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BULLETING
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OF THE
ESSEX INSTITUTE,
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1869.
SALEM, MASS. ESSEX INSTITUTE PRESS. 1870.
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CONTENTS.
Prospectus, : : : ‘ 1 An Early Voyage beyond ‘the Cape of Good Howe: nae : ¢ Nicaragua, ‘ 7 Col. Leslie’s Bepantien = Ganioi in 1175 on the out Briggs Wharf, . = ‘ ; : : ; ; : 5 Fi - 10 On Guano Deposits, : : : : ? : ee | Memoir of George W. Watwiestock : ; : i : wv HTS Memoir of John Cassin, a j : ; ‘ : oe utd Regular Meeting, Monday, January ae : F ; : . 16 Regular Meeting, Monday, January 18, ; 16 Letters announced, ° aia ig 17, 33, 65, 94, 107, 127, 143, Additions to the Library, as . 18, 33, 66, 94, 108, 144, 155 Additions to the Museums of the Institute and the Peabody Acad- emy of Science, . . : ; é - . 19, 35, 71,128, 159 Deficiences in Library, . ; ; ; : ' : ; a ea Indian Relics, ; ; x y - F : 7 ae a) | Essex Institute Press, . , ; ‘ Sh Pete : . s sae Union Building, - 2 ‘ : . 24 Sketch of the Life of the late Higeace anne : : F 25, 41 Regular Meeting, Monday, February 1, ; ‘ A : . 8i Notices of the Monstrosities of the Trout, 31. Regular Meeting, Monday, February 15, : 32
Notice of a paper on “ Vertigo inhabiting Polynesia, with Descriptions of New Species, by Harper Pease,” 32.— Notice of Meeting of Ameri- can Association for the Advancement of Science, in Salem, August
18, 188), 32. Duplicates in Library, . é : . 85 First Houses in Salem, by W. P. iipham; ‘ : “37, 53, 129, 146 ' ane Becane; Monday, March 1, _. ; ae DO Phippen’s remarks on the “ Old Planters,” Salem, 51. mégaie Meeting, Monday, March 15, . -. oo we
J.G. Waters’ Reminiscences of the Fire Clubs i in Salem, 52.
‘Leslie’s Expedition to Salem in 1775. Communication from Mrs.
Jared Sparks in relation thereto, A 57 Notice of a singular Erratic in Lynn, ico Ee the name of Pha- eton Rock. By C.M. Tracy, . ‘ ; a oe Regul Meeting, Monday, April 5, 64 C.W.Upham’s Address on the Colonial Records of Massachusetts, 64 sts A optas 1 Monday, April 19, __.. : é - F a |
W. Upham’s Memoir of D. P. King, 64 (iii)
iv CONTENTS.
Regular Meeting, Monday, May 3, :
R. S. Rantoul’s Historical Reminiscences connected with the Salem Custom House, 81.
Annual Meeting, Wednesday, May 12, . A ; A 5 ‘4 Report of Secretary, 81.—Report of Superintendent, 83.— Report of Librarian, 84.— Report of Treasurer, 85. Officers elected, 87.
Regular Meeting, Monday, May 17, f ° é . :
Field Meeting at Wakefield, Thursday, June,10, . Z as hae Notice of the Excursions, 88.— Historical Sketch of Naturalists’ Field Clubs, 89.— Putnam’s Notices of Zodlogical Specimens found, 90.— Morse on the Mollusks, 89.— Eaton’s Historical Sketch of the Town,
89.— Allen’s and Loring’s remarks, 93.
Field Meeting at Wenham, Friday, July 18, . : : 1 é Notice of Excursions, 97. — Loring’s Historical Reminiscences, 98.— Morse on the Glacier System, 99.— Putnam on Fishes, 99.—Dall on a 99— Remarks by Allen W. Dodge, N. Paine, and W. B. Trask, 99.
Field Meeting at Middleton, Thursday, Aug. 5, _. : 3 ,
Notice of the Excursions, 100.—President’s Historical notice, 100.—
Morse’s Remarks on Paper Making, 102.— Putnam on Reptiles, 102. — Remarks by. F. Bocher, E. W. Buswell, and G. A. Pollard, 103.
Field Meeting at Rockport, Thursday, August 26, : . : Notice of the Excursions, 103.—President’s remarks on Field Meet- ings, 104.— Loring’s Historical Sketches, 104.— Morse on the Objects of Field Meetings, 105.—J. W. Foster, the Geology of the East and West Contrasted, 106.—T.S. Hunt, Geological Description of New England Granite Formation, 106.— B. Pierce, Early Reminiscen-
ces, 107.
Notice of the Temperance Organizations in Salem, by David R. Peabody. : ‘ : : : : : . . :
Fire Clubs in Salem, ‘ Z 6 A , ; ;
Field Meeting at Lynn, Thursday, Sept. 28, ; ; : A Notice of the Excursions, 121.— Remarks on Dungeon Rock, by A.C. Goodell, jr., 8S. D. Poole, and Jacob Batchelder, 121, 122.—F. W. Put- nam, on Shellheaps in Rocks Pasture, 122.— Jacob Batchelder’s Sketch of the Old Lynn Academy, 124.—C. M. Tracy on the Disappearance of the Old and Favorite Flowers from the Gardens and the Introduc- tion of New Varieties, 125.— Tracy’s Remarks upon the Local Antiq- uities, 126.—Miss Grace Anna Lewis upon the Fluids Contained in the Bulbs of Feathers of Living Birds, 126.
Regular Meeting, Monday, October 5, . : 4 2 p Regular Meeting, Monday, November 1, .
S. Lincoln, Donation of a Pew Door, First Church in Aingham, 137. — A.S. Packard, jr., Notice of the Occurrence of the Walrus in Labrador, &c., 137.—F.W. Putnam and A. 8. Packard, Jr., on the Polar and other Species of Bears, 138. Quarterly Meeting, Wednesday, November 10, ; : @. W. Upham’s Resol ms on the Death of Geo. Peabody, 139. Quarterly Meeting, adj., Monday, November 15, . 3 : 2 Resolves in relation to the Essex Institute Musical Library Associa- tion, 140.— Programme 1st Musical Entertainment, 140.— Programme 2nd Musical Entertainment, 141. —E. Bicknell, on Eozoon Cana- dense, 141,— A, Hyatt’s remarks on Mr. Bicknell’s Paper, 142.—W.D. Northend’s Notice of some Old Papers of Gen. Titcomb of Newbury- port, 142. Third Musical Entertainment, 2 : : A F ,
Regular Meeting, Monday, December 20, 2 ¢ ‘ * Letter from Thomas Spencer of Bransby, near Lincoln, Eng., giving an Account of two Visits to Scrooby, the Home of the Pilgrims,-150.
Fourth Musical Entertainment, ;
81 81 88 88
97
100
103
113 119 121
137 137
139 140
148 150
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BULLETIN
OF THE
Moo Ds LINS TIO De.
Vou. I. Satem, Mass., January, 1869. ‘No, 3. One Dollar a Year in Advance. 10 Cents a Single Copy.
PROSPECTUS.
Tue Buiietin of the Essex Institute is amido Gs give to the public, such portions of communications | made to the Essex Institute at its semi-monthly and other public meetings, as are of popular interest.
A brief summary of all the proceedings* at each | meeting will be given, which will contain the fiéles of all written or oral communications rendered, and the names of their authors.
Such “papers as are somewhat dryly historical, or rigidly scientific, will be reserved for publication in. another form.
A small space in each number will be used to an- ‘nounce the recent correspondence, and donations to the Library and Museum, and to state deficiences ex-
*The Quarterly, hitherto published under the title of ‘‘ Proceedings of the Essex Institute,” will be discontinued with the number which completes the records to January Ist, 1869.
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isting in the collections of the Institute, and the methods in which its friends may best aid in render- ing them more complete. There will also be inserted a list of some of the duplicate volumes, pamphlets, newspapers, etc., in the library which will be offered for exchange or sale.
It is confidently expected that the variety and inter- esting character of the communications this volume will contain, will make it a favorite with the public, while its low price will bring it within the means of all.
It will be issued at the close of each month in its present form, and in sheets of not less than sixteen pages with occasional supplements.
THE OLD PLANTER’S HOUSE.
[See Historical Collections of Essex Institute, Vol. II, p. 39.]
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AN EARLY VOYAGE BEYOND THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.
“THERE WAS A SHIP QUOTH HE.”
Yet in this case not a myth, but a veritable ship, henceforth to be recorded among many others whose names are an honor to Salem.
This ship was one* of the first to sail from an Ameri-
can Port for commercial purposes to the Indian Ocean. - For an authentic account of this voyage we are in- debted to Mr. Jonathan Tucker of Salem, whose grand- father was master of, and whose father was one of the crew of the vessel. Family traditions, confirmed by the ship’s papers left by his grandfather, had amply qualified him to give the narrative to which we listened. __
About the close of the year 1786, what was then considered an adventurous voyage, around and beyond the Cape of Good Hope was projected by Elias Hasket Derby, Esq. For a vessel he took a Bark of 240 tons burden. She had been captured from the British during the revolutionary war at a time when she had on board a company of Light Horse troops, therefore, when subse- quently purchased by Mr. Derby he named her “Light Horse.”
For captain, if was not unnatural that he should select Capt. John Tucker of Salem. He had been a successful -eqmmander of privateers, and had as tradition says, cap-
*The jirst vessel to leave an American port for the extreme east was the ship ‘“‘Grand Turk,” Ebenezer West, Master. She cleared from Salem for Canton in January 3, 1786, but her voyage was not a declared success, until four months after the commencement of the voyage here recorded.
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tured the “Light Horse.” He had also proved a success- ful merchant, as well as an energetic shipmaster, and had early retired from a seafaring life. He was at this time forty-four years of age and combined in himself so hap- pily the qualifications for such an expedition, that Mr. Derby did not spare the most earnest solicitations to se- cure his coéperation, which was at last obtained, Mr. Derby stipulating to pay the unusually large compensa- tion of three thousand dollars.
The crew provided, numbered in all fifteen men, among whose names are found those of many, who afterwards became highly estimable and prominent citizens of Salem. Most generous provision was made for their health and comfort. The list of ship’s stores comprise more than one hundred items. The outfit of a large adventure, at the present day, would not exceed the quantity and variety that this exhibits.
It is interesting to notice the exports which comprised her cargo. They were notably for the most part the mis- cellaneous products of a new country, comprising :— Beef, pork, butter, tobacco, fish, tar, pitch, turpentine, oars, cheese, mackerel, flour, hams, lumber, masts, iron, iron hoops, sperm candles, rum, cordage, tallow candles, lard.
She carried also the following foreign products :— Geneva gin, claret wine, loaf sugar and olive oil. An exchange of these artjéles was sanguinely expected to yield a profit of cent. per cent. The whole value of the cargo was £5,947, 4s. 8d.
From the date of this voyage, it will be perceived that we had as yet no national government; therefore, a pro- tective sanction, serving as an introduction to foreign countries and their governments, was given by the Goy- ernor of Massachusetts in the following form :—
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS.
[L. S.] To all who shall see these Presents, Greeting.
It is hereby made known that leave and permission has been given by the Naval Officer to Capt. John Tucker, Master and Commander of the Bark called the Light Horse, now lying at Salem, within this Commonwealth, to depart from thence and proceed with his vessel and cargo on a voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, the Isle of France and Batavia, and that the said Bark belongs to Elias Hasket Derby, Esq., a merchant of character and high reputation, a subject of the Commonwealth, being one of the thirteen United States of America.
Now, in order that the said Master may prosper in his lawful affairs, it is earnestly requested and recommended to all who may see these Presents at whatever, port or place said Master with his vessel and cargo may arrive; that they would please to receive him, the said Mas- ter with goodness, afford him all such aid and assistance as he may need, and to treat him in a becoming manner, permitting him upon pay- ing expenses in passing and repassing, to pass, navigate and frequent the ports, passes and territories, wherever he may be, to the egd that he may transact his business, where and in what manner he shall judge proper. He keeping, and causing to be kept by his crew on board, the Marine Ordinances and Regulations of the place where he is trading.
Given under my hand, and the Seal of the Commonwealth of Massa- chusetts, the twenty-second day of January, A. D., 1787, and in the eleventh year of the Independence of the United States of America.
; JAMES BOWDOIN. By his Excellency’s command. JOHN AveERY, Jun., Secretary.
At,this time the Custom House and the Light Houses were controlled by the State, as the following ore of a document will show :
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, } Naval Office, Port of Salem, Jan. 23, 1787.
’ Received of John Tucker, Master of the Bark Light Horse, burthen two hundred and forty tons, the sum of forty shillings and sixpence, being the. amount of the duty on said Bark, required by a law of this Commonwealth for the support and maintenance of Light Houses on the sea coast thereof. JOS. HILLER,
Naval Officer.
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The Bark “Light Horse” set sail, on the 27th of Jan. 1787. Her deck was loaded with lumber. Nine days out they encountered a heavy gale, and a “very boister- ous sea,” that carried away part of their deck load, dashed in her ports, and started a leak. The pumps were suffi- cient to keep the leak under control.
They were troubled with ice, and after a long passage of fifteen weeks, arrived at the Cape of Good Hope. The Captain wrote his first letter from Table Bay, dated May 15, 1787, giving a circumstantial account of his passage, and of the sale of a portion of his cargo. From the Cape of Good Hope, they sailed for the Isle of France, where they arrived after a passage of thirty days. Here the. cargo was sold, and the products of this sale used to pur- chase a return lading. Mr. Derby, soon after the “Light Horse,” had sent out the Bark “Three Sisters,” Ichabod Nichols, Master, with a cargo valued at £4129, 7s. 1d. On arriving at the Isle of France, both her cargo and the vessel herself were sold, the latter for $6,000. The money thus procured was also used to obtain a complete return lading for the “Light Horse.” The cargo procured consisted principally of bourbon coffee, but also com- prised India goods, such as bags, cotton, pepper, salt- petre, china-ware, bandanna handkerchiefs, calico, cotton handkerchiefs, cotton goods, etc.
The passage home was safely, but laboriously made. On arriving off our coast» by reason of severe weather, and much ice, they were forced to put into Portsmouth. Here the illness of Capt. Tucker was so great that Capt. Nichols of the “Three Sisters,” who had returned with them, brought the vessel from Portsmouth to Salem. Arriving Jan. 27, 1787, just one year from the time of their departure.
The voyage proved fatal to Capt. John Tucker, who
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contracted the climate fever at the Isle of France and | died from its effects, March 31st, 1787, two months after his return.
Other vessels soon followed in the track of the “Light Horse.” From the original papers in the hands of Mr. Tucker, it is found that no less than eight vessels from Salem, had doubled the Cape of Good Hope, between Jan. 1787 and 1789, and were the van of the squadrons which have followed since to the remotest East.
In these days of large ships it may seem that these vessels were of very moderate tonnage. They ranged only from 140 to.300 tons burthen. A second “Grand Turk,” built by Mr. Derby a few years later, called the Great Ship, did not exceed 500 tons burthen. Thus regarded, these adventures seem small. On the other hand, if we estimate these early voyages by the Yaith, ability and energy required, at that time, for their pro- jection and successful execution, they must rank with the most notable enterprises of the present day.
————OoC
NICARAGUA.
Nicaragua, although offering a rich field to naturalists, long remained comparatively unexplored. ;
This work is now being prosecuted very faithfully and successfully by Mr. J. A. MecNiel, under the auspices ‘of the Peabody Academy of Science. He is an indefatiga- ble collector of objects of Natural History and Archeo- logy, and a close observer of the habits and customs of the people.
Leaving Salem in May, 1868, he spent several months among the Nicaraguans, and returned in the following November, bringing back an extensive collection.
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At a recent meeting of the Essex Institute, just previ- ous to entering again upon his explorations, Mr. McN iel, in a brief address, gave an entertaining account of what he had seen, substantially as follows :
It is easy to reach and to travel in Nicaragua, but it is a very unpleasant country to live in. This is owing to the absence of the most ordinary comforts of civilized life, and the uncleanly habits of the natives. The people are strikingly peculiar. They lack less an aptitude, than an inclination to learn. They show but little ambition or foresight. A full meal of “tortilla” (or little cakes of corn) produces perfect content, and indifference to the future.
Their process for preparing corn to be made into cakes, is especially interesting, explaining, as it does, the former use of certain Indian implements found in New England. The corn is parboiled in a solution of wood ashes until its cuticle can be removed by rubbing. Its hull is then rubbed off, whereupon the kernel, softened and hulled, is placed upon a flat stone to be mashed. To do this they use a long, irregularly cylindrical stone, somewhat taper- ing at the ends, and somewhat flattened upon one side by the attrition produced in the mashing process. They hold this masher by the ends, and by half rolling, halt rubbing, and at the same time compressing the corn, they reduce it to a fine pulps» This pulp they mould with their hands into small calees, to be baked on pans over ovens made in the earth.
Recently a severe storm washed away a portion of the coast of Punta Icaca, in Rialejo Bay, and brought to light — a nearly fiat stone, with three legs and with a knob at one end shaped to resemble the head of a tortoise. With the stone pan was a stone masher, like those now used; similar to those which have been found often
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in our vicinity and generally regarded as stone pestles. The place where these implements were discovered has not . been inhabited within the recollection of the present gen- eration.. These relics* are therefore undoubtedly quite ancient, and are valuable as furnishing an explanation of some of the relics of the aborigines of North America, as already alluded to.
Some coarse but strong and durable fabrics, made from vegetable fibre, and some elegant carvings upon hard- shells, of some kind of fruit, show that this people have considerable ingenuity, but they lack the disposition to rise by it above a certain level. A few Americans and other foreigners have taken up their residence in Nicaragua. They have carried with them the customs of civilization ; but.the natives show great aversion to adopting any in- provements suggested, however obvious the advantage to be gained, or however easy it may be made for them to change to better methods. To illustrate this Mr. McNeil told the following story :
Some American residents wishing to greatly pleaee some friendly Nicaraguans living near by, procured from New York at great expense, as a present for them, a cooking stove of the most approved model. It was thought that this would be welcomed as a marvellous im- . provement upon the little fire of sticks, by which the Nicaraguans did all their cooking. The present was received with expressions of much pleasure, and forth-_ with tested. The first experience was repellant. Smoke poured forth from every seam, the fire smouldered, and the kettles refused to heat. But this difficulty was obvia- ted when at the suggestion of their more experienced American friends, they transferred the fire from the oven to its proper place. For a time they used the new cook-
* They are now deposited in the cabinets of the Peabody Academy. ESSEX INST. BULLETIN. 2
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ing apparatus, but gradually neglected it, soon rejected it as an inconvenient and useless thing, and returned to their fire of sticks.
Their religion appears to be a mixture of Roman Ca- tholicism and Sun worship, yet the true character of their faith must be determined by giving to it a closer study. One of their curious religious customs is a system of proxy, by which the women do religious service for the men, and the priests for the women.
We hope that before many months, when Mr. McNeil shall have returned again, he may enable us to communi- cate a more extended account of this country, its people, and its productions. |
COL. LESLIES’ EXPEDITION. CANNON IN 1775, ON THE NORTH BRIDGE WHARF.
The laughable defeat of Col. Leslie with the sixty- fourth British Regiment, at the North Bridge, on Sun- day, Feb. 26, 1775, has been made to appear still more ridiculous, and quite Quixotic from information fur- nished by Mr. Gideon Tucker, and communicated by his nephew, Mr. Jonathan Tucker, both of Salem. Mr. Gideon Tucker died in 1861, aged eighty-three years, but previous to his death made a written statement, from which it appears that shese cannon were not public mili- tary stores, but private property, owned by various per- sons, and had been stored upon the wharf as useless in a time of general peace.
The following is his statement :
‘‘Being with my father at his wharf in North Salem, when I was six or seven years old, then in 1784 or thereabouts, from which wharf privateers were fitted out in the Revolution, and where prizes were
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landed, he pointed out to me where the cannon were piled, in front of the old store, upon the wharf, that was recently burnt.
These cannon had been accumulating for some time. They were owned by various persons; had been in use on board merchant vessels, and landed from them; a general peace making them then unneces- sary.
When the alarm came that Leslie was marching that way to seize
them, they were dragged away by the farmers, in a general turnout, suspended under their ox-cart axles, and under the direction of Col. Mason, of the Salem Militia, were landed on the upper part of his land, now the head of School Street. From him Mason street has its name. . A written memorandum from Gideon Tucker is here copied, dated September, 1858. ‘‘ While Col. Leslie was detained by the raising of the draw of the bridge, the cannon were removed to Mason’s field, where Geo. H. Devereux’s house now stands, and there I saw them several years. I judge, from the best of my recollection, the number might have been twelve or fifteen. They remained there several years, up to 1793, or longer, and then gradually disappeared.
In the trouble with France at that time merchant vessels saile@ with armament, and with Letters of Marque, and these cannon were taken for that purpose. None of them were used in the war of the Revolu- tion. The place where they lay was a thicket of bushes and trees, and with boys, I have often played over and about them, until they were removed.” :
Our venerable citizen, Ebenezer Symonds, now living, testifies to having seen them there in his very youthful days.
—<=»“———
ON GUANO DEPOSITS.
Prof. A. M. Edwards, of New York, made some remarks calling attention to a course of investigation he had been pursuing for several years, by means of which he had become acquainted with many facts of extreme importance in severai branches of science, more particu- larly Geology, Agriculture and Chemistry. After having spent some years in the examination of Guanos, both chemically and by means of the microscope, he had turned his attention to the so-called, ‘‘Infuso- rial deposits ” which are found to occur in various parts of the world, but more particularly on the Pacific shores of the North American continent, and in Japan and Peru. After becoming connected with the State Geological Survey of California, carried on under the direction and control of Prof. J. D. Whitney, he had been enabled to extend his field of research considerably, on account of being entrusted with the examination of the specimens collected during its prosecution. A full
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consideration of this subject will appear in some future volume of the Survey Report, therefore the present notice is merely intended to call the attention of scientific observers to the matter and to solicit aid in its farther prosecution.
Among the specimens thus examined, are some of the rocks or shales, making up the great mass of the mountains of the Coast Range, which extend down the Pacific shore, from Washington Territory to the borders of Lower California. These shales are of a light cream color, for the most part, and are mainly made up of the siliceous remains of Diatomacee and Polycistina; the first being minute plants, and the last animals. Many of these are identical with those found living at the present time in the waters of that coast. Exuding through, and invariably present with these shales, is the Petroleum or Bitumen of California, from which fact they had been named by the Survey, ‘‘Bitumenous shales.” Off this coast, and lying generally parallel to it, are several islands generally bearing upon their summits | layers of guano of more or less value commercially. This coast, it must be noted, is in continual motion from the contiguousness of ‘volcanoes of greater or less activity, which are found in the Sierra Nevadas and their spurs; so much so that it is slowly rising. The - Survey have identified at least three ancient lines of rise or coast, and another one is seen in the islands which represent the peaks of a future Coast Range.
If the facts which accompany the occurrence of the marine Infuso- rial deposits of other parts of the globe, be examined, they are found to be the same as occur in California; that is to say, there is found Bitumen of some kind, and adjacent thereto islands upon which guano exists. Thus at Payta, in Peru, Dr. C. F. Winslow had found an Infusorial deposit almost identical with the Californian one; near by was Bitumen, and off the coast the well known Guano islands of Galapagos, Chincha, Lobos and others. The rocks of the Chincha Islands, which immediately underlie the guano, had been shown to be volcanic, and in fact, of recent eruption. So again, at Netanai in Japan, Mr. Raphael Pumpelly had found a marine Infusorial deposit of the same character, Bitugaen and active volcanoes. In the north- ern part of Africa, in Algeria, the same phenomena occur, and in the Carribean sea are found the Infusorial deposits of the islands of Trinidad and Barbadoes, the great Pitch-lake of the first and the Bitumenous springs of the last island, while guano islands are com- mon, and active volcanoes not uncommon. ,
From these facts as well as others of no less importance, derived from the chemical and microscopical characters developed, he had come to the conclusion that guano was not the result of the accumula- tion of bird droppings upon the islands, but the deposit of the remains
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of dead animal and vegetable matter at the bottom of the ocean, which, as the coast rose, had been so lifted as to appear upon the crests of the islands formed, and from the chemical change which it had undergone during its submergence, and thereafter, had become the substance known as guano. If, however, such a collection of organic remains were acted upon by pressure and heat derived from volcanic sources at the time of, or previous to, its upheaval, the result would be a removal of most of the organic material, and its conversion into , Hydro-carbons, such as are found in the Bitumen, while the inorganic portions would remain agglomerated together in the form of a more or less porous shale, mainly made’ up of the siliceous lorica of such organisms as were common in the waters of the sea in which it was formed.
He pointed out the fact, that the valuable deposits of guano which are found upon the Pacific coast of South America, are rapidly dis- ‘appearing, and-before very long it will become necessary to look in a new direction for a supply of this now indispensable material. He was convinced that the sea-bottom would hereafter be the storehouse from which such a want will be supplied. He had, in this eonnec- tion, been greatly pleased to meet with one account, written by a gentleman who had spent some time at the Chincha Islands, connected with the guano trade, and who had a record of an island which had risen from the bottom of the sea in that locality, during one of the volcanic disturbances so common there, upon the summit of which was found guano. He also called attention to the fact, that although it served very well the purposes of a fertilizer, yet the accumulation of recent bird droppings of that coast, as well as of our own and of the European, is not guano, and in South America is not known under the same name, but has a peculiar appellation applied to it by the inhabi- tants.
It was his intention to follow up these investigations as fully as lay in his power, and he called upon scientific observers and collectors, to assist him by means of specimens of guanos, sea-bottoms, alge, anchor muds, and similar material, as the vast scientific and commer- cial importance of the subject warranted him, he considered, in so doing.
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GEORGE W. FAHNESTOCK.
Our acquaintance with Mr. F. commenced last summer, when he spent a day in Salem, visiting the several objects of interest. His pleasing manners, gentlemanly address, and deep interest in insti- tutions for general culture, made a very favorable impression, and resulted in a very pleasant and profitable correspondence and inter-
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change. At that time speaking of his collection of pamphlets, he remarked that he did not know for what purpose he was making this collection, but presumed that it would ultimately be placed in some public institution. Little did he know how soon an awful catastrophe awaited him. He was a passenger on board the steamboat United States, bound from Cincinnati to Louisville, when she collided with the steamboat America, near the hour of midnight, on the 4th of December, 1868, about midway between the two above named places, and was among the victims of that terrible disaster.
Mr. F., son of B. A Fahnestock, was born in Chambersburg, Frank- lin county, Pa., in the year 1823; and received a liberal education at Washington College, Pa. After graduation he continued his studies, and in early youth acquired a knowledge of many branches of Natural Science, particularly of mineralogy and botany. Notwithstanding his connection with a very extensive drug business in Philadelphia, he continued his studies with unabated zeal and great success. While possessing a deservedly high reputation as a successful man of busi- . ness, he acquired a still wider reputation as a devotee to the natural - sciences, and an antiquarian.
His collection of rare old books and pamphlets was very large and valuable. He seemed to take pleasure in exciting an interest in similar pursuits in the minds of others, and in aiding them. Espe- cially did he do this for the various historical societies of the country. With many of the latter he was brought into connection through his gifts or exchanges. The friends which he made in this way will learn of his melancholy end with deep regret. To the Pennsylvania Histori- cal Society he bequeathed all his present collection of pamphlets, numbering some 70,000. Many of these are very rare and will be of great value in throwing light upon obscure matters of history.
He was a sincere, humble and modest christian, and was attached to the Presbyterian church. He was in full sympathy with the benevo- lent enterprises of the day, and sustained them liberally with his means. He was blessed with wealth, and his great desire was to use his means in doing good. Without doubt, if his life had been spared, he would have continued spéadfast in this purpose, and employed his large fortune, present and prospective, in promoting the glory of God on earth.
The death of: such a man must— cut off as he was in the meridian of life —be regarded as a loss to the community and to the church. He has, however, embalmed his memory in the hearts of a wide circle of friends, and shed a lustre upon his name that will not soon fade away.
For many of the facts contained in this notice, we are indebted to an article in the Reformed Church Messenger for Wednesday, Decem- ber 23, 1868.
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JOHN CASSIN.*
During the past three years American Ornithology has lost from its ranks, three of its most distinguished patrons and votaries, who have died in the very prime of their lives, and in the midst of their active usefulness. Thomas B. Wilson, M. D., of Philadelphia, whose munificence not only enriched the Museum of the Academy with the renowned Massen collection of birds, but added to it by constant contributions, until it became the largest in the world, and accom- panied these princely gifts by one even more valuable, the most per- fect ornithological library anywhere to be found. Henry Bryant, M. D., of Boston, to whom the Natural History Society of that city is indebted for an ornithological collection only second in numbers to that of Philadelphia, an active, enthusiastic student alike in the closet and the field; and now John Cassin, of Philadelphia, who, more than any other writer’ during the last quarter of a century has con- tributed, by his investigations and his publications, to advance and increase our knowledge, both of American and Foreign Ornithology. He died in Philadelphia on the 10th of January, aged fifty-six years and four months. : .
Mr. Cassin was born in Chester, Pa., in 1813, and became a c¥tizen of Philadelphia in 1834. During the thirty-four years he has resided in that city, he has been an active member of the Academy of Natural Science, and no one has been more constant or more fruitful, both in his studies and in his contributions to his favorite science. Besides some sixty papers published in the Journal, or in the Proceedings of that Society, all of them of first-class importance, he has, from time to time, given to the world more elaborate publications. In 1856 he published an octavo volume, giving illustrations and descriptions of fifty species of birds unknown to Audubon. The ornithology of Wilkes’ expedition was committed, for revision, to Mr. Cassin’s charge, and by him published in a most creditable manner. The ornithology of the expedition to Japan, the ornithology of Lieut. Gilliss’ expe- dition to Chili, and the rapaces and grallatoxes in the ornithology of the Pacific Railroad Explorations were also written by Mr. Cassin.
In 1846, about twelve years after his first residence in Philadelphia, Dr. Wilson commenced his noble contributions to the Museum and to the library of the Academy of that city. The result, ‘‘ was a collection of twenty-five thousand specimens of birds, and a library contain- ing,” says Mr. Cassin, ‘‘very nearly every book relating to this branch of natural science.” With such unequalled opportunities, a man of Mr. Cassin’s rare application, devotion and zeal, could not but be- come a complete master of his science. No one on this continent
*Communicated by Thomas M. Brewer, M. D., of Boston.
16
equalled him in his familiarity with the old world forms, and his death leaves our country with no one to fill the void thus created in this field.
In American ornithology, in the forms of southern, central and insular America, Prof. Baird of Washington, and Mr. George N. Law- rence of New York, were Mr. Cassin’s co-laborers, and those fields are still ably represented. With the types of the other hemisphere Mr. Cassin was as familiar as with those of our own, and he has con- tributed largely to their elucidation and description.
In the death of Mr. Cassin, the world of Science sustains a double loss, not only that of the gifted naturalist, but also the appreciative and intelligent head of an important engraving establishment, where . scientific publications found in him invaluable assistance.
In the private relations of life he was upright, cordial and sincere, firm in his friendship, kind and courteous in his dealings, and the open and avowed opponent of all that was base or unjust. He never shrank from the avowal of his opinions, or from maintaining them when assailed, yet never engaged in personal controversy.
It was the desire of his heart that ‘‘ Naturalists of all climes should work out their mission in harmony and fellowship,” and to no one more than Mr. Cassin himself, belongs the high encomium he bestowed upon Gustav Hartlaub of Bremen, ‘‘ would that all like him cultivated and understood, as well as science, kindness, friendship and justice.”
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ORDER OF MEETINGS.
Regular meeting held January 4th, the President in the chair.
Records read. Donations to the Cabinets and the Library announced.
Communications presented by Mr. Jonathan Tucker, concerning early voyages beyond the Cape of Good Hope, vide page 3. Also concerning the Cannon at the North Bridge, Salem, 1775, vide page 10.
Narrative by James A. McNiel, of life and experiences in Nicaragua, vide page 7. Candidates for election as Corresponding Members, were announced.
Regular meeting held January 18th, the President in the chair.
Records read and correspondence announced. Donations to the Cabinets and the Library announced.
The President announced the death of George W. Fahnestock, vide page 13. Also the death of John Cassin, vide page 15. F.W. Putnam eulogized Mr. Cassin.
The President read a paper on the Union Building, in Salem, vide next number.
F. W. Putnam exhibited and described a living Pisuti.
Mr. Putnam also exhibited and explained two specimens of Indian Carving, vide next number.
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Professor A. M. Edwards of New York, spoke concerning the con- nection of Guano deposits with Infusorial shales, and Bitumen, vide page 11.
‘The thanks of the Institute were voted to Mr. Edwards for his address.
Thomas Spencer of England, Ferdinand J. Dreer of Philadelphia, I. P. Langworth of Chelsea, J. J. Howard of London, and James A. McNiel of Grand Rapids, Mich., were elected Corresponding Members. Candidates for election as Resident Members, were announced.
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LETTERS ANNOUNCED. ~*
Batchelder, Jacob, Lynn, Jan. 8; Boardman, Samuel L., Augusta, Me., Nov. 30; Brigham, W. T., Boston, Dec. 18; Chipman, Rev. R. M., East Granby, Conn, Dec. 15; Cobb, W, H.. Wellsboro, Tioga Co., Pa., Dec. 16; Dix, D. L., Washington, D. C., June 10; Dumas, V., Boston, Dec. 21; Eaton, Lilley, Wakefield, Dec. 29; Geer, Elihu, Hartford, Conn., De¢. 31; Goodell, A. C., jr., Salem, Jan. 6; Gould, B. A., Cambridge, Dec. 16; Howard, J. J., Dartmouth Row, Blackheath, Kent, England, Dec. 11; Hubbard, Sara A., Kalamazoo, Mich., Sept. 21; Jackson, Rev. S. C., Bos- ton, Dec. 30, and Jan. 4; Johnson, W. C., Newburyport, Dec. 24; Kinrock, Gusta- vus, Iowa City, Dec 25; Lacklau, R. M., London, England, March 3; Lincecum. _ Geo. W., Long Point, Dec. 14; Lyman, Arthur T., Boston, Jan. 12; McAlisten J ohn A., Philadelphia, Jan. 2; Naturborschendé Gesellschaft, Frieburg, March 3; Nor- ton, Edward, Farmington, Sept. 4; Porter, Horace P., Wayland, Allegan County, Mich., Dec. 31; Riley, Charles V., St. Louis, Mo., Dec. 21; Robinson, Ernest, New Haven, Dec. 31; Royal Institution, London, Nov. 29; Societé Royale des Sciences, a Upsal, Sept. 15; Spofford, Jeremiah, Groveland, Dec. 22; Tomkin, John, New York, Dec. 21; Turnbull, W. P., Philadelphia, Jan. 5; Verrill, A. E., New Haven, Conn., Nov. 18, and Dec. 20; Watt, David A. P., Montreal, May 4; Yeomans, W. H. Columbia, Conn., Jan. 1.
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ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. BY DONATION.
AGASSIZ, L., Cambridge. Contributions to the Fauna of the Gulf Stream at great depths, 8vo, pamphlet.
BATCHELDER, JACOB, Lynn. Lynn Directory for 1863, 1 vol. 12mo; ditto for 1865, 1 vol. 8vo. Catalogue of Lynn Free Public Library, 1 vol. 8vo.
BROOKS, CHARLES T., Newport, R.I. Carriers Addresses, Newport, 1869.
BurLerR, B. F., M. ©. Speech in U. S. Congress on National Currency, Jan. 1869, 8vo, pamphlet.
CHASE, THOMAS, Haverford College. Catalogue of officers and students for 1868-9, 12mo pamphlet.
COLE, Mrs.N.D. Files of Salem Gazette for 1868, 1 vol. folio.
EATON, LILLEY of Wakefield. Inaugural exercises at Wakefield, on the occa- sion of the assumption of the new name, July 4, 1868, 8vo, pamphlet.
‘GREEN, SAMUEL A., Boston. 48 Pamphlets.
HOLDEN, N. J. Various papers and pamphlets relating to the campaign of 1868
Hoop, MARY W. Massachusetts Gazette for Dec. 26, 1786.
ESSEX INST. BULLETIN. 3
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18
HouGH, FRANKLIN B., of Lowville, N. Y. Biographical notice of Dr. C. M. Crandall, 8vo, pamph., Albany, 1868.
LANGWORTHY, Rev. I. P., of Chelsea. Walton’s Vermont Register, 1852. Min- utes of Fifty-ninth Annual Meeting of General Association of New Hampshire, 8vo, pamphlet. Minutes of Sixty-sixth Annual Meeting of Genera] Association of Con- gregational Church, of Mass., 8vo, pamphlet.
LEE, JOHN C. Commercial Bulletin for December, 1868,
Low, N. J. Boston Post, from July 1868, to January 1869, 1 vol. folio.
MILLS, Rey. R. C. Minutes of the Salem Baptist Association; 12 numbers.
PERLEY, JONATHAN. By-Laws of Starr King Lodge of A., F. and A. Masons, 12mo, pamph., Salem, 1868.
POPE, HENRY E. Second Annual Report of Crown Hill Cemetery, 8vo, pamph., Indianapolis, 1866. Also several papers.
ROBBINS, Rey. C., Boston. Correspondence relating to the Invention of the Jacquard Brussels Carpet Power Loom, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1868.
ROBERTS, DAVID. Boston Directory, for 1863, 1 vol., 8vo.
Ropryson, E. P., Saugus. Abstract of Census of Mass., 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1867. Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, and Twenty-fifth Registration Reports of Massachusetts, 8 vols. 8vo, Boston, 1866, 1867 and 1868.
ROPES, WILLIAM L., Andover, Mass. Catalogue of Andover Theological Semi- . nary, 1868-9, 8vo, pamphlet.
SILSBEE, NATHANIEL, Boston. Harvard College, Treasurer’s statement, 1868,
- 8vo, pamphlet.
STICKNEY, M. A. Saco and Biddeford Directory, for 1849, 12mo, pamphlet. Newburyport Directory for 1849, 12mo, pamphlet. Portsmouth Directory for 1851, 1 vol. 16mo.
SUMNER, CHARLES, U. S. Senator. Sherman’s Speech in U. S. Senate, Jan. 6, 1869, 8vo, pamphlet.
THAYER, Rey. C. T., Boston. Address at dedication of Lancaster Memorial Hall, Jan., 1868, 8vo, pamphlet.
UpHAM, CHARLES W. Year Book and Almanac of Canada for 1869, 8vo, pamph.
U. S. Conc. LisprAry. Librarian’s Annual Report for 1868, 8yo, pamph.
U. S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT. Report of the Secretary of Treasury on the state of the Finances, 1867 and 1868, 2 vols. 8vo.
WATERS, J. LINTON, Chicago, Ill. Directories of Chicago for 1862, 1864, 1865, 1865-6, 1864-5, 1867, 6 vols. 8vo. Thirteenth and fourteenth Reports of Schools of Chicago. Elliot?’s Western Fruit Book, 1 vol. 12mo, New York, 1869. Adjutant General’s Annual Report of Dlinois, 1863, 1 vol. 8vo. 33 Pamphlets.
WEST, W.S. Eight miscellaneous pamphlets.
BY EXCHANGE.
BOsTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. Ryifletin for Noy., 1868. Sixteenth Annual Report of Trustees, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1868.
BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY. Proceedings, vol. XJ, sigs. 11 and 12.
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. Memoirs, vol. 1. pt. 2d, 4to, pamphlet.
KONGLIGA VETENSKAPS—SOCIETETEN, UPSALA. Nova acta Regiae Societatis, Scientiarum Upsaliensis, ser. ter., vol. VI, Fasc 1, 11, 1866, 1868, 4to.
LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE HISTORIC SOCIETY. Address to the members of, by J. Mayer, F. 8. A., 8vo, pamph., Liverpool, 1868.
MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Twenty-four numbers of its publications.
NEW ENGLAND HISTORIC-GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY. New England Historical and Genealogical Register for January, 1869. Address of Hon. M. P. Wilder at Annual Meeting, Jan. 6, 1869, 8yo, pamphlet.
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“New JERSEY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Proceedings, 2d ser., vol. 1, No. 2, 1868, 8vo
pamphlet. PUBLISHERS. American Literary Gazette, Dec. 15, Jan. 1. American Ento- mologist, Jan. —. Canadian Journal, Dec. —. Christian World Jan.—. Essex
Banner, Dec. 25, Jan. 1, 8, 15. Gardener’s Monthly, Jan. —. Gloucester Tele- graph, Dec. 23, 25, 30; Jan. 2, 6, 9, 13. Haverhill Gazette, Dec. 25; Jan. 1, 8, 15. _ Land and Water, Nov. 7, 14,21. Lawrence American, Dec. 25; Jan. 1, 8,15. Lynn Reporter, Dec. 23, 26, 30; Jan. 2, 6, 9,13, 16. Medical and Surgical Reporter, Dec. 19, 26; Jan.2,9. Naturalist’s Note Book, Dec. —. Peabody Press, Dec. 23, 30; Jan. 6, 13. Silliman’s Journal of Science, Jan. —. Triibner’s American and Oriental Literary Record. Vermont Historical Gazetteer. Bibliotheque Univer- selle et Révue Suisse, Archives des Sciences, Physiques et Naturelles, Tome XXXII, Oct. and Nov., 1868, 8vo. =
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ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUMS OF THE INSTITUTE AND THE PEABODY ACADEMY OF SCIENCE.
JONATHAN TUCKER, Salem. Two Cases of Chinese Insects. Prof. A. E. VERRILL, Yale College, New Haven, Conn. Sagitta sp., from East- port. : ‘ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, D.C. <A collection of thirty-three pack- ages of Infusorial earths from various localities. EzRA L. Wooppury, Salem. A specimen of ‘‘Common Brown Bat,” talagn in Salem. : Col. A. HARATzZTHY, Corinto, Nicaragua. A pair of elaborately carved, ancient wooden Stirrups, from Corinto. en Don. J. J. and Capt. F. B. DeShon, Polvyon. An ancient ‘‘ Rapier,” bearing the stamp of the maker, Lisbon, 1621. Capt. A. T. DouauLAss. A living specimen of the “‘'Pisuti,” or Coati, from Cen- tral America. Capt. GEO. F. EMMONS, Sloop of War Ossipee, U.S. N. Specimen of Gorgonia, from Punta Arenas, Gulf of Nicoya. JAMES L. WARD, Salem. A specimen of Loon (Colymbus torquatus) and one of Guillemot (Lomvia Svarbag , Coues), from the vicinity of Salem. Dr. T. GARLICK, Cleveland, Ohio. Antlers of the Caribou, from twenty miles north of Sault St. Marie, Lake Superior. Prof. H. W. RAVENELL, Aiken, S.C. A collection of 194 species of Fungi, from South Carolina. E. BICKNELL, Salem. Specimens of Garnet, from Ragged Island, Casco Bay. WILLIAM STONE, Ipswich. An Indian Pestle, found near Eagle Hill, Ipswich. G. E. EMERY. An Indian Idol, or Medicine, found in an excavation during the grading of the Northern Railroad of New Hampshire, about twenty years ago in North Boscawen, Merrimack County, on territory occupied by the Pennacook Indians. Also Green Jasper and Asbestos, from Lynn, and Insects and portion of the backbone of a Skate.
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DEFICIENCIES IN THE LIBRARY.
It is intended to publish from time to time, lists of deficiencies in the library; hoping that those friends of the Institute who may notice the same, will be induced to aid in completing the sets. Any number or volume, not designated (within brackets) under any title, will be acceptable.
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DEFICIENCIES IN ALMANACS.
THE CLERGYMAN’S ALMANAC, Boston [1809-1822].
UNITARIAN REGISTER, Boston [1846-1858].
UNITARIAN CONGREGATIONAL YEAR Bock [1856-1858, 1867].
ALMANAC AND BAPTIST REGISTER, Philadelphia [1841-1852].
AMERICAN BAPTIST ALMANAC, Philadelphia [1860].
THOMAS (R. B.) FARMER’S ALMANAC, Boston [1793-1863].
METHODIST ALMANAC, New York [1858, 1860, 1861].”
GEORGE’S (DANIEL) CAMBRIDGE ALMANAC or ESSEX CALENDAR, Salem and Newburyport [1776, 1778-1781, 1783, 1784].
RUSSELL’S (E. ) AMERICAN ALMANAC, Danvers and Boston [1780-1782].
CARLTON’s (OSGOOD) ALMANAC, Boston [1790-1797].
BICKERSTAFF’S BOSTON ALMANAC [1768, 1769, 1773-1775, 1777-1779, 1784-1788, 1791, 1792, 1795].
WEBSTER’S CALENDAR, or THE ALBANY ALMANAC [1829, 1832, 1847-1866, 1868].
NEW ENGLAND FARMER’S ALMANAC, by Dudley Leavitt, Exeter and Concord, N. H. [1819-1821, 1823, 1826-1827, 1830-1867].
UNIVERSALIST’S REGISTER, COMPANION and ALMANAC, Utica, N. Y., Boston, [1839-1842, 1849, 1852, 1855, 1857-1866].
WHIG ALMANAC, New York [1844-1853, 1855].
TRIBUNE ALMANAC, New York [1857, 1859-1866].
Low’s (NATHANIEL) ALMANAC, Boston [1770, 1772-1821, 1824, 1825, 1827].
CHURCHMAN’S ALMANAC, New York [1830, 1834, 1837].
THE CHURCH ALMANAC, New York [1841, 1843, 1846, 1848-1862, 1864, 1866, 1867].
THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL ALMANAC, New York [1860, 1862, 1863, 1864].
SworD’s POCKET ALMANAC, New York [1831, 1839].
THOMAS’ (ISAIAH) ALMANAC, Worcester [1788-1791, 1793, 1796-1808, 1811-1816, 1818-1822].
SPOFFORD (THOMAS) ALANAC; Haverhill, Exeter, Boston [1817-1824, 1826, 1829, 1831-1838, 1841, 1842, 1844, 1846].
DEFICIENCIES IN DIRECTORIES.
LEWISTON AND AUBURN DIRECTORY, by Stanwood [1860, 1864.]
PORTLAND DIRECTORY, by S. Colman [1831]; A. Shirley, [1834]; REFERENCE Book AND DIRECTORY, by Becket [1846, 1847-8, 1850-1, 1852-3, 1856-7, 1858-9, 1863- 4]; ALMANAC AND REGISTER, by C. A. Dockham [1860].
SACO AND BIDDEFORD BUSINESS DIRECTORY [1849, 1856-7].
CONCORD, N. H., DIRECTORY, by Hoag and Atwood, [1830]; D. Watson, [1856] ; DOovER, N. H. DIRECTORY, by Stevens [1833]; by J. S. Hayes [1859-60].
MANCHESTER, N. H., ALMANAC AND GENERAL BUSINESS DIRECTORY [1850] ; DIRECTORY [1854, 1858, 1860, 1g64, 1866].
Nasuua, N. H., DIRECTORY,by Greenough [1864-5].
PORTSMOUTH, N. H., DIRECTORY, by Penhallow [1821]; by Brewster [1851]; by Greenough [1854].
BURLINGTON, Vt. DIRECTORY, by Hart [1865-6, 1866-7, 1867-8].
Boston, MASS., DIRECTORY, by John West [1796]; by E. Cotton [1805, 1807, 1810, 1813, 1816, 1818]; by Frost and Stimpson [1822, 1826, 1827]; by Hunt and Stimpson, [1828]; by Charles Stimpson, jr. [1829, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845. 1846]; by George Adams [1846-9, 1847-8, 1848-9, 1849-50, 1850-1, 1851-2, 1852-3, 1853-4, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857]; by Adams, Sampson & Co. [1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1867].
sf
BULLETIN
OF THE
mS Be A ea i og Hh a Bs Bg ele
Vou. I. Satem, Mass., Fespruary, 1869. ING: 2. One Dollar a Year in Advance. 10 Cents a Single Copy.
INDIAN RELICS.
Mr. F. W. Putnam‘ exhibited two rare specimeits* of Indian carving, both wrought from steatite. The largest is about two inches, and the smaller about three-fourths of an inch in length. One was found in an excavation made about twenty years ago, during the grading of the N. R. R. of N. H., in North Boscawen, Merrimack County, on territory occupied by the Pentacooks. It was presented to the Museum of the Peabody Academy of Science, by Mr. G. E. Emery of Lynn. The other was found in Cayuga and has long been in the possession of the listitute, and was presented by Mr. C. L. Allen. It is a simple mask of soapstone, with holes bored through its edge to permit its being attached to a string. Both have decided Indian features, perhaps more noticeable in the smaller specimen. Similar carvings, wherever found, have been almost invariably cut from the same material. They are supposed to be Indian idols or “ Medicine.”
In this connection the following statement, transcribed
* At the Institute meeting, Jan. 18th. ESSEX INST. BULLETIN. 3
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from a Kansas paper published some months ago, and sent by Mr. Emery, is interesting.
‘* About the 10th of July the Kiowas had a battle with the Utes, in which the Chief, Heap-of-Bears, and seven other Kiowa braves were killed. Heap-of-Bears had on his person the Medicine of the Kiowas, which was captured by the Utes, who still retain it. This Medicine consists of an image about eighteen inches in length, carved to represent a human face, and covered with the down and feathers of the Eagle and other birds, and swathed in wrappers of different mate- rials of value. Although I have been conversant with Indian habits and customs for a long time, I was surprised to find the value these people attach to this Medicine. They begged and implored Col. Murphy to recover it for them, and promised to pay the Utes as many horses as they wanted, and also to make a permanent and lasting peace, not only with the Utes, but also to refrain from farther depre- dations on the Texas border, if this image should be restored. Col. Murphy promised to endeavor to recover it, but I think his success in the matter will be doubtful, as the Utes also attach great importance to their capture, believing that while they retain it, the Kiowas will be powerless to do them harm.”
ESSEX INSTITUTE PRESS.
To facilitate the printing of the publications a stand of type was obtained and placed in the lower western ante- room of Plummer Hall. Mr. William S. West was employed in January, 1866, to devote the time to com- position, not otherwise required in the care of the building—the presswork being done elsewhere. An enlargement of this plan soon became a great desidera- tum; more type was heeded; also a press and other materials requisite for a printing office. These were obtained from funds contributed by a few friends, and hence was established the.“ Essex Institute Press,” which, in the October following, commenced operations in the “Union Building,” corner of Essex and Union streets, Salem. This building was erected and is now owned by
ad 23 the “Salem Union Street Corporation,” a brief account of © which, with a few historical reminiscences, are contained in the following article.
In September, 1867, the Press was removed to the Central Building, on Central street, its present location. The associations that cluster around this locality are numerous, and a recital of them may, at some future time, be deemed of sufficient importance to be presented - to the readers of the Buntetin. The office is now fully equipped with type, and the various materials requisite in ‘a first-class book printing establishment, with the excep- tion of the Presses which are inadequate for the work ‘required, consequently a portion of the presswork is done elsewhere. The great desideratum is a large Press and steam power to operate the same, and we trust that all friends of the institutions in this place, for the prombtion of science and useful knowledge, will aid in the accom- plishment of this result.
Great credit is due to Mr. John O’Donnell, the fore- man, and to the compositors and pressmen in the office, for the fine appearance of everything that emanates there- from, which will bear comparison with the work of similar establishments.
The following books are now being printed at the office :
The 6th vol. of the Proceedings and Communications of the Essex Institube, 8vo; the 10th vol. of the Historical Cdllections of the Essex Institute, 8vo; the 1st vol. of the Bulletin of the Essex Institute, 8vo (issued monthly); the 1st vol. of the Memoirs of the Peabody Academy of Science, large 8vo; the 3d vol. of the American Natu- ralist, 8vo (issued monthly); the Guide to the Study_ of Insects, by Dr. Packard, 8vo (issued in parts, six parts now out); the Ist Annual Report of the Peabody Academy of Science, 8vo; the’ 17th vol. of the Proceedings of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science (Chicago Meeting); the Genealogy of the Stickney Family, by Matthew A. Stickney, 8vo; the Record of American Ento- mology for the year 1868, 12mo; Several other works are also in waiting.
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UNION BUILDING.
A meeting of subscribers to the building to be erected on Union street, was held on Tuesday evening, May 31, 1808; votes were passed to purchase of Mr. John Watson, his land and buildings on the western side of Union street, for the sum of five thousand dollars, and also to apply to the Legislature for an Act of Incorporation. The act having passed the two branches of the Legislature, received the approval of the Governor, June 10, 1808. The meeting for accepting the Act and for organization was held June 17, 1808. The Act of Incorporation limited the number of shares to one hundred, and the capital to $40,000.
The By-laws direct that the stock be divided into forty shares; that the annual meeting be held on the second Tuesday in June. The following officers were chosen : —
Directors, — Benjamin Pickman, President ; Gamaliel Hodges, Samuel Archer, 3d, Thomas M. Woodbridge, Robert Stone, jr. Clerk, —John Moriarty. Treasurer, — James C. King.
- Gamaliel Hodges, Thomas M. Woodbridge and W. B. Parker, were appointed the superintending committee of construction.
The Union Building at its erection, had two shops on Essex street and one on Union street, also three tenements for dwellings, on Union street. The eastern shop on Essex street was soon occupied by Thomas M. Vinson, for the sale of Dry Goods. Mr. V. came to Salem a few years previous and taught a school in the Vestry of the South Church, on Cambridge street. He entered the army in 1812; was Major of the 34th Regiment in 1813, and Lieutenant-Colonel in 1814, and when the army was reduced in 1815, received an honorable discharge. He then accepted an appointment in the Custom House, Boston, which he held many years. He was a respectable man and a good officer.
Goodhue & Warner, both from Ipswich, had a grocery in the south- ern shop, on Union street. They soon removed to Franklin Building. William Stearns occupied the eastern shop in the autumn of 1816, and for several subsequent years as a drug and grocery store. During his occupancy that and the southérn store were united.
The Merchants Bank was*instituted in 1811, and on the 29th of August of that year, leased the western store for their banking room, for a period of twenty years, and continued until the removal to Bowker’s Building. The first officers were Benjamin W. Crownin- shield, President ; John Saunders, Cashier; John White Treadwell, Principal Clerk ; Joseph Story, Joseph Winn, Jonathan Neal, James Devereux, Stephen White, John Dodge, jr., Joseph Ropes and Robert Stone, jr., Directors. The Essex and Salem, the only banks then in Salem, were under the control of the Federalists, and party spirit
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interrupted business and social relations. ‘The Republicans com- plained that they did not receive suitable accommodations at these two banks, and they accordingly obtained the charter of the Merchants, whose officers, and most if not all of its stockholders, were of the Republican party.
The site of this building was a part of the estate owned by the Elder John Browne, one of the early settlers. After his death it came into the possession of his son James, then his daughter Hannah, wife of William Pickering, then to her daughter Elizabeth, wife of Abraham Watson, then to her son John Watson, who in 1808, sold to the present owners. It was preoccupied by three buildings, two of which were very ancient. An old house in a very decayed condition was, on Essex street, tenanted by several families. In the rear was an old building which had been used for many years as a school-room, by Master John Watson, an eminent and successful teacher in his day, and a very worthy man. He was a son of Deacon Abraham and . Elizabeth (Pickering) Watson, and he lived in the house on the eastern corner of Essex and Union streets. His mother was a daughter of Capt. William ‘Pickering, who commanded the ‘Province Galley” for the protection of the fishermen from the depredations of the ‘french in 1707. His father was from Cambridge, but came in early life to Salem. His wife was Abigail, daughter of Capt. John and Abigail (Blaney) White. She died August 19, 1806, aged 54. He died October 31, 1813, aged 67.
He was succeeded in the school by Master Pennel, an Englishman, who came here from Boston. His family occupied a tenement in the old house above mentioned. South of the school-house was a more modern wooden building, used by a Mr. Baker, from Ipswich, for the manufacture and sale of hats.
For many of the above facts we are indebted to the kindness of W. B. Parker, Esq., who is an officer of the corporation and the keeper of its records; and to Hon. B. F. Browne, who has done a good service in the ‘preservation of materials for our local history, by his valuable contributions to the publications of the Essex Institute, and to the newspapers of this city. “
A SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF THE LATE HORACE MANN. 2 BY A FRIEND AND ASSOCIATE.
Biographical sketches of our late departed friends sometimes sound like solemn mockeries. When in rising, ripening youth, a man of promise is cut down unexpectedly to the majority of his friends, the
ESSEX INST. BULLETIN. 4
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mind refuses to accept as final, an end so unhoped for. It is hard to believe that the column starting from a broad base, and promising to tower into higher and purer regions, is suddenly snapped in mid air, leaving us only the incomplete shaft, an emblem at once of past great- ness and of unrealized hopes.
We are too apt to take as the measure of a life, perfect in its details and symmetrical in its proportions, days instead of deeds; to regard lengthened existence as a substitute for a genuine, fruitful one.
A sketch of the character and labor of the late Horace Mann will suffice to show that the popular estimate is false, for here we see a man who in early life had developed a character of singular simplicity and purity, and who had distinguished himself in the con- test between knowledge and ignorance. The departure of such men leaves a vague longing after something expected, yet undone. A deeper thought, however, convinces us that the loss is simply one of quantity, not quality; that years would have brought, as only years could bring, the fruition of all our hopes. Such lives show no failures. They only point to past success and conquests about to be entered ‘upon.
In truth, then, —
‘“*Tf we drop our tears, Who loved him as few men were ever loved, We mourn no blighted hope, nor broken plan
With him whose life stands rounded and approved In the full growth and stature of a man.”
Horace, the eldest son of Horace and Mary Mann, was born in Bos- ton, on the 25th of February, 1844. To him was denied the excessive vitality, so characteristic of boyish life, that leads its possessor into vigorous bodily exercise. For such sports he seemed to have but little relish. His nervous, sensitive temperament, inclined him rather to the more quiet enjoyment of intellectual life. Rude boys were too much for him, and he fled from their presence. Even at the earliest age, quiet, thoughtful boys older than himself, were his chosen com- panions. Some of the maladies incident to childhood affected him more seriously than they dogitost children, and intensified the morbid action of his nerves. Though very fond of his younger brothers, he once, when a child, wished that he could die, and when pressed for the reason, he at last unwillingly confessed that it was ‘‘ because the boys made so much noise.” Ever after, suffering for a whole year from the effects of a cold taken during the mumps, a heavy footfall had been painful to him. This alarming sensitiveness, of course, enlisted the greatest sympathy, and every arrangement was made to defend him against the robust play of stronger children. He also resolved, very early in his childhood, when his sympathies even for
27
animals were too keen for comfort, never to care much for any one,
for then he should not suffer. But that resolution was not easily kept, and he did love and consequently suffer. He made idols very early, and never quite lost the tendency to do so, but he never liked to hear another express the same disappointment he felt. The idols acquired a certain sacredness in his eyes from the very fact of the idealization.
His father, who was born with the same sensitiveness, frequently said of him that it would require all the prosperity the world could give to make it worth while for him to have been born. To one so constituted, the joy in the universe which made his happiness was the most fitting compensation. Perhaps to this weakness of body, we may in part attribute that all-absorbing interest in study, the final development of which, in after years, explained his rapid mental advance, and now entitles his name to a place on the list of our botani- cal celebrities. But his early education was not so much a lessoning
_ from books, as by handling the objects of nature and learning her laws from the lips of his father. He was not sent to school till he was twelve years old, with the exception of a few months when seven. He was then sent to the Model Department of the West Newton Normal School, because his natural love of order and routin® made the home lessons harassing at a time when his mother’s cares pre- vented the regularity of attention he craved.
The discipline of the school was excellent, neither too lax nor too stringent, and he was very happy in it for a time. The feature of it that interested him chiefly, was the daily lesson in Mineralogy, for this fed the taste already acquired for the study of nature— Conchology and Botany having been made interesting to him at home. His enthu- siasm about the stones he collected was so great that a kind friend sent him a barrel of Russian minerals. Never did king feel so rich. They were examined, named and labelled in the childish handwriting and spelling, and carefully preserved all his life. A sandstone, from Ehren breitstein, was labelled Ehren’s Broad Stone, and this is a good sample‘of his method of learning by ideas rather than by words. He had not a good verbal memory, and could never get rote lessons, but he never forgot anything he learned by the aid of eyesight and ideas.
His father was clearly of the opinion that the study of nature isa better discipline for the mind than the study of heathen mythology, and it was a great gratification to the son, in after life, to find this very expression in his father’s writings. To the boy no new item of knowledge or youthful discovery was satisfactory till he had ‘talked about it with papa.” He would watch at the door of the study, for intervals of leisure, from company and from literary labors, to seize the opportunity for these delightful talks. His father was also in the habit of taking his children to mills and factories, to show them
28
processes and machinery. Horace learnt very early a simple method of drawing from nature, by a system that did not involve scientific explanations, and when he was eight or nine years old, he would try to describe machines to his mother by drawing them. He afterwards showed a talent for drawing figures, and might have excelled in that accomplishment, if he could have found time from more absorbing occupations for it. $
Early exercises and sports in geometry made him practically familiar with that branch of mathematics, which was always easy to him, and he was a good arithmetician and algebraist when quite young. His
@first lessons in geography were from that edition of Woodbridge’s Atlas that has figures of animals and plants in their respective locali- ties, and from an encyclopedic work on the subject, illustrated on every page with fine wood-cuts. He excelled in drawing maps, and from his habit of poring over pictures, and from oral instruction upon geography and history combined, the lines of maps were never unmeaning lines to him. He was particularly charmed with Geethe’s mountain, on which the vegetation of different latitudes is paralleled by different altitudes. When he became a botanist the geographical distribution of plants was very interesting to him, and he was always in the habit of reading with a map by his side.
When in Washington for two Winters he enjoyed the freedom of the Patent Office, and became familiar with the objects obtained on Wilkes’ Exploring Expedition, and also with Mr. Titian Peele’s collection of the Fauna of the District of Columbia. The model machine rooms were also very attractive to him, and all that could be then seen of the Smithsonian Institution, at that time in its infancy. ‘
His boyish desire for travel was to see the scenery of the world, rather than of man’s achievements or their ruins, and he used to make himself quite unhappy with the fear that cultivation and railroads would go everywhere before he should be old enough to see his own country in all its wildness.
French was taught him in his childhood by living speech, and he studied both Latin and German by a colloquial, rather than by a gram- matical method, when quite young, but his knowledge of those languages was not extensive. His philological powers, however, were well exercised by these early studies, so that he had a good command of his own language. He had no taste for the classics ; there were too many interesting books to read, and things to do, to waste time upon them, as he thought. The love of nature, which dates back into his early childhood, from the time when he felt the quiet enjoyment of the new world, on the flowery banks of Concord river, sitting in his basket carriage, and the contemplative rambles of later life, in the same vicinity, leave on an observer the impression of a
“
29
child set apart to minister in the temple of nature. He registered his future vocation when in maturer years he said, ‘‘out of botany all to me is blank.” With more propriety he might have said, out of natwre all to me is blank. Exclusive attention to. one branch of natural science was out of the question. His broad, catholic tendencies could tolerate no such divorce of one kingdom from another. Uncon- sciously to himself, the unity in all was a potent element in leading him to devote himself to science. The harmony everywhere evinced was suited to a nature so thoughtful as his. The passionate ardor with which he pursued this idea, thereby becoming acquainted with the divine plan, lightened to him many labors of details involved in his mode of investigation.
One of his characteristics was that he could not do anything well but in his own way, and he had a strong will to bring that way about. If he set his heart upon anything he was unhappy till he could attain his wish, and very persistent in his pursuit of it. Perhaps the great- est trial of his childish life was the ungratified desire for a pistol, and subsequently for a gun, the possession of which had to be deferred till he came to years of discretion. In early childhood he was shocked and made unhappy for a long time by finding out that men used gins against one another. The knowledge came-on the same occasion that revealed to bim the shooting of birds, sufficiently distressing ‘in itself, © for he loved birds as well as flowers, which he did not like to pull to pieces even to learn the mysteries of their structure. Probably the desire for the fire-arm grew first out of a sense of danger. The whole subject of war was discussed by degrees, and he was led to feel that there were some things dearer and nobler than life, and that men were driven by the injustice and encroachments of each other to defend themselves in this fearful way. But the whole subject of ‘*man’s inhumanity to man,” was a painful one to so sensitive a child, who had known only love and kindness, and the ‘‘gun-man” was a sad subject. often recurred to. He was not a timid child, however, and always showed personal courage and pluck when the defenceless were assailed. He was evidently meant to dwell in « robust body, for he may be said. to have had a robust soul. Nothing stirred him so powerfully as narratives of bold enterprise. Preternaturally sensitive children are apt to become selfish, but he always showed conscience and considera- tion about his own wants. It troubled him that the articles he wished ' for to gratifiy his taste for the study of science were so expensive, but his parents tried to make him feel that they wished him to have everything that would conduce to his improvement, and when in after years he came into possession of his little patrimony, which he did virtually long before he was of age, his mother told him that it. had been laid by for him at much personal sacrifice, that he might not
30
suffer for means of education, as his father had. done, and gave him full liberty to furnish himself with all the books and apparatus he needed, and rarely interfered even with advice to restrain him, for he conscientiously devoted it to his education. We are assured by those who know him most intimately, that when he came into legal posses- sion he was ever ready to share it with others for the same purpose. In his maturer days we find him urging a friend to accept a lucrative position, and even using his influence to obtain it’for him, though at the same time by that very act he was depriving himself of the place, at once honorable and paying. Again he asked the same friend to take as a gift, some hundreds of species of plants, and does it in the follow- ing language: ‘‘I have two or three packages of plants laid aside for you which I wish to send on soon, not from any kind feeling but because I wish to have them out of the way.” Even mere statements of disinterested friendship are sufficiently rare to make them valuable ; acts of a similar character come but once in a great while, and we always acknowledge a refreshing sensation on seeing them.
It is a source of regret to his friends, that habitual modesty, or rather a painful under estimate of his own worth, often cut him off from a sympathy that must have been gratifying to him if he had known of its existence. It was given to few persons to know how deep down in his nature were rooted the purest sentiments of humanity. . They were not kept on the surface for public exhibition. He was seldom demonstrative, and the mass of mankind would never have dreamed that beneath his reserve was an exquisite tenderness which would not allow the infliction of pain on the meanest creature.
A long tried domestic friend, who has known him as people can only be known in their own family, hearing that a sketch was to be written of him by some one, came to his mother and said, —
‘“‘Tt ought to be told of Mr. Horace how kind and good he always was to the poor—how much thoughtfulness he had for them, and for everybody that had work to do—and how patiently and uncomplain- ingly he bore his illness.” ‘To this devoted friend, who shared his love of all natural objects, he always showed any interesting or novel specimen, and called her, to see the hidden glories of the microscopic world. Such a tribute as this is worth recording.
There is something of conscious purity in one who, through all the varying conditions of life, remains steadfast in his chosen plan, and in the darkest hours still sees beyond the cloud eternal goodness and — justice smiling on him. Bad men or persons of negative goodness can never look thus hopefully on the future.
He wrote to his mother from the Hawaiian Islands that he hoped she kept her promise not to be anxious about him, that he was well and enjoying every moment, adding, ‘“‘and if anything should happen
ees Oe ae ee a a eae
a. ele
—_—
‘
31 :
to me there is the whole delightful future.” The quiet trust of our friend meant, “ And so beside the silent sea I wait the muffled oar; No harm from Him can come to me On ocean or on shore.
I know not where His islands lift Their fronded palms in air, I only know I cannot drift Beyond his love and eare.” [ To be concluded.]
—<=>»*—S>—
ORDER OF MEETINGS.
Regular semi-monthly, meeting held Feb. Ist. President in the chair. Records were read. Recent Correspondence and Donations were announced.
The President read an interesting paper prepared by David R. Pea- body, upon the temperance organizations in the city of Salem, formed since 1841, vide next number. * ‘v
Voted, —That the thanks of the Institute be given to Mr. Peabody for his valuable paper, and that it be referred to the Committee on Publication.
The President presented a manuscript memoir of Horace Mann, jr., from a friend and associate, vide page 25.
Voted,—To refer this also to the Committee on Publication, and that the thanks of the Institute be tendered to the writer.
Mr. F. W. Putnam exhibited several specimens of trout, about two weeks old, which had been placed in his charge for the purpose of having them drawn for a paper in the Naturalist, by Dr. A. Coolidge of Boston. These specimens were all monstrosities, and presented the following characteristics :— One had a second head and anterior part of the»sbody growing out from its side, while another had two heads and was double throughout its anterior portion, but with a per- fect and single tail portion. Other specimens exhibited a singular. ‘ curvature of the spine which had prevented the fish, when alive, from swimming except inacircle. Dr. Coolidge has noted the fact that in all the several double headed monsters of trout that he has had alive
‘that it was the left head that governed the motions of the fish, the
right bead in every case holding an inferior position. Mr. Putnam gave a farther account of the anatomy of these singular specimens, from information furnished him by Dr. Coolidge, which was followed by a discussion of such malformations as illustrative of the principle of germination, during which Dr. A. H. Johnson noticed the latest
: 32
theory of the cause of monstrosities, and Mr. A. Hyatt gave an account of the development of certain species of Polyzoa, illustrating the same with drawings, showing the principle of propagation by budding among the lower animals.
Mr. Putnam also read extracts from a communication received from Mr. Dexter, of West Barnstable, Mass., giving an account of the fish farm where the monstrosities mentioned were raised. At Mr. Dexter's place they had been very successful in raising trout and salmon. This paper contains a very full description of a fish farm with its breeding house and ponds for the fishes of different ages, and will be printed in full in the May or June number of the Naturalist.
Regular semi-monthly meeting, Feb. 15th. President in the chair. The Records were read. Recent Correspondence and Donations were announced.
Edward S. Morse presented a paper from Mr. Harper Pease of Honolulu, Sandwich Islands, entitled ‘‘ Vertigo inhabiting Polynesia, with descriptions of new species.” He enumerates six species as having been described from this region, and describes seven new species. He adds in a letter, that he has ‘‘ discovered that they are distributed all over Polynesia, even on the Atolls, not elevated over five or six feet above the sea.”
"Mr. Morse then discussed the generic characters of this group, and described some of the characteristics of our native species of vertigo.
The President mentioned that the local committee of the American Association for the Advancement of Science —the meeting to be held in Salem, commencing on Wednesday, Aug. 18, 1869—had been organized, and gave an interesting sketch of the Institution, with a few reminiscences of some of those who were the active participants of the earlier meetings. A
A number of geologists, who had been employed in the State Sur- veys, had felt the necessity of stated meetings for the interchange ot opinions and observations, and conceived that great benefit would result therefrom in the prosecution of their investigations. In re- sponse to a circular issued by the members of the New York Survey, eighteen gentlemen met on the 2d of April, 1840, at the Rooms of the Franklin Institute, in Phladelphia, organized an association under the name of ‘‘The Association of American Geologists,” and continued in session two days. At the third meeting in Boston, commencing on Monday, April 5, 1842, a Constitution and By-laws were adopted, and the objects of the association enlarged so as to embrace the collat- — eral branches of the Natural Sciences, and the name was changed to “The Association of American Geologists and Naturalists.”
At the meeting in September, 1847, another important step was taken, and the sphere of operations enlarged so as to embrace, hence-
a
33
forth, the advancement of all the departments of positive knowledge, and the promotion of intercourse between those who are zealous for their cultivation. In the reorganization the name adopted was ‘‘The American Association for the Advancement of Science.” The meet- ings have been held annually (except during the years 1861 to 1865, inclusive) in different cities of the Union, and have contributed large- ly to the progress of American Science.
Candidates for membership were proposed.
Adjourned. 2
LETTERS ANNOUNCED.
Akhurst, J., Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 25; Aldrich, T. H., Troy, N. Y., Jan. 19, 23; Allen, B. R., Marblehead, Feb. 4; Almy, James F., Salem, Jan. 29; American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, Feb. 5; Atkinson, F. P., Cambridge, Feb. 10; Boardman, Samuel L., Augusta, Me., Feb. 5; Boston Public Library, Boston, Jan. 23; Brown, W. B., Marblehead, Feb. 1; Dall, W. H., Washington, D. C., Jan. 20; Deane, R., Cambridge, Feb. 4; Dreer, F. J., Philadelphia, Feb. 5; Elder, J. G., Lewiston, Me., Feb. 8; Fellows, R. J., New Haven, Conn., Feb. 13; Freiburg, Die Naturforshendé Gesellschaft, Oct. 18,1868; Goodwin, W. F., Richmond, Va., Jana12, 28; Harvard College, Corporation of, Cambridge, Jan. 19; Hazeltine, Amos, jr., Haverhill, Jan. 29; How, Moses, Haverhill, Jan. 28; Howard, Charles D., Peabody, Jan. 25; Jenks, E. H., Pawtucket, R. I., Nov. 30, 1868; Kennedy, George G., Rox- bury, Feb. 5; Langworthy, I. P., Boston, Feb. 5; London, Society of Antiquaries, Nov. 23, 1868; London Zo6logical Society, Nov.16, 1868; Lugduno-Batave, Bibliotheca Universitatis, Sept. 14, 1868; Lynn Public Library, Feb. 2; Maine Historical Society, Brunswick, Jan. —; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Jan. 19; Mead, Theodore L., New York, Jan. 19; Newhall, Josiah, Lynnfield, Feb. 5; New York Lyceum of Natural History, New York, Jan. 25; Nurnberg, Die Natur- historische, Gesellschaft, Oct. 1, 1868; Owen, Richard, Bloomington, Ind., Jan. 23, Feb. 10; Park, Frank, Indianapolis, Ind., Jan. 16; Peabody Institute, Baltimore, Md., Jan. 30; Perkins, Henry C., Newburyport, Jan, 28; Poole, Stephen D., Lynn, Jan. 20, Feb. 3; Putnam, Moses W., Haverhill, Jan. 29; Quebec Literary and Historical Society, Quebec, Jan. 21; Reakirt, John, Philadelphia, Jan.5; Runkle, J. D., Boston, Jan. 26; Sampson, Davenport & Co., Boston, Feb. 3; Thornton, J. Wingate, Boston, Mch. 15; Uhler, P. R., Baltimore, Md., Jan. 27> Veatch, Charles, Keytesville, Mv., Feb.6; Verrill, A. E., New Haven, Conn., Jan. 16, Feb.2; Waters, J. Linton, Chicago, Ill., Jan. 15; Warren, G. K., St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 18, 1868.
—<>+$»« > —
ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.
BY DONATION.
BUTLER, B. F., M.C. Sherman’s Speech in U. S. Senate, Jan. 6, 1869, on “‘ Char- tering of Railroad Companies,” 8vo. pamph; Shank’s Speech in U.S. House of Representatives, Jan. 7, 1869, on ‘‘ Recognition of Crete, 8vo. pamph.; Logan’s Speech in U. S. House of Representatives, Jan. 8, 1869, on ‘‘ Tenure of Office,” = pamph.; Cary’s Speech in U. S. House of Representatives, Jan. 5, 1869, Svo,
ESSEX INST. BULLETIN. 5
34
pamph.; Monthly Report of Dep’t of Agriculture, for Nov. and Dec., 1868, 8vo, pamph.; Boutwell’s Speech in U. S. House of Representatives, Jan. 23, 1869; Sumner’s Speech in U. S. Senate, Feb. 5, 1869; Daily Globe Supplement, Feb. 12, 1869.
GoopwWIn, WM. F., U. S. Army. Correspondence between Gilmer and McCul- lock, 8vo. pamph., Richmond, 1869.
Hyatt, ALPHEUS. Report on the Mineral resources of U. S. A., 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868; Report on the Commercial Relations of the U. S. with Foreign Nations, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868, .
Iowa STATE UNIVERSITY. Catalogue for 1867-8, 8vo, pamph.
LEE, JoHN C. Commercial Bulletin for January.
LoRING, GEORGE B. Files of Boston Post for 1868.
MUNSELL, JOEL, Albany, N. Y. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 13.
PARKER, GEORGE A. Thesaurus Lingue Sanctx, Sive Lexicon Hebraicum, Authore Sancte Pagnino, 1 vol. folio, Lugduni, 1577.
PEABODY, JOHN P. The Hoop Skirt, 9 Nos., Salem, 1868 and 1869.
SMITH, A. AUGUSTUS. Boston Directory for 1864, 1 vol. 8vo.
STATEN, Mrs. D. F. Anti-Popery, by J. Rogers, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1846; Les Ruines de Pompei, 12mo, Naples, 1858; Songs of Zion, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston; Good- rich’s History, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston, 1848; Beeklard’s Physiology, 1 vol. 18mo, New York, 1842; Pamphlets, 10.
STonE, BENJ. W. Seventh and eighth Annual Reports of the Commissioners of Public Charities and Correction, 2 vols. 8vo., New York, 1867, and Albany, 1868; Manual for the use of N. Y. Legislature, 1867 and 1868, 2 vols. 12mo, Albany, 1867, 1868.
STonE, E. M., of Providence, R. I. Twenty-seventh Annual Report of the Ministry at large, 8vo, pamph., Providence, 1869.
SUMNER, CHARLES, U. 8S. Senate. Morton’s Speech in U. S. Senate, Dec. 16, 1868, on *‘ the resumption of specie payments”; Monthly Report of Dep’t of Agri- culture, Nov. and Dec., 1868, 8vo, pamph.
BY EXCHANGE.
AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. Proceedings, No. 80, 8vo, pamph.
Boston PUBLIC LIBRARY. Bulletin for January, 8vo, pamph.
BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY. Proceedings, vol. xii, sigs. 13, 14.
FREIBURG, GESELLSCHAFT FUR BEFORDERUNG DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN. Bericht uber die verhandlungen, Band v, Helt 1, 8vo, Freiburg, 1868.
Iowa STATE HISTORICAL Society. Annals of Iowa, for Jan., 1869, 8vo, pamph.
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. Fourth Annual Catalogue of Officers and Students, for 1868-69, 8vo, pamph.
NEW YORK HISTORICAL Society. ‘Historic Progress and Democracy,” an Address by J. L. Motley, Die. 16, 1868, 8vo, pamph.
NURNBERG, NATURHISTORISCHE GESELLSCHAFT. Abhandkungen der, Band iii, Halfte 1, 11, and Band iv, 8 pamphlets, 8vo.
PHILADELPHIA ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. Proceedings for Sept. and Oct., 1868, 8vo, pamph. :
PUBLISHERS. American Journal of Conchology, vol. 4, pt. 4; American Literary Gazette, Jan. 15, Feb. 1; Book Buyer, Jan. 15; Canadian Naturalist, Jan. — ; Chris- tian World, Feb. — ; Cosmos, Feb. 13; Essex Banner, Jan. 22, 29, Feb. 5, 12; Gardener’s Monthly, Feb. — ; Gloucester Telegraph, Jan. 20, 23, 27, 30, Feb. 3, 6, 10, 13; Hardwick’s Science Gossip, Jan. 1, Feb. 1; Haverhill Gazette, Jan. 22, 29, Feb. 5, 12; Land and Water, Nov. 28, Dec. 12, 19, 26, Jan. 2,9; Lynn Reporter, Jan. 20, 23,97, 30, Feb. 3, 6, 10, 13; Medical and Surgical Reporter, Jan. 16, 23, 30, Feb. 6;
=
ne ee ey ae
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Nation, Jan. 21, Feb. 11; Naturalist’s Note Book, Feb. — ; Peabody Press, Jan. 20, 27, Feb. 3; Salem Observer, Jan. 23, 30, Feb. 6, 138; Triibner’s American and Ori- ental Literary Record Jan. 15; Western Bookseller, Feb. 1.
——S
ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUMS OF THE INSTITUTE AND THE PEABODY ACADEMY OF SCIENCE.
WILLIS G. BURNHAM, Essex. <A beautifully made Stone Axe, found in Essex.
Brown E. SHAW, Salem. <A framed Photograph of the Hairy Family of Ava, Burma, and one of a Group of Andamanese, Natives of the Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal.
JOHN R. MANSFIELD, Salem. Malformed Egg of Common Fowl.
- A FRIEND, Salem. Four steel spurs used by the Malays for arming fighting cocks.
T. S. BRiGHAM, Salem. Two specimens of Snow Buntings (Plectrophanes nivalis) and two Lesser Red-poll Linnet (#giothus linarius), from Salem.
H. B. GRIFFIN, Salem. Egg case containing embryo of Skate, from Rockport.
J. G. WILLIS, Salem. Embryo of Porpoise, and a young Flying Fish, taken on the passage from New York to Zanzibar.
' Rey. A. B. KENDIG, Davenport, Iowa. A collection of shells from the vicinity of Davenport.
L. T. LEE. U.S. Coast Survey. Twenty-seven specimens of Algx, from Tor- tugas, Fla.
SAMUEL KILLAM, Boxford. Carcasses of three Foxes, three specimens of sn¥w Bunting (P..nivalis), and one Snipe (Scolopax gallinago), all from the vicinity of Boxford.
PORTLAND SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY. Three specimens of Liparis sp., found among Eel-grass in Portland Harbor; collected by C. B. Fuller.
CHARLES G. ATKINS, Augusta, Me. Living specimens of Young emi and Eggs of Salmo fontinalis, from Grand River, Me.
JOHN H. SEARS, Danvers. A Stone Hatchet from Danvers, Carbonate of Lime from the same place, and Casts of Fossil Shells from Iowa. Three specimens of Woodpecker (Picus villosus), shot at Boxford.
J. C. JOHNSON, Newburyport. Head of Symnus brevipinna, taken off New- buryport. -
W. S. Coog, Salem. Minerals from Mt. Washington.
SAMUEL KILLAM, Boxford. Specimen of Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola Canadensis), shot at Boxford. :
CHARLES FISHER, Salem. Specimens of Gold, Silver, Copper and Lead ores, from California and Nevada.
ROBERT UPTON, Salem, Partial skeleton of Lomvia sp. é
Capt. H. D. Hany, U.S. R.M. Specimen of Squilla from Cape Fear River, N. C. '
WILLIAM GROVER, Salem. Four specimens of Leda thracieformis, from the stomachs of Sand dabs, taken in the vicinity of Salem.
3S
DUPLICATES.
Lists of this kind, which from time to time will be printed, show what we have to offer in conducting exchanges, or for sale. .
ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY. Oration on the life and character of Lafayette, Dec. 31, 1834, 8v0, pamph,, Washington, 1835. 50 cts.
ALLEN, M. O. History of Wenham, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston, 1860: $1.25.
BOSTON ALMANAC, twenty-three vols., from 1839 to1862, wanting only 1860, $5.00.
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FARMER’S ALMANAC, from 1795 to 1864, wanting only 1797, 1800, 1801, 1805, 1806 ; in all sixty-five numbers; good order. $12.00.
CHRISTIAN ALMANAC, 1821 to 1861, wanting 1835, 1837, 1838, 1843, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858.
ISAIAH THOMAS’ ALMANAC, from 1790 to 1821, wanting 1791-3-4-5, 1809-10, 1811- 12-14-15-16-17-19.
UNITARIAN ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846 to 1858, wanting 1848.
AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY ALMANAC, from 1836 to 1843, wanting 1841, 1842.
BELKNAP, JEREMY. The History of New Hampshire, 3 vols. 8vo, Boston, 1792. $9.00.
BRAZER, JOHN. Discourse at the interment of Dr. E. A. Holyoke, 8vo, pamph., Salem, 1829. 35 cts. Sermon on anniversary of ordination, Nov. 19, 1837, 8vo, pamph., Salem, 1837. 35 cts. Discourse on the life and character of Hon. L. Salton- © stall, 8vo, pamph., Salem, 1845. 35 cts. Discourse on the death of Hon. Benjamin Pickman, 8vo, pamph., Salem, 1843. 35 cts. ;
Brices, G. W. Eulogy on Abraham Lincoln, June 1, 1865, 8vo., pamph, Salem, 1865. 35 cts. Address on the Birth-day of Washington, Feb. 22, 1862, 8vo, pamph., Salem, 1862. 35 cts.
BROMFIELD, JOHN, Reminiscences of (not published), 1 vol. 8vo, Salem, 1852.
BURLINGAME, ANSON. Oration at Salem, July 4, 1854, 8vo, pamph, Salem, 1854. 35 cts.
CLAPP, DEXTER. Discourse on the death of Rev. James Flint, 8yo, pamph., Salem, 1855. 35 cts.
COFFIN, JOSHUA. The Toppans of Toppan’s Lane, 8vo, pamph., Newburyport, 1862. 30 cts.
EMERSON, BRown. Sermon on the thirty-eighth anniversary of ordination, 8vo, pamph., Salem, 1843. 30 cts.
EVERETT, EDWARD. Eulogy on the life and character of J. Q. Adams, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1848. 50 cts. Address in commemoration of Adams and Jeffer- son, 8v0, pamph., Boston, 1826. 50 cts.
FELT, J. B. Annals of Salem, 2d edition, 2 vols. 12mo, Salem, 1845-9. $5.00.
Who is the first Governor of Massachusetts, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1848. 30 cts.
History of Ipswich, Essex and Hamilton, 1 vol. 8vo, Cambridge, 1834. $3.00.
' Memoir or defence of Hugh Peters, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1851. 50 cts.
FLINT, JAMES. Discourse on the death of Rev. John Brazer, 8vo, pamph., Salem, 1846. 30 cts. e
GAGE, THOMAS. History of Rowley, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston, 1840. $5.00.”
GAY, EBENEZER. “The Old Man’s Calendar” Discourse, Aug. 26, 1783, 8vo, pamph., Salem, 1822. 25 cts.
GREENOUGH, N. W. Oration at Boston, July 4, 1849, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1849. 25 cts.
Lewis, A. and idee saad . R. History of Lynn, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1865. $4.00. ;
MILLS, ROBERT C. An Historical Discourse on the fiftieth anniversary of the First Baptist Church, Salem, Mass., Dec. 24, 1854, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1855. 50 cts.
NEAL, DANIEL. The History of the Puritans, 5 vols. 8vo, Portsmouth, 1816, full bound in sheep. $15.00. ‘
New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vols. 1 to 16,16 vols. 8vo, Bos- ton, 1847, &c., bound in cloth, gilt. $40.00.
NEWHALL, JAMES R. The Essex Memorial, 1 vol. 12mo, Salem, 1836. $1.25.
OSGOOD, GEORGE. Historical Sketch of North Danvers, 8vo, pamph., Salem, 1855. 25 cts. ?
REED, J. W. History of the Reed Family in Europe and America, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1861. $3.00.
j .
BULLETIN
OF THE
25 SS idee, IN SS LEO TE.
Vou. I. Satem, Mass., Marcu, 1869. No. 3. One Dollar a Year in Advance. 10 Cents a Single Copy. :
FIRST HOUSES IN SALEM.
- >». BY W. P. UPHAM. .” .
THE earliest permanent settlement within the limits of the’ Colony of Massachusetts Bay was made in 1626, at. Salem, then called, by the Indians, Naumkeag, by:a smal company of persons, among whom were John Woodbury, John Balch, Peter Palfrey, William Trask, Thomas Gard- ner, Richard Norman, William Allen and Walter Knight, some of them with their families, and all under the super- intendence of Roger Conant, the first Goyernor of the ~~ infant colony. A very full and valuable account of this ~~ company of Old Planters, as they were called, written by Mr. George D. Phippen, will be found in the first volume of our Historical Collections, page 97. J. W. Thornton,
_ Esq., has given us a new and most interesting insight into
their previous history as a company, and the nature of
the government under which they were associated, in his
“Landing at Cape Ann.”
’ It seems that Conant had already explored this neck of
land called Naumkeag, before finally concluding to remove ESSEX INST. BULLETIN. 5*
38
here ; and they were thus prepared to take advantage ‘of the best locations for their dwellings. We should there- fore naturally expect to find that they at once availed themselves of the good building ground, excellent and numerous springs of water and convenient harborage, which the central portion of the town affords. Whether this was actually the case, or whether the opinion is cor- rect which has recently prevailed, that the first settle- ment was in the vicinity of Collins Cove, and near the Salem end of Beverly Bridge, we cannot at present decide with certainty. The facts of record, however, so far as they have yet been investigated, as well as the descrip- tions by contemporaneous writers, do not confirm the latter opinion, but on the contrary seem to lead to the conclusion that the first houses built in Salem, were in what is to-day the most céntral part of the city. Some of these facts will appear in the course of this article. After the arrival of Gov. Endicott, in 1628, the town seems to have been regularly laid out in house-lots, in compliance with the order to that effect by the Company in London. We propose here to show, so far as we have been able to ascertain, the situation of some of these house-lots, and to give the names of their first known occupants. For our authority for the facts stated, we must refer generally to the various town and county records, from which they have been almost wholly de- rived. To secure cettainty, we have traced the history of many of these house-lots down to the present time ; and in many instances, in order to establish a single point, it has been necessary to bring together a great amount of facts, all of which we are obliged to omit here. In this inquiry we have found great assistance from the lists of Commoner’s rights, in the Commoner’s Records of the year 1714, when every person owning land on which —
39
a house had stood before the year 1661, had a right there- for in the Town Commons.
Washington street was originally laid out four rods wide from river to river; undoubtedly for the purpose of connecting the two primitive highways, which ran by the rivers’ side, at the point where they approach nearest ‘together. The Fort was enclosed between this street on the east, and North street and Summer streets, which were parallel to it, on the west. Essex street was probably at first only a way to the meeting house, and did not ex- tend farther west than Washington street. This would account for the fact that the lines of Essex street, east and west of Washington street, do not agree, as they in all probability would have done if the street had been origi- _ nally continued across.:. And this fact is still more netice- able when we remember that the house which formerly occupied the site of the Stearns Block, on the corner of these streets, stood out as far south as the curb-stone of the present sidewalk. That part of Essex street, west of Washington street, was called in 1670, “Mr. Batter’s lane.”
The four meeting houses of the First Church have all occupied the same spot; the first was built in 1634, and the “unfinished building of one story,” which had been previously used for worship, was no doubt in the same vicinity. The dwelling house of Rev. Francis Higgin- son, who died here in 1630, was on ground now covered. by the Asiatic Building, and faced towards the South river. That of Rev. Samuel Skelton, who died in 1634, was near where the Police Station now is, on Front street, and was called in 1643, “an old house,” being then in the possession of William Brown. Wie
The Fort above referred to was near the western corner of Sewall and Lynde streets, on what was the highest
40
land in that part of the town. Samuel Sharpe, who was sent over in 1629, by the Company in London, to take charge of military affairs, lived where the “Hunt house” lately stood, on the northern corner of Lynde and -Wash- ington streets. His land, consisting of about three acres, running back to North street, was known as “Sharpe’s field.” The house, with about half an acre of land adjoin- ing, was conveyed by his son Nathaniel Sharpe, in 1684, to John Price, who, in 1698, conveyed the same land, the house having probably been taken down or removed, to Lewis Hunt, who, in 1701, built the house which was taken down a few years ago. North of the Sharpe homestead was about an acre of land, owned in 1656 by the widow Eleanor Robinson. North of that and extending from where the Court House is, to the North river, was a homestead of two acres, conveyed in 1656, by Thomas Wilkes, a shipwright, to Thomas Hale of Newbury. Next south of Mr. Sharpe’s house was-a house and one acre of land bought by Henry Cooke of Edmond Thomp- son, in 1645, and afterwards owned by Rev. Nicholas Noyes; the house stood just south of the residence of the late Robert Brookhouse. Next south was the house and one acre of land of Robert Adams, conveyed in 1649 to Edward Norris, and next south, on the corner, lived Edmond Batter, a leading man among the early inhabi- tants. On the opposite corner, where the Horse Railroad Office now is, was @*house belonging to Hugh Peters, Pastor of the Church from 1636 to 1641, which was sold to Benjamin Felton in 1659. South and west of this was the homestead of Ralph Fogg, the first town clerk, after- — wards owned by John Hathorne. South of that was a small house occupied, for a time, by the Lady Deborah Moody, and next south was the homéstead of Hugh Peters, afterwards occupied by John Corwin. On the
4]
corner of Norman street, lived Dr. George Emory, here
as early as 1637. These house-lots on the west side of
Washington street originally extended through to North
and Summer streets, the houses being at the eastern end. [To [be continued.]
—<»«>—
A SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF “THE LATE HORACE MANN.
“BY A FRIEND AND ASSOCIATE.
[Concluded from p. 31.]
To return to his boyhood. The next branch of natural science that interested him was chemistry, and this interest lasted for many years. He was not satisfied with other people’s conclusions, but must make his own experiments. He was naturally cautious, and was allowed, under partial protest, to venture upon them himself; but some acci- dents occurred. He made some gunpowder on one occasion, and thought he had failed to make it explosive, but his parents were routed early one Fourth of July morning, by his flying into their chamber with his face and hands flashed with gunpowder. He had leaned too closely over his fuse, hardly expecting the desired result. He bore the pains of the event most patiently, thinking only of the probability of being forbidden any farther experiments, but the lesson was left to work its own result of caution.
He and his brother built themselves a furnace of fire-brick in the cellar, where they also had a miniature laboratory, and with the aid of a pair of blacksmith’s bellows which they persuaded their father to buy for them, imitated as well as they could the labors of a neighbor- ing foundry, where they had spent most of their leisure time for several months.
Two successive professors of chemistry took great interest in Horace at this time, and allowed him to assist them in their experi- ments before the College classes. He had not then entered the Pre- paratory School of Antioch College, but he studied the same text- books that the classes used, and the Professors often wished the young men knew as much upon the subject as the boy. One of them, Dr. Henry Warrener, has since remarked, that at fourteen ‘‘ he was familiar with all the leading principles of chemistry, and that his knowledge was remarkable for its accuracy.”
He suffered, when he was sent to school (at twelve years of age), from want of quickness of speech and of mere verbal memory, and was sometimes removed for home study when undue pressure occurred,
ESSEX INST. BULLETIN. 6
42
or any want of perfection in the performance of lessons was distress- ing to him, and his nerves needed the ease and relief of unstimulated study.
When, at this age, Horace and his brothers were violently seized by the measles, to reconcile them to their confinement and to save their eyes their mother read to them, and among other books the narrative of Dr. Kane’s Arctic Expedition. This work was then excit- ing a perfect hero-worship in favor of its author. To the younger brothers the tale of danger and exposure came as a glorious romantic adventure, and in their childish emulation of Dr. Kane, chairs were turned into sledges, the floor into an ice-field, and they played alter- nately the parts of dogs and sailors. But to Horace, who usually entered with spirit into such dramatic play, it was the labor of sci- entific men for scientific truth, as well as the desperate effort of seekers for the long-lost, and subsequently a terrible struggle for life, home and happiness. So intense was his appreciation of the cost at which science and humanity were thus enriched that his _ brothers’ play seemed to him sacrilegious levity, and after enduring it in sorrowful silence for a time he said to his mother, ‘‘I wonder that you can let them do so,—I should as soon think of playing Jesus Christ!”
This remark was made in no lack of reverence. It was simply a measure of his sympathy with distress and self-sacrifice. He never lost his interest in this exploration, but followed it up through all subsequent narratives, and traced out the various attempts upon maps of his own drawing. It also inspired him with a strong desire to be. an explorer. :
Horace had been sent to visit some friends at the East, as a means of benefiting his health after a college year of rather too hard appli- cation, and was absent on the distressing occasion of his father’s last painful illness and death. When he returned to his mother she put herself and younger children, boy as he was, into his hands with the expression that he must now take care of them all. He accepted the duty with such convulsive energy of manner, that she afterwards regretted throwing such a acSponsibility upon him. He was never after the gay, happy boy, but prematurely a man in character and feeling.
When his friend, Dr. Warrener, came to Cambridge, in 1860, to study Zodlogy and Comparative Anatomy, Horace, who was then living in Concord, begged very hard to join him. When urged to defer it, he plead the possibility that Professors Agassiz and Wyman might not live till he left College, for which he was then prepar- ing, and finally, with the concurrence of his tutor, who said the boy’s mind was so intent upon his favorite pursuits that it might be best to indulge the strong tendency; for the moment the dull grammar
“
43
was closed, out poured the interesting items and enquiries about Chemistry and Zodlogy, which absorbed all his interest, and he was allowed to go. He thought he should be willing to return to Col- lege preparations, and his excessive labors in the Museum (for Prof. Agassiz was then arranging it, and his pupils worked with great enthusiasm to aid him) induced his mother to take him away at the end of the year, with the hopes of his doing so. He tried the Greek, with an interesting and able teacher, but his heart was not in it. After listening to all the arguments that could be adduced on the other side, to which he gave respectful considera- tion, in spite of his strong protest, he was allowed three months to deliberate, unmolested, between Harvard College, the Lawrence Scientific School, and West Point. Mr. R. W. Emerson, who took much kind interest in him, and who generally councils the College course, said, ‘“‘If the boy has a vocation thank God for it and let him follow his genius.” Mr. Thoreau, with whom he had become inti- mate on a journey to the West, told him ‘‘no teachers ever did him any good in College.” The result of the deliberation was what might have been expected, and he rejoicingly pursued the Scientific path. - In this decision he could have found many supporters among théyqnost advanced thinkers of the age.
His powers of observation became more keen than ever under the training, and he undoubtedly studied with some feverish anxiety, in order to justify his course. The field widened as he proceeded. It had been his taste and inclination, rather than any conscious process of reasoning, that had determined his course, but he grew more and more confident that he could study better alone, and with a purpose, than in classes, where the mastery of subjects was impossible, and with only a vague expectation of future good. His enthusiasm and exhaustive application became almost too intense for his bodily strength. He worked at Zoology in his leisure hours, in his own way, which was to reduce all animal life to its lowest terms—skeletons! And this’ gave him some out-of-door recreation.
He excelled in anatomical preparations, and a large collection of alcoholic specimens attest his industry; some hundreds of these finally found their way to the Cambridge Museum, and many of the reptiles he collected went abroad to other Museums. The Museum ditch at Cambridge was supplied by himself and brothers with turtles, frogs, snakes, etc. His mother, by whom these details are furnished, writes: ‘‘The reign of snakes was a reign of terror to the uninitiated, especially when on one occasion six or seven goodly sized ones escaped from the place of their confinement in the house and were not to be found for many days.” These details of early life serve to show that ‘‘the boy was father to the man.”
At
The course of study led him at last to Botany, to which he gave himself wholly at the time as was his wont with every scientific pur- ‘suit. Prof. Agassiz’s friendship and direction had enlisted his inter- ‘est in Zodlogy, as a science. Dr. Gray now extended the friendly hand. Soon discerning merit, the last named gentleman took him under his especial training. From this time —Eureka! the line of work was found. The success of the labor proves the justness of the. final decision. He learned to love the science, not only for itself but
for the great teacher.
It was by Dr. Gray’s advice that he visited the Hawaiian Islands, in company with Mr. Wm. T. Brigham. The expedition was not only fruitful to himself, but to his favorite science, for such it became, although he ever regarded it as but one limb-of that study of Geology which was to tear the secrets of time from the bosom of the earth.
Of this expedition let his companion, Mr. Brigham, tell.
‘““When Dr. Asa Gray was told I was soon to visit the Hawaiian Islands he asked me to collect the very peculiar flora of that group, and suggested the propriety of asking Horace Mann to accompany me. It was a short notice, but his friends advised him to go, and he joined me in California. From that time, for more than a year, we were con- stant companions, and many a long ride, many a weary walk did we share. For more than six months we kept house together in Hono- lulu, and from the first day to the last he was the same modest, retir- ing, hard-working, unselfish, conscientious man. Thoroughly alive to all the beauties and wonders of nature there surrounding him he often wrote home that he enjoyed every moment; and often, indeed, have I seen him in perfect ecstasy over the discovery of some new plant after a hard climb up some island precipice.”
‘‘As the result of our Hawaiian explorations, five new genera were added to the flora, one of which was dedicated to him under the name of HESPEROMANNIA, and has been engraved for the next part of our Memoirs (Boston Society of Natural History) while of new species of flowering plants no less than seventy-one, or more than eleven per cent. of the entire Phenogamous Hawaiian Flora were discovered. His published works, besides a number of reviews in the American Naturalist (one of which Was written a short time before his death), ' were:— On some Hawaiian Crania and Bones. —Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. x, p, 229. On the present condition of Kilauea and Mauna Loa.—Ibid, vol. x, p. 229. Denudation on the Hawaiian Islands. — Ibid, vol. x, p. 232. Revision of the Genus Schiedea and some of the Rtutacee.—Ibid, vol. x, p. 309. Description of the Crater of Halea- kala.— Ibid, vol. xi, p. 112. Enumeration of Hawaiian Plants. — Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sciences, vol. vii, p. 148. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands. — Proc. Essex Institute, vol. v. The last has not been com-
ee ee
45
pleted, and a number of other valuable and interesting memoirs remain unfinished.”
As among his publications, we will still add a Catalogue of the Phen- ogamous Plants of the United States, east of the Mississippi; and of the Vascular Cryptogamous Plants of North America, north of Mexico. This was published during the summer of 1868, and was a work much needed to facilitate exchanges among botanists.
During February, 1864, before leaving California for the Sandwich Islands, he and Mr. Brigham went together to Virginia City, in Nevada, and also to the Geysers, collecting such plants as came in the way, Horace collecting with much delight the splendid lichens of California.
Mr. Mann left the Hawaiian Islands for San Francisco, en route for Cambridge, May, 1865. He and Mr. Brigham had planned a voyage to Micronesia, but at the last moment the captain refused to allow them to trade with the natives for corals, to the extent that they desired, and the project fell through.
_ This expedition to the Hawaiian Islands proved of great advantage to his health. He had begun to loose ground by too intense applica- tion, but the constant life in the open air in a delicious climate, and*his perfect dietetic habits, reinstated him completely. To use his father’s words; ‘‘he always ate to the glory of God.” : ‘
With these facts before us we need hardly ask how one so young and so delicate by nature succeeded in accomplishing so much work and in doing it so well. It often happens that one element of charac- ter gives the key to all others and explains the result of a life-work. In the case of our departed friend this one element was thoroughness —a constant. seeking after the depths.
As a student he was accustomed to read and re-read the same book
or articles over and over again, until, when at last it was laid aside,
he was perfect master of it. Hence the accuracy of his knowledge. As an investigator his tenacity of purpose was equal f his desire to avoid errdr by crude observation or hasty generalization. This one feature was enough to have stamped him as no ordinary character; for in this age of fierce struggle for mental supremacy there are few who can resist the temptation to rush into print with at most, but the probability of being completely and absolutely right. This morbid desire for reputation tends rather to make its possessor notorious,
’ and inflicts on the world legions of scientific errors. No such charge
can be laid against the researches of Mr. Mann. He was scrupulously careful and painstaking in his observations.
This is, perhaps, the proper place to ask what order of mind did he evince? Was he one of those daring geniuses that come by intuition to great truths, and fling their opinions forth to the criticisms of the
46
world, with a defiant ‘‘I think thus and so,” but deign to offer no reason for what they feel assured will eventually be accepted; or was he less a genius, and more a logical reasoner, arriving at his own con- clusions only after patient investigation, and then always able to assign a reason for his belief? Personal friendship may in a measure disqualify the writer for passing judgment, but the latter of these two views is perhaps the more correct one. If he did dazzle us less fre- quently, there was, in a corresponding degree, a certainty that he would rarely lead us astray. Genius seldom improves much by age. Its first flight may be its loftiest. The philosophic mind grows, and comes, in time, to reach an elevation high as that gained by genius, perhaps, and does it by a method infinitely more sure. His capacity for development was large, and his efforts to reach the fullest growth unceasing, hence it is but fair to register the belief that the highest botanical interests of the country would never have suffered in his hands. All advances made were substantial and likely to need but little subsequent change or qualification.
It is the testimony of those who saw most of him in his latter days that they were often surprised by his knowledge of topics which came more directly into their paths of study than his own. As the bodily frame wore out the expansion of his mind became more rapid, and his ideas clearer; the very expression of his face was noted as more brilliant than ever before. His plans of future study were laid out upon a broader scale than ever, comprising more historical re- search, for which he had a growing taste, and more metaphysical read- ing.
In reference to these latter pursuits he realized anew the loss he had sustained in his father, who would have taken such a profound interest in the farther unfolding of the mind to which he had first in- troduced the wonders and glories of the universe.
Mr. Mann’s intimate friends were chiefly persons older than himself. One of these, who has taken much interest in his botanical pur- suits, and has given him many facilities of research, remarked of him, that ‘he was singularly impersonal—that he never seemed to think of Horace Mann.” Inde®d his modesty was such that he probably did not estimate himself at anything approaching his own value. His eye was ever on the standard that receded before him, and he never measured himself by results achieved.
Sincerity was naturally another trait of such a character. It often expressed itself bluntly, when in opposition to what he felt to be a want of it.
In his impatience at the inaccurate statements so often made by idle talkers, he was once heard to wish that no one could ever speak unless they had something to communicate which they knew perfectly and
47
could swear to. It was suggested that society would be rather dull in the present state of knowledge; but he still preferred the silence to the conjecture. When asked a question himself, he invariably said **T don’t know,” unless he had either examined the subject himself or felt unquestionable reliance upon the authority he quoted. He was, therefore, far from loquacious, but once launched upon a subject that he understood he was a most agreeable and entertaining companion.
We should not convey an accurate impression of the balance of his character without recording that with all his gravity he had a keen sense of the ludicrous, and no one enjoyed true wit with a greater relish. It would elicit a smile in his weariest hours, and a well executed caricature would throw him into convulsions of laughter. He was also keenly susceptible to music, and a good judge of it. He once made some proficiency upon the piano, but it required too much time out of his busy life to be followed up to the degree of perfec- tion that alone would have satisfied him.
In 1867, after several years of study in botany, he received from Harvard University his degree of Bachelor of Science. The examina-
tion was no mere form, but was thorough and searching; and rest¥ed
in a high grade being specified on his diploma.
The gentlemen present, and conducting the examination, were Dr. Torrey of New York, Profs. Gray and Agassiz of Cambridge —a fit trio - to welcome to the field of authorized, original investigation, one who had already given so many promises of future distinction. May they long live to regret the untimely fate of our late friend; to direct others in his path; and to farther enrich the science they have so well loved.
We are nof left to guess at the estimate placed upon him by com- petent judges. He was appointed, in the spring of 1868, to deliver a course of lectures in the rooms of the Boston Society of Natural History. This privilege was accorded only to decided merit, and although it was his first public attempt he evidently spoke out of amine; for all his lectures but the first were extempore. Dr. Gray left him in charge of his herbarium, of the botanic garden, and of his‘ College classes, and started for a prolonged trip to Europe, doubtless feeling assured that nothing would go wrong during his absence. He might well have wished that when the time came for his résigning the
. chair to a younger person, Mr. Mann would succeed him. He could
not have found a successor more worthy, but let us hope that the need will long be postponed.
Excessive labor at length told seriously on his delicate constitution. Nothing could make him swerve from his allegiance to his friend and preceptor, Dr. Gray. And in anxiety to aid the latter in prepar- ing for his protracted visit to Europe he concealed how weak and
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worn out he was. His last letter to Dr. Gray was the first expression he had made to any one of the bitter disappointment with which he surrendered all the responsibilities he had assumed, and the fine pros- pects before him. His letter was full of devotion to the duties of the college and to science, which even the nervous irritability and inex- pressible agony of body could not make him forget. He gave an intimation of this distress to his physician at that time, when he said ‘¢you can have no idea what self-control I exercise.” And indeed he never for a moment forgot the claims of others. His delicacy of organization found no indulgence with himself. He was always ready to bear his part of care or toil, and never spared himself till, in the very last weeks, when every sensation was a pain, he one day gently requested that, unless it was necessary to consult him, he might not hear of anything painful or even inconvenient.
The college duties were only given up when assured by the authori- ties that his inability to conduct them longer should make no change in the furlough of Dr. Gray. This respite from labor, under good medical treatment, brought a temporary change for the better. Hope revived but only to be dashed to the ground. An unfortunate expo- sure to cold caused indirectly a return of the hemorrhage, from which he never rallied. The nervous symptoms from which he had long suffered were intensified in proportion as he sank. Debility brought accelerated motion of the heart, and loss of lung tissue caused shortness of breath. Sleep never came now but after the use of sedatives or hypnotics; except on the last day, when he remarked that he thought he could sleep. Pain then left him, and in the calm immediately preceding his death he expressed a sense of great relief. This was the final ray of light and hope that broke through the clouds of his sunset* a fitful gleam, just one, to illumine the flight to higher fields of study. Quietly and unexpectedly he had gone—before even the watching friends were conscious of a struggle. He died Novem- ber the eleventh, 1868, '
The post-mortem examination revealed the unexpected fact that one lung was entirely gone, and that disease had made sad inroads on the other. Had any vicious #abits been engrafted upon his life he must have succumbed long before he did. The conditions of existence to him were virtue and strict temperance in all things; and he gave his body the full benefit of a rigid morality.
He was transparent in his goodness, genuine in his friendship, and ~ useful in his short day! Should we not rather be grateful that he was given at all than repine that he was taken so soon? For one who needed little chastening a score of years was a long confinement to earth. What had his past given us reason to hope for had his life been spared? Rather, what in the way of true nobility and good sci-'
4
vw
49
entific fruits, to be earned by honest devotion to study, did it not give us reason to expect? The question suggests its own answer. Cer- tainly he would have done much towards encouraging scientific pur- suits in the rising generation, and in gaining for American Botanical investigation a more general acknowledgment abroad. Already a host of our young Naturalists are forcing the admiration of other nations, and among the foremost of that host was Horace Mann. As a writer he was clear and concise; points of the utmost importance to a scien- tist.
When Mr. Mann’s death was announced to the Essex Institute, that ; body at once passed the following resolutions : ¢
“‘ Resolved, That the members of the Essex Institute most deeply sympathize with the family and friends of their late associate, Horace Mann, whose sudden death not only casts a deep sorrow on the hearts of those near and dear to him, but also into the scientific bodies with which he was connected’; and deprives his loved science of Botany of one of its most devoted and conscientious investigators, and of one, who, had he been permitted, would from his purity and depth of thought, undoubtedly make one of the leading botanists of his gener- ation.
Resolved, That Dr. A. S. Packard* be requested to prepare a memoir
of Mr. Horace Mann, to be published in the ‘“ Proceedings of the EsSex
Institute.” :
Resolved, That the Secretary be requested to transmit a copy of these resolutions to the family of our late associate, and to tender to . them. our condolence and sympathy in this bereavement.”
These resolutions were accompanied with eloquent and touching recitals of the services Mr. Mann had rendered the Natural Sciences, and with mention of his rare and promising talents, by the President, Dr. Wheatland, Mr. F. W. Putnam, Mr. Alpheus Hyatt, Dr. G. B. Loring and others.
For years he had been Curator of the botanical department of the Boston Society of Natural History, and in the discharge of his duty there, it is needless to say, he left a good reputation. It has already: been said,that ‘‘his advice in the council was always Sensible.” The evening of the day on which he died, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences elected him a member by an unanimous vote. There can be no doubt but that this tribute to his moral worth and scientific attainments would have been grateful to him: It came too late. He had already passed to a sphere where it is pleasant to thimk he will be
. no more interrupted in his contemplation of Creator and creation.
Is anything lacking in the son’s character to make us feel that he did not realize the father’s ideal, so forcibly expressed in many of his written words? As for instance; in speaking of the choice of a life- work by a high-toned man.
*This sketch was prepared by another fellow student, at his own earnest re- quest.
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In selecting his vocation for a livelihood he abjures every occupa- tion, and every profession, however lucrative they may be, or how- ever honorable they may be falsely deemed, if, with his own weal, they do not also promote the common weal; and he views the idea with a deep religious abhorence, that anything can advance the well-being of himself which involves the ill-being of others. However meagre his stock in trade, if he engages in business he will not seek to enlarge it by entering Conscience and Honor in his books, under the head of Merchandise.”
Again, ‘‘seek frivolous and elusive pleasures if you will; expand your immortal energies upon ignoble and fallacious joys; but know their end is intellectual imbecility, and the perishing of every good that can ennoble or emparadise the heart! Obey if you will, the law of the baser passions—appetite, pride, selfishness —but know, they will scourge you into realms where the air is hot with fiery-tongued scorpions, that will sting and torment your: soul into unutterable agonies! But study and obey the sublime laws on which the frame of nature was constructed; study and obey the sublimer laws on which the soul of man was formed, and the fulness of the power and the wisdom and the blessedness with which God has filled and lighted up this resplendent universe, shall all be yours.” ,
Over all our hopes and affection for our friend the grave has now closed, leaving us only the ever-growing sense of what we have lost in his removal. It is sad thus to miss the familiar face and the friendly grasp, but to mitigate that sadness we have the knowledge that no long life ever comprised more joy in the universe than his short one; that none but the purest motives actuated his conduct in life; that no unjust act ever dishonored his own or his father’s fair name. It is surely no disparagement to the young botanists who re- main to say that among them there is not one who, in all respects, can fill the vacancy thus created. Science and humanity have both lost in his death, but the future is full of happiness for him who so lived and labored, loving and trusting God and man.
<>$#* P
ORDER OF MEETINGS.
Regular semimonthly meeting, March 1st. President in the chair. The Records were read and the recent Correspondence and Donations announced.
Mr. F. W. Putnam exhibited a cap presented by Mr. W. N. Eaton, wrought by the natives of Aspinwall, California, from the leaf of the palm tree; also some shells (Leda, Cardium and Pecten) taken from the stomachs of Flounders. Mr. Putnam stated that we are obliged to .
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look to these animals for some species of shells which live at too great a depth to be often otherwise secured.
Mr. W. P. Upham read a paper giving a description of the original house-lots in the central part of Salem, and the names of their first occupants, so far as known. This paper is commenced on the first page of the present number. :
Mr. Geo. D. Phippen followed and gave a graphic description of that early period in our history, particularly of the arrival of Endicott, Higginson and: Winthrop, which occurred in the summer time. The pleasing impressions that the country gave them as they ap- proached the land, are recorded by them with much enthusiasm. They write of ‘‘the gay woods and trees” that skirted the shores, covered the islands, and filled the air with a delicious aroma peculiarly grateful to the weary voyagers, and of the satisfaction they exper- ienced when, upon landing, they first plucked the small fruits and numerous flowers that decked the ‘‘hills and dales” of Naumkeag.
Mr. P. took occasion also to speak in the highest terms of the zeal and abundantly rewarded investigations of Mr. Upham, which had re- moved, he thought, all doubt as to the first location of the Old Plant- ers; and he was glad of the opportunity to adopt the views of Mr. Upham, that the Old Planters ‘occupied that portion of our territory which has ever remained the nucleus and central body of the town. By reference to an article entitled the ‘‘Old Planters of Salem, which — appeared in vol. 1, of ‘* The Historical Collections of the Essex Insti- tute,” although that article for the most part agreed with others in locating the Old Planters at the peninsula lying between the North River and Collins Cove, which is known as the ‘‘ Old Planters Marsh,” yet at the 15th line of page 103, and in the concluding paragraphs of page 197, it would appear that he himself had hinted that it was highly probable that some future investigator would be rewarded by securing such proofs as Mr. Upham had adduced. ‘‘The Old Planters Marsh,” though owned and appropriated by them, it now seems, furnishes no evidence that they ever built thereon. The absence of cottages there, in the record of the Cottage Rights to the public lands, forbids that assumption. For strong statements in favor of the Collins Cove’ locality, see Rantoul in vol. vii, 3d ser., p. 254, of the Massachusetts Historical Collections ; and Bentley in vol. 5, Ist ser., p. 218.
Mr. James Kimball made some interesting statements which he had ‘ gleaned from the perusal of the old records in the Court house.
Mr. Upham spoke of a recent visit to the rooms of the American Antiquarian Society at Worcester, and gave an account of some of the old Curwen and Bentley papers that are deposited in the library of that Institution. Many of them are very interesting, and from a careful examination, valuable materials for our history might be gleaned.
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Mr. U. alluded with very strong expressions of gratitude to Mr. S. F. Haven, the accomplished and learned librarian, and his assistant, Mr. E. M. Barton, for their kind and polite attentions in furnishing every facility for the prosecution of his investigations. Several other mem- bers of the Institute have previously had occasion to consult the manuscripts and other documents in that library and have always experienced the same politeness and urbanity.
Lemuel B. Hatch was elected a resident member.
Adjourned.
Regular semimonthly meeting, March 15th. President in the chair. Mr. F. W. Putnam was appointed Secretary pro tem. The reading of the Records was dispensed with. The recent Correspondence and Donations were announced. ;
The President read a communication concerning Fire Clubs that have been organized in Salem since 1744. Vide next number.
Judge Waters followed and mentioned several reminiscences of the olden times in relation to this subject, and presented the records of the Relief Fire Club, which was associated June 24, 1803, and was dissolved Sept. 14, 1860, when it was voted that the balance of the funds, after paying the debts, be given to the Seaman’s Widow and Orphan Association of Salem. This club included many of our leading citizens among its members.
An interesting letter was read from the late Judge Story, resigning his membership on his removal to Cambridge to enter upon the duties of Professor in the Dane Law School.
Mr. F. W. Putnam exhibited some specimens of Fossils from the Postpliocene of Ashley River, near Charleston, S.C. This deposit has recently attracted the notice of agriculturists and others from its immense beds of superphosphates, large quantities of which have been shipped for its fertilizing properties.
These specimens consist of vertebrae and ribs of Manatus; also several large sharks’ teeth, probably of the genus Carcharias, and smaller specimens of the teeth of a species of Lamna.
The Institute is indebted to Mr. Wm. R. Cloutman, through whose kindness these specimens have been added to the Museum.
Mr. A. C. Goodell presented from Mr. S. P. Watson, a collection of minerals from Grafton, N. H.
The first number of the ‘‘ Memoirs of the Peabody Academy of Sci- ence,” which had been presented to the Institute, was exhibited by | Mr. F. W. Putnam.
A general discussion on printing ensued, participated in by Messrs. Hyatt, Waters, Goodell and Putnam.
Elizabeth Wheatland was elected a resident member.
Adjourned.
fo
BULLETIN
_ OF THE
AS eS Ee ety) de IN fee eee bd: ie
Vou. I, Satem, Mass., Aprit, 1869. RING A One Dollar a Year in Advance, 10 Cents a Single Copy.
FIRST HOUSES IN SALEM. ‘v
—
BY W. P. UPHAM.
[Continued from page 41.]
Souts of Norman street, and east of Summer street, was a house and nine acres of land, bounded east on the South River, conveyed in 1651, by Thos. Ruck to John Ruck, afterwards known as Ruck’s Village. After the Mills on the South River were built in 1664, an extensive business, connected with shipbuilding, grew up in the neighborhood » of Creek*street, then a cove called Sweet’s Cove, from John Sweet, who was the original owner and occupant of , the lot next north of the cove. South of Sweet’s Cove, and forming the southern portion of the nine acres above mentioned, was a lot of four acres which had belonged to Rev. Samuel Skelton, and was laid out to him in 1630. Next south of this, and extending along the South River (now the Mill Pond) to land of Wm. Hathorne, which was west of where Hathorne street is now, was the “Broadfield,” originally owned by Governor Endicott,
ESSEX INST. BULLETIN. q*
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and by him conveyed to Emanuel Downing, who sold it to John Pickering.
What is now Broad street, together with the ground south of it, which has been used as a cemetery since May 17, 1655, was called the Town Common, and for the first few years, before the Town Bridge in Boston street was built, appears to have been the only means of exit from the town. A broad road thus led from Summer street to the Town Pasture, then common land, and there branched out in one direction round the west side of the ~ South River, to Marblehead, and in the other passing near where the house of Mr. Horace Ware is, and around the west side of Norman’s Rocks, and coming out on Boston street, above where the town bridge was afterwards built (which was where the Engine House stands, near Goodhue street), thus avoiding the creek, which was then quite large, but has since almost wholly disappeared. Persons now living can remember when the low land to the north of Norman’s Rocks was filled with water at high tide, and a very considerable stream ran under the town bridge. Goodhue street is, perhaps, a remnant of this old way, and the part of it on the other side of Boston street can still be traced.
West of the Broadfield was a farm of sixty acres owned by Wm. Hathorne, and after his decease by his son John Hathorne, which bouyded north and west on the highway, now Broad street, West and south-west on the way lead- ing to Marblehead, south on the Castle Hill farm, after- wards owned by Benj. Lynde, and east on the South River, now the Mill Pond, and on the Broadfield. On- part of this farm was a little brook called Frost Fish Brook, described in the record as “coming forth betweene the twoe hills,” on the east of which lived Richard Wa- _ ters, gunsmith, as early as 1636, and near it was a.
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» house-lot granted to John Abby, Jan. 2, 1637.* It appears by the Commoners Records that there were three houses on this farm before the year 1661, and that Wm. Hathorne’s house was still standing in 1714, being then owned by his son Col. John Hathorne. ~
“Brick-kiln lane” led south from the western end of Essex street to the northerly gate of the Town Pasture ; and west of it extending to Norman’s Rocks was the “brick-kiln field,” about six acres, conveyed by the heirs of Thomas Trusler, in 1656, to Wm. Flint. Richard Nor- man, who probably gave the name to Norman’s Rocks, lived on the southern part of it, and John Barber on the northern part of it, before 1661. This was, perhaps, the same brick-kiln mentioned by Francis Higginson in 1629. We find it referred to frequently in the early records.
The northern part of Brick-kiln lane is now merged in the Turnpike ; the southern part still remains leading © from. the western end of Warren street to the Pasture Gate. On the east side of this lane, bounding south by Broad street and east by Flint street, was the homestead of Richard Adams, conveyed by him to Lieut. John Pickering in 1679, and described as containing four or five acres, “being at the western end of the town over against Maj. Hathorne’s: and is bounded with the street . southerly, and a lane or street easterly, and a highway, or common land partly, westerly, and the land formerly of Wm. Flint, now the land of Edward and Thomas— Flint, northerly.” In 1646 the agents of Townsend Bishop conveyed to Richard Adams “one ould house ‘with one acre of land within the common field, and about an acre and an half of land next to the common inclosed by itself.” They also at the same time conveyed to Ralph Fogg “the new messuage or dwelling house of
*See Town Record, Jan. 2, 1636-7, and April 23, 1688. T**
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the said Mr. Townsend Bishop standing -by the Rocks near Capt. Hathorne’s house in Salem.” It seems prob- able that Richard Adams came into possession of the lat- ter house also, though we cannot find any deed of it; and, from the description, we think that it may have been the same as that which was recently burned and taken down on the north-west side of the upper end of Broad street. When this house was taken down it was found to be lined with brick between the wall and plastering, and to bear other marks of great age. This estate was divided in 1694 between Benjamin and William, sons of John Pickering, Benjamin taking the western part of the house and land, and William the eastern part. In the Com- moners Record is entered for Benjamin Pickering “a cot- tage right near the Brick-kiln on Adams’ land.” This was probably for the “ould house” of Townsend Bishop mentioned above. William Pickering also has two rights entered for “ Adams’ house.”
On the east side of Flint street, was the homestead of Wm. Flint, which consisted of one acre, bounded north by land of John: Reeves, east on Cotta’s lot, so called, and south on Broad street, and was bought by him of Thomas James, by deed recorded in 1652. After the death of Wm. Flint it was owned and occupied by his son Thomas Flint. Next east was “Cotta’s lot,” about five acres, extending from Broad street to Essex street, and owned before 1664, by Thomas Spooner, whose widow, Elizabeth, left it to her son-in-law, John Ruck. John Ruck conveyed half of it to Benjamin Gerrish, in 1681, and the other half to Thomas Maule, in 1687. | Gerrish conveyed his part to Maule, in 1683. On the north-western corner of the lot, near where the Rey. Dr. Emerson now lives, was built the first Quaker meeting- house, the land being given by Thomas Maule for that.
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purpose. The name Cotta’s lot, originated from Robert Cotta, who was the first owner. There were two houses on it-before 1661. Next east was a lot of three acres, which Michael Shaflin conveyed,-in 1684, to Robert Kitchen “as the son and heir of John Kitchen” in consideration of “£15 by me received of John Kitchen in the year 1638.” - John Kitchen had been in possession of this lot for many years, probably from the year 1638, and lived on it at one time, but afterwards removed to the other side of Essex street, where he built the house that was taken down about twenty years ago, on the western cor- ner of Beckford street. March 6, 1654, the town granted to John Kitchen sufficient land “to make a sellar neare unto goodman Trusler’s fence over against the house of the said John Kitchen.”.,Thomas Trusler’s homestead»yas on the opposite side of Essex street, and was afterwards owned by Thomas Robbins, who in 1679 conveyed to Robert Kitchen, as son and heir of John Kitchen, a quarter of an acre, bounded east by Beckford street, and south by Essex street. This, as well as the deed by Michael Shaflin, was undoubtedly to supply the loss or want of a‘previous deed to John Kitchen.
[Zo be Continued.]
~ —>>_>—
LESLIE’S EXPEDITION TO SALEM, 1775. \ The following communication from Mrs. Sparks, is a
valuable and interesting contribution to this portion of _ our local history.
[Copied by Jared Sparks, in the Public Offices of London, 1828. | Boston, March 4, 1776. Gace to Dartmoutru. —“I have the honor to transmit to your Lordship a paper of intelligence of the machina-
ESSEX INST. BULLETIN. 8
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tions and projects of this people. The authority should be good, but I must wait till some more favorable oppor- tunity to inform you whence I derived this intelligence.”
“The circumstance of the eight pieces at Salem led us into a mistake, for supposing them to be brass guns brought from Holland, or some of the foreign isles, which report had also given reasons to suspect, a detach- ment of four hundred men, under Lieut. Col. Leslie, was sent privately off by water to seize them. The places they were said to be concealed in were strictly searched, but no artillery could be found, and we have since dis- covered that there had been only some old ship’s guns, which had been carried away from Salem some time ago. The people assembled in great numbers, with threats and abuse, but the Colonel pursued his orders and returned to Marblehead, where he had first disembarked his detach- ment.”
(J.S.) The intelligence alluded to above was procured by some spy in the employment of Gen. Gage. From the nature of his communications it is quite certain, also, that the same person was a member of the Provincial Con- gress. He gives a very minute account of the secret pro- ceedings of the Congress, and even the doings of the com- mittees appointed for specific objects, such as procuring army ammunitions, and other stores. In short he details particulars of the correspondence between some members of the Congress, and "Dr. Franklin and Arthur Lee, in England. This intelligence was sent to Gen. Gage, from time to time, and was forwarded by him to the minister, and it is now on the files. It would seem impossible that — any person, who was not a member of Congress, could have procured the facts contained in his communications.
“There are eight field pieces in an old store or barn near the landing place at Salem; they are to be removed
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in a few days; the seizing of these would greatly discon- cert their schemes.”
This proved erroneous. Gen. Gage expected to find some cannon, which he believed had been imported from Holland. Sir Joseph Yorke, the British minister in Hol- land, had written a letter to his government indicating his suspicions that arms were shipped from that country to America. A copy of this letter had been forwarded to Gen. Gage, who from other causes entertained similar suspicions. Indeed, after receiving the copy of Sir Joseph York’s letter, cruisers were sent out to watch for a Rhode Island vessel returning from Holland, which it was supposed had arms on board.
—————S . »
NOTICE OF A SINGULAR ERRATIC IN LYN N, MASS., KNOWN BY THE NAME OF “ PHAETON ROCK.”
BY C. M. TRACY.
A prominent object among the operations of the Ex- ploring Circle of Lynn has always been the investigation of the phenomena of the local drift, particularly as exemplified in the numerous erratic rocks and boulders with which this region so abounds. In an exploration of this kind, Mr. Jos. M. Rowell, Geological Member of the Circle, was so fortunate as to discover, in the northeasterly part of the township, the very remarkable block which makes the subject of this article. “It lies on ' the southerly slope of a ridge which forms a kind of out- lier on the southwest side of the fine eminence known as “Orne’s” or “Prospect” Hill, in the adjoining town of Peabody. The neighborhood is singularly full of loose rocks; blocks of many tons in weight are to be seen in
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almost any direction, many of them perched on the top of high, precipitous ledges, in positions apparently the most insecure, or again, scattered over the barren slopes in such numbers as almost to prevent the carrying away of the meagre growth of pine, which is almost all these hills afford of vegetation. But unless I greatly err, the geologist and the casual stroller will be alike apt to forget all they have seen of this kind in the vicinity, when stand- ing for the first time beside this most unique and wonder- ful memorial of the glacial age.
Its position, topographically, is about one fourth of a mile from the northwesterly shore of “Brown’s Pond,” and from ten to twenty rods, as is understood, from the boundary line between Lynn and Peabody here indicated by a stone-wall. Approached from the north-east it offers such an appearance, that with a little help, of a very pardonable imagination, Mr. Rowell easily likened it to an antique chariot, perhaps that of Sol himself; and by a natural transition of ideas, gave it the name of “Phaeton Rock,” by which it is called in his paper de- scribing it, filed in the Registry of the Circle, June 20, 1856. On the western side, however, a different view is afforded, and it looks more like a piece of mammoth artillery.
Those who, not having visited the place, desire more full ideas of its aspect, must imagine a solid precipice of sienite, from ten to fifteen feet high on its almost vertical face, fronting the south, and nearly flat on the top. A given space upon this flat top is tolerably level, the side toward the west being a few inches higher; and on this . space are arranged four sub-globular stones, three in almost a straight line along the higher western side, and about two feet apart. ‘These are almost alike in size, be- ing about eighteen inches in diameter. A fourth stone, |
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two feet or rather more in diameter, lies three or four feet eastward of these three, nearly opposite the southernmost one. All these stones have enough of irregularity to pre- vent rolling, though no long axes can be specially noted in either of them. The different magnitudes are so well accommodated to the gentle slope of the underlying rock that the tops of all come very nearly to one level; and the whole system approaches the edge of the precipice within some two or three feet. They are all of light gray sienite, much like the ledge.
Balanced, with the utmost delicacy, on these four sup- porters lies a great block of sienite also, of a shape like half a pear. The under side, very straight and flat, sits truly on the stones below it; and the whole length of the mass being some fifteen, feet, the narrower and thinner end, which points southward, projects forward ove the edge of the precipice some jive or six feet. ‘The mean vertical thickness of the block is not far from seven feet, but the irregular convexity of the top makes this thick- ness very variable. The eastern edge is throughout quite thin, comparatively, the western is thick and the centre of gravity is evidently well towards this side. Yet so per- fectly is everything disposed that the stability of the whole seems fully secured, and it would no doubt require a great force to disturb it, or throw it down the steep over which it so daringly reposes. The whole horizontal girth of the great block is forty feet, and a very careful esti- mate made by the Circle places its weight at thirty-six tons. And so playfully does it seem poised upon its ‘ pebble-like bases that one can hardly help a first thought, that here has been a piece of huge but idle labor of man —a work like Stonehenge or the Dwarfie Stone of Hoy — and yet such a notion vanishes straightway on a closer examination. There are no vestiges here of any ancient
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builders, no Druids nor Skalds, piling rocks like these, with engineering fit to baffle a Brunel. This is all pure nature. This massive block was doubtless left resting here on its four certain props at the same time, whenever that may have been, when its brother blocks were torn from their parent beds and tossed at random in a thousand spots, as we see them all around. And since that tre- mendous period, it may have been before the human era, this block has lain secure and strong, on a foundation that looks as if it might yield to the first tempest.
The geological records of the world are nowise poor in rocking stones and remarkable boulders. The mother country has many very curious ones. The Buckstone in Gloucestershire, and the Cheese Ring in Cornwall, are familiar to all tourists through England. Likewise, Hitchcock has told us of notable instances in our own state; a double one in Barre, another, vaster still, in Taunton, and others nearer home. But Phaeton Rock is something different from all these, something perfectly unique and instructive. It is as though Nature—in the midst of all that prodigious process, by which huge masses were hurled hither and thither with Titanic force, and granite and porphyry were ground down to clay and sand—had paused to play, in childlike simplicity, with these five stones, piling them as an infant’s block-house, and leaving them to make us wonder, ages after, at the grand stability and.werfection of the rare toy she had constructed. .
In Sithney Parish, Cornwall, lay once the celebrated “Logan Stone.” Says an old writer, “it was so nicely - poised on another stone that a little child could move it, and all travellers who passed this way desired to see it. But Shrubsall, Cromwell’s Governor of Pendenis, with much ado caused it to be undermined, to the great
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grief of the country.” Lewis, in his history of Lynn, records several such instances of wanton destruction of these things. Certainly, then, we can hardly hope for much longer safety for this so tempting a trap for idle folly, save in the hands of some known protector of these aids to knowledge.
It is hardly necessary to attempt here any speculations as to the process by which this stone came to be where it now is. Indeed, this is an inquiry more pertinent for the geological professor than for the mere topographer. Yet there are considerations of a purely mechanical sort that will not fail to arise in the mind of any reflecting person, when contemplating such a work of nature; and really the dynamics of the drift period seem throughout to lean more to the mechanical, than the chemical side. li, is hardly possible to suppose Phaeton Rock to have been ever moved more than once—ever raised from its first: landing-place, while the smaller stones were driven under it—but we must, I think, conclude that all were borne along together with an unmeasured bulk of other like material, till in the slackened velocity of the current, the heavy block settled through the silt and gravel, catching its four inferiors just when and where we see them, while the lighter stuff passed on, and is now covering the south- easterndedges. But this alone will not, probably, account for a tithe of the phenomena to be seen in the connection. The questions of distribution, longer or shorter transit, duplicate and cross currents, and a dozen others, come. in to complicate and confuse, till the study of the drift rises ' to the grade of a first-class problem in science. It be- comes me to leave the inquiry here, with the reiterated wish, that this monument, more rarely designed and sculptured than the Obelisks of Luxor, or the chiselled Stone of Sweno, might be made a choice specimen in the
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well-guarded cabinet of Old Essex, long: kept to tell its ancient story to the humbly inquiring mind that comes seeking to know more and more of the History and Mys- tery of the Earth.
—<=*>
ORDER OF MEETINGS.
Regular meeting held April 5th, the President in the chair.
The record of the last meeting was read. Donations to Cabinet and to the Library, and the recent correspondence were announced.
The President read a letter from Mrs. Jaged Sparks of Cambridge, containing a copy of a letter found by Mr. Sparks at England, which revealed the information which led to the expedition of Col. Leslie to capture cannon at the North Bridge in 1775 (vide page 57).
Hon. Charles W. Upham delivered an eloquent and instructive address on the Colonial Records of Massachusetts under the first charter. At its conclusion Judge Joseph G. Waters enthusiastically commended the sentiments embodied in the lecture, especially noti- cing the Orator’s defence of the New England Fathers against the - ridicule to which they had been subjected for their use of the Old Testament Scriptures as authority in their political government.
Mr. Waters offered the following resolution : —
That the thanks of the Institute be presented to Mr. Upham for his very beautiful and instructive lecture.
This was unanimously adopted. This lecture was recently deliv- ered before the Lowell Institute of Boston, and may now be found among their publications.
The following persons were elected resident members: Walter K. Bigelow, George A. Fisher, George W. Peirson, George O. Harris, James Harris, all of Salem. Adjourned.
Regular meeting held April 19th, the President in the chair.
Owing to the absence of the Secretary the reading of the records was dispensed with. The gecent correspondence and donations to the Cabinets and the Library were announced.
Hon. Charles W. Upham delivered a lecture upon the life and char- acter of Daniel P. King, of Danvers, which was listened to with great interest and delight.
The following resolve was passed :—
Resolved, That the thanks of the Institute be given to Mr. Upham for his address, and that he be requested to furnish the Committee on Publication a copy for publication in the Historical Collections of this Society.
Adjourned.
65
LETTERS ANNOUNCED. (March and April.) .
Adair, D. L., Hawesville, Ky., Jan. 29; Allen, G. N., Oberlin, June 10; Appleton & Co., New York, Feb. 16; Basel, Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Oct. 30, Nov. 11; Bergen, Norway, the Museum, Oct. 10; Boardman, S. L., Augusta, Me., Mch. 27; Boston Public Library, Mch. 1, 23, 25, Ap.2; Buck, Stewart M., Van Buren Fur- nace, Va., Ap, 12; Buffalo Historical Society, Mch. 23; Challen, Howard, Phila- delphia, Feb. —, Mch. 1, Ap. 1; Chicago Academy of Science, Ap. 5; Christiania L’Universite Royale de Norvege, Nov. —; Cloutman, W. R., Charleston, S. C., Feb. 18; Cook, Henry, Boston, Mch. 23; Conant, W. P., Dalkoff, St. Charles Co., Mo., Ap. 6; Connecticut Historical Society, Ap. 5; Cope, Edward D., Philadelphia, Penn., Feb. 22, Mch. 6; Dall, Wm. H., Washington, D. C., Feb. 12; Dartmouth Col- lege, Trustees of, Hanover, N. H., Mch. 26; Davenport, M. G., Chester, Penn., Mch. 5; Dawson, Henry B., Morrisania, N. Y., Mch. 24, Ap. 1, 12; Dyer, John F., Provi- dence, R. I., Feb. 20; Dresden, Neue Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, Nov. 4; Edinburgh Royal Society, Dec. 19; Freiburg, Die Gesellschaft fiir Beforderung der Natur- wissenschaften, Oct. 20; Geneve, Institute National Genevois, Nov. 14; Gilman, Henry, Detroit, Feb. 28; Goldthwaite & Day, Salem, Feb. 17; Hoy, P. R., Racine, Mch. 1; Hanaford, Mrs. P. A., Reading, Mch. —; Harris, George O., Salem, Ap. 17; Harvard College, Corporation of, Mch. 19; Holbrook, M. L., New York, Reb. 11; Howard, J. J., London, Eng., Feb. 15; Howell, Robert, Nichols, Tioga*Co., N. Y., Mch. 16; Iowa State Historical Society, Feb; 11; Jillson, 8.,.Hudson, Feb. - 22; King, D. Webster, Boston, Ap. 17, Mch. 1; Langworthy, I. P., Boston; Mch.1, 4; Laws, John W., Portsmouth, N. H., Feb. 19, Ap. 15; Lewis, E. A., Batavia, N. Y., | Mch. 26; Lincoln, Solomon, Boston, Ap. 3,9; Lincecum, George W., Long Point, Texas, Oct. 18; London, Anthropological Society, Jan. 20; Loring, George B., Salem, Feb. 25; Maine Historical Society, Mch. 23; Mann, Mary, Cambridge, Feb. 24, Mch. 16, 18, Ap. 4, 14; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Mch. 23; Mary- land Historical Society, Ap. 7; Miller, James, New York, Feb. 18, 19; Minot, C. S., Boston, Feb. 15; Minnesota, Historical Society, Ap.7; Moravian Historical Society, Nazareth, Penn., Ap. 1; Nauman, Charles F., Lancaster, Feb. 23; New England Historic-Genealogical Society, Boston, Mch. 22; New Jersey State Geological Sur- vey, New Brunswick, N. J., Mch. 23; New York Lyceum of Natural History, Mch. 22, Ap. 12; New York State Library, Jan. 23; Nichols & Noyes, Bosten, Mch. 22; Noyes, Edward A., Portland, Me., Feb. 27, 29; Peabody, George, London, Dec. —; Peabody, Jehn P., Salem, Mch. 1; Pennsylvania Historical Society, Ap. 10, 16; Poole, Herman, Ithaca, Mch, 4, 27; Portland Society of Natural History, Mch. 22, Ap. 1; Reshore, F. H., Dowagani, Mich., Mch. 6; Robinson, John, Salem, Ap. 19;, Ropes, John C., Boston, Mch. 22; Rothrock, J. T., McVeytown, Pa., Mch. 16; Sever & Co., Boston, Feb. 11; Smith, W. A., Worcester, Mch. 22; Smithsonian Institu- tion, Washington, D. C., Dec. 2, Feb. 11; Spofford, Jeremiah, Groveland, Feb. 15; Stearns, W. A., Amherst, Feb. 17; Steiger, E., New York, Feb. 10; Stone, E. M., . Providence, R. f., Feb. 13; Strecker, Herman, Reading, Pa., Jan. 19; U. S. Depart- ment of Education, Washington, Mch. 12; U. 8. Surgeon General’s Office, Mch. 30; U. S. Department of the Interior, Mch. 18, 19; Verrill, A. E., New Haven, Conn., Feb. 23; Ward, Raymond L., Sumter, 8. C., Jan. 18; White, W. O., Keene, N. H., Mch. 23; White, Henry, New Haven, Conn., Mch. 26; Wilson, John, Cambridge, Ap. 5; Wood, N. H., Portland, Me., Mch. 5; White, Charles A., lowa City, Iowa, Feb.9; Wurzburg, Physicalisch-medicinische Gesellschaft, Oct. 24; Yale College, Corporation of, Mch. 23.
ESSEX INST. BULLETIN. 7
66
ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. (March and April.)
BY DONATION.
BARLOW, JOHN, Salem. Record of the Massachusetts Volunteers, 1861~’65, 1 vol. 4to, Boston, 1868. Fifth Annual Report of the Board of State Charities, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1869. y
BOWDOIN COLLEGE. Catalogue of the Officers and Students, Second Term, 1868- 69, 8vo, pamph., Brunswick, 1869.
BROOKS, HENRY M. Friend’s Review, Advertisement sheet, 39 Numbers. Salem Directory for 1864, 1 vol. 12mo, Salem, 1864. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 20.
Brown, F. H.,M.D. Some observations on the Fauna of Madeira, 8vo, pamph.
BUTLER, Hon. BENJ. F., M.C. Speech of Hon. Samuel Hooper in U. 8. House of Representatives, Feb. 5, 1869, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1869. Speech of Hon: G. W. Julian in U. S. House of Representatives, Feb. 5, 1869, 8v0, pamph. Report subjected to the House of Representatives, June, 1868, by Mr. Morrell, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1868. Internal Tax Laws, 8vo, pamph. . Report of the Special Com- missioner of the Revenue, for the year 1868, 8yo, pamph. Treaty with Russia, 8vo, pamph. Commercial Relations of the U. S. with Foreign Nations, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868. Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for the year 1867, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868. Report of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, for the year 1867, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1867. Civil Service of the U, S., 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868. Message and, Documents, Navy Department, 1868~69, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868. Official Army Register, for 1868, 12mo, pamph. Report of the Commissioner of the General Land Office for the year 1867, abridgement,.1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1867. Speech of Hon. W. Williams in U.S. House of Representatives, Feb. 4, 1869, 8vo, pamph. Speech of Hon. G. W. Sco- field in U. 8. House of Representatives, Jan. 27, 1869, 8vo0, pamph. Monthly Re- port of the Department of Agriculture for January and February, 1869, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1869. Speech of Hon. B. F. Butler in U. S. House of Repre- sentatives, April 1, 1869, on ‘“‘ Reconstruction of Mississippi,” 8vo.
CANFIELD, THOMAS H., Burlington, Vt. Policy of Extending Government Aid to Additional Railroads to the Pacific, by Guaranteeing Interest on the Bonds, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1869.
CHASE, GEORGE B. <A Genealogical Memoir of the Chase Family of Chesham, Bucks, in England, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1869,
CLARK. W.S., Amherst. Sixth Annual Report of the Trustees of Massachusetts Agricultural College, Jan., 1869, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1869.
CLEVELAND, WILLIAM C, Catalogue of the Officers and Students of Cornell University, for 1868-69, 8vo, pamph., Ithaca, 1869.
COGSWELL, WILLIAM. Pubji¢ Documents for the City of Salem for 1868, 1 vol. 8vo, Salem, 1869. 4
Cook, WM. 8S. A Vocabulary, with Colloquial Phrases of the Canton Dialect, 1 vol. 8vo, Canton, 1854.
CROCKETT, WM. D., Boston. Catalogue of Officers and Students of Bow- doin College for 1848, 1845, 2 pamphs., 8vo. Triennial Catalogue of Dartmouth College for 1848, 1846, 2 pamphs., 8vo. Catalogue of Officers and Students of Dart- mouth College for 1843-4, 1845-6, 2 pamphs., 8vo. Catalogue of Officers and Mem- bers of the Peucinian Society, Bowdoin College, 1843, 8vo, pamph. Messages of Gov. A. H. Bullock to the House of Representatives, May 14, 1867, to Jan. 17, 1868.
DREER, FERDINAND J., of Philadelphia. Fifteenth Annual Report of W. J. Mullen, Prison Agent, Jan. 1, 1869, 8vo, pamph., Philadelphia.
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FELT, CHARLES W., Salem. Pamphlets, 4.
FELT, JOHN. Several Manuscript Papers.
Foster, ISAAC P. Miscellaneous Pamphlets, 10.
GOODWIN, Capt. W. F., U. S. A., Richmond, Va. The Central Water Line from the Ohio River to the Virginia Capes, 2d ed., 8vo, pamph., Richmond, 1869.
GREEN, SAMUEL A., Boston. Nicholson’s Operative Mechanic, and British Machinist, 1 vol. 8vo, Phila., 1826. Inaugural Address of N. B. Shurtleff, Mayor of Boston, to the City Council, Jan. 4, 1869, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1869. Annual Report of the Adj. Gen. of the Commonwealth of Mass., for year ending Dec. 31, 1868, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1869. The Campaner Thal, &c., by Jean Paul, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston, 1864. U.S. Army and Navy Journal, and Gazette of the Regular and Volunteer Forces, vol. 1, 1863-4, 1 vol. 4to, N. Y. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 150. Annual Re- port of the School Committee of Boston, 1868, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1869. Seventh Annual Report of the Superintendent of the Insurance Department, State of New York, 1 vol. 8vo, Albany, 1866. International General Average Report, 1 vol. 8vo, N. Y., 1866.
HARRIS, ALDEN, Beverly. The Whole Duty of Man, 1 vol. folio, London, 1695.
Ives, HENRY P. Catalogue of Games and Home Amusements, 1868-69, 8vo, pamph., Springfield. <
KETCHUM, F. A. Ketchum & Crawford’s St. Paul City Directory for 1869, 1 vol. 8vo.
KIMBALL, JAMES. Massachusetts Register and Directory, 1867, 1 vol. 8vo, Bos- ton. Municipal Register of Newburyport for 1855, 1 vol. 12mo, Newburyport, 1855. _ LANGWORTHY, I. P., Boston. Lectures on Theology by Rev. B. Tyler, 1 vol®vo, Boston, 1859. Memoir of John Codman, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1853. Presbyterian Historical Almanac, 1 vol. 8vo, Phila., 1864. Minutes of the General Assembly of Presbyterian Church, for 1855, 756, 1864, ’65, 4 pamphs., 8vo. Miscellaneous pamph- lets, 18.
LEE, JOHN C. Commercial Bulletin for February and March.
LINCOLN, SOLOMON, Jr., Salem. Miscellaneous pamphlets, College Catalogues, ete., 30. >
Lorp, N. J. Boston Post, for Jan., Feb., Meh., 1869. Fol.
MACK, WILLIAM. Congressional Directory for the 3d Session, 40th Congress of the U.S. A., 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1869.
NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Geology of New Jersey, by authority of the Legislature, 1 vol. 8vo, and Maps, 1 vol. 4to, Newark, 1868.
PALFRAY, CHARLES W. New England Farmer, 26 numbers; American Journal of Horticulture, 24 numbers; Monthly Report of the Department ofAgriculture, from Noy. 1867 to Jan. 1869, 11 pamphs. 8vo; Miscellaneous Pamphlets, 17. ;
PEABODYWACADEMY OF SCIENCE. Memoirs, vol. 1, No. 1, 8vo, Salem, 1869.
PEASE, GEORGE W. The Heretic Detector, vol. v, 1 vol. 8vo, Middleburg, O., 1841. Elements of Musical Composition, 1 vol, 12mo, Boston, 1844. Herndon’s Val-, ley of the Amazon Maps, pt. 1, 1 vol. 8vo. Fourth Report of the Agriculture of Mass., 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1841. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 254.
_ PERKINS, GEORGE A., Elements of Euclid, 1 vol. 12mo., London, 1720. Euclid’s Elements of Geometry, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1745. Playfair’s Euclid, l-vol. 8vo, New . York, 1819. Simpson’s Trigonometer, 1 vol. 8vo, Phila., 1810. Payne’s Trigonom- eter, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1772. Keith on the Globes, 1 vol. 8vo, N. Y., 1819. Calcu- lus, 1 vol. 8vo, Cambridge, 1824. Analytic Geometry, 1 vol. 8vo, Cambridge, 1820. Farrar’s Mechanics, 1 vol. 8vo, Cambridge, 1825. Fischer’s Natural Philosophy, 1 yol. 8vo, Boston, 1827. Day’s Trigonometry, 1 vol. 8vo, New Haven, 1815. Elec, tricity, Magnetism, etc., 1 vol. 8vo, Cambridge, 1826. Treatise on Optics, 1 vol. 8vo- Cambridge, 1826. Arnott?s Elements of Physics, 1 vol. 8vo, Phila., 1829. Playfair’s Philosophy Dissertations, 3 vols. 8vo, Boston, 1817. Adam/’s Electricity, 1 vol.
2 68 8vo, London, 1784. Ferguson’s Astronomy, 1 vol. 12mo, Philadelphia, 1808. En- field’s Philosophy, 1 vol. 4to, London, 1785. Smellie’s Philosophy, 1 vol. 8vo, Philadelphia, 1791. Essay on the World, 2 vols. 8vo, London, 1701. Combe on Constitution of Man, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1828. Brazer’s Essay on Divine Influ- ence, 1 vol. 16mo, Boston, 1835. Fordyce’s Sermon, 1 vol. 16mo, London, 1766, Edwards’ on Religious Affections, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston, 1768. Lud Kusteru’s, 1 vol. 12mo, London, 1773. Dilworth’s Guide to the English Tongue, 1 vol. 16mo, Boston, 1778. Carey’s Latin Prosody, 1 vol. 12mo, London, 1818. Turner’s Accidence, 1 vol. 16mo, London, 1762. Syntax and Prosody, 1 vol. 12mo, Salem, 1783. Greek Grammar, 1 vol. 16mo, London, 1793. Smith’s Class-book of Anat- omy, 1 vol. 8yo, Boston, 1837. National Orator, 1 vol. 8vo, N. Y., 1829. Differ- ential and Integral Calculus, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1847. Night Thoughts, 1 vol. 12mo, London, 1760. Rise and Progress of Religion, 1 vol. 12mo, 1772. American School Reader, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston. ‘ Jay’s Inquiries, 1 vol. 12mo. New York, 1835. Liber Primus, 1 vol. 12mo, Newburyport, 1815. Elements of Morality, 1 vol. 12mo, Baltimore, 1811. Sentimental Journal, 1 vol. 12mo, London, 1769. Hobbes de Cive, 1 vol. 16mo, Amsterodami, 1760. Power of Parliament, 1 vol. 16mo, 1677. Newcome’s New Testament, 1 vol. Syo, Boston, 1809. Bunyan’s Holy War, 1 vol. 12mo, Balti- -more, 1821. Dodd’s Reflections, 2 vols. 12mo, London, 1773, 1793. Doctrine of the Passions, 1 vol. 16mo, Elizabethtown, 1795. Gillie’s Historical Collections, 2 vols. 8vo, Glasgow, 1754. Case of Dartmouth College, 1 vol. 8vo, Portsmouth, n. d. Fair and Impartial Testimony, 1 vol. 12mo, Glasgow, 1765. Gray’s Memoria Tech. nica, 1 vol. 12mo, London, 1812. R. I. Freewill Baptist Pulpit, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston- 1852. Joannis Caii Brittanni, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1729. English and Greek Vocab- ulary, 1 vol. 18mo, Phila., 1810. The Day of Doom, 1 vol. 18mo, Boston, 1828. Chapel Liturgy, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1811. Contemplations on the Ocean, 1 vol. 12mo, London, 1753. Joseph Andrews, 1 vol. 8vo, Edinburgh, 1792. Adventures of Telemachus, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston, 1797. Gay’s Fables, 1 vol. 12mo, London, 1754. Some Poems, 1 vol. 16mo,n.d. Siege of Corinth, 1 vol. 18mo, N. Y., 1816. Vision of Don Roderick, 1 vol. 16mo, Boston, 1811. History of Mr. Decastro, 3 vols. 8vo, Boston, 1815. Universal Letter Writer, 1 vol. 12mo, London, n. d. Hudson’s French Guide, 1 vol. 12mo, London, 1763. Geography Anatomized, 1 vol. 8vo, Lon- don, 1754. Guthrie’s Grammary1 vol. 8vo, London, 1783. Description of the World, 1 vol. sm. 4to, London, 1700. Life of Dr. Darwin, 1 vol. 8vo, Phila., 1804. William Lilly’s History 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1822. Mat. Devarii, 1 vol. 16mo, Rome, 1657. Memoirs of Mrs. Ramsay, 1 vol. 16mo, Charlestown, 1812. - Life of Gardiner, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston, 1792. Radcliffe’s Life, 1 vol. 12mo, London, 1716. Southey’s Life of Nelson, 1 vol. 16mo, Boston, 1814. Age of Louis XIV, 2 vols. 12mo, London, 1753. Bernhardi Varenf, 1 vol. 12mo, 1681. Philip the Second, 1 vol. 8vo, N. Y., 1818. Philip the Third, 1 vol. 8vo, N. Y., 1818. Robertson’s History of Charles V., 3 vols. 8vo, 1770. Moore’s France, 2 vols. 8vo, London, 1793. Moore’s Italy, 2 vols. 8vo, London, 1790. Moore on French Revolution, 2 vols. 8vo, London, 1795. Millot’s General History, 5 vols. 8vog#alem, 1796. History of Mexico, 3 vols. 8vo, Phila., 1817. Flint’s Travels, 1. vol. 8vo} Boston, 1826. Mass. Register for 1852, 753, 754, 756, 4 vols. 8vo, Boston, 1852, etc. Mass State Record, 2 vols. 8vo, Boston, 1849 and 1851. Insane and Idiots, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1855. Annual Reports of Education from 1863 to 1868, 6 vols. 8vo, Boston, 1863. Compendium U. 8. Census,.1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1854. Spurzheim on Education, 1 vol. 12mo, Boston, 1832. Principles of Politeness, 1 vol. 12mo, Phila., 1792. Merchants’ and Bankers’ Almanac, 1854, 1 vol. 8vo, N. Y., 1854. Monthly Review, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1810. Naval Magazine, 1 vol. 8vo, N. Y., 1836. Naval Magazine, 6 Nos., 1837. Lessons in Elocution, 1 vol. 12mo, Worcester, 1808. Universal Magazine, 3 vols., 8vo, London, n.d. Mnemo- nika, 1 vol. 16mo, Baltimore, 1812. Hymns and Psalms, etc., 8vo, Cambridge, 1825. Memoirs of American Academy, vols. 1, 2, 3, 4to, Boston, 1785. Priestley’s Op-
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ticks, 1 vol. 4to, London, 1772. Commonwealth of Oceana, 1 vol. 8yo, London, 1656. Resuscitatis, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1657. The Examiner for 1832, 1 vol. folio. Collection of Discourses, 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1664.
POOLE, Wo. F., Boston. Cotton Mather and Salem Witchcraft by W. F. Poole, 8yo pamph., Boston 1869.
PROSSER, W. F., M.C. Report of Surveys across the Continent i in 1867-68, by W. J. Palmer, 1 vol. shel Phila., 1869.
PuTNAM, F.W. Catalogue of the University of Virginia, 45th Session, 1868-69, 8vo, pamph., Baltimore, 1869.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Catalogue of the Orthoptera of N. A. described previous to 1867; prepared by 8S. Scudder, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1868.
SMITH, W: C.,M.C. Speech of Hon. William Windom in U. 8S. House of Repre- sentatives, Jan. 5, 1869, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1869. Report of E. F. Johnson to the Board of Directors of the Northern Pacific Railroad Co., Nov., 1867, 8vo, pamph., Hartford, 1867.
STANWOOD, EBEN R., Essex. Miscellaneous pamphlets and papers, 6.
STICKNEY, MATTHEW A. Seventeenth Annual Report of the New York Juvenile Asylum, to the Legislature of the State, 8vo, pamph., N. Y., 1869.
SUMNER, Hon. CHARLES. ‘Report of the Goismniasioner of Agriculture for the year 1867, 1 vol. 8vo, Washington, 1868. Congressional Directory for the 3d Session of the 40th Congress of the U.S. A., 8vo, Washington, 1869. Report of the Special Commissioner of the Revenue for 1868, 8vo, pamph. Speech of Hon. John Sher- man in U.S. Senate, Jan. 27, 1869, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1869. Speech of Hon. Charles Sumner in U. 8. Senate, Feb. 5, 1869, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 169. Monthly Report of the Department of Agriculture for January and February, 1869, 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1869. Congressional Directory for Ist SeSriOn, 41st Con- gress of U.S. A., 8vo, pamph., Washington, 1869.
TUCKER, JONATHAN. Joseph II. and his Court, 4 vols. 8vo, Mobile, 1864. Rules ~ and Regulations of the State Fair of Louisiana, 8vo, pamph., New Orleans, 1869. Moline Plow Works, 8vo, pamph., Chicago, 1867. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 21.
UPHAM, J. BAXTER, Boston. The Great Organ in the Boston Music Hall, 12mo, pamph., Boston, 1866. Report of the Committee on Music, 1868, 8vo, pamph.
VALENTINE, Mrs. Miscellaneous pamphlets, 36
WAR DEPARTMENT, SURGEON GENERAL’S OFFICE. Catalogue of the Surgical Section of the U. 8S. Army Medical Museum, 1 vol. 4to, Washington, 1866.
WASHBURN & Co. Amateur Cultivator’s Guide, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1869.
WATERS, JOSEPH G. Manuscript Papers and Account saiaem of the Salem Re- lief Fire Club. » ;
WATERS, J. LINTON, Chicago. Speeches of E. W. Evans and J. L. King, in the Wilkinson fDribune Libel Suit, 8vo, pamph., Chicago, 1869. The Chicago Tribune, 8vo, pamph. Third Annual Report of the Dircctors of the Union Stockyards and Transit Company, to the Stockholders, Jan. 15, 1869, 8vo, pamph., Chicago, 1869,, The Health-Lift, 8vo, pamph. American Gold Quotations, 18mo, New York, 1869, South Side Park, Circulars for Voters. Illinois Central Railroad Company, Report to Directors, pamph. The North-western Liquid Fluid Company, 8vo, pamph., Chicago, 1868. Sixth Annual Report of the President and Directors 6f the Chicago . and Alton Railroad Company, 8vo, pamph., Chicago, 1869.
WEBSTER, Prof. N. B., Vineland, N. J. Charter and Constitution of Ottawa Natural History Society, Canada, 5 pamphlets.
WINTHROP, ROBERT C., Boston. Introductory Lecture to the Course on the Early History of Massachusetts, at Lowell Institute, Jan. 5, 1869, 8vo, Boston, 1869.
BY EXCHANGE.
AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY. Proceedings at the Annual Meeting in Wor- cester, Oct. 21, 1868, 8vo, Worcester, 1869.
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ARCHIV FUR ANTHROPOLOGIE. Zeitschrift fiir Naturgeschichte und Urges- chichte des Menschen. Dritter Band. 4to, Braunschweig, 1868.
BASEL NATURFORSCHENDE GESELLSCHAFT. Verhandlungen der Naturfors- chenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 8vo, 1868.
BIBLIOTHEQUE UNIVERSELLE ET REVUE SUISSE. Archives des Sciences Phys- ques et Naturelles. Nouvelle Periode. Tome xxxiii, xxxiv, 8vo, Geneve, 1868, 769.
BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. Boston Directory for 1789, 12mo0, Boston, 1789, re- print. R. B. Thomas’ Farmer’s Almanac for 1864,~5, 6, ’7. Whig Almanac for 1854. Year Book of Unitarian Congregational Churches for 1868. Webster’s Cal- endar, or the Albany Almanac for 1869. Bulletin of the Boston Public Library for March, 1869, Svo, pamph.
BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY. Proceedings, vol. xii, sigs. 15, 16, 17, 18, 8vo, pamph. Memoirs, vol. 1, pt. 4,4to. Entomological Correspondence, 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1869.
CINCINNATI PUBLIC LIBRARY. Rules, By-laws and other Items, with Annual Reports, 1868, 8vo, pamph.
INSTITUT HISTORIQUE DE FRANCE. L’Investigateur, Journal de l’Nov., Dec., 1868, 8vo, Paris, 1868.
KONGELIGE NORSKE UNIVERSITETS. Meteorologiske Iagttagelser i, det sydlige norge, Aarg, 1863, 1864, 1865, og. 1866. Oblong 4to, Christiania, 1867. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, Aar, 1867, 8vo, Christiania, 1868. Registre til Christiania Videnskabsselskabs Forhandlinger, 1858-1867, 8vo, Christiania, 1868. Det Kongelige Norske Frederiks Universitets Aarsbereting for Aaret, 1867, 8vo Christiania, 1868; Untersuchungen uber den Magnetismus der Erde, 1 vol. 4to, Christiania, 1819; Index Scholarum in Universitate Regia Fredericiana, small 4to, pamph., Christiania, 1868.
MEMOIRS POUR SERVIR A LA CONNAISANCE DES CRINOIDES VIVANTS. Par M. Sars. 4to, 1868.
MAINE HisroRICAL Sociery. Collections, Second Series, vol. i, 8vo, Portland, 1869.
MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Transactions for 1868, 8vo, pamph. Boston, 1869.
MONTREAL NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Canadian Naturalist and Geologist for June and December, 1868, vol. 3, nos. 5, 6, 8v0, pamph., Montreal.
NEW BEDFORD PUBLIC LIBRARY, TRUSTEES OF. Seventeenth Annual Report of the Trustees of the Free Public Library of the City of New Bedford, 8vo, pamph., New Bedford, 1869.
NEw ENGLAND HISTORIC-GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY. The New England Genea- logical and Historical Register for April, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1869.
NEW JERSEY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Proceedings, vol. 1, No. 3, Second Series, 8vo, pamph., 1869.
NEW YORK LYCEUM OF NATURAL History. Annals vol. ix, Nos. 1-4, 8vo, pamph., New York, 1868. =)
PHILADELPHIA ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. Journal, New Series, vol. vi, Pt. ILI, 4to, pamph., Philadelphia, 1869.
PORTLAND SOCIETY OF NATURAL HIsToRY. Proceedings, vol. 1, pt. 2, 8vo, pamph., Portland, 1869.
PUBLISHERS. American Builder, March. American Literary Gazette, Feb. 15, Mch. 1,15, Ap.1. Book Buyer, Feb. 15, Mch. 15, Ap. 15. Christian World, Mch. Ap. Cosmos, Mch.27. Educational Gazette, March. Essex Banner, Feb. 19, 26, Mch. 5, 12, 19, 26, Ap. 2, 9, 16. Gardener’s Monthly, Mch., Ap. Gloucester Tele- graph, Feb. 17, 20, 24, 27, Mch. 3, 6, 10, 13, 17, 20, 24, 27, 31, Ap. 3, 7,10, 14,17. Hard- wick’s Science-Gossip, Dec. 1, Mch.1, Ap.1. Haverhill Gazette, Feb. 19, 26, Mch. 5, 12, 19, 26, Ap. 2, 9,16. Historical Magazine, Jan. Inside Track, Mch. Land and Water, Dec. 5, Jan. 16, 23, 30, Feb. 6, 18, 20, 27. Lawrence American, Feb. 19, 26,
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Mch. 5, 12, 19, 26, Ap. 2, 9,16. Lynn Reporter, Feb. 17, 20, 24, 27, Mch. 3, 6, 10,13, 17, 20, 24, 27, 31, Ap. 3, 7, 10, 14, 172 Medical and Surgical Reporter, Feb. 13, 20, 27, Mch. 6, 13, 20, 27, Ap. 3,10. Nation, Feb. 18, 25, Mch. 4, 11, 18, 25, Ap. 1, 8,15. Pea- body Press, Feb. 17, 24, Mch. 3, 10, 17, 24, 31, Ap. 14. Triibner’s American and Ori- ental Literary Record, Feb. 15, Mch. 15. Western Bookseller, Mch. 1.
SOCIETE VAUDOISE DES SCIENCES NATURELLES. Bulletin de la Société Vau- doise des Sciences Naturelles, Vol. ix, Nos. 54, 59, 8vo, Lausanne, 1866-8.
VEREIN FUR ERDKUNDE UND VERWANDTE WISSENSCHAFTEN. Notizblatt des Vereins fur Erdkunde und Verwandte Wissenschaften zu Darmstadt und des Mittelrhtinischen Geologischen Vereins; Nebst Mittheilungen aus der Grossh Hessischen Centralstelle fiir die Landesstatistik; Herausgegeben von L. Ewald; Des Notizblatts des Vereins fiir Erdkunde, Folge iii, Heft vi, 8vo, Darmstadt, 1867.
ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUMS OF THE INSTITUTE AND THE PEABODY ACADEMY OF SCIENCE.
(March and April.)
WILLIS G. BURNHAM, Essex. Earth containing Iron from Essex. .
8. CaRLIN. Specimen of a Domestic Cat, 13 years old.
Wo. R. CLOUTMAN, Charleston, 8.C. Post Pliocene fossils from the Ashley River deposit, 8. C.
S. B. DANFORTH, Newburyport. An Albino Woodchuck taken in Merhaes
H. Davis, Money Creek, Min. A box of Minerals, a bottle Leuciscii and two Gopher Skins from that locality.
Mrs. DAvIs, Gloucester. A collection of Pressed Algz from that vicinity.
HORACE EATON. Native Cap from Aspinwall. Rattles of the California Rattle- snake, and specimens of the Sequoia and California Redwood.
CHARLES FISHER. Specimens of Gold Ores, Copper Pyrites.
S. P. FOWLER, Danvers. Specimen of Picus pubescens from Danvers. ¢
HENRY R. GARDNER, Salem. A specimen of Euplectella speciosa from the Island of Zebu.
WILLIAM GARDNER, Salem. A Young Canary.
H. GILLMAN, Detroit, Mich. A collection of Insects from Lake Superior.
ALONZO GOLDSMITH. Young Python and three specimens of Gelassimus from Sierra Leone. Young Flying Fish, and a Parasitic Crustacean from the mouth of a Flying Fish; both taken in latitude 22 or23 N., longitude 40 W.
JOHN GOULD, Ipswich. Small Weasel Bien during the change of pelage in| Essex.
E. L. GREENE, Col. Two specimens of Ophioglossus reticulatum from Albion, Wis., Oct. 5, 1866. ss
WILLIAM GROVER. Twenty-nine specimens of Leda thraciformis, and two of
’ Telina sp. from stomachs of Platessa sp.
Capt. HENRY D. HALL, U.S.R. M. Specimen of Squilla sp., from Cape Fear River, N. C.
J.P. HASKELL, Marblehead. One Scomberesox Storerii and several specimens of Bolina from the Grand Banks.
ROBERT HOWELL, Nichols, Tioga Co., N. Y. A Collection of Fossils from the Chemung Group.
A. HyaTT. Specimens of Reed used in smoking the Mummies found in the Mammoth Cave, Ky. A collection of Fossils from the vicinity of Annapolis, Md., ©
72
and a few from the Red Sandstone near Greenfield, A collection of Reptiles, In- sects, Crustaceans and Mollusks, in Alcohol, from various localities, and Plants from Anticosta, Cambridge, and Norway, Me. Also twelve Copper Coins from various countries.
A. H. JoHNsON. Three Canadian Copper Coins, and one Copper Token,
SAMUEL KILLAM, Boxford. Specimens of Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola Canaden- sis).
H. F. Kine, A Cigar Case made by the natives of Java, from the quills of Pavo spicefer,
CHARLES LAWRENCE, Danvers. An unfinished Stone Arrowhead found at Dan- vers.
WILLIAM LorRD. Eighteen specimens, three species, of Coral, from the Sand- wich Islands; and seven species of Land and Marine Gasteropods.
PHILIP MCDONALD. Two specimens of Gorgonia from South America.
FRANK MCGILL. Twelve specimens of Marine Shells from Zanzibar. Fourteen specimens of Marine Shells from West Indies. Also, under jaw of a Porpoise and Tooth of a Whale.
E. 8. Morse. A specimen of Camphor Wood.
S. A. NELSON, Georgetown, Mass. Two skulls of Domestic Cats, Carapace and Sternum of Glyptemys insculpta. Partial Skeleton of Chelydra serpentina. Four Nests of Chimney Swallow.
CHARLES H. NorRIS. An Alcoholic specimen of Goliathus from Acara, West
Coast of Africa, collected by John J. Coker.
H. K. OLIVER, Sample of Bread made by the Navajo Indians from Blue Corn.
-A. 8. PACKARD, Jr. Musk Rat (young) from South Salem.
J. PERLEY. Scolopendra sp., from Sulphur Springs, Fla.
J. H. PooLE, Peabody, Malformed Pig, born April, 8, 1869. :
CHARLES PUTNAM. A piece of High Rock, Saratoga.
A. Ray, Topsfield. Living Specimen of Triton violacea from Topsfield.
JOHN H. SEARS, Danvers. Two specimens of Picus villosus, shot at Wenham.
WILLIAM H. SILSBEE. Cocoons of Telia polyphemus from vicinity of Beverly, An Implement from the Pacific Islands.
LOVELL SMITH, Boston. Minerals from various localities,
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, D. C. Forty-three Bird Skins from Costa Rica and other localities.
GEORGE SPALDING,.Newburyport. Fotal Porpoise and a Whale Louse,
R. E. C. STEARNS, San Francisco, Cal. Six specimens of Marine Shells from Tampa Bay, Florida. Eight specimens of Marine Shells from Mounds near Rocky Point, Tampa Bay. One specimen of Sponge. Cones and Leaves of Pinus teda and P. palustris from Florida. Specimens of Fossil Coral, etc., from Ballast Point, Tampa Bay. Three specimens of Cassidula corona from a Mound near Rocky Point, Florida. One Purpura ostrina, Fossil from Monterey, California. One Chlorostoma sp. a.
8.S.Symonps. Rattle from a Snake killed on Valance Plantation, Parish As- sumption, Louisiana.
ROBERT UPTON. Partial skeleton of Lomvia sp.
C. A. WALKER, Chelsea. One Plectrophanes nivalis. Two Agiothus linarius. - one Melospiza palustris; all from the vicinity of Chelsea, Mass.
GEO. P. WATSON, Specimens of Mica, Tourmaline, Garnet, Quartz, etc., from Grafton, N. H.
JOHN WILLIAMS, Salem. Specimen of Brown Bat taken in Salem.
By PurcHasz. A specimen of Ling, from Lake Winnipiseogee, taken at Alton Bay. ;
e
BULLETIN
OF THE
EE ee AOE te, EN EE
VoL. I. SaLem, Mass., May, June, 1869. Nos. 5, 6.
One Dollar a Year in Advance.
FIRST HOUSES IN SALEM.
BY W. P. UPHAM.”
: [Continued from page 57.)
Ir thus appears that the lot above mentioned was owned by Michael Shaflin before 1638; and the price which John Kitchen paid for it, indicates that there was a dwelling house on it at that time; but it had disappeared in 1684.. It was long known as the “ Kitchen field,” and extended from the east side of Hamilton street westerly | _ two hundred and seventy-five feet, and southerly from Essex stieet to Chestnut street. After the death of Robert Kitchen it was owned by his son Edward Kitchen, ' who left it by will, in 1766, to Edward Kitchen Turner.
East of the Kitchen field was a lot of about the same dimensions, originally owned by Thomas Antrum. It extended easterly to a line ahout one hundred and twenty feet west of Cambridge street, and southerly to Chestnut street. East of this, and extending one hundred and | twenty feet east of Cambridge street, was another lot
Essex Inst. BULLETIN. 10 .
74
originally owned by Richard Graves; and between that and Summer street was an acre of land, with a dwelling house on it, conveyed by the heirs of Philip Veren, in 1655, to Wm. Lord, and by him to Wm. Lord, Jr., in 1658.
South of the last two lots (those of Richard Graves and Philip Veren) and extending on Broad street from . Summer street to a line one hundred and twenty feet west of Cambridge street, was the homestead of Francis Lawes, which, together with the Richard Graves lot - which he also owned, making in all about five acres, he
left by will, in 1666, to his son-in-law, John Neal, and his wife, and after their death to their son Jonathan Neal. Part of this estate has been retained in the same family to the present time. Francis Lawes lived on the east cor- ner of Cambridge and Broad streets, and the hill where the burying ground now is was in the earlier years called “Lawes Hill.” In 1721, Samuel Gaskill, aged eighty years, testified “that the dwelling house upon the hill by ye Almshouse in Salem, where Jonathan Neal now dwells, built by Francis Laws, was standing there before ye year 1660.” The Almshouse was where the Normal School building is now. Jonathan Neal left his home- stead, by will, in 1732, to his sons Jonathan and David, and in the division, in 1753, the dwelling house was assigned to Jonathan. In a deed by him in 1774, he mentions ‘‘my old &6use,” as being on the eastern corner of Cambridge street ; and in the inventory of his estate, in 1795, is mentioned the dwelling house, now standing, on the west corner, and also “an old dwelling house” on - the east corner of Cambridge and Broad streets. This last was no doubt the one referred to in the above deposi- tion.
Francis Lawes also owned the Antrum lot, above men-
75
tioned, and left it to his grandson, Joseph Neal, deseri- bing it as “ part of that ground I bought of Mr. Edmond Batter and was formerly Thomas Antrums, and _ is bounded north with the. street, east with the land of mine formerly the land of Richard Graves, south with the land of John and Jonathan Pickering, and west with the land of John Kitchen.” In 1681 Thomas Maule bought of Joseph Neal the eastern portion of the Antrum lot, and also of Jonathan Neal a small portion of the Graves lot, and built the house in which he afterwards lived, and which was taken down a few years ago. Mr. James B. Curwen, who lives on the same site, has the original deeds in his possession.
Jonathan Neale also conveyed a house lot, in 1680, to Benjamin Marston, who built thereon the house now standing on the western corner of Cambridge street, which. street was then first laid out as a private way be- tween that house lot and another which he conveyed to Samuel Wakefield. Wakefield sold his house in 1684, to John Bullock, Innkeeper, and in 1706 it was conveyed to Richard Pike. Another house lot, next east, was conveyed by Neal, in 1680, to Samuel Shattuck, Jr., hat- maker and dyer, who built there the house now standing, part of which is owned and occupied by Mrs. Mary C.. Stowers. This was the house to which Bridget Bishop came to’get some lace dyed, when the effect Shattuck thought her visits had upon his child, aroused his suspi-' cions that she was a witch, and caused him to testify against her at her trial in 1692. é
The house of William Lord, who owned the acre of land at the corner of Essex and Summer streets, was where Mr. Jonathan Peirce now lives. The southern part of his land, near the northern corner of Chestnut and Summer streets, was used by John Mason, from 1661
76
to 1687, for making bricks, and afterwards by Isaac Stearns for the same purpose; and west of that as far as to Cambridge street, was another “ brick place” owned by Thomas Maule, and afterwards Samuel Woodwell.
South of the “ Kitchen field” and the Antrum lot, and fronting on Broad street from the land of Francis Lawes to Cotta’s lot, above described, which was about two hundred feet west of Pickering street, was the homestead of John Pickering, of about five acres. ‘The first house
in which he lived when he bought the Broadfield of |.
Emanuel Downing, in 1643, was near the site of the present dwelling now occupied by John Pickering, Esq., his descendant in the seventh generation. This house, now standing, is one of the most interesting relics of the past we have in the city, both from its having been always occupied by the same family, and on account of its well authenticated antiquity. The following is taken from an account of this house in a memorandum book, and was written by Col. Timothy Pickering, Dec. 3, 1828. After referring to another house which his eldest sister Sarah (Pickering) Clark, who died Nov. 21, 1826, in her 97th year, remembered as standing at a small distance eastward of the present house, Col. Pickering writes :
‘“‘T well remember that when I went to the woman’s school, being then only six years old, my father raised the roof of the northern side of the present house, and so made room for three chambers to accom- modate his family, havi then nine children. The roof, according to the fashion of the time, running down on the northern side, so as to leave but one upright story. The windows were glazed with small panes, some diamond-shaped, and the others small oblongs. These were all set in leaden strips, formed thin, with grooves (by a machine © made for the purpose) for the reception of the glass, on which: the lead was easily pressed close down. Where the leads crossed they were soldered together; and I perfectly remember seeing the glazier,
Moore by name, setting glass in the old windows, in the manner here described.
a!
77
fi remember hearing my father say, that when he made the altera- tions and repairs above mentioned, the eastern end of the house was one hundred years old, and the western end eighty years old. Conse- quently the eastern end is now (Dec. 3, 1828) 177 years old. For Iam 83, and was but six years old-in July, 1751, the year in which the alterations and repairs took place.
I also remember hearing my father say, that, supposing the sills of the house must be decayed, he had provided new white oak timber to replace them ; but that the carpenter, when he had ripped off the weather-boards, found the sills sound, of swamp white oak; and the carpenter told him that they would last longer than any new sills he could provide; and the same sills remain to this day.
At the southern side of broadfield, a little eastward of the salt marsh, were many logs projecting beyond the low bank — manifestly the remains of a wharf,* erected when what is now the Mill Pond of the South Mills was a continuance of the South River.”
Col. Pickering’s father was Deacon Timothy Pickering, who was born in 1703, and to whom Jonathan, a son of the first John, conveyed, in 1727, his portion of Yhe homestead land, being the eastern part, and consisting of an acre and a half, together with the dwelling house on it in which he then lived. This house was no doubt the one remembered by Col. Pickering’s sister, Sarah. Deacon Timothy Pickering had five years before inherited the western part of the homestead, including the house now standing, from his father John, who was a grandson of the first John. There can be no doubt, therefore, that his statement of the age of the house was correct; according to which the eastern half of the house is now two hun- dred and eighteen years, and the western part one hun- dred and ninety-eight years, old. This is also confirmed hy the records, particularly the Commoners record, which - shows that John Pickering was, in 1714, allowed two rights “for his father’s house ;” that is, the house in which his father had lived (the one now standing) was built before 1661. It also appears from the same record, that
*See Essex Inst. Coll., Vol. VIII, p. 22.
78
Jonathan Pickering’s house (which stood to the east of the present house) was the same “which one Deacon built before 1661.” The first. John Pickering died in 1657, and his widow Elizabeth married John Deacon. The oldest son John, remained in the house which his father had built in 1651, while his mother and the younger son Jonathan, removed to the new house which John Deacon built on that part of the homestead which was set off to Jonathan. The mother died in 1662; and in 1671, the two brothers made a final settlement of the estate between them, at which time, according to Deacon Pickering, the western part of the present house was built. In regard to the original house in which John Pickering lived previous to 1651, we have the fol- lowing evidence given in a deposition by his grandson, showing that it was sold in 1663 or 1664, and removed to another place. On the Commoners Record for 1714, is entered one right to John Pickering “for his grandfather’s house,” which shows that another house had stood on his land which had belonged to his grandfather and was built before 1661. The following explains what became of it, and is also interesting as showing at what an early period houses were moved.
‘“‘The testimonie of John Pickering of full age saith, to his cer- tain knowledge the little house that was William Beenses* was his father’s Cottage Right, that is allowed to me. He further saith that in the year 1663 or 1664, my father sold it to William Beens and it was removed to that placg With oxen. JOHN PICKERING.”
Opposite the Pickering house and south of Broad street (which at first included the present Cemetery and a strip of land west of it), was the “Broadfield” consist- ing of twenty acres and extending from the Hathorne
* William Beans lived where now is the corner of Boston street and the Turnpike.
fa!
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farm, the line of which corresponded nearly with Phelps Court, east and south to the South River, now the Mill Pond. This was at one time called the “Governor's field.” * It. was sold by Gov. Endicott to Emanuel Downing before 1640, as appears by a deed of mortgage on the Suffolk Records, dated June 8, 1640, and ac- knowledged Dec. 20, 1644, by Emanuel Downing of “his mansion houset at Salem with four acres more or less thereto adjoining, and twenty acres more purchased of. Mr. Endicott, lying upon the South River.” John Pickering subsequently came into possession of the Broadfield by virtue’ of a deed of Indenture, now in the possession of John Pickering, Esq., of which the follow- ing is a literal copy :
‘This indenture made the‘llth day of February anno 1642 Wit- nesseth that Lucey Downinge the wife of Emanuel Downinge of Salem in New Englande Esq. & Edmund Batter of Salem, gent: for & in consideration of the summe of twenty two pounds haue bargained © & sould & by these presents doe bargain & sell to John Pickerring of Salem aforesaid carpenter all that parcell of grounde lying before the now dwelling house of the sd. Jno. Pickerringe late in the occupation of Jno. Endicott Esq. with all the appurtenances thereto belonging, abutting on the East & South on the river commonly called the South - river & on the West on the land of William Hawthorne & on the North vpon the towne common. ‘To haue & to houlde to him, his heirs & assignes forever. In consideration whereof the said Jno. Pickerring doth couenant to pay to the said Lucey & Edmund or either of them the aforeSaide sume of twenty two pownds in manner and forme fol- lowinge. That is to say nine pownds of her debts to such persons as: she hath appointed & eight pownds in bacon at vid the pound & corne at such rates as they are sould commonly by Capt: Traske the 2d week in Aprill next whereof xx1 bushells is to be of Indian the rest pease and wheate and the other five powndes in such comodities as ‘ her occasions require excepting money & corne. Prouided that if the aforesaid Jno. Pickering shal not duly performe the several payments according to agreement that then it shall be lawfull for the said Lucey’
* See Essex Inst. Coll., Vol. VIII, p. 23. + Afterwards Gov. Bradstreet’s.
80
& Edmund or either of them to reénter and enjoy the said premises as before notwithstanding this agreement or any thinge therein con- tained: In witness whereof the parties aboue-said have hereunto set their hands & seales interchangably the day and yeare aboue written. Sealed & deliuered in the presence of vs Sam: SHarPeE. WILLM HaTHORNE Lucire DowNINGE [Seal.] ; EpMonp Barrer [Seal.] This Indenture is endorsed as follows : —_Mra. Down- ings and Mr. Batters Sale of the Broadfield unto Carpen- ter John Pickering — 1642 — On a separate paper is the following confirmation by Emanuel Downing: ‘*T doe freely agree to the sale of the ffeild in Salem made by wife
to Goodm: Pickering witness my hand this 10th of the 12 moneth 1648. Em: DOWNINGE.
(Endorsed.) This Febr: 10th 1643 Emmanuel Downinge Esq. his Confirmation of his wife Lucies Sale of the Broadfield unto Carpen- ter John Pickering.”
These papers have always remained in possession of the family and were not recorded till 1785. The expres- sion “late in the occupation of Jno. Endicott Esq.,” has been thought to apply to the dwelling house of John Pickering,* but it seems most probable that it referred to the “parcell of grounde” which it appears by other evi- dence had belonged to Gov. Endicott.
The westerly half of the Broadfield, being that part lying between Phelps court and Winthrop street, consist- ing of ten acres, came, in some way, into the possession of William Lord, Sen. ., who, in 1668, conveyed it to Nicholas Manning; and it finally, in 1756, came into the possession of Joseph Hathorne, and thus became merged . in the Hathorne farm, except one acre and a half on the eastern side. Hathorne street was laid out, as a private
* See Essex Inst. Hist. Coll., Vol. I, p. 40.
‘sf
81
way, through this portion of the original Broadfield in 1807. In 1808 the Town conveyed to the abutting own- ers a strip of land which until then had formed part of Broad street, lying on the north side of the Broadfield from Winthrop street, where it had the same breadth as the burying ground, extending two hundred feet west of Hathorne street where it came to a point. Winthrop street was not laid out till 1842; and up to that time the Broadfield, except the western part above described, re- mained unbroken in the Pickering family, with the excep- tion only that, from 1720 to 1781, five acres on the east side of Winthrop street were owned by Samuel Browne, to whom was allowed, in 1722, “a cottage right in the broadfield” for Edward Adams’ house, built before 1661.
[To be continued.] . : »
—<—>» > — ORDER OF MEETINGS.
Regular meeting held May 3, the President in the chair. The Records of the last meeting were read. Donations to the Cabinets and to the Library, and the correspondence were announced.
Robert S. Rantoul, Esq., read a paper* containing historical remi- niscences connected with the Salem Custom House, commencing with a brief but vivid recital of the early and noble commercial history of Salem. The speaker proceeded to give short biographical sketches of former Collectors at this port. It was voted that the thanks of. the Institute be presented to Mr. Rantoul, for the fidelity with which he has investigated his subject, and for the able and interesting man- ner in which he has presented it to our minds.
Alfred Osgood of Newburyport was elected Resident Member.
Annual meeting held Wednesday, May 12, the President in the chair. , Records of last meeting read.
The annual reports of several of the officers were read and ac-
' cepted.
THE SECRETARY, in his report, made the following statements. The present number of Resident and Corresponding Members was 805. The following have deceased during the year. Joseph Andrews, died
* Printed in the Historical Collections of the Essex Institute, vol. x.
Essex Inst. BULLETIN. Tr)
82
at Boston, Feb. 8, 1869, aged 60 years. Charles W. Brewster, died at Portsmouth, N. H., Aug. 4, 1868, aged 66. J. Vincent Browne, died at Salem, Aug. 29, 1868, aged 66. Henry P. Herrick, died at Beverly, Mch. 31, 1869, aged 58. Warren M. Jacobs, died at Peabody, July 8, 1868, aged 60. Joseph S. Leavitt, died at Salem, Aug. 17, 1868, aged ‘71. Charles Mansfield, d. at Salem, Oct. 22, 1868, aged 67. J. V. Scripture, died at Lincoln, Aug. 9, 1868, aged 29. Short biographical notices will be prepared for the Historical Collections.
No lectures have been delivered under the direction of the Insti- tute during the past year, outside of its regular meetings, unless the eloquent address of Hon. Charles W. Upham, delivered at a special meeting, upon the life and character of the former President, Francis Peabody, may be so regarded. The correspondence of the Institute has been very voluminous. The number and character of its letters indicate that the Institute is continually attracting the cordial interest of naturalists and antiquarians, not only in our own country but in Europe.
The annual publications are three in number, viz: The HisrorRicaL COLLECTIONS, the NATURALIST’S DIRECTORY, and the BULLETIN.
The Historical Collections has commenced a new series with Vol. 9, and discarding the small quarto form, now appears as an octavo.
The Naturalist’s Directory meets with great favor, and measures have been taken to secure its prompt correction as the lapse of time may require.
The BULLETIN is intended to replace the Proceedings hitherto pub- lished and to give to the public a portion of the communications made at the meetings. A brief summary of all the proceedings at each meeting will be given, including the recent correspondence, and donations to the library and museum; deficiencies existing in the collections will be stated, and the methods by which its friends may best aid in rendering them more complete. The more extended his- torical and scientific papers, especially those that require to be fully illustrated, will be reserved for publication in another form. The sci- entific communications will probably be assumed by the Trustees of the Peabody Academy of Science, and printed under their auspices, in
- the Memoirs of the Academy.
From the foregoing statements it will be seen that the Institute maintains a steady and healthful growth. Some may regard the onis- — sion of a course of lectures and social entertainments, such as are mentioned in the report of the previous year, as an indication of de- clining zeal. On the contrary, those who are acquainted with the present circumstances of the Institute know that these omissions have been made necessary by the sudden introduction of new meas- ures for advancing the objects of the Institute, which have called for the undivided attention and unremitting labors of our more prominent
add
83 and active members. The removal of the Natural History Collection of the Essex Institute to the Museum of the Peabody Academy of Science, and its re-arrangement there; the re-occupation of the cabi- nets in Plummer Hall, by transferring to them the valuable historical collections of the Institute, and the classification and arrangement of the antiquities, have involved a large amount of pains-taking toil. This, although less conspicuous to the public eye, is, nevertheless, quite as satisfactory an evidence of vigorous life. ’
But among other reasons which have had weight to lead the lecture committee to decide against a course of lectures has been the expense which necessarily attends such meetings. It is believed by many of. our number, that if the means could be obtained to heat and light the lower room in Plummer Hall, a prolonged series of lectures could be maintained which should be comparatively inexpensive to the public, instructive, popular, and’a source of income to the Institute. It is also believed, that to make the semi-monthly meetings attractive, they should be held elsewhere than in the narrow room to which they are now confined. It is hoped that before another winter, the small sum required to provide a furnace, suitable gas fixtures, and seats, wyill have been obtained, so that we may invite our friends to rooms more attractive to an audience, certainly more inspiring to a lecturer. Three lectures have been delivered at the regular meetings; two from . Hon. Charles W. Upham, and one from Robert Rantoul, Esq. Owing to these and other addresses or written communications, the semi- monthly meetings have abounded in interesting instruction. —
Of the Field Meetings it is hardly necessary to add that the five held during the past year afforded great pleasure and much valuable in- formation to-a large number of members and their friends who at- tended them. The spirit in which the citizens of the places visited have rectived the Institute and participated in its deliberations, shows how wisely chosen is this method of arousing and maintaining - public interest in natural science and local history.
Contributions brought to the cabinets of the Institute have been as numerous as heretofore. ‘
The SUPERINTENDENT of the Museum stated that the various changes which had taken place during the past two years, and the transfer of the Natural History Collections to the charge of the Trus- tees of the Peabody Academy of Science, would necessarily make his report quite brief.
At the last annual meeting the majority of the specimens compris- ing the scientific portion of the Museum, were reported as having been transferred to the Academy, and we have now the pleasure of stating that the Museum of the Academy, embracing the larger part of the collections of the East India Marine Society, and the scientific
84
portion of the Institute collection, with such specimens as have been received by the Academy, was opened to the public on Wednesday May 5th.
The rules of the Academy provide that its Museum shall be open to the members of the Essex Institute and the East India Marine Society on Tuesdays, from 10 A. M. to 5 P. M., and to the public, at the same hours, on Wednesdays, Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. Monday of each week being strictly kept as a closed day.
The members of the Institute will be undoubtedly gratified with the appearance of the new Museum, which owes so much to their past labors, and thankful that the change has been so harmoniously and satisfactorily accomplished. ;
The removal of so large a portion of our former Museum, and the deposit with the Institute of a large number of specimens of an his- torical and antiquarian character, by the Trustees of the Academy, renders it very important that active measures should be taken by the Curators of the Historical Department in re-arranging the collection under their charge.
Attention is also called to the large collection of medals, coins, and paper money in the possession of the Institute, and a similar one held by the Academy from the East India Marine Society. Neither of the collections are on exhibition, and if some arrangement could be made by the Academy and the Institute, by which the specimens could be arranged and exhibited together, a most valuable and instructive collection would be the result.
During the past year a large number of donations have been re- ceived by the Institute, and after having been announced at the meet- ings, those belonging to the Natural History Department have been transferred to the charge of the Academy.
The LiprariAn has the honor to report, that from one hundred and ninety donors, sixty-three different learned societies, and thirty-six publishers, there have been received as donations and exchanges, the following, of which a more detailed list accompanies this report.
Bevigitsen aa cee Sy a ok Ge eee an ee pe 906 BOUNGRVOLURICH heer an cee ena tee oe ae heehee Ga 940 (TINANACS sore tt emer a aie a atc she he iirc ot la nate bert Nc ise 50 IRRINDOICES oat ote wee ren Eten oad ah io te nae ow ae ee SOLS: 5,210 -
The exchanges this year have been especially valuable; of these, forty or more are from different foreign societies and publishers, to which may be added one hundred and forty-one different papers and serials received in exchange for the ‘American Naturalist,” and at present deposited in the Reading Room.
“s
. 85
All the work of removing the books to the new library hall, as well as the cataloguing, has been done under the direction of the President. The ample space appropriated for the department of newspapers, documents, miscellaneous pamphlets, and manuscripts, will admit i an arrangement that will greatly facilitate reference and consultation.
The Curaror in charge of the Herbarium reports that on the 17th of March, 1868, he began the work of examining and re-arranging the specimens of plants in the possession of the Institute.
Attention was first given to the plants of Essex County. Selected Essex specimens were mounted on fine white herbarium paper, in the manner adopted by the Boston and Cambridge Institutions.
The work on Essex plants now stands as follows. The whole are sorted and mounted; about two-thirds of them have the Academy label on them. The Polypetalous orders, being the first forty-eight fami- lies, from the Crowfoots to the Cornels, are finished and wrapped, ready for the shelves. These are also entered in the first, or num- bered catalogue, which is kept up regularly as the sheets are labeled. This finished portion includes one hundred and sixty-two sheets. The part not labeled takes in the lowest orders, from the grasses and carices, downwards. . .
In the autumn of 1868, attention was given to the dry specimens in the Marine Hall, such as cones, and other fruits, seeds, woods, etc. These were very numerous, and were not arranged until after many | weeks’ labor.
A full examination of all foreign specimens was made. This part of the work was largely extended by the receipt of a very consider- able collection from Professor D. 8S. Sheldon, of Iowa.
Every plant known to be in possession of the Institute has been - thus examined, and left, if not correctly arranged, at least in safe and good condition.
The TREASURER presented the following statement of the financial. condition for the year ending May, 1869.
GENERAL ACCOUNT
Debits. Atheneum; Rent, half Fuel, etc. . F - ~_+ $429 50 Publications, $1619 39; Salaries, $672; Gas, "97 60 é 2298 99 Repairs and fixtures, $275 02; Sundries, $66 58 . : ‘ 841 60 Lectures and Social Meeting, close of previous year b 432 17 Historical Department ; - : ‘ : , : 24 12
Balance Account . : . 3 : ss : 5 95 30
$3621 68
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Credits.
Dividends of Webster Bank, $40; Social Meeting, $250 50 $290 50 Peabody Academy of Science on account, $250; Atheneum
for Janitor, $75 . * : ‘ : 325 00 ’ Sale of Publications, $1359 29; Pedsacatie hes: $1, 046—~—=«w - 2405 29 Books, $100; Sundries, $43 99 . ‘ 7 : : , 143 99 From Natural History . : ; ers : : . 167 00 Balance Account . : ; : A : . : A 289 90 $3621 68 NaTuRAL HISTORY AND HORTICULTURE.
Debits. Shells, part payment. ‘ F : : : F ; $25 00 To General Account . F ‘ : A . A 3 167 00 $192 00
Credits. Dividends, — Lowell Bleachery . ‘ . $180 00 3 Portland, Saco and Bovanouih Rallroad : 12 00 $192 00
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT.
Debits. Binding, $71 62; Pamphlets, $5 00. - ; 3 Fi $76 62
Credits. Dividends, — Naumkeag Bank . ‘: . : . : $24 00 Michigan Central Railroad . ‘ : 5 28 50 From General Account : : - ‘ A ; : 24 12 $76 62
The various reports were approved and-accepted.
The amendment of the*Constitution, proposed at the two prece- ding Quarterly Meetings, was discussed, and on motion of Mr. James Upton, seconded by Honorable J. G. Waters, it was unanimously voted to adopt the same by substituting the word ‘‘three” for the - word “two” before the word ‘‘dollars” in Art. VII. of the Constitu- tion.
The nominating committee made their report which was unani- mously accepted, and the following board of officers were elected for the ensuing year.
‘s
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President. é HENRY WHEATLAND.
' Vice Presidents.
Of Natural History—S. P. Fowirer. Of Horticulture—Wm. Surron. Of History— ABNER C. GOODELL, JR.
Recording and Home Secretary. A. H. JOHNSON.
Foreign Secretary. A’ Ss PACKARD, «J Ra .
Treasurer. HENRY WHEATLAND.
Librarian. W. P. UPHAM.
Superintendent of the Museum. Fs Wis, ck ENA
Curators of Historical Departinent. ».
w. P. Upham, Henry M. Brooks, M. A. Stickney, John Robinson, R. S. Rantoul, W. S. Messervy, James A. Gillis, Francis H. Lee.
Curators of Natural History Department.
H. F. King, G. A. Perkins, C. M. Tracy, Caleb Cooke, Edwin. Bick- nell, E. S. Morse,. Alpheus Hyatt, Benjamin Webb, jr.
Curators of Department of Horticulture.
John M. Ives,.J. S. Cabot, R. S. Rogers, G. B. Loring, John Bertram, S. A. Merrill, Wm. Maloon, Andrew Lackey, G. F. Brown, C. H. Hig- bee, John F. Allen, Francis Putnam, Wm. Mack, B. A. West, G. D. Glover.
Lecture Committee.
James Kimball, A. C. Goodell, jr., Wm. C. Endicott, George Perkins, .
Gi'D. pereens E. S. Morse.
« Finance Conmittee.
J. C. Lee, R. S. Rogers, G. D. Phippen, James Upton, S. Endicott | Peabody, Robert Brookhouse.
Field Meeting Committee.
G. B. Loring, Samuel P. Fowler, C. M. Tracy, E. N. Walton, Charles Davis, A. W. Dodge, James T. Hewes.
Library Committee. J.G. Waters, Alpheus Crosby, Francis H. Lee, R. S. Rantoul, W. P. Upham. Publication Committee. A. C. Goodell, jr., William P. Upham, F. W. Putnam, C. M. Tracy, R. 8. Rantoul, A. S. Packard, jr., E. S. Morse, Alpheus Hyatt.
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Rev. Daniel Dorchester of Salem, Michael H: Reynolds, and Wm. Litchman of Marblehead, were elected Resident Members.
Regular meeting held Monday, May 17.— President in the Chair.
D. Webster King of Boston, and Rev. George Batchelor of Salem, were elected Resident Members.
Field meeting at Wakefield, Thursday, June 10, 1869.— The first Field Meeting the present season, was held in the pleasant town of Wakefield; the natural scenery is fine, the several ponds affording a most attractive feature, while the hills and valleys and plains form an agreeable variety to the landscape. Lake Quannapowit, whose southern shore is near the centre of the town, is about a mile long and half as wide, and its waters float many pleasure boats in great demand by lovers of fishing and sailing, and on its shores are — many groves and beautiful residences. Smith’s Pond in the south part of the town is of smaller dimensions, but possesses many inter- esting features. Cowdrey’s Hill and Hart’s Hill are among the highest elevations in the town, from which extensive and lovely views are obtained. The day proved auspicious, and a large number of mem- bers and friends were in attendance; the major portion left Salem at 10 A. M., while the others assembled from the various cities and towns in the immediate vicinity. On the arrival of the train from Sa- lem at the Water street crossing, the company left the cars, and were cordially welcomed by Edward Mansfield, Esq,, in behalf of the peo- ple of Wakefield. An invitation from Cyrus Wakefield, Esq., to visit his Rattan Factory was accepted, and to most of the company it was a novel sight, exciting astonishment at the magnitude of the estab- lishment, and admiration at the ingenious machinery and skilful oper- atives, and more than all at the exquisite beauty of the carpetings, chairs, baskets, canes, and many other useful