, the margin with a median, small, sharp tooth, lateral to which there are four shallow, rounded teeth, the last one sometimes indented. The supracalycine nematophores do not reach beyond the margin of the hydrotheca; the mesial nematophore projects outward, partly adherent to the hydrotheca, jointed near the base. A septal ridge is present at the base of the supracalycine nemato- phore, one at the base of the hydrotheca and three between them, but all of them are faint and short. There are two broad nematophores in the axil of the hydrocladial process, one on its face and one a short distance below this in the main stem. On the portion of the stem proxi- mal to the first hydrocladium, there is a row of nematophores, rather close together distally, but more and more distant toward the base.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution—South of La Plata Island, 45-55 fathoms.
Genus DIPLOCHEILUS
Diplocheilus alimani Torrey
Diplocheilus allmani ‘Torrey, Hyd. of San Diego, 1904, p. 36. Fraser, West Coast Hyd., 1911, p. 81.
Distribution—Santa Maria Bay, low tide; off Thurloe Point, 8-10 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, 10-15 fathoms.
No. l FRASER: HYDROIDS 61
Genus LYTOCARPUS Lytocarpus philippinus (Kirchenpauer)
Aglaophenia philippina KiRCHEPAUER, Ueber die Hyd. Fam. Plumu- laridae, Part I, 1872, p. 45. Lytocarpus philippinus Nutrinc, Am. Hyd., Part I, 1900, p. 122. Distribution—Santa Elena Bay, 5-7 fathoms and 10-12 fathoms; La Plata Island, 10-12 fathoms; San Francisco Bay, 2 fathoms; Gor- gona Island, on coral at low tide; Port Utria, on coral at low tide; Bahia Honda, 15-25 fathoms; Secas Islands, 15 and 25 fathoms; South Viradores Islands, 8-10 fathoms; off White Friars, 25 fathoms; off Morro de Petatlan, 25 fathoms; off Tenacatita Point, 10 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
Genus MONOSTAECHAS Monostaechas quadridens (McCrady)
Plumularia quadridens McCrapy, Proc. Elliott Soc., 1859, p. 199. Monostaechas quadridens NutTtTING, Am. Hyd., Part I, 1900, p. 75.
Distribution—Braithwaite Bay, 16-18 fathoms; south of Clarion Island, 50 fathoms; Black Beach, low tide; San Francisco Bay, 2 and 3-8 fathoms; Port Utria, 15-20 fathoms; Pacora Island, 15-25 fathoms; Secas Islands, 15 fathoms; Tangola-Tangola, 15-20 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Genus PLUMULARIA
Plumularia acutifrons, new species Plate 14, Fig. 70
Trophosome.—Colony small and slender, up to 2 cm. in height, but mostly shorter than this. Stem divided into regular short internodes, each somewhat rounded at each end, giving a constricted appearance to the stem at each node. Each internode bears a hydrocladium near its distal end; the hydrocladia alternate. The hydrocladial process grows rather from the face of the internode than from the lateral surface, the successive hydrocladia being little more than 30° from each other. Each hydrocladium is divided into alternate nonhydrothecate and hydrothecate internodes, the proximal being nonhydrothecate. The nonhydrothecate
62 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
are short with a well marked septal ridge; the hydrothecate are rela-
tively long, nearly equal in depth and breadth with the hydrotheca near
the distal end; there is a strong septal ridge near each end. There are
two supracalycine nematophores and one mesial one on each hydro-
thecate internode, none on the nonhydrothecate. There is one cauline
nematophore on each internode, just distal to the hydrocladial process. Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution—Off Thurloe Point, 8-10 fathoms.
Plumularia alicia Torrey
Plumularia alicia Torrey, Hyd. Pac. Coast, 1902, p. 75. Torrey, Hyd. San Diego, 1904, p. 37.
Distribution—South Bay, Cerros Island, low tide.
Plumularia alternata Nutting Plate 14, Fig. 71
Plumularia alternata NuTTING, Am. Hyd., Part I, 1900, p. 62. FraAsER, Beaufort Hyd., 1912, p. 381.
Trophosome.—Colony simple, unbranched, 12 mm. Stem geniculate, divided into internodes of which every alternate one bears a hydrotheca and a hydrocladium. Hydrocladia divided into regular internodes, hydro- thecate and nonhydrothecate alternating, the proximal one being non- hydrothecate; hydrothecate internodes bounded by oblique nodes proxi- mally and transverse nodes distally. Hydrotheca deeply campanulate, with about one third of the distal portion free. Supracalycine nemato- phores present, and mesial nematophores on both types of internodes. There is one nematophore on each internode of the stem and one at the axil of the hydrocladium.
Gonosome.—(Not previously described.) Gonangia arise in verticils of four just below the bases of the cauline hydrothecae, each gonangium with a short pedicel, with two or three annulations. The gonangium is the shape of a curved cornucopia, enlarging gradually to the distal end, which is almost truncate. Each gonangium bears two nematophores. ‘The blastostyle follows the curve of the gonangium and had a definite enlargement near its distal end.
Distribution —Braithwaite Bay, on coral at low tide; north of
Wenman Island, 100-150 fathoms; and at low tide; Black Beach, low
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 63
tide; Santa Elena Bay, 8-12 fathoms; Port Utria, on coral at low tide; Jicarita Island, low tide; Pacora Island, 15-25 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms; Isabel Island, 15-25 fathoms.
Plumularia biarmata, new species Plate 14, Fig. 72
Trophosome.—Colony with slender stem, 10 mm. high, and long, slender hydrocladia. The stem is divided into regular internodes by distinct nodes; each internode gives off a hydrocladial process near its distal end; the hydrocladia alternating from side to side in the same plane. Hydrocladia bearing as many as 8 hydrothecae; the first inter- node is short with a transverse node proximally and an oblique one distally; it does not bear a hydrotheca. All the other internodes are hydrothecate. The internode is long and slender and the hydrotheca is
| situated not far from the distal end. Each internode is rounded at each
| end, so that the hydrocladium is very slender at the nodes. The
_ hydrotheca is but slightly deeper than wide. On each hydrothecate inter-
node but the first there are two mesial nematophores, one not far from the base and the other near the base of the hydrotheca; the first one has but one; there are two supracalycine nematophores. There is no nemato- phore on the proximal internode; there is one at the axil of the hydro-
_ cladial process and another cauline one, a short distance above it on
the next internode.
. Gonosome.—Not observed.
| Distribution—Bahia Honda, 15-25 fathoms; Secas Islands, 15 fath-
oms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms.
Plumularia corrugata Nutting
} Plumularia corrugata NuTTING, Am. Hyd., Part I, 1900, p. 64. | FrAsER, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 205.
Distribution.—South Bay, Cerros Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Plumularia defecta, new species Plate 15, Fig. 73
Trophosome.—Colony small, 8 mm., simple, unbranched; stem di- | vided into regular internodes by single transverse nodes. Hydrocladia alternate, one to each internode, given off near the distal end; each
64 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
hydrocladium with alternating nonhydrothecate and hydrothecate inter- nodes, the proximal being nonhydrothecate; nodes alternately trans- verse and slightly oblique. Hydrotheca nearly equal in depth and breadth. ‘Iwo supracalycine nematophores and a mesial on the hydrothe- cate internode, none on the nonhydrothecate internodes; two nemato- phores at the axil of the hydrocladium and one on the cauline internode on the side opposite the hydrocladium.
The characteristic feature of the species is the lack of nematophores on the nonhydrothecate internodes.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution —Offt La Plata Island, 45-55 fathoms.
Plumularia delicata Nutting
Plumularia delicata Nuttinc, Hawaiian Hyd., 1905, p. 951. Distribution—North of Wenman Island, 100-150 fathoms.
Plumularia filicula Allman Plumularia filicula ALLMAN, Hyd. Gulf Stream, 1877, p. 29. Nuttinc, Am. Hyd., Part I, 1900, p. 58. Distribution —Offt La Plata Island, 45-55 fathoms.
Plumularia floridana Nutting
Plumularia floridana NutTTING, Am. Hyd., Part I, 1900, p. 59.
Distribution —Albemarle Point, low tide; Santa Elena Bay, on drifting Sargassum and in 10-12 fathoms; Pacora Island, 15-25 fath- oms; Tangola-Tangola, on coral at low tide.
Plumularia inermis Nutting Plate 15, Fig. 74
Plumularia inermis Nuttinc, Am. Hyd., Part I, 1900, p. 62. Fraser, Beaufort Hyd., 1912, p. 382.
Trophosome.—Colony simple, unbranched, 12 mm., divided into | long, slender internodes, each of which bears a hydrocladium from a process near the distal end. ‘The hydrocladia are divided into regular internodes, all of which, including the proximal, bear hydrothecae, ex-
No. | FRASER: HYDROIDS 65
cept very occasionally, when there may be an intermediate internode. These internodes are long and slender so that there is a long interval between the successive hydrothecae. Hydrotheca shallow campanulate; supracalycine nematophores absent. There is a nematophore above and one below the hydrotheca and one at the axil of each hydrocladium. Hydranths too large to be entirely retracted into the hydrotheca. Gonosome.—(Not previously described.) Gonangium arising from the hydrocladial process of the stem; elongated obovate, with a very short pedicel; nearly twice as long as the hydrocladial internode. Distribution ——Black Beach, low tide; Post Office Bay, 35-40 fath-
oms. Plumularia lagenifera Allman
Plumularia lagenifera ALLMAN, Proc. Linn. Soc. London, 1885, p. 157. Nuttinc, Am. Hyd., Part I, 1900, p. 65. Fraser, Hyd. of Vancouver Island, 1914, p. 207.
Distribution—James Bay, 50-70 fathoms; Cartago Bay, 32 fath- oms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms; Santa Maria Bay, 10 fathoms; off Thurloe Point, 8-10 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Plumularia magellanica Hartlaub Piate 15, Fig. 75
Plumularia magellanica Hartiaus, Magellan Hyd., 1905, p. 684.
Trophosome.—Colony rather diminutive, 4 mm. high; main stem erect or slightly geniculate, definitely divided into internodes. From near the distal end of each internode a hydrocladium, if it can be called such, is given off, these regularly alternating and in the same plane. The hydrocladium may consist of a support for a single hydro- theca, or for two or more in a series, the support in each case having one or more nodes present. In each instance where there is more than one hydrotheca in the series, the extra hydrothecae are supported by pedicel-like structures arising from the preceding one, just below the hydrotheca. In each the pedicel or support becomes gradually broader from the proximal to the distal end, where it meets the hydrotheca. There are no nematophores anywhere in the colony.
Gonosome.—(Not previously described.) Gonangium arising from the hydrocladial process of the stem, or directly from the internode;
66 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
smooth, elongate, obovate, nearly twice as long as the hydrocladial internode. Distribution.—Black Beach, at low tide and in 25-40 fathoms. This species is so far from being a typical plumularian that it is a question if it should not be placed in a new genus.
Plumularia margaretta (Nutting)
Monotheca margaretta Nuttinc, Am. Hyd., Part I, 1900, p. 72. Plumularia margaretta LELoup, West Indian Hyd., 1935, p. 54.
Distribution—La Plata Island, 10-12 fathoms.
Plumularia propinqua, new species Plate 15, Fig. 76
Trophosome.—Colony slender, 5 cm.; stem simple, divided into regular internodes by well-marked nodes, each bearing a single hydro- cladium on a prominent process near the distal end, the hydrocladia alternating from side to side but in the same plane. The first hydro- cladial internode is short and does not bear a hydrotheca, but all the other internodes, as many as five, are hydrothecate, each bearing one hydrotheca. ‘he node between the first internode and the first hydrothe- cate internode is oblique, all the rest are transverse. Hydrotheca nearly equal in depth and breadth, or the depth is slightly greater; septal ridges absent ; two supracalycine nematophores and one mesial nematophore on each hydrocladial internode that bears a hydrotheca, one in the axil of the hydrocladium and one medially placed on the cauline internode, on the side opposite the hydrocladial process.
Gonosomé.—Gonangia small, not much larger than the hydrothecae; oval, arising from the axils of the hydrocladia, by a short pedicel.
Distribution Santa Elena Bay, 10-12 fathoms; Gorgona Island, 20 fathoms; Jicaron Island, 25-30 fathoms; Secas Islands, 25 fathoms; Tangola-Tangola, 15-20 fathoms; off White Friars, 25 fathoms; east of islands off Navidad Head, 25-35 fathoms; Isabel Island, 10-25 fathoms.
Plumularia setacea (Ellis)
Corallina setacea Exits, Nat. Hist. Corallines, 1755, p. 19. Plumularia setacea Hincxs, Br. Hyd. Zoophytes, 1868, p. 296.
Distribution —South of Clarion Island, 50 fathoms; north of Wen- man Island, low tide; Albemarle Point, low tide; Black Beach, low tide; between Charles and Indefatigable islands, 60 fathoms.
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 67
Plumularia sinuosa, new species Plate 15, Fig. 77
Trophosome.—Colony small, slender, 10-12 mm.; stem sinuous. The distal end of each internode is furcate, one portion continues as the next cauline internode and the other as a hydrocladium; these alter- nate from side to side. The hydrocladium consists of alternating non- hydrothecate and hydrothecate internodes, the proximal, a short one, being without a hydrotheca. The nonhydrothecate internode has a transverse node proximally and an oblique node distally, the hydrothe- cate internode, the reverse. ‘The hydrotheca is deeply cup-shaped, cen- trally placed, with its margin free from the surface of the internode. On each cauline internode there is a nematophore at the angle of bifur- cation, and one almost centrally placed on the side away from the hydrocladium; there is no nematophore on the proximal hydrocladial internode, but there is one on each of the other nonhydrothecate inter- nodes; on each hydrothecate internode there is a nematophore proximal to the hydrotheca and two nematophores overtopping the hydrotheca.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Distribution Braithwaite Bay, 30 fathoms; Academy Bay, 17-22 fathoms.
Genus SCHIZOTRICHA Schizotricha tenella (Verrill) Plumularia tenella VERRILL, Invert. Vineyard Sound, 1874, p. 731. Schizotricha tenella NutTtTING, Am. Hyd., Part I, 1900, p. 80. Distribution —Jicaron Island, 25-30 fathoms; Isabel Island, 10-25
fathoms.
Genus STREPTOCAULUS
Streptocaulus pulcherrimus Allman
Streptocaulus pulcherrimus ALLMAN, Challenger Hyd., I, 1883, p. 48. Nuttinc, Am. Hyd., Part I, 1900, p. 129.
Distribution—Between Charles and Indefatigable islands, 60 fath- oms; off Post Office Bay, 70-80 fathoms; Gardner Bay, 25-35 fathoms.
Some fine specimens of this species, hitherto recorded only from the Cape de Verde Islands, are well provided with gonangia. The largest colony, taken in Gardner Bay, has a length of 56 cm.
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 69
BIBLIOGRAPHY
(Only those papers referred to in the synonymy or in the text are listed)
Acassiz, A.
1865. North American Acalephae. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, No. 2, pp. 1-234. Cambridge.
Acassiz, L.
1862. Contributions to the Natural History of the United States of America. IV, pp. 1-372. Boston.
ALDER, J.
1856. A notice of some new genera and species of British hydroid zoophytes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (2), XVIII, p. 353-362. London.
1857. A catalogue of the zoophytes of Northumberland and Durham. Tran- sactions of the Tyneside Naturalists’ Field Club, III, pp. 1-70. New- castle-on-Tyne.
1859. Description of three new species of sertularian zoophytes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (3), III, pp. 353-355. London.
1862. Description of some rare zoophytes found on the coast of North- umberland. Jbid., (3), IX, pp. 311-316.
1863. Supplement to a Catalogue of the Zoophytes of Northumberland and Durham. Transactions Tyneside Naturalists’ Field Club, V, (1860- 1862), pp. 224-247. Newcastle-on-Tyne.
ALLMAN, G. J.
1871. A monograph of the gymnoblastic or tubularian hydroids. Published for Ray Society in 2 parts, 450 pages, 23 plates. London.
1876. Diagnoses of new genera and species of hydroids. Journal of the Linnaean Society, XII, No. 60, pp. 251-284. London.
1877. Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales. Memoirs of the Museum of Compara- tive Zoology at Harvard College, V, No. 2, pp. 1-64, 34 plates. Cambridge.
1883. Report on the Hydroida dredged by H.M.S. Challenger, during the years 1873-1876. Part I, Plumularidae. Voyage of the Challenger, XX, pp. 1-54. London.
1886. New Hydroida from the collection of Miss H. Gatty. Journal of the Linnaean Society, XIX, pp. 132-161, London.
CaLkins, G. N.
1899. Some hydroids from Puget Sound. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, XXVIII, No. 13, pp. 333-367. Boston.
Crark, S. F.
1876. Description of new and rare hydroids from the New England coast. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences, III, Part I, 1875, pp. 58-86. New Haven.
70 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
1876. ‘The hydroids of the Pacific Coast of the United States south of Van- couver Island, with a report upon those in the museum of Yale Col- lege. Ibid., Part II, pp. 249-264.
1876. Report of the hydroids on the coast of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, collected by W. H. Dall from 1871-1874. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, pp. 205-238. Philadelphia.
CuarKE, S. F.
1879. Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream and Gulf of Mexico, by Alexander Agassiz, 1877-1878. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, V, pp. 239-250. Cambridge.
1882. New hydroids from Chesapeake Bay. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, III, No. 4, pp. 135-142. Boston.
1894. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross, during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. I. Tanner, U.S.N., commanding. Part XI, The Hydroids. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, XXV, No. 6, pp. 71-77, 5 plates. Cam- bridge.
1907. Reports of the scientific results of the exploration of the eastern tropi- cal Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Com- mission steamer Albatross from October, 1904, to March, 1905. Lieut. Commander L. M. Garrett, U.S.N., commanding. Part VIII, The Hydroids. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, XXXV, No. 1, pp. 1-18. Cambridge.
Concpon, E. D.
1907. The hydroids of Bermuda. Proceedings of the American Society of Arts and Sciences, XLII, No. 18, pp. 463-485. Boston.
IBELISh ye
1755. An essay towards the natural history of the corallines and other marine productions of the like kind, found off the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland. 128 pp. London.
Euuis, J.. and D. SOLANDER
1786. The natural history of many curious and uncommon zoophytes, col- lected from various parts of the globe. 208 pp. London.
FEWKES, J. W.
1881. Report on the Acalephae. Reports on the results of dredging, under supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Caribbean Sea in 1878, 1879, and along the Atlantic Coast of the United States during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey steamer Blake. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, VIII, No. 7, pp. 127-140. Cambridge.
Forses, E.
1848. A monograph of British naked-eyed medusae. Ray Society, 104 pp. London.
No. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS rs
FRASER, C. M.
1911. The hydroids of the west coast of North America. Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History. State University of Iowa, pp. 1-91. Iowa City.
1912. Notes on some New England hydroids. I[bid., pp. 39-48.
1912. Some hydroids of Beaufort, North Carolina. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, XXX, 1910, pp. 339-389. Washington, D.C.
1914. Some hydroids of the Vancouver Island region. ‘Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, (3), VIII, Section IV, pp. 99-216. Ottawa.
1914. Notes on some Alaskan hydroids. JIbid., pp. 217-222.
1918. Monobrachium parasitum and other west coast hydroids. Ibid., XII, pp. 131-138.
1918. Hydroids of eastern Canada. Contributions to Canadian Biology, 1916, 1917, pp. 329-367. Ottawa.
1925. Some new and some previously unreported hydroids, mainly from the California coast. University of California Publications in Zo- ology, XXVIII, No. 7, pp. 167-172. Berkeley.
1935. Some Japanese hydroids, mostly new. ‘Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, (3), XXIX, Section V, pp. 105-112. ‘Toronto.
1936. Some Japanese hydroids, mostly new. II, ibid., XXX, pp. 49-54.
1937. Hydroids of the Pacific Coast of Canada and the United States. The University of Toronto Press, pp. 1-207. ‘Toronto.
1937. New species of hydroids from the Puerto Rico region. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, IX, No. 28. Johnson Fund. Reports of the collections obtained by the First Johnson-Smithsonian Deep-Sea Expedition to the Puerto Rico Deep. Washington, D.C.
GAERTNER, J.
1774. In: Pallas, Spicilegia Zoologica, I, Fascicle 10, p. 40. Berlin.
GEGENBAUR, C. 1856. Versuch eines Systemes der Medusen. Zeitschrift fiir Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Bd. VIII. Leipzig. HARTLAvB, C. 1905. Die Hydroiden der magalhaensischen Region und chilienschen Kiiste. Bd. III, Heft 3, pp. 497-718. Jena. HASSALL, A. 1852. Description of three species of marine zoophytes. ‘Transactions of the Royal Microscopic Society, III. London. Hastincs, A. B.
1930. On the association of a gymnoblastic hydroid (Zanclea protecta, sp. n.) with various Cheilostomatous Polyzoa from the Tropical E. Pa- cific. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5), X, pp. 552-560. London.
Hincks, T.
1861. A catalogue of the zoophytes of South Devon and South Cornwall. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (3), VIII, pp. 152-161; 251-262; 290-297. London.
1868. A history of the British hydroid zoophytes. 2 vols. London.
72 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
JADERHOLM, E. 1904. Hydroiden aus den Kiisten von Chile. Arkiv for Zoologi utgifvet af K. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, II, No. 3, 7 pp. Stockholm.
1904. Mitteilungen iiber einige von dem Schwedischen Antarktischen Ex- pedition 1901-1903 eingesammelte Hydroiden. Archives de Zoologie expérimentale et générale, (4), III, Notes and Revue, No. 1, 14 pp. Paris.
1905. Hydroiden aus antarktischen und subantarktischen Meeren gesam- melt von der schwedischen Siidpolarexpedition. Wissen. Ergebn. des Schwedischen Siidpolar Expedition, 1901-1903, unter Leitung von Dr. O. Nordenskjold, (5), VIII, 41 pp. Stockholm.
JouNsTOoN, G. H. 1847. History of British zoophytes. Ed. II in 2 vols. London.
KIRCHENPAUER, G. H.
1872. Ueber die Hydroidenfamilie Plumularidae, einzelne Gruppen der- selben und ihre Fruchtbehalter, Abth. 1, Aglaophenia. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, Bd. VI. Hamburg.
LELOuP, E.
1935. Hydraires Calyptoblastiques des Indes Occidentales. Memoires der Musée Royal D’Histoire Naturelle de Belgique. (2), Fascicle 2, 73 pp. Brussels.
LINNAEUS, C.
1758. Systema Naturae. 10th Edition. Lipsiae. 1767. Systema Naturae. 12th Edition. Holmiae.
McCrapy, J.
1859. Description of Oceania nutricula, nov. spec., and the embryological history of a singular medusa larva found in the cavity of its bell. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, Vol. I (for 1853-1858), pp. 55-90. Charleston.
1859. Gymnothalmata of Charleston Harbor. Read before the Elliott So- ciety of Natural History, April 15, 1857. Ibid., I, pp. 103-221.
MARKTANNER-T URNERETSCHER, G.
1890. Die Hydroiden des K. K. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, V, Part II, pp. 195-286. Wein.
1895. Hydroiden in: Zoologische Ergebnisse der im Jahre 1889 auf Kosten der Bremer Geographischen Gesellschaft von Dr. Willy Kiikenthal und Dr. Alfred Walter ausgefiihrten Expedition nach Ost Spitz- bergen. Zoologische Jahrbiicher, VIII, pp. 391-438. Jena.
Mayer, A. G.
1910. Medusae of the world. 3 vols. Carnegie Institution, Washington, Due
NO. 1 FRASER: HYDROIDS 73
NurrinG, C. C.
1899. Hydroida from Alaska and Puget Sound. Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, XXI, pp. 741-753. Washington, D.C.
1900. American Hydroids. Part I, Plumularidae. Special Bulletin, U.S. National Museum, 142 pp. Washington, D.C.
1901. The hydroids of the Woods Hole region. U.S. Fish Commission Bulletin for 1899, XIX, pp. 325-386. Washington, D.C.
1901. Letter to the Editor, American Naturalist, XX XV, p. 789. Boston.
1901. Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. XXI, The Hydroids. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, III, pp. 157- 216. Washington, D.C.
1904. American hydroids, Part II, The Sertularidae. Special Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum, 152 pp. Washington, D.C.
1905. Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the Steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the U.S. Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931- 959. Washington, D.C.
1915. American hydroids. Part III, The Campanularidae and the Bonne- viellidae. Special Bulletin U.S. National Museum, 126 pp. Wash- ington, D.C.
RITCHIE, J.
1907. On collections of the Cape de Verde Islands marine fauna. ‘The Hydroids. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, pp. 488-514. London.
Sars, G. O.
1873. Bidrag til Kundskaben om Norges Hydroider. Videnskabs-Sels- kabets Forhandlinger for 1872. Christiania.
Sars, M.
1851. Beretning om en i Sommeren 1849 foretagen Zoologisk Reise i Lofoten og Finmarken. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, Bd. VI. Christiania.
STECHOW, E.
1919. Zur Kenntnis der Hydroiden fauna des Mittelsmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete. Zoologischen Jahrbiichern Abteilung fiir Syste- matik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere. Band XLII, Heft 1 and 2,172 pp. Jena.
1923. Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelsmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete. II Teil. Jbid., Bd. XLVII, pp. 29-270.
Torrey, H. B.
1902. The Hydroida of the Pacific Coast of North America. University of California Publications in Zoology, I, pp. 1-104. Berkeley.
1904. The hydroids of the San Diego region. Jdid., II, pp. 1-43.
TRASK, J. B.
1857. On some new microscopic organisms. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, I. San Francisco.
74 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
VERRILL, A. E.
1874. Report of the invertebrate animals of Vineyard Sound and adjacent waters. Report of the U.S. Fish Commission, 1871-72, pp. 295-747, Washington, D.C.
’
Wricut, T. S.
1858. Observations on British Zoophytes. Proceedings of the Royal Physi- cal Society of Edinburgh, I, pp. 447-455. Edinburgh.
1859. Observations on British Zoophytes. Edinburgh New Philosophica! Journal, New Series, VIII, pp. 105-114. Edinburgh.
76
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS
PWAVe El
Clava parva a. Nutritive zooid. b. Generative zooid.
Corydendrium flabellatum a. Portion of fascicled stem. b. Hydranth extended.
Tubiclava laxa
Colony showing nutritive and generative zooids.
Tubiclava triserialis A single zooid.
Balea trregularis Portion of fascicled stem and zooids.
Coryne repens a. ‘Two zooids. b. Zooid with sporosacs.
VoL. +
Pll
FRASER: HYDROIDS
No. 1
Bigs 7 IRstfee, Bi Rig. 9 Bigs 110:
ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS
PLATE 2
Eugemmaria dendritica a. Portion of colony showing branch and zooids.
b. Portion of colony showing zooids and sporosacs.
Syncoryne flexibilts a. A single zooid. b. Zooid with medusa buds.
Bimeria laxa Portion of colony.
Bimeria pygmaea Portion of colony.
VOL. +
FRASER: HYDROIDS JOR
oe pene wot
| || Npeeeten \ \
80
Fig.
5 lila
pe,
14.
ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4+
PEATE 3
Bougainvillia crassa Portion of colony showing fascicled stem, branches, hydranths, and medusa buds.
Perigonimus robustus Portion of colony.
Eudendrium breve Two zooids.
Eudendrium certicaule a. Portion of female colony with sporosacs. b. Portion of male colony with sporosacs.
No. |
FRASER: HYDROIDS
Pie
a wetting & Se PIC
vata ra sl y Lea
ee ee
Z, es oom 4 SSS e =>. a, is
“Stara f Whites) vy
nat ¢ Pate “h
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
15.
16.
Wp
18.
119%
20.
ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS
PLATE 4
Eudendrium nodosum
Portion of colony.
Hydractinia disjuncta aandb. Nutritive zooids.
candd. Female generative zooids.
eandf. Spines.
Hydractinia epispongia aandb. Nutritive zooids.
candd. Male generative zooids.
e.
Dactylozooid.
Hydractinia hancock
a. b. or
d.
Nutritive zooid.
Female generative zooid.
Male generative zooid.
Basal network with spheroidal bodies.
Hydractinia longtspina
a. b. Cc:
d.
Nutritive zooid.
Female generative zooid. Male generative zooid. Spine.
Hydractinia multispina aandb. Nutritive zooids.
Cc.
d.
Female generative zooid. Spine.
VoL. +
FRASER? HYDROIDS
84+
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
03
21.
22.
23.
pS
ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
PAPAIN 5
Hydractinia jolycarpa
a. Nutritive zooid.
b. Female generative zooid. c. Dactylozooid.
dj spine:
Hydractinia quadrigemina
a. Nutritive zooid.
b. Nutritive zooid, male generative zooid and _ spine. c.. Male generative zooid.
d. Spine.
Podocoryne reticulata a. Nutritive zooid. b and c. Generative zooids with medusa-buds.
Tubularia integra A zooid showing proximal and distal tentacles and gonophores.
86
ities, ie
ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS
PLATE 6
Tubularia multidentata a. Immature zooid. b. Zooid with tentacles and gonophores.
c. One gonophore.
VOL. +
88
Fig.
Fig.
ig. 28.
Di
5 aD)
30:
b will
ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS
PLATE 7 Bonnevie!la minor Two zoids growing from a stolon.
Campanularia emarginata a,b, andc. Hydrothecae.
Campanularia gracilicaulis aandb. Hydrothecae.
Clytia acutidentata a. Colony with two hydrothecae.
b. Colony with hydrothecae and gonangia.
Clytia carinadentata Colony with hydrothecae.
Clytia fascicularis
a. Fascicled stem with hydrothecae. b. Single hydrotheca.
c. Gonangium.
VOL. 4
PL.
FRASER? HYDROIDS
aC
29b
27¢
28b
27b
90,
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
32. 33. 34.
35.
36.
Sis
38.
ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. +
PLADE 8
Clytia irregularis Colony with hydrothecae and gonangia.
Clytia multidentata Hydrotheca.
Clytia raridentata Hydrotheca and gonangium.
Clytia sertata a. Portion of colony showing nature of series. b. Portion of colony with hydrothecae and gonangium.
Eucopella minor a. Hydrotheca. b. Gonangium.
Gonothyraea serialts
a. Colony with hydrothecae. b. Gonangium in axil.
c. Gonangium on stolon.
Obelia alternata a. Colony showing arrangement of hydrothecae. b. Colony with hydrothecae and gonangium.
8
Pi.
FRASER: HYDROIDS
NO.
i)
bj <7 ays
‘,
SC aaa
35a
ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
ALANINE, ©)
Fig. 39. Obelia equilateralis a. Colony showing arrangement of hydrothecae. b. Portion of colony with gonangium.
Fig. 40. Obelia microtheca aandb. Colonies showing hydrothecae. candd. Gonangia.
Fig. 41. Obelia obtusidens a. Colony with hydrothecae. b. Gonangium.
Fig. 42. Obelia tenuis a. Small colony. b. Larger colony with hydrothecae and gonangia.
Fig. 43. Campanulina ramosa A colony showing arrangement of hydrothecae.
Fig. 44. Lovene!la nodosa a. Portion of colony with hydrothecae and gonangium. - b. Hydrotheca with longer pedicel.
PL. 9
FRASER? HYDROIDS
NO.
ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 4
PEAIE 10
Fig. 45. Halecium fasciculatum a. Portion of colony showing fascicled stem. b. Portion of branch, not fascicled. c. Gonangium.
Fig. 46. Halectum insolens a. Colonies showing arrangement of hydrothecae. b. Gonangia.
Fig. 47. Halecium regulare Colony showing arrangement of hydrothecae.
Fig. 48. Halectum tortum a. Fascicled stem. b. Portion of colony showing arrangement of hydrothecae.
Fig. 49. Halectum vagans Colony showing branching.
Fig. 50. Ophtodissa laxa Portion of colony showing arrangement of hydrothecae and tentacular organs.
PL. lO
FRASER: HYDROIDS
96
Fig.
Si
BS Bn
5 a
WN ay
. 56.
ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS voL. 4
RvAdsr ed
Ophiodissa negligens aandb. Colonies showing arrangement of hydrothecae and tentacular organs.
Scandia corrugata Colony showing hydrothecae and gonangia.
Lafoea intermedia
a. Natural size showing coppinia. b. Portion of fascicled stem.
c. Terminal portion of branch.
d. Coppinia.
Lictorella adhaerens a. Portion of fascicled stem. b. Portion of branch.
Synthectum projectum Portion of colony arrangement of hydrothecae.
Synthecium rigidum Portion of colony showing arrangement of hydrothecae.
FRASER: HYDROIDS ee 1
98
Fig.
Fig.
57.
& Ske
5 DM
60.
ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. +
RAG eZ
Synthecium symmetricum
a. Portion of branch showing arrangement of hydrothecae. b. Portion of stem showing origin of branches.
ec. Gonangia.
Sertularella ampullacea Portion of colony showing branching and hydrothecae.
Sertularella exilis aandb. Portions of colony showing arrangement of hydrothecae.
Sertularella incisa a. Portion of stem showing branching. b. Portion of branch.
100
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
61.
62.
63.
64.
66.
67.
ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS
PIPACE 13
Sertularia anceps Colony showing branching.
Sertularia dispar a. Portion of stem, face view. b. Portion of stem, back view. c. Gonangium.
Thuiaria simplex
VoL. +
Portion of colony showing arrangement of hydrothecae.
Aglaophenia praecisa a. Two hydrothecae on a hydrocladium. b. The same further enlarged.
Antennella compacta a. Portion of colony showing hydrothecae. b. Gonangium.
Antennularta alternata Portion of colony showing branching, hydrothecae and gonangia.
Antennularta irregularis Portion of colony showing branching and hydrothecae.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS voL. +
PLATE 14
Antennularia tetraseriata Portion of colony showing hydrocladia arrangement.
Cladocarpus tortus a. Basal portion of stem.
b. Portion of stem and proximal hydrothecae on the hydrocladia.
c. Lateral view of hydrocladium.
Plumularta acutifrons Portion of colony showing hydrocladia.
Plumularta alternata a. Portion of colony showing hydrocladia. b. Gonangia.
Plumularia biarmata Portion of colony showing hydrocladia.
PL. 14
FRASER? HYDROIDS
104
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
We
Wage
76.
77.
ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS
PEARES 15
Plumularia defecta Portion of colony showing hydrocladia.
Plumularia inermis
a. Portion of colony showing hydrocladia.
b. Gonangia.
Plumularia magellanica a. Colony showing hydrocladia. b. Gonangia.
Plumularta propinqua a. Colony showing hydrocladia. b. Gonangia.
Plumularia sinuosa Portion of colony showing hydrocladia.
VoL. +
Pe.
FRASER: HYDROIDS
REPORTS ON THE COLLECTIONS OBTAINED BY ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS OF VELERO III OFF THE COAST OF MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, AND GALA- PAGOS ISLANDS IN 1932, iN 1933, IN 1934, IN 1935, IN 1936, IN 1937, AND IN 1938,
HYDROIDS OF THE 1936 AND 1937 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS
By C. McLEAN FRASER
Tue UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoLuME 4, NUMBER 2
IssUED OCTOBER 20, 1938
Tue UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS
Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
HYDROIDS OF THE 1936 AND 1937 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS
C. McLean FRASER
In each of the seven Hancock Expeditions to date, 1932-1938, hy- droids have been collected. In 1934 special attention was paid to hydroid collecting and the collection obtained has been reported upon by itself. In 1936 and 1937 collections were made in a somewhat restricted and well-defined area, no part of which was visited in the 1934 Expedition. It includes the west coast of Lower California, north of Cerros Island, and the Gulf of California.
It might have been well to include the remainder of the west coast of Lower California in this general area, but much material was ob- tained from this region in 1934, and this has already received attention. No collections were made there in 1936 and 1937.
The hydroids collected in the other four years, 1932, 1933, 1935, and 1938, will be treated together later.
Again I wish to acknowledge my obligation to Captain Hancock, his officers and ship’s company of the VELERO 111 and all those associated with these Expeditions for the collection and the preservation of the hydroids. Dr. Irene McCulloch of the Department of Zoology of The University of Southern California sorted the material and looked after it until it was forwarded for examination. Her many kindnesses and her continued interest in the progress of the work are much appreciated. To Dr. Josephine F. L. Hart I am indebted for the drawings used in illustration.
DISTRIBUTION
Of the 56 species in the collection, nine are described as new (the gonosome of Antennularia tetraseriata Fraser is described for the first time). Of the 47 species previously reported, 36 appeared in the 1934 collection. Of the eleven species that did not so appear, ten have been reported from farther north along the Pacific coast, and one, Plumu- laria attenuata Allman, from the West Indian region.
Ten species were obtained from the west coast of Lower California, one of them, A bdietinaria expansa, being new. Of these only one species, A glaophenia octocarpa Nutting, was obtained in the Gulf of California,
[ 107 ]
108 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
and that just at the entrance, off Point Piastla. This might be taken to indicate that there is nothing in common in the waters to the west- ward of Lower California and those in the Gulf of California, were it not for the fact that of the 38 previously described species obtained in the Gulf of California in this collection twelve were obtained from the west coast in the 1934 collection. The 1934 collection was all from Cerros Island south; the 1936 and 1937 collections, north of Cerros Island.
The hydroid fauna of the Gulf seems to be rather a mixture. While that of the west coast of Lower California is definitely northeast Pacific in type, that of the Gulf, if this collection is representative, is a mixture of species from the north and from the south, the latter related to those from the West Indian region.
Of the 38 species above referred to, 22 have been reported from the Pacific, north of the Mexican boundary, and 25 from the Atlantic, but as 15 species have been reported in both of these areas, there are left but seven North Pacific and ten Atlantic species that help to show any trend. More extensive and intensive collecting must be done before any definite conclusions can be drawn.
The most striking feature of the hydroid fauna of the Gulf is the preponderance of the Plumularidae, especially of Aglaophenia and Antennularia. It is in these two genera that the most of the new species were found. It may be that here there is a very suitable environment for this family, or, on the other hand, it may be that as these, in general, appear in robust colonies, they are more readily observed in general collecting, in which case a more detailed examination of the fresh material might produce a similar abundance in other families. That the latter explanation is the probable one is indicated by the fact that there were only four gymnoblastic species (there were 46 in the 1934 collec- tion) and very few of the smaller campanularians.
SYNONYMY
Apart from those that are new, all of the species with the exception of Plumularia attenuata Allman (Allman, G. J. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 1877, p. 30) are mentioned and synonymy given either in Hydroids of the 1934 Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition or in Hydroids of the Pacific Coast of Canada and the United States (Fraser, The University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1937). It seems unneces- sary to repeat the synonymy here.
No. 2 FRASER: HYDROIDS 109
SPECIES AND DistTRIBUTION
Family Atractylidae
Bimeria gracilis Clark.—Entrance to Angeles Bay, 25 fathoms. Bimeria tenella Fraser—San Quentin Bay, 25 fathoms.
Family Eudendridae
Eudendrium ramosum (Linnaeus).—Off White Rock, Isla Partida, 45 fathoms; Ildefonso Island, 50 fathoms.
Eudendrium tenellum Allman.—San Pedro Nolasco Island, 75 fathoms.
Eudendrium tenue A. Agassiz.—Off White Rock, Isla Partida, 45 fathoms.
Family Campanularidae
?Campanularia emarginata Fraser—San Jaime Banks, off Cape San
Lucas, 75 fathoms; San Pedro Nolasco Island, 45 fathoms.
Campanularia hincksi Alder—Off White Rock, Isla Partida, 45 fathoms.
Campanularia urceolata Clark.—Rosario Bay, 10-15 fathoms.
Clytia acutidentata Fraser—Off White Rock, Isla Partida, 45 fathoms. Clytia edwardsi (Nutting).—Off White Rock, Isla Partida, 45 fathoms. Clytia irregularis Fraser—San Quentin Bay, 25 fathoms.
Clytia kincaidi (Nutting).—Consag Rock, 10-25 fathoms.
Clytia universitatis Torrey —Off White Rock, Isla Partida, 45 fathoms.
Gonothyraea gracilis (Sars).—South and east of San Marcos Island, 20 fathoms.
Obelia plicata Hincks——San Lorenzo Channel, Espiritu Santo Island, 24 fathoms; Puerto Refugio, Angel de la Guardia Island, 50-75 fathoms.
Family Campanulinidae
Campanulina forskalea (Peron et LeSueur).—San Pedro Nolasco Is- land, 75 fathoms; Puerto Refugio, Angel de la Guardia Island,
50-75 fathoms.
Lovenella producta (Sars) —San Pedro Nolasco Island, 75 fathoms; Puerto Refugio, Angel de la Guardia Island, 50-75 fathoms.
110 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Family Halecidae
Halecium beani (Johnston).—East of Cape San Lucas, 10-15 fathoms; Consag Rock, 10-25 fathoms.
Halecium gracile Verrill—Off White Rock, Isla Partida, 45 fathoms.
Halecium nanum Alder.—Off White Rock, Isla Partida, 45 fathoms.
Halecium parvulum Bale.—Rosario Bay, 10-15 fathoms.
Halecium tenellum Hincks——Off White Rock, Isla Partida, 45 fathoms.
Family Hebellidae
Hebella calcarata (Agassiz) —Off White Rock, Isla Partida, 45 fathoms.
Scandia corrugata Fraser—San Pedro Nolasco Island, 75 fathoms.
Scandia mutabilis (Ritchie) —East of San Marcos Island, 18 fathoms; San Francisco Island, 47 fathoms.
Family Lafoeidae
Filellum serpens (Hassall).—San Jaime Banks, off Cape San Lucas, 75 fathoms; San Pedro Nolasco Island, 75 fathoms; south of Isla Partida, 40 fathoms.
Lafoea dumosa (Fleming ).—Off White Rock, Isla Partida, 50 and 45
fathoms.
Family Sertularidae
A bietinaria anguina (Trask) —San Quentin Bay, 25 fathoms.
A bietinaria expansa Fraser.—Rosario Bay, 10-15 fathoms.
Pasya quadridentata (Ellis and Solander).—Consag Rock, 10-25 fathoms.
Sertularella ampullacea Fraser—San Lorenzo Channel, Espiritu Santo Island, 24 fathoms.
Sertularella pedrensis ‘Torrey —Off White Rock, Isla Partida, 40 and 45 fathoms; Ildefonso Island, 50 fathoms; Puerto Refugio, Angel de la Guardia Island, 50-75 fathoms; off Cape San Lucas, 75 fathoms.
Sertularia cornicina (McCrady).—Consag Rock, 10-25 fathoms; off White Rock, Isla Partida, 45 fathoms.
Sertularia desmoides ‘Torrey.—South of Isla Partida, 40 fathoms.
Sertularia furcata Trask.—Santa Rosalia Bay, 15 fathoms; Rosario Bay, 10-15 fathoms; San Quentin Bay, 25 fathoms.
bo
NO. FRASER: HYDROIDS 111
Family Plumularidae
Aglaophenia diegensis Torrey —Consag Rock, 10-25 fathoms; north of Lobos Point, shore; Perdita Island, 4% mile north of San Fran- cisco Island, 30 fathoms; San Francisco Island, shore; Espiritu Santo Island, shore.
Aglaophenia latirostris Nutting—Rosario Bay, 10-15 fathoms; San Quentin Bay, 25 fathoms.
Aglaophenia longicarpa Fraser—San Lorenzo Channel, Espiritu Santo Island, 24 fathoms.
Aglaophenia lophocarpa Allman.—North of San Pedro Nolasco Island, 100 fathoms.
Aglaophenia octocarpa Nutting—Near Point Piastla, 6-8 fathoms; Santa Rosalia Bay, 15 fathoms.
Aglaophenia pinguis Fraser—San Francisco Island, shore.
Aglaophenia propinqua Fraser.—Port Escondido, 20 fathoms.
Aglaophenia struthionides (Murray)—San Quentin Bay, 3-5 fathoms.
A glaophenia symmetrica Fraser—San Pedro Nolasco Island, 75 fathoms.
Antennularia compacta Fraser—Off Francisquito Bay, 10-20 fathoms.
Antennularia irregularis Fraser—Off Francisquito Bay, 10-20 fathoms.
Antennularia reversa Fraser—Puerto Refugio, Angel de la Guardia Island, 50-75 fathoms.
Antennularia septata Fraser—North of San Esteban Island, 20-70 fathoms; Puerto Refugio, Angel de la Guardia Island, 50-75 fathoms.
Antennularia tetraseriata Fraser—San Jaime Bank, off Cape San Lucas, 75 fathoms; San Esteban Island, 35 fathoms.
Lytocarpus philippinus (Kirchenpauer).—Ildefonso Island, 50 fathoms.
Monostaechas quadridens (McCrady).—Off White Rock, Isla Partida, 45 fathoms; Ildefonso Island, 50 fathoms.
Plumularia attenuata Allman.—San Lorenzo Channel, Espiritu Santo Island, 5-15 fathoms; east of San Marcos Island, 18 fathoms.
Plumularia corrugata Nutting.—Inside anchorage, San Francisco Island, 15 fathoms; San Francisco Island, 47 fathoms; entrance to Angeles Bay, 20-70 fathoms.
Plumularia lagenifera Allman.—Ofi White Rock, Isla Partida, 45 fathoms; entrance to Angeles Bay, 25 fathoms.
Plumularta setacea (Ellis) —San Lorenzo Channel, Espiritu Santo Is- land, 24 fathoms.
Plumularia tenuissima Fraser—San Jaime Banks, off Cape San Lucas, 6-8, 75 and 120 fathoms; Salinas Bay, Carmen Island, 20 fathoms.
hie ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4 DEscRIPTION OF NEw SPECIES
Abietinaria expansa, new species Plate 16, Fig. 1
Trophosome.—Colony (largest fragment 5 cm. high) rather rigid, with a rigid main stem, which is almost straight, the sinuosities being very slight, a few large branches making a wide angle with the stem, somewhat irregularly placed, each looking like a portion of the main stem. The smaller, unbranched branches are quite regularly placed, alternately, on the two sides, usually with the hydrothecae on the stem between two successive branches on the same side. hese small branches are rigid also, and the branches, large and small, are in the same plane. The whole colony is much spread out. The nodes on the stem and on the branches are well marked but are not regularly placed. The hydrothecae on the branches are subopposite, rather than alternate, swollen at the base and narrowing to a neck, i.e., of the abietina type, about one-half free; margin entire.
Gonosome.—Gonangia appear along the face of the branches, not regularly spaced. In face view, they are pear-shaped, with a short, curved pedicel, a distal neck, with an oval aperture. The other diameter is much less and hence the gonangium is elliptical in side view. Length 1.0 mm., greater diameter 0.5 mm., lesser diameter 0.3 mm.
The trophosome of this species is very similar to that of 4. amphora Nutting. The main difference is in the few large branches that are again branched; the pairs of hydrothecae on the branches are rather more distant.
‘The gonosome in the two species bears little resemblance. ‘The large gonangia with prominent ridges, clustered on the main stem, of 4. amphora are little like the much smaller solitary gonangia on the branches of 4. expansa.
Aglaophenia longicarpa, new species Plate 16, Fig. 2 Trophosome.—Colonies up to 10 cm. in height, with dark brown, almost black, somewhat flexible, main stem, and light brown hydro- cladia; these well graded in length, but, at the greatest, not more than 15 mm. long. Main stem divided into regular internodes, each with a hydrocladium arising from a process near the distal end; the hydro- cladia coming off in regular alternation from the stem, two of them in
LT LE EY
NO. 2 FRASER: HYDROIDS 113
succession making an angle of about 60°. The nodes in the hydrocladia are quite distinct, and, as the hydrothecae are quite close to each other and are short and stout, the internodes are short also. The margin of the hydrotheca bears nine teeth, the median one, small but sharp, straight or slightly retrorse; all the others are larger, more rounded at the tip, but not very deep. The intrathecal ridges are distinct. The mesial nematophore does not project very far from the face of the hydrotheca and does not reach the margin of the hydrotheca; the supra- calycine nematophores are large, reaching above the margin of the hydrotheca; the three nematophores on each cauline internode are simi- larly tubular.
Gonosome.—The corbulae are rather numerous and are conspicuous on account of their great length, with 17 or 18 pairs of leaves in the fully developed corbula. The margins of the leaves are lobed, the lobes being somewhat incised, and, in consequence, when the lobes of the two adjacent leaves meet, there are distinct lenticular spaces, or openings into the interior of the corbula. There is one hydrotheca on the hydro- cladium between the corbula and the stem.
Aglaophenia pinguis, new species Plate 16, Fig. 3
Trophosome.—Colonies up to 18 cm., simple, unbranched, with dark brown stem, and much lighter brown hydrocladia. The stem is divided into regular internodes by transverse nodes, with a hydrocladial process on each, some distance from the end, the hydrocladia alternating from side to side. Hydrocladia nodes distinct; internodes short, with little space between the successive hydrothecae; hydrothecae broad in both diameters as compared with the length, adherent throughout prac- tically the whole length; two intrathecal ridges well marked; margin with eight similar, straight, rather blunt, teeth. Supracalycine nemato- phores curved, reaching to, or slightly above the margin of the hydro- theca; mesial nematophore short, but projecting well out from the hydrotheca; two cauline nematophores on each internode of the stem, one well below, and the other close above, the hydrocladial process; two on the hydrocladial process, one on the face and the other on the back.
Gonosome.—Corbulae numerous, scattered throughout the length of the colony, deep for the length, with nine or ten pairs of leaves; one hydrotheca between the corbula and the hydrocladial process.
114 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Aglaophenia propinqua, new species Plate 16, Fig. 4
Trophosome.—Colonies, up to 12 cm., unbranched or very slightly branched, with a heavy, dark brown main stem and light brown, almost white, hydrocladia. The stem is distinctly divided into internodes, each with a hydrocladial process some distance from the distal end; the bases of these processes are so much on the face of the internode, they are not far from being in line, but the hydrocladia turn almost immediately to the right or to the left to make the regular alternate arrangement, the outer portions being nearly in the same plane. The hydrocladium is divided into internodes by faint nodes; the hydrotheca occupies the whole length of the internode, so that the margin of the one hydrotheca is practically touching the base of the next hydrotheca in succession. The hydrotheca is rather stout for the length. There are nine teeth on the margin, but they are so low that the margin might be described as wavy; the small, median tooth comes to a sharp point, but the others, nearly equal, are more rounded. The septal ridges are faint; the supra- calycine nematophores are large, over-topping the margin; the mesial nematophore extends upward for about two thirds of the length of the hydrotheca and then projects but a short distance; of the three cauline nematophores on each internode, the one above and the one below the hydrocladial process are considerably larger than the one on the process.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Aglaophenia symmetrica, new species Platevi7. Bice 5
Trophosome.—Colonies—18 cm.—growing in clusters; the hydro- cladia are long, up to 2 cm., and graded in length very uniformly so as to give a graceful symmetry to the colony. As the main stems are light brown and the hydrocladia almost white, the species is a most handsome one. The stem is relatively slender, with the nodes indistinct or absent; the hydrocladia are given off at a wide angle and they might almost be described as being in opposite pairs, rather than regularly alternate. On the hydrocladia, the nodes are distinct and the hydrotheca occupies practically the whole length of the internode. The hydrotheca is large, 0.5 mm. long, but well proportioned ; the intrathecal ridges are definite but not extensive. There are nine regularly rounded teeth on the margin, the median one rather slender, erect, the second from the
; 4
No. 2 FRASER: HYDROIDS 125
median on each side is the largest, the first and third, similar in size, the fourth smaller. The supracalycine nematophores reach to, or slightly beyond, the margin of the hydrotheca; they are narrower proximally than distally; the mesial nematophore reaches about half way up the face of the hydrotheca, with but a small portion free; the usual three cauline nematophores are associated with the origin of the hydrocladium, they are all tubular.
Gonosome.—The corbulae appear at irregular intervals on both sides of the stem. The total length of the corbula, which is slightly curved, is about 4 mm. The particular one described had eleven pairs of leaves; the nematophores on the margin of the leaves are somewhat distant and they are relatively small; at the base of each leaf margin there is a prominent nematophore with a conical tip pointing to the base of the corbula. There is one hydrotheca on the hydrocladium be- tween the corbula and the hydrocladial process.
Antennularia compacta, new species Plate 17, Fig. 6
Trophosome.—Colony rather short—maximum 4 cm.—with a short stem that shows the fasciculation and canaliculation very readily when living or freshly preserved. The hydrocladia are arranged in rather definite whorls toward the base but with a more definitely decussate arrangement distally; the hydrocladial process is stout and all the internodes of the hydrocladium are thecate; the internodes are short for this genus, with the hydrotheca placed almost centrally; the septa are faint or absent. The pair of supracalycine and the single proximal nematophore are present on each internode; on the hydrocladial process there is a stationary one-chambered nematophore, a jointed, two-cham- bered one in the axil, and another near the distal end. There is one cauline nematophore between two successive hydrocladial processes in the same line.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Antennularia reversa, new species Plate 17, Fig. 7 Trophosome.—Colony with stout main stem—up to 45 mm.—but no branches, without definite nodes. Hydrocladia in four series, irregu- larly decussate, with two series inclined to the one side and two to the other, so as to give somewhat of a biserial arrangement or appearance.
116 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Hydrocladia long—up to 8 mm.—and slender, arising from a promi- nent process on the stem; divided into regular internodes by transverse nodes, all internodes thecate; the hydrotheca is much nearer the proxi- mal than the distal end of the internode; the septa are faint or absent. ‘There are two supracalycine nematophores and a mesial nematophore near the proximal, and one near the distal end of each internode; on the cauline hydrocladial process there is a short fixed nematophore, and also a movable one, as well as another at the axil of the process; there are nematophores on the stem, somewhat irregularly arranged, but there is usually at least one between each two successive processes in the same series. Gonosome.—Not observed.
Antennularia septata, new species Plate 18, Fig. 8
Trophosome.—sStiff looking colonies—up to 10 cm.—grow in clus- ters of as many as 25. Stem, stout, straight, rigid, shows little or no sign of division into internodes. The hydrocladia are given off in regular alternation from the two sides of the stem, in the same plane, each from a distinct process of the stem. The hydrocladium is divided into short, nonthecate, alternating with longer, thecate internodes, the proximal internode being nonthecate; the hydrotheca is near the distal end of the internode. The septa are numerous and much pronounced; there is one septum near each end of each internode, and one at the base of the hydrotheca in the thecate internode. There are two supracalycine ne- matophores, and a median nematophore on each hydrocladial internode, one on the hydrocladial process, and one large cauline nematophore later- ally placed between each two successive hydrocladia.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Antennularia tetraseriata Fraser Plate 18, Fig. 9
Trophosome.—See description in Hydroids of the 1934 Allan Han- cock Pacific Expedition, 1938, p. 59.
Gonosome.—(Not previously described). Gonangia are borne singly on the hydrocladial processes of the stem, scattered, without regular arrangement. There is a basal portion rapidly enlarging from the at- tachment, then rather an abrupt turn to the cylindrical distal portion,
No. 2 FRASER: HYDROIDS 117
so that the adcauline side is distinctly concave, and the abcauline, dis- tinctly convex; or, the gonangium may be nearly straight and then regularly obovate. The opening does not occupy all of the distal end.
Plumularia tenuissima, new species Plate 18, Fig. 10
Trophosome.—Colonies growing from a stolon, somewhat loosely clustered—5 cm. Stem unbranched or very slightly and irregularly branched, very slender, divided into long internodes without ridges; each internode with a hydrocladium almost at its distal end, but the hydrocladia are not always strictly alternate; nematophores numerous, usually four to an internode besides the two that are on the hydrocladial process. Hydrecladia long—up to 6 mm.—and very slender, bearing at most four hydrothecae. Next to the hydrocladial process of the cauline internode, there is a short internode, with two ridges but without hydro- theca or nematophores; next to this is a much longer internode, also with a ridge near each end, with two nematophores but not bearing a hydro- theca; the third internode is thecate, the hydrotheca being nearly medially placed; it also has proximal and distal ridges, one, or some- times two, mesial nematophores, below the hydrotheca, and two large supracalycine nematophores; after this the nonthecate and the thecate internodes follow in order, the former similar to the second and the latter to the third internode.
Gonosome.—Gonangia appear in some of the distal axils, on short pedicels, slender, nearly tubular, 1.0 mm. long, 0.1 mm. in diameter, smooth.
(All the figures, unless otherwise indicated, have a magnification of 20 diameters.)
bo bo
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
PWAGME 6
Abietinaria expansa
a. Portion of branch to show arrangement of hydrothecae. b. Portion of colony to show branching and gonangia.
Aglaophenia longicarpa
a. Portion of hydrocladium to show hydrothecae. b. Two hydrothecae further enlarged (>< 40).
c. Corbula.
Aglaophenia pinguis
a. Portion of hydrocladium to show hydrothecae. b. Hydrothecae further enlarged (40).
c. Corbula.
Aglaophenia propinqua a. Portion of hydrocladium to show hydrothecae. b. Hydrothecae further enlarged (X40).
FRASER: HYDROIDS
124 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
PEATE 17
Fig. 5. Aglaophenia symmetrica
a. Portion of hydrocladium to show hydrothecae. b. Hydrothecae further enlarged (><40). ce. Corbula.
Fig. 6. Antennularia compacta
Portion of colony to show the arrangement of the hydrocladia and the hydrothecae.
Fig. 7. Antennularia reversa
Portion of colony to show arrangement of hydrocladia and hydrothecae.
No. 2 FRASER: HYDROIDS PL. 17
126
ue Ss nie, Os Fig. 10
ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. +
PLATE 18
Antennularia septata Portion of colony to show arrangement of hydrocladia and hydrothecae.
Antennularia tetrasertata
Portion of colony to show gonangium.
Plumularia tenutssima a. Portion of stem and hydrocladia. b. Portion of colony showing gonangia.
PL. 18
FRASER: HYDROIDS
NO.
REPORTS ON THE COLLECTIONS OBTAINED BY ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS OF VELERO III OFF THE COAST OF MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, AND GALA- PAGOS ISLANDS IN 1932, IN 1933, IN 1934, IN 1935, IN 1936, IN 1937, AND IN 1938.
HY DROIDS OF THE 1932, 1933,'1935; and 1938 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS
By C. McLEAN FRASER
|
THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLUME 4, NUMBER 3
IssuED OCTOBER 20, 1938
THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS
Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
|
HYDROIDS OF THE 1932, 1933, 1935, and 1938 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS
C. McLEAN FRASER
Two papers have already appeared on the hydroids collected by the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions to the eastern tropical Pacific. The first one dealt with the hydroids collected in 1934 only, mainly because in that Expedition intensive hydroid collecting was a significant fea- ture. That paper has been the basis for comparison in working on the material from the other expeditions. The second paper dealt with the collections made in 1936 and 1937, as these were largely confined to the Gulf of California. In the Expeditions of 1932, 1933, 1935, and 1938, exploration was carried on in much the same regions as in 1934, the main difference being that much of the coast of Peru was included as well. The hydroids from these four expeditions can be treated to- gether readily in one paper. Although the hydroid collecting was, in the main, incidental, much interesting material was obtained.
Although the general area visited was much the same each year, the actual collecting stations differed very materially, and as that is so, it may help, to add to the list of locations given in the first paper, to satisfy the new distribution records.
LocATIONS
Galapagos Islands Marchena Island North Bay Tower Island Darwin Bay Daphne Major Island Daphne Minor Island Indefatigable Island Conway Bay, on west coast Gordon Rocks, on east coast Barrington Island Osborn Island
Northwest of South Seymour Island
[ 129 ]
130 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Peru San Juan Bay San Nicholas Bay Independencia Bay Chincha Islands Callao Hormigas de Afuera Islands Lobos de Afuera Islands
Ecuador La Libertad Manta Bay Cape San Francisco
Colombia Octavia Bay, north of Port Utria
Panama Pinas Bay Panama
Costa Rica Playa Blancas Parker Bay Salinas Bay Cocos Island Wafer Bay Nuez Island Mexico Chacahua Bay Black Rock, south of Cape Corrientes Coronado Islands, just south of the United States-Mexico boundary.
I am indebted to Dr. Josephine F. L. Hart and Miss Ursula Dale for the drawings of the figures used.
Once more, acknowledgments are due to Captain G. Allan Hancock, his officers and ship’s company, to all those who have been associated with them in these various expeditions, and to Dr. Irene McCulloch of the Department of Zoology, The University of Southern California, for her attention to the material after it was safely landed. It has meant many-sided co-operation that has been thoroughly appreciated.
No. 3 FRASER: HYDROIDS 131
DIsTRIBUTION
Ninety-nine species are listed from these four expeditions, of which all but 20 have been reported in one of the other papers. Of the 20, twelve are described as new. In the three papers, 213 species have been listed, 94 of them new.
The proportions of the numbers in the three main areas—A, oceanic islands, 29; B, mainland coast, south of Balboa, 46; C, mainland coast, north of Balboa, 56—have been changed somewhat, mainly because of the extension of the exploration area southward, to include Peru, as in Area B there is a greater proportionate number.
Forty-two species have not been reported outside this area. The dis-
tribution of the other 57 shows a marked parallelism to the distribution of those reported in the 1934 paper. 1934: South of Area B, 13 species, 13%; North of Area C, 52 species, 52% ; North Atlantic, 77 species, 77% ; 1932, 1933, 1935, 1938; South of Area B, 9 species, 15.8%; North of Area C, 31 species, 54.4% ; North Atlantic, 43 species, 75.4%.
It is significant that even when the coast of Peru is included, there is still little affinity to the hydroids of the coast of Chile. The Humboldt Current must make a very definite demarcation. As far as hydroid dis- tribution is concerned, there is nothing like it anywhere in the northeast
Pacific.
SPECIES AND DISTRIBUTION
Family Clavidae Turritopsis nutricula McCrady.—Chacahua Bay, 5-10 fathoms.
Family Atractylidae
Bimeria gracilis Clark.—Bahia Honda, 3-5 fathoms; Parker Bay, 30 fathoms.
Bimeria vestita Wright—Manta Bay, shore; Pinas Bay, 30-35 fathoms ; Panama, shore; White Friars, 15-20 fathoms.
Bougainvillia crassa Fraser —Panama, shore.
Perigonimus gracilis Fraser —Octavia Bay, 35-40 fathoms.
Perigonimus repens Wright.—South and east of Daphne Major Island, 55 fathoms; Octavia Bay, 35-40 fathoms; Chacahua Bay, 5-10 fathoms.
Perigonimus robustus Fraser—Black Rock, south of Cape Corrientes,
5-10 fathoms.
132 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Family Eudendridae
Eudendrium tenellum Allman.—North of Hood Island, 20-40 fathoms.
Eudendrium tenue A. Agassiz—Octavia Bay, 35-40 fathoms; Secas Islands, 14 fathoms.
Family Hydractinidae
Hydractinia longispina Fraser—Lobos de Afuera Islands, 12 fathoms. Hydractinia multispina Fraser—Tagus Cove, 10 fathoms. Hydractinia rugosa Fraser —Octavia Bay, 35-40 fathoms.
Family Pennaridae
Pennaria tiarella McCrady.—Cape San Francisco, 15 fathoms; Panama, shore.
Family Campanularidae
Campanularia hincksi Alder—Off Daphne Major Island, 70-80 fath- oms; north of Hood Island, 20-40 fathoms.
Campanularia urceolata Clark.—434 miles east of Coronado Islands, 14 fathoms.
Clytia bakeri Torrey—Chacahua Bay, 5-10 fathoms.
Clytia coronata (Clarke).—Secas Islands, 14 fathoms.
Clytia cylindrica A. Agassiz—Tagus Cove, 10 fathoms; south and east of Daphne Major Island, 85 fathoms; Independencia Bay, 10 fathoms; north of Gorgona Island, 10-20 fathoms; Secas Islands, 5-20 fathoms; off Nuez Island, 30-50 fathoms.
Clytia fascicularis Fraser —Callao, 5 fathoms.
Clytia irregularis Fraser—Tangola Tangola, 15-20 fathoms.
Clytia macrocarpa Fraser—South Bay, Lobos de Afuera Islands, 14-16 fathoms and 20-22 fathoms; Independencia Bay, 5 and 20 fathoms; Callao, 3 fathoms; Hormigas de Afuera Islands, 45 fathoms; San Nicholas Bay, 10-25 fathoms.
Clytia seriata Fraser —Tenacatita Bay, in lagoon.
Clytia universitatis Torrey—Chacahua Bay, 5-10 fathoms.
Eucopella caliculata (Hincks).—South Bay, Lobos de Afuera Islands, 12 fathoms.
Eucopella everta (Clark). —San Juan Bay, 15-20 fathoms; Lobos de Afuera Islands, shore.
Gonothyraea gracilis (Sars) —Tagus Cove, 10-20 fathoms; Indepen- dencia Bay, 5 fathoms; Callao, 5 fathoms; Parker Bay, 10
fathoms; off Nuez Island, 30-50 fathoms; Chacahua Bay, 5-10 fathoms.
No. 3 FRASER: HYDROIDS 133
Gonothyraea serialis Fraser—lbLa Libertad, 3-5 fathoms; Tenacatita Bay, in lagoon. Obelia commissuralis (McCrady ).—Watfer Bay, shore.
Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus).—Tagus Cove, 10-20 fathoms; north of Gorgona Island, 10-20 fathoms.
Obelia geniculata (Linnaeus).—North end of Albemarle Island, 6-7 fathoms; Callao, 5 fathoms; San Juan Bay, 15-20 fathoms; Chacahua Bay, 5-10 fathoms.
Obelia hyalina Clarke.—Isabel Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Obelia microtheca Fraser—Independencia Bay, 5 fathoms; La Libertad, 3-5 fathoms; Panama, shore.
Obelia tenuis Fraser—Tagus Cove, 10-20 fathoms.
Family Campanulinidae
Lovenella nodosa Fraser—Chacahua Bay, 5-10 fathoms. Lovenella rugosa Fraser.—Tenacatita Bay, 5 fathoms.
Family Halecidae Halecium beani ( Johnston).—South and east of Daphne Major Island, 55 fathoms; Secas Islands, 12 fathoms. Halecium halecinum (Linnaeus).—Secas Islands, 12 fathoms. FHlalecium insolens Fraser—Tenacatita Bay, in lagoon. FHlalecium nanum Alder.—Secas Islands, 12 fathoms. Halecium regulare Fraser—Secas Islands, 14 fathoms.
Halecium tenellum Hincks.—South and east of Daphne Major Island, 55 fathoms; Secas Islands, 14 fathoms.
Halecium tenue Fraser —Off Daphne Minor Island, 70-80 fathoms. Halecium tortum Fraser—Octavia Bay, 35-40 fathoms.
Halecium washingtoni Nutting—San Juan Bay, 15-20 fathoms; Lobos de Afuera Islands, South Bay, 12 fathoms; off Nuez Island, 30- 50 fathoms.
Ophiodissa alternata Fraser—Secas Islands, 14 fathoms. Ophiodissa laxa Fraser—Secas Islands, 12 fathoms.
Family Hebellidae Scandia corrugata Fraser—Octavia Bay, 35-40 fathoms; Secas Islands, 12 and 14 fathoms. ?Scandia expansa Fraser—North of Gorgona Island, 10-20 fathoms.
Scandia mutabilis (Ritchie)—Octavia Bay, 35-40 fathoms; Secas Is- lands, 14 fathoms.
134 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Family Lafoeidae
Acryptolaria pulchella (Allman) —Off Barrington Island, 73 fathoms ; Sulivan Bay, 35-40 fathoms.
Eucryptolaria pinnata Fraser—Off Daphne Minor Island, 70-80 fath- oms.
Filellum serpens (Hassall). —-Off Daphne Minor Island, 70-80 fathoms ; Octavia Bay, 35-40 fathoms; Pinas Bay, 30-35 fathoms; Secas Islands, 12 fathoms; Salinas Bay, 20 fathoms.
Lafoea intermedia Fraser—Off Daphne Minor Island, 70-80 fathoms.
Lictorella cervicornis Nutting—Sulivan Bay, 35-40 fathoms; off Daphne Minor Island, 70-80 fathoms; off Barrington Island, 73 fathoms; north of Hood Island, 20-40 fathoms.
Family Synthecidae
Synthecium gracile Fraser —North of Point Saint Elena, 8-10 fathoms ; Port Utria, 2 fathoms; Pinas Bay, 35-40 fathoms; Secas Islands, 5-20 and 12 fathoms.
Synthecium projectum Fraser—Secas Islands, 12 fathoms.
Synthecium symmetricum Fraser—Port Utria, shore; Octavia Bay, 35- 40 fathoms; Pinas Bay, 35-40 fathoms; Secas Islands, 12 fathoms.
Family Sertularidae
Abietinaria amphora Nutting —434 miles east of Coronado Islands, 14 fathoms.
Pasya quadridentata (Ellis and Solander).—North end of Albemarle Island, 6-7 fathoms.
Sertularella ampullacea Fraser—Panama, shore; Secas Islands, 14 fathoms.
Sertularella clausa (Allman).—Independencia Bay, 5 fathoms.
Sertularella conica Allman.—South and east of Daphne Major Island, 55 fathoms; off Daphne Minor Island, 70-80 fathoms; Chincha Islands, 5 fathoms; San Juan Bay, 15-20 fathoms; Chacahua Bay, 5-10 fathoms.
Sertularella erecta Fraser ——North end of Albemarle Island, 6-7 fathoms.
Sertularella formosa Fewkes.—Secas Islands, 12 and 14 fathoms; Pinas Bay, 30-35 fathoms.
Sertularella rugosa (Linnaeus).—Lobos de Afuera Islands, 12 fathoms.
Sertularella tenella (Alder).—San Juan Bay, 15-20 fathoms; Octavia Bay, 35-40 fathoms.
No. 3 FRASER: HYDROIDS 135
Sertularia anceps Fraser—Gordon Rocks, Indefatigable Island, 20 fathoms; Pinas Bay, 30-35 fathoms.
Sertularia cornicina (McCrady).—Gordon Rocks, Indefatigable Island, 20 fathoms.
Sertularia dispar Fraser——North of Point Saint Elena, 8-10 fathoms.
Sertularia exigua Allman.—Tangola Tangola, 15-20 fathoms.
Sertularia furcata Trask——North of Point Saint Elena, 8-10 fathoms.
Sertularia operculata Linnaeus.—Lobos de Afuera Islands, South Bay, 12 and 25-30 fathoms.
Sertularia stookeyi Nutting——North of Point Saint Elena, 8-10 fathoms.
Thuiaria simplex Fraser.—Secas Islands, 14 fathoms.
Thuiaria tubuliformis (Markt.)—Shore, in all cases: Cartago Bay, Darwin Bay, Marchena Island, James Island, Conway Bay,
Indefatigable Island, Osborn Island, Gardiner Bay, North Sey- mour Island, Port Utria, Octavia Bay, Parker Bay.
Family Plumularidae
Aglaophenia dubia Nutting —Off Daphne Minor Island, 70-80 fathoms.
Aglaophenia longicarpa Fraser.—Isabel Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Aglaophenia prominens Fraser—Lobos de Afuera Islands, 25-30 fath- oms; 434 miles east of Coronado Islands, 14 fathoms.
Aglaophenia rigida Allman.—Playa Blancas, 3-5 fathoms.
Aglaophenia struthionides (Murray ).—434 miles east of Coronado Is- lands, 14 fathoms.
Antennella avalonia Vorrey.—North end of Albemarle Island, 6-7 fath- oms; Port Utria, 2 fathoms; Pinas Bay, 30-35 fathoms.
Antennella gracilis Allman.—Secas Islands, 12 fathoms.
Antennularia irregularis Fraser—North of Gorgona Island, 10-20 fathoms; Octavia Bay, 35-40 fathoms.
Antennularia tetraseriata Fraser—North of Gorgona Island, 10-20 fathoms; Octavia Bay, 35-40 fathoms.
Hippurella longicarpa Nutting—Northwest of Charles Island, 250 fathoms.
Lytocarpus philippinus (Kirchenpauer).—Hood Island, 20 fathoms; James Island, 8 fathoms; La Libertad, shore; La Plata Island, 10 fathoms; Port Utria, shore; Secas Islands, 12 and 14 fathoms ; Tenacatita Bay, in lagoon; Isabel Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Monostaechas quadridens (McCrady).—Secas Islands, 14 fathoms.
Plumularia alternata Nutting—Secas Islands, 14 fathoms; Isabel Is- land, 10-15 fathoms.
136 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Plumularia corrugata Nutting—Off Daphne Minor Island, 70-80
fathoms.
Plumularia lagenifera Allman.—Independencia Bay, 5 and 20 fathoms; South Bay, Cerros Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Plumularia magellanica Hartlaub.—South Bay, Lobos de Afuera Is- lands, shore and 12 fathoms.
Plumularia margaretta (Nutting).—La Libertad, 3-5 fathoms.
Plumularia micronema Fraser.—Secas Islands, 14 fathoms; Parker Bay, 40 fathoms; Playa Blancas, 15 fathoms.
Plumularia propinqua Fraser—Chacahua Bay, 5-10 fathoms; Isabel Island, 10-15 fathoms.
Plumularia septata Fraser —Chincha Islands, 8 fathoms; Independencia Bay, 5 fathoms; Callao, off Penal Colony, 5 fathoms.
Plumularia setacea (Ellis) Santa Maria Bay, 35-40 fathoms. Plumularia sinuosa Fraser—Tenacatita Bay, 5 fathoms.
Plumularia tenuissima Fraser—Sulivan Bay, James Island, 35-40 fathoms.
Streptocaulus pulcherrimus Allman.—Barrington Island, 73 fathoms; north of Hood Island, 20-40 and 50-100 fathoms.
Of these 99 species, 20 are reported from this area for the first time, of which 8 species have been described previously. They are :—
Clytia bakeri Torrey.—Torrey, H. B. Hyd. of San Diego, 1904, II, Pel O:
Eucopella caliculata (Hincks) as Campanularia caliculata. Hincks, T. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), XI, 1853, p. 178.
Acryptolaria pulchella (Allman) as Cryptolaria pulchella, Allman, G. J. Challenger Hydroids, XXIII, 1888, p. 40.
A bietinaria amphora Nutting. Nutting, C. C. Am. Hyd., Part II, 1904, p19.
Sertularella clausa Allman. Allman, G. J. Challenger Hydroids, Part II, 1888, p. 54.
Sertularia operculata Linnaeus. Linnaeus, C. Syst. Nat., 1758, p. 808.
Aglaophenia dubia Nutting. —Aglaophenia gracilis Allman. Nutting, CoC. Ami Hyds Pace ieto0er page:
Hippurella longicarpa Nutting. Nutting, C. C. Am. Hyd., Part I, 1900, p. 84.
No. 3 FRASER: HYDROIDS 137
Description of one new genus, twelve new species, and the gonosome of two other species.
PPerigonimus gracilis, new species Plate 19, Fig. 1
Trophosome.—Colony slender, sparsely branched, the branches com- monly coming off at an acute angle with the stem and the pedicels simi- larly from the stem or branches; the largest colony observed was 5.5 ram. high. Perisare never very thick, thins out to end almost impercep- tibly below the base of the hydranth, the surface smooth or slightly wrinkled. Hydranth long and slender but considerably greater in di- ameter than the pedicel. Tentacles 10-12.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Note.—It is quite possible that this is the species of Perigonimus that Hartlaub described and figured, as Perigonimus sp. in Die Hy- droiden der Magalhaensischen Region und Chilenischen Kiiste, 1905, p. 532, as it bears some resemblance to his figure “0,” but it also bears a resemblance to his figure “‘Ka,’’ which, for some reason difficult to understand, he labels “(?) Perigonimus repens Wright.”
Perigonimus robustus Fraser Plate 19, Fig. 2
Perigonimus robustus Fraser. Hyd. of the 1934 Hancock Exp. 1938, ps Li. Trophosome.—For description see original reference. Gonosome.—Medusa-buds grow singly from the hydranth pedicels, a short distance below the hydranths themselves, with short, annulated pedicels. The medusa-bud reaches to, or a little above, the margin of the hydranth tube and is of much the same diameter as this margin.
Hydractinia rugosa, new species Plate 19, Fig. 3
Trophosome.—Nutritive zooids, not closely placed, arise from an encrusting coenosare that does not show any network at the surface; those most fully extended reach a height of nearly 2 mm. There are commonly eight tentacles; either four of these are much longer than the other four, or they are extended while the others are contracted, as, in the preserved material, this difference in size is definitely indicated.
138 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Gonosome.—(Only female generative zooids observed.) The gener- ative zooids are much smaller than the nutritive and are devoid of ten- tacles. The sporosacs form a whorl about half way to the base of the tentacles; each sporosac with four large ova. In several cases, a second whorl seems to be developing just distal to the main whorl.
Other zooids—No other types of zooids were observed.
Spines.—The spines are numerous, large (some of them nearly 1.0 mm. high), and conspicuous; slightly tapering to a blunt point, with 4-6 prominent, rugose ridges, running longitudinally.
Clytia macrocarpa, new species Plate 19, Fig. 4
Trophosome.—Zooids may grow up singly, or colonies may appear, consisting of a stem and one to several branches. When branches are present they are never regularly or closely arranged, hence the colony is somewhat straggly. The branches and the pedicels bend abruptly near the origin, turning to form an acute angle with the stem, or even run- ning almost parallel with it. The stem, branches, and pedicels are all slender; they are annulated for some distance at both extremities and some of the terminal pedicels are annulated throughout or nearly so. Hydrotheca rather broadly campanulate, with 9-10 distinct, sharp teeth.
Gonosome.—Gonangia of great length, approximately two and one- half times the length of the hydrothecae, growing from the stolon, from the main stem, or from the branches, with rather long pedicels, annu- lated throughout; elongate elliptical, narrowed slightly just below the margin; surface with slightly wavy lines running from base to margin, or there may be wavy, longitudinal corrugations.
Lovenella rugosa, new species Plate 19, Fig. 5
Trophosome.—Minute colonies consisting of one, two, three, or four zooids, growing from a stoloniferous network, over the surface of seaweed. If there are more than one zooid in the colony, the second grows out from the pedicel of the first, slightly below the base of the hydro- theca; the pedicel of the second one curves in the proximal portion so that it continues almost in line with the first; if there is a third zooid, it springs from the second as the second from the first, and a fourth may develop likewise. When there are four zooids in the colony, it may
No. 3 FRASER: HYDROIDS 139
reach a height of 3 mm. All of the pedicels are regularly corrugated throughout; these may be shallow to give a wrinkled appearance. ‘The turbinate hydrotheca has nine or ten segments in the operculum.
Gonosome.—The gonangium grows from the stolon, on a short corrugated pedicel; it is large as compared with the size of the hydro- theca, almost 1.0 mm. in length, shaped like half of an ellipse, the distal end being truncated. There is a single medusa in the gonangium, the height being greater than the transverse diameter. The one in the speci- men described has four radial canals and four spherical tentacle bulbs, visible through the gonangium.
Halecium tenue, new species Plate 20, Fig. 6
Trophosome.—Colony slender, up to 12 mm. in height; stem usually simple, but occasionally, slightly fascicled; it does not form a continu- ous axis for the colony. There is a long pedicellate portion for each hydrophore, and then just proximal to the hydrophore another pedicel is given off for the next hydrophore. Commonly the hydrophore is dupli- cated one or more times, with a varying length of pedicel between, or a branch, similar to the main stem, may grow out of the hydrophore. There are seldom any nodes or evidences of annulation. The rim of the hydrophore is slightly but distinctly flaring.
Gonosome.—All of the gonangia that were not empty were female. It may be that male and female are similar in shape and size. The gonangium is biconvex, 0.75 mm. long, 0.5 mm. in the greater diameter, and 0.25 mm. in the lesser, with a very short pedicel. It may appear on the stolon or any part of the stem.
Ophiodissa alternata, new species Plate 20, Fig. 7
Trophosome.—Colony reaching a height of 8 mm., but usually much less, with a slight tendency to fasciculation in the larger colonies, grow- ing from an unbranched stolon (in this instance, creeping over the hydroid Lytocarpus philippinus); branches, if present, few and scat- tered irregularly. Stem zigzag, as the pedicel of each hydrophore comes out from near the distal end of the previous pedicel, and the pedicels alternate from side to side. Each pedicel has a double annulation near the proximal end; hydrophore distinctly flaring.
140 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Tentacular organs quite large, commonly one to each pedicel, a short distance below the origin of the following pedicel. None was observed on the stolon.
Gonosome.—Gonangia appear almost sessile, attached to the hydro- phore pedicels, to the internodes or to the stolon; obovate, with eight or nine strongly crested, transverse rugosities.
PScandia expansa, new species Plate 20, Fig. 8
Trophosome.—Zooids growing singly from a creeping stolon. The hydrotheca does not vary much in size, just short of 1.0 mm. in length and 0.3 mm. in diameter, but the length of the pedicel varies from the same length as the hydrotheca to about one fourth of its length. The pedicel has a definite annulation at the base, and in most cases this is the only one; occasionally, there are one or two others near the middle. The surface of the hydrotheca is gently corrugated on the outside, but on the inside the ridges come to a sharp edge that is very evident on looking in from the margin. The margin is entire but flares distinctly.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
As there was no gonosome present it is not possible to tell whether this is Scandia or Hebella. The definite diaphragm ensures it a place in the Hebellidae.
Genus EUCRYPTOLARIA, new genus
Trophosome.—Stem and much of the branches consist of a central tube, giving rise to hydrothecae that are partly adnate, surrounded by a series of more slender peripheral tubes, not bearing hydrothecae, but bearing numerous nematophores.
Gonosome.—Unknown.
Eucryptolaria pinnata, new species Plate 20, Fig. 9
Trophosome.—Colonies up to 4 cm. in length, consisting of a central axis, with numerous short branches, pinnately arranged but subopposite in position. In the basal portion of the stem the hydrothecae come off in two rows, nearly in the same plane and there are several peripheral
NO. 3 FRASER: HYDROIDS 141
tubes, with no very definite arrangement of the nematophores, although there is usually a nematophore near the base of each hydrotheca. On the distal portion of the stem and branches, there are still two rows of hydrothecae but they are not so nearly in the same plane; the peripheral tubes are much reduced in number. The nematophores show up very well here, at the base of the hydrothecae. The hydrothecae are small, nearly tubular but the tube is regularly curved so that the margin is parallel to the stem or branch, adnate for approximately half the length. Gonosome.—Not observed.
Sertularella clausa (Allman) Plate 20, Fig. 10 Sertularia clausa ALLMAN, Challenger Hyd., Part II, 1888, p. 54. Sertularella clausa Nuttinc, Am. Hyd., Part II, 1904, p. 93.
Trophosome.—Colony reaching a maximum height of 23 mm., slightly and irregularly branched; branches like a portion of the main stem, but they come off abruptly with a pronounced constriction at the origin. Sometimes the basal internode of the branch is slightly wavy in outline. The nodes are oblique and the internodes turn to the right and to the left alternately, making the branch slightly zigzag. One hydro- theca is given off from each internode, near its distal end. The hydro- theca is slightly curved, nearly tubular, but slightly tumid in the lower portion, approximately one-half free, surface smooth. Margin with four low teeth; operculum with four well-defined flaps.
Gonosome.—(Not previously described.) Gonangium arises from the main stem or branch, with constricted base similar to that of the branch, and a very short, tapering pedicel; ovate, with a distinct neck and four low, blunt, irregular teeth on the margin; sometimes there is a tendency to corrugation in the distal third, the corrugations being low and rounded.
Sertularella erecta, new species Plate 21, Fig. 11 Trophosome.—Stem simple, usually unbranched, rather rigid, aris- ing from a stolon to a height of 20 mm. Nodes scarce and irregularly placed, or absent. Hydrothecae appear in very regular alternation on the two sides of the stem, nearly one half of the adcauline side is adnate. The basal portion is slightly turgid, the distal portion is turned out- ward, nearly at right angles; the adcauline side of this portion is con-
142 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
cave, the abcauline, convex, so that the margin is nearly horizontal; margin with three teeth, the one on the adcauline side is low and biunt, the other two, sharper; operculum of three flaps.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Note.—This species has a hydrotheca and a hydrothecal arrangement resembling that of S. guadrifida Hartlaub but the habitus is quite unlike that of this species.
Aglaophenia prominens, new species Plate 21, Fig. 12
Trophosome.—Colony (terminal fragment 20 mm.) slender, with hydrocladia up to 2.5 mm. in length, and at the most ten hydrothecae. Nodes of the stem oblique but usually indistinct. Hydrocladia alternate, those of the two sides making an angle of approximately 120° with each other; nodes of the hydrocladia readily visible but not very pronounced. The hydrotheca occupies practically the whole length of the internode, but is attached for only approximately the basal third; the remainder stands out distinctly and the separation is greater just next to the attach- ment. There are no distinct transverse septal ridges but there is a pro- nounced ridge running up from the base, near the face, to mark off the mesial nematophore. There are nine teeth on the margin; the median tooth, not recurved, is very similar to the one on each side of it, each deeply cut and sharply pointed; there is a large rounded indentation between the first and second laterals, the second tooth being also rounded; the third and fourth pairs are also rounded, the third being less than the second and the fourth less than the third. The mesial nematophore is short, far from reaching to the margin of the hydrotheca and projecting but little; the supracalycine nematophores are short, scarcely reaching the margin.
Gonosome.—The corbula is short and stout, with six pairs of leaves. There is one hydrotheca between the corbula and the base of the hydro- cladium.
Plumularia micronema, new species Plate 21, Fig. 13
Trophosome.—Colony 35 mm., slender, unbranched or loosely and irregularly branched; stem divided into regular internodes by trans- verse nodes. Each internode bears a hydrocladium near the distal end, the hydrocladia alternating right and left in the same plane. The proxi-
No. 3 FRASER: HYDROIDS 143
mal internode in the hydrocladium, which is short, with a transverse node proximally and an oblique node distally, does not bear a hydrotheca, but all the other internodes are thecate. The hydrotheca is placed near the distal end of the internode and often overtops it; it is almost as broad as it is deep. The nematophores are very small; there is none on the proximal internode of the hydrocladium, but there is a median on each of the others, and two supracalycine nematophores with each hydrotheca; they are so small that they do not reach nearly to the margin of the hydrotheca. There is a nematophore on each hydrocladial process of the stem.
Gonosome.—Gonangia very small, nearly spherical, arising from the hydrocladial process of each internode for some considerable distance along the stem.
Plumularia septata, new species Plate 21, Fig. 14
Trophosome.—Colony reaching a maximum height of 12 cm., much branched, the branches coming out from all sides of the stem, giving a loose, bottle brush effect ; the branches are more slender than the stem, usually less than 1.0 cm. long. The internodes of the stem and, even more so, the internodes of the branches are strongly septate; a septum near each end and one below the origin of the process from which the branch or the hydrocladium is given off. The hydrocladia approach a pinnate arrangement but as they come off the face of the stem, two in succession form an angle of less than 90°, and as sometimes they are nearly opposite, and at other times definitely alternate, there is not much regularity; they are short, never bearing more than three hydrothecae and more often two or even one. Nonthecate and thecate internodes alternate, the proximal being nonthecate. The nonthecate internode has a strong septum near each end; the thecate has a septum near the base, one between that and the base of the hydrotheca, and one at the base of the hydrotheca. There is a nematophore on the body of each internode on the stem and branch and one at the base of the hydrocladial process ; there is a median nematophore on each hydrocladial internode and two supracalycine nematophores with each hydrotheca.
Gonosome.—The gonangia grow from the branches, one on each internode, the attachment being at the base of the hydrocladial process ; they are elongated oval, the distal end extending to form a bottle neck; the male is longer and more slender than the female.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
All figures have a magnification of 20 diameters unless it is otherwise indicated.
148 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
PLATE 19
Fig. 1. Perigonimus gracilis Portion of colony showing branching and hydranths.
Fig. 2. Perigonimus robustus Portion of colony showing medusa-bud.
Fig. 3. Hydractinia rugosa Portion of colony showing nutritive zooids, female generative zooids, and spines.
Fig. 4. Clytia macrocarpa Colony showing mode of branching, hydrothecae and gonangium.
Fig. 5. Lowvenella rugosa a. ‘Two hydrothecae. b. Gonangium.
FRASER! HYDROIDS PL. 19
NO. 3
Dem ET! es
S
(Gace ella, “3
Wa
5 Stam eS
oe
sa ~> oO
Ben S
arene
150 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. +
PLATE 20
Fig. 6. Halectum tenue a. Colony showing hydrophore arrangement and face view of gonangium. b. Side view of gonangium.
Fig. 7. Ophiodissa alternata
a. Portion of colony to show hydrophore arrangement and tentacular organs.
b. Portion of colony showing gonangia.
Fig. 8. Scandia expansa a, b, and c. Hydrothecae.
Fig. 9. Eucryptolaria pinnata a. Portion of main stem. b. Portion of branch.
Fig. 10. Sertularella clausa
a. Portion of stem showing branching, hydrothecae 2 and gonangium.
b. Portion of branch.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
11.
WA,
13.
14.
ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS
PEAR 21
Sertularella erecta
VOL. 4+
Portion of stem showing arrangement of hydrothecae.
Aglaophenia prominens a. Portion of hydrocladium showing hydrothecae.
b. Portion of hydrocladium further enlarged (X40).
c. Face view of hydrotheca (40). d. Corbula.
Plumularia micronema
a. Portion of stem with hydrocladia and hydrothecae.
b. Two hydrothecae further enlarged (40). c. Portion of colony showing gonangia.
Plumularia septata
a. Portion of stem with hydrocladia and hydrothecae.
b. Portion of colony with gonangia.
21
RE.
FRASER? HYDROIDS
-
REPORTS ON THE COLLECTIONS OBTAINED BY ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS OF VELERO III OFF THE COAST OF MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, AND GALA- PAGOS ISLANDS IN 1932, IN 1933, IN 1934, IN 1935, IN 1936, IN 1937, AND IN 1938.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE HYDROIDS IN THE COLLECTIONS OF THE ALLAN HANCOCK EXPEDITIONS
By C. McLEAN FRASER
THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLUME 4, NUMBER 4
IssUED FEBRUARY 6, 1939
THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS
Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
DISTRIBUTION OF THE HYDROIDS IN THE COLLECTIONS OF THE ALLAN HANCOCK EXPEDITIONS
C. McLean FRASER
Three papers on the Hancock hydroids have appeared, one on those collected in 1934, one on those in 1936 and 1937, and one on those in 1932, 1933, 1935, and 1938. In the first paper some attention was given to general distribution; in the other two little consideration was given to it, apart from the distribution records. Since several species are re- corded in these two papers that were not in the first one, it may be an opportune time to review the situation to date, in the area covered by the expeditions, viz., the east coast of the Pacific from the northern boundary of Mexico to the southern boundary of Peru, and the Oceanic
islands related to this area.
Before 1932, when the first Hancock hydroids were collected, very little was known of the hydroid fauna of this area. In 1891, the United States Fish Commission Steamer Albatross did some dredging off the Mexican and Central American coasts and S. F. Clarke recorded ten species from the material, all within one hundred miles of Panama, except one from the coast of Nicaragua. In 1904 and 1905, the Albatross did some dredging at widely distant stations in this general area and from the material Clarke recorded twelve species. —I'wo species were common to the two collections, so there were 20 recorded in all. These
were: Eudendrium sp. Pennaria pacifica Clarke Campanularia obliqua Clarke Obelia castellata Clarke Obelia striata Clarke Obelia sp. Campanulina denticulata Clarke Halecium argenteum Clarke Halecium gracile Bale Acryptolaria conferta (Allman) Acryptolaria pulchella (Allman) Lafoea convallaria Allman Lafoea gracillima (Alder) Lictorella geniculata Clarke
a
a
[ 155 ]
=< Oe
156 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Sertularella tropica Hartlaub Thuiaria tubuliformis (Marktanner) Aglaophenia struthionides (Murray) Cladocarpus distomus Clarke Plumularia helleri Hincks Zygophylax chazaliei Versluys
These all came from deep water; only two of the hauls were from a depth less than 300 fathoms and one of them was at a depth of 2,845 fathoms in 13° 11.6’ S. and 78° 18.3’ W. It is little wonder then that only four of these species, Acryptolaria pulchella, Halecium gracile, Thuiaria tubuliformis, and Aglaophenia struthionides, appeared in the Hancock collections, where nearly all of the material has been taken at less than 100 fathoms.
Of the 20 species, two were described but not named, eight were described as new, one is confined to the tropical Pacific, six have been reported from the Atlantic, two from the northeast Pacific, and one from both the Atlantic and the Northeast Pacific.
Nutting, in his monographs on American Hydroids, records two species from this area, Aglaophenia octocarpa Nutting, from Cape San Lucas, and Lytocarpus philippinus (Kirchenpauer), from Panama. He quotes Kirchenpauer who records Plumularia oligopyxis Kirchenpauer from the west coast of South America. This is so indefinite that it is impossible to say if it should be included in this area, and hence it is probably better to leave it out.
In 1930, Anna B. Hastings recorded a new species, Zanclea protecta, from James Bay, Gorgona Island, and Taboga Island. ‘This has not been observed in the Hancock collections.
There are 17 recorded species, therefore, that are not included in the Hancock list. These with the 213 in the list make a total of 230 from this area.
A table (Table I), similar to that used in the first paper, will show the species distribution for all the Hancock material up to, and including, 1938. Table II gives the number of species in each family in each of the areas; Table III gives more detailed distribution of all of the species in the collection that have been recorded also in the Northeast Pacific; Table IV gives detailed distribution of all of the species found in the Atlantic as well, but not in the Northeast Pacific; Table V gives the detailed distribution of the species found in the vicinity of the Galapagos Islands.
NO. 4 FRASER: HYDROIDS 157
TABLE I
Clava’ parviane ssa x Corydendrium flabellatum..... x
‘ubiclavajlaxasce. 2) <2.) x EMISENLAIS 2s. x Turritopsis nutricula.............. x x x x x Balea irresullaris2:......-....-. x Coryne? pusillass 2 x x TE DENS ee ee ae x Corynitis agassizii-.. x x x Eugemmaria dendritica.......... x Gemmaria costata...........-..------ x x gemmosa..........----- x x 5 Syncoryne flexibilis-................1 x x mirabilis. 22.5... x be x De Bimerial craciligve ss... 2... x x x Vamaeeret cs ee x pyomacal...2 20.2... x tenella x x vestita x x x x Bougainvillia crassa...........-.-4 x x Perigonimus gracilis............... x repens.....-. x x % x 5 x robustus x Eudendrium breve............------- aG eapillare: 2:2... x x x carneum..... x x X: % certicaule x UUM ces x x nodosumi......--.-. x ramosum........-.-- x x x x tenellum............. x x x x CONC: 25 oon x x X: x Hydractinia carolinae............- x x Gisymmctazecrscs x epispongia.......... x ancockte.- co 5 longispina........... x multispina.......... X polycarpa..........-. x quadrigemina.... x RU OS Ane eee es x Podocoryne reticulata............- x ;
158 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Species
Pennaria tiarella_..................- x Cladocoryne pelagica............. x Tubularia sp. CROCE Aen e sea x interna eee multitentaculata... Bonneviella minot......-...--...-.-- Campanularia emarginata.... | F- flexuosa....-.-- e. x | Ds gracilicaulis... x | hincksi=... + | x? || x | x x urceolata......... | | xe I | oe | volubilis......... x x x | x Clytia fel iain x Xie | attenuata! Be) x | | x bakervces 2a ee x ze carinadentata...-....--.--- x coronata.= = | x x eylindriea! 8S x x Ds | x a ok edwardsi===. 2s x xare x | x fascicularis=——— x x IncONSpicUa 22 x x x | x inrepularis= = x | johnstonies:. 2 x x x | x kin¢ardt2.2 ee x x > ae x longicyatha= = x x x longitheea= x x | maerocarpa...- x | multidentata..........-.----- x | Tavidentatasa-. == x | x S< | x S€tiatame = oes x UDIVersitatis ==. x x | Eucopella caliculata................ x x x | x eyertarte 22.9 Fe x x xt TURIN OL hee ses x | Gonothyraea clarki................- xi | x x racist x x x | 2 x x Serraliga aes | x =
# The detailed distribution of Campanularia flexuosa (Hincks) was inad- vertently omitted on page 27 of the 1934 paper. It was obtained at Santa Maria Bay in 10 fathoms.
NO. 4 FRASER: HYDROIDS 159
Species
@belia’ alternata-<.....—..-...--... x antiCulataee -cccscececcccess x x commiussuralis::......2-.---4 x x x dichotoma...... x x x x x equilateralis Pemiculatalee screenees x x nya mae rence MICTOCHECA!=--.-cesc----.-e-. obtustdens::..02.00--.-.-... plicata (ES DUIS = oh x
Silicularia pedunculata...........
Campanulina forskalea...........
TamMOSa ce x
Cuspidella humilis.................. x
Lovenella nodosa...............-..---
PLOW Chay este cose x UP OS Ae eae Endothecium reduplicatum..... Halecium articulosum..............
AoW al a
now
noK HW ta
ta ta aww Ow ta ta
tal
mam Mw WM ORM OR
corrugatum.............. x x fasciculatum........-... x flabellatum.............-
PLAC Cre. ese ece ees alecimumy:-------.. x ATISOVETISS eee nae ea
Parvuluim=:2-2-- regulare tenellum
Hw wK mM AW OM OA
“ ral 4 ral va)
a4 tS) a Bo oi [=r Orsi hal % nw “Aw mM Om OR val
negligens HHebellay calcarataees. .c-ece xe x Scandia corrugatas 2... x x expansa st. . x TMUeAD ITS ee x x K x Acryptolaria pulchella............ Eucryptolaria pinnata............. x
==
160 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. +
outh of | North of| North
Species Div. A | Div. B | Div. C | Div. B | Div. C | Atlantic
Eilellumijserpens..) x atoea dumosas eee x intermediass. Lictorella adhaerens................ cervicornis.............. x Synthecium gracile.................. x projectum=—
BIST WM symmetricum
a
Abietinaria amphora.............. AN GUase expansatis 2.2
4 Mo OOO
Diphasia paarmani................. Pasya quadridentata............... Sertularella ampullacea......... Clausa.. 3.2 conicaa seo. se x
INCisanwn pedrensis............. Tug Osa) ee x tenella--22 os x turcidase ieee Sertulariayanceps 4.22 22! x x COrmicinas-21) 28s x desmoides............... x
x es |
=
oS
se]
pp
°
rf HMMM MMM MOM OOM OM
x:
Indyerie es ee x operculata- = x Stookey es Versluysicc 2 et
Thuiaria simplex
tubuliformis............ Aglaophenia diegensis............ x
dubia 222308 inconspicua....... x latirostris:<.....— x
longicarpa.........
lophocarpa........ x
No. 4 FRASER: HYDROIDS 161
; South of |North of| North Species Div. A | Div. B | Div. C | Div. B | Div. C | Atlantic x x
symmetrica.......- Antennella avalonia................ x x compacta........-...-- OT ACHIG ee ace x Antennularia alternata........... x compacta........... irregularis........ x FEViEUSAs ctx <2: Septatd.... 21 tetraseriata....... x x Cladocarpus tortus..........-..------ x Diplocheilus allmani............... Hippurella longicarpa............. x x Lytocarpus philippinus........... Monostaechas quadridens....... x x Plumularia acutifrons.............
a | -_ a jo™ iP HH MMM KM MOM 4
HM A OM A
tal val
al ta
attenuata.............- biarmata corrugata defectas:..2=.25- delicatal..---.-- filicuilalce- =.= x floridana:=-...-- AN ELINAS! cota ee lagenifera magellanica......... margaretta........... x: x micronema........--- x propinqua............- x Septata = ..: x SetaCe@as sacs x sinuosa tenuissima...........- x
Schizotricha tenella.............-.-. x
Streptocaulus pulcherrimus
p > oO = =) tse) ot 2 x x ns HMM we KM OM OW -
“KM OW
tal tal Ea
wv mo OM
213
92 83 152 15 66 85
= '
162 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
TABLE II eee Ge ee Clavyidage.: aad + 2 1 4 ‘idk Tubidendridae........ 1 1 1 Corynidae.— =. 8 3 5 2 4 1 1 5 Atractylidae............ 9 5 4 5 6 2 3 2 Eudendridae..........-- 9 3 6 5 5 3 6 Hydractinidae......... 10 9 3 4 4 1 Pennaridae.....--.------ 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cladocorynidae....... 1 1 1 1 Tubularidae..........-- 4 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 Bonneviellidae........ 1 1 1 | Campanularidae..... 43 15 ig 18 31 6 21 20 Campanulinidae..... 6 3 1 3 5 3 3 Halecidae see 21 9 6 7 16 1 7 7 Hebellidae.............-- + Pe 1 3 3 2 Lafoeidae.. =. il 3 6 i 3 1 3 2 Synthecidae............. 4 3 3 4 1 Sertularidae...........-- 29 8 13 14 24 2 10 14 Plumularidae.......... 50 22 21 14 39 1 12 18
23 94 92 83 152 15 66 85
NO. 4 FRASER: HYDROIDS 163
TABLE III Species WLC |GofC| Mex | CA | Pan |\SPan| Oc | NA Turritopsis nutricula........... x x me Syncoryne mirabilis............. x Bumeriay craciisse—....2- x x x x tenella. x Perigonimus repens...........-.- x x x x Eudendrium capillare.......... x x ramosum......... x x x x x tenellum.......... * x x x x Pennaria tiarella.................. x x ae x Dubularra) croceas..2.-2-2... x x Campanularia hincksi......... x x x X urceolata...... x x volubilis....... x x Cly tra, attenuata... bakeries. >. cylindrica x x x x x ediwardsii sen essc ae x x ANCOMSPICU Aes. ceceenceenes x x johnstont..- 2-2: x x x kincardites en x x x x longithecal- 2. x raridentatal <4 -.:<:-..-:. x x universitatis.............-. x Eucopella caliculata............. x x Cverta ts x x Gonothyraea clarki_.............. x gracilis x x x x x Obelia commissuralis..........- x x x x dichotoma™.......-.-.-.- Se x x geniculata................. x x x J) CE x x x x Campanulina forskalea....... xe x Cuspidella humilis............. x x x Lovenella producta............... x x x Halecium articulosum.......... x x beanie x x x x x corrugatum.......... x halecinum............ x x x x parvulum............. x tenellum............... x x x x washingtoni......... x x x Filellum serpens................---. x x x x x x Wafoea, dumosalesi.--eene----cs x x
164 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
Species
Lictorella cervicornis........... Abietinaria amphora........... angeuiNae Sertularella conica.............-- fusiformis........ pedrensis.......... TUS OSAee ed Ki tenellase eee turgidas ==. x Sertularia desmoides............ furCatas-.e ee Aglaophenia diegensis......... inconspicua....,} x latirostris........ x lophocarpa..... octocarpa........ X struthionides... x Antennella avalonia............ | Diplocheilus allmani........... Plumularra alicia. corrugata.......... x lagenifera......... x Setaceahe = =:
No. 4
Species
Corynetpusillae i Corynitis agassizii................. Gemmaria costata.................. femmosa-.......-- Bimeriayvestitaz-22-—......-..<. Eudendrium carneum........... exiguum...........
Hydractinia carolinae........... Cladocoryne pelagica...........] Campanularia flexuosa......... Clytiascoronatas 2. longieyatha:.=2...:---.- Obelia: articulata!..20. =... } oy eel bina ee See ee Halecium bermudense........... Laci em nee
Hlebella calcarata:....-..... Scandia mutabilis.................. Synthecium gracile................ Diphasia paarmaniz............... Pasya quadridentata............- Sertularella formosa.............. Sertularia cornicina.............. (> OSA aero eee! Mayerle operculata..........-- stookeyi2-2. versluysi=--.--.4 Thuiaria tubuliformis..........
Antennella gracilis................ Hippurella longicarpa..........
Lytocarpus philippinus......... Monostaechas quadridens.... Plumularia alternata............ attenuata............ ligula ss floridana...........- INELMNS He margaretta......... Schizotricha tenella.............. Streptocaulus pulcherrimus..
45
FRASER: HYDROIDS
TABLE IV
aA A WM Ow
tal
AR Kw
a“
Aw WM eM Ow
tal
ral
20
165
A
25
166 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 4
TABLE V : & S S a Species Fe aS LY SR ee Wes ee es) a ees RS i, YRS) rey fee aS ie Turritopsis nutricula........... Da ie D am Balea\ irrecularisi22225.. 2 Coryne) repens= a Corynitis agassizii__............ x x Gemmaria gemmosa x x Syncoryne mirabilis.............. x x Bimeria’ g@racilis=22...-.... x x x x x Depo eqs a yates tenella ee x x Perigonimus repens..........-... x Se i iS< Deh Seam 5 < Eudendrium breve...........-..-- carneum........... x x certicaule......... ramosum.......... x x x x x x tenellum........... Xe x x x x tenuem 222. x x x x Hydractinia hancocki........... longispina........ multispina....... Pennaria ‘tiarella= x x Tubularia (croceas x x x integrase x Bonneviella minot..........-...-. Campanularia gracilicaulis hincksit.2 2 x xX x x X volubilis....... x x x Clytia acutidentata............... x x atten tawi ess eens x carinadentata............ eylindrica:2.-- x x x x x edwards ieee eee x x x x Kinard ieee ee eee x x x x Gonothyraea gracilis..........- 2 x x xe x x x Obelia ‘alternata]= articulata=— 2 x dichotoma=.-=-= x x x geniculatas-. 42s x x x plicatass-2 een x x x x x x tENUIS ee ie eal x XK Campanulina ramosa........... Halecium bean. x x x x x bermudense........... fasciculatum........ tenellums22 x x x x x TOMNUCsacceaen see washingtoni......... x x x
No. 4 FRASER: HYDROIDS 167
‘ = R LS S a Spectes Sl eh Tee SM see BE Se ea safer Yh ees x RS) Rae | SS freee i Reet eee I Scandia mutabilis................. x x x x x x Acryptolaria pulchella._._.. Eucryptolaria pinnata.......... Filellum serpens.................... ee)