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Fronti

SOME KENTISH SPECIALITIES
Photograph by D. E. Wilson, and printed for Shell Research

to illustrate The Butterflies and Moths of Kent. For details of the specimens see page IV

All reproduced natural size.

THE

BUTTERFLIES
AND MOTHS
OF KENT

BY

J. M. CHALMERS-HUNT, F.R.E.S.

VOLUME III

HETEROCERA
( Geometridae-Sesiid ae)
AND

SUPPLEMENT

ARBROATH AND LONDON
1968-1981

« '''V

4

PREFACE

Besides the Supplement, this volume contains the Geometridae,
Hepialidae, Cossidae, Zygaenidae, Limacodidae and Sesiidae of
Kent, The total number of species in these Families pertaining to
the County is 287, of which 271 are accepted without reserve.
.Of these 271, 235 are natives or suspected natives, 18 are residents
or residents reinforced by immigration, 5 are immigrants or suspected
immigrants and 13 are species that my be classed as extinct. Of the re-
maining 16 species, 10 are placed within the reservation of square
brackets as of somewhat doubtful status and 6 are treated as in-
admissible. The present volume together with the Supplement thus
concludes the so-called macrolepidoptera.

The success of a work of this nature is so dependent on the
co-operation of others, that without this support I could never
consider its undertaking. However, having received such kindness
and encouragement from the very beginning, and never once been
refused information or help from anyone, I propose so long as
I am spared, to proceed in a similar manner by treating of the
rest of the Order, starting with the Pyraloidea and following on
to the end of the so-called microlepidoptera.

J. M. Chalmers-Hunt

West Wickham,
1st May 1981

IV

SOME KENTISH SPECIALITIES

(From J. M. Chalmers-Hunt Collection)

1

9

17

Silver-studded Blue:
Plebejus argus L. ssp.
cretaceus Tutt cT
Shepherdswell,
22.vi.1952

Marsh Fritillary:
Euphidryas aurinea
Rottemburg 9
“Kent vi. 03”

Black-veined Moth:
Siona lineata Scopoli
cf Goldwell Pit, Great
Chart, 15. vi. 197 2

2

10

18

Silver-studded Blue:
Plebejus argus L. ssp.
cretaceus Tutt.
cT uns.

Biggin Hill,
4.vii.l953

Marsh Fritillary:
Euphidryas aurinea
Rottemburg cf “Eastry
Kent 3.6.06
V.E.S [haw] ”

Barred Red: Hylaea
fasciaria L. ab.
prasinaria D. & S 9
Faggs Wood, Orlestone,
bred 18.vi.l978

3

11

19

Square-spot: Ectropis
consonaria Hbn. ab.
nigra Bankes (f
Mereworth Wood,
bred 1950

Feathered Ear:
Pachetra sagittigera
ssp. britannica Turner
cP Wye, 8.vi.l936

Bond’s Wainscot:
Photedes morrisii Dale
ssp. bondii Knaggscf
The Leas, Folkestone,
29.vi.1956

4

12

20

Annulet: Gnophos
obscuratus D. & S. ab.
fasciata Prout cf
Folkestone, 6.viii.
1950

Giant Ear: Hydraecia
osseola Staudinger ssp.
hucherardi Mabille
cf Romney Marsh,
10.ix.l955

Lesser Belle:
Colobochyla salicalis
D. &S.cf
Orlestone, vi.l948

5

13

21

Pigmy F ootm^n:EiIema
pygmaeola Doubleday
ssp. pallifrons Z •:/
Dungeness, 3. viii.1951

Poplar Lutestring:
Tethea or D. & S. ab.
permarginata Hasebk.
9 Bromley, bred
1929, W. A. Cope

Sussex Emerald:
Thalera fimbrialis
Scopoli 9

Dungeness, 4.viii.l965

6

14

22

Waved Carpet:

Hydrelia sylvata
D. & S. ab goodwini
Bankes 9 Maidstone,
bred vii.1907, W.A. Cope

Lunar Double-stripe:
Minucia lunaris D. & S.
cf Long Rope, Orlestone,
bred 4.vi.l949

Fiery Clearwing:
Bembecia chrysidi-
formis cf

Folkestone Warren.
2.vii.l950

7

15

23

Sharp-angled Wave:
Scopula nigropunctata
Hufnagel cf Orlestone,
28.vii.1960

Juniper Pug: Eupithecia
pusillata D. & S. ssp.
anglicata H.-S. cf
“Dover 1891”

Rest Harrow: Aplasta
ononaria Fuesslycf
Sandwich Bay,
l.vii.l960

8

16

24

Grass Eggar: Lasiocampa
trifolii D.&.S. ssp.
flava Chalmers-Hunt
O"* Dungeness, bred
viii.1951

Juniper Pug: Eupithecia
pusillata D. & S. ssp.
anglicata H.-S. 9
“Dover S. Webb”

Grass Eggar: Lasioc-
ampa trifolii D.& S. ssp.
flava Chalmers-Hunt
ab. obsoleta-flava
Tutt cf Dungeness,

bred viii.1951

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III

V

INTRODUCTION

More than 20 years have passed since The Butterflies and Moths
of Kent was first begun. Volume 1 has now become most difficult
to obtain, and Volume 2 is likewise out of print and much in de-
mand. As neither of the collected editions of these two volumes
is ever likely to be reprinted, I now issue with the present volume,
a revised introduction to that which appeared in Volume 1.

Kent occupies about 1570 square miles and at its nearest point
is distant only about 24 miles from France. The main feature of
the county is the central mass of chalk known as the North Downs,
which stretches from a little north of Westerham to the cliffs of
Dover. This extent is broken in three places by the valleys of the
rivers Darent, Medway and Stour, and the whole forms a natural
barrier through the county, dividing it into two rather unequal
portions. On the one side it slopes to seaward and the estuaries of
the Thames and Medway, and on the other it dips into the Weald
with its extensive woodland tracts that once formed part of the
great Forest of Anderida.

It is owing to these geographical and physical features that
embrace such a wide range of habitats; notably, the numerous and
extensive woods and marshes, chalk downland, sand dunes and
shingle beach, together with varied geological formations, large
extent of coastline and close proximity to tire Continent, that
Kent is foremost among the counties of the British Isles for the
great variety and richness of its lepidoptera.

The following signs and abbreviations are employed in The
Butterflies and Moths of Kent.

Topography

Signs and Abbreviations

ab.

B. & M. ofK.
BMNH

aberration.

The Butterflies and Moths of Kent.

British Museum (Nat. Hist.), South Ken-
sington.

Biological Records Centre, Monks Wood.

Records by courtesy of J. Heath.

Observations and records of the compiler.

collection.

determination.

division.

form.

genitalia.

Kent Biological Archives and Records
Centre, Maidstone Museum. Records by
courtesy of E. Philp.

B. R. C.

C.-H.

coll.

det.

div.

f.

gen.

KBARC

VI

ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 93

15.X.81

Kent Trust for Nature Conservation,
mercury vapour.

No date.

Observation, observations.

Rothschild-Cockayne-Kettlewell collection.

Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpen-

den, Herts. Records by courtesy of R.A.

French.

sub-species.

underside.

Signifies doubt as to the correct division into
which the record is placed.

Denotes that I have seen this particular
specimen, specimens or collection.

Signifies that a species so-enclosed is in-
admissible.

A record so-enclosed signifies doubt as to
its correctness, not amounting to certainty
of error. In any other context, square
brackets are used to enclose words, dates,
etc., suppUed and not occurring originally; or
they may be used to enclose a suspected
natural Kentish larval pabulum.

Delimitation of Divisions

The vice county deHmitation (vc.l5 and 16) is generally adhered
to. Hence, the boundary of the Metropolis is retained, and localities
now within the administrative Greater London Area, but which were
formerly in Kent are included in the present account.

The county is portioned into seventeen divisions (see map),
based primarily on ecological features, as outlined hereunder.

1 . Eocene soils of N. W. (suburban) Kent, north of the chalk
and west of the Darent.

2. Alluvial marshes of the Medway and Thames estuaries
from Woolwich to Seasalter and up the Medway to Allington lock,
including Sheppey. Above Hythe, only river banks are included.

3. The Eocene area (wooded) of N. E. Kent, i.e., the Blean —
N. and E. of Canterbury as far as Stour and also Bysing Wood near
Faversham.

4. Stour marshes from Fordwich weir to the sea at Reculver —
Minnis Bay and Deal — Pegwell.

5. Chalk of Darent.

6. Darent — Medway chalk.

6a. Areas of divisions 2 and 6 covered by tertiary deposits.

7. Medway — Stour chalk.

8. Stour — Channel coast chalk.

9. Thanet.

K.T.N.C.

m.v.

N.d.

Obs.

RCK

Rothamsted

s.sp.

uns.

*

t

[( )]

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III

VII

10. Darent basin, except chalk. Mostly gault and greensand.

11. Wealden Medway basin (non-tidal) as far S. as the N. edge
of Hastings sands.

12. Stour basin above Fordwich to Weald (no chalk).

13. Hastings beds of Medway.

14. Hastings beds of Rother.

15. Romney Marsh.

16. Channel terrace, Bilsington to Warren.

I take this opportunity to thank Dr. Francis Rose for this system
of delimitation.

Treatment of Records and Explanatory Notes

Records are generally presented according to the system of
ecological divisions outlined above. In order clearly to indicate the
earliest recorded occurrence of a species in any particular division,
I normally place such a record first, otherwise localities are not
as a rule arranged in any special sequence within their respective
divisions.

When there are more than one record for a particular locality,
such usually follow one another chronologically, so as to indicate
continuance of a species there. I have from time to time entered
one or more references to a record beside the original one, when
these contain additional information of interest. On the other hand,
I have somtimes supplied with a record, information not to be found
at the reference cited.

Records are usually listed chronologically throughout in the
case of extinct or immigrant species.

So far as is known, all records refer to feral imagines unless
otherwise stated.

For a generally distributed and common species, a list of all the
localities from which it has been noted is not given, since this could
amount virtually to a gazeteer of the county, but the divisions for
which it has been recorded are stated. Likewise, for a species that is
abundant in certain parts but relatively rare in others, it may be
necessary only to enumerate the local! tites in some, but not in all
the divisions from which it has been recorded. It should be borne
in mind, however, that because certain areas have been well worked,
whereas others are comparatively neglected, this has had the effect
sometimes of giving a false idea of distribution.

It has been my practice generally throughout this work, pur-
posely to omit from it all unpublished reports of a doubtful nature
as being unworthy of perpetuation. However, published dubious
records relating to Kent and references to doubtful species in the
county are mentioned, if only to draw attention to the fact that I
am aware of their existence in the literature. Notable exceptions to
this general rule concern Scott (1964), so many of whose records are
erroneous or suspect that to cite them all would be tedious and serve
no useful purpose. Similarly, I had perforce to disregard to some
extent the map distribution records in Heath et al.. The Moths and
Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland, vols. 1 & 9.

VIII ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 93 15.X.81

Assessment of Relative Frequency.

Since this is a compilation from the writings and records of
many observers, terms used to denote relative frequency may not
satisfactorily represent the facts. Hence, such expressions as common,
abundant, rare, etc. may have only a limited value.

Natural Foodplants and Foodstuffs.

Unless specified to the contrary, it is always the natural Kent
pabulum that is given. In the absence of such information, I have
sometimes included within square brackets a food for a species when
there were good indications that this was its natural pabulum in
Kent.

Notes on some Localities

The following is an annotated selection of some of the more
interesting localities for lepidoptera in the county. I have also
drawn attention to certain localities included here where a writer
may use a different name from that employed by someone else for
the same locality; or alternatively, where two or more localities
in the same area may be disguised under one name.

Birch Wood (502688). Formerly a locality of some extent,
but of which no part now remains. Much worked during the first
half of the 19tli century, thougli hardly noticed since 1860. Was
famous for the annual festivals of the Entomological Club, held
at the Bull Inn, Birch Wood Corner; also, for many interesting
species including the Kentish Glory (Endromis versicolora L.).
The locality must not be confused with Birch Wood (384642),
also in division 1, for which there are comparatively few records,
and to distinguish it from the above is referred to in this work as
“Birch Wood near West Wickham”.

Blean or Blean Woods. Situated in division 3, may refer to any
part of the contiguous stretch of woodland extending from Dunkirk
in the west to Hoath in the east. Blean is famous as the principal
locality in Britain for the Heath Fritillary (Mellicta athalia Rottem-
burg) which, if it is to continue to thrive here, is dependent on
periodic coppicing and the resulting growth of Cow-wheat (Mela-
mpyrum pratense) produced in the woodland clearings so formed.
At the present time this butterfly seems to be holding its own, with
some six colonies known to occur over quite a wide area, one of
which in 1980 was estimated to contain a population of a few
thousand insects. However, vast numbers of conifers are being
planted here, and this presents the greatest threat to the survival of
this insect.

Chevening. Lort-Phillips alias Frederick Gillett recorded his home
captures under ‘Shootfield’, the name of his house at Chevening,
under which place-name, they are referred to hereafter.

“Dartford'\ In the Victoria County History (1908), this fre-
quently refers to Darenth Wood, sometimes to Hartford Heath,
occasionally to Dartford Marshes.

Plate 4 {above) Saltmarsh, Nagden. Plate 5 {below) Deciduous woodland;
predominently oak and aspen, Orlestone.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III IX

Dungeness. Consists of the largest shingle beach in Europe
and extends almost to the small town of Lydd. As an entomological
mecca, much of the locality has recently been spoilt owing to
extensive gravel extraction and the presence of the nuclear power
station. The area about the “Long Pond” is still intact however
(though one wonders for how much longer it will remain so), and
continues to produce such specialities as the attractive pale race
of the Grass Eggar, Lasiocampa trifolii D. & S. ^.^p.flava Chalmers-
Hunt, perhaps now found nowhere else in the world; an excep-
tionally fine race of the Dark Tussock, Dasychira fascelina L.; and
the following, at least three of which occur nowhere else in Britain:
Eilema pygmaeola Doubleday s.sp. pallifrons Z., Hadena albimacula
Borkhausen, Thalera fimbrialis Scopoli, Calophasia lunula Hufnagel,
Coleophora otitae Z. and lately, Clostera anachoreta D. & S.

Folkestone Warren. Maritime calcareous escarpment with
chalky hollows and undercliff. Classic entomological terrain now
becoming increasingly overgrown with scrub and much in need of
conservation management. The sole British locality for the Fiery
Clearwing (Bembecia chrysidiformis Esper). Other local specialities
include Apamea furva D. & S. s.sp. britannica Cockayne and Stan-
fussiana lucernea L. (both of which favour the higher ground),
Trichopteryx polycommata D. & S., Selania leplastriana Curtis,
Agonopterix pallorella Z. and Caloptilia cuculipennella Huebner.

Ham Fen (336548). An uncultivated valley fen on chalk with
mixed carr. “Ham ponds” and “Ham marshes” — the latter not to be
confused with Ham Marshes, Faversham (in div. 2), are synonymous.
This is the only recorded locality in Kent for Anticollix sparsata
Treitschke, also for the extinct Idaea muricata Hufnagel. For an
account of the topography and vegetation of Ham Fen, see Rose,
Journal of Ecology, 1950,38: 292-302.

Ham Street Woods (National Nature Reserve). Mainly oak
standards, with hornbeam, some ash and hazel coppice. Not to be
confused with Orlestone Forest (see below). Comparatively little
entomologising has been done here as yet, but owing to good
management, the locality is deserving of attention.

Hothfield Bog (969459). Forms part of a Local Nature Reserve
managed by the K.T.N.C. The only known Kentish locality for
Hypenodes turfosalis Wocke and Crambus uliginosellus Z.

Kings Wood (035505) in division 7, should not be confused
with Kings Wood (830510) in division 1 1 .

Nagden Marshes, Faversham. Best locality is Castle Coote,
situated in the South Swale Local Nature Reserve (035648), owned
and administered by the K.T.N.C. Consists of saltmarsh and sea-wall
grass with mixed herb associations. A breeding ground of Mala-
cosoma castrensis L., Mythimna favicolor Barrett, Scopula emutaria
Huebner, Eucosma heringiana Jackh and other interesting saltmarsh
species. Entry only by permission of the K.T.N.C.

Orlestone Forest. Commonly known as “Ham Street” (Forestry
Commission; part K.T.N.C. Reserve), and mainly comprising Long
Rope, Faggs Wood, Birchett Wood and Burnt Oak. Damp mixed
woodland on Weald clay plateau with oak standards, coppiced aspen.

X ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 93

birch, sallow etc., interspersed with heathy patches, grassy and
flowery rides containing an abundance of golden-rod, scabious and
other attractive plants. These conditions were much more prevalent
formerly, since when owing to the effects of drainage, poison sprays
and extensive conifer planting, much of the character of the wood
has changed.

Still one of the finest localities in Britain for woodland lepi-
doptera, at least two of which occur here and nowhere else, notably
the Lesser Belle (Colobochyla salicalis D. & S.) and the Sharp-angled
Wave {Scapula nigropunctata Hufnagel). The locality is also of great
interest for the number of comparatively rare species that occur here
in relative plenty, though some of these have shown a marked
decline in recent years.

Reinden Wood (220415). This is synonymous with Rain-
dean Wood and Uphill Wood.

'‘Royal Oak'\ J. J. Walker MS. referred to numerous species
from here. The locality is situated in the north of the Isle of
Sheppey.

Sandwich Bay and Deal Sandhills. The biggest sand dune system
in S. E. England, now restricted to a narrow belt, about six miles
long, of maritime sand dune, its vegetation flattened in places by
hoards of trippers. Formerly the area extended some distance inland,
until much of it was converted into golf courses or, to use Tutfs
expression, a “playground”. Paradoxically, though, this has helped
to conserve it, since some of the most productive areas consist of
golf course “rough”. During the present century, people have
mostly worked the northern end, i.e. “Sandwich”. The whole
area is one of the richest entomologically and the following are
but a few of the more notable species: Eilemma pygmaeola s.sp.
pygmaeola Doubleday, Aplasta ononaria Fuessly, Idaea ochrata
Scopoli s.sp. cantiata Prout, Crombrugghia distans Z., Phyllono-
rycter quinqueguttella Stainton, Caryocolum blandulella Tutt and
Stigmella repen tiella Wolff.

Tenterden. The records for here in Stainton Mzw. are those of
the Rev. S. C. Tress Beale, and mostly refer to Knock Wood
(895352).

Wateringbury . Goodwin used this place-name loosely to cover
Mereworth Wood (650555) and other localities within a few miles of
his house. Cannon Court, Wateringbury.

West Wickham Wood (380649), otherwise Spring Park, is partly
in Surrey. A well- worked and productive locality during the 19th
century, now much overgrown. It is seldom possible to say to which
county most of the early records refer, so for the sake of conve-
nience, the whole wood is treated as if in Kent.

Wye Crown (073466). Chalk-pit and downs. An historic
locality, and the last known habitat of the Feathered Ear {Pachetra
sagittigera Hufnagel, s.sp. britannica Turner).

Nomenclature

This essentially follows the revised edition by J. D. Bradley,
D. S. Fletcher and P. E. S. Whalley, of the Lepidoptera part of
Kloet & Hincks A Check List of British Insects (1972).

!:e 6 {above) Acid bog with heath, Hothfield. Plate 7 {below) Chalk pit and downs, Wye.

Plate 8 {above) Shingle beach, Dungeness. Plate 9 {below) Oak and chestnut coppice,
West Blean; haunt of the Heath Fritillary.

*

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III

XI

Some “Lost” and Declining Species among the
Macrolepidoptera

Among the many factors associated with the numerous changes
that have taken place within the county over the past thirty years,
and the effects of which have been detrimental to the lepidoptera
are: (1) Changes in forestry practices, including the wholesale
destruction of deciduous woodland and excessive coniferisation (2)
Draining of marshland and wet woodland (3) Changes in agricultural
practices, including the ploughing of chalk downland, stubble
burning and hedgerow destruction (4) Intense human trampling of
sand dunes and the associated flora (5) Suspected ill-effects of
climatic changes (6) Building, gravel extraction and the dumping of
industrial waste (7) Indirectly, the deleterious effects of myxo-
matosis on micro habitats (8) Infilling of quarries and pits (9) Rank
scrub growth (10) Poison sprays (11) Dutch elm disease (12)
Destruction of lichens by atmospheric pollution and from wall
clearing.

As a result of these and other factors^ there has been a marked
falling off in the numbers of many resident or native lepidoptera
during this period, and the undermentioned species are noteworthy
in this respect. Those in the first category (a) are either known or
suspected of being present at a greatly reduced level of density. Those
in the second category (b) on the other hand, have declined to such
a degree as may be thought to have become extinct, and the year in
brackets after each of these species indicates its last known occur-
rence in Kent.

{2) Hesperia comma h., Strymonidia w-album Knoch, Hamearis
lucina L., Ladoga Camilla L., Boloria selene D. & S., B. euphrosyne
L., Argynnis paphia L., Hipparchia semele L., Hemaris fuciformis
L., Harpy ia bifida Brahm, Atolmis rubricollis L., Eilema sororcula
Hufnagel, Parasemia plantaginis L., Callimorpha dominula L.,
Meganola strigula D. & S., Cucullia gnaphalii Huebner, Momaf alpium
Osbeck, Cryphia muralis Forster, Cosmia diffinis L., Catocala
promissa D. & S., C. sponsa L., Tyta luctuosa D. & S. Polypogon
strigilata L., Aplasta ononaria Fuessly, Thetidia smaragdaria F.s.sp.
maritima Prout, Thalera fimbrialis Scopoli, Cyclophora porata L,
Lampropteryx suffumata D. & S., Chloroclysta siterata Hufnagel,
Thera firmata Huebner, Colostygia olivata D. & S., Rheumaptera
cervinalis Scopoli, Trichop teryx polycommata D. & S., Boarmia
roboraria D. & S., Cleorodes lichenaria Hufnagel, Siona lineata
Scopoli, Adscita geryon Huebner, Zygaena trifolii Esper s.sp.
palustrella Verity.

^But not collecting^ by leisure entomologists, which appears to have had no
in-effect whatsoever on the county’s lepidoptera, but on the contrary has
provided a wealth of precious data, much of which will be invaluable for
conservation purposes.

XII

ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 93

(b) Theda betulae L. (1971), Plebejus argus L. s.sp. cretaceus
Tutt (1976), Apatura iris L. {l961),Argynnis adippe D. & S. (1971),
Hemaris tityus L. (1958), Eriogaster lanestris L. (1951), Pachetra
sagittigera Hufnagel s,sp. britannica Turner (1963), Jodia croceago

D. & S. (1954), Lithacodia deceptoria Scopoli (1956), Catocala
fraxini L. (1964), Minucia lunaris D. & S. (1958), Minoa murinata
Scopoli (1955), Perconia strigillaria Huebner (1958), Adscita globu-
lariae Huebner (1947), Zygaena trifolii Esper s.sp. decreta Verity
(1957).

Some Published and Manuscript Sources

N.B. — The present location (if known) of an unpublished item
appears in brackets after each such entry.

Arnold, Robert Pocock. Arnold (GM.B.) R. Pocock, the Gravesend
Historian, Naturalist. . . and Printer, 1883.

Barrett, Br. Lep. C. G. Barrett, Lepidoptera of the British Isles,
1893-1907.

Beale, Diary. Rev. S. C. Tress Beale (1832-1885), of Tenterden and
Alkham, c. 1855. Transcript of extracts from MS. Diary per
G.V. BuU. (J.M.C.-H., West Wickham).

Bowes, Diary. A. J. L. Bowes (1913-1942), of Herne Bay. MS. Diary
and Notes, 1 1 vols. (Library, Dept, of Entomology, BMNH. By
courtesy of the Trustees).

Bull, Diary. Dr. G. V. Bull (1873-1959), of Sandhurst, Kent. MS.

Diary and Notes, 13 vols., 1921-58 (J.M.C.-H., West Wickham).
Busbridge, Diary. W. E. Busbridge (1904-1978), of Dover and
Sevenoaks. MS. Diary, 1 vol.

Cardew, Diary. Col. P. A. Cardew ( -1954) MS. Diary. (J.M.C.-H.,

West Wickham).

Chaney (1884-87). W. Chaney, List of Macro- Lepidoptera occurring
in the Rochester and Chatham District. Rochester Nat., 1884:
85-92 et seq.

Cue MS. P. Cue (1877-1971). MS. Notes for Ashford and Folkestone
district in an interleaved copy of Scott (1950). (J.M.C.-H., West
Wickham).

Diary of the Society of the Entomologists of London, 1980-82
MS. (Royal Entomological Society of London. By courtesy of
the Librarian).

E. & Y. (1949). B. Embry and G. H. Youden, Butterflies and Moths

found in the Dover and Deal district. Dover.

Embry, Diary. B. Embry (1898-1963) MS. Diary (By courtesy of
G. H. Youden, 18, Castle Avenue, Dover).

Earn MS. A. B. Earn (1841-1921). MS. Notes in an interleaved copy
of Newman’s Illustrated Natural History of British Moths (1 869),
2 vols. Those for Kent are mainly for Greenhithe, where he
operated an enormous light trap during the 1890’s (J.M.C.-H.,
West Wickham).

Fenn, Diary. C. Fenn (1840-1925) MS. Diary, 1859-1916, 15 vols.
(Royal Entomological Society of London. By courtesy of the
Librarian).

LEPIDOPTERA OE KENT, III

XIII

Fig. 1. J. F. Stephens
(1792-1852)

Fig. 2. J. W. Tutt
(1858-1911)

Fig. 3. C. Fenn
(1840-1925)

Fig. 4. H. C. Huggins
(1891-1977)

XIV

ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 93

Fig. 6. G. H. Youden
(1903- )

Fig. 5. A. J. L. Bowes
(1913-1942)

Fig. 7. A. M. Morley
(1879-1972)

Fig. 8. J. M. Chalmers-Hunt
(1920- )

XV

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III

Fenn, Lep. Data. C. Fenn MS., 2 vols. (Two copies: (1) library,
Dept, of Entomology, BMNH. (2) Royal Entomological Society
of London. By courtesy of the Librarian).

Frampton MS. Rev. R. E. E. Erampton, of Halstead, Kent. MS.
Notes per S. Wakely.

Erohawk, Diary. E. W. Frohawk (1861-1946) MS. Diary and Notes,
2 vols., 1880-90 (J.M.C.-H., West Wickham).

Gilles, Diary. W.S. Gilles (1876-1938) MS. Diary, 1895-1938, 4 vols.,
by courtesy of the late R. Greenslade (Library, Royal Ento-
mological Society of London).

Gillett, Diary. E. Gillett alias Lort-Phillips, of Chevening. MS. Diary
and Notes, 1912-1923, 2 vols. (Library, Dept, of Entomology,
BMNH. By courtesy of the Trustees).

Given (1946). Royal Tunbridge Wells, Past and Present, edited by
J.C.M. Given. Lepidoptera, pp. 138-149 by E.D. Morgan.

Gomm, Diary. H. G. Gomm ( -1934), of Westbrook, Margate. MS.

Diary, 1915-1934.

Goodwin MS. E. Goodwin (1867-1934), of Wateringbury. MS.
Notebook. (Maidstone Museum, by courtesy of E. Philp).

Harris, Diary. P. E. Harris (1892-1957), of Margate and Whitstable.
MS. Diary and Notebooks, 1931-1950 (Eolkestone Museum,
by courtesy of the Curator).

Hedges, Diary. A. V. Hedges (1893-1957). MS. Diary and Notes,
4 vols. (Dept, of Entomology, BMNH. By courtesy of the
Trustees).

Hickling MS. G. H. Hickhng ( -1895), of Sidcup. MS. Notes in a

copy of E. Newman’s Illustrated Natural History of British
Moths (By courtesy of C. G. Bruce, 16, Harland Rd., Lee,
London, S.E.12).

Jackson, Diary. Capt. R. A. Jackson (1890-1 969) MS. Diary, 1902-
1969, 10 vols. (British Entomological and Natural History
Society. By courtesy of the Librarian).

Juby & Hards (1925). British Woodlands as Illustrated by Lessness
Abbey Woods, edited by St. J. Marriott. Lepidoptera, pp.60-66
by J. Juby and C. H. Hards.

Kidner, Diary; Kidner MS. A. R. Kidner ( -1948), of Sidcup.

MS. Diary and Notes, 1905-1947, 7 vols. (J.M.C.-H., West
Wickham).

Knaggs (1870). H. G. Knaggs. List of Macro-Lepidoptera occurring
in the neighbourhood of Folkestone.

Knipe (1916). Tunbridge Wells and Neighbourhood, edited by
H. R. Knipe. Lepidoptera by E. D. Morgan.

Lanfear, Diary. A. H. Lanfear, of Ramsgate. MS. Diary (J.M.C.-H.,
West Wickham).

Marsh, Diary, D.G. Marsh (1891-1969), of Herne Bay and littlebourne.
MS. Diary, 1947-1953, 2 vols. (library, British Entomological
and Natural HistorySociety).

Morgan, E. D., Lepidoptera of Tunbridge Wells MS. 3 vols., 1946
(Tunbridge WeUs Museum. By courtesy of the Curator).

Morley (1931). A. M. Morley, List of Butterflies and Moths occur-
ring in the Neighbourhood of Folkestone.

XVI ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 93

Morley, Diary. A. M. Morley (1879-1972), of Folkestone. MS.
Diary and Notes. 16vols., 1927-1972 (J.M.C.-H., West Wickham).

Melvill, J. C. , Compendium Entomologicum Manuscript Journal.
MS. Account of his collecting excursions, 1865-76 (% courtesy
of E. W. Classey).

Morris, Diary. S. Morris (1870-1943). MS. Diary and Notebooks,
1887-1943, 40 vols. Morris moved from Sussex to Sturry, Kent
in 1936. (Library, Dept, of Entomology, BMNH. By courtesy of
the Trustees).

Newman, Young England. E. Newman, A Natural History of All the
British Butterflies, Young England, Butterfly Number (1860).

Newman, Br. Moths. E. Newman, Illustrated Natural History of
Bri tish Moth s, 1869.

Newman, Br. Butts. E. Newman, Illustrated Natural History of
British Butterflies, 1871.

Purdey MS. W. Purdey (1844-1922), of Folkestone. MS. Notebook
of “Deltoides, Pyrales, Pterophorides and Tortrices” of Folke-
stone and Deal District. (J.M.C.-H, West Wickham).

Rothamsted. Rothamsted Record Cards (Rothamsted Experimental
Station, Harpenden, Herts. (By courtesy of R.A. French).

Scott (1936) E. Scott, List of Butterflies and Moths occurring in
the neighbourhood of Ashford. Ashford.

Scott (1950) E. Scott, List of Butterflies and Moths occurring in
the neighbourhood of Ashford. Second Edition. Ashford.

Scott (1964) E. Scott, Annotated List of Lepidoptera (Macro and
Micro) occurring in the neighbourhood of Ashford. Trans. Kent
Eld. Cl. 2. Maidstone.

Scott, Diary. Dr. E. Scott (1887-1964). of Ashford. MS. Diary,
12 vols, 1952-63 (J.M.C.-H., West Wickham).

Stainton, Man. H. T. Stainton, Manual of British. Butterflies and
Moths, 2 vols., 1856-59.

Stephens, Haust. J. F. Stephens, Illustrated Natural History of
British Insects, vols. 1-4: Haustellata, 1828-1834.

Stockwell, Diary. H. D. Stockwell, of Dover, MS. Diary (By courtesy
of G. H. Youden, 18, Castle Avenue, Dover).

Tompkins, MS. H. Tompkins MS. Notes, 1858-60 (Dept, of Ento-
mology, BMNH. By courtesy of the Trustees).

Tutt, Br. Noct. J. W. Tutt, British Noctuae and their Varieties,
4 vols., 1891-92.

Tutt, Br. Butts. J. W. Tutt, British Butterflies, 1896.

Tutt, Br. Lep. J. W. Tutt, Natural History of the British Lepidoptera,
9 vols., 1899-1914.

Ullyett (1880). H. Ullyett, Rambles of a Naturalist Round Folke-
stone.

V.C.H. (1908). Victoria History of the County of Kent, edited
W. Page. Lepidoptera, pp. 178-208 by H. Goss and B.A. Bower.

S. Wacher MS. Sydney Wacher, of Canterbury. MS. Notebook per
P. B. Wacher.

Walker MS. Commander J. J. Walker (1851-1939) MS. Notebook.
(Hope Dept, of Entomology, Oxford. By courtesy of the
Librarian).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III

XVII

Webb (1891). Dover, Deal and District Descriptive Pictorial . Lepido-
ptera [pp. 5-1 1 by S. Webb] (The only copy known to me is
in Dover Public Library).

Webb (1899). British Association Handbook to Dover, edited by S.
Evans and F. Bennet-Golding. Lepidoptera, pp. 108-111 by S.
Webb.

Wells, Diary. H. 0. Wells MS. Diary, 3 vols., 1903-1933. (J.M.C.-H.,
West Wickham).

Williams et al. (1942). C. B. Williams et al.. Studies in the Migration
of Lepidoptera. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond., 92(1): 101-283.

Wool. Surv. (1909). Survey and Record of Woolwich and West Kent,
edited by C. H. Grindling et. al. Lepidoptera, pp. 333-420,
edited by J. W. Tutt.

Some Collections Cited

Note; The present location (if known) appears in brackets
after each entry.

Alderson coll. Hope Alderson (fl. 1890), of Farnborough (Bromley
Public Library, by courtesy of the Librarian. Removed to
Orpington Public Library).

J. P. Barrett coll. J. Platt Barrett (1838-1916), of Margate (Horni-
man’s Museum, Forest Hill. By courtesy of the Curator).

Bostock coll. E. D. Bostock ( -1953), of Folkestone. (Auctioned

28.10,9.12.1953).

Bowes coll. A. J. L. Bowes (1913-1942), of Herne Bay. (Dept,
of Entomology, BMNH. By courtesy of the Trustees).

Br. Mus., S. Kensington; BMNH coll. The General Collection of
British Lepidoptera, BMNH (Dept, of Entomology, British
Museum (Nat. Hist.), South Kensington. By courtesy of the
Trustees).

Bull coll. Dr. G. V. Bull (1873-1959), of Sandhurst.

Buxton coll. Prof. P.A. Buxton (1892-1955) and D. J. A. Buxton,
of Shipbourne. (Auctioned 26.11.1952).

C.-H. coll. J. M. Chalmers-Hunt (1, Hardcourts Close, West Wickham).

Cope coll. Wilfred A. Cope ( -c. 1954), of Bromley.

Gillett coll. F. Gillett alias Lort-PhUlips (fl. 1910-1922), of Cheven-
ing (in BMNH coU.).

Gomm coll. H. G. Gomm, of Westbrook, Margate.

Goodwin coll. E. Goodwin (1867-1934), (Maidstone Museum.
By courtesy of E. Philp).

Hare coll. Edgar J. Hare (1884-1969), of Pinden. (Manchester
Museum).

Harris coll. P. F. Harris (1892-1951), of Whitstable and Margate
(Folkestone Museum. By courtesy of the Curator).

Huggins coll. H. C. Huggins (1891-1977), of Gravesend, Faversham,
Sittingbourne and Margate. (Dept, of Entomology, British
Museum (Nat. Hist.), South Kensington).

Hunt coU. J. W. C. and R. P. A. Hunt, of Ramsgate.

Lort-Philhps coll, see Gillett.

XVIII

ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 93

Maidstone Mus. General Collections of British Lepidoptera, includ-
ing H. Elgar, R. H. Fremlin and other small collections. (Maid-
stone Museum. By courtesy of E. Philp).

Marsh coll. Dudley G. Marsh (1891-1969), of Herne Bay and Little-
bourne.

Nottle coll. E. Nottle, of South Norwood, London. (Beckenham
Town Hall. By courtesy of the Town Clerk).

RCK. The Rothschild-Cockayne-Kettlewell coll. (Dept, of Ento-
mology, British Museum (Nat. Hist.), S. Kensington. By courtesy
of the Trustees).

Small coll. F. A. Small ( -c. 1937), of Canterbury. (Beaney

Institute, Canterbury. By courtesy of the Curator).

South London Entomological Society coll. General Collections of
British Lepidoptera (British Entomological and Natural History
Society, 74 South Audley Street, London Wl. By courtesy
of Curator).

Stockwell coll. H. D. Stockwell, of Dover (Dover Museum. By
courtesy of the Curator).

Wakely coll. S. H. Wakely (1892-1976), of Ruskin Park, London,
SE. (Cambridge University, Dept, of Entomology, Downing
Street, Cambridge).

Walker coll. Commander J. J. Walker (1851-1939) (Hope Dept, of
Entomology, University Museum, Oxford. By courtesy of the
Curator).

Youden coll. George H. Youden, of Dover (16, Castle Avenue, Dover).

Acknowledgements

On completion of the macrolepidoptera portion of The Butter-
flies and Moths of Kent, I now express my deep appreciation and
gratitude to everyone who has in one way or another so far contri-
buted to its success.

I do especially thank the many people who have supplied me
with records, every one of the many thousands of these included
in this work being acknowledged in full with the name of the
authority concerned. I likewise thank those who kindly identified
material, and all who graciously made available to me specimens,
collections, manuscripts, photographs and literature, and whose
names appear from time to time throughout the main body of the
work or are cited above.

With regard to the illustrations for this book, I offer my grateful
thanks to the following for their help so generously and freely
given. Mr. E. S. Bradford, who prepared, and when necessary,
re-photographed for reproduction the portraits of entomologists.
Mrs. Jessie Eburne, who went to great pains to photograph the
various locaHties. Mr. D. E. Wilson, for producing the original
coloured photograph for the frontispiece, Mr. P. J. Jewess
for arranging for its reproduction, and Mr. K. Attwood of Shell
Research for printing it.

I desire to aclmowledge gratefully my indebtedness to those
hereunder, for information and assistance. Members of the Staff

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III

XIX

of the Department of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History),
South Kensington, in particular Mr. D. S. Fletcher, Mr. D. J. Carter,
Mr. W. G. Tremewan and Miss Pamela Gilbert; Mr. A. F. Amsden
(Department of Zoology, National Museum of Wales, Cardiff);
Mr. R. A. French (Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden);
Mr. E. Taylor (Hope Department of Entomology, University
Museum, Oxford); the Members of Staff of the Institute of Terres-
trial Ecology, Biological Records Centre, Monks Wood; Mrs. B. G.
Leonard (Librarian, Royal Entomological Society of London);
Mr. D. Read, and the late Mr. A. L. Goodson (Tring Museum).

Finally, I am most grateful to the undermentioned for the
use of six of the eight portraits here shown, the figure numbers of
which appear in brackets after their names. Mr. C. MacKechnie-
Jarvis (fig. 1); the Council of the Royal Entomological Society of
London (fig. 3); the Trustees of the British Museum (Natural
History) (fig. 5); Mr. G. H. Youden (fig. 6); Miss Joan Morley
(fig. 7); and, the Rank Organisation, (fig. 8).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III

INDEX

The Index includes Family names, Generic names, and Specific
names, with synonyms of Specific names in italic.

abbreviata, 110,206
abietaria, D., 161
abietaria, E., 90
Abraxas, 127,268
Abrostola, 261
abruptaria, 159
absinthiata, 96, 205
absinthii, 248
Acasis, 126, 168
accentifera, 260
aceris, 252
Acherontia, 229
Achlya, 241
Acronicta, 252
Actinotia, 242
adippe, 223
adustata, 130
advenaria, 135, 268
Adscita, 182
Aegeria, 195
aegeria, 225
aerugula, 238
aescularia, 2
aesculi, 180
aestivaria, 7, 198
Aethalura, 167
affinis, 254
affinitatum, 81, 204
agathina, 244
agestis, 217
Aglais, 220
aglaja, 223
Agriopis, 158, 269
Agrius, 229
Agrochola, 250
Agrotis, 241
albipunctata, 99
albicillata, 50, 201
albicolon, 245
albimacula, 246
albipuncta, 246
albipunctata, 11, 198
albonigrata, 266
albovenosa, 252
albula, 238
albulata. A., 120
albulata, P.,84, 204, 267
alchemiUata, 82, 204
Aids, 161
Aleucis, 171
algira, 261

Allophyes, 249
alni, 252
alniaria, 144
alpium, 251
Alsophila, 2
alternaria, 131
alternata, 45, 201
amata, 15
ambigua, 258
Amphipoea, 256
Amphipyra, 253
anachoreta, 233
Anaplectoides, 244
andrenaeformis, 193
Angerona, 150
annulata, 10, 198
Anthocharis, 214
anthraciniformis, 193
Anticlea, 48
AnticoUix, 116
antiopa, 221
antiqua, 233
Apamea, 254
Apatura, 220
Apeira, 139, 268
Aphantopus, 228
apiciaria, 138
apiformis, 189, 270
Aplasta, 2, 264
Aplocera, 117
Apocheima, 151
Apoda, 188
Aporia, 213
Aporophyla, 248
aprUina, 249
Archanara, 257
Archiearis, 1
Arctia, 237
ARCTIIDAE, 234
Arenostola, 257
argentea, 248
argiolus, 218
argus, 217
Argynnis, 223
Aricia, 217
armigera, 259
asella, 189, 209, 270
Aspitates, 176, 269
assimilata, 97
Asthena, 120
atalanta, 220

Atethmia, 25 1
athalia, 224
Atolmis, 235
atomaria, 168
atrata, 119
atropos, 229
augur, 243
aurago, 251
aurantiaria, 158, 269
aurinia, 224
auroraria, 23
australis, 248
australis, 213
autumnaria, 148
autumnata, 79, 204
Autographa, 260
avellana, 188
aversata, 30, 200

badiata, 48
bankiana, 259
barbalis, 263
batis, 240
beUargus, 218
Bembecia, 196, 270
bembeciformis, 190,209
Bena, 260
berbera, 253
berberata, 70
betulae, 215
betularia, 156, 208,269
biangulata, 77
bicolorana, 260
bicuspis, 231
bidentata, 148, 207
bifaciata, 83, 204, 267
bifida, 231
bilineata, 47, 201
bilunaria, 146
bimaculata, 170, 269
bipunctaria, 42
biren, 264
biselata, 26
Biston, 155, 269
bistortata, 164, 208
biundularia, 164
blandiata, 84
Boarmia, 162
Boloria, 222
bombycina, 244
boreata, 81

brassicae, 214
britannica=variata,
62,202, 266
brumata, 79
brunnea, 244
brunnearia, 160
brunneata, 133
Bupalus, 168

Cabera, 169
caja, 237
c-album, 222
Callimorpha, 238
Callophrys, 214
Calophasia, 248
Camilla, 219
Campaea, 172
Camptogramma, 47
caniola, 235
capucina, 232
cardamines, 214
cardui, 220
carmelita, 232
carpinata, 125
castigata, 100
castrensis, 239
Catarhoe, 44, 266
Catocala, 261
Celaena, 257
Celastrina, 218
celerio, 231
centaureata, 94, 205
centonalis, 238
centrago, 25 1
Cepphis, 135, 268
Cerapterix, 246
cervinalis, 72, 203
characterea, 255
chenopodiata, 42, 201
Chesias, 116
Chilodes, 258
chloerata, 206, 268
Chlorissa, 7
Chloroclysta, 57
Chloroclystis, 114, 268
christyi, 78, 204
chrysidiformis, 197
chrysitis, 260
chrysoprasaria, 9, 198
chrysorrhoea, 234
Cidaria, 60
cinctaria, 161
cinerea, 241
citrago, 251
citrata, 59, 202, 266
clathrata, 133
clavaria, 48

INDEX
Cleora, 161
Cleorodes, 164
clorana, 260
clorosata, 136
Clostera, 233
c-nigrum, 244
Coenobia, 257
Coenonympha, 228
Colias, 212
Colobochyla, 262
Colostygia, 64
Colotois, 150
comes, 242
Comibaena, 5
comitata, 51, 201
comma, 211
complana, 236
compta, 245
concolor, 256
confusalis, 238
Conistra, 250
Conopia, 193, 270
consignata, ^2
consonaria, 166, 269
consortaria, 163
conspicillaris, 246
contigua, 245
convolvuli, 229
coridon, 218
coronata, 114
corylata, 63, 202
Coscinia, 236
Cosmia, 254
Cosmorhoe, 53, 266
COSSIDAE, 180
Cossus, 182
cossus, 182
Costaconvexa, 47
costaestrigalis, 263
Craniophora, 252
crassa, 242
crassa, 243
crassalis, 263
crataegi, A. 213
crataegi, T., 239
crenata. 255
crepuscularia, 165
cribraria, 236
cribrumalis, 264
Crocallis, 149
croceago, 250
croceus, 213
Cryphia, 252
Ctenoplusia, 260
cuculata, 45, 201, 266
Cucullia, 248
cucuUina, 232

II

culiciformis, 195
cultraria, 240
Cupido, 216
cursoria, 241
curtula, 233
Cybosia, 235
Cyclophora, 10, 265
Cynthia, 220

dahlii, 244
DANAIDAE, 228
Danaus, 228
Daphnis, 230
Dasychira, 234
dealba ta, 175
debiliata, 115
deceptoria, 259
decimalis, 246
defoliaria, 159, 208
Deilephila, 230
Deilep tenia, 161
Deltote, 259
denotata, 100, 205
dentaria, 146, 207
deplana, 236
derivalis, 264
derivata, 49, 201
designata, 37
Diachrysia, 260
Diacrisia, 237
Diaphora, 237
Diarsia, 244
Dichonia, 249
didymata, 86
diffinis, 254
dilutata, 78, 204
dimidiata, 27
dispar, 234
dissoluta, 257
distinctata, 171, 208
ditrapezium, 244
divisa, 252
dodoneata, 110, 267
dolobraria, 137,207,268
dominula, 238
Drepana, 240
DREPANIDAE, 240
dubitata, 74, 203
duplaris, 241
Dy pterygia, 253
Dyscia, 177
Dysgonia, 261

Earias, 260
Ecliptopera, 56, 266
Ectropis, 164, 269
efformata, 118

Ill

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III

Egira, 246
Elaphria, 258
Eilema, 235
Electrophaes, 63
elinguaria, 149, 207
elpenor, 230
emarginata, 29, 200
Ematurga, 168
emortualis, 264
emutaria, 20, 199
Enargia, 254
Ennomos, 140, 268
Epione, 138
Epirrhoe, 45
Epirrita, 78
epomidion, 255
Erannis, 159
Eriogaster, 239
erosaria, 144, 207
Erynnis, 211
Eublemma, 259
Euchoeca, 119
Euclidia, 262
Eulithis, 53
Eumichtis, 250
euphrosyne, 222
Euphydras, 224
Euphyia, 77
Eupithecia, 88, 267
Euproctis, 234
Eupsilia, 250
Eurois, 244
Euxoa, 241
exanthemata, 169
exigua, 258

exiguata, 91, 204,267
expallidata, 98, 205
extensaria, 108
extersaria, 166, 208
extrema, 256

fagana, 260
fagaria, 177
fagata, 81, 267
fagi, 231
falcataria, 240
fascelina, 234
fasciana, 259
fasciaria, 172, 208, 269
favicolor, 247
ferrugaria, 38
ferrugata,X.,Clerck,39
ferrugata, X., sens.

Haw., 38
ferruginea, 253
filipendulae, 184

fimbrialis, 8, 198, 264
fimbriata, 243
firmata, 60
flammea, 248
flammeolaria, 120, 206
flavicincta, 250
flavicinctata, 48
flavicornis, 241
flaviventris, 193
flavofasciata, 85, 204
fluctuata, 41, 201
fluctuosa, 240
fluviata, 35
fluxa, 256
formicaeformis, 195
fraxinata, 108
fraxini, 261
fuciformis, 230
fucosa, 256
fuliginaria, 262
fuliginosa, 237
fulvata, 60, 202
furcata, 66, 202
furcula, 231
furva, 255

fuscantaria, 144, 268
fusconebulosa, 179, 269
fuscovenosa, 26

galathea, 226
galiata, 46, 201
gallii, 230
gamma, 260
geminipuncta, 257
Geometra, 4, 264
GEOMETRIDAE, 1,264
geryon, 183
gilvago, 251
gilvaria, 176, 209
glareosa, 243
glauca, 264
globulariae, 183
glyphica, 262
gnaphalii, 248
gnoma, 232
Gnophos, 173, 269
Gonepteryx, 213
goosensiata, 96
griseata, 15
griseola, 235
graminis, 246
Graphiphora, 243
grisealis, 263
giossulariata, 127,207
Gymnoscelis, 115

Hadena, 245
halterata, 123, 268
Harpyia, 231
hastata, 71, 203, 267
haworthiata, 89, 204
hecta, 179
Helicoverpa, 259
Heliophobus, 245
Hehothis, 259
Hemaris, 230
Hemearis, 219
Hemistola, 9
Hemithea, 7
HEPIALIDAE, 178, 269
Hepialus, 178, 269
Hesperia, 211
HESPERIIDAE, 210
Heterogenea, 189, 270
Hipparchia, 226
hippocastanaria,
137,207
Hippotion, 231
hirtaria, 153, 269
hispidaria, 151, 208
Hoplodrina, 258
Horisme, 67
humuli, 178, 269
hyale, 212
Hydraecia, 256
Hydrelia, 120
Hydriomena, 66, 266
Hylea, 172, 269
Hyles, 230
Hyloicus, 229
Hypena, 263
Hypenodes, 263
hyperantus, 228

icarus, 218

ichneumoniformis, 196
icterata, 101
idaea, 22, 265
imitaria, 20
immanata, 59
immutata, 21, 199
impluviata, 66, 203, 266
impura, 247
Inachis, 221
indigata, 106
innotata, 108
inornata, 31
insigniata, 92, 204, 267
interjectaria, 26
interrogationis, 261
intricata, 95, 205, 267
inturbata, 88, 204

io, 221

Iphiclides, 212, 229
Ipimorpha, 253
iris, 220
irriguata, 91
irrorella, 234
Isturgia, 135

Jodia, 250
Jodis, 9, 265
jota, 261
jubata, 162
juniperata, 63, 202
jurtina, 228

Lacanobia, 245
lactata, 22

lactearia, 9, 198, 265
Ladoga, 219
Lampropterix, 52
lanestris, 239
Laothoe, 230
Larentia, 48
lariciata, 112
Lasiocampa, 239
LASIOCAMPIDAE,238
Lasiommata, 225
lateritia, 255
lathonia, 223
latruncula, 256
leautieri, 249
legatella, 116
leporina, 252
leucophaearia, 158, 269
leucostigma, 257
lichenaria, 164, 208
lichenea, 250
Ligdia, 130
lignata, 34
ligula, 250
ligustri, C., 252
ligustri, S., 229
limacodes, 188
LIMACODIDAE, 188,
270

limbaria, 135
limitata, 42
bnariata, 90
linearia, 14, 199
Uneata, H., 230
lineata, S., 175, 209
lineola, 210
Lithacodia, 259
Lithophane, 249
Lithosia, 236
litura, 250
liturata, 132

INDEX

Lobophora, 123, 268
Lomaspilis, 129
Lomographa, 170, 269
lonicerae, 187,209,270
loreyi, 248
lubricipeda, 237
lucernea, 242
lucina, 219

luctuata, 70, 203, 266
luctuosa, 262
lunosa, 261
lunula, 248
lunularia, 146, 207
lupulinus, 179
luridata, 43, 201, 266
lutea, 251
luteolata, 138
luteum, 237
lutosa, 257
Lycaena, 216
LYCAENIDAE, 214
Lycia, 153, 269
Lycophotia, 243
Lygephila, 262
Lymantria, 234
LYMANTRIIDAE, 233
Lysandra, 218
Lythria, 33

machaon, 212
Macrochilo, 264
Macroglossum, 230
macularia, 139
Malacosoma, 239
malvae, 211
Mamestra, 245
Maniola, 228
margaritata, 172, 208
marginaria, 158, 208
marginata, 129, 207
marginepunctata, 18, 199
maritima, 7
maritimus, 258
maura, 253
Meganola, 238
megera, 225
Melanargia, 226
Melanthia, 69
Melicta, 224
mellinata, 55, 202
mendica, 237
Menophra, 159
Mesoleuca, 50
mesomelia, 235
Mesotype, 34
miata, 57, 202
miUefoliata, 104, 205

IV

Miltochrista, 234
Mimas,229
miniata, 234
minima, 256
minimus, 2^6
Minoa, 123, 268
Minucia, 261
Moma, 25 1
Mormo, 253
monacha, 234
montanata, 40, 201
multistrigaria, ^64, 202
munda, 246
mundana, 235
munitata, 38
muralis, 252
muricata, 23
murinata, 123, 268
muscerda, 235
myopaeformis, 194,270
Mythimna, 246

Naenia, 244
nanata, 107, 205
napi, 214
nebulata, 119
nebulosa, 245
NEMEOBIIDAE, 219
nemoralis, 263
nerii, 230
neu stria, 239
ni, 260
nigra, 249
nigricans, 24 1
nigrofasciaria, 49
nigropunctata,
16,199,265
nitens, 244
Noctua, 242
NOCTUIDAE, 241
NOLIDAE, 238
notata, 130, 207
NOTODONTIDAE,231
notha, 1, 198
Nudaria, 235
nupta, 261
Nycteola, 260
NYMPHALIDAE, 219
Nymphalis, 221

obeliscata, 61
oblonga, 255
obscuratus,173, 209,269
obsoleta, 247
obstipata, 35, 200, 266
occidua, 108
oceUaris, 25 1

V

ocellata, C., 53, 266
ocellata, S., 229
occulta, 244
Ochlodes, 211
ochrata, 22, 265
ochrearia, 177, 209, 269
Ochropacha, 241
Ochropleura, 242
ocularis, 240
Odezia, 119
Odontopera, 148
Odontosia, 232
Oligia, 256
olivata, 64, 202
ononaria, 2, 198, 264
Operophtera, 79, 267
ophiogramma, 255
opima, 246
Opistograptis, 138
or, 240

orbicularia, 10
Orgyia, 233
orichalcea, 260
ornata, 17, 199
ornitopus, 249
Orthonama, 34, 266
Orthosia, 246
osseola, 256
ostrina, 259
Ourapteryx, 149, 268
oxyacanthae, 249

Parastichtis, 251
Pachetra, 245
Pachycnemia, 137
paleacea, 254
pallens, 247
pamphilus, 228
Panemeria, 258
paphia, 224
Papilio, 212

papilionaria, 5 , 198, 264
PAPILIONIDAE, 212
Paracolax, 264
Paradiarsia, 243
Paranthrene, 190
Pararge, 225
Parascotia, 262
Parasemia, 236
Pareulype, 70
parthenias, 1
pastinum, 262
pavonia, 240
pectinataria, 65, 202
Pelosia, 235
peltigera, 259
Pelurga, 5 1

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III

pendularia, 10
pendularia, 11
pennaria, 150, 208
Perconia, 177
Peribatodes, 160
Peridea, 232
Perizoma, 81, 267
perochraria, 23
persicariae, 245
petasitis, 256
Petrophora, 136
Philereme, 75
phlaeas, 216
Pheosia, 232
phoeniceata, 206, 267
Photedes, 256
Phragmatobia, 237
phragmitidis, 257
Phytometra, 262
picata, 77
pictaria, 171
PIERIDAE, 212
Pieris, 214
pigra, 233
pilosaria, 153
pimpinellata, 106
pimpinellata, 109
pinastri, 229
pini, 90
piniaria, 168
plagiata, 117, 206
Plagodis, 136, 268
plantaginis, 236
Plebejus, 217
plecta, 242
Plemyra, 60
plexippus, 228
plumbaria, 43
plumbeolata, 89, 267
plumigera, 233
Plusia, 260
podalirius, 212, 229
Poecilocampa, 238
Polia, 244
polychloros, 221
polycommata, 124
Polygonia, 222
polygrammata, 47
Polymixis, 250
polyodon, 242
Polyommatus, 218
Polyploca, 241
Polypogon, 263
popularis, 246
populata, 55
populi, L., 230
populi, P., 238

porata, 12, 198
porcellusj 230
porphyrea, 243
prasina, 244
prasinaria, 260
procellata, 69, 203
pomissa, 261
pronuba, 242
prosapiaria, 172
pruinata, 4, 198, 264
prunaria, 150, 208
prunata, 53
psi, 252
Pseudoips, 260
Pseudopanthera, 139
Pseudoterpna, 41, 264
Pterophorapteryx,
126,268
Ptilodon, 232
Ptilodontella, 232
Ptilophora, 233
pudibunda, 234
pudorina, 247
pulchella, 236
pulchellata, 9
pulchrina, 261
pulveraria, 126
pumHata, 115
punctaria, 13, 199
punctinalis, 163
punctulata, 167
puppillaria, 12,198,265
pusaria, 169
pusillata. 111
pusillata, 115
pustulata, 5, 198
putnami, 260
purpuraria, 33
pygarga, 259
pygmaeola, 235
pyraliata, 55, 202
pyralina, 254
pyramidea, 253
Pyrgus, 211
pyrina, 180, 209
Pyronia, 227
Pyrrhia, 259

quadra, 236
quadrifasciata, 39, 200
quercinaria, 142, 207,
268

quercus, E., 239
quercus, Q., 215
Quercusia, 215

raptricula, 252

INDEX

VI

ravida, 243
recens, 233
rectangulata, 114
repandaria, 138
repandata, 161, 208
reticulata, 245
retusa, 253
revayana, 260
rhamni, 213
Rheumaptera, 71, 267
Rhizedra, 257
Rhodometra, 32, 265
rhomboidaria, 160
rhomboidea, 244
Rhyacia, 242
ribeata, 161, 208
ridens, 241
ripae, 242
rivata, 46
Rivula, 262
roboraria, 162, 208
rostralis, 263
ruberata, 67
rubi, 214
rubidata, 44, 201
rubiginata, P., 60, 265
rubiginata, S., 18, 199
rubricollis, 235
rufa, 257
rufata, 117, 206
rufifasciata, 1 15, 206
rupicapraria, 172
Rusina, 253
rusticata, 24, 199

sacraria, 32, 200, 265
sagittata, 87
sagittigera, 245
salicalis, 262
salmachus, 191
sambucaria, 149, 268
sannio, 237
SATURNIIDAE, 240
Saturnia, 240
satyrata, 95, 205
scahiomta,\^^
scabriuscula, 253
Schrankia, 263
scolopacina, 255
scopigera, 196, 209, 270
Scopula, 16, 265
Scotopterix, 42, 266
selene, 222
Selidosema, 160
semele, 226
semibrunnea, 249

Semiothisa, 130
senex, 234
Senta, 248
seriata, 26
sericealis, 262
serpentata, 23, 199
Serraca, 163
Sesia, 189, 270
SESIIDAE, 189, 270
Setina, 234

sexalata, 126, 206, 268
Sideridis, 245
silaceata, 56, 202, 266
simpliciata, 104, 205
simulans, 242
Simyra, 252
sinuata, 45
Siona, 175
siterata, 57
smaragdaria, 7, 264
Smerinthus, 229
sobrinata, 111
socia, 249
sociata, 245
sororcula, 235
spadicearia, 38
Spaelotis, 243
Spargania, 70, 266
sparganii, 257
sparsata, 116
spartiata, 116
Sphecia, 190
spheciformis, 193
SPHINGIDAE, 229
Sphinx, 229
Spilosoma, 237
Spodoptera, 258
sponsa, 261
Standfussiana, 242
sta+ices, 182, 209
Stauropus, 231
stellatarum, 230
straminata, 25, 199
straminata, 31, 200
strataria, 155, 269
strigaria, 1 7
strigilata, 263
strigHis, 256
strigillaria, 177
strigula, 238
strigida, 243
Strymonidia, 215
suasa, 245
subfulvata, 101
subfuscata, 100
sublustris, 254

subnotata, 104
subsericeata, 27, 200
subtusa, 253
subumbrata, 103, 205
succenturiata, 102
suffumata, 52
suspecta, 25 1
sylvata. A., 128, 207,
268

sylvata, H., 121, 206
sylvestraria, 25, 199
sylvestris, 210
sy Ivina, 178
Synanthedon, 191
syringaria, 139,207,268

tabaniformis, 190
taenialis, 263
tantillaria, 1 13, 267
tarsipennalis, 263
temerata, 171, 269
tenebrata, 258
tenebrosa, 253
tenuiata, 88, 204, 267
tersata, 68
testaceata, 121
testata, 54, 202
testudo, 188
Tethea, 240
Tetheella, 240
tetralunaria, 147, 208
thalassina, 245
Thalera, 8, 264
Thecla, 215
Thera, 60, 266
Theria, 172
Thetidia, 7, 264
Tholera, 246
Thumatha, 234
Thyatira, 240
THYATIRIDAE, 240
Thymelicus, 210
tiliae, 229
Timandra, 15
tipuliformis, 191
tithonus, 227
tityus, 230
t Ogata, 90
togata, 251
tragopoginis, 253
transversa, 250
transversata, 76, 203
trapezina, 254
trepida, 232
Trichiura, 239
Trichoplusia, 260

VII

INDEX

Trichopteryx, 124, 268
tridens, 252
trifolii, L., 239
trifoIii,Z., 185,209,270
trigemina, 261
trigeminata, 28, 200
Triphosia, 74
tripunctaria, 99, 205
Trisateles, 264
trisignaria, 94
tristata, 45
tritici, 241
truncata, 59
turca, 246
turfosaUs, 263
typica, 244
Tyta, 262

umbra, 259
umbratica, 248
unangulata, 77, 203
unanimis, 255
undulata, 73, 203, 267

unifasciata, 83
unipuncta, 247
urticae. A., 220
urticae, S., 237
Utetheisa, 236

valerianata, 93, 267
Vanessa, 220
varia, 243
variata=britannica,
62,202,266
v-ata, 114
venata, 211
venosata, 93, 204
venustula, 258
verbasci, 248
versicolor, 256
vespiformis, 192
vestigialis, 242
vetulata, 75, 203
villica, 237

viretata, 126, 206, 268
virgata, 34, 200

virgaureata, 109
virgulata, 17
virgulata, 26
viridaria, 262
viridata, 7
vitalbata, 67
viteUina, 247
vittata, 34, 200, 266
vulgata, 98, 205
vulpinaria, 24, 199, 265

w-album, 215
wauaria, 134

Xanthia, 251
Xanthorhoe, 37
xerampelina, 251
Xestia, 244

Zeuzera, 180
Zygaena, 184, 270
ZYGAENIDAE,
182,270

(supplement)

(1>

GEOMETRIDAE

Archiearinae

Archiearis parthenias L.: Orange Underwing.

Native. Woods, heaths; on birch. Frequent and recorded from all
divisions except 14, 16 (probably present in both), 2, 4, 9, 15.

F. T. Grant (in litt.) writes that at Darenth Wood, “they occur only
where birch and bracken are present together”. A. J. L. Bowes observes
that at Denstroude, it flies very wildly, and early in the day comes to
sallow catkins; and W. L. Rudland noted is at sallow, Wye, March 23, 1956.

A. M. and F. A. Swain took larvae on birch at Petts Wood, 1951; and
Scott (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1955: 73) records larvae beaten
from birches. Bourne Wood, May 28, 1955. Kidner (Diary) noted larvae.
St. Paul’s Cray Common, May 31, 1919, and at Farningham Wood, June 9,
1929.

Variation. — In RCK are : ab. intermedia Lempke, Darenth Wood, one.
1924, I. Harman; ab. obscura Prout, North Kent, one, 1908, one, 1930.
Eynsford, one, 1948.

Hyatt (Entomologist, 83 : 93) records a specimen from Hayes Common,
1948, in which the hind wings are pale cream owing to an extreme scale
deformity, but the forewings are normal.

First Record, 1831 : “I have reared it from a larva taken at Darenth
Wood” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 138); as “A. notha Hb.” (q.v.) in error, the two
species having been transposed.

A notha Hiibner; Light Orange Underwing.

Native. Woods; on aspen.

I. Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 137). West Wood and Shooters Hill,
formerly (W. West, in Wool. Surv. (1909)). Bromley Common, c. 1935.
“kicked aspen trunks one afternoon and took about 30 — they fluttered
down in pairs” (W. A. Cope verbatim). Orpington, 1926, one only (F. D.
Greenwood). Petts Wood, 1951, frequent; larvae on aspen (A. M. Swain).
Between Farnborough and Chislehurst, one, March 23, 1945; one bred 1947
(S. F. P. Blyth). Farningham Wood (D. F. Owen). Woods near Bromley,
flying plentifully, April 11, 13, 15, 20, 1948 (D. Lanktree).

3. Bysing Wood (H. C. Huggins). Kemberland, Broad Ooak, flying
fairly numerously in the sun, 3-5 p.m., March 14-15, 1945, 12 taken, all
(C.-H.).

5. Westerham (R. C. Edwards).

6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, loc. cit.); March 21-23, 1856 (Harding.
Ent. week. Int., 1 : 11). Chattenden Roughs, rare (Chaney, 1883-87).

7. Detling, several, 1877 (Cave-Brown, Entomologist, 10: 162). West-
well (Scott, 1936).

8. Elham (W. E. Busbridge). Rqinden Wood, four flying around sallow
blossom, April 11, 1948 (A. M. Morley). West Wood, one, April 14, 1949
(Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1949-50: 39).

II. Brethersden (G. V. Bull). Hoads Wood, April 15, 1954 (P. Cue):
common, April 11, 1955 (W. D. Bowden); common, 1960 (M. Singleton).
Aylesford, 1954 (G. A. N. Davis). Sevenoaks Weald, one, April 1959,
twelve, April 7-17, 1960 (E. A, Sadler).

12. Long Rope, Orlestone, April 16, 1934, April 16, 1936, April 14-22,

(2)

(supplement)

1937; after dark sits curled up on aspen twigs (A. J. L. Bowes); imagines
common, April 10, 1939, a larva on aspen, June 20, 1957 (C.-H.). Orlestone
Woods, larvae quite common on larger aspens, June 3, 1965 (R. G. Chate-
lain).

13. Tunbridge Wells district,* scarce (R. H. Rattray, in Knipe, 1916).
Goudhurst, common (W. V. D. Bolt, pers. comm., 1961).

First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit.; as A. parthenias (q.v.) in error,
the two species being transposed.

Oenochrominae

AEsophila aescuiaria Denis & Schiffermuller: March-moth.

Native. Woods, copses, hedgerows, bushy places, orchards; on oak,
apple, cherry, plum, beech, hawthorn, maple. Frequent and found in all
divisions. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908).

The moth is aptly named, though frequently out by the end of February
in Kent. In 1921, Kidner (Diary) observed one at Sidcup on January 21,
and another in 1913, drying its wings on April 20; and in 1956, W. L.
Rudland recorded having seen it at Willesborough as late as April 29.

Theobald (J.S.-E. Agric. Coll, Wye, 1908 (17), 105) reported it as a
fruit pest in Kent in 1908; and Massee (Rep. E. Mailing Res. Stn., Supplt,
1928-30: 198) states that “during 1930 this moth was found everywhere in
Kent, especially in apple orchards, and in certain centres it caused nearly
as much defoliation of apples as the Winter Moth”.

I beat the larva at Little Hall Wood, Broad Oak, from young oaks in
May 1947, and reared the insect (C.-H.); and Briggs (Rep. E. Mailing
Res. Stn., 1955 : 143) records the larva as common at East Mailing on apple,
cherry, and plum. D. R. M. Long has taken the larva on beech and
hawthorn at Bromley, on oak at Ham Street, and on maple at Eynsford.

First Record, 1861 : Lewisham (Fenn, Diary, 2.iv.l861).

Geometrinae

Aplasta ononaria Fuessly: Rest Harrow.

Resident, perhaps native. Coastal sand-dune and chalk, shingle beach;
on Ononis arvensis. Extremely local in 4, 8, 15; casual in 5, 16.

A second generation, probably partial, was observed in 1945, 1947, 1949,
1950, 1952, and 1959. The species is not known to breed outside Kent, but
odd imagines have occurred at Burley, Hants, 1909; Tilgate, Sussex, 1947;
and Southsea, Hants, 1959.

4. Sandwich. — Has occurred on the sandhills in a number of scattered
colonies ranging over a distance of about 3 miles, and except in 1947 when
it appeared in the town, has never been taken more than a few hundred
yards from the coastline.

First noticed here on July 12, 1923, when H. G. Gomm (Entomologist, 57:
112) took a 9 on St. Georges golf-links. Not observed again in this division
until June 20 1947, when R. P. Demuth (in litt.) saw about 20 at light and
“many more sitting inverted on grass stems” just south of Princes Links
Club House. On August 19, 1947, G. H. Youden (in litt.) found second
generation insects on the sandhills and in the town : “they swarmed to my
car lights and were flying round the street lamps at Sandwich — I must
have seen over 100”; and this same observer writes that on June 26 that
year, one was taken at the Deal end of the sandhills.

('supplement)

(3)

On July 2, 1949, in a small area of golf course rough, I counted some
70 imagines in about 2 hours, but noticed that the strength of this colony
showed a marked decline in after years, and at the same time the Ononis
at this spot tended to become overgrown by grasses and other plants

(C.-H.).

J. A. Parry (in litt.) found larvae plentifully in May 1948, on O. arvensis
just north of the club-house, where he says they show a marked preference
either for very young plants or those low on the ground, and in sheltered
positions with sunny aspect. R. P. Demuth (in litt.) found larvae where
he discovered the moth and says : “May 30, 1948 ... we got about 60 in two
hours. It was sunny and they were sitting on the tops of the sprays of rest
harrow . . . they varied from half to full grown”.

In 1950, A. M. Morley noted a fresh 9 on September 16, an abnormally
late date even for the second generation; and in 1959, P. B. Wacher
observed second brood specimens plentifully on August 29. An exception-
ally early occurrence is of a single 9 that I noted in 1952, on June 15
(C.-H.).

The records show that ononaria was seen here annually from 1947-61;
also most years since, though less numerously. 1963 : May 26, eight
larvae (G. Haggett); June 30, July 14 (3) (P. Gummer). 1965 and 1966 :
Several noted both years (B. K. West). 1967: July 2 (one) (C.-H.).

5. Westerham, one taken at house light, August 19, 1947 (R. C. Edwards).

8. The moth was first seen in Britain in 1866 by B. Piffard (Ent. mon.
Mag., 3: 110), who wrote: “On or about the 18th of July last, I captured a
specimen of A. ononaria in the Warren at Folkestone, amongst Ononis
arvensis”.

Folkstone. — 1869: July, two taken in the Warren by F. O. Standish
(Standish, Entomologist, 4: 323). N.d. : F. O. Standish is stated to have
taken another here (S. Webb teste Fenn, Diary, 19. ix. 1884; Briggs, Ent. Rec.,
8: 13). 1871: June, 9 taken by W. Purdey (Purdey, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 92,
Briggs, Entomologist, 29: 128). N.d.: Two taken by Mr. Floliday (Briggs,

Ent. Rec., 8: 13). 1900: July 1, two taken in the Warren by J. P. Barrett
(Porritt, Ent. mon. Mag., 53: 70).

The species was not seen again at Folkestone until June 26, 1937. when
A. M. Morley (Entomologist, 71 : 145) took three moths in the Warren, and
during the following fevv^ days seven more, a number of ova, and on
August 7 three larvae.

The records show that except during the period 1941-44 when the area
was closed to the public, ononaria was seen annually in the Warren from
1937-60 inclusive; and about 1948 at least nine colonies were known to
exist over a range of about 2 miles, some of which were later obliterated
by roadmaking and cliff falls. Though much less often noted during the
past decade, the moth still occurs here, has almost certainly done so for
at least the past thirty years, and indeed may well have been present at
this locality for a very much longer period. Single specimens were
observed by me, July 23, 1963, July 12, 1968 (C.-H.).

Shepherdswell near Dover. — 1947, single specimens taken by G. H.
Youden at light, August 18, 22 (G. H. Youden).

15. Dungeness. — 1932, one taken August 20 (Hughes, Entomologist, 69 :
107). 1934, one taken by R. P. Demuth, August 6 (R. P. Demuth in litt.)

(1935 is given in error in Entomologist, 69: 107). Between New Romney
and Dungeness, a “small colony was discovered on Romney Marsh” in

(4)

(supplement)

1949, by F. C. Stanley (Morley, Trans. Folkestone nat. Hist. Soc., 1949-50:
18). Lydd-on-Sea, one, July 3, 1957 (Wakely, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1957: 15).

16. Folkestone Town, one in m.v. trap, August 29, 1952 (Morley, Proc.
S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1952-53: 42).

[The following records need confirmation. Four in Burney coll. sale,
erroneously stated to have been taken by Piffard, in the Warren, July 1866
(Entomologist, 27: 104, 135). One, “taken at Folkestone, 3rd August 1877
by C. Bailey”, in C. E. Fry sale, and previously unrecorded “wants looking
into” (Entomologist, 29 : 127; Ent. Rec., 7 : 317). 9 > in Dale coll., labelled

“Folkestone 1867 Mr. C. Woods” (Ent. mon. Mag., 45: 176)]

Variation. — There is considerable variation in my series, particularly
in regard to colouration. On the average, Folkestone specimens are
noticeably darker than those from Sandwich, and ab. ruhraria Prout
which has frequently occurred at Folkestone, is relatively seldom observed
at Sandwich. On the other hand, I have a number of examples from
Sandwich in which the normal dark suffusion is almost absent and the
specimens are of a rather uniform ochreous appearance; and one from
here in which the suffusion is markedly spotted and of a pale greyish-
brown. Second generation specimens tend to be appreciably smaller and
frequently show traces of a third forewing fascia, and in one such
specimen from Folkestone this is quite clearly marked and thus conforms
to ab. trifasciata Stauder.

First Notice, 1866 : Piffard, loc. cit.

Pseudoterpna pruinata Hufnagel ssp. atropunctaria Walker: Grass Emerald.

Native. Heaths, gravel pits, shingle beach; on broom, gorse. Local,
and mainly (if not wholly) absent from the chalk. Apparently a partial
seco]id generation some years.

1 Near Sydenham, 1859 (Cox, Ent. week. Int., 6: 188). Chislehurst
(Cockerell, Entomologist, IS: 233, 18: 56); (S. F. P. Blyth); larvae. May 22.
1920, June 8, 1926 (Kidner, Diary). Erith, common, July 5, 1883, common.
June 29-July 29, 1884; St. Paul’s Cray, one, July 21, 1890 (Fenn, Diary).
Shooters Hill; Blackheath; Lee; larvae on broom and furze (West, Ent.
Rec., 18: 172). Dartford Heath (James, Entomologist, 25: 67); young
larvae fairly plentiful, August 30, 1932 (Kidner, Diary); very common
(B. K. West); 1953 (A. S. Wheeler). Bexley; Farnborough; Keston (Wool.
Surv., 1909). Ruxley near Sidcup, larvae. May 10, 1927, May 25, 1928;
Keston, larva, June 11, 1923 (Kidner, Diary). Hayes, five moths high up
on pine trunks early one morning, odd ones since (W. A. Cope); one
August 7, 1947 (J. F. Burton). Petts Wood, singletons at light annually,
1947-50 (E. Evans); one, July 25, 1953 (A. M. and F. A. Swain). West
Wickham. 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell). Abbey Wood, 1952 (A. J. Showier).
Bromley, 1959 (1), 1962 (1). 1963 (1), 1965 (4), 1966 (1) (D. R. M. Long).

3. Broad Oak, one at light (C.-H.).

4. Sandwich, one, 1964 (D. G. Marsh).

6a. Chattenden, one, July 16, 1869 (J. J. Walker MS.); (Chaney, 1884-87).
Darenth Wood (G. Law). [Chattenden] (Porritt, Entomologist, 7: 181).
Greenhithe* (Farn MS.).

7. Syndale Valley (H. C. Huggins). Boxley, one in Maidstone Museum
(C.-H.); 1953 (A. H. Harbottle).

10. Brasted (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1901 : 23);

(supplement)

(5)

locally common (R. M. Prideaux). Sevenoaks, July 18, 1920, July 24, 1922
(Gillett, Diary); one at light, August 1, 1948 (Busbridge, Diary).

11. Wateringbury (W. A. Cope); one bred 1912 (E. Goodwin coll.).
Shipbourne, one, August 1914, in P. A. and D. J. A. Buxton coll. (C.-H.).
Aylesford, common, 1953-54 (G. A. N. Davis); one, July 14, 1957, in
G. A. N. Davis coll. (C.-H.).

12. Ham Street, July 1934, one (A. J. L. Bowes); one. July 12, 1946,
one, July 30, 1951 (C.-H.); August 15-20, 1960 (C. R. Haxby and J. Briggs);
June 24, 1953, June 25, July 1955, July 7, 1956 (W. L. Rudland); three
larvae beaten from broom in Orlestone Woods, from which 1<^, 29$^
emerged 1960 (M. Singleton and M. Enfield). Willesborough, one, July
13, 1954 (W. L. Rudland). Ashford Warren, larvae on broom (E. Scott).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2 : 34). Tunbridge Wells (Beeching,
Ent. Rec., 2 : 229).

14. Hawkhurst, 1950, one at light, one at buddleia (B. G. Chatfield).

15. Dungeness — The species is perhaps more frequent here than
anywhere else in the county, imagines being observed annually and in
fair numbers flying over the shingle at dusk (C.-H.). Usually common
in July (A. J. L. Bowes): several, September 8, 1934, “doubtless a second
emergence” (de Worms, Entomologist, 68: 104); larva on broom, June 6,
1950, three imagines, June 6, 1950, one, September 22, 1955 (E. C. Pelham-
Clinton); over 80 imagines, June 28-August 31, 1962, all in m.v. (R. E.
Scott); larvae on gorse, 1966 <B. K. West).

16. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880).

Variation. — Cockerell (Entomologist, IS: 56) records a •‘brown” ab.,
from Chislehurst.

First Record, 1859 : Stainton, loc. cit.

Geometra papiSionarla L.: Large Emerald.

Native. Woods; on birch, hazel, alder. Fairly frequent in 1, 3, 6-8,
10-14; perhaps casual elsewhere. The imago is mainly observed at dusk
or at light, and excepting the curious instance cited in the First Record,
appears never to have been noted really plentiful). Beale (Zoologist,
4130) records once taking it at sugar at Tenterden.

The larva which is best searched for and not beaten owing to its
tenacity, chiefly occurs on birch, but l:.as also been noted on hazel bv
E. A. Sadler at Sevenoaks Weald, and on alder by S. Wakely near
Tunbridge Wells.

4. Ickham, occasionally, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh).

15. Dymchurch, one, 1952 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 65: 43).

16. Lympne (Heitland, Entomologist, 31 : 221). Folkestone Towm, two
(5, 1955 (A. M. Morley).

First Record, 1831 : “Occasionally, Darenth-w'ood; once in a lane near
Birch-w’ood I saw many dozens of the wings, several in fine condition
strewn about under an old oak” [probably the work of bats — C.-H.]
(Stephens, Haust., 3: 178).

CcmIljaeBia pustuiata Hufnagel: Blotched Emerald.

Native. Woods; on oak. Probably casual in 4, 15.

1. Recorded from many localities in this division in the past. Recent
occurrences are: Petts Wood, at light, two, 1947, one, 1949 (E„ Evans); 1948

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(supplement'-

(A. M. and F. A. SwainL West Wickham, 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell); two,
at m.v. light, July 1, 1963 (C.-H.). Abbey Wood, one, 1951 (A. J. Showier).
Bexley, six, June 13, 1952 (A. Heselden) Sparrow Common, larva
(Haynes, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1955; 88). Blackheath. one,
i960 (A. A. Allen). Bromley, in m.v. trap, 1960 (4), 1961 (5), 1962 (5),
1963 (5), 1964 (5). 1965 (7), 1966 (2) (D. R. M. Long).

3. Bysing Wood (H. C. Huggins). Clangate Wood, Sturry, one bred
June 28, 1932, from beaten larva (Busbridge, Diary). Thornden Wood,
one. June 11, 1933 (A. J. L. Bowes). Den Grove, frequent at light and
flying at dusk, 1934 and subsequent years (C.-H.).

4. Ickham, occasionally, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh).

5. Downe (de Worms. Lond. Nat., 1956: 62).

6. Longfield (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (54), ii). Fawkham (E. J
Hare).

6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens. Haust., 3: 181); six June 25. 1925

(F. T. Grant); (E. J. Hare); odd specimens (B. K. West). Greenhithe
(Hodgkinson, Zoologist, 2328). Swanscombe Wood (Ent. mon. Mag., 1 ;
190) Chattenden, one. July 16, 1869 (J. J. Walker MS.); (Chaney, 1884-87),
common, June 17, 1893 (Fenn, Diary).

7. Wigmore (Chaney, 1884-87).

8. Folkestone Warren, a few (Knaggs, 1870). Wye* (C. A. Duffield)
Elham; Dover (W. E. Busbridge). Gorsley Wood, one, c. 1946 (R. Gorer).
Near Waldershare (E. & Y., 1949).

10. Brasted. one (R. M. Prideaux). Sevenoaks, June 24, 1920 (Gillett,
Diary); (W. E. Busbridge).

11. Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908). Brook Street Wood, larva beaten
from oak, 1931 (F. D. Greenwood). Hoads Wood (G. V. Bull); (P. Cue).
Tonbridge, about 12 at light, 1939 (H. E. Hammond). Sevenoaks Weald,
two at m.v.L, June 18. 24, 1959, four, July 8-14, 1960 (E. A. Sadler).

12. Ham Street, common at light about 12.30 a.m., June 30. 1934
(A. J. L. Bowes); frequent in Orlestone Woods (C.-H.); common, 1959-60
(M. Singleton). Willesborough, singletons, 1955-56, 1958; Wye. one, 1956
(W. L. Rudland). Chartham (P. B. Wacher). West Ashford, one at light,
1959 (M. Enfield).

13. Pembury (Stamton, Man., 2; 36). Tunbridge Wells, one, 1958
(L. R. Tesch per C. A. Stace). Goudhurst, three at light, 1958 (W. V. D.
Bolt).

14. Tenterden (Stainton, loc. cit). Iden Green, one at light. 1950 (H
Boxall). Hawkhurst, several at light, 1952-53 (B. G. Chatfield).

15. Dungeness, one, June 30, 1953 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 66; 109).

Variation. — Ab. stigmatisata Stauder, a cj which I took at Long Rope
Wood, Orlestone. July 2, 1946 conforms to this very scarce form, though
I have numerous examples from the same locality that are transitional
to it (C.-H.).

Evans i Entomologist , 80: 286) records a pink form from Petts Wood;
and I have one that is similar; both are apparently referable to ab. rosea
Cockayne (C.-H.).

First Record, 1775 : “Oak of honor by Peckham” (Flarris, Aurelian’s
Pocket Companion, 31). This may possibly refer to Surrey, in which case
the first record will date from 1830 ; Birch V/ood (Curtis, Br. Ent., 300).

(supplement >

7)

Thetidia smaragdaria Fabricms ssp. maritima Prout: Essex Emerald.

Native. Salt marsh borders: on Artemisia maritima. Casual in 12.

Note : The casual occurrence of this and another salt marsh species,
Agdistis hennetii Curtis, in the valley of the Stour (div. 12) is very
remarkable (C.-H.).

2. Queenborough. one, July 5, 1856 (T. Ingall Diary, teste South
Entomologist, 28: 44>. Sheerness Dockyard, 1872 a forewing only

(Walker, Ent. mon., Mag., 9; 163j. Near Sheerness, one rather worn, taken
July 1, 1873 (Hodgson, Ent. mon. Mag., 10; 180). Gravesend to Sheerness
(1896, Tutt. Br. Moths, 249 > (I know of no instance of the occurrence of
smaragdaria west of Sheppey — C.-H.). Leysdown, commmn, about thirty
bred 1920, from 1919 larvae; larvae again common 1922; Harty Ferry, one
(H. C. Huggins). Queensbridge, Sheppey, June 24, 1938, June 30, 1947,
June 24, 1949; a larva. May 3. 1948 (R. C. Edwards). Shellness, several
larvae, August 25. 1950 (S. Wakely; Edwards, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat
Hist. Soc., 1951-52; 27). Queensbridge, Sheppey, one, June 1950, one,
June 28, 1952 (G. Law). Graveney, three larvae on A. maritima, taken
by P. Cue, September 12, 1957 (P. Cue); is the only confirmed occurrence
of this species on the mainland of Kent known to me apart from the
casual appearance in div. 12 (C.-H.).

[4. Deal (1871, Morris, Br. Moths, 1 ; 138».]

12. Chartham, a single r7 taken by P. B. Wacher at m.v.l., July 13,
1955 (P. B. Wacher).

Vaeiation. — Edwards (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.. 1951-52: 27i
exhibited a “bluish” eh. from Sheppey.

First Notice. 1856 : Ingall, teste South, loc. cit.

Hemithea aestivaria Hiibner: Common Emerald.

Native. Woods, copses, parks, gardens; on hawthorn, birch, sallow,
Rhamnus catharticus, Spanish chestnut, currant. Frequent and found in
all divisions. “Generally common” (V.C.H. (1908)).

The moth normally appears at the end of June, and continues on the
wing throughout the first fortnight or three weeks of July; in 1963
however, W. L. Rudland noted one at Willesborough on September 12.
which was perhaps a second generation specimen.

The larva has been noted on hawthorn at Iwade (div. 2) (B. K. West),
on birch and hawthorn at Bromley, on sallow at Crofton (D. R. M. Long);
and once on Rhamnus catharticus at Lydden (div. 8), May 21, 1950,
from which I reared the imago (C.-H.). It has also occurred plentifully
at Pine Wood (div. 3) on Spanish chestnut (J. A. Parry); and a young
larva was taken on currant, Sidcup, October 9, 1937 (Kidner, Diary

First Record, 1844: Charlton sand-pit (Bedell, Zoologist, 735).

Chlorissa viridata L.: Small Grass Emerald

Resident? Woods.

The locations rather suggest that the moth may be a temporary
resident or casual adventive from Surrey and Sussex.

10. Westerham (Carrington, Entomologist. 19: 202).

12. Ham Street Woods, one taken by C. A. W. Duffieid, May 31. 1949
(Scott, 1950).

13. Tunbridge Wells, 1891 (Beeching, Eni. Rec.. 2 229) .

[(Folkestone, 1912 (Rait-Smith, Ent. Rec. 25 174): determination

erroneous (W. Rait-Smith, in litt.).)]

{8)

(supplement)

First Record, 1866 : Between Westerham and Crockham Hill not far
from the Schoolhouse “on the sloping bank as we leave the thicker shrub,

I have taken several good species, such as Nemoria viridata. . .
(Carrington, loc. cit.).

Thalera fimbrialis Scopoli: Sussex Emerald.

Resident. Shingle beach; on yarrow, gorse.

15. Dungeness. — Has occurred over a range of some three miles of
of shingle, but seems chiefly to be located in the region of the old light-
house, and so far as is known its distribution does not reach Greatstone,
Lydd, or the Hope and Anchor. Is decidedly local, apparently prefering
places in which there is considerable growth of Arrhenatherum elatius,
upon the stems of which the imago has frequently been found resting at
night.

The species was first discovered on July 28, 1950, by A. M. Morley and
G. H. Youden. close to the old level crossing; and with D. G. Marsh and
C. G. M. de Worms, a total of 8 (S d and 8 9 9 fiad been taken by
August 6 (Morley et. al., Proc. S. Lond. ent. mat. Hist. Soc., 1950-51 : 36,
50-52; Morley and Youden, Ent. Gaz.. 3: 193). On August 4, 1951, working
independently of the above. I found the insect in fair numbers, including
some just emerged, in a very restricted locality not far from the light-
house, also at m.v.l. by the old Pilot Inn. as well as odd ones elsewhere
iC.-H., Ent. Rec., 64: 10).

The species has probably been seen annually since 1950, indeed, we
have records of its occurrence for almost every year following its dis-
covery, and the indications are that it is fairly v/ell established. The
following are among the records — 1954, in some numbers (P. B. Wacher);
1955 (R. F. Birchenough); 1956, July 28 <W. L. Rudland); 1957 (P. Cue),
July 28 (A. E. Gardner); 1958 ^P. Cue); 1959 (A. L. Goodson); 1963, three
9 9, July 18 (C.-H.); 1964, July 17 (R. G. Chatelain); 1965, seventeen
July 11 (1). 13 (1). 19 (3). all at m.v.l. (R. E. Scott); 1968. at Boulderwall,

including several just emerged, August 3-5 (C.-H.); 1967, at Boulderwall,
July 19 (3), 21 (1), August 23 (1), all at m.v.l. (R. E. Scott).

The moth normally reaches optimum numbers about August 1, but in
1952 was seen on the wing as early as June according to Kettlewell (in
Ent. Rec., 65: 305), yet was still out and in good condition on July 25
that year (C.-H., Entomologist, 86: 106).

The feral larva was first discovered in 1952 by H. B. D. Kettlewell,
who noticed several among yarrow heads collected in August that year;
and on June 2, 1953, found others “over a considerable area of the
Ness", some of which were full grown (Kettlewell, Ent. Rec., 65 : 305-307).
Also found by R. F. Bretherton, who took two on yarrow, September 24,
1955, and three at night. June 3, 1956; and by A. L. Goodson, who took
two on yarrow, September 19, 1960. The species is clearly not confined
to yarrow, and about 10 p.m. on August 3, 1965, it was an interesting
experience to find a Q ovipositing in the wild on gorse, two ova being
laid close to a top shoot, both of which duly hatched on August 14,
together with a number of others laid subsequently by the same individual
m captivity (C.-H., Ent. Rec., 77: 228).

First Record, 1950: A. M. Morley and G. H. Youden.

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I Hemistola chrysoprasaria Esper; Small Emerald.

I Native. Hedges, copses, wood borders; on Clematis vitalba. Mainly
on the chalk, where it is locally plentiful in lanes and on downs. Recorded
from all divisions, except that it is notably absent from 9. Apparently
scarce or casual in 2-4, 10-16. “Generally distributed on the chalk”
(V.C.H., 1908).

Obs. — On September 7, 1947, in the town of Bromley (div. 1), W. A.
Cope and I beat ninety larvae from one roadside C. vitalha bush
(C.-H.); F. T. Grant (in litt.) states that he found 26 larvae at Whitehill
(div. 6) on May 25, 1916, having spotted them by the “partly eaten
half-withered leaf”; and Green (Ent. Rec., 53: 79) records taking full fed
larvae in Kent on July 11, a very late date.

2. Dartford district (B. K. West).

3. Whitstable, one taken by D. Pierce, c.1948 (C.-H.). Eddington at
light, July 5, 1949; three, 1951 (D. G. Marsh).

4. Ickham, occasionally, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh).

10. Sevenoaks, one at light, July 19, 1947 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary).

11. Sevenoaks Weald, one, July 25, 1960 (E. A. Sadler).

12. Ashford Town. June 30, 1938 (E. Scott); 1954, 1955 (P. Cue). Char-
tham (P. B. Wacher). Willesborough, one in m.v.t., July, 1961 (M. Single-
ton); two, 1963 (W. L. Rudland).

13. Goudhurst, frequent at m.v.l. (W. V. D. Bolt, pers comm., 1961).

14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull).

15. Dymchurch (Wakely, Ent. Rec. 65; 44). Greatstone, one, July 21,
1963 (C.-H.).

16. Folkestone Town (Morley, Ent. Rec., 64: 171).

Variation. — Bowman (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1915-16: 129)
exhibited two abs., bred from. Kent larvae, in which the transverse lines
converge; and Wright tProc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1962: 53) two
taken near Ashford, August 5, 14, 1962, in which much of the green
scaling is replaced by cream.

In RCK, is one with “transverse lines approximated,” “North Kent/
1918/L. W. Newman”; and one with basal line almost absent, “North
Kent/vii 1927/L. W. Newman.”

An ab. having converging cross-lines and partly united with white
suffusion on forewing, bred by B. K. West, Dartford, 1946. is the holotype
of ab. confracta (C.-H., Entomologist, 94: 283, pit. 7, fig. 8),

First Record, 1794; "Phalaena Lucidata, Dartford Emerald Moth . .
woods about two or three miles beyond Dartford, particularly on the
skirts of Darnwood and near the banks of the Thames at Queenhithe”
(Donovan, Nat. Hist. Br. Ins., 3; 67).

Jodis lactearia L.: Little Emerald

Native. Woods and their vicinity; on birch, Spanish chestnut. Re-
corded from all divisions except 5, 16 (doubtless present), 9, 15. Generally
less frequent now in 1 than formerly; few records for 4. “Generally com-
mon” (V.C.H., 1908).

The larva was taken on birch, Brasted Chart (div. 10), September,
1912, and reared (Gillett, Diary); and at Wateringbury (div. 11) I took a
number on Spanish chestnut in 1964 and 1965, and reared them (C.-H.).

1. Recent records are: — Joydens Wood (B. K. West). Falcon Wood,
Shooters Hill, one. May 28, 1947 (J F, Burton) Abbey Wood, at light.

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(supplement)

1951 (A. J. Showier). Farningham Wood, several, June 22, 1955 (A. A
Alien). Hayes (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956; 62).

. 4. Ickham, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh).

First Record, 1859: Tenterden, abundant (Stainton, Man., 2: 36),

Sterrhinae

Cycicphora pendularia Clerck: orbicularia Hiibner; Dingy Mocha

Native, probably now long extinct. Woods; foodplant unrecorded.
Note : It is now more than 60 years since this species was last seen in
the county.

1. “Woods near Frith” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 199). Deptford, “ I used
to take it on the palings of my garden at Deptford forty years ago and it
was then reckoned a great rarity; there was a rope-walk immediately
adjoining the garden, and a double row of willows seven hundred yards
in length” (E. Newman, III. Nat. Hist. Br. Moths, 73). Lee, one taken by
C. Fenn, on a lamp, August 23, 1862 (Fenn. Diary). Near Plumstead,
taken by B. A. Bower, pre. 1909 (H. C. Huggins). Blackheath, one; West
Wickham (V.C.H., 1908); H. C. Huggins tells me possibly the Blackheath
record is based upon Bower’s capture (C.-H.).

6. Longfield, one emerged August 4, 1876, from a larva that was
beaten out (Jennings, Entomolgist, 9: 208).

6a. Chattenden Roughs, rare, May and August (Chaney, Rochester
Nat., 1885 : 9).

[13. Tunbridge Vv/'ells, a doubtful record (Knipe, 1916)].

14. Tenterden, two by beating (in 1853) (Beale, Zoologist, 4130),

First Record, 1831 ; Stephens, loc. cit.

G. anniilata Schulze; Mocha

Native, woods, copses; on maple. Perhaps now extinct in 1.

1. West Wickham, 1859 (Barrett, Ent. week. Int., 7: 75); one (Lockyer,
Young Nat., 8: 104). Shooters Hill Wood, two. May 28-June 2, 1863; Bos-
tall Heath, August 11, 1863, August 19, 1865; Joydens Wood, one, August
11, 1875, one, September 3, 1888 (Fenn, Diary). Derrick Wood, fairly
common (W. Barnes in Wool. Surv., 1909). Sidcup, one, July 23, 1911
(Kidner, Diary). Bexley (V.C.H., 1908).

3. Blean Woods, one. May 26, 1866 (Fenn, Diary). Herne Bay, one;
Pine Wood, one (D. G. Marsh). Den Grove, larva beaten from maple,
June, 1939; three imagines May 13-14, one. May 22, 1944; one. May 24,
1953 (C.-H.).

5. Westerham (R. C. Edwards).

6. Longfield (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (54), ii). Greenhithe (A. B.
Farn MS.). Eynsford, 9. June 22, 1902 (Shaw, Trans .Cy. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1902; 17). Fawkham, larva (E. J. Hare).

6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 199); (Curtis, Br. Ent., 447);
May 31, 1863 (Fenn, Diary); (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 172). Greenhithe, May,
31, 1859 (Fenn, Diary). Cobham Great Wood, May 23, 1868 (J. J. Walker
MS.). Chattenden, June 2, July 26, 1869 (J. J. Walker MS.); 1894 (Gurney,
Proc. Nonpareil ent. nat. Hist. Soc., for September 20, 1894, in Entomolo-
gist, 27 : 360); 1895 (Rose, Ent. Rec., 7 : 22); larvae abundant, September
17, 1911 (Kidner, Diary); May 25 (16), June 1 (5), July 27, 1912; May 16.
1919; May 26, 1923, May 26, 1925, June 6, 1927 (F. T. Grant); 1949 (S.
Wakely). [Chattenden] (Entomologist, 13: 163); three at sugar, August

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1896 (Turner, Proc. S. Land. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1896: 57); (Ent. Rec., 1
64, 5: 221); Chaney, 1884-87).

8 Folkestone, woods (Knaggs, 1870). Woolwich Wood, one, June 3.
1900; three. May 27, three, June 5, 1901 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary; Stockwell.
Entomologist, 34: 26); one, June 20, 1954 (W. D. Bowden). Shepherdswell:
Temple Ewell; Whitfield (E. & Y., 1949). Elham, one at acetylene lighl
at Wingmore, June 30, 1934 (W. E. Busbridge Diary). Covert Wood, June
13, 1949 (G. H. Youden). Womenswold, July 1, 1951 (W. D. Bowden).
Haddling Wood, 9, May 10, 1952 (D. G. Marsh, Dairy).

10. Seal (Carrington, Entomologist, 31 : 76).

Wateringbury, 1901 (E. Goodwin, MS); (V.C.H., 1908). Shipbourne

(P. A. & D. J. A. Buxton coll.). Aylesford, one, 1954 (G. A. N. Davis).

12. Ham Street, May 24, 1935, one by A. M. Morley (Scott, 1936); one.
May 27, 1954 (E. J. Hare); July 28, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton).

13. Pembury, common (Stainton, Man., 2: 39). Bidborough (Knipe.
1916).

14. Tenterden, common (Stainton, Man., 2: 39). Woodchurch, one.

August 6, 1899 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary). Sandhurst, 1930; at light.
August 20, 1945; August 2, 1948, also at light (G. V. Bull).

16. Folkestone, one, 1934 (A. Riddell teste A. M. Morley); two at m.v.l.
in the town, August 24, 1952 (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — Riding (Ent. Rec., 11 : 213) records one taken at Tunbridge
Wells, by C. E Partridge, c. 1894, which conforms to ab. obsoleta Riding.

According to Barrett (Lepidoptera of the British Isles, 7 : 317), in the
Dover district, S. Webb found a race producing a variety of forms in
some of which the cross-lines were much intensified and blackened (cf.
Barrett, op. cit., pit. 327, figs. 2a, 2b).

The following named abs. are in RCK : — sertaria Dannehl. “Dover/
21, 26.vii.l877/S. Webb” (2); “Dover/27.iii.l878/S. Webb (2, one of which
figured in Barrett); “Caught Chattenden/7.6.77/S. Webb” (1). fasciata
Lempke, “Chattenden/21.5.1900” (1). extenuata Dannehl, “Bexley bred
1900/brood 2/L. W. Newman” (1).

A remarkable melanic ab., taken at Pegwell Bay (div. 4 or 9) bj^
Dudley Wright, September 1896, and thought to be either this species or
an “Acidalia”, was exhibited by E. E. Green, at Entomological Society of
London, November 4, 1896 (Goss, Entomologist, 29: 371).

First Record, 1809 : “Habitat in Cantio frequens . . .” (Haworth, Lep.
Brit., 2: 312).

C. albipunctata Hufnagel: pendularia sens, auct.; Birch Mocha

Native. Woods, heaths; on birch. Recorded many times from 1. 6a
(Darenth Wood), 11-13.

A. M. and F. A. Swain took the larva on birch at Petts Wood, in
1951; and D. R. M. Long took it on this at Crofton. A. R. Kidner (Diary)
records taking the larva on the following dates : Darenth, September 24.
1909, September 25, 1910, September 26, 1913; Joydens Wood, September
25, 1911; St. Paul’s Cray Common, September 27, 1909, September 2, 1911.
August 31, 1912, August 2, 1913, September 15, 1922, September 20, 1928
September 21, 1936; Darenth. October 2, 1931.

In 1957, R. F. Bretherton took a moth at Orlestone Woods on Septem-
ber 22, an abnormally late date, and perhaps representing a partial
second generation.

(12)

( supplement)

3. Blean Woods, pair in cop., May 18, 1866 (Fenn, Diary).

5. Derrick Wood*; Farnborough* {Wool. Surv., 1909).

6. Greenhithe (A. B. Farn MS).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87).

8. Horndean Wood (Knaggs, 1870). Woolwich Wood, two. May 2o,
1896; four, June 5, one, June 9, 1901 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary). Dover, one,
1911, in Stockwell coll. (C.-H.).

10. Westerham (R. C. Edwards). Sevenoaks, a larva, 1946 (F. D.
Greenwood).

14. Tenterden, very common (Stainton, Man., 2: 39). Woodchurch
I Scott, 1950).

15. Lydd Village, August 1965 (D. W. H. ffennell).

16. Folkestone Town (Morley, Ent. Rec., 64: 171).

Variation. — Barrett (Lep. Br. Is., 7: 325) mentions specimens from
Dover, with “dark purple blotches along hind margin.”

An extreme melanic specimen, bred by a Mr. Shrosbree from Birch
Wood larva, was exhibited by C. Miller at Entomological Society of Lon-
don, October 7, 1861, and became the holotype of ab. decoraria Newman
(cf. Newman, Zoologist, 7798; Bond, Entomologist, 9: 217; Prout, Ento-
mologist, 53 : 53),

W. A. Cope took a 9 ah. suhroseata Woodforde, on Bromley Common.
May 1948, from which a number of this ab. appeared in the F2 genera-
tion, among many typical specimens (C.-H.).

In RCK are the following abs. : — unicoloria Lamb., two, Darenth, 1900,
bred; striata Lempke, one, “Kent/Harwood/13.v.l903,” one, “North Kent
/V.1929/L. W. Newman,” one, “Bexley/June 19u6/L. W. Newman”;
linearia Lamb., one, “North Kent/7. 1929/L. W. Newman,” one, “Darenth
fored/5.90.”

First Record, 1833: Birch Wood (Curtis, Br. Ent., 447).

C. pupillaria Hiibner: Blair’s Mocha
Immigrant? Gardens.

6. Otford, c?, taken by W. B. Manley in m.v. trap, August 22, 1955
‘('Manley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nut. Hist. Soc., 1956: 1; idem. Entomologist,
89: 121); one, 1959 (French, Entomologist, 95: 176).

16. Folkestone Town, (^ , taken in m.v. trap, October 3, 1962 (Morley,
Proc. S. Lond. ent. nut. Hist. Soc., 1962: 42).

First Record, 1956 : Manley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nut. Hist. Soc.,
1956: 1.

C. porata L.: False Mocha

Native. Woods; on oak. Casual in 2.

1. Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 200). Sydenham (Cox, Ent. week.
Int., 6: 188). West Wickham (Barrett, Ent. week, Int., 7: 75); (Allchin,
Ent. week. Int., 8: 3); (Carr, Entomologist, 34: 108). Dartford (James,
Entomologist, 31: 57). Bexley (Carr, Entomologist, 33: 47; idem. Ento-
mologist, 34: 108). Shooters Hill; Lee; Lewisham; Derrick Woo^-: Black-
heath (Wool. Surv., 1909). Sidcup, one, 1912; Bexley Park Wood, one.
1912 (A. R. Kidner, Diav'). Chislehurst (S. F. P. Blyth). Petts Wood,
1951, larvae on oak (A. M. and F. A. Swain).

2. Sheerness, one. May 25, 1868 (J. J. Walker MS.).

3. Blean Woods, one, May 13. one. May 31, 1866 (Fenn, Diary); on '

(supplement)

(13)

June 9, two, June 11, 1934 (T. G. Edwards, Diary). Chestfield, August 14,
1939; Whitstable, one, 1943 (P. F. Harris). Great Elall Wood, 2. beaten
from cover, June 29, 1946 (C.-H.).

5. Chevening, September 16, 1912 (Gillett, Diary).

6. Gravesend (H. C. Huggins). Shoreham* (H. E. Hammond).

6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, loc. cit.); May 29, 1859 (H. Tomkins,
Diary); two, July 26, 1911 (F. T. Grant). Greenhithe, May 23, 1859 (Fenn,
Diary). Chattenden, several, 1869 (J. J. Walker MS.); two larvae.
September 17, 1911 (A. R. Kidner, Diary); 1912, 1927 (F. T. Grant).
Swanscombe Wood, larvae (F. T. Grant). Cobham (H. C. Huggins).

7. Chilham, June 10, 1951 (W. D. Bowden).

8. Horndean Wood (Knaggs, 1870). (Folkestone (V.C.H., 1908), may
refer). Woolwich Wood, one, June 5. one, June 9, 1901 (H. D. Stockwell,
Diary; Stockwell coll.) Dover. (E. & Y., 1949), may refer).

10. Brasted Chart, September 4, 1912, August 16, 1913 (Gillett, Diary),
Westerham (R. C. Edwards).

11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Shipbourne, one, August 20. 1914 (P. A.

D. J. A. Buxton coll.). Hoads Wood (P. Cue). Ayiesford, 1953. 1954 (G. A.
N. Davis).

12. Ashford* (Chittenden, Proc. S. Loud. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 18S9
107); noted in the town by P. Cue (E. Scott). Ham Street, June 1, August
18, 1935, August 20, 1939 (A. J. L. Bowes); de Worms, Entomologist, 81 :
140); not uncommon in Long Rope and adjacent woods, 1939, 1946-51 (C.-
H.); June 2-4, 1950, June 1-2, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton); 1958, (de Worms,
Entomologist, 92: 69); four. May 13, 1960 (R. G. Chatelain). Wye, one.
May 27, two, August 12-14, 1953, one, August 5. 1954, one. May 25, 1956
(W. L. Rudland).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 1 ; 38). Tunbridge Wells one. August 3,
1896 at field meeting of N. London Nat. Hist. Soc. (Tremayne, Ent. Rec.,
8: 191); rather scarce (Knipe, 1916). Goudhurst, one. 1960 (W. V. D. Bolt).

14. Tenterden (Stainton, Man., 2: 38). Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). Wood-
church, six, August 6, 1899 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary).

16. Folkestone Town (A. M. Morley). Priory Wood, two, June 19, 1965
<R. G. Chatelain).

Variation. — I have examples of abs. rubearia Lamb., linearia Lamb.,
and punctularia Lamb., from Kent (C.-H.); and Morley (Proc. S. Lond.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1947-48: 33) exhibited rubearia Lamb., and linearia
Lamb., from Ham Street dist.

The following named abs. are in RCK : delinearia Silb., Herne Bay,
bred May 29, 1906, L. B. Prout (1); uniformata Lempke, Yalding, 1900 (1).
basirubra Cockayne, holotype, Eynsford, July 1900, J. Greenwood (D;
rubearia Lamb., North Kent, 1917, L. W. Newman (3), Bexley, bred 1901,
L. W. Newman (1); linearia Lamb., Herne Bay, bred 1906, L. B. Prout (D,
Erith, 1900, Goddard (1).

First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit.

C. punctaria L.: Maiden’s Blush

Native. Woods; on oak, birch.

1. West Wickham (Barrett, Ent. week. Ini., 7 : 75); larvae on birch
and oak (Huckett, Ent. week. Int., 10: 51); 1893 (Robinson, Entomologist,
26: 224); 1900 (Carr, Entomologist, 34: 108); 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell).
Bexley (Carr, Entomologist, 33: 47; idem.. Entomologist, 34: 108); one.

(14)

(supplement)

June 24, 1951, one. May 15, two, August 29, 1952 (A. Heselden). Kidbrook:
Lee; Shooters Hill; Derrick Wood, Farnborough; Beckenham (Wool. Surv..
1909). Chislehurst (S. F. P. Blyth), Petts Wood, 1946 (A. M. and F. A.
Swain); annually 1947-50 (E. Evans). Crofton, larva on oak (D. R. M.
Long). Well Wood, two, 1948 (C.-H.). Dartford, odd specimens seen most
years (B. K. West) Farningham Wood, larva (Haynes, Proc. S. Lond. ent.
nat. Hist. Soc., 1951-52: 81) Shooters Hill Wood, one. May 15. 1956 (A. A.
Allen). Orpington (R. G. Chatelain).

3. Blean Woods, one. May 31, 1866 (Fenn, Diary). Herne, one, June

4, 1937 (P. F. Harris).

4. Deal, one, August 22, 1892 (Fenn, Diary). Ickham, several, 1954-59
(D. G. Marsh).

6. Gravesend (H. C. Huggins). Shoreham* sparingly (H. E. Hammond'
6a. Greenhithe, May 23, 1859 (Fenn, Diary). Darenth Wood, May 28.

1859 (H. Tompkins, Diary); larvae (Huckett, loc. cit.); (H. C. Huggins); (E.
J. Hare). C'hattenden, June 2, 1869 (J. J. Walker MS.); (Chaney, 1884-87);
(H. C. Huggins); June 10, 1927 (F. T. Grant). Cobham (H. C. Huggins).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, loc. cit.). Westwell, May 29, 1949 (E.
Scott).

8. Lady Wood (Knaggs, 1870) (Folkestone (V.C.H., 1908), may refer).
Kingsdown (Tutt, Entomologist, 20; 227). Woolwich Wood, one, June 9.
1901 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary). Dover, two, 1910 (H. D. Stockwell coll.).
Lords Wood (E. & Y., 1949).

9. Cliftonville, one, September 5, 1950 (W. D. Bowden).

10. Brasted (R. M. Prideaux). Westerham (R. C. Edwards); May 8
1937 (Coote and Jacobs, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1937-38: 37).

11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Aylesford, two, 1952-53 (G. A. N. Davis).
Floads Wood (P. Cue, teste E. Scott); larvae (M. Enfield).

12. Ham Street (Scott, 1936); not common in Long Rope, 1946-51 (C.-
H.); (de Worms, Entomologist, 81 : 140); June 2, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton):
one, July 1959, common, May 1960 (M. Singleton). Ashford, 1950 (E. Scott).
Willesborough, one, May 25, one, June 4, two, August 22, 1954, one, June

5, 1955, one, July 27, 1964 (W. L. Rudland).

13. Pembury, common (Stainton, Man., 2: 38). Tunbridge Wells (E. D.
Morgan); one, 1957, one, 1958, (L. R. Tesch per C. A. Stace). Goudhurst,
one, 1950 (W. V. D. Bolt). Iden Green, two, 1951 (H. Boxall).

14. Tenterden, common (Stainton, loc. cit.). Sandhurst (G. V. Bull).
Hawkhurst, one 1952 (B. G. Chatfield).

15. Dymchurch (G. V. Bull). Dungeness, June 13, 1962 (T. W. Har-
man).

16. Near Hythe (Morley, 1931). Folkestone, seventeen, 1951 (Morley
Ent. Rec., 64: 171). Folkestone*, October 12 (2), 14 (1) 1959 (French.
Entomologist, 59 : 177).

Variation. — In RCK, is ab. erythrescens Preiss, “*Dartford 4.5.1900’"
(1); and I have one. Ham Street, August 1946, which I judge to be refer-
able to ab. naevata Bastelh. (C.-H.).

First Record, 1859; Stainton, loc. cit.

C. linearia Hiibner: Clay Triple-lines
Native. Woods; on beech.

1. Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 201). West Wickham (Robinson,
Entomologist, 26 : 224); (Wells, Ent. Rec., 3 : 35). Pauls Cray Common.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(15)

larvae (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc. 1900: 18). Derrick Wood (.Wool
Surv., 1909). Beckenham, an ab., October 20, 1910 (Blenkarn, Proc. S.
Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1910-11 : 146). Orpington, 1954 (L. W. Siggs).
Bromley, one in m.v. trap. May 23, 1964 (D. R. M. Long).

3. Blean, May 31, 1866 (Fenn, Diary); June 1894 (S. Wacher MS); (W.
A. Cope). Canterbury, June 1894 (S. Wacher MS.). Church Wood, one,
June 9, 1925, two, June 28, 1929 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). East Blean Wood,
one, c. 1935; Broad Oak, May 29, 1937 (C.-H.). Herne Bay, one, 1947 (D. G.
Marsh).

5. Chevening, August 29, 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (Proc. S.
Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 192^-25: 107); (G. V. Bull); (R. C. Edwards).
Biggin Hill (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 70).

6. Longfield (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (54), ii). Otford (Proc. S.
Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1902: 50). Shoreham, larva, September 17,
1932 (A. R. Kidner, Diary); sparingly (H. E. Hammond); 1949 (L. W.
Siggs); larva on beech (D. R. M. Long).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). Sharsted (H. C. Huggins). West-
well, July 15, 1934 (A. J. L. Bowes); June 12, 1938; sometimes common
(E. Scott); several, 1960 (M. Enfield). Eastwell (P. Ctie).

8. Kearsney, two, June 5, one, June 30, 1895. one. May 23, 1897 (H. D.
Stockweil, Diary). Dover, five, bred (FI. D. Stockwell coll.). Wye Crown,
one, July 15, 1925 (H. G. Gomm, Diary); several, June 4, 1938 (C.-H.F
Brook (C. A. W. Duffield). Waldershare (E. & Y., 1949).

9. Margate, one, June 23, 1951 (W. D. Bowden).

10. Sevenoaks (V.C.H., 1908); June 22, 1919 (Gillett, Diary); 1949 (F. D.
Greenwood). Brasted Chart, larva, 1913, larva, 1916 (Gillett, Diary).
River Hill (G. V. Bull).

11. Wateringbury, 1901 (Goodwin MS). Yalding (V.C.H., 1908).

12. “Woods of the Weald”* (Scott, 1936). Wye, one, August 19, 1953,
one, August 26, 1955, one, May 28, one, July 14, 1956; Willesborough, one,
July 4, 1957 (W. L. Rudland). Ham Street, August 15-20, 1960 (C. R.
Haxby and J. Briggs).

13. Pembury (Stainton, 1859). Tunbridge Wells district*, common
among beeches (Knipe, 1916).

16. Near Hythe (Morley, 1931). Folkestone, one, 1954 (R. W. Faw-
throp teste A. M. Morley); one C- July 19. 1959 (Morley, Proc. S. Lond.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1959: 43).

Variation. — Prout (Proc. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1908-9) records
an ab. from Ashford district, with “central line much broadened and ac-
centuated in colour”; and Turner (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1925-
26 : 68) exhibited one from Westerham, with obsolescent transverse lines.

I have a remarkable ab. from Blean, bred by D. G. Marsh, August 17,
1951, in which the normal yellow ground is replaced by deep pink (C.-H.).

First Record, 1809 : “Imago in Cantio Sylvaticis” (Haworth, Lepidop-
tera Britannica, 2 : 314).

Timandra griseata Petersen: amata auct. nec L.: Blood-vein.

Native. Woods, marshes, stubble fields, waste places, etc.; on Polygonum
aviculare, dock. “Common in many places” (V.C.H., 1908). Frequent and
found in all divisions, including Sheppey (div. 2).

There appear to be two generations annually, with perhaps a partial
third in favourable seasons. At Bromley, D. R. M. Long noted the moth

(16) entomologist’s record, VOL. 81 15/III/69

in 1959 as early as May 23, and in 1964, as late as September 29; and his j
maximum recorded total for any one night was five on August 12, 1966. !

The second generation is normally numerically the greatest, and this is ;
clearly shown in W. L. Rudland’s records as follows: Willesborough (div. j
12), 1954, May 26-July 11 (10), July 31-September 4 (36); 1955, June 8-20
(7), July 24-September 11 (19); 1956, May 31-July 2 (12), July 15-Septem-
ber 18 (48); 1957, June 6-August 18 (17), September 18-October 3 (4); 1958.
July 19-August 3 (7); 1963, June 8-July 19 (7), August 1-September 3 (4);
1964, July 20-October 2 (12). Wye (div. 12), 1953, June 5 (2), August 5-
October 7 (11); 1954, August 5-September 5 (7); 1955, July 22-October 1
(4); 1956, May 31-July 8 (5), August 10-25 (4).

W. A. Cope found larvae in September 1947 on P. aviculare growing
in stubble fields at West Wickham, and reared them; and D. R. M. Long
has taken the larva on dock at Bromley. J. F. Burton took two larvae,
Ruxley Gravel Pit, Footscray (div. 1), March 29, 1948, but does not specify
the foodplant.

Variation. — Ab. pulverata Cockayne, E. J. Hare took an example of this
striking form, Pinden (div. 6), July 13, 1947.

First Record, 1831: Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 203).

Scopula nigropunctata Hufnagel: Sub-angled Wave.

Resident, perhaps native. Woods, rough chalky places; foodplant unknown. ^

6a. Near Darenth* (Stephens, Haust, 3: 318). Darenth Wood (Stainton.
Man., 2 : 48), may refer to the latter.

8. Folkestone. — The moth occurred amongst Clematis in hollows in
the Warren according to Knaggs (Qtly. J. Folkestone nat. Hist. Soc., 1869:

77; Ent. Ann., 1886: 156). It was apparently first discovered here by H.
Tompkins, who took a single specimen at the end of July 1858 (Tompkins,
Zoologist, 6249); and was then, it seems, taken fairly regularly at this
locality over the next thirty years or so (cf. Ent. Ann., 1880: 142; 1886:

142, 156; 1867: 155; 1869: 139. Entomologist, 5: 164, 221; 14: 215; 15: 200;

54: 286; 58: 179. Ent. mon. Mag., 2 : 210; 8: 91. Fenn, Diary, July 1888,
by W. E. Butler).

Though occasionally noted in considerable numbers, as for example in
1882, when about two dozen specimens were recorded from June 30 on-
wards (Salwey, Entomologist, 15: 197), the species had almost disappeared
by 1892, according to Barrett (Br. Lep., S: 75); and since 1900, the moth
appears to have been captured there on only four occasions: July 1, 1903,
one in Sidgewick coll. (Woodforde, Entomologist, 58 : 178); one, July 24,
1906 (Conquest, Entomologist, 40: 296); one, July 6, 1912 (Rait-Smith,
Ent. Rec., 25: 174); and, finally, a cS , July 28, 1954, taken by H. N. Michaelis
at rest on a wall below the Valiant Sailor Inn (H. N. Michaelis), which
specimen is in R.C.K. (C.-H.).^

iTliere is some indication that Potentilla erecta may be the natural pabulum,
since this is predominant in the tiny clearing at Orlestone where 1
repeatedly took the moth, and is moreover relished by the larvae in
captivity. However, close search at night in the spring failed to reveal the
larva, even in so circumscribed an area, and notwithstanding the fact that
I knew it well from having reared it from the egg (C.-H.)

2The moth was formerly reared many times from ova deposited by females taken
in the Warren, and until recently the progeny from these constituted the
bulk of specimens in collections. Since 1963, a fair number has been bred
from Orlestone stock, and for a detailed account of its rearing from there
by Haggett, cf. Ent. Rec., 75 ; 239-240.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(17)

12. Orlestone Woods. — 1951: July 6, c?, taken at light by E. H. Wild
(Wild, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1951-52: 12, 46). 1958: July 15,

, taken by S. M. Jackson (S. M. Jackson in litt. to S. Wakely) (the
reference to S. Wakely in Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1958: 12, is
erroneous — C.-H.). 1959: July 6, cj' (M, Singleton). 1961: July 5, q
beaten out of bushes by day (Blathwayt, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1962: 24); July 27, 9 (M. Singleton). 1962: July 15, (5 beaten from
spruce by day; July 28, 3 (S d ^ taken flying between 10 and 12 p.m. in a
small clearing within a few yards of the same spot (C.-H.); July 23, d.
August 5, 9c5'. August 8, d at sugar patch (M. Enfield); August 4, 2 dd>
August 12, 9 (G, M. Haggett); August 5, 9 , August 8, d (M. Singleton).
1964: July 19, two (B. K. West); July 30, d (A. Richardson). 1965: July
24, one (R. G. Chatelain).

16, Folkestone Town, July 24, 1946, d at lighted window (Morley,
Entomologist, 79: 271).

Variation. — The following named aberrations are in R.C.K. : anasto-
mosaria Preiss., one, “Folkestone/J. R. Wellman”; crassestrigata Lpk..
three, Folkestone; basinuda Lpk., one, Folkestone.

First Record, 1831 : ''Timandra variegata . . . very rare; my specimens
were taken in a lane near Darenth in June” (Stephens, loc. cit.).

[S. virgulata Denis & Schiffermuller: strigaria Htibner.

Questionably genuine. Two specimens alleged to have been taken in
1870, constitute the only known British record.

6. Gravesend* — On November 21, 1870, at meeting of the Entomological
Society of London, F. Bond exhibited ''Acidalia strigaria, Hiibn., from
Gravesend . . . taken by Mr. Button during the present season” (Bond,
Proc. ent. Soc. Lond., 1870: xxxvii). Near Gravesend, d> 9. taken 1870
by D. T. Button (Knaggs, Ent. Ann., 1871 : 88-89). One, “taken by Mr.
Button, near Gravesend, 1870” (Stevens, Catalogue H. Burney coll. Sale.
21.xi.l893, lot 236, p. 14), with many other “Acidalia”, fetched only 5s
(South, Entomologist, 27 : 103). Two strigaria in Dale coll, with no
further data than “Gravesend” (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 45 : 177).

Meyrick (1895, Br. Leg., 243;; 1927, Rev. Br. Leg., 205) admits the species
as Kentish without reservation.]

S. ornata Scopoli: Lace Border.

Native. Chalk downs and banks; foodplant unknown. Locally fairly
numerous in many localities in 6, 7, 8. Perhaps casual in 11-13, 16.

Obs. — Folkestone, common amongst marjoram, in Warren (Knaggs.
1870). Between Dover and Sandgate, August 1865, “tolerably plentiful
amongst thyme near Folkestone” (Cox, Ent. mon. Mag., 2: 117). Wye
Crown, one at sugar, July 4, 1946 (G. V. Bull).

1. Birch Wood (Courtney, Entomologist, 1 : 227). Petts Wood, one on
heather, August 16, 1865 (Fenn, Diary). Dartford Heath (C. Fenn, in
Wool, Surv., 1909). West Wickham (E. E. J. Trundell, fide de Worms.
Lond. Nat., 1956: 67).

5. Green Street Green* (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Chevening.
June 5, 1913, August 25, 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Brasted* (R. M. Prideaux).
Westerham (R. C. Edwards).

6a. Darenth (see First Record); (Curtis, Br. Ent., 384).

9. Ramsgate, one, June 27, 1913, one. May 21, 1921 (J. W. C. Hunt).

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entomologist’s record, VOL. 81

15/III/69

11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908).

12. Ashford, one (Scott, 1936). i

13. Tunbridge Wells, one, 1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2 : 229) : two, !

1958 (L. R. Tesch per C. A. Stace). j

16. Folkestone Town, one, 1951 (Morley, Ent. Rec., 64 : 171). i

First Record, 1831 : Darenth (Stephens, Haust., 3 : 307). i

S. rubiginata Hufnagel: Tawny Wave. i

Suspected immigrant. Chalky places. Perhaps nine specimens between
1825 and 1914, mostly (if not all) in 8 and 9. j

Early History. — The earliest mention of Kentish rubiginata is that of
Stephens (Haust., 3 : 309), who writes that “one specimen was taken near
Dover, I think, in 1825”. In 1831, Curtis (Br. Ent., 384) presumably with
reference to this species, and possibly alluding to the foregoing occur-
rence, records that J. Standish took one the beginning of August flying by
day in the North Foreland Meadow, Dover.

1859-1914. — Bond (Proc. ent. Soc. Lond., 1858-59: 79) exhibited one j
taken “in Kent”, in 1859, but there are no other details. '

The three records that follow are all for the Folkestone Warren.

(1) One, taken by J. B. Lynch, beyond the old ‘Pelter’ Brig, “some
years ago” (Knaggs, Qtly. J. Folkestone nat. Hist. Soc., 18S9 (4), 77;
idem, Ent. Ann. 1871 : 75); is perhaps that recorded by Bond (antea)
(C.-H.). (2) One, beaten out of Clematis by T. N. Hoey, near the Rakemere
Pond, July 10, 1870 (Hoey, Entomologist, 5 : 164). (3) The third record

merely states that the species was taken in the Warren in August (1885),
and that it was exhibited by H. W. Barker (Barker, Proc. S. Lond. ent.
nat. Hist., 1885: 5).

H. G. Gomm (Diary) records the moth as having been taken at Kings-
gate (div. 9) in June 1914, and in his coll, are three rubiginata from there
dated 1914, one of which bears the inscription “Kingsgate/5.6.1914” (C.-H.).

First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit.

S. marginepiinctata Goeze: Mullein Wave.

Native. Sea-cliffs, rough grassy places, etc.; on “plantain and other
low plants”. Mainly coastal

Obs. — It will be noted that second generation insects greatly out-
number those of the first brood.

I. Erith, one, June 14, 1884; Lee, two, August 30, 1885 (Fenn, Diary).

Blackheath ( Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1919-20: 6).

Charlton; Lewisham; Bexley district; Eltham; Farnborough* (Wool. Surv.,
1909). Chislehurst (S. F. P. Blyth). Petts Wood, one, 1947, two, 1948' (E.
Evans). Abbey Wood, 1953; Blackheath, 1953 (A. J. Showier). Crayford;
Dartford (B. K. West). Blackheath, rare. At street lamps; once in garden,
September 4, 1956; on fence, August 26, 1955; more common in 1960, at
m.v.l. (A. A. Allen). Bromley, 1959 (1), 1960 (2), 1961 (2), 1962 (5), 1963 (1),
1964 (2), 1965 (2), 1966 (11); earliest date, June 14, 1965, latest date
Septemiber 22, 1962; max. on any one night, September 8, 1966 (D. R. M.
Long).

2. Gravesend, very common everywhere (Button, Entomologist, 4: 129);

(H. C. Huggins). Sheerness to Queenborough, abundant at rest on the sea-
wall, 1871 (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 184). Stroud, c. 1875 (Tutt, Ent.
mon. Mag., 24: 133). New Brompton (Chaney, Rochester Nat., 1885: 9).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Sheppey, August 26, 1899 (Cockayne, Entomolo-
gist, 35 : 219). Seasalter (P. F. Harris); June 25, 1952 (C.-H.). Queensferry,
several, June 26, 1949 (C.-H.).

3. Broad Oak, one at electric light, August 5, 1951 (C.-H.). Eddington.
June 11, 1949, two, June 5, 1950; all at light (D. G. Marsh, Diary).

4. Deal Sandhills, frequently at sugar between July 30 and August 24,
annually 1883-87 (Tutt, loc. cit.). Reculver, September 19, 1935; common
and fresh, August 12, 1938 (A. J. L. Bowes). Sandwich, one, August 5,
1950; June 19, 1954 (C.-H.). Worth, June 11, 1962 (T. W. Harman).

6. Gravesend, at street lamps, June 8, September 13, 16(6), 1912; Sep-
tember 13, 1921; one on fence, July 28, 1912 (F. T. Grant); (H. C. Huggins).
Pinden, common (E. J. Hare, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 68).

7. Kings Wood, July 8, 1936 (Newsome teste E. Scott). Westwell, June
1950 (E. Scott).

8. Folkestone*, 1864 (Meek, Ent. mon. Mag., 1 : 190). Folkestone Warren,
July 11, 1934; August 2, 1935 (J. H. B. Lowe); one, August 1959 (M. Single-
ton). Capel-le-Ferne, July 11, 1939 (C.-H.); one, July 20, 1965 (R. G.
Chatelain). Dover, many full-fed larvae found on plantain and other low
plants, April 1881 (Eedle, Entomologist, 14: 136); July 1883 (Coverdale,
Entomologist, 16: 220). Near Kingsdown (Shepherd, Entomologist, 17:
136). Dover, one, August 20, 1940, one, September 17, 1942 (B. O. C.
Gardiner). Haddling Wood, at sugar, June 30, 1938 (W. E. Busbridge,
Diary). Coastal from Deal to the Warren (E. & Y., 1949). Dover (Stock-
well, Diary). Elmstead (Irby teste E. Scott). Wye Crown, June 18, 1938
(Leeds teste E. Scott). Dover, August 3, 1957 (C.-H.).

9. Margate, 1905 (Barrett, Entomologist, 38: 214); May 23, 1920(1), June
4, 1921 (1), September 11(2), 18(2), 1922; all on fences (H. G. Gomm, Diary);
not uncommon (H. C. Huggins; P. F. Harris); one, September 28, 1951 (W.
D. Bowden).

11. Tonbridge, one (Raynor, Entomologist, 6: 79). Mid. Kent [Yalding],
occasionally at light (Reid, S.-E. Nat., 1904: 53). Aylesford, six, 1954 (G. A.
N. Davis).

12. Ashford, June 1950; several, c. 1953 (P. Cue). Brook (C. A. W.
Duffield teste E. Scott). Chartham, two, c. 1950 (P. B. Wacher). Wye, one,
August 28, 1953 (W. L. Rudland). Willesborough, one, September 9, 1953;
two. May 29-30, one, August 15, 1954; two, June 23, 1956; one, August 21;
one, September 7, 1957 (W. L. Rudland); one at light, 1959; one, 1961 (M.
Singleton).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2 : 48). Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan).

15. Lydd, one, August 22, 1954 (A. M. Morley); two, September 29, 1957
Edwards and S. Welsely teste A. M. Morley); two, September 29, 1957
1962; all in m.v.t. (R. E. Scott); June 13, 1962; August 28, 1964 (T. W.
Harman). Boulderwall, June 12, August 12, 16, 1966 (R. E. Scott).

16. Lower Sandgate Road, Folkestone (Knaggs, 1870). Hythe (Carr,
Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1901 : 65).

Variation. — The ground colour of Kentish specimens is pale grey, and
never reaches the degree of whiteness found in the very pale Sussex form
(C.-H.).

Cockayne (Entomologist, 35 : 219) refers to an example that he took in
Sheppey, August 26, 1899, as similar to that figured (idem, 156) from
Somerset; and I have a similar ab., bred Folkestone, 1896 (C.-H.).

The following named abs. are in R.C.K. : zernyi Schawd., Folkestone,

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one, bred by W. E. Butler, August 8, 1896; pastoraria Joannis, one, Folke-
stone, July 1896,

First Record, 1831 : '‘Ptychopoda contiguaria . . . near Dover”

(Stephens, Haust, 3: 308).

S. imitaria Hiibner: Small Blood-vein.

Native. Hedgebanks, weedy lanesides, waste places, etc.; foodplant un-
known. Fairly frequent and found in all divisions, but with no instance on
record of real plenteousness. Apparently rather scarce now in div. 1, and
becoming increasingly so towards the metropolis.

Although sometimes disturbed by day from bushes and low cover, the
moth is perhaps most often observed at sundown and at dusk, when it
flies naturally. Later it comes freely to light, but seemingly is not very
often taken in light traps. Tutt (1896, Br. Moths, 246) states that it “used to
appear regularly at sugar at Deal”.

1. The only recent records for this division are: Petts Wood, several
each year, 1946-49 (E. Evans); 1951 (A. M. Swain). Orpington, 1948 (L. W.
Siggs). West Wickham, 1952 (R. Birchenough, in de Worms, Lond. Nat.,
1956: 69). St Mary Cray, 1955 (R. G. Chatelain).

Variation. — In R.C.K. are the following named abs. : umbrata Lamb.,
Chatham, one; Folkestone, one; aequilineata Schwingenschuss, Barham,
one.

The ab. having the ground whitish salmon is pallida C.-H.; J holotype,
Ham Fen, 1950, paratypes. Broad Oak, 1939(1), 1951(1) (C.-H., Entomologist,
94: 283).

First Record, 1831: Darenth (Stephens, Haust., 3: 318).

S. emutaria Hiibner: Rosy Wave.

Native. Salt-marshes, brackish ditches; foodplant unknown. Perhaps
casual in 6, 12. Questionable if still present west of Gravesend.

Notwithstanding the fact that Tutt (Ent. Rec., 1 : 20) stated that he took
both broods repeatedly at Deal, there appears to be still insufficient data
on record showing conclusively that there is ever more than a single
generation in Kent.

Walker (Ent. mon. Mag., 34: 252) records that the floods of November
1897 proved disastrous to emutaria, which was extremely scarce in
1898, owing probably to the breaking down of the sea wall and its sub-
sequent repair; and that the same floods also proved disastrous to the
Lasiocampid, Malacosoma castrensis L. (q.v.). It is likely too that the
species was adversely affected by the 1953 floods.

2. Gravesend. — July 13-19, 1866 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.); “a fair series by

mothing and at sugar” (Button, Entomologist, 4: 115, 129); July 10, 1869
(Miller and Jones, Ent. mon. Mag., 6: 114); 1875 (Tugwell, Entomologist,
8 : 293); 1874 (Porritt, Entomologist, 7 : 180). Shorne Mead, Higham, com-
mon (H. C. Hugigns); July 1-3, 1926 (F. T. Grant). In the marshes at
Woolwich and elsewhere on the banks of the Thames (V.C.H., 1908).
Dartford Marshes, two, July 16, 1874; taken abundantly by Packman,
July 25, 1874; July 20, 1887 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.). Isle of Grain, June 29-
July 8, 1908 (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 21 : 32). Sea-wall to Upchurch Marshes,
one, August 1868 (Chaney, 1884-87). Strood (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 2 : 298). Sit-
tmgbourne (Wigan, Entomologist, 7 : 205). Funton (H. C. Huggins).

Queenborough, one, June 12, 1868 (J. J. Walker MS.). Sheppey, 1872, not

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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before July 2, but common after (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 9 : 163); 1873
(Hodgson, Eni. mon. Mag., 10: 180); 1898, extremely scarce (Walker, Ent.
mon. Mag., 34: 252). Near Sheerness, 1899 (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 35:
96). Sheppey, several, July, 1906 (J. J. Jacobs, in Walker coll.). Queens-
bridge, two, June 26, 1949, both worn; one, June 25, 1955 (C.-H.). Stoke
Saltings, one, August 1, 1962 (C.-H.); a few worn, July 10, 1964 (R. G.
Chatelain). Faversham (1871, Morris, Br. Moths, 1 : 167). Faversham
Creek (H. C. Huggins). Graveney Marshes, abundant in ditches and on
the edge of the salt-marshes, June 25, 1952. I counted over 100, most
were fluttering about, but many were also at rest on grass stems,
etc.; two, July 17, 1953, both worn (C.-H.). [Lee Marshes (J. F. Burton, in
de Worms, Lond Nat., 1956: 68), wants confirmation, and is I suspect
erroneous (C.-H.)].

4. Kent Coast [Deal] (see First Record). Deal. — July 4, 1856, 1858,
1859 (Harding, Ent. week, hit., 1: 116; idem, 4: 109; idem, 6: 91); 1881
(Tugwell, Entomologist, 15: 205). Deal Sandhills, July 13-29, 1889 (Fenn,
Diary; Fenn, Lep. Data MS.). Ditch sides at Deal and Sandwich (1901,
Tutt Practical Hints, 1 : 43). Ebbsfleet, several, June 16. 1952 (C.-H.).

6. Pinden, one, July 11, 1954 (E. J. Hare).

12. Ham Street, one at m.v.l., July, 1951; one, July 19, 1965, at m.v.L;
both in Orlestone Woods (C.-H.); one, August 28, 1952 (E. J. Hare).

14. Appledore*, one, July 8, 1899 (R.C.K.).

15. New Romney (1902, Barrett, Br. Lep., 8: 78); (V.C.H., 1908). Dym-
church, common, 1952 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 65: 44). Romney Marsh, July,
1954 (Duffield, Trans, Folkestone nat. Hist. Soc., 1954: 24). Dungeness,
1959 (A. L. Goodson).

Variation. — The majority of Kent emutaria that I have seen are
tinged with pale pink, but among those that I have from Graveney, are
several of a deep rose pink and which conform to ab. suhroseata Haw.

(C.-H.).

In R.C.K. is an ab. with “dusting obsolescent”, Sheppey, two; also,
ab. suhroseata. Sheerness, two, 1899, Gravesend, several.

First Record, 1853: Kent Coast [Deal], exhibited September 6, 1853
(Harding, Proc. Soc. Br. Entomologists, in Zoologist, 4071).

S. immutata L.: Lesser Cream Wave.

Native. Marshes, wet meadows; foodplant unknown. Doubtless long
extinct in 1; perhaps casual in 6, 7 and 9.

1. Near Sydenham, one, 1859 (Cox, Ent. week, hit., 6: 188). West
Wickham; Eltham iV.C.H., 1908).

2. North Kent [Higham], 1874 (Porritt, Entomologist, 7: 181). Graves-
end (V.C.H., 1908). Dartford Marshes (Fenn. Diary, 25.vii.1874; Fenn, in
Wool. Surv., 1909); common, June 28, 1952 (J. F. Burton). Greenhithe (A.
B. Farn MS.). Graveney Marshes, Faversham (H. C. Huggins).

4. Kent Coast [Deal] (see First Record). Deal, two, 1881 (Tugwell,
Entomologist, 14: 214); three, July 25, 1889 (Fenn, Diary; idem, Trans.
Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1892: 37). Near Sandwich, August 5, 1933
(de Worms, Entomologist, 67: 103). Ham Marshes, twenty, July 25, 1891
(Fenn, Diary); July 15, 1935 (J. H. B. Lowe); one, August 5, 1953 (A. M.
Morley); 2c^(j', July 31, 1955 (C.-H.). Westbere, several in 1946 and 1952
(C.-H.).

6. Swanscombe, one in thicket in old chalk-pit, July 1956 (A. A. Allen).

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7. Long Beech Wood (Scott, 1936); a most unlikely locality (C.-H.).

8. Folkestone, one, 1859 (H. Tompkins, Diary). Folkestone Warren, a
few (Knaggs, 1870). Dover, 1883 (Coverdale, Entomologist, 16: 220); a
few in 1945 and one in 1947 (Gardiner, Ent. Gaz., 10: 9). Shepherdswell,
two, 1947 (E. & Y., 1949).

9. Northdown, Margate, one, July 17, 1945 (W. D. Bowden).

10. Sevenoaks, 1919 (Gillett, Entomologist, 53: 23).

11. Tunbridge Wells district* (R. H. Rattery in Knipe, 1916). Leeds
Park (H. C. Huggins). Tonbridge (H. E. Hammond).

12. Ham Street, one, August 7, 1933, in C. G. M. de Worms coll. (C.-H.).
Gibbons Brook (D. Saunders teste Morley, 1931).

15. St. Mary-in-the-Marsh, at car lights, August 1 (1), 2 (1) 1948 (P. le
Masurier). Dungeness, c. 1954 (P. Cue teste A. M. Morley). Boulderwall,
one, June 17, 1966 (R. E. Scott).

First Record, 1853: “Dosithea immutata”, Kent Coast [Deal], exhibited
September 6, 1853 (Harding, Proc. Soc. Br. Entomologists, in Zoologist,
4071).

S. iactata Haworth; Cream Wave.

Native. Woods, copses; foodplant unknown. “Generally common”
(V.C.H., 1908). Recorded from all divisions except 4 and 9. Perhaps casual
in 15.

Chaney (1884-87) gives the moth as occurring in the Rochester dis-
trict.

in May-June and again in August, from which one may presume that
he had observed it there as a partial second generation.

15. Boulderwall, Dungeness, June 12 (1), 14 (1) 1966, both in m.v.
trap (R. E. Scott).

Variation. — In R.C.K. is ab. flavescens Lpk., one, Darenth Wood, May
12, 1920; and in my own collection, is ab. conjunctiva Prout, Trottiscliffe,
one. May 23, 1966 (C.-H.).

First Record, 1859; Pembury and Tenterden (Stainton, Man., 2: 48).

Idaea ochrata Scopoli ssp. cantiata Prout: Bright W^ave.

Native. Coastal sandhills, shingle beach; foodplant unknown.

4. The species ranges over some six miles from Walmer northwards to
the Prince’s Golf Links, Sandwich, but so far as is known, it has never
occurred more than about a mile from the sea-shore. It appears to be
most frequent towards the Sandwich end, at least nowadays, and to show
a preference for rough grassy places, particularly “golf course rough”.

Kent Coast [Deal] (see First Record). Walmer-Sandwich, 1856, 1859
(Harding, Ent. week. Int., 1 : 109, 6: 124); numerous 1881, much less com-
mon 1882 (Tugwell, Entomologist, 14: 214, 15: 205); 1888 (Tutt, Entomol-
ogist, 21: 259; idem. Young Nat., 9: 164). “Folkestone” [probably error
for Deal] (Pearce & Barker, Entomologist, 19: 22). Near Deal and San-
down (Barrett, Br. Lep., 8 ; 9). “Formerly plentiful at Sandwich, but its
locality has been almost destroyed by the establishment of the local golf
links, and it may disappear” (V.C.H., 1908). 1907 (Whittle, Ent. Rec., 20 ;

64). Sandwich, July 25, 1922 (11), July 12, 1923, July 4, 1924 (2), on St.
George’s and Prince’s Golf Links (H. G. Gomm, Diary); July 2, 1949, on
grass stems in the “rough” of St. George’s Golf Links, about 50 at night,
mostly in good condition, and within 100 yards of the seashore; a few

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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worn, August 11, 1945, a score in the afternoon, July 5, 1953, behind the
Guildford Hotel (C.-H.). Walmer Castle, about ten on sandy shingle, 1960
(E. C. Pelham-Clinton).

Variation. — The Kentish ssp. is referable to cantiata Prout, which is
described (in Prout-Seitz, Pal. Geom., 91) as a “rather dull form with but
little red in its colouring”, and “forms a fixed local race in England, where
it is almost confined to one locality on the coast of Kent”. Cockayne
(Ent. Rec., 65: 193) selected a lectotype of ssp. cantiata which specimen is
labelled “Deal, ll.vii.l908. L. B. Prout”, and is in RCK.

In RCK are the following aberrations: (1) With “lines obsolescent”,
one labelled “Deal/S. G. Hills”. (2) With “darkened base”, one, “Deal
27.7.95/W. Purdey”; one, “Deal 1909/L. B. Prout”.

First Record 1831 : “A. pallidaria Hiibn. . . . the only British specimen I
have seen of this, I received from Kent” (Curtis, Br. Ent., 384).

[I. serpentata Hufnagel: perochraria Fischer von Roslerstamm: Ochreous
Wave.

(Questionably Kentish).

With the exception of the Farn record, which may be genuine, all the
records appear to be very doubtful.

4. Deal*, one “Deal 1879” (Stevens, Cat. Rev. J. M. Hick coll. Sale, lot
137, 22.vi.1932, p. 10).

6. “Near Dartford; very rare. Doubtful if ever taken” *(Goss, in
V.C.H.. 1908). “Brent gravel-pit”h one, 1909, “taken by A. B. Farn”, is in
A. F. Griffith coll., det. D. S. Fletcher (Stevens, Cat. A. B. Earn coll. Sale,
4.iv.l922, lot 95, p. 7; Davy, Nat. Mus. Wales Guide to Collections of British
Lepidoptera, 21; Matheson, Nat. Mus. Wales Guide to Collections of British
Lepidoptera, 28)

10. Sevenoaks, “one taken at Sevenoaks, 1880” (Stevens, Cat. Rev. H.
Burney coll. Sale, 21. xi. 1893, lot 229, p. 14; Briggs, Ent. Rec., 8: 88).]

L muricata Hufnagel: auroraria Borkhausen: Purple-bordered Gold.

Resident, perhaps native. Marshes; foodplant unknown’^. Apparently
unobserved since 1891.

4. Ham Fen. — It seems probable that all the Kent records refer to Ham
Fen3; moreover, according to instructions on its exact location from
Thomas Sorrell (in litt., undated (vii.1888) to G. W. Bird), it was found
there in one field only.

In a marsh near Sandwich (in 1865), “I took at the same spot [as
Euphydryas aurinea Rott.)] Hyria auroraria: I think this is new to Deal”
(Harding, Entomologist, 3: 24). “Tutt tells me that auroraria occurs at
Ham Marshes” (Fenn, Diary, 30.vii.l890). “Ham Marshes”, five, July 11,
five, July 14, 1891, all fresh specimens, “I noticed several flying late, even

^This is the Brent near Dartford, Kent, and not the Brent in Devon as suggested
hy Davy loc. cit. (C.-H.).

2The conventional English pabulum PotentiUa palustris (but is there any instance
on record of its having ever been found on this anywhere?) is unrecorded
from Ham Fen, although the locality has been well known Botanically for
well over a century (C.-H.).

SNotvcithstanding the statement in Barrett [Br. Lep., 7 : 332) that it iias been
■ found near Deal and elsewhere in Kent ’. •

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after dark”; three, July 25, 1891 (Fenn, Diary; Fenn, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1891: 132; idem., Ent. Rec., 2: 203). “Ham Ponds, Sandwich”
(V.C.H., 1908).

Variation. — In RCK are two specimens labelled “Ham Ponds/ 1891”.
These are a good deal more yellow than is normal, and are referable to
trans ad ab. lutescens Prout.

First Record, 1866: Harding, loc. cit.

l. vulpinaria Herrich-Schaffer: rusticata sensu auct.: Least Carpet.

Native. Dry hedgebanks, wayside scrub and bushy places on chalk
banks and cliffs. The feral larva is apparently unknown, but is suspected
of feeding on withered or fallen elm leaves. The moth is mostly found
where elm hedges are presents

For much that has been written on the history, distribution, etc., of
this species, especially in regard to north-west Kent, cf. Showier.
Entomologist, 85: 237-238, idem, Ent. Rec., 66: 164, 273-274, 67: 45-47; and
Huggins, Ent. Rec., 66: 201-202.

1. In the past, mainly recorded from localities in the north of this
division, and especially about Slades Green and Frith. Also noted at
Bexley, Orpington, Lewisham, Grove Park, Blackheath, Hither Green.
Hawley, Petts Wood, Sidcup, Dartford, Bexley Heath, Belvedere, Abbey
Wood, Eltham, Charlton, Plumstead, St. Mary Cray, Blackfen and Welling.
Is abundant in many places nowadays and apparently less localised than
formerly; thus, C. G. Bruce (per de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1964: 31) noted it
at Lee in 1962 and 1963 in large numbers “with sometimes as many as
twenty at night at light”; and at Bexley, D. O’Keefe (in litt.) says : “Easily
the commonest Geometer after X. fluctuata. Usually appears about July 7
and lasts until mid-August, but in 1968 the first moth was noted on June
25. On a good night up to 30 in and around the trap”.

There are indications, that during the past twenty years the species
may have been extending its range southwards in this division. In 1955.
R. F. Birchenough took one on a shop window in West Wickham, the first
record for this locality, and he has since noted it there fairly regularly in
his m.v. trap. Nearby at Bromley, D. R. M. Long has recorded it in his

m. v. trap as follows: 1961 (1), 1962 (15), 1963 (3), 1964 (6), 1965 (5), 1966 (7):
with earliest recorded appearance, June 30 in 1961, and latest, August 28 in
1965.

2. Sheerness, one, 1871, one, 1872 (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 184; idem.
Ent. mon. Mag., 9: 162). Higham (Chaney, Rochester Nat., 1885: 9);
formerly very abundant (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 9: 94); 1908 (Ovenden, Ent. Rec.,
12: 32); “in two adjoining elm hedges at Higham close to the village”,
“five or six dozens may easily be collected in an hour or two any fine day
during the middle of July” (Porritt, Naturalist, 6: 119). Near Chattenden
(V.C.H., 1908) may refer.

3. Canterbury ,odd ones in lanes in the city, c. 1945 (J. A. Parry).

5. Chelsfield, one, July 25, 1951 (A. M. and F. A. Swain).

6. Northfleet* (Hodgkinson, Zoologist, 2328); common (S. F. P. Blyth).
Gravesend, “common in most hedgerows where there is plenty of bind-
weed and dust; the last seems most essential” (Button, Entomologist, 4 : 129);
in several places (Huggins, Ent. Rec., 66: 201); 1939 (F. T. Grant). Stone
(Chaney, loc. cit.). Greenhithe (V.C.H., 1908); (Huggins, loc. cit.); (B. K.
West). Near Southfleet (Huggins, loc. cit). Pinden (E. J. Hare); fairly

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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numerous very locally, July 29, 1948 (C.-H.). Swanscombe chalkpits,
singly, 1955, 1956 (A. A. Allen).

6a. Darenth Wood (James, Entomologist, 25 : 67; idem. Entomologist,
28: 86); 1952 (Showier, Entomologist, 85: 237).

7. Sittingbourne, odd ones, c. 1920 (Huggins, Ent. Rec., 66: 201).

8. Folkestone Warren, one (Knaggs, 1870); 1870 (Hoey, Entomologist, 5 :
164). Kingsdown, one, July 22, 1888 (Fenn, Diary)] one, August 6, 1888, in
BMNH (C.-H.); (Tutt, Entomologist, 20: 227; idem, Ent. Rec., 9: 94). Dover
(E. & Y., 1949), may be based upon the foregoing (C.-H.). Deal*, one, 1889.
in Hope Alderson coll. (C.-H.). Penny Pot Wood, c. 1945 (J. A. Parry).

9. Broadstairs, one, July 30, 1917, another since, in a different part of
the town (J. W. C. Hunt, personal communication, c. 1950); one, 1920
(Hayward, Entomologist, 53: 236). Margate, fairly common in several
places in the town, 1948, 1950, nine, July 17-August 10, 1951; St. Peters,
August 10, 1956, one at light, July 19, 1957 (W. D. Bowden).

11. Frittenden, two, c. 1949 (O. S. S. Edwards per R. C. Edwards). Holt
Wood, Aylesford, two at m.v.L, 1955 (G. A. N. Davis). Maidstone, one.
July 10, 1955 (E. Philp).

12. "Wye, one, August, 5, 1954 (W. L. Rudland).

Variation. — Hawkins iProc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1928-29: 55>
exhibited a c? ab., bred from North Kent ova, having the “antemarginal
cloud absent from all wings”.

In RCK, are four labelled ”Kent/*10/02/Partridge”, having “black
markings heavy”; also examples of ab. alhomarginata Lempke, Gravesend,
one, 1901, Higham two, 1938.

First Record, 1831 : “Taken on palings in June near Eltham and
Bexley” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 301).

L sylvestraria Hiibner; straminata Treitschke nec Borkhausen; Dotted
Border Wave.

Native, perhaps now extinct. Heaths, etc.; foodplant unknown.

I. Chislehurst, at light, 1883 (Cockerell, Entomologist, 18: 20). Pauls
Cray Common, one, July 27, 1887, one, July 21, 1890 (Fenn, Diary).

3. Faversham (Morris, Br. Moths, 1 : 163). Blean Wood, one, June 28
(1871) (Parry, Entomologist, 5: 366).

[4. Sandwich, one, June 22, 1936, taken by J. H. B. Lowe (E. & Y., 1949;
J. H. B. Lowe). This may be right, but in my view determination should
be checked (C.-H.).]

8. Near Dover (Barrett, Br. Lep., 8 : 39). Between Sandwich and St
Margaret’s Bay,* not common, August (1883) (Shepherd, Entomologist, 17;
137).

II. [Wateringbury], two taken the latter part of July (1880) (Thorne-
will. Entomologist, 14; 70). Wateringbury, four, in E. Goodwin coll.
(C.-H.). Mid-Kent [Yalding] occasionally at light (Reid, S.-E. Nat., 1904:
53); Yalding (V.C.H., 1908), probably refers.

12. Ham Street, one, August 7, 1933, taken by C. G. M. de Worms, and
in his coll. (C.-H.).

13 Near Tunbridge Wells, 1869 (Moore, Entomologist, 5: 31). Pembury
(Morris, Br. Moths, 1 : 163).

iHuggins (Ent. Rec., 66 : 201) describes a favourite habitat as '^a tall somewhat
hollow, bank, covered with rather open elm suckers and ivy and preferably
half shaded by large elms’ ’.

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Variation. — Ab. circellata Guen. “A very few specimens of this variety
circellata, but not of the most strongly marked extreme, were taken in
the year 1871 near Dover, by Mr. F. C. Woodforde. These I have seen”
(Barrett, loc. cit.).

First Record, 1869 : Near Tunbrige Wells (Moore, loc. cit.).

L biselata Hufnagel: Small Fanfooted Wave.

Native. Woods, copses; foodplant unknown. Found in all divisions.
"Generally common (V.C.H., 1908).

The moth appears in one generation of fairly long emergence, but
tolerably regular in sequence, from late June to August. In 1912, however,
F. T. Grant noted it at Cobham Wood as early as May 19; and in 1890,
Fenn (Diary) observed it at Chattenden in worn condition on September 13.

Variation. — I have two examples that I judge are referable to ab.
fimbriolata Steph. : Broad Oak, July 27, 1946, Ham Street, July 1951 (C.-H.).
An ab. from Reinden Wood, Folkestone (Wellman, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist Soc., 1886: 57), also appears to conform to fimbriolata.

In RCK are the following named abs. : — extincta Stgr., Folkestone, one,
Bexley, one; fimbriolata Steph., Yalding, one, Chislehurst, two.

First Record, 1851 : Darenth Wood (Douglas, Zoologist, 3218).

I. fuscovenosa Goeze: interjectaria Boisduval: Dwarf Cream Wave.

Native. Weedy banks, bushy places, gardens, hedgerows, etc.; food-
plant unknown. Recorded from all divisions, except 14. Locally plentiful
coastally, becoming less common inland and reaching some degree of
scarcity well inland in 5 and 10-13.

Obs. — Between Faversham and Seasalter (div. 2), extremely abundant
for miles along the sea-wall, flying about rough vegetation at night, June
25, 1952; abundant on the sea-wall at night, June 26, 1949, between
Queensferry and Chetney Marshes (div. 2) (C.-H.).

5. Chevening, July 17, 1917 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R. C.
Edwards).

10. Sevenoaks, June 19, 1922 (Gillett, Diary).

11. Edenbridge, 1931 (F. D. Greenwood). Aylesford (G. A. N. Davis).

12. Brook* (Scott, 1936). Ashford, one, June 23, 1938 (Scott, 1950).
Willesborough, three, 1960 (M. Singleton).

13. Tunbridge Wells (Knipe, 1916).

Variation. — In RCK are: (1) Ab. with “median line well developed”,
one, Higham, bred 1927, E. A. Cockayne. (2) Ab. anastomosaria Preiss.,
one, Higham, bred 1927, E. A. Cockayne.

First Record, 1831 : Dover (Stephens, Haust., 3 : 301).

I. seriala Schrank: virgulata Hiibner emend.: Small Dusty Wave.

Native. Gardens, laneside hedges, waste places, etc.; [on ivy]. Recorded
from all divisions. Perhaps most frequent in suburban areas. “Generally
abundant” (V.C.H., 1908).

In two generations it seems, i.e. from the end of June throughout July,
and again in late August to well into September. In 1939, A. R. Kidner
(Diary) noted the moth at Sidcup as early as June 5; and the same recorder
observed it in 1933, as late as October 1.

Tutt (Ent. Rec., 20: 65) commenting upon Freer’s discovery of the
larva on ivy in Staffordshire, states that at Westcombe Park (div. 1), the

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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moth is very abundant “on a fence overhung with ivy, which we have
long assumed to be its foodplant. . .

Variation. — A cj', “Blackheath 21.vii.88”, ex J. W. Tutt and Whittle colls.,
and now in BMNH, is labelled as referable to ab. canteneraria Boisduval

(C.-H.).

Tutt (in Wool. Surv., 1909) states that there occurs “quite a suffused
form in the metropolitan area”.

Ab. cubicularia Peyerimhoff = bischoffaria de la Harpe : Brockley, one
taken September 23, 1911, new to Britain (Heath, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1911 : 12; 1912-13: 7); Lewisham (Gardner, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent.
nat. Hist. Soc., 1912-13: 31). I have one, “London S.E./*June 1913/R. T.
Baumann”; also, two bred by J. E. Gardner in 1916 and 1917, perhaps all
from the same stock (C.-H.).

In RCK are the following abs. : grisescens de la Harpe, one, “Wester-
ham/9. 7.98/L. B. Prout”; cubicularia Peyerimhoff, several, Lewisham, bred
1912 and 1913, J. E. Gardner.

First Record, 1859 : Ramsgate (Wormald, Ent. week. Int., 7 : 52).

I. dimidiata Hufnagel: Single-dotted Wave.

Native. Marshes, ditches, damp woods, wet places, etc.; foodplant
unknown. Recorded from all divisions. “Generally common, often
abundant” (V.C.H., 1908).

The moth is perhaps most often observed flying at dusk, but is also
frequently disturbed by day from bushy places and undergrowth, and is
occasionally noted at rest on fences. It sometimes comes to light, but is
only seldom noted at sugar. Apparently in one generation, from the end
of June to the beginning of August. The earliest date that I have on record
is of one noted by D. R. M. Long at Bromley on June 19, 1961, In 1911,
A. R. Kidner (Diary) noted one at Sidcup as late as September 19.

Variation. — Morley (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1935-36: 36)
exhibited “dark forms”, from Romney Marsh; and in RCK is ab, medio-
fasciata Lempke, one, Chislehurst, July 20, 1907.

First Record, 1859: Tenterden, common (Stainton, Man., 2: 45).

I. subsericeata Haworth: Satin Wave.

Native. Chalk downs, woods, grassy banks, waste places; foodplant
unknown.

1. West Wickham, 1891 (Wells, Ent. Rec., 3: 35); 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell).
Shooters Hill; Eltham; Bexley (Wool. Surv., 1909). Chislehurst, common
(S. F. P. Blyth). Sidcup, one, 1939 (A. R, Kidner, Diary). Petts Wood,
several 1948-50 (E. Evans), Orpington, 1954 (L. W, Siggs). Bromley, one,
1965, two, 1966 (D. R. M. Long).

3. East Blean Wood, one. May 30, 1866 (Fenn, Diary). Millstrood, at
light (P. F. Harris).

4. Sandwich, June 16, 1933 (J. H. B. Lowe). Deal (E. & Y., 1949). Ebbs-
fleet, several, June 16, 1952 (C.-H.).

5. Westerham (R, C. Edwards).

6. Gravesend (Button, Entomologist, 4: 129). Greenhithe* (Farn MS.).
Otford (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1915-16: 99). Cuxton;
Birling (H. C. Huggins). Fawkham (E. J. Hare).

6a. Darenth Woods, hedges in vicinity (Stephens, Haust., 3: 311); open
places (Curtis, Br. Ent., 384); (E. J. Hare). Chattenden, one, 1869 (Walker

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entomologist’s record, VOL., 81

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MS.); (Chaney, 1884-87); (H.C. Huggins).

7. Hollingbourne (H, C. Huggins). Westwell; Kings Wood (Scott, 1936).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Wye (H. C. Huggins); Wye Crown, May
28, 1949 (C.-H.). Reinden Wood (Morley, 1931). Chilham, one, June 4,
1939 (C.-H.). Brook (Scott, 1950); three, July 4, 1951 (H. King).

10. Sevenoaks, June 20, 1920, June 19, 1922 (Gillett, Diary).

11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Hoads Wood (P. Cue teste E. Scott).

12. Ham Street (Scott, 1936); fairly numerous and of regular occurrence
in Orlestone Woods (C.-H.). Orlestone Woods, June 2-4, 1950, June 1-2,
1956 (R. F. Bretherton). Willesborough, one, July 6, 1955, one, June 11,
1956 (W. L. Rudland); some on a railway bank, 1958 (M. Singleton).
Willesborough and W. Ashford, at light, 1960 (M. Singleton and M.
Enfield).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2; 48). Tunbridge Wells (Knipe, 1916).

14. Sandhurst, at light (G. V. Bull).

15. Dungeness, August 5, 1934 (A. J. L. Bowes); one. May 31, 1952
(C.-H.); a few, June 6-7, 1950 (E. C. Pelham-Clinton); June 30-July 3, 1954
(R. F. Bretherton); six, June 22-July 4, 1962, in m.v. trap (R. E. Scott).
Lydd Town, August 1965 (D. W. H. ffennell). Boulderwall, June 12 (1), 14
(1), July 6 (1) 1966, in m.v. trap (R. E. Scott).

16. Folkestone Town (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — In RCK is a series labelled as referable to race mancuniata
Knaggs, with following data: “Chattenden/Bd. August 1884” (1); “C.
Fenn*/Chattenden 67” (6).

First Record, 1809 : “Habitat in Cantii Sylvaticis fere rarissime”
(Haworth, Lepidoptera Britannica, 2 : 352). This is also the type reference
to suhsericeata.

I. trigeminata Haworth: Treble Brown Spot.

Native. Laneside hedgerows, bushy places in gardens and on commons,
etc., wood borders; foodplant unknown.

Note: Much confusion must have resulted in the past from the trans-
position (in Newman, Br. Moths, 77, of the figures of this and I. hiselata
Hufnagel.

1. Noted from many localities in this div. in the past. Records of
relatively recent occurrence are: Sidcup, a few annually, 1931-39 (Kidner,
Diary). Petts Wood, two or three at light annually, 1947-50 (E. Evans);
1948, common (A. M. and F. A. Swain). Hartford (B. K. West). Orping-
ton, 1948 (L. W. Siggs). St. Mary Cray (R. G. Chatelain). Joydens Wood
(de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 66). Welling, 1952 (A. J. Showier). Abbey
Wood, 1954; Hayes Common, 1956; West Wickham, 1956 (C.-H.). Black-
heath, not common, in waste ground and at street lamps, and very rare
at m.v.L, 1959 (A. A. Allen). Bromley, in m.v. trap : 1955 (5), 1960 (28),
1961 (15), 1962 (20), 1963 (6), 1964 (14), 1965 (7), 1966 (14); with earliest
date June 5, 1960 and 1966, latest date August 1, 1962, and max. daily total
six on June 18, 1960 (D. R. M. Long).

2. Sheerness, not uncommonly beaten from hedges (Walker, Ent. mon.
Mag., 8: 184). Hartford (B. K. West). Abbey Wood Marshes, one, June
25, 1956 (A. A. Allen).

3. Blean Wood, one, 1866 (Fenn, Diary). Clowes Wood, one, 1927 (H.
G. Gomm). Broad Oak, frequent; Little Hall Wood, 1944 (C.-H.).

4. Heal*, 1891 (Fenn, Ent. Rec., 2: 203).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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6. Greenhithe* {V.C.H., 1908). Gravesend; Luddesdown; Birling (H. C.
Huggins). Fawkham (E. J. Hare). Hartford (B. K. West).

6a. Darenth Wood (see First Record); (Curtis, Br, Ent., 384); 1914 (F.
T. Grant); (de Worms, loc. cit.). Chattenden (Ash, Ent. Rec., 11 : 273);
1912-13; five, June 11, 1925 (F. T. Grant). Cobham Wood, 1913 (F. T.
Grant).

7. Wigmore; Darland Hill (Chaney, 1884-87). Westwell (Scott, 1950).
Kings Wood, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). Boxley (A. H. Harbottle).

8. Folkestone* (Rait-Smith, Ent. Rec., 25 : 174). Woolwich Wood, June
26, 1901 (Stockwell, Diary). Atchester Wood, one, July 8, 1931; Elham, one
at Wingmore, June 29, 1934, one, July 4, 1934 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary).
Dover, very common, 1939-52 (B. O. C. Gardiner). Brook* (C. A. W.
Duffield). Chilham*, one, 1925 (H. G. Gomm). Barfreston; Little Mong-
ham; Martin; Ringwould; Wingmore (E. & Y., 1949). Betteshanger, July
6, 1957 (R. F. Bretherton). Wye Chalkpit (M. Singleton).

9. Garlinge, two, 1925; Kingsgate, one, 1929 (H. G. Gomm., Diary).
Birchington, fairly numerous annually in gardens, 1926-33, im.agines at
rest in Euonyinus japonicus hedges and on ivy; also noted there in 1949
(C.-H.). Margate, 1951 (W. D. Bowden).

10. Ide Hill, two at dusk, July 30, 1938; Sevenoaks, one at rest on fence,
June 6, 1947, one, July 19, 1947 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary).

11. Penshurst (Knipe, 1916). Hoads Wood (Scott, 1950); c. 1952 (P. Cue
teste E. Scott). Aylesford (G. A. N. Davis). Sevenoaks Weald, three, June
18-July 3, 1960 (E. A. Sadler).

12. Ham Street (Scott, 1936); fairly common, 1950 and in other years
(C.-H.); June 2-4, 1950, in Orlestone Woods (R. F. Bretherton). Ashford
Town (P. Cue teste E. Scott). Wye, singletons annually, 1953-55; Willes-
borough, two, 1954, two, 1955, one, 1956, two, 1957 (W. L. Rudland). Potters
Corner; Willesborough; Orlestone Woods (M. Singleton).

13. Bidborough (Knipe, 1916). Goudhurst, two, 1954 (W. V. D. Bolt).
Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2; 46).

14. Tenterden (Stainton, Man., 2: 46). Sandhurst (G. V. Bull).

First Record, 1809: “Darent in Kent” (Haworth, Lepidoptera

Britannica, 354). This is also the type reference to trigeminata.

I. emarginata L.: Small Scallop.

Native. Carr, wet copses and thickets, damp woods; foodplant un-
known.

1. Near Sydenham (Cox, Ent. week. Int., 8; 188). Erith, August 13,
1879 (Fenn, Lep. Data). West Wickham (Wells, Ent. Rec., 3: 35); (de
Worms, Lond. Nat., 1966: 66). Kidbrook; Lee; Lewisham; Eltham; Sidcup;
Bexley; Derrick Wood (Wool. Surv., 1909). Birch Wood, one, 1909; Sidcup,
singleton, 1910, 1934; Pauls Cray Common, one, 1919 (A. R. Kidner,
Diary). Chislehurst (S. F. P. Blyth). Petts Wood, common (E. Evans);
1951 (A. M. and F. A. Swain). Hayes (de Worms, loc. cit.). Hartford (B.
K. West). Orpington, 1950 (L. W. Siggs). Bromley, 1959 (1), 1960 (3),
1965 (1), 1966 (1); earliest date July 18, 1966, latest, August 24, 1960 (D. R.
M. Long).

2. Near Sheerness, “common in hedges” (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8:
184). Faversham (H. C. Huggins). Dartford (B. K. West). Dartford
Marshes, one, July 26, 1953 (J. F. Burton). Allhallows-on-Sea, two in
thicket, July 25, 1956 (A. A. Allen).

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3. Ridgeway, July 25, 1933 (A. J. L. Bowes). Den Grove, 1936; three,
July 17, 1938; one, July 13, 1941; three, July 18, 1944 (C.-H.).

4. Deal Marshes, July 22, 1889 (Fenn, Diary). Westbere, July 24, 1946
(C.-H.). Minster Marshes, six, July 23-24, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). Ickham,
one, c. 1956 (D. G. Marsh).

6. Longfield (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (54) : ii). Greenhithe* (Farn
MS.). Snodland (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 21 : 32). Gravesend (H. C. Huggins).
Pinden (E. J. Hare).

6a. Chattenden (Chaney, 1884-87); 1908 (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 21 : 33);
six, July 27, 1912 (F. T. Grant). Darenth Wood (James, Entomologist, 28 :
86); (E. J. Hare).

7. Wigmore Wood; Darland Hill (Chaney, loc. cit.). Faversham (H. C.
Huggins). Boxley (A. H. Harbottle).

8. Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870). Reinden Wood (Morley, 1931).

9. Ramsgate, one, July 27, 1910, three, 1911 (J. W. C. Hunt).

11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Edenbridge, 1934 (F. D. Greenwood). Hoads
Wood (Scott, 1936); c. 1952 (P. Cue teste E. Scott).

12. Hinxhill; Potter’s Corner (Scott, 1936). Ham Street (Scott, 1936);
fairly numerous and of regular occurrence in Orlestone Woods (C.-H.);
July 28, 1956, in Orlestone Woods (R. F. Bretherton). Brook* (C. A. W.
Duffield). Willesborough, seven, 1954, one 1955, (W. L. Rudland); one, 1959
(D. Youngs); two, 1960 (M. Singleton). W. Ashford, common (M. Enfield).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2; 50). Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan).

14. Tenterden (Stainton, loc. cit.). Hawkhurst (Melvill, Entomologist,
5 (74); ii). Sandhurst (Bull, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1940-41:
22). Great Heron Wood, several, July 23, 1949 (C.H.).

15. St. Mary-in-the-Marsh, one at car lights, August 1, 1948 (P. le
Masurier).

Variation. — I have two 9 9 from Orlestone Woods, taken 1956, refer-
able to ab. mosquensis Heyne (C.-H. In RCK are the following named
abs. : ohsoleta Lempke, one, Gravesend, July 25, 1903; pallida Lempke,
one, Gravesend, July 25, 1902; mosquensis Heyne, one, Gravesend, August
6, 1902.

First Record, 1858 : Stainton, loc. cit.

I. aversata L.: Riband Wave.

Native. Woods, hedgerows, bushy places, etc.; foodplant unrecorded.
Found in all divisions, few records for 4, 15. “Generally abundant”
(V.C.H., 1908).

The following late occurrences may represent partial second genera-
tions:— Willesborough, one, September 23, 1956, one fresh specimen,
September 23, 1964 (W. L. Rudland). Ham Street, one, September 15, 1959
(W. D. Bowden). Bromley, October 3, 1962 (D. R. M. Long).

D. R. M. Long’s m.v. trap counts for Bromley show this to be one of
the most numerous of all the Geometridae to occur at light in north-
west Kent:— 1960 (250), 1961 (75), 1962 (264), 1963 (433), 1964 (300), 1965
(315), 1966 (126); with earliest appearance, June 7, 1961, latest October 3,
1962, and maximum daily total 42 on August 13, 1962.

A. R. Kidner (Diary) mentions finding a larva of this species in his
garden at Sidcup, May 24, 1919— the sole record of its discovery in Kent
to my knowledge (C.-H.).

4. Ickham, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). Sandwich, July 5, 1957 (R. F.
Bretherton).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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15. Dungeness, one in m.v. trap, August 6, 1962 (K. E. Scott). Great-
stone, 1963 (C.-H.). Lydd Town, August, 1965 (D. W. H. ffennell).

Variation. — Melanie forms have been recorded from West Wickham,
1898 (Sheldon, Ent. Rec., 11 ; 23); Bromley, 1929 (Jacobs, Proc. S. Lond.
ent. nat. Hist, Soc., 1929-30: 54); and Westwell, 1953 (Scott, Proc. S. Lond.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1953-54: 43, 51).

The banded type, and the form without the dark band ab. remutata
L., appear to constitute the majority of Kentish specimens. What I judge
to ab. aurata Fuchs and ab. aureospoliata Boldt are of occasional occur-
rence, and I have a single example of ab. approximata Cockayne, a (J
taken Dartford Heath, August 28, 1954. I also have a single S of ab.
suffumata Lambiilion, taken Blackheath, July 26, 1967, by A. A. Allen,
who kindly presented it to me (C.-H.).

S. Wakely (in litt.) states that he bred a series of very dark banded
forms from a tattered dark 9- taken at Molash in 1949, several of which
appear to be referable to ab. effuscata Galvagni.

In RCK are the following named abs. : fuliginata Haw., one, N. Kent;
tenuifasciata Lempke, one, Lewisham, 1902; latijasciata Wehrli, one,
Lewisham, 1902; aureospoliata Boldt, two, Lewisham, 1902; medio jasciata
Schwing., Lewisham, one, 1900; impuncta Lempke, Chattenden, one, bred
1900; suffumata Lambiilion, one, “Bromley/30.7.1929/S.N.A. Jacobs”
(apparently the Bromley suffumata referred to above — C.-H.), one,
“Westwell/E. Scott/20.7.1953”.

First Record, 1861: Folkestone (Fereday, Ent. week. Int., 9 : 139).

I. straminata Borkhausen: inornata Haworth: Plain Wave.

Native. Woods; foodplant unknown.

1. Erith, two, 1884; Pauls Cray Common, one, 1885; Shooters Hill, one,
1886; Joydens Wood, one, 1892 (Fenn, Diary; Fenn, Lep. Data). Petts
Wood; Bexley; Pauls Cray Common, not scarce at sugar (Wool, Surv.,
1909). Lee; Eltham; Chislehurst (V.C.H., 1908 .Petts Wood, two or three
annually, 1947-50 (E. Evans). Orpington, 1948 (L. W. Siggs). West Wick,
ham, 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell). Abbey Wood, 1953 (A. J. Showier). Hayes
(de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 65). Bromley, 1960 (1), 1961 (1), 1962 (4),
1963 (3), 1964 (3), 1965 (6), 1966 (4); with earliest date June 30, 1961, latest
August 19, 1965, and max. daily total two on July 3, 1964, and July 5, 1966
(D. R. M. Long),

3. Canterbury* (Parry, Entomologist, 5 : 394). Herne Bay, one, 1948
<D. G. Marsh coll.). Broad Oak, one, July, 27, 1946, one, July 22, one,
July 23, 1949 (C.-H.).

4. Ickham, frequent, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh).

5. Shoreham (Carr, Entomologist, 43: 108). Westerham (R. C.

Edwards), Doune (de Worms, loc. cit.).

6. Birling; Cuxton; on trees on downs (H. C. Huggins).

6a. Darenth Wood (see First Record); (F. T. Grant); one, 1947 (E. J.
Hare). Chattenden (Chaney, 1884-87); odd ones (H. C. Huggins). [Chat-
tenden] (Tugwell, Entomologist, 8 : 293).

7. Longton Wood (H. C. Huggins). Westwell (Bull, Proc. S. Lond. ent.
nat. Hist. Soc., 1946-47: 169.

8. Folkestone, one, July 1859 (H. Tompkins, Diary). Folkestone Warren
(Knaggs, 1870). Reinden Wood (Morley, 1931). Folkestone, one, July 15,
1955 (G. A. N. Davis). Betteshanger, July 6, 1957 (R. F. Bretherton).

(32) entomologist’s record, vol., 81 15/|I/69

11. Hoads Wood (P. Cue teste E. Scott). Aylesford, one, July 25, 1955.
one, July 12, 1956 (G. A. N. Davis).

12. Ashford* (Chittenden, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1899: 107).
Ham Street, at light, July 1934, June 30, 1935, June 26, 1936 (A. J. L.
Bowes); in Orlestone Woods, one, July 22, 1946, several at m.v.L, July
1951 (C.-H.); one, in Orlestone Woods, July 28, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton).
Willesborough, 1954 (2), 1956 (7), 1957 (4), 1958 (1). 1963 (11), 1964 (1):
Wye, 1953 (15), 1954 (2), 1955 (2), 1956 (3) (W. L. Rudland).

13. Pembury (Knipe, 1916).

14. Tenterden (Beale, Zoologist, 4130). Appledore (Heitland, Entomo-
logist, 31 : 221). Sandhurst (Bui Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc..
1940-41 : 22). Great Heron Wood, several, July 23, 1949 (C.-H.).

16. Folkestone, one June 27, 1954 (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — At meeting on January 10, 1889, of the S. London ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., Chittenden exhibited “very black forms” of this species taken
at Ashford, Kent (Young Nat., 10: 37; Entomologist, 22: 52; Proc. S. Lond.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1888-89: 127). Ab. with “very dark suffusion”, taken
in Ashford neighbourhood (Chittenden, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.
1899: 107).

Cockayne (Ent. Rec., 64: 68) records ab. rufescens holotype d', Bexley,
and states that this ab. is' about equally as common as inornata Haw.

S. Wakely (in litt.) writes that from a West Wickham Q > he bred all
“light reddish-brown” specimens, but from a Ham Street 9 . all “creamy
specimens”.

The following named abs. are RCK : agrostemnata Guen., one.

“Chattenden/Bred Sep. 1886”; rufescens Cockayne, several, Chattenden.
Pauls Cray, eac.

First Record, 1831 : “This insect is more frequent in Darenth-wood
than in any other place within the metropolitan district” (Stephens,
Haust., 3: 311).

Rhodometra sacraria L.; Vestal.

Immigrant. Wheat-fields, clover-fields, etc. [on Polygonum aviculare}.

Up to and including 1946, altogether only seven sacraria had been
noted in Kent, but in 1947, the moth appeared widely scattered in the
county, and in parts of West Kent it was plentiful. The majority of
specimens were disturbed by day from dry, warm, harvested wheat-
fields containing an abundance of Knotgrass (P. aviculare), in which
situations the species had doubtless succeeded in producing one or more
generation owing to the exceptionally hot, dry summer of that year.

1865-1880. — 1865: Near Folkestone (see First Record). 1867: Plum-
stead, one, September 7 (Boden, Ent. mon. Mag., 4: 131; idem, Entomologist,
3; 347). 1877: Deal, c^, about August 30 (Tugwell, Young Nat., 4: 105;

idem, Nat., n.s., 3: 41). 1879: Near Ashford, 9. September 1 (Hart.

Entomologist, 12: 251). 1880: Maxton near Dover, one (Webb, 1891). A

period of 65 years then elapsed before sacraria was again noted in Kent.

1945-1966. — 1945: Between Whitstable and Blean, taken at light,
November 1 (Harris, Entomologist, 81 : 172). 1946: Pinden, c?, September
28 (Hare, Entomologist, 80: 67).

1947 : It is estimated that in 1947 at least 85 sacraria were noted in
Kent, the majority of which were disturbed by day from clover fields and
stubble, particularly the latter. Westerham, fourteen noted by Brunsdon

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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and R. C. Edwards, July-October (Rothamsted Card Index). Brook, 9 at
light, August 2 (C. A. W. Duffield fide E. Scott, 1950). Lydden (div. 8).
(S , August 31 (Marsh, Entomologist, 81: 172). Between Shoreham and
Eynsford, twenty-four in clover fields by D. F. and J. E. Owen and K.
Hyatt, September 17-October 19 (Rothamsted; Owen Bull. Amat. ent. Soc..
7 (92) : 197-198). Blackheath, one, September 19 (D. F. Owen). Chester-
field (div. 3), September 21 (cT), 27 ((j') (P. F. Harris, Diary) (specimens

in P. F. Harris coll, dated 1937 in error — C.-H.). Alkham (div. 8), one.
September 24 (A. M. Morley). West Wickham, about 35 disturbed by
walking about in a large stubble field by day. September 27-29 (W. A
Cope and C.-H.). Danton near Aldington (div. 16), one, September 28 (A.
M. Morley). Bromley, one at light, September (S. N. A. Jacobs). Nacking-
ton (div. 8), one (P. B. Wacher). Bearsted, one, October 1 (G. Law).
Pinden, several, October 4-11 (E. J. Hare). Horton Kirby (div. 6), one.
October 12 (G. Law). Goudhurst (div. 13), one, October (W. V. D. Bolt).
Sevenoaks (div. 10), three (T. G. Howarth).

1948: Nackington (div. 8), one, September (P. B. Wacher). 1949: West
Wickham, (j' ab. sanguinaria Esp. at light (C.-H., Entomologist, 83: 95, 131).
1951: Brook, one, July 31 (Duffield, Ent. Rec., 63: 179). 1952: Midrips.

Romney Marsh, one on a grass stem, midday, August 31 (A. D. Wilkinson
fide French, Entomologist, 86 : 16).

1956 : Lydd, (J in m.v. trap, September 21 (D. W. H. ffennell per French.
Entow.ologist, 90 : 235). Folkestone, one, July 6 (Bretherton, Ent. Rec., 69 :
245). 1958: Petham (div. 8), five, August (P. B. Wacher). Pinden, one.

August 16 (E. J. Hare per French, Entomologist, 92: 175). Lee, (j', in m.v.
trap, August 31 (C. G. Bruce per French, Entomologist, 92: 175). East
Mailing, one in m.v. trap (Morris, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc..
1958: 16).

1961: Hothfield Common, one, August 30, one, September 11; Ashford,
one, September 14 (P. Cue). Potters Corner, near Ashford, 9 , September
7 (J. G. Elliot per P. Cue). 1963: Goudhurst, one, October 24 (W. V. D.
Bolt). Pinden, two, last week of October (E. J. Hare teste de Worms.
Lond. Nat., 1964: 32). 1964: Pinden, one, September 4 (E. J. Hare per

Rothamsted). Lee, (S at m.v.L, September 9 (Bruce, Ent. Rec., 76: 258).
1966: Sydenham, one, September 16 (R. P. Knill-Jones per Rothamsted).
Otford, one taken in m.v. trap, September 16 (W. B. L. Manley). Dover.
9, September 22 (Youden, Ent. Rec., 79: 60).

Variation.— At West Wickham, September 27-29, 1947, what I judge
to be ab. lahda Cram, and the nymotype were in about equal numbers,
with one ab. sanguinaria Esp. (C.-H.). Owen (Bull. Amat. ent. Soc., 7
(92) : 197-198) states that of 18 sacraria taken in N.W. Kent in 1947, four
were of the typical form, twelve were ab. lahda and one ab. atrifasciaria
Stefan.

First Record, 1865 : “I took a very fresh male . . . September 12th.
within four miles of Folkestone, amongst some rough grass in the corner
of a clover field” (Briggs, Ent. mon. Mag., 2 : 164).

Larentiinae

[Lythria purpuraria L.

Doubtfully genuine.

Gravesend, “taken by D. T. Button, Gravesend, in 1887”, at Burney
coll, sale (South, Entomologist, 27: 104). At C. E. Fry coll, sale, nine

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entomologist’s record, VOL., 81

15/-II/69

stated to have been taken by Button, Gravesend (Hall, Entomologist, 29 :
164). In Dale colL, a 9 “from E. G. Meek, 1870, said to have been taken
by Mr Buton at Gravesend” (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 45: 176).]

Mesotype virgata Hufnagel: Oblique-striped.

Native. Coastal sandhills, etc.; foodplant unknown.

4. Sandwich-Deal Sandhills. — 1856 (see First Record); 1864 (Gill, Ent.
mon. Mag., 1 : 243); abundant 1889-90 (Fenn, Lcp. Data); “somtimes literally
in thousands” (1896, Tutt, Br. Moths, 285). Deal, plentiful. May 18, 1908,
one, April 17, 1909, plentiful. May 9, 1909 (P. A. Cardew, Diary). Sand-
wich, August 14, 1936, freshly emerged (A. J. L. Bowes).

Of regular occurrence at Sandwich Bay where after dark the imagines
may be found at rest on the posts that run along the edge of St. George’s
Golf Course, and on grass stems close by; common, June 30, 1950, several,
August 5, 1950, a few by day, July 2, 1955 (C.-H.). Sandwich, abundant
but worn, July 5, 1957 (R. F. Bretherton). Deal, several, May 7, 1961
(Morris, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1961 : 75).

Ramsgate neighbourhood* (Willson, Enotmologist, 23: 140). Margate*
(Blenkarn, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 84). I suspect that
both these records refer ot the Sandwich-Deal area (C.-H.).

Ickham, (^ , 9 , at m.v.l., 1959, the first record for here (D. G. Marsh);
were probably casuals (C.-H.).

8. Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870).

15. Littlestone, August 9, 1919 (Gillett, Diary); common, August 4, 5,
1948 (P. le Masurier). Greatstone, three, c. 1947 (J. A. Parry); fairly
common in grassy places, August 1960 (D. Youngs). Dungeness, 1950
(Edwards, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1950-51: 28). Lydd Town,
very common by the railway station, 1952 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 65: 44);
several disturbed by day from rough grassy places, July 10, 1960, July 16,
1963 (C.-H.).

16. Folkestone Town, one, 1951 (Morley, Ent. Rec., 64: 171).

First Record, 1856: Deal Sandhills, May-November (Harding, Ent.
week. Int., 1 : 116).

Orthoncma vittata Borkhausen: iignata Hiibner: Oblique Carpet.

Native. Marshes; foodplant unknown.

1. Manor Farm Lane Swamp, Lee, one, August 24, 1862, one, September
9, 1862, six, August 19-28, 1863 (Fenn, Lepidoptera Data MS.). Eltham
Swamp, one by A. H. Jones, 1866 (Fenn, Diary). Chiselhurst, one, August
16, 1911 (S. F. P. Blyth).

2. Thames Bank [Gravesend], a few June 1868 (Button, Entomologist,
4: 115). Gravesend, common (Button, Entomologist, 4: 130). Greenhithe
(Farn MS.). Dartford* iV.C.H., 1908). Maidstone*, one, June 9, 1896, J.
Allchin, in Maidstone Museum (C.-H.). Graveney Marshes, Faversham,
1913-14, scarce (H. C. Huggins). Whitstable, one, August 15, 1947 (P. F.
Harris). Sittingbourne, one very worn, June 30, 1949 (C.-H.). Ditton.
one, 1951 (G. A. N. Davis).

4. Deal (1868) (Harding, Entomologist, 4: 166); one. May 28, 1890 (Tutt,
Ent. Rec., 1 : 65); one, August 22, 1890 (Fenn, Diary); August 1904 (Browne,
Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1904-05: 78). Sandwich district, August
6, 1884 (Tutt, Entomologist, 18: 71). “Occasional, Herne Bay” [Reculver]
(A. J. L. Bowes). Westbere, several worn, August 28, 1938; Ham Fen,

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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one, July 2, 1955 (C.-H.). Sandwich golf course, 1961 (T. W. Harman).

8. Dover, “a lot” taken two years ago (Knaggs, 1870). Folkestone*
(V.C.H., 1908).

12. Chilham* (1871, Morris, Br. Moths, 2 : 22). Wye, one worn, July 9,
1938 (C.-H.); one, August 26, 1955 (W. L. Rudland). Ashford Town, one
fresh at light, September 10, 1953, one, 1957 (P. Cue). Willesborough, one
in m.v. trap, July 1, 1963 (M. Singleton). Ruckinge, one, August 21, 1959
(R. G. Chatelain).

14. Sandhurst, one, 1931 (G. V. Bull).

15. Dungeness, about forty, June 18, 1938; June 10, 1939; four at light,
September 18, 1954 (C.-H.); August 6, 9, 1938, common (A. J. L. Bowes);
one, 1957 (P. Cue); one, August 19, 1958 (E. C. Pelham-Clinton); June 13,
August 30, 1962 (T. W. Harman); one, June 28, 1962 (R. E. Scott). Dym-
church, one, August 22, 1936 (G. V. Bull).

16. Folkestone Town, one, 1933 (A. M. Morley).

First Record, 1862: Lee, August 24, 1862 (Fenn, Diary).

O. obstipata Fabricius: fluviata Hubner: Gem.

Suspected immigrant and temporary resident. Marshes, waste places,
etc.; on Polygonum aviculare. Very uncertain in appearance; mainly
observed singly in low-lying situations.

1. West Wickham, October 8, 1859 (Bryant, Ent. week. Int., 7: 43); one
at sugar in autumn 1859 (Barrett, Ent. week. Int., 7 : 59); (j' in m.v. trap,
June 17, 1958 (C.-H.); one in m.v. trap, July 19, 1969 (R. F. Birchenough).
Lewisham, August 23, 1862 (Blackburn, Week. Int., 1 : 28). Lee Swamp,
one, September 12, 1862; Lee-Charlton-Eltham neighbourhood, about ten
on street lamps, August 24-September 18, 1865; one. May 10, three, Sep-
tember 5-7, 1867 (Fenn, Diary; Jones, Ent. mon. Mag., 2 : 139), Black-
heath (West, Ent. Rec., t8: 199), Farnborough, 1880 (Alderson, in Wool.
Surv., 1909). Bexley district (Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Sidcup, one
at light. May 13, 1912, one, October 8, 1920 (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Petts
Wood, (S , August 24, 1947 (Evans, Entomologist, 81: 72). St. Mary Cray,
(S , July 20, 1948 (A. M, and F. A. Swain); (j', September 9, 1955, one, Sep-
tember 24, 1967, one, July 13, 1969 (R. G. Chatelain). Bromley, September
3. 1959 (1), May 3, 1961 (1), August 6, 1964 (1) (D. R. M. Long). Bexley,
July 28 (1), August 24 (1), 1967; July 10 (1), 12 (1), 15 (1), 28 (2), 1969 (D.
O’Keeffe); several at m.v.L, 1969 (B. K. West); c5', September 11, 1969
(C.-H.).

2. Thames Bank [Gravesend] (Button, Entomologist, 4: 115). Near
Sheerness, 1871 (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 184). Greenhithe, 1900 (Farn,
Ent. mon. Mag., 36: 259). Gravesend, odd specimens, 1902-14 (H. C.
Huggins). Faversham, 1913; Sittingbourne (Huggins, Entomologist, 62 :
71). Graveney, one on saltmarsh, August 28, 1958 (C.-H.).

3. Broad Oak, one at ivy bloom, October 22, 1938 (C.-H.). Canterbury,
(5, 9, at light, 1946 (J. A. Parry). Eddington, 9 at light, August 14, 1950
(D. G. Marsh, Diary).

4. Deal, one, 1858 (Harding, Ent. week. Int., 5 : 20); (S at ragwort bloom,
September 15, 1884 (Fenn, Diary); (j', August 8, 1892 (Fenn, Ent. Rec., 3:
285); c?. 9. August 1946 (C. M. Gummer teste Dannreuther, Entomologist,
80: 140); c?. September 26, 1948 (Gummer, Entomologist, 82: 108). Sand-
wich, two, September 12, 1936 (A. J. L. Bowes); H at sugar, September 25,
1938 (C.-H.). Reculver, July 25, 1936 (A. J. L. Bowes). Minster Marshes,

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entomologist’s record, VOL., 81

15/XII/69

two, November 6, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). Ickham near Littlebourne, 1954-
58, one or two most years, but not in 1959; $ , July 28, 1956, July 5, 1958;
one, August 29, one, September 16, 1961; 9. in m.v. trap, July 13, 1964 (D.
G. Marsh; Marsh, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1956: 36; Marsh, Proc.

S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1961: 34; French, Entomologist, 92: 175).
Worth, one, August 24, 1961, (^ , July 27, 1969 (T. W. Harman).

5. Westerham, 1942; one. September 19. 1947 (R. C. Edwards); July 10,
1961 (Edwards, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1961 : 32).

6. Gravesend, odd specimens, 1902-14 (H. C. Huggins). Pinden, one.
1947 (E. J. Hare); September 25, 1961 (Hare, Proc. S. Lond. ent, nat. Hist.
Soc., 1961 : 34).

6a. Darenth Wood, c? (B. K. West).

7. Eastwell, 9. September 27, 1953 (E. Scott) Westwell, August 10,
1961 (French, Entomologist, 96 : 38).

8. Folkestone* (Standish, Entomologist, a: 323); c5' , July 1866 (Meek.
Ent. Ann., 1S67 : 156). Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870); (Webb, 1891);
may both refer to the 1866 occurrence (C.-H.); S, September 25, 1956
(W. L. Rudland). Dover, November 6, 1954 (Dufheld, Trans. Folke-
stone nat. Hist. Soc., 1954: 23); September 30, October 3, 10, 1959 (French,
Entomologist, 95: 177).

9. Margate, 1928 (Huggins, Entomologist, 62: 71). Ramsgate, 9,

November 16. 1913 (Newman, Ent. Rec., 26: 22). Broadstairs, one,

December 18, 1945 (J. W. C. Hunt). St. Peters, one, November 6, 1951,
one, October 23, 1955 (W. D. Bowden).

11. Aylesford, 9, August 11, 1955, <5, June 12, 1956 (G. A. N. Davies).
Park Wood near Detling, 9 , on street lamp, June 24, 1961 (B. K. West).

12. Brook (C. A. W. Duffield); Scott (1950) probably refers (C.-H);
October 4, 1961 (French, Entomologist, 96: 177) Ashford, September 10,
1953 (French, Entomologist, 87: 63); Ashford Town, six in m.v. trap,
July 13-September 1961, also a larva on P. aviculare on or about July 28,
all taken by P. Cue (C.-H., Entomologist, 94: 310); several imagines taken
in Sandyhurst lane, 1961 (M. Singleton). Wye, one, October 27, 1953; one,
September 26, 9 : October 9, 1955 (W. L. Rudland). Kennington, August
29, 1955 (French, Entomologist, 89: 177). Willesborough, one, October 22,
1955; 9. July 24, 9. July 31, 9. October 8, 1956 (W. L. Rudland); one in
m.v. trap, 1961 (M. Singleton). Hothfield, 1961 (1) (P. Cue, teste C.-H.,
Entomologist, 94 : 310).

13. Tunbridge Wells (M. M. Phipps, in Knipe, 1916). Goudhurst, one.
July 10, 1961 (W. V. D. Bolt).

14. Sandhurst, 9 at light, October 17, 1930 (G. V. Bull).

15. Dungeness, c?* July 22, 1937 (A. M. Morley per Rothamsted); August

3, 1937 (A. J. L. Bowes); two, end August 1938 (Bull, Entomologist, 72 ;
15); September 3 (9), 30, 1938 (Dannreuther, Entomologist, 72: 121); a
few on rush heads, September 4, 1938 (de Worms, Entomologist, 72: 262);
9 at sugar, September 28. 1938 (C.-H.); 9, at sugar, September 15, 1946
(A. M. Morley per Dannreuther, Entomologist, 86: 140); one, September
22, 1955 (E. C. Pelham-Clinton); eighteen at rest on rushes, September
10, 1961 (C.-H., Entomologist, 94: 310); September 26, 1964 (French.
Entomologist, 99; 239); , September 25, 1964 (T. W. Harman), may

refer to the latter despite date (C.-H.); August 15, 1969 (T. W. Harman).
Lydd, one, September 30, 1956 (de Worms, Entomologist, 90: 182). New

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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Romney, one, August 19, 1947 at car light (P. le Masurier). Romney
Marsh, 1959 (Coxey, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1959: 28); one,
September 16, 1961 (Fairclough, Ent. Rec., 74: 108).

16. Sandgate, one, September 1867 (Cox. Ent. mon. Mag., 4: 154).
Folkestone, cT- September 1, 1938 (Dannreuther, Entomologist, 72: 121);
c5', September 15, 1946 (Morley per Dannreuther, Entomologist, SO: 140);
one, November 5, 1951 (Morley, Ent. Rec., 64: 171); two cj' c^, Sentember 8,
1953 (Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1953-54: 38); October 28.
1953 (French, Entomologist, 87 : 63); November 13, 1955 (French, Ento-
mologist, 89: 177); September 26, October 9,23,1956 (French, Entomologist,
90: 235); August 28, September 10, 1958 (French, Entomologist, 92: 175);
9, October 15, 1958 (Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1959: 43):
June 5, October 29, 1960 (French, Entomologist, 95: 211); June 21, August
27, September 17, October 12, 13, 1961 (French Entomologist, 96: 38);
June 19 (1), July 17 (1) 1962 (French, Entomologist, 97: 127).

Variation. — In RCK are the following abs. : inocellata Lempke, Bexley
(2), E. Kent, Herne Bay; ohsoleta Matthew. Greenhithe (1); interrupta
Schawd., Herne Bay, 1908 (1); trans. ad. inocellata Lempke, Herne Bay
(1); ab. with “forewing markings absent”. East Kent, one, 1908, bred
L. W. Newman; ab. with “markings faint and suffused”, Greenhithe (1).

Hare Hoc. cit.) exhibited his 1961 Pinden specimen as referable to ab.
ohsoleta Matthew.

First Record, 1853 : Kentish Coast [Deal] (Harding, in Proc. Soc. Br.
Ent., September 6, 1853, per Zoologist, 4071).

Xanthorhoe designata Hufnagel: Flame Carpet.

Native. Woods, ianesides; foodplant unknown.

1. Bromley (Watchurst, Entomologist, 16: 19); one, June 16, 1960

(D. R. M. Long). Erith; Eltham; getting scarce (V.C.H., 1908). Lee;
Lewisham; Shooters Hill; Plumstead; Bexley; Sidcup; Derrick Wood
(Wool. Surv., 1909). West Wickham (V.C.H., 1908); several in Well Wood
in 1947 and 1949 (C.-H.) Chislehurst, common (S. F. P. Blyth). Sidcup.
one at light, August 28, 1911, one, August 24, 1913 (A R. Kidner). Becken-
ham (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 82). Abbey Wood, 1953 (A. J. Showier).
Orpington (R. G. Chatelain).

3. Clangate Wood, Sturry, two. May 28, June 1, 1932 (Busbridge,
Diary). Broad Oak, June 22, 1944; Paddock Wood, June 13, 1946 (C.-H.).

5. Chevening, 1912-13, 1916 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R. C.
Edwards).

6. Shoreham* (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 1 : 64); 1898 (Carr, Entomologist, 32 : 40).
Otford (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1902: 50). Gravesend
(H C. Huggins), Clay Lane Wood, 1911-12, 1915, common (F. T. Grant).

6a. Darenth Wood (H. C. Huggins). Cobham Wood, May 23, 1868 (J. J.
Walker MS.); 1914 (F. T. Grant). Chattenden, 1923 (F. T. Grant).

7. Sittingbourne and Maidstone (1880) (Green, Young Nat, 1 : (34), 267).
Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). Cutlers Wood, June 2, 1915 (H. G.
Gomm, Diary). Faversham; Sittingbourne (H. C. Huggins). Westwell
(Scott, 1950).

8. Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870). Elham, two, June 13, 1926
(Busbridge, Diary). Chilham, 9, May 2, 1938 (C.-H.). Stowting; Brook*
(C. A. W. Duffield). Bladbean (E. & Y., 1949).

10. Brasted Chart, August 22, 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Sevenoaks, 1919

(38) entomologist’s record, vol., 81 15/XII/69

(Gillett, Entomologist, 53: 23); three at dusk in garden, May 23, one at
light, June 25, 1937 (Busbridge, Diary), Ide Hill, seven. May 27, 1939
(Busbridge, Diary).

11. Near Harrietsham (Stephens, Entomologist, 1 : 200). Bowley Mill
fBlenkarn, Entomologist, 32: 278). Watringbury, very common (V.C.H.,
1908). Maidstone, 1911 (F. T. Grant). Edenbridge, 1931 (F. D. Green-
wood). Hoads Wood (Scott, 1936). Aylesford (G. A. N. Davis). Seven-
oaks Weald, singletons, August 6, 9, 22, 31, September 1, 1959, eleven. May
9-September 11, 1960 (E. A. Sadler).

12. Mersham (Scott, 1936). Willesborough (Scott, 1936); August 23 (1),
28 (1), 1954, August 28, 1956 (1) (W. L. Rudland). Wye (Scott, 1936); one
June 28, 1955 (W. L. Rudland). Ashford (Scott, 1936); c. 1952 (P. Cue). Ham
Street, August 15-20, 1960 (C. R. Haxby and J. Briggs).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man.). Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan); two,
1958 (L. R. Tesch per C. A. Stace). Goudhurst, common (W. V. D. Bolt,
personal communication, 1961).

14. Tenterden (Stainton, Man.).

16. Hythe (MoiTey, 1931). Folkestone Town, one, August 29, 1953 (A.
A4. Morley).

First Record, 1831: Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 220).

[(X. munitata Hubner : Red Carpet.

Doubtless recorded in error.

“It is said to be common at Westerham in Kent” (Curtis, Br. Ent., 296);
“near Westerham” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 215) is most probably based upon
the foregoing (C.-H.). Tunbridge Wells district (R. H. Rattray, in Knipe,
1916); “taken frequently, but I think it is very local” (E, D. Morgan, in
Knipe, 1916, and in Given, 1946); not surprisingly E. D. Morgan (in litt.)
was unable to confirm this when I wrote to him, nor could he give any
details (C.-H.).)]

X. spadicearia Denis & Schiffermuller: ferrugata sens. Haworth: ferrugaria
Haworth emend.: ferrugata sens. Pierce.: Red Twin-spot Carpet.

Native. Woods, hedge-banks, waste places, etc.; [on bedstraw].
Recorded from all divisions. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908).

Apparently in two generations, from about mid May to early June,
and again from late July to early September. In 1961, D. R. M. Long
(Ent. Rec., 73: 133) noted it at light at Bromley on April 17.

I cannot find a single instance on record of the discovery in Kent of
the larva of this very common species. Morgan (Lepidoptera of the Tun-
bridge Wells District, MS.), however, records the larva as having been
found on bedstraw, but gives no particulars and this may refer to Sussex.

Variation. — The majority of Kentish specimens that I have seen appear
to be referable to nymotypical spadicearia. I have a single (S , taken
Broad Oak, August 5, 1951, that conforms to ab. nigrofasciata Djakonov
(gen. det. D. S. Fletcher), an ab. somewhat similar in general appearance
to X. ferrugata Clerck ab. unidentaria Haw. (C.-H.).

Morley iProc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1959: 43) exhibited a
“melanic male”, taken Folkestone, June 19, 1959.

First Record, 1861: Lewisham (Fenn, Diary, 20.V.1861).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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X. ferragata Clerck: Dark-barred Twin-spot Carpet.

Native. Woods, hedgebanks, waste places, etc.; foodplant unknown.
Recorded from all divisions; few records for 15. “Generally common”
(V.C.H., 1908); but rather less frequent than X. spadicearia, at least in my
experience (C.-H.).

The moth appears in two generations, May to early June and in late
July to early September.

15. St. Mary-in-the-Marsh, several, July 31, 1948, August 1, 2, 5, 1948, at
car lights (P. le Masurier). Dungeness, one, June 11, 1962, in m.v. trap
(R. E. Scott). Lydd Town, August 1965 (D. W. H. ffennell).

Variation. — The vast majority of Kentish specimens that I have seen
conform to ab. unidentaria Haw., and I have only one specimen that is
referable to nymotypical ferrugata (gen. det. D. S. Fletcher), taken West
Wickham, May 11, 1947 (C.-H.).

First Record, 1831: Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 215).

X. quadrifasciata Clerck: Large Twin-spot Carpet.

Native. Woods, carr; [on hawthorn]

1. Bostall Wood, June 28, 1862; Erith, $, July 23, 1875, one, July 8,
1884; Bexley, 9. June 13, 1885, one, June 25, 1886 (Fenn, Diary). Eltham;
Sidcup (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909); may refer to the foregoing (C.-H.).
Crayford, not uncommon (A. H. Jones, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Sidcup, one,
July 29, 1911, one at light, July 23, 1922 (A. R. Kidner). Chislehurst, one,
1880 (Pim, Entomologist, 14: 70); one, 1914 (Rait-Smith, Ent. Rec., 27:
170); one in the garden, July 11, 1905 (S. F. P. Blyth). Bexley, one, July
16, 1899 (Carr, Entomologist, 33: 130); Lee (Carr, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1893: 109), may refer (C.-H.); (L. T. Ford). Joydens Wood, July
13, 15, 1969 (B. K. West).

2. Near Sheerness, one beaten out of thatch, 1871 (Walker, Ent. mon.
Mag., 8: 184).

3. Perry Wood (Morris, Br. Moths, 2 : 20). Canterbury*, one, July 1904,
two, 1907, in F. A. Small coll. (C.-H.). Ridgeway (A. J. L. Bov/es). Herne
Bay (D. G. Marsh). Den Grove, one, June 25, 1938; Broad Oak, one, July
11, 1946 (C.-H.). Kent*, one, 1861 (Cox, et al, Ent. week. Int., 10: 124).

4. Ham Fen, one, 1935 (E. & Y., 1949); one, July 20, 1967 (T. W. Har-
man). Ickham, fairly numerous annually, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh).

5. Halstead (R. E. Fram.pton coll.).

6. Greenhithe (Earn MS.). Upper Hailing, one, July 8. 1904, H. Elgar;
Biriing, one, June 29, 1907, H. C. Huggins; both in Maidstone Mus. (C.-H.).
Snodland, a few, July 20, 1908 (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 21 : 32). Biriing, July
15, 1911 (F. T. Grant). Gravesend (H. C. Huggins). Fav^kham; Green
Street Green (E. J. Hare). Farningham Road, one, June 26, 1964 (R. G.
Chatelain).

6a. Darenth Wood (see First Record); 1860 (Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 9:
59); one, July 27, 1874 (Fenn, Diary); larva spun up in honeysuckle leaf
growing on hawthorn. May 16, imago emerged June 26, 1925, the larva
appeared to have fed on the hawthorn (F. T. Grant); one, July 18, 1936,
and two others (B. K. West). Cobham Wood (J. J. Walker, in Chaney,
1884-87); June 10, 1912, June 16, 1914, July 8, 1916 (F. T. Grant). High
Halstow, July 12, 1958 (Gould, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1958:
75).

7. Westwell, July 8, 1935 (A. J. L. Bowes); Scott (1936) probably refers

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entomologist’s record, VOL., 81

15/III/70

(C.-H.); July 8, 1946 (Bull, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1946-47;
168); one, June 13, 1960 (M. Enfield); one, July 24, 1963 (C.-H.). Belmont
(H. C. Huggins), Godmersham, one, July 9, 1946 (C.-H.). Bearsted, one
in G. Law coll. (C.-H.). White Hill (Scott, 1950).

8. Deal* (Morris, Br. Moths, 2 : 20). Folkestone* (Uliyett, 1880). Brook*
(C. A. W. Duffield). Temple Ewell, June 21, 1946, one (A, M. Morley in E.
& Y., 1949). Betteshanger, four, July 6, 1957 (R. F. Bretherton). Dover,
one, 1946 (Gardiner, Ent. Gaz., 10; ID. Bridge, one, July 12, 1953 (W. B. L.
Manley).

10. Seal (Carrington, Entomologist, 13; 76).

11. Nettlestead, five, July 1880 (Thornewill, Entomologist, 14; 117).
Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908); one, July 4, 1959 (C.-H.). Maidstone [West
Mailing] three in my coll, bred in 1905 by W. A. Cope from ova deposited
by a captured 9 (C.-H.). West Mailing, July (2). August 4 (4), 1947 (W.
A. Cope). Maidstone district* (Green, Ent. Rec., 53; 109). Maidstone,
one, 1953, one, July 16, 1955 (E. Philp). Aylesford, 1950 (1); 1951 (1); June
14 (1), July 11 (2), 12 (1), 16 (1), 1955; July 18 (1), 26 (1) 1956; July 4 (1), 12
(1), 19 (1) 1957 (G. A. N. Davis).

12. Chartham, four, c. 1950 (P. B. Wacher). Ham Street, one, 1951 (G
A. N. Davis). Ashford Town, July 21, 1955 (P. Cue). Wye* (Scott, 1936).
Willesborough, one, August 3, 1955, one, July 24, 1956 (W. L. Rudland); one,
at light, July 1958 (M. Singleton). Wye, two. July 18-August 3, 1954, two
August 2-10, 1955, five, July 22-August 10, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). West
Ashford, one at light, 1959, one at light, June 13, 1960 (M. Enfield).

14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull).

Variation. — The form with the central band velvety black, ab. thedenii
Lampa is of fairly frequent occurrence, e.g., my three specimens from
Den Grove, Godmersham and Wateringbury, are referable here; as are
the Ham Street specimen and six of the Aylesford specimens taken by
G. A. N. Davis (C.-H.).

In RCK are the following named abs. ; thedenii Lampa, Bexley, one,
1895; reduplicata Heinrich, Ashford, two, 1892, Darenth, one, 1903; tangens
Lempke, Chatham, one, 1908, Wateringbury, one, 1902, East Kent, one, 1934,
dissolutaria Petersen, Ashford, one, 1902.

A. M. Morley’s specimen from Temple Ewell conforms to ab. dissolu-
taria Petersen (E. & Y., 1949).

First Record, 1831 ; “I have taken the insect several times at Darenth”
(Stephens, Haust., 3; 216).

X. montanata Denis & Schiffermuller: Silver-ground Carpet.

Native. Woods, copses, bushy places; on primrose. Recorded from all
divisions except 2, 9, 15; few records for 4. “Generally abundant” (V.C.H.,
1908). This assessment is not supported by the records, for though the
moth is often plentiful in deciduous woodland, it is markedly less so else-
where in the county, and in some parts may be rare or absent.

The insect is normally single brooded with perhaps a partial second
generation. Knaggs (1870) gives May and August for the times of appear-
ance; on the other hand, Tutt (Ent. Rec., 3: 188) emphatically states that
he never once encountered a second brood specimen.

Anderson (Young Nat., 1 ; 17) records collecting larvae at West Wick-
ham on March 27, 1880, “from the undersides of primrose leaves”; and
Fenn (Diary) bred a moth on May 21. 1861, from a larva that he took at

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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West Wickham on March 23 that year.

4. Stodmarsh, June 10, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). Ickham, not common,
1954-59 (D. G. Marsh).

Variation. — The following aberrations are in RCK: — lutescens Lempke,
Chattenden, one, 1885; Westwell one, 1906, L. B. Prout; continuata Krulik,
Chattenden, one, 1885; approximata Lempke, Westerham, one; tangens
Lempke, Westerham, one; Chattenden, one; pseudolapponica Schawerda,
Wye, one, 1912; albomarginata Lempke, Folkestone, one, 1905; Halstead,
1888; degenerata Prout + approximata Lempke, Bexley, one; Westwell.
one, trans ad candidata Nitsche, Chattenden, three; candidata Nitsche,
Chattenden, one; reticulata Cockayne, holotype 9- “J- Juby/28.6/32/
Wrotham” (cf. Cockayne, Ent. Rec., 65: 162).

Ab. fuscomarginata Stgr. is common in Kent, and I have specimens
from various localities; ab. degenerata Prout on the other hand, is rela-
tively scarce, and I have only one example, taken Broad Oak, 1953. My
series from Kent also contains three good ab. nigrofasciata Ostelder, each
of which has the band abnormally broad (C.-H.).

First Record, 1859: Greenhithe (Fenn, Diary, Sl.v.1859).

X. fluctuata L.: Garden Carpet.

Native. Gardens, waste places, etc.; on Alliaria petiolata, “yellow
alyssum”. Frequent (particularly in suburban and town areas) and
recorded from all divisions. “Generally abundant” (V.C.H., 1908).

The moth appears to be normally double brooded, but a partial third
generation may sometimes occur. At Sidcup, Kidner (Diary) noted it in
1921 as early as April 7; and in 1938 on April 10, from May 16-June 21,
July 26, and then from August 29-September 26. In 1955, W. L. Rudland
recorded seeing it at Willesborough as late as October 23.

Kidner (Diary) found larvae in his garden at Sidcup on September 30,
1925, July 9, 1926 (several), July 18, 1927, July 29, 1932 (2), but gave no
record of the foodplant. D. R. M. Long, however, records having taken
the larva at Bromley on Hedge Garlic (A. petiolata); and D. O’Keefe took
six full-fed larvae in mid October 1968, on yellow alyssum in his garden
at Bexley.

Variation. — The following are in RCK: — Abs. fihulata Hufn., Lewis-
ham., one, May 1892; ahstersata H.-S., Lewisham, one, 1891, one, 1901;
putridaria H.-S., Lewisham, one, 1909, one, 1892, one, 1899; undulata Prout,
Lewisham, one, 1908; insolida Prout, Lev/isham, one, 1868; albescens
Lempke, Faversham, one, 1908; degenerata Lempke, Lewisham, one, 1900;
approximata Lempke, Lewisham, 1900; costovata Haw., Lewisham, one,
1907; deleta CklL, “London S. E./H. J. Turner/ 1889”; fumata Cockayne,
holotype, Bexley, bred L. W. Newman, 1911, A (cf. Ent. Rec., 65: 162).
Also, one somatic mosaic, “Lewisham, 26.6.99”.

Roche (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 19<S.8-49: 18) exhibited ab.
costovata Haw., from Kemsing; and Morley (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1943“44: 18) ab. neapolisata Mill., from Folkestone. Other abs. from
Kent have been recorded by Buckstone (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist
Soc., 1925-26: 59), Boutell (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1890: 40>
and Stevens (Ent. mon. Mag., 13: 69).

First Record, 1835: Kent (Wood, Index, Entomologicus, 91 ».

15/III/70

(42) entomologist’s record, VOL., 81

Scotcpteryx bipimctaria Denis & Schiffermueller ssp. cretata Prout:
Chalk Carpet.

Native. Downs, railway banks, cliffs; on Lotus corniculatus. Chiefly on
the chalk frequent and locally abundant in 5, 6, 7, 8; elsewhere probably
mainly casual nowadays. “Generally abundant on the chalk” (V.C.H.,
1908).

Obs. — At Trottiscliffe (div. 6), I took a larva on L. corniculatus, April
20. 1961 (C.-H.).

1. Charlton sandpit (Bedell, Zoologist, 735). Near Sydenham* (Cox,
Ent. week. Int., 6: 188). Grove Park, common 1885, 1887; Brown’s Woods,
Halfway Street, 1885 (Fenn, Diary). Sydenham (Sellon, Ent. Rec., 2: 164).
Brockley (Wool. Surv., 1909). Eltham (V.C.H., 1908). Sidcup, one, at light,
1909; a few, July 19, 1925; one at light, July 29, 1927 (A. R. Kidner, Diary).
Petis Wood, fairly frequent at light, very common in 1948 (E. Evans);
1950 (A. M. & F. A. Swain). Orpington, 1948-53 (L. W. Siggs). West Wick-
ham, 1951 (E. Trundell).

2. Royal Oak, Sheppey, 1869 (J. J. Walker MS). Sheerness, abundant on

the cliffs, 1871 (Walker, Ent. man. Mag., 8; 185). Sheppey, one,

1900 (Fletcher, Entomologist, 34: 371). Dartford (B. K. West).

3. Near Herne Bay* (Butler, Ent. week Int., 6: 180). Whitstable, one,
1935, two, 1937, one, 1942 (P. F. Harris).

4. Sandwich, one, September 18, 1954 (W. D. Bowden).

6a. Chattenden, one July 27, 1862 (A. H. Jones teste Fenn, Diary).

9. Ramsgate (Willson, Entomologist, 23: 140); July 27, August 8, 14,
1910 (J. W. C. Hunt). Cliffs between Westgate and Birchington, three,
July 19, 1919; Kingsgate, July 17, 1920; Hengrove, five, July 15, 1915 (H.
G. Gomm, Diary). Margate, one, August, 11, 1932 (P. F. Harris).

11. East Mailing, one, 1951; Aylesford, 1951 (1), 1952 (1), 1953 (1),
August 10, 1955 (1) (G. A. N. Davis).

12. Wye, 1953 (2), 1954 (1) (W. L. Rudland).

13. Tunbridge Wells, common, 1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2 : 229). Hobb’s
Hill (Given, 1946).

15. Dungeness, July 4, 1945 (A. M. Morley).

16. Folkestone Town (Morley, Ent. Rec., 64: 171); a few (A. M. Morley).
Variation. — In RCK are the following named abs. : — fasciata Prout,

one, Charing, 1923; trans ad fasciata Prout, Greenhithe, 1913; erichi
Schawd, Otford, 1913, Folkestone, 1913, 1915; extrapunctata Dann., Snod-
land, 1901, 1904; strangulata Hackray, Folkestone, 1923; margaritata

Lempke, Dover, 1881, Snodland, 1905, Charing, 1923, Folkestone, 1905.

First Record, 1831 : “Abounds in the fields near Darenth-wood”

(Stephens, Haust., 3: 212).

S. chenopodiata L.: limitata Scopoli: Shaded Broad-bar.

Native. Downs, waste places, etc.; foodplant unrecorded. Found in all
divisions, but appears to show a preference for light soils and dry situa-
tions. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908).

Gillett (Diary) states that he bred an imago on August 1, 1916 from a
larva taken wild at Chevening, but does not specify the foodplant.
Fletcher (Entomologist, 34: 72) records that in 1900 he found the moth in
Sheppey, “common amongst mallow”.

Variation. — In RCK are the following named abs.: — hirgittae Nord-
strom, Deal, 1898, Herne Bay, 1904, Folkestone, 1923; plurimelineata

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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Stauder, Deal, 1898; clarior Nordstrom, Shoreham, Kent, 1930.

First Record, 1844: Charlton Sand-pit (Bedell, Zoologist, 735).

[(S'. mucTonata Scopoli ssp. umbrijera Heydemann

Dartford Heath (West, Entomologist, 86 : 165), is referable to S. luridata
(Hufnagel) (q.o.) (C.-H.).)]

S. luridata (Hufnagel): plumbaria (Fabricius): Lead Belle.

Native. Heaths, chalk downs, shingle beach; on Ulex europaeus.
Genista anglica.

I. Dartford Heath, larvae found on furze (Machin, Entomologist, 4:
154); found larvae in April, on “dwarf gorse” and G. anglica imagines
reared (L. T. Ford); several imagines, June 20, 1925 (A. R. Kidner);
several taken May 30, 1952 (West, Entomologist, 86 : 165) (were incorrectly
determined as S. mucronata Scopoli (q.v.)); several, June 20, 1953, several,
June 14, 1957 (C.-H.); one, July 1968 (D. O’Keefe). Erith, one, June 27,
1884; Pauls Cray, one, June 27, 1884, one, July 7, 1888, one, July 21, 1890
(Fenn, Diary). Shooters Hill; Foots Cray; Bexley; Hayes (Wool. Surv.,
1909). West Wickham (V.C.H., 1908). Keston, two bred, June 29, 1901, in

E. Nottle coll. (C.-H.). Chislehurst, one, July 14, 1907 (S. F. P. Blyth);
five Gcj', June 15, 1963 (C.-H.). Bromley, one, July 29, 1960 (D. R. M.
Long).

3. Faversham* (Morris, Br. Moths, 2 : 37), Blean, two, June 25, 1906,
one, July 1, 1907; East Blean, two, July 5, 1908; ail in J. Platt Barrett coll.
(C.-H.). Herne, singletons, June 6, 1937, June 4, 17, 1942 (P. F. Harris).

6. Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Shoreham (V.C.H., 1908). Pinden, one, July
2, 1946 (E. J. Hare).

6a. Darenth Wood (see First Record). Chattenden, two, June 28, 1869
(J. J. Walker MS.); three, July 12, 1884, two, June 12, 1886, very common
June 8, 1889, two, June 20, 1891, one, June 17, 1893 (Fenn, Diary); (Chaney,
Rochester Nat., 1885: 10); several June 20, 1906, H. C. Huggins, in Maid-
stone Mus. (C.-H.). Chattenden (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 4: 229).

7. Boxley, two, E. BLartlett], in Maidstone Mus. (C.-H.).

8. East Downs, Folkestone, June (Ullyett, 1880). Folkestone*, one,
July 20, 1929, S. P. Doudney, in my coll. (C.-H.). Dover (Webb, 1899);
Kearsney, June 25, 1899, three, June 22, 1903; Combe Slopes, two, June
25, 1903, one, July 4, 1904 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary et coll.); Poulton Woods,
June 12, 1908 (Cardew, Diary). Deal* (V.C.H., 1908). Ewell Minnis; Whin-
less Down (E. & Y., 1949). Near Alkham (Morley, 1931). Chilham. 1936
(C.-H.). Crundale (Scott, 1936). Wye, one, June 2, 1920 (H. G. Gomm,
Diary); (C. A. W. Duffield).

9. Ramsgate* (Willson, Entomologist, 23 : 140).

10. Chart Warren, Sevenoaks, August 3, 1946 (G. E. Law).

II. Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908).

13. Tunbridge Wells district, swarming (Cox, Entomologist, 4 (62) ii);
1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2: 229), “Formerly very abundant on Broad-
water Forest, a few on Ramslye straying over on to rough fields in June”
(E. D. Morgan, in litt).

15. It is interesting to note that there is no record for this div. prior
to 1954 (C.-H.). Dungeness, one, June 19, 1954, two, June 30, 1962 (R.

F. Birchenough); June 30-July 3, 1954 (R. F. Bretherton); frequently
flushed from herbage, July 9, 1955 (Wakely, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1955: 78); three, 1956 (W. V. D. Bolt); in m.v. trap, June 29 (1), 30 (3),

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entomologist’s record, VOL. 82

15/IV/70

July 6 (1), 7 (1), 1962; and in m.v. trap at Boulderwall. June 12 (1), 15 (2),
July 3, 1966 (R. E. Scott).

Variation. — Cockayne (Ent. Rec., 53 : 26) records a 9 ab. luridata
Bork., in RCK from the O’Reilly coll., labelled Tunbridge Wells, 1868.
Also in RCK is ab. umhrifera Heyd., one, Dartford, bred 1909.

First Record, 1831 : “Very abundant on heaths by the sides of woods
. . . especially at . . . Darenth Wood’’ (Stephens. Haust., 3: 210).

Catarhoe ruhldata Denis & Schiffermueller; The Flame.

Native. Hedgerows, bushy places; on bedstraw.

1. Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 237). Near Woolv/ich (Jones, Ent.
vjeek. Int., 10: 187). Burnt Ash Lane. Lee. and George Lane, Lewisham,
several, June 11-20, seven, June 28, 1861; several. June 3-27, twenty, June
11, 1862 (Fenn, Diary). Near Lewisham. 1867 (Adkin, Entomologist, 4 (51)
ii). [West Wickham] *(Huckett, Ent. iveek. Int., 10: 115). Bexley; Orping-
ton (Carr, Entomologist, 32: 40). Bromley Road; Halfway Street; Eltham;
Hayes. Keston, one, 1901 (Wool. Surv., 1909). Kidbrook Lane, very com-
mon amongst rose bushes (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 199).

2. Sheppey (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 184; idem, Ent. mon. Mag., 9:
163).

3. Broad Oak. frequent at light in 1946 and in other years (C.-H.).
Eddington, one, July 14, 1948; one, June 28. 9 at light July 4, several at
light, July 5. 1949 (D. G. Marsh).

4. Deal* (Harding. Ent. week. Int., 6 : 91). Ham Fen, one, June 17.
1950 (C.-H.). Minster Marshes, seven, June 25, one, July 2, 1951, one, June
18, 1952 (W. D. Bowden).

5. Chevening. June 12. 16, 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R. C.
Edwards).

6. Longfield (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (54) ii). Greenhithe (Farn
MS.). Otford (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1902: 50). Clay
Lane Wood; Birling (H. C. Huggins). Upper Hailing (Hards & Gould,
Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1958: 79).

6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, loc. cit.). Chattenden (H. C. Huggins).

7. Darland Hill (Chaney, Rochester Nat., 1SS5: 10). Westwell,

numerous, 1945-47 (E. Scott).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Kearsney, one, May 10, 1896; six, June
27, 1901; Chilton, Alkham, one, July 12, 1899 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary).
Dover, one, June 9, 1945 (B. O. C. Gardiner). Ringwouid (E. & Y., 1949).
Stowting; Brook (C. A. W. Duffield). Folkestone, one. June 28, 1956 (R.
W. Fawthrop teste A. M, Morley).

9. Ramsgate, one, June 3, 1911 (J. W. C. Hunt).

11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Hoads Wood (P. Cue teste E. Scott). Seven-
oaks Weald, three, June 18-July 1, 1960 (E. A. Sadler).

12. Wye. 9. July 9, 1938 (C.-H.); one, June 28, 1955, one, July 24, 1956
(W. L. Rudiand). Ham Street, July 22, 1946 (C.-H.); 9 , at m.v.l. in Birchett
Wood, July 23, 1969 (B. F. Skinner). Warehorn (Scott, 1950). Willesborough,
one, June 29, 1955 (W. L. Rudiand).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man.). Tunbridge Wells* .fairly common (R. H.
Rattray in Knipe. 1916); scarce (Given, 1946). Goudhurst, one, 1955 (W. V.
D. Bolt).

14. Tenterden (Stainton, Man.). Sandhurst, July 27, 1946 (G. V. Bull,
Diary). Hawkhurst, one, 1952, one, 1953 (B. G. Chatfield).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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15. Dungeness (Edwards, Proc. S. Loud, ent.nat. Hist. Soc., 1957: 26).
First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit.

C. cuculata Hufnagel: sinuata Denis & Schiffermueller: Royal Mantle.
Resident. Hedge-sides, field-borders, woods; on Galium mollugo.

This species has shown a very marked and interesting extension of
range into Kent within recent times. After a period of more than fifty
years with no record of occurrence, the moth appeared in 1952 in div. 5
on the extreme north-western edge of the county, since when it has
spread eastwards into 1 and 6.

1. Between Darenth and Birch Wood* (see First Record). Sidcup, “Wil-
liams of Sidcup was telling me that Hickling, a man who lives near him.
took several sinuata in a wood on the right hand side of the line past
Sidcup station, one of which was a 9 from which he bred a lot from the
ova she laid” (Fenn, Diary, 13. ii. 1890). St. Mary Cray, one, September 3,
1955, one July 3, 1957 (R. G. Chatelain). Bromley, one in m.v. trap, July
15, 1964 (D. R. M Long). Orpington, one, July 17, 1964, one, August 17,
1965 (I. A. Watkinson). Bexley, 9 » 1966 (D. O’Keefe).

3. Kent [Blean?]*, one taken 1861 (Cox et al., Ent. week. Int., 10: 124).
Blean Wood, several (1871) (Parry, Entomologist, 5: 366). East Kent*, one
emerged June 19, 1875, from larva taken August 1874 (Jennings, Ento-
mologist, B: 183).

5. Westerham, by the Pilgrims Way. — one, at light, 1952; five at light,
1953 (R. C. Edwards; Dixon & Edwards, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
185^”55: 24-25); noted here annually since 1952 (R. C. Edwards personal
comm., xii. 1961); several larvae on G. mollugo, August 28, 1954; two larvae
on G. mollugo, September 3, 1956, one of v/hich parasitized by Apanteles
fulvipes Hal., det. G. E. J. Nixon (C.-H.) Biggin Flill, a larVa on G. mollugo,
September 4, 1954; Badgers Mount, four larvae on G. mollugo, September
2, 1961, one of which parasitized by Meteorus deceptor Wesmael, det. R.

D. Eady (C.-H.).

6. Otford, 1955 (W. B. L. Manley in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956; 92).
Eynsford, two, July 10, 1960, about 20 larvae on G. mollugo, August 1969
(R. G. Chatelain); about 15 at light, August 2, 1962 (C. G. Bruce, B. F.
Skinner & R. Fox;; several, June 26, several, July 6, 1968 (D. O’Keefe).

16. Hythe West, five, July 1898 (Heitland, Entomologist, 31 : 222).
Variation. — One reared May, 1957 from larva taken Westerham,
September 3, 1956, is referable to ab. circulata Rebel (C.-H.).

First Record, 1831 : “Very rare; the only locality I know is a lane
between Darenth and Birch woods” (Stephens, Haust.,B: 237).

[Epirrhoe tristata L.; Small Argent and Sable.

Doubtfully Kentish.

1. “Farnborough, uncommon” (H. Aiderson, in Wool. Surv., 1909>. There
are no tristata in the H. A. Aiderson coll. (C.-H.).

8. Dover district*, the species is listed among those that had become
scarcer in East Kent (Webb, S. E. Nat., 1903 : 55).]

E. alternata O. F. Muller; sociata Borkhausen; Common Carpet.

Native. Woods, marshes, hedgebanks, waste places, etc.; [on Galium

aparinel Frequent and found in ail divisions. “Generally common”
(V.C.H., 1908).

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There are two generations, the moths of the second brood being nor-
mally fewer in number and smaller in size.

A. R. Kidner (Diary) records finding two larvae at Sidcup on October
2, 1927, but makes no mention of the foodplant. E. D. Morgan (Lepidoptera
of Tunbridge Wells MS.) gives the feral pabulum as “bedstraw”, but this
may refer to Sussex. At Ham Fen, I have observed the moth flying in
abundance among and settling on G. aparine, and strongly suspect this to
be the foodplant there (C.-H.).

Variation. — Haworth (Lep. Brit., 2 : 333) refers to the hoiotype of his
ab. degenerata thus : “Habitat Cantio rarissime. Exemplarum solum vidi”.
This is indeed a rare ab., and the only Kentish example that I have seen
is one which I took at Dungeness, August 5, 1955 (C.-H.).

First Record, 1804 : Haworth, loc. cit.

E. rivata Hubner: "Wood Carpet.

Native. Hedgebanks, dov/ns, wood-borders, bushy places; foodplant
unknown. Frequent on the chalk in 5-8. “Common on the chalk” (V.C.H.,
1908).

I. West Wickham Wood (Wells, Entomologist, 24: 74); 1951 (E. E. J.
Trundell). Courtfield Wood, two, July 8, 1884 (Fenn, Diary), Lewisham,
1885 (Marriott, Young Nat., 7 : 79). Kidbrook; Lee; Lewisham; Bexley;
Eltham; Wilmington (Wool. Surv., 1909). Orpington, 1954 (L. W. Siggs);
one, July 28, 1964 (I. A. Watkinson).

3. Broad Oak, 1938, and occasionally at light subsequently to 1955
(C.-H.) Oldridge Wood (J. A. Parry). Eddington, at light, July 5, 1949
(D. G. Marsh, Diary).

4. Deal, August 7, 1890 (Fenn, Diary). Ham Fen, one, June 17, 1950
(C.-H.). Minster*, July 2, 6, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). Ickham, occasionally,
1954-59 (D. G. Marsh).

9. Ramsgate, one, 1910, two, 1911, one, 1913 (J. W. C. Hunt). Brooks
End, two (W. D. Bowden).

II. Hoads Wood, one, June 20, 1951 (W. L. Rudland).

12. Ashford (P. Cue per E. Scott). Willesborough, two, 1954, three,
1955, three, 1956; Wye, two, 1955-56 (W. L. Rudland). Orlestone Woods,
two, July 28, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton).

13. Pembury, common (Stainton, Man.); c. 1950 (V. M. Sage). Tun-
bridge Wells* (Knipe, 1916).

14. Tenterden, common (Stainton, Man.). Sandhurst (G. V. Bull).

15. Burmarsh, two at dusk, August 17, 1947 (P. le Masurier).

16. Folkestone, one, September 10, 1953 (A. M, Morley),

Variation. — Sauze (Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1896: 9)
exhibited an ab. from Deal, “having the broad white fascia on the fore-
wings bisected throughout its length by a distinct dark line, which was
faintly continued in the corresponding white band on the hind-wings”

In RCK are : ab. maculata Rebel, Folkestone; also, an ab. with “median
band widened”, Dover, 1893.

First Record, 1809 : “Habitat in cretaceis sepibus in Cantio. ImagO'
f. Jul. frequens” (Haworth, Lepidoptera Britannica, 332).

E. galiata Denis & Schiffermueller: Galium Carpet.

Native. Chalk cliffs and downs, shingle beach, rough grassy places.

LEPIDOFTERA OF KENT

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etc.; foodplant unrecorded.

1. Dartford*; Shooters Hill (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 199). Bexley district
(L. W. Newman, in Wool, Surv., 1909). Woolwich*, 1939 (R. G. Rigden, in
de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 90).

5. Westerham (R. C. Edwards).

6. Cuxton (Chaney, Rock. Nat., 1885: 10). Eynsford, a few, August
1912 (S. F. P. Blyth); one, 1954 (B. K. West). Pinden (E. J. Hare).

6a. Cobham Wood (Chaney, loc. cit).

7. Rochester-Maidstone Road (Chaney, loc. cit). Westweli (Scott.
1936); d, August 17, 1955 (P. Cue, per E. Scott). Walderslade, one, 1951
(G. A. N. Davis).

8. Recorded many times coastally from Deal to Folkestone. The only
inland records are: Alkham, July 5, 1934 (J. H. B. Lowe). Stowding;
Brook (C. A. W. Dufheld). Wye. (Scott, 1936). Betteshangar Park, two,
June 11, 1951 (W. D. Bowden).

9. Margate (Spiller, Entomologist, 46: 318); a few on fences and dis-
turbed from bushes, June 29-August 19, 1915, May 20, 1920, one. September
10, 1923 (H. G. Gomm, Diary); (H. C. Huggins). Ramsgate (Schooling,
Proc. Nonpareil ent. nat. Hist. Soc., March 4, 1897, per Entomologist, 30 :
153).

13. Tunbridge Wells, 1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2: 229). Tunbridge
V(^ells* (Knipe, 1916).

15. Dungeness, June 13. 1931, June 25, August 13, 1932, May 24, 1933
(G. V. Bull, Diary); June 11, 1932 (J. H. B. Lowe); (E. J. Hare); two, June
14, 1955 (G. A. N. Davis); three, 1957 (P. Cue); a few, August 18-19, 1958
(E. C. Pelham-Clinton); 1959 (A. L. Goodson); thirty-two, June 8- July 13,
with max. ten on June 30, six, August 8-30. 1962, all in m.v. trap (R. E.
Scott); 1967 (de Worms, Entomologist, 101 : 117).

16. Folkestone*, larvae and imagines (Meek, Ent. mon. Mag., 1 : 190).
Folkestone Town, three (A. M. Morley).

First Record, 1831: Near Dover, one, 1818, abundant June 1819

(Stephens, Haust., 3: 223).

r Costaccmvexa polygrammata Borkhausen: Many Lined.

Questionably Kentish.

I rather doubt the following record. The moth, which is now extinct
and closely resembles in appearance Orthonama vittata Borkhausen, was
apparently restricted to the Cambridgeshire fens. Moreover, the figures of
each in Newman’s Natural History of British Moths — the popular work
at the time — are transposed, which must have added greatly to the con-
fusion.

“Mr Webb states that a specimen was taken at the Mill Pond at Dart-
ford, in 1874” (H. Goss, in V.C.H., 1908).]

Camptogramma bilmeata L.: Yellow Shell.

Native. Hedgerows, gardens, bushy places, waste ground, etc.; on
“chickweed”. In all divisions. “Generally abundant” (V.C.H., 1908).

The moth is in one generation, from about the third week of June to
well into August, but has been recorded exceptionally as follows : May
25, 1893, at Lee (Fenn, Diary); May 27, 1912, at Chevening (Giliett, Diary);
September 13, 1935, at Sidcup (A. R. Kidner); and September 21, 1963, at

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entomologist’s record, VOL. 32

15/ VIII /TO

Bromley (D. R. M. Long). It is seldom observed at light, but occasionally
comes to sugar and more often to the blossoms of Kentranthus, buddlela,
etc.

Kidner (Diary) records the larva as fairly plentiful in his garden at
Sidcup in February and March 1920, and several there from February 16,
1936, but gives no indication of the foodplant. D. R. M. Long, however,
records finding the larva at BromJey on chickweed.

Variation. — Hawkins (Entomologist, 53: 59-60, fig.) described ab. virgata
Hawkins on the basis of a $ that he took at Herne Bay, July 22, 1923.

In RCK are the following named abs.: margaritata Kautz, Lev/isham,
1891, Westwell, 1909; infuscata Gumppenberg, Margate, 1907, 1908, West-
well, 1908(2), Lewisham, 1896, Herne Bay, 1908, Bexley, 1915, Shoreham,
1909, Dover, 1881, Folkestone, 1901, North Kent, 1920; fuscojasciata Meves,
Frindsbury, 1884, Lewisham, 1894, Sidcup. 1911, Margate, 1908; bubaceki
Kautz, Folkestone, 1896, Dover, 1889, S. Webb, one (figured Barrett. Lep.
Br. Is.. 8; pit. 364, fig. 2b); stygiata Kautz, North Kent, 1920(2), Folkestone,
1903; brunneata Kautz, Westcombe Park, 1893; flavobrunnea Lempke,
Folkestone, 1906. Also, a somatic mosaic, “D. Watson/Southfleet/24.7.
1928".

First Record, 1861 : Burnt Ash Lane. Lee. in considerable abundance,
June 1861 (C. & J. Fenn, Diary).

[(Entephria flavicinctata Hiibner: Yellow-ringed Carpet.

Recorded erroneously (in Ent. Gaz., 10: 12) as having occurred

severally at Dover in 1943 and 1944)].

Larentia clavaria Haworth: Mallow Moth.

Native. Waste places, marshes, waysides, gardens; on Malva sylvestris,
[M. rotundiflora] , Althaea officinalis, hollyhock. Frequent and found in
all divisions.

The larva has mostly been found on M. sylvestris. Thus. Knaggs (1870)
noted it as abundant on this on the Lower Sandgate Road, Folkestone; and
I found it plentifully on this in waste places bordering saltmiarshes at
Stoke and elsewhere in div. 2; also, upon a dwarf form, of Malva at Dunge-
ness, that I suspect is M. rotundiflora (C.-H.). The larva has also occurred
on hollyhock, at Farnborough (W. Barnes, in Wool, Surv., 1909), and in
gardens at Ashford (P. Cue, teste E. Scott); and on A. officinalis on Rom-
ney Marsh (Edwards & Wakely, Ent. Rec.. 7G: 94>.

Variation. — In RCK are: ab. edentata Schwing., “Wye/ *l[arva] 7.9.06/
L. B. Prout’’ (1); an ab. with “reddish ground”, “Wye/ *l[arva] 27.9.06/L.
B. Prout” (1).

First Record, 1831: Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haus., 3: 211).

Anticlea badiata Denis & Schiffermulier: Shoulder-stripe.

Native. Bushy-places, hedgerows, woods; on dog rose. In all divisions.
“Generally commion” (V.C.H., 1908).

The insect is normally out from the beginning of April, but in 1868
was noted in Sheppey as early as March 7 (J. J. Walker, MS.), and in 1911
at Ramsgate as late as May 22 (J. W. C, Hunt).

A. R. Kidner (Diary) records finding the larva as follov/s : Farningham,
June 9 (4). July 10 (1), 1926, July 21, 1929; Eynsford Downs, June 15. 1930
(young larvae fairly numerous). D. R. M. Long has had the larva on dog

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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j rose at Lullingstone; and it has aiso been taken on this at Farnborough
; (Chatelain et al, Ent. Rec., 81 ; 109); and by me at Farningham Wood, on
j June 8, 1969 (C.-H.).

Variation. — In RCK is ab. impuncta Lempke, one, “Lewisham Bred
" 1387“.

; First Record, 1861 : Lewisham, April 5, 1861 (C. Cortissos teste Fenn,
j Diary).

A. derivata Denis & Schiffermulier; mgrofasciaria Goeze: Streamer.
Native. Woods, bushy places, etc.; on rose.

1. Lewisham-Lee neighbourhood, 1845 (Stainton, Zoologist, 1089); April
29, May 1861, two. May 19, 1862 (Fenn., Diary; idem, Ent. Rec., 8 ; 230);
one. 1868. one. 1904 (R. Adkin, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Beckenham, 1863
(Leigh, Week. Ent., 2; 118). Dartford Heath (Jenner, Week. Ent., 2: 197).
Eltharn, occasionally on palings (A. H. Jones in Buckell & Prout, Trans.
Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 72). Eden Park, one (L. B. Prout in
Buckell & Prout, loc. cit.). Plumstead (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 199). Farn-
borough; Keston (W. Barnes in Wool. Surv., 1909). Hayes district, 1899
(Carr, Entomologist, 33: 47). Bexley, one, 1898 (Carr, Entomologist, 32,
40). Keston, one, June 1, 1901, in E. Nottle coll. (C.-H.). Bromley (V.C.H.,
1908). Dartford (V.C.H., 1908); fairly common (B. K. West). West Wick-
ham (R. F. Birchenough in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1958: 97); one, 1958 (C.-
H.). Petts Wood, one, 1938, in A. M. & F. xA.. Swain coll. (C.-H.). Keston,
one, May 3, 1964 (R. G. Chatelain).

2. Faversham (H. C. Huggins).

3. Perry Wood (A. J. L. Bowes). Broad Oak, one. May 14, 1938 (C.-H.).
Oldridge Wood, larvae beaten from rose. c. 1946 (J. A. Parry). Herne
Bay, 9- May 18, 1947 (D. G. Marsh).

5. Chevening, eleven, April 23-May 16, 1912; May 4, 1913; April 29,
1914 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). Near Cudham, three
in a lane. May 3, 1933 (T. G. Edwards. Diary).

6. Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Gravesend, May 10, 1911 (F. T. Grant),
Otford, June 19, 1915 (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1915-13:
99). Eynsford, larva, June 15, 1930; several larvae, June 1931; several
young larvae, May 21, 1934; two larvae, June 19, 1938, Farningham*, larva,
July 2, 1929 (A. R. Kidner). Fawkham (E. J. Hare).

6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens. Haust., 3: 238); (H. C. Huggins). Chatten-
den; Mark Oak Wood* (Chaney, 1884-87). Chattenden. May 16, 1919 (F. T.
Grant). Higham* (Porritt, Entomologist, 13: 163).

7. Near Rainham (Chaney, loc. cit.). Sittingbourne (H. C. Huggins).
Westwell (Scott, 1936). Broad Street, one. at light, April 30, 1955 (E.
Philp).

8. Folkestone*, at sallow bloom (Knaggs, 1870). Stowting; Brook; Wye*
(C. A. W. Duffield). Eiham (W. E. Busbridge). Dover, one. May 12, 1945;
April 15, 1949 (B. O. C. Gardiner). Ewell Minnis; Waldershare (E. & Y.,
1949). Folkestone Warren, one, April 22, 1939 (C.-H.); one, June 10, 1962
(C.-H., Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1982: 92). Poulton, 0, May 24,
1903; May 19, 1932 (Stockwell, Diary).

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15 /VIII /TO

10. Sevenoaks* (Hill, EnWmologist, 19; 185); (W. E, Busbridge). Brasted
Chart, May 3, 1913 (Gillett, Diary).

11. Tonbridge (Raynor, Entomologist, 6; 79). Wateringbury (E. Good-
win MS); (V.C.H., 1908). Edenbridge, 1934 (F. D. Greenwood). Ryarsh*, c.
1930 (J. Fremlin). Shipbourne, in P. A. and D. J. A. Buxton coll. (C.-H).
Aylesford, one, 1951, one, 1953 (G. A. N. Davis). Sevenoaks Weald, one.
May 5, 1959, four, May 7-16, 1960 (E. A. Sadler).

12. Ashford (Scott, 1936). Ham Street (Scott, 1936); one, April 15, 1949,
one, May 12, 1951 (C.-H.). Willesborough, one, May 12, 1951 (W. L. Rud-
land); one, 1960 (M. Singleton). West Ashford, two, 1960 (M. Enfield).

13. Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan). Iden Green, 1951 (H. Boxall).
Goudhurst, one, 1955 (W. V. D. Bolt). Ashour Wood, worn. May 6, 1964
(C.-H).

14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). Hawkhurst, 1951 (B. G. Chatfield).

16. Folkestone, one, May 6, 1945, two, 1954 (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — In RCK is an ab. of “chestnut tint”, “Folkestone /Bred

4.1881” (6).

First Record, 1831 ; Stephens, loc. cit.

Mesoleuca albicillata L.; Beautiful Carpet.

Native. Woods, copses; [on bramble, raspberry].

I. Near Woohvich (J[onesl, Ent. week, hit., 10: 187). Since noted in
man3r v/oods in this division. Recently from: Petts Wood, 2-3 annually,
1947-50 (E. Evans); 1950 (A. M. & F. A. Sw^ain). Joydens Wood; West
Wickham (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 93). Abbey Wood, 1950, 1952 (A.
J. Showier). Joydens Wood. (5, July 17, 1967 (D. O’Keeffe). Orpington,
three (R. G. Chatelain).

3. Den Grove, one 1936, one, 1938 (C.-H).

5. Farnborough* (W. Barnes m Wool. Surv., 1909). Westerham (R. C.
Edwards).

6. Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Gravesend; Clay Lane Wood; Birling (H.
C. Huggins). Upper Hailing (Hards & Gould. Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1956: 79). Trottiscliffe, 9, June, 10, 1968 (D. O’Keefe).

6a. Darenth Wood (see First P^ecord); August 1872 (Etheridge, Ento-
mologist, 6: 196); 1891 (Buckell, Ent. Rec., 2: 234); 1903 (A. R. Kidner);
on tree trunk, 1911; 1912; 1925 (F. T. Grant); fairly common (B. K. West);
(E. J. Hare). Chattenden (Chane3u 1884-87); (H. C. Huggins). Mark Oak
Wood* (Chaney, loc. cit.). Cobham, 1912 (F. T. Grant).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, loc. cit.). Westwell (Scott, 1936). Whitehill
(Scott, 1950). Boxley (A. H. Harbottle).

8. Raindean Wood (Salwey, Entomologist, 15: 197). Folkestone*
(Ullyett, 1880). Elham Park Wood, one, June 18, 1925, one, July 5, 1926,
two, July 16, 1927; Haddling Wood, one, JuW 16, 1932 (W. E. Busbridge,
Diary). Ewell Minnis; Little Mongham; Whitfield (E. & Y., 1949). Brook*;
Wye* (Scott, 1950).

10. Westerham (Gorhom, Ent. week. Int., 1: 28); one, c. 1957 (C.-
H.). Brasted (R. M. Prideaux). Dunton Green, one, 1908 (Kidner, Diary).
Solefields Wood, 1919 (Gillett, Diary). Sevenoaks, one in garden, July 5,
1941 (Busbridge, Diary). Knole Park, one, July 22, 1956 (A. A. Allen).

II. Harrietsham (Stephens, Entomologist, 1: 200). Wateringbury

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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{V.C.H., 1908); one, July 4, 1959 (C.-H.). Hoads Wood (Scott, 1936); c. 1952
(P. Cue teste E. Scott). Tonbridge (H, E. Hammond). Sevenoaks Weald,
one, July 7, 1959 (E. A. Sadler).

12. Ham Street (Scott, 1936); Orlestone Wood, one, July 28, 1955 (R.
F. Bretherton); two, 1960 (M. Singleton & D. Youngs). [Wye] larva“ feeds
on bramble and raspberry ... in the autumn” (Theobald, J. S. E. Agric.
Coll. Wye, 1904 (13); 130).

13. Millers Wood (Weir, Zoologist, 5208; idem, Ent. week. Int., 1 : 124).
Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan); one, 1958 (L. R. Tesch teste C. A. Stace);
1955 (C. A. Stace).

14. Tenterden, common (Stainton, Man., 2 : 99). Sandhurst (G. V. Bull).

16. Folkestone, one, 1951 (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — In RCK are the following named abs. : impuncta Lempke,
one, “Huggins/Gravesend CL/24/6/03”; lacticolor Lempke, four, “Bexley/
Bd. 4.7.1903”; rectangulata Cockayne, holotype o, Folkestone (Ent. Rec.,
65; 164, pit. 12. fig. 18); venata Cockayne, holotype o, Folkestone, bred
Blackall 1881 (Entomologist, 83; 52; Barrett, Lep. Br. Isles, S: pit. 339, fig.
la); also, an ab. “near vestata Dadd but single postmedian and outer
markings suffused”, one, “Brasted, Kent/B.6.vi.22”, one, “Kent/B.vi.22”
(both in R.M. Prideaux’s handwriting. — C.-H.).

I have three ab. lacticolor Lempke, from West Wickham, bred from
ova as a second generation in August in the hot summer of 1947, but a
number of others (from the same batch of ova) which remained in pupa
and emerged in April 1948 were typical (C.-H., Proc. S. Lond. ent. nai.
Hist. Soc., 1954-55 . 21).

First Record. 1797 ; Taken “in Kent particularly”. “Our specimen was
taken in June, 1797, in Darenth Wood” (Donovan, Nat. Hist. Br. Ins.,
6; 52).

Pelurga comitata L.; Dark Spinach.

Native. Waste places (particularly in towns), saltmarsh borders,
neglected gardens, bombed sites; on Chenopodium album.

1. Lee, July 25, 1861 (Fenn, Ent. week, Int., 10; 196). Since noted from
many parts of this division. Recent records are ; Sidcup, three, 1938-39
(A. R. Kidner, Diary). Petts Wood, several annually 1946-50, except 1949
(E. Evans); 1950, 1952, common (A. M. & F. A. Swain). Blackheath, not
uncommon in garden and at light (A. A. Allen). Orpington, 1948-49 (L.
W. Siggs); (R. G. Chatelain). Abbey Wood, 1951-52 (A. J. Showier). West
Wickham, (C.-H.); 1951 (E. J. Trundell). Bromley, in m.v. trap, 1959
(4), 1960 (5), 1961 (7), 1962 (6), 1963 (1), 1964 (7), 1965 (4), 1966 (1), with
earliest dates July 22, 1959 and 1961, and latest date September 9, 1962
(D. R. M. Long). Bexley, fairly common, 1966-68 (D. O’Keeffe).

2. Rochester* (Chaney, 1884-87). Chatham, larvae (Matthew, Entom-
ologist, 25; 292). Strood, larvae abundant (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 16; 294;
idem, Ent. Rec., 21; 33). Greenwich Marshes (West, Ent. Rec., 18; 199).
Plumstead Marshes (J. W. Tutt, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Gravesend; Sitting-
bourne; Faversham (H. C. Huggins). Hartford (B. K. West).

3. Herne Bay, August 4, 5, 1931, August 1, 1933, August 8, 1936 (A. J.
L. Bowes). Broad Oak; (C.-H.). Canterbury, larvae common on bombed
sites, c. 1945 (J. A. Parry).

4. Deal (Fenn, Ent. Rec., 2 ; 203); common, August 6, one, August 16.
1892 (Fenn, Diary). Sandwich, one, August 3, 1954 (W. D. Bowden). Ick-

entomologist’s record, VOL. £2

15/IX/70

<,52)

ham, 1954-59, common (D. G. Marsh). Worth, one at m.v.l., August 9, 1969
(T. W. Harman).

5. Farnborough* (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Westerham (R. C.
Edwards). Downe (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 89); July 24, 1957 (C.-H.).

6. Gravesend, common (F. T. Grant). Pinden, common (E. J. Hare).

8. Folkestone*, not scarce (Knaggs, 1870). Dover, rare (E. & Y., 1949);
common 1944, others since to 1952 (B. O. C. Gardiner).

9. Ramsgate, one, 1910, several 1937 (J. W. C. Hunt). Margate (H. C.
Huggins); singletons at light 1930, 1931, 1933 (H. G. Gomm.). North-
down, one, July 20, 1920 (B. Embry),

11. Aylesl'ord (G. A. N. Davis), Hoads Wood (P. Cue teste E, Scott).

12. Ashford (Scott, 1936); August 17, 1954 (P. Cue teste E. Scott). Chart-
ham (P. B. Wacher). Willesborough, five, August 11-31, 1954, one, August
15, 1956; Wye, one, September 4, 1954, August 19, 1956 (W. L. Rudland).
Willesborough, four, 1957-59 (M. Singleton). West Ashford, one, 1958 (M.
Enfield). Ham Street, August 15-20, 1960 (C. R. Haxby and J. Briggs).

13. Pembury, common (Stainton, Man., 2 : 116).

15. Dungeness, two in m.v. trap, August 6, 1962 (R. E. Scott). Lydd
Town, August 1965 (D. W. H. ffennell). Boulderwall, three, August 11-17,
1966 (R. E. Scott).

16. Folkestone Town (A. M. Morley).

Vari.^tion. — The following named abs. are in RCK : unicolor Lempke,
one, “Herne Bay/*0 14.7.06/L.B.Prout”; zonata Wahlgren, one, Bexley,
July 26, 1903, J. Greenwood; trans ad zonata Wahlgren, one, Bromley, 1929;
tangens Lempke, Lewisham, one bred, 1892, Bromley, one, 1905, Bexley,
one, 1903, one, 1902.

First Record, 1859 : Stainton, loc. cit.

Lamprcpteryx suffumata Denis & Schiffermuller: Water Carpet.

Native. Woods, bushy places, etc.; foodplant unknown.

Apparently very local and much scarcer nowadays than formerly.

1. Lee, May 4, 9, 10, 1860, common in lanes (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.);
April 25 (2), 29 (2), 30 (4). May 1 (1), 20 (1), 1861, April 23 (2), 28 (1), May
8 (1), 9 (1), 1862, April 24 (9), 27 (4), 1863 (Fenn, Diary). Bexley district (L.
W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Eltham (A. H. Jones, in Wool. Surv.,
1909). Abbey Wood, one at m.v.l., May 5, 1953f (A. J. Showier).

5. Sevenoaks*. 1886 (Hill, Entomologist, 19: 185). Downe, a few, 1906
(W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Chevening, May 23, 1914 (Gillett,
Diary).

7. Wigmore Wood; Chatham-Maidstone Road; not common. April 29 —
May 29 (Chaney, 1884-87). Woods between Chatham and Maidstone, May
27, 1899 (Tutt, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1899: 84). Maidstone
neighbourhood* (Green, Ent. Rec., 53: 118) Sharsted, two or three each
visit, 1925-26 (H. C. Huggins). Long Beech Wood, May 15, 1936 (Scott,
1936). Richards Wood, Westwell, several. May 1947, one, April 22, 1949
<E. Scott); which latter specimen I have (C.-H.).

8. Dover-Folkestone district. — (Ulyett, 1880); April 1881 (Eadle,
Entomologist, 14: 116); May 1890, taken by W. Purdey (South, Entom-
ologist, 24 : 171); April 9, 1894 (Hills, Entomologist, 27 : 199). Poulton
Wood, one. May 13, 1895; Green Lane, Dover, one. May 10, 1895; Coombe
Wood, one, May 17, 1896; Alkham Road, Dover, two, April 21, 1900; Whit-
field, one, April 20, 1901 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary; Stockwell, Entomologist,

LEPIDOFTERA OF KENT

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34: 26). Dover, two. April 21, 1910, in H. D. Stockwell coll. (C.-H.).
Betteshangar; Ewell Minnis (E. & Y., 1949). Folkestone Warren, at dusk.
May 18 (2), 24 (2), 1929 (Morley, 1931). Lyminge Forest, one on a tree
trunk. May 26, 1956 (P. Cue).

9. Margate, one in garden, 1930 (H. C. Huggins).

11. Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908).

13. Langton Green, most years, first seen 1913, locally common at dusk
(E. D. Morgan). Bayhall (Morgan, Lepidoptera of the Tunbridge Wells
District MS.). Tunbridge Wells, near the High Rocks, several, 1947 (B. K.
West).

16. Folkestone Town, (j' on fence in garden. May 3, 1958 (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — An aberration known as the “Dover form”, intermediate
between the type and ab. porrittii Robson & Gardner, was it seems fairly
frequent in the area between Folkestone and Dover during the latter
half of the 19th century. True porrittii also occurred there during this
period, but only very occasionally (cf. Entomologist, 19: 143, 24: 171, 25:
217, 42: 64-65; Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1891: 119; Young Nat.,
7: 120).

Fenn (Diary) writes that on August 5, 1890, he and J. W. Tutt visited
W. J. Austen at Folkestone, who showed them “beautiful varieties of
suffumata from the Warren”.

In RCK is a fine series of the “Dover form” from Kent, as well as a
number of Kentish porrittii as follows : Ab. porrittii Robs. & Gard., one,
“Purdey /Folkestone/ 1895”; one, “Purdey /Folkestone/ 1893”; one, “Dover”;
two, “Blackhall/Folkestone”; one, “W. Purdey /Dover/ 18 June 1894”; two,
“Purdey /Dover/ 1893”. “Dover form, heterozygotes”, twenty-four from
“Dover” and “Folkestone” with various dates between 1883 and 1914,
and including one, “Dover/ 16. iv. 1912”, one, “W. Purdney /Dover/ 18 June
1894”, and one, “Folkestone/May 1914”. Also in RCK are a number of
typical suffumata from the Dover-Folkestone area: “Blackhall/Folke-

stone” (3); “Folkestone/1923/ (Purdey coll.)” (2); “Dover” (4) “Dover/
South” (1).

First Record, 1861 : Fenn, Diary.

Cosmorhoe ocellata L.: Purple Bar.

Native. Woods, bushy places, hedgerows; on Galium mollugo. Fairly
frequent and found in all divisions. “Generally distributed” (V.C.H., 1908).

D. O’Keeffe found a larva on G. mollugo at Eynsford in August 1969,
from which he bred the moth.

Variation. — Kettlewell and Goodson (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1981 : 41) exhibited bred abs. as follows: “three extreme bandless forms,
more extreme than costimacula Cockayne, shown with one typical example
from the same brood. Ham Street, bred 27-28.vii.61 (A. L. Goodson)”.

In RCK is one transitional to ab. robiginata Dannehl, “Eynsford 1903/J.
Greenwood”.

First Record, 1831: Stephens, Haust., 3: 222.

Eulithis prunata L.: Phoenix.

Native. Mainly town gardens; foodplant unrecorded.

1. West Wickham, one, August 18, 1968, and two others same year (D.
S. Burrows).

3. Blean, one, August 2, 1906, in J. P. Barrett coll. (C.-H.). Canterbury*,

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one, August 1920, in F. A. Small coll. (C.-H.).

4. Deal Town*, one on a lamp, August 19, 1890; one at light, August 19.
1892, (Fenn, Diary). Deal*, often common (V.C.H., 1908). Worth, two.
July 21, 1967; two worn in m.v. trap, August 1968 (Harman, Ent. Rec., 80;
188, 81 : 82); several in 1969, mostly worn (T. W. Harman).

6. Greenhithe*, one in moth trap, 1898 (Farn MS.).

7. Faversham* (Morris, British Moths, 2 : 32). Westwell (Scott, 1964).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). “Folkestone/S. G. Hills”, one; “Folke-
stone/Bred 1885”, several (RCK). ‘‘A few specimens come to light
annually in Dover” (E. & Y., 1949). Dover, “once only in 1938” (Gardiner.
Ent. Gaz., 10 ; 10).

10. Brasted, in garden, not common (R. M. Prideaux). Sevenoaks, two,
bred July 1908, in F. A. Small coll. (C.-H.); August 25, 1919, July 31, 1920
(Gillett, Diary); several, 1906, bred Raynor (RCK).

12. “Common in Ashford” (Scott, 1936). Ashford, two or three annually,
about 1951-52, in garden and in lane adjoining the market gardens
and orchards (P. Cue). Ham Street (Scott, 1950). Willesborough, one in
garden, July 18, 1961 (M. Singleton).

13. Tunbridge Wells, 1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2: 230); common in
kitchen gardens (Knipe, 1916; Given, 1946); one from G. V. Bull coll, and
in E. D. Morgan’s writing labelled, “2329. Bred/ 1909-10/ Ova 9 Tun.
Wells” (C.-H. coll.).

16. Folkestone Town, one at street lamp, August 28, 1932 (A. M. Morley);
one taken August 23, 1949 (Morley, Trans. Folkestone nat. Hist. Soc.,
1949-50; 18).

Variation. — In RCK is ab. juncta Lempke, one, “Sevenoaks/ Br. ov.
7.7.05”.

First Record, 1862 ; Morris, Br. Moths, 2 ; 32.

E. testata L.: The Chevron.

Native. Marshes, carr. wet heaths and woodland; foodplant unrecorded.
“Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908); but would appear to be appreciably
less frequent now than formerly, and has certainly become extinct in much
of div. 1.

1. West Wickham (see First Record); August 10, 1861 (Fenn, Diary).
Lower Camden (Cockerell, Entomologist, 18; 20). Sydenham (Sellon, Ent.
Rec., 2 ; 164). Lee Swamp; Bexley; Eltham; Lewisham; Hither Green;
Farnborough (Wool. Surv., 1909). Bromley (W. A. Cope). Pauls Cray
Common (Wool. Surv., 1909); June 3, 1911 (2 larvae), August 2, 1913 (2),
August 30, 1936 (1) (Kidner, Diary). Chislehurst, six, August 1904, one,
August 25, 1906 (S. F. B. Blyth); one, August 31, 1912 (Kidner, Diary). Sid-
cup, one, August 29, 1915 (Kidner, Diary). Beckenham, one, August 4,
1926; Petts Wood, one, August 18, 1946 (A. M. and F. A. Swain). Bromley,
one, August 24, 1959 (D. R. M. Long).

2. Luddenham (H. C. Huggins).

3. Bysing Wood (H. C. Huggins).

4. Deal (E. & Y., 1949). Ham Fen, six at light, August 6, 1950 (C.-H.).
Worth, one, August 10, 1969 (T. W. Harman).

5. Chevening, August 17, 1913 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R. C.
Edwards).

6a. Chattenden (Chaney, 1884-87); (H. C. Huggins).

8. Warren (Knaggs, 1870); common (Morley, 1931). Coombe Wood.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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Dover, one, July 29, 1899 (Stockwell, Diary). Whitfield (E. & Y., 1949).
Wye, one, September 9, 1937 (A. H. Lanfear).

9. Sevenscore, one, September 3, 1926 (J. W. C. Elunt).

10. Brasted Chart, August 16, 1913 (Gillett, Diary); (R. M. Prideaux).
Westerham, larva. May 8, 1937 (Coote and Jacobs, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1937-38: 37).

11. Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908); (E. Goodwin MS.). Edenbridge, 1929
(F. D. Greenwood).

12. Ashford district, “common and widely distributed” (Scott, 1936).
Ham Street, August 24, 1939 (A. J. L. Bowes); frequent in Orlestone Woods
(C.-H.). Ham Street (de Worms, Entomologist, 88: 94). Ashford (P. Cue
per E. Scott).

13. Tunbridge Wells (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2 : 229); one, 1957 (L. R. Tesch
per C. A. Stace). Goudhurst, common (W. V. D. Bolt, pers. comm., 1961).

14. Benenden, at light and bred; Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). Hawkhurst,
one, 1953 (B. G. Chatfield).

15. Dungeness (Morley, 1931); very common, August 12, 1938, and since
(C.-H.); common, September 1967 (D. O’Keeffe).

16. Folkestone Town, (S at m.v.L, September 15, 1958 (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — The following named abs. are in RCK : hedgesaria

Cockayne, holotype (S , Ham Street (cf. Cockayne, Ent. Rec., 66: 186, for
details of breeding); achatinata Hiibn., Ham Street, one, 1939, Sevenoaks,
one, 1914.

First Record, 1860 : West Wickham, common, August 1859 (Allchin,
Ent. week. Int., 8: 5).

[E. populata L.; Northern Spinach.

Doubtfully Kentish. None of the records is confirmed, and I have
little doubt they were based upon misidentification.

3. Faversham* (Morris, Moths, 2 : 33).

10. Sevenoaks, June 24, 1920 (Gillett, Diary).

13. Pembury; Tenterden, common (Stainton, 1859). Tunbridge Wells.
1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2 : 229).]

E. mellinata F.: The Spinach.

Resident, perhaps native. Gardens; on currant. Recorded from all
divisions, except 2, 6a; once only from 4. “Generally common in gardens”
(V.C.H., 1908). H. E. Hammond records finding ten larvae at Tonbridge
on currant.

4. Worth, July 22, 1967 (T. W. Harman).

First Record, 1859: Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2: 115).

E. pyraliata Denis & Schiffermuller: Barred Straw.

Native. Hedgerows, bushy places, etc.; on “white-thorn”. Found in
all divisions. “Generally distributed; formerly abundant” (V.C.H., 1908).

Variation. — The following named aberrations are in RCK: aurantior
Lempke, one, “Sevenoaks/Kent/3.vi.l916”; fasciata Loberb., one, “West-
well/ July 15, 1934/Ai J, L. Bowes”, one, “Sevenoaks, vii.1912”; medio-
fasciata Lempke, one, “Brasted Chart/ 16.vii.l913”. Also in RCK, an ab.
having the “antemedian and postmedian meeting on inner margin”, one,
Darenth, 1897, L. B. Prout. ..

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First Record, 1720 : The larva “was found feeding on white-thorn
near Eltham in Kent” (Albin, Nat. Hist. Eng. Ins., PL 45, Fig. 75). Werne-
burgh {Beitrage z. Schm., 91) testifies to this being ”Geom. Pyraliata L.”

Ecliptopera silaceata Denis & Schiffermuller; Small Phoenix.

Native. Woods; on Chamaenerion angustifolium, Epilobium montanum.

I. West Wickham, 1859 (Barrett, Ent. week. Int., 7 : 75); larvae on C.
angustifolium, reared (Machin, Ent. week. Int., 8: 21). Since noted in
many parts of this division. Recent records: Farningham Wood, larva,
October 2, 1936, larva, September 11, 1937 (A. R. Kidner). Petts Wood,
several, 1947-49 (E. Evans); 1950 (A. M. & F. A. Swain). Well Wood,
West Wickham, frequent 1948, and in later years (C.-H.). West Wickham
<E. J. Trundell). Bexley, one at m.v.l.. May 3, 1952 (A. Heselden). Joy-
dens Wood (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 77). Orpington. 1954 (L. W.
Siggs); one, 1957 (R. G. Chatelain). Charlton Sandpit, one. May 25, 1946;
Shooters Hill, one in Oxleas Wood, May 14, 1948, one in Castle Wood, May
14, 1948 (J. F. Burton). Bromley, in m.v. trap, 1959 (6), 1960 (31), 1961
(9), 1962 (23), 1963 (38), 1964 (100), 1965 (41), 1966 (31); earliest date May
8. 1960, latest date September 10, 1962, with maximum numbers (8), on May
24 and August 3, 1964 (D. R. M. Long). Dartford, several larvae on E.
montanum, September 1969 (B. K. West).

3. Bysing Wood (H. C. Huggins). Trenley Park, two, 1931 (C.-H.). Pine
Wood, a few; Canterbury, occasionally, c. 1946 (J. A. Parry). Eddington,

at m.v.l.. May 20, 1953 (D. G. Marsh).

4. Ickham, fairly common, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh).

5. Farnborough*, one, 1887 (Hope Alderson, in Wool. Surv., 1909).
Chevening, June 12, 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R. C. Edwards).
Downe (de Worms, loc. cit.). High Elms; Shoreham (R. G. Chatelain).

6. Meopham, May 5, 1923 (F. T. Grant).

6a. Cobham (Pye, Rochester Nat., 1896: 51); May 21, 1912 (F. T. Grant).
Darenth Wood (H. C. Huggins); July 30, 1925 (F. T. Grant); (E. J. Hare);
fairly common (B. K. West); common, May 25, 1952 (J. F. Burton). Swans-
combe (H. C. Huggins).

7. Cutlers Wood, 9 . May 31, one, June 2, 1915 (H. G. Gomm, Diary).
Westwell; Long Beech Wood (Scott, 1936). Kings Wood (Scott, 1950).
Boxley (A. H. Harbottle).

8. Near Dover (see First Record). Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Brook*
(C. A. W. Duffield). Dover (B.O.C. Gardiner). Whitfield; Barham; Bette-
shanger; Ewell Minnis; Little Mongham (E. & Y., 1949). Waltham, one,
1951 (J. W. C. Hunt). Woolwich Wood, one. May 23, 1926 (W. E. Bus-
bridge, Diary). Chilham, June 10, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). Betteshanger,
July 6, 1957 (R. F. Bretherton).

10. Seal (Carrington, Entomologist, 13: 76); 1937 (Coote, Proc. S. Lond.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1937-38: 45); 1948 (Howarth, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1948-49: 71). Brasted (R. M. Prideaux). Sevenoaks (Gillett,
Entomologist, 53: 23); 1940, 1946 (F. D. Greenwood); one, ab. insulata Haw.,
May 14, 1947 (Busbridge, Diary). Westerham (Jacobs, Proc. S. Lond. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1931-32: 75).

II. Tonbridge (Raynor, Entomologist, 6 : 79). Wateringbury; Yalding
iV.C.H., 1908). Shipbourne, five, 1910 (P. A. & D. J. A. Buxton coll.).
Edenbridge, 1934 (F. D. Greenwood). Sevenoaks Weald, May 10, 17,
August 7, 21, 1959, altogether four; twelve. May 12-August 30, 1960 (E. A.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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Sadler). Bethersden, August 14, 20, 1960 (C. R. Haxby & J. Briggs).

12. Little Chart, (Scott, 1936), Orlestone Woods, September 4, 1954 (W.
L. Rudland); June 2-4, 1950, June 1-2, 1956, July 27, 1956 (R. F. Brether-
ton); June 10, 1960 (R. G. Chatelain); August 15-20, 1960 (C. R. Haxby &
J. Briggs). Ashford (P. Cue teste E. Scott). Wye, eleven, August 1953-56;
Willesborough, five, August 1954-56 (W. L. Rudland). Potters Corner,
common; Willesborough, one, 1959 (M. Singleton).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2: 114); (V. M. Sage). Tunbridge Wells
(E. D. Morgan); occasionally, 1956-59 (L. R. Tesch per C. A. Stace). Goud-
hurst, common (W. V. D. Bolt, pers. comm., 1961).

14. Benenden; Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). Hawkhurst, two on buddleia
blossom, 1950, one at light, 1951, several, 1952-53 (B. G. Chatfield).

16. Folkestone Town, two (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — Ab. insularia Haw. in which the median is interrupted by
two white lines, is of very frequent occurrence in Kent, especially among
first generation specimens.

In RCK is an example of a very pretty ab. with “variegated pattern
on ochreous ground”, labelled “L. W. Newman/ *Bexley/v.l918”.

First Record, 1831 : “Near Dover ... I captured many specimens,
varying considerably from each other, in August, 1819” (Stephens, Haust.,
3; 226).

Chloroclysta siterata Hufnagel; Red-green Carpet.

Native. Bushy places; on bramble. Mainly Wealden, where it is
seemingly local and scarce.

1. Near Chislehurst (see First Record). Bickley, one taken by B. A.
Bower, on a fence near Grove Park Station (W. A. Cope). Bexley district
(L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909).

2. Greenhithe*, in moth trap, 1893, 1904 (Farn MS.).

10. Brasted, occasionally (R. M. Prideaux).

11. Edenbridge, 1930 (F. D. Greenwood).

12. Ashford, one, September 1951; Hoads Wood, onet taken at car lights,
September 30, 1952 (P. Cue). Wye, one, on the Brook road, September 23,
1934, October 1, 1937 (A. J. L. Bowes). Ham Street, (^ , October 1, 1968
(D. O’Keeffe).

13. Tunbridge Wells, a few at sugar, 1909 and 1915, at Eridge Road
and Broadwater Down (E. D. Morgan). Cranbrook*, onet, October 8,
1955 (D. Streeter).

14. Sandhurst, single specimens: October 27, 1928, at sugar; October 17,
1930, at light; October 8, 22, 1934, at light; October 23, 1937, at light;
October 15, 1946, at ivy; October 17, 1947 (G. V. Bull).

16. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Folkestone Town, one in m.v. trap,
September 12, 1955 (A. M. Morley).

First Record, 1720: The larva “was taken on the Bramble or Black-
berry bush near Chisselhurst in Kent” (Albin, Nat. Hist. Ins., facing pit.
50, fig. 86).

C. miata L.: Autumn Green Carpet.

Native. Bushy places; foodplant unknown. Apparently extinct in 1.
Obs. — The moth chiefly occurs in the autumn as the vernacular sug-
gests, but is only very occasionally seen in the spring after hibernation.

1. Lee, two, September 18-October 8, 1863 (Fenn, Diary). Charlton

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and Lewisham, formerly (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909), may refer to the
preceding. Bexley district (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). West
Wickham (V.C.H., 1908). Eltham, “at lamps, rather common” (A. H. Jones,
in Buckell and Prout, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 73).

2. Near Sheerness, 1871, not rare at ivy bloom (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag,,
8: 184).

3. Canterbury, in the city; Littlebourne (J. A. Parry). Herne Bay
(D. G. Marsh). Broad Oak, two, October 14, 1938, one, October 10, 1944
(C.-H.). Eddington, 9 at light, September 24, 1949, two cf c5' at light,
October 1, 1949 (D. G. Marsh).

4. Ickham, numerous, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh).

5. Farnborough* (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909).

6. Greenhithe* (Farm MS,). Gravesend, at street lamps (H. C. Huggins).
6a. Near Hartford* (see First Record). Chattenden (V.C.H., 1908).

7. Darland Hill, not common (Chaney, 1884-87).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Deal, two, September 24-October 4, 1884
(Fenn, Diary). Dover, one at ivy blossom, October 9, 1895, one, October 7,
1897, one, October 31, 1904 (Stockwell, Diary); one, 1896, one, 1905 (Stock-
well coll.); one in 1935 or 1936 (B. O. C, Gardiner); scarce (E. & Y., 1949).
Dover Cliffs, October 19, 1934 (J. H. B. Lowe). Stowting (C. A. W. Duf-
field). Wingmore (E. & Y., 1949). Elham, one at sallow bloom, April 14,
1934 (Busbridge, Diary). Bridge, c. 1946 (R. Gorer).

9. Ramsgate neighbourhood*, c. 1888 (Willson, Entomologist, 23 : 140).
Minster, one, October 13, 1915 (Gomm, Diary). Westgate, one, October 10.
1944 (C.-H.).

10. Brasted (R. M. Prideaux). Sevenoaks, October 26, 1920 (Gillett.
Diary).

11. Yalding iV.C.H., 1908). Wateringbury (W. A. Cope); (V.C.H., 1908);
(E. Goodwin coll.). Edenbridge, 1930, 1931, 1933 (F. D. Greenwood).
Shipborne, one, 1911, one, 1912, one, 1913 (P. A. & D. J. A. Buxton coll.).
Aylesford, one, 1954, one, September 9, 1955; East Mailing, one, October
7, 1957 (G. A. N. Davis). Maidstone, one, 1886, one, 1896 (H. Lamb, in
Maidstone Mus.). Near Nackholt Brick pits, very common (E. Scott).
Hoads Wood (P. Cue).

12. Brook (C. A. Duffield). Chartham, numierous (P. B. Wacher).
Ashford, c. 1953 (P. Cue). Willesborough, five, October 6-21, 1953, five
September 27-October 19. 1955, ten, October 8-22, one $ , May 18, 1956
(W. L. Rudland). Wye, four, October 6-17, 1953, one, March 20, 1954, six,
September 13-October 10, 1955 (W. L. Rudland). W. Ashford, several,
1959 (M. Endfield). Willesborough, one, 1959, one 1960 (M. Singleton).
Ham Street, one, October 6, 1959 (R. G. Chatelain); two, October 1, 1968,
by D. O’Keeffe and B. F. Skinner (Chatelain et. al, Ent. Rec., 81 : 113).

13. Tunbridge Wells, 1894 (Beeching, Entomologist, 27 : 351). Goud-
hurst, common (W. V. D. Bolt, pers comm., 1961).

14. Tenterden, abundant (Stainton, Man., 2: 112). Hawkhurst, one,

1927 (G. V. Bull); one, 1952 (B. G. Chatfield). Sandhurst, one 1926, three,
1928, two, 1931-32, two, 1934-35, one, 1938, one 1946. one, 1954 (G. V. Bull);
one, April 2, 1953 (Bull, Ent. Rec., 65 : 144). Newenden, two, 1926 (G. V.
Bull). Tenterden, 1960 (C. G. Orpin).

15. Dungeness, one, October 12, 1959 (R. G. Chatelain).

16. Folkestone (A. M. Morley).

First Record, 1810: “Hartford Green Carpet • * - met with chiefly in

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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the woods adjacent to the town of Dartford” (Donovan, Nat. Hist. Brit,.
Ins., 14 : 35).

C. citrata L. = immanata Haworth; Dark Marbled Carpet.

Native. Woods, heaths; foodplant unknown. “Generally distributed"
(V.C.H., 1908); but the records do not support this assessment, indeed,
the species is evidently local, and compared to C. truncata Hufnagel,
relatively scarce in Kent. (C.-H).

Note : I strongly suspect that some of the following records refer to
C. truncata Hufnagel, particularly the early summer occurrences.

I. Between Brown’s Woods and Blackfen, one, June 24, 1885; Dartford
Heath, one, August 8, 1891 (Fenn, Diary). Shooters Hill; Bostall Heath;
Paul’s Cray Common; Foots Cray; Eltham (Wool. Surv., 1909). West Wick-
ham (S. Wakely). Orpington, two, 1957 (R. G. Chatelain).

6. Greenhithe (Farn MS.).

7. Wigmore Wood, not common, July; ab. marmorata Haw., August
(Chaney, 1884-87). Long Beech Wood, . July 29, 1939, gen. det. D. S.
Fletcher (C.-H.). Westwell (Scott, 1950).

8. Folkestone Warren, July (Knaggs, 1870). Folkestone,
several taken freshly emerged, second week of July (Dobree Fox, Ent.
Rec., 1: 227). Reinden Wood, July 1882 (Salwey, Entomologist, 15: 197);
(Sequeira, Trans. Cy Lond. net. nat. Hist. Soc., 1897: 15). Coombe Wood,
one, July 9, 1896, one, July 21, 1897 (Stockwell, Diary). Dover (Webb,
1899); “common and widespread’’ (E. & Y., 1949). Brook* (C. A. W. Duf-
field). Wye* (Scott, 1950).

9. Margate, August 21, 1920 (Gomm, Diary).

10. Near Westerham, ab. marmorata Haw. (Haworth, Lep. Brit., 2 :
324). Brasted (Carr, Entomologist, 34: 103).

II. Wateringbury, September 1904 (E. Goodwin coll.); (W. A. Cope).
Edenbridge, 1930 (F. D. Greenwood). Hoads Wood, three, c. 1953 (P. Cue).
Sevenoaks Weald, one, June 30, 1960 (E. A. Sadler).

12. Little Chart (Scott, 1964). Wye, one, June 3, one, July 8, 1953, four,
June 16-July 10, 1955 (W. L. Rudland).

13. Tunbridge Wells, common, 1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2: 229); (E. D.
Morgan).

14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull).

16. Sandling Park (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — Jones (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1914-15: 135>
exhibited “a dusky form’’, from Eltham; and Webb (1899) noted that at
Dover, the specimens were “indistinguishable from Rannoch examples’’.
Ab. marmorata Haw. is recorded from Wigmore Wood and near Wester-
ham (vide supra).

First Record, 1809 : “Phalaena immanata Haw . • • Habitat rarius in
Cantio” (Haworth, Lep. Brit., 2 : 323).

C. truncata Hufnagel: Common Marbled Carpet,

Native. Woods, gardens, bushy places, etc.; on rase, strawberry,
bramble, dock. Found in all divisions. “Generally common’’ (V.C.H..
1908).

Massee (Rpt. E. Mailing Res. Stn., 1938: 182) states that the larva
“occurs commonly on strawberry in the Maidstone district”; D. R. M.
Long records finding it on bramble in the Bromley district; and I have

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entomologist’s record, VOL. 83

15/1/71

repeatedly taken it on cultivated rose in my garden at West Wickham,
and once on dock in Spring Park, and in each case reared the imagines
'C.-H).

Variation. — As far back as 1809, Haworth noted a tendency to
melanism in this species (see First Record); in 1831, Stephens (Haust., 3:
232) recorded perfuscata Haw. from both Darenth Wood and Birch Wood;
and in 1899, Barnett (Proc. S. Land. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1899: 106) exhi-
bited a “dark form” from West Wickham.

Nowadays, dark forms predominate in north-west Kent, and I have
specimens from West Wickham that appear referable to ab. perfuscata
Haw. and nigerrima Fuchs. In the east of the County, however, typical
truncata appears generally speaking to be still about the most numerous
form, but what I judge to be referable to abs. russata Hiibner and rufes-
cens Strom also occur there fairly frequently, though I have so far only
seen rufescens in the second generation (is it restricted to this I wonder?)
(C.-H).

Webb (1899) observed that at Dover, specimens were “indistinguish-
able from Rannoch examples”.

A somatic mosaic — right side rufescens, left side typical — which I bred
from Broad Oak in 1946, is perhaps unique (C.-H.).

First Record, 1809: f. perfuscata Haw.: “Habitat in Cantio rarissime
Sylvaticus. Exemplaria tria solum vidi” (Haworth, Lep. Brit., 2 : 325).

Cidaria fulvata Forster: Barred Yellow.

Native. Woods, bushy places, gardens, scrub; [on rose]. Recorded from
all divisions, except 2 (probably present). “Generally common” (V.C.H.,
1908).

The moth flies naturally at dusk, and is sometimes noted at light. Very
rarely, however, it comes to sugar : one such example, Atchester Wood
<div. 8), July 10, 1931 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary).

Kidner (Diary) records a larva on the downs at Eynsford, June 11, 1932;
and G. V, Bull states he bred the moth [from rose] at Sandhurst.

First Record, 1861 : Lewisham (Fenn, Diary, 28.vi.1861).

Plemyria rubiginata Denis & Schiffermuller; Blue-bordered Carpet.

Resident, perhaps native. Gardens, orchards; [on apple, plum, alder].
Found in all divisions; few records for 15.

The species seems chiefly to occur in Kent in orchards and gardens,
especially those containing old apple trees, upon which the larva un-
doubtedly feeds, although as yet there has been no record of its discovery
to my knowledge. The larva is also suspected of feeding on alder, since
C. Fenn (in Wool. Surv., 1909) noted the moth as “common among alders”
in the Eltham district; and upon plum in north-west Kent, where, accord-
ing to Tutt (in Wool. Surv., 1909), the moth was “generally distributed in
plum orchards”.

15. Dymchurch, two, 1952 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 65: 43), Greatstone, one
at m.v.l., July 23, 1963 (C.-H.).

Variation. — In RCK is ab. parvula Retzius, one, Chattenden, 1905.

First Record, 1835 : Kent (Wood, Index Entomologicus, 98).

Thera firmata Hiibner: Pine Carpet.

Resident, perhaps native. Woods, plantations; [on pine].

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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I. Dartford Heath (Douglas, Zoologist, 3284); c. 1862 (Jenner, Week. Ent.,
2 : 197); one, September 5, 1874, one, October 16, 1886, two, September 19,
1891 (Fenn, Diary). West Wickham, one, August 10, one, August 24, 1861
(Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 10: 196). Chislehurst, one, August 4, 1866 (Fenn,
Diary).

6a. Darenth (Carrington, Entomologist, 12: 213).

7. Darland; Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). Sharsted (H. C. Huggins).
Boxley, 1953 (A. H. Harbottle).

8. Whitfield, onef on ivy, October 1, 1901 (Stockwell, Diary et coll.).
West Studdal (E. & Y., 1949).

10. Seal Chart (Carrington, Entomologist, 13: 79); July 5, 1885 (Fenn,
Diary); larvae. May 27, 1905 (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1905-08). Westerham^ September 1909 (Sperring, Ent. Rec., 22: 14); (E. J.
Hare). Brasted (R. M. Prideaux).

II. Mailing, one, 1904 (E. Goodwin coll.).

12. “Ashford L. B. Prout coll.”, one so-labelled in RCK (C.-H). Long
Rope, Orlestone, one, July 31, 1946 (C.-H.). Wye, one, July 12, two,
September 27, 1955, one. June 22, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Hothfield one,
September 10, 1961 (P. Cue).

13. Pembury, common (Stainton, Man., 2: 96). Tunbridge Wells; Broad-
water Down (Morgan, Lepidoptera Tunbridge Wells District, MS.).

14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull).

First Record, 1851 : Douglas, loc. cit.

T. obeliscata Hiibner: Grey Pine Carpet.

Resident, perhaps native. Woods, plantations; on Pinus sylvestris.
Frequent and recorded from all division except 9; relatively scarce in 4,

15. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908).

The moth seems to be in two well defined broods; the first in May and
June, the second in September and October. Occasionally seen in April, as
in 1961, when D. R. M. Long noted one at light at Bromley on April 28. The
latter observer’s carefully recorded counts of this species at his m.v. trap
at Bromley over the past few years afford some indication of the frequency
of this moth in north-west Kent: 1960 (42), 1961 (72), 1962 (167), 1963 (196),
1964 (123), 1965 (100), 1966 (147), with maximum daily total (57) on Septem-
ber 22, 1963.

4. Sandwich, one at light, September 18, 1954 (W. D. Bowden). Ickham,
fairly numerous, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh).

15. Between Hythe and Dymchurch, one, October 10, 1952 (A. M.
Morley).

Variation. — The moth is very variable, with nowadays a high degree
of melanism, especially in the western half of the county and becoming
particularly marked in the metropolitan area. The earliest reference that
I can trace to melanism in this species in Kent, is that of Butterfield (Ent.
Rec., 9 : 330), who states that about the middle of February (1897), he found
a larva descending a Scotch fir in Bostall Wood (div. 1), the imago of which
emerged with the ordinary spring brood, “but was nearly black, darker
than any Scotch specimen that I have seen”.

In RCK are the following named aberrations : herrichi Hofer, one,
“Westerham | *25.6.97”, one, “Dartford Heath | Ex Earn coll. | No. 40135”
“W. Rait-Smith | Bequest”; mediolucens Roessler, one “Westerham”;
medionigricans Reutti, ‘Westerham [ *1.12.6. 00 I L. B. Prout”, one.

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entomologist’s record, VOL. 83

15/1/71

“Westwell I 2.vi.09 | L. B. Prout”, one, “Sevenoaks ] 27.ix.1912”, one,
“Sevenoaks 23. ix. 1914”; brunneoalbata Heydemann, one, “Folkestone.
Kent I Sept. 1922 No. ... | W. Rait-Smith”; nigrescens Lempke, one, “Keston
Common j *v.25”, one, “Lewisham | 8.vi.l915 | R. Adkin, one, “Seven-
oaks I 16. ix. 1914”; obliterata B. White, one, Keston Common, bred 1925;
pseudovariata Heydemann, one, Bickley, 1926, one, Westwell, 1906, one,
Sevenoaks, 1913; obsoleta Lempke, one, Sevenoaks, 1914, one. West Wick-
ham, 1896, one, Westerham, bred 1900; approximata Lempke, West Wick-
ham Wood, one, 1869; interrupta Lempke, one, Sevenoaks, 1905. Also, an
ab. with “band not contrasting”, one, Sevenoaks, 1905.

For references to other records of Kentish aberrations of this species
cf. Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1915-16; 138, 1924-25; 128.

First Record, 1809 ; At a meeting of the old Entomological Society of
London on January 3, 1809, J. Hatchett read the following note :
"‘Phalaena variata .... I caught this by the side of a wood in Kent, in
July last. As a British specimen it is presumed to be unique” (Hatchett.
Trans, ent. soc. Lond. (1809), 1 ; 245).

T. variata Denis & Schiffermuller ssp. britannica H. J. Turner; Spruce
Carpet.

Resident, perhaps native. Plantations; [on spruce]. Seems local and
scarce, but may become increasingly numerous and widespread owing to
extensive spruce planting.

This was for many years confused with T. obeliscata Hiibn. until
separated in 1912 (cf. Prout, Entomologist, 45: 241-246). I have treated
all the older records as being referable to T. obeliscata, including' here
only those that have appeared since Prout’s paper.

[1. Eltham, “Thera variata, a modified var. obliterata”, exhibited by
A. H. Jones (Jones, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1914-15; 135). Note:
Ab. obliterata B. White is an ab. of T. obeliscata Hiibn., so that if this was
a true example of variata D. & S., the form exhibited was probably transi-
tional to ab. obscura Hofer which is similar in appearance (C.-H.)]

8. Betteshanger, found “amongst the spruce at Betteshanger but is not
plentiful” (E. & Y., 1949). West Wood, 1949, in numbers (Morley, Proc.
S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1949-50: 39; idem, Trans. Folkestone nat. Hist.
Soc., 1949-50: 18); (J, June 29, 1957 (A. M. Morley).

[10. Westerham, July 5, 1913 (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat Hist. Soc..
1913-14: 117).]

11. Aylesford, 9, 1954f, gen. det. D. S. Fletcher (Davis, Proc. S. Lond.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1958: 25).

12. Ham Street, “scarce and local” (Scott, 1936). Wye, June 17, 1954.
October 14, 1956; Willesborough, September 25, 1956 (W. L. Rudland per
Scott, 1964).

16. Near Hythe, one taken 1928 (Morley, 1931). Folkestone, one.
October 30, 1951 (Morley, Ent. Rec., 44; 171); 9. September 27, 1957 (A.
M. Morley).

Variation. — Turner (Ent. Rec., 37 : 25) named the English ssp.
britannica, which is of a soft delicate grey colour, less brown-grey than
the continental type, and with less contrast between the bands and the
ground-colour, the white edging of the bands generally slender and in-
conspicuous; subterminal line oftener narrow or weak. Hindwing very
weakly marked.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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First (Confirmed) Record, 1956: Davis, loc. cit.

T. juniperata L.: Juniper Carpet.

Native. Woods, gardens; [on Juniper]. “Common on the chalk”
(V.C.H., 1908). Seems to be rare nowadays.

I. “I have seen but two specimens of this insect, both of which
occurred amongst juniper-bushes which abound in one part of Birch-
wood” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 273). Wilmington, bred October 13-16, 1904,
and exhibited (Shaw, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1904: 20).
[Bickley, one taken, September 25, 1912 (Rait-Smith, Ent. Rec., 25: 178);
wants confirmation (C.-H.)] [(The record for Bexley (Entomologist, 31 :
296), is erroneous (cf. Entomologist, 33: 49).)]

7. Formerly common on several juniper bushes in Wigmore Wood
(Chaney, 1884-87).

8. Dover (V.C.H., 1908). Wye, bred 1912 (Heath, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent.
nat. Hist. Soc., 1912-13: 30).

II. Wateringbury* (V.C.H., 1908).

13. Tunbridge Wells district (Knipe, 1916); “local” (Morgan, Lepidop-
tera of Tunbridge Wells MS.), is probably based on the latter record.

16. Folkestone Town, at m.v.l., $, October 22, 1964; October 15 ((S,
al. exp. 30 mm., at m.v.l.), 22 (large c^) 1965; all three specimens in garden
(A. M. Morley).

Variaton. — “Those taken on the coast of Kent are rather tinged with
brown, and the black streak which runs into the apex of their forewings
is continued unbroken from the first line” (1902, Barrett, Lep. Br. Isles,
8: 361).

Those cf (f taken by A. M. Morley in his garden at Folkestone are
remarkable for their large size.

First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit.

Eleetrophaes corylata Thunberg: Broken-barred Carpet.

Native. Woods; on birch, hawthorn, oak. Frequent in 3, 6a, 7, 8, 10-
14. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908).

Obs. — Of the larva, H. E. Hammond records “odd ones” on hawthorn
and oak at Tonbridge.

1. Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 227). West Wickham, larvae on
birch, April 8, 1861 (Huckett, Ent. week. Int., 10: 51); three, June 6, 1861
(Fenn, Diary); one bred, 1923 (A. M. & F. A. Swain coll.); two, 1926, three,
June 9, 1929, one, 1930 (S. Wakely); (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1958: 79).
Shooters Hill Wood, one, 1861; Lee, three, 1861, two, 1862; Pauls Cray
Common, one, 1888, one, 1890; Bexley Park Wood, several, 1887-89, 1890,
1893 (Fenn, Diary). Lewisham; Eltham; Farnborough; Dartford (Wool.
Surv., 1909). Bexley, 1899 (Carr, Entomologist, 33: 47). Beckenham, 1920
(de Worms, loc. cit.). Farningham Wood, two larvae, September 14, 1926
(Kidner, Diary). Petts Wood, one, June 1, 1946 (A. M. & F. A. Swain).
Joydens Wood (B. K. West); one, c. 1967 (D. O’Keeffe).

4. Ickham, very few, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh).

5. Downe (R. F. Birchenough, in de Worms, loc. cit.). Westerham
(R. C. Edwards).

6. Longfield (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (53): ii). Eynsford, a larva near
the downs, September 7, 1930 (Kidner, Diary).

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entomologist's record

15/2/71-15/3/71

16. Folkestone, one, 1955, taken by R. W. Fawthrop (A. M. Morley).
Variation. — I find that approximately 50% of Kentish specimens have
the band broken (C.-H.). The following named forms are in RCK: —
ab. hrunnescens Ljungdahl, one, Chattenden, June 8, 1898, one, Chisle-
hurst, 1892; ? ab. dissecta Kolossow, one, Greenhithe, ex Farn coll.

First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit.

Colostygia olivata Denis & Schiffermuller: Beech-green Carpet.

Native. Woods; foodplant unknown. Local on the chalk, to which
it is mainly if not entirely restricted. Strangely absent, however, from
much of the extensive chalk-lands of div. 8.

I. Shooters Hill Wood, two, July 30, 1862 (Fenn, Diary). West Wood;
West Wickham (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 198). Bexley district, rare (L. W.
Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Eltham (A. H. Jones, in Wool. Surv.,
1909).

5. Green Street Green, one, 1892, in Hope Alderson coll. (C.-H.).
Chelsfied, numerous, August 5, 1901, in J. Platt Barrett coll. (C.-H.).
Chevening, five, August 1-6 1913 (Gillett, Diary).

6. Longfield, 1867 (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (54) : ii). Greenhithe, in
moth trap; near Greenhithe, common (A. B. Farn MS.). Shoreham*,
one, 1888, in Hope Alderson coll. (C.-H.); 1898 (Carr, Entomologist, 32 :
40). Birling, 1910, 1912-14 (F. T. Grant); one, 1955 (H. C. Huggins). Cux-
ton, “I once found it flying abundantly at dusk by a hedgeside” (1896,
Tutt, Br. Moths, 269); July 3, 1897 (James, Entomologist, 31; 60). Wrotham,
one, 1906, E. Goodwin, in Maidstone Mus. (C.-H.).

6a. “I have met with several examples at Darenth-wood” (Stephens,
Haust., 3: 219). Darenth Wood (Courtney, Entomologist), 1: 227); very
common, 1861 (Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 10: 196) (“Near Hartford” (Fenn, in
Wool. Surv., 1909), probably refers). Between Chattenden and Strood*,
several, July 26, 1862 (Fenn, Diary).

7. Darland Hill; Wigmore Wood; common in woods (Chaney, 1884-87).
Boxley, August 22, 1913 (F. T. Grant). Hollingbourne, one, August 21,
1921 (H. C. Huggins). Westwell (Scott, 1936); one, August 17, 1939 (A.
J. L. Bowes); common (Scott, 1950); two, August 8-9, 1955, at lights (C.-H.).

8. Brook (Scott, 1936). Wye (C. A. W. Duffield).

II. Wateringbury (Goodwin MS.); (V.C.H., 1908). Edenbridge, 1930-
33, not uncommon (F. D. Greenwood).

First Record, 1809 : “Imago Betuletis in Cantio, f. Aug. at valde in-
frequens” (Haworth, Lep. Britannica, 2 : 304).

C. multistrigaria Haworth: Mottled Grey.

Native. Heaths, chalk downs and rough chalky places; foodplant un-
known.

1. West Wickham (see First Record); (W. Barnes in Wool. Surv., 1909);
c. 1931 (S. Wakely). Keston, fairly common (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv.,
1909). Farnborough (W. A. Cope). Chislehurst, fairly common, 1904, rare
since (S. F. B. Blyth); one, March 26, 1928 (A. R. Kidner). Pauls Cray
Common (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909); one, April 1, 1915 (A. R. Kidner).
Charlton, 1865 (A. H. Jones per Fenn, Diary). Bexley (L. W. Newman, in
Wool. Surv., 1909); several, April 9, 1936 (B. K. West); one, April 17, 1952
(A. Heselden). Dartford Heath, c. 1862 (Jenner, Week. Ent., 2 : 197);
March 9, 1875 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.); March 14, 1884, very common.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (65)

I “could have taken 100” (Fenn, Diary); (Kidner, Diary); several, April 13,

I 1952 (C.-H.).

I 6. Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Meopham (H. C. Huggins),

j 7. Westwell, March 16-20, 1935, several worn few fresh 9 9»

I March 28, 1936 (A. J. L. Bowes); 1955, not common (E. Scott).

I 8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Folkestone Warren, plentiful (Morley,

[ 1931); April 22, 1932, March 31, 1933 (J. H. B. Lowe); a few at rest on
grass stems on cliff top below Capel-le-Ferne, 1938, 1939, 1962 (C.-H.); one,
April 8, 1951 (D. G. Marsh); two, April 6, 1967 (Wakely, Ent Rec., 80: 124).
Poulton Wood, one, April 10, 1895, “flying round sallow”; Coombe Wood,
two, April 17, 1895; Kearsney, five flying round sallow, April 11, 1895,
three, March 8, two, April 8, 1904; Whitfield, two, April 20, 1901; Elms
Vale Road, Dover, two, April 24, 1901 (Stockwell, Diary). Dover, two,
April 17-20, 1909 (P. A. Cardew, Diary); April 9, 1937 (A. J. L. Bowes).
Dover district, “fairly common on the Cliffs and on the outskirts of
woods” (E. & Y., 1949). Near Shepherdswell, plentiful, males mostly
worn, April 8, 1953 (D. G. Marsh, Diary). Brook* (Scott, 1936).

10. Sevenoaks* (Hill, Entomologist, 19: 185). Brasted Chart, on fence,
April 19, 1919 (Gillett, Diary).

11. Wateringbury, one, in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.). Hoads Wood, on
sallow catkins, March 31, April 4, 1954 (P. Cue); three, April 11, 1955 (W.
L. Rudland); fairly common, 1961 (M. Singleton).

12. Ham Street, one, April 21, 1937 (A. H. Lanfear, Diary).

13. Tunbridge Wells Common (Morgan, Lepidoptera of the Tunbridge
Wells District, MS.)..

Variation. — Fenn (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1890: 24)

exhibited a series from Hartford Heath showing a “tendency to melan-
ism”.

First Record, 1863: West Wickham, three 9 9 , by searching trees,
January 25, 1863 (Latchford, Week. Ent., 1 : 198). A remarkably early ap-
pearance owing to mild weather that year.

C. pectinataria Knoch: Green Carpet.

Native. Woods, copses, bushy places; [on Galium^. Recorded from
all divisions except 15; relatively scarce in 1, 2, 4 and 9. “Generally com-
mon” (V.C.H., 1908).

Morgan (Lep. Tunbridge Wells Dist., MS.) records the feral larva on
bedstraw, but gives no particulars so may be based on Sussex occur-
rence.

1. Hartford Heath (Jenner, Week. Ent., 2: 197). Bexley (Carr, Entom-
ologist, 32 : 40); (L. T. Ford). Lee; Eltham (Wool. Surv., 1909). Chisle-
hurst, one, July 1, 1911 (S. F. P. Blyth). Dartford (B. K. West). Petts
Wood, 1950 (A. M. & F. A. Swain). West Wickham, 1951 (E. Trundell).
Hayes (R. F. Birchenough, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 83). Orpington,
1957 (L. W. Siggs, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1959: 121).

2. Bobbing (H. C. Huggins) .

4. Ham Marshes, one, July 9, 1891 (Fenn, Diar^y). Minster, July 3, 1915
(Gomm, Diary). Ickham, fairly common, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh).

9. Lord of Manor, Ramsgate, June 29, July 3, 1910, 1911; altogether
about 12 specimens (J. W. C. Hunt).

Variation. — Ab. constricta Prout, one, Wollage Green (div. 8) (C.-H.,

(66) entomologist's record 15/2/71-15/3/71

Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1954-55: 21); one, Ham Street, 1950
(C.-H.).

In RCK is ab. clausa Lempke, one, Westwell, June 6, 1906, one, bred
New Cross, July 1924, one. North Kent, June 1907.

First Record, 1858: Near Folkestone (Fisher, Ent. week. Int., 4: 140).

Hydriomena furcata Thunberg: July Highflyer.

Native. Woods, hedgerows, bushy places, carr; on sallow, hazel, bil-
berry. Frequent and found in all divisions; once only in 9, where it may
have been casual. “Generally abundant” (V.CH., 1908).

The chief foodplant appears to be sallow, and there are records of the
finding of larvae of this in many parts of Kent, and of the rearing of
them therefrom. Larvae have been found on bilberry in the past in
the Sevenoaks district (see under Variation), but I have no knowledge of
its occurrence on this of late. I have only one record of it on hazel :
Turner (Ent. Rec., 1 : 350) noted larvae as common on this at Brockley
during the period 1887-90.

9. Cliftonville, one, July 22, 1954 (W. D. Bowden).

Variation. — Extremely variable, with, it seems — apart from the
unicolorous forms — no two specimens exactly alike.

A small bilberry-feeding race (cf. South, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1889: 145; Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1892: 56; idem,
Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1905-06: 40-41; Reid, Ent. Rec., 21: 56)
appears referable to f. saga Prout. I have seven such specimens from
Seal Chart, bred June 1905, ex H. J. Turner coll., but am unaware of its
occurrence in Kent since 1908, despite recent larval searches at Seal and
Mereworth (C.-H.).

Various abs. have been recorded in the literature, cf. Fenn,
Ent. Rec., 1: 282; Chittenden, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1903:
70; Marsh, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1956: 36.

In RCK are the following named abs.: — sordidata F., Chattenden,
1896, Sidcup, 1900, Eltham, 1893, Bexley, 1896, Sevenoaks, 1892, Chisle-
hurst, 1909; fuscoundata Donovan, two, bred Sevenoaks, 1892, one,
Eltham, May 7, 1895; stragulata Wehli, one, Sevenoaks, bred 1892;
“median area with ringed spot trans. ad stragulata W.”, one, Chislehurst,
August 7, 1901; fasciata Nitsche, one, Eltham; tricolorata Schrk.=

albifasciata Prout, one, Eltham, May 7, 1895, seven, bred Sevenoaks, 1892;
lucifasciata Meves, with green ground”, one, Sevenoaks, bred, 1892;
albonigrata Nitsche, “with green instead of white markings”, one. West-
well, August 17, 1939; barretti Cockayne, one Kingsdown, July 19, 1932,
J. Juby, one. Stone, July 1885, A. B. Farn (both paratypes, cf. Cockayne,
Ent. Rec., 65 : 165); multilineata Nordstrom, two, Sevenoaks, bred 1892;
ab. “orange tinted”, one, Eltham, May 13, 1896, one, Sidcup, bred 1900,
one, Lewisham, bred sallow, July 1895; flavitincta Culot, eight, Sevenoaks,
bred 1892.

First Record, 1806 : ‘‘Phalaena Fusco-Undata Don . . . This insect is
from Faversham” (Donovan, Br. Ins., 2 : 74).

H. impluviata Denis & Schiffermiiller: May Highflyer.

Native. Damp woods and copses, carr; on alder.

1. Lee, 1861 (Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 10: 196). Browns Woods, July IL

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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1885 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.); Halfway Street (Wool. Surv., 1909), may
refer. Brockley, one (Turner, Ent. Rec., 1 : 350). West Wickham (Wells.
Entomologist, 24: 74; idem. Entomologist, 25: 193); (Wakely, Proc. S.
Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1930-31 : 75); numerous at m.v.l., 1951 (E.
Trundell); May 25, 1952, and frequently since (C.-H.). Blackheath; Cat-
ford; Lewisham; Eltham; Farnborough (Wool. Surv., 1909). Sidcup
(VCH., 1908). Petts Wood (S. F. P. Blyth); one, 1924 (Kidner, Diary).
Bexley (V.C.H., 1908); one. May 31, 1952 (A. Heselden). Orpington, 1954
(L. W. Siggs); 1963 (R. G. Chatelain); Hayes (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956:
96). Blackheath, rare and very local, at street lamps (gas) at night,
twice, June 6, 21, 1955 (A. A. Allen). Bromley, 1963 (3), 1964 (1), 1966 (2)
(D. R. M. Long). West Wickham, one typical form, 1902 (A. M. & F. A.
Swain coll.). Petts Wood, one typical form, 1937; one, 1937; one, 1946, both
trans. ad melanic (A. M. & F. A. Swain coll.). Bexley, 1966 (2), 1967 (3),
all the “green form’’ (D. O’Keeffe).

5. Downe (de Worms, loc. cit.). Westerham, one typical specimen.
1963 (R. C. Edwards).

6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 254).

7. Stockbury (H. C. Huggins).

8. Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870).

10. Valley between Brasted and Westerham, numerous pupae in hol-
lows behind alder bark, imagines emerged May 9-22, 1914; Sevenoaks.
June 19, 1922 (Gillett, Diary).

11. Benenden (G. V. Bull). Borough Green, one, June 11, 1950 (C.-
H.). Aylesford (G. A. N. Davis).

12. Chartham, one, 1953 (P. B. Wacher). Ashford Town, one typical
specimen at light, July 11, 1958 (P. Cue). West Ashford, common in an
alder wood, 1960 (M. Enfield). Bourne Wood, June 30, 1954 (E. Scott).

13. Pembury, common (Stainton, Man., 2 : 97). Tunbridge Wells, often
on fences, etc. (Knipe, 1916).

16. [Folkestone (Rait-Smith, Ent. Rec., 25: 174), is doubtful (W. Rait-
Smith, in litt.)] Near Hythe, 1930 (Morley, 1931). Sandling Park, 1930,
1945 (A. M. Morley). Priory Wood (P. Cue).

Variation. — At West Wickham, at least 50% are melanic, apparently
referable to ab. obsoletaria Schille (C.-H.).

In RCK are two Kentish specimens : typical impluviatu, one, “Petts
Wood, 1902, H. H, Clarke”; ab. ohscurevirescens Lempke, one, Chislehurst,
June 8, 1971.

[H. ruberata Freyer: Ruddy Highflyer.

Doubtfully Kentish.

1. Halfway Street Woods (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909) (but Fenn.
Diary has no mention of this as a Kentish species — C.-H.). Hartford*,
scarce (VCH., 1908)].

First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit.

Horisme vitalbata Denis & Schiffermiiller: Small Waved Umber.

Native. Wood borders, bushy places, hedgerows; on Clematis vitalha.
Mainly on chalk, particularly downland chalk. Fairly frequent in 5-8,
but generally less numerous than H. tersata D. & S.

1. Birch Wood (see First Record). Lee (Fenn, Ent. Rec., 3: 202).
Plumstead; Charlton; Bostall Chalkpits; Bexley; Eltham (Wool. Surv..

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1909). Sidcup, one, 1931, one, 1935; Farningham Wood, larvae, September
1929; Beasfield, larvae, 1929-30 (Kidner, Diary). Dartford (B. K. West).
Petts Wood, several annually, 1946-50 (E. Evans). Orpington, 1948, 1949,
1953 (L. W. Siggs); (R. G. Chatelain). West Wickham, 1951 (E. Trundell).
Hayes (Birchenough in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 98). Charlton Sand-
pit, one, July 8, 1946 (J. F. Burton). St. Mary Cray, 1955-56 (Chatelain,
in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1959: 123).

2. Dartford (B. K. West). Cliffe Marshes, August 21, 1960 (R. G.
Chatelain).

3. Whitstable, one (P. F. Harris). Herne Bay, occasionally (D. G.
Marsh). Canterbury, imagines, also larvae on C. vitalha (J. Parry).
Eddington, one, at light, June 10, 1949, (S , at light, April 24, 1952, two at
m.v.l., August 3, 1951 (D. G. Marsh, Diary).

4. Near Sandwich* (Carr, Entomologist, 35: 246). Worth, June 11,
1962, August 9, 1969; two, both at m.v.l. (T. W. Harman). Ickham, one, c.
1956 (D. G. Marsh). Sandwich, one at m.v.l., August 11, 1969 (T. W. Har-
man).

9. Ramsgate, one, May 19, 1938 (J. W. C. Hunt).

10. Sevenoaks, one at light indoors, August 8, 1939, one at light, May
15, 1947, one, at light, July 25, 1948 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary).

11. Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908).

12. Wye, twenty-five, 1953-56; Willesborough, one. May 27, 1954, one,
May 28, three, August 3-September 2, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Ashford,
August 17, 1954 (P. Cue, per E. Scott). West Ashford, common at light,
1960-61 (M. Enfield). Willesborough, one, 1961 (M. Singleton).

13. Tunbridge Wells* (Knipe, 1916).

14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull).

15. Hythe Rifle-range, two. May 2, 1928, two. May 18, 1932 (A. M.
Morley). Dungeness, one, June 16, 1968 (R. E. Scott).

16. Folkestone, two (A. M. Morley).

First Record, 1831: Darenth and Birch Woods (Stephens, Haust., 3:
256).

H. tersata Denis & SchiffermiAller: Fern.

Native. Hedges, bushy places, copses, wood-borders; on Clematis
vitalha. Frequent in 5-8. “Common on the chalk” (V.C.H., 1908).

The moth is normally single brooded, appearing towards the end of
June, and continuing throughout July to the beginning of August. In a
favourable year, however, two generations perhaps occur. Thus, in 1921,
H. G. Gomm (Diary) records that he disturbed the moth from foliage in
Thanet on May 29 and June 2; and in the same year, A. R. Kidner (Diary)
observed one at light at Sidcup on September 10.

1. Birch Wood (see First Record). Since then noted in many parts of
this division. Recently from: Sidcup, 1939 (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Bexley,
1944 (A. S. Wheeler). Bromley, larvae in great abundance beaten from
C. vitalha bush in the town, September 7, 1947, from which some moths
were reared (C.-H.); 1959 (2), 1960 (1), 1962 (1), 1963 (2). 1964 (1), 1965 (3),
all in m.v. trap, earliest date July 7, 1963, latest date August 31, 1962 (D.
R. M. Long). Petts Wood, three, 1948 (E. Evans). Dartford, fairly com-
mon (B. K. West). Orpington, 1951 (L. W. Siggs); two, 1958 (R. G. Chatel-
ain). Abbey Wood, 1952 (A. J. Showier). Hayes (Birchenough, in de
Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 99). Blackheath, at m.v.l., 1959, and street

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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lamps, rare (A. A. Allen). Bexley, two, 1968 (D. O’Keeffe).

2. Dartford (B. K. West).

3. Perry Wood (Morris, Br. Moths, 2 : 21). Millstrood, one at light (P.
F. Harris). Eddington, one at m.v.l., August 3, 1951 (D. G. Marsh).

4. Worth, one at m.v.l, August 9, 1969 (T. W. Harman).

9. Ramsgate, one, 1913, one, 1920 (J. W. C. Hunt). Birchington, May
29, 1921; Minster, two, June 2, 1921 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Margate, 9 one
year on paling over which C. vitalha was growing (P. F. Harris). Clifton-
ville, two, 1950, two, 1954-55 (W. D. Bowden).

11. Aylesford, one, 1955 (Davis, Bull. Kent Fid. CL, 1 : 6).

12. Chartham (P. B. Wacher). Wye, twelve in m.v. trap, 1953-56 (W.
L. Rudland).

13. Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan).

14. Sandhurst, 1933 (G. V. Bull).

16. Folkestone Town (Morley, Ent. Rec., 64: 171); a few since (A. M.
Morley).

First Record, 1831 : “Local, but not uncommon in the vicinity of
Darenth and Birch Woods” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 256).

Meianthia prccellata Denis & Schiffermuller; Pretty Chalk Carpet.

Native. Hedges, copses, wood-borders; on Clematis vitalha. Quite fre-
quent in 5-8. “Common on the chalk in some places” (V.C.H., 1908).

The moth appears to be normally in one generation from about the
end of June to the beginning of August. At West Wickham, however, in
1949 I noted one wild example as early as June 10; and in 1957, a feral
9 there in good condition on August 28, 1955 (C.-H.).

1. Birch Wood (Curtis, Br. Ent., 643). Near Woolwich (Jones, Ent.

week. Int., 10: 187). Plumstead Chalkpits; Bexley; Charlton Pit; Derrick
Wood*; Hayes (Wool. Surv., 1909). Joydens Wood (Wool. Surv-, 1909);
larvae plentiful, September 1, 1919, a few, August 27, 1920 (Kidner
Diary). Farningham Wood, three larvae, September 29, 1929, larva,
September 25, 1930 (Kidner Diary). Dartford Heath (B. K. West).
Orpington, 1948-53 (L. W- Siggs). Bromley, larva on C. vitalha, September
7, 1947, imago reared (C.-H.). Petts V/ood, 1949 (A. M. & F. A. Swain).
Well Wood, West Wickham, 1947 and in later years (C.-H.). Abbey Wood,
1952 (A. J. Showier). Woolwich (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 94).

Bromley, 1961 (3), 1962 (1), 1963 (2), 1964 (1), 1965 (2), with earliest date
June 30, 1961, latest August 18, 1965 (D. R. M. Long).

2. Dartford, very common (B. K. West).

4. Ickham, fairly numerous, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). Worth, one at m.v.,
August 10, 1969 (T. W. Harman).

9. Ramsgate* (Willson, Entomologist, 23: 140).

10. “Occurs towards Sevenoaks and Mereworth”* (Knipe^ 1916).
Sevenoaks (W. E. Busbridge). Seal Chart (Howarth, Proc. S. Lond. ent.
nat. Hist. Soc., 1948-49: 71)

12. Ham Street (Scott. 1936). Chartham (P. B. Wacher). Ashford (P.
Cue teste E. Scott). Wye, five, 1953-56; Willesborough, one, July 31, 1956
(W. L. Rudland).

15. Dymchurch (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 65: 43).

16. Folkestone Leas, one, 1956 (R. W. Fawthrop teste A. M. Morley).
Variation. — In RCK are the following abs. : — nigrapicata Cockayne^

ten, including holotype C and paratypes, labelled “Snodland | Kent 1932 |

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A. Hedges” (cf. Cockayne, Entomologist, 85; 269, with obs. on genetics);
signata Lempke, two, Folkestone, 1891, one, Bexley, July 1907, one^ Snod-
land, July 14, 1906; also, an ab. having “costal patch dusted white”, one,
Folkestone, 1893, one, Folkestone, 1923.

First Record, 1831 : “Not uncommon in the neighbourhood of Darenth
and Birch Woods : I have also taken it near Dover” (Stephens, Haust., 33 :
250).

[Pareulype berberata Denis & Schiffermuller: Barberry Carpet.

Doubtfully Kentish.

Ullyett (1880) lists berberata for the Folkestone neighbourhood, but
gives no particulars and the species is unconfirmed from any other
source.]

Spargania luctuata Denis & Schiffermuller: White-banded Carpet.

Resident. Wood clearings; on Chamaenerion angustifolium.

The history of this species in England is very remarkable : it was first
noted here in 1924, when F. T. Grant’s son took one at Stone in north-west
Kent on June 2, and about the same time (the precise year is unknown),
another was captured at Woodham Ferrers, Essex. These two specimens
constituted the only known British luctuata until 1950, when, on August
6 that year, G. Haggett took a 9 at light at Ham Street. Since then, the
moth has been found in many localities in East Kent, and has also occurred
in Sussex, and Norfolk.^

2. Stone, one at light in Kent Cement Works, taken June 2, 1924 (F. T.
Grant in litt, Grant, Entomologist, 58: 16, idem, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1925-26: 95, Ent- Rec., 37: 12).

4. Ickham, one taken by D. G. Marsh in his garden, August 20, 1960 (D.
G. Marsh personal communication, 29.x. 1960).

5. Westerham, one, 1955 (R. C. Edwards teste de Worms, Lond. Nat.,
1956: 91).

7. Westwell, three, August 1953 (Scott, Ent. Gaz-, 5: 123, idem, Proc. S.
Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1953-54: 43); fairly common at m.v., August 9,
1955 (C.-H.); one. May 22, 1961 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 74: 165).

8. Brook, one, early September 1951 by C. A. W. Duffield (de Worms.
Proc S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1953-54: 14). Reinden Wood, one. May
26, four, June 10, 1953 (Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1953-54:
38); several, August 1954 (P. B. Wacher); numerous, July 31, 1955 (C.-H.).
Near Folkestone, May 1956 (Birkett, Ent. Rec., 69: 2). Covert Wood, five,
June 20, 27, 1954, two. May 22, 1955 (W. D. Bowden). West Wood, August
14, 1960 (C. R. Haxby & J. Briggs).

11. Aylesford, one at m.v., 1954 (G. A. N. Davis).

12. Ham Street. — Birchett Wood, August 6, 1950, 9 taken by G. Haggett
(Haggett, Ent. Gaz., 3: 27); two at light, August 3, 1951 (E. J. Hare);
Birchett Wood, end May 1952, two at light; Burnt Oak, several by day.
May 27, 1952, several August 3-11, 1952 (Hare, Ent. Gaz., 4: 163-164). Thirty
seen by day, early August 1953 (Haggett, Ent. Gaz-, 5 : 41); one at sugar at
10.55 p.m., June 12, 1956 (W. D. Bowden); June 19, 1956 (Scott, Proc. S.
Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1956: 77); Faggs Wood, several, June 8, 1957;
also noted annually in Birchett and Long Rope, 1952-57 (C.-H.); 1958
(Goater, Proc. S. Lond. ent- nat. Hist. Soc., 1958: 10; Scott, Proc. S. Lond.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1958: 72). Abundant by day and at light, June 1-2.
1956, many May 16, 1959 (R. F. Bretherton). Two at sugar. August 2, 1956

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(71>

(R. A. Jackson, Diary). August 15-20, 1960 (C. R. Briggs and J. Haxby).
Seven, July 31, 1964; one, August 3, 1965 (R. G. Chatelain). Eight kicked
up by day, one at light, 1967 (T. W. Harman). July 22, 1967, 9, June 6,
1968 (D. O’Keeffe). For further records for here cf. Entomologist, 92: 69.
100: 97; Ent. Rec., 65: 326, 73: 189, 81 : 109; Proc. S. Lond. ent nat. Hist.
Soc., 1953: 15, 1959: 77.

Willesborough, three, August 3-15, 1955, one, June 22, 1956; Wye, one
August 6, 1953, one, August 24, 1954 (W. L. Rudland). Ashford Town, c.
1953 (P. Cue). Bourne Wood, c. 1953 (P. Cue); many seen (Scott, Proc. S.
Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1955: 72). Horn’s Wood, Ruckinge, early July
1954, larvae on C. angustifolium, and imagines (More, Ent. Gaz., 5 : 234;
idem, Proc. S- Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1954-55: 38); about 60 moths,
August 14, 1954, disturbed or flying naturally in sun, 6-6.45 p.m. (C.-H.).

13. Goudhurst, one, 1959 (W. V. D. Bolt).

15, Dungeness, one at m.v., August 27, 1967 (R. E. Scott).

16. Folkestone Town, one, August 1, 1951 (Morley, Ent- Rec., 64: 172);
one, 1954 (R. W. Fawthrop teste A. M. Morley); one, 1955 (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — Edwards iProc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1954-55:
25) exhibited an ab. “with white bar extending to outer margin”, the only
one among 50 bred from Ham Street; and a somewhat similar ab. also
from Ham Street is in G. Law coll. (C.-H.).

In RCK are the following aberrations : interrupta Klem., one, bred
Ham Street, May 17, 1956, A. L. Goodson; separata Roman., four, Ham
Street; atrolata Schwad., three. Ham Street; indistincta Osih. = effusa
Muller, one. Ham Street, June 20, 1957, H. B. D. Kettlewell; approxi-
mata Lempke, five bred Ham Street; an ab. with “median band reduced
to 3 black spots, hindwings infuscated” (cf. Ent. Rec., 68, pit. 2, fig. 8).
one bred, Ham Street.

First Record, 1925 : Grant, Entomologist, 58 : 16. This is also the first
British record.

^The sudden appearance and spread of luctuata may be connected in
som.e way with a similar spread in Holland (cf. G. Black jr., Ent.
Berichteii, 1956, 16 : 8).

Rheumaptera liastata L.: Argent and Sable.

Native. Wood clearing; [on birch]. Locally plentiful some years, e.g.
in 1929 and 1953.

1. Birch Wood (Courtney, Entomologist, 1 : 227). Shooters Hill Wood,
one. June 4, 1862 (A. H. Jones, in Wool. Surv., 1909). West Wood (W.
Groves teste Fenn, Diary, 1861). Bromley Common, one, c. 1933 (W. A.
Cope.) West Wickham., Q, June 1. 1P59 (H. Tompkins. Diary). West Wick-
ham Wood (Douglas. Zoologist, 3183); one, June 6, 1926 (A. M. & F, A.
Swain coll.); “dozens flying in the sunshine”, June 9, 1929 (S. Wakely).

3. Blean Woods. — June 2, 1866, one (Fenn, Diary); Bossenden Wood,
1924-27 (H. C. Huggins); Church Wood, one, June 23, 1924 (H. G. Gomm,
Diary); occurs not rarely in the open parts of West Blean Woods, e.g.
Clowes Wood (A. J. L. Bowes). Trenley Park, one, June 17, 1929 (H. G
Gomm, Diary).

6a. Darenth Wood (Donovan, Nat. Hist. Br. Ins., 4: 56); “I have taken a
few specimens at Darenth-wood” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 249); June 12, 1860
(Fenn, Lep. Data); one. May 21, 1865 (Fenn, Diary). Chattenden (see under

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ENTIMOLOGIST’s record, VOL. 83

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Variation).

I. Wigmore Wood, one specimen some years ago by G. Lewcock
(Chaney, 1884-87). Syndale Old Gravel Pit, fairly common, 1924-27 (H. C.
Huggins). Kings Wood; Long Beech Wood (Scott, 1936).

8. Folkestone (Ullyett, 1880). Reinden Wood, some numbers, June 10,
1929 (H. G. Gomm. Diary); Morley, 1931). Dover, two, June 1927 (Stock-
well coll.). Eltham Park Wood, two, June 6, 9, 1924; Woolwich Wood, one.
May 17, 1925, three. May 23-24, 1926, eleven. May 29-June 6, 1927, one. May
28, 1928, (W. E. Busbridge, Diary). Barham; Shepherdswell (E. & Y., 1949).
Wye (C. A. W. Duffield). Denge Wood, several, 1913 (R. P. A. Hunt).
Petham, one, 1935 (C.-H.). Chilham, one. May 1942 (C. M. Gummer).

II. Mereworth Woods, one, 1933 (J. Fremlin). Hoads Wood, c. 1953( P.
Cue); two. May 29, 1953 (W. L. Rudland); fairly common, 1953 (W. V. D.
Bolt); a few seen and one taken, 1959 (M. Singleton).

12. Ham Street Woods, two, June 1, 1950, four. May 23, 1953 (C.-H.);
June 2, 1956, May 16, 1959 (R. F. Bretherton); June 8, 1957 (Scott, Proc. S.
Lond, ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1957: 68); three, June 3, 1968 (Chatelain et al,
Ent. Rec., 81 : 109).

13. Tunbridge Wells dist-,* scarce (R. H. Rattray in Knipe, 1916).
Groombridge, 1931 (Bull. Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1931-32: 59).

14. Knock Wood, Tenterden, June 16, 1856 (Beale, Ent. week. Int., 1 : 91).
Woodchurch (G. V. Bull).

Variation. — In RCK is ab. demolita Prout, one, Chattenden, June 11,
1887.

First Record, 1795: Darenth Wood (Donovan, loc. cit.).

R. cervinalis Scop.: Scarce Tissue.

Resident. Parks, gardens; [on Berheris vulgaris and “Garden Berberis”]

1. West Wickham, c5'» May 16, 1860 (H. Tompkins, Diary); 1867 (Barrett,
Entomologist, 3: 330); one, 1910, several, 1911, in E. Nottle coll. (C.-H.).
Lee, one, April 28^ 1862; May 22, 1865; 10 in about 10 minutes, April 27,
1894 (Fenn, Diary; idem, Ent- Rec., 7 : 258); uncommon (Green, Trans. W.
Kent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1905-06: 15). Eltham, at lamps (A. H. Jones in
Buckell and Prout, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 72). Black-
heath Park, very common on fences under Barberry bushes (West, Ent.
Rec., 18: 199). Lewisham, one, 1884 (R. Adkin in Wool. Surv., 1909). Abbey
Wood, May 17, 1862 (Fenn, Diary). Chislehurst, three, May 14-23, 1906,
one. May 13, 1907 (S. F. P. Blyth). Sydenham, between 1874 and 1891
(Sellon, Ent. Rec., 2: 164). Forest Hill^ one. May 8, 1887 (Cansdale, Ent.
Rec., 2 : 69). Bexley (L. W. Newman in Wool. Surv., 1909); (L. T. Ford);
one at m.v.. May 15, 1952 (A. H. Heselden). Near Dartford,* several larvae
beaten out, June 16, 1912; Sidcup, May 15, 1930, May 17., 1933, May 10, 24,
1938, all singletons at light (Kidner, Diary). Orpington, 1949 (A. M. Swain
in de Worms, Lond. Nat, 1956: 75). Blackheath, one flying after dusk in
garden, early May 1955., “there are bushes of Berberis spinosa in garden”
(A. A. Allen). St. Mary Cray, 1957 (R. G. Chatelain in de Worms, Lond.
Nat, 1959: 119).

2. Dartford, 9 , May 19, 1946 (B. K. West).

3. Eddington, Herne Bay, May 6 (1), 8 ( 9 at light) 1949, May 19 ( 9 at
m.v.), 23 ((5* and 9 at m.v.), 1951, May 16, 1952 (one at light) (D. G. Marsh),

5. Halstead (R. E. Frampton per S. Wakely). Westerham (R. C.
Edwards). Chelsfield, 1948 (A. M. Swain in de Worms, Lond. Nat, 1956:

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(73)

75).

6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). Gravesend, about three at light (H. C.
Huggins). Swanscombe*, 1952 (L. W. Siggs in de Worms, Lond. Nat,
1358: 75).

8. East Downs, Folkestone, not scarce. May (Knaggs, 1870).

[10. Sevenoaks, April 10, 1920, at light (Gillett, Entomologist, 53: 67).]
[11. Aylesford, 1955 (Davies, Bull. Kent Fid. CL, 1 : 6).]

Variation. — In RCK are ab. reheli, one, Dartford, bred 1874 (fig. lb, pit.
364 in Barrett, Lep. Br. Is.); ab. unicoloraria Schwing., one. North Kent,
1898.

First Record, 1860 : Tompkins, Diary.

R. undulata L.: Scallop Shell.

Native. Woods; on Salix cinerea, “dwarf poplar”. Apparently extinct

in 1.

1. Birch Wood, one, August 1882 (Pye, Rochester Nat., 1896: 51).
Brown’s Woods, two, June 22, 1875 (Fenn, Diary) (“Bexley Woods” (Wool.
Surv., 1909), may refer). Shooters Hill Wood, two, June 27, 1887 (Fenn,
Diary) Eltham, rare (A. H. Jones, in Buckell and Prout, Trans. Cy Lond.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 72). Keston, Farnborough, odd specimens most
years (W. Barnes, Wool. Surv., 1909). [West Wickham]* 1861 (Huckett,
Ent. week. Int., 10: 115); may refer to Darenth Wood, or to both. West
Wickham one, 1883 (Geldart, Entomologist, 16: 279).

3. Canterbury,* one, 1906, one bred 1914, both in F. A. Small coll (C.-
H.). Blean, one June 22, 1921 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Little Hall Wood, about,
12 moths beaten out by day in 1936 and subsequently to 1946 (C.-H.).
Herne Bay, one (D. G. Marsh). Pine Wood, occasionally^ c. 1946 (J. A.
Parry).

6. Clay Lane Wood, one or two annually, 1902-10 (H. C. Huggins).
Greenhithe* (Farn MS.).

6a. Darenth Wood (Donovan, Nat. Hist. Br. Ins., 10: 43); two bred in
1864 from larvae found in rolled leaves of dwarf poplar (Meek, Ent. mon.
Mag., 1 : 190); one, 1865 (A. H. Jones teste Fenn, Diary). Chattenden, one,
July 12, 1884 (Fenn. Diary); 1899 (Ash, Ent. Rec., 11 : 273); and recorded
several times in the interval but not since. Cobham Great Wood, one.
May 23, 1868 (J. J. Walker MS.); a very early date but an exceptionally
early year. Mark Oak Wood (Chaney, 1883-87).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1883-87). Boxley, 1953 (A. H. Harbottle.)

8. Lady Wood (Knaggs, 1870. Reinden Wood, 1882 (Salwey, Entomo-
logist, 15: 197); o, July 17, 1929 (Morley, 1931). Warren^ Folkestone, not
scarce (in 1893) (W. J. Austen teste Fenn, Diary). Woolwich Wood, one,
June 19, 1904 (Stockwell, Diary). Spong Wood near Elmstead (Irby coll.
teste Scott, 1964). Barham, scarce (E. & Y., 1949).

10. Seal Chart (Carrington, Entomologist, 13: 79); three, July 5, 1885
(Fenn, Diary); July 13 (1), 16 (2), 1956 (Davis, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1956: 25). Brasted, one, 1917 (R. M. Prideaux). Dunton Green, one,
June 26, 1908 (Kidner, Diary). Sevenoaks, 1920 (Gillette Diary); one,
August 5, 1939, at dusk in garden (Busbridge, Diary). Westerham (E. J.
Hare); (R. C. Edwards). Goodley Stock, one, 1956 (C.-H.).

12. Ham Street Woods (Scott, 1936); two, 1960 (M. Singleton and D,
Youngs); one, July 15, 1962 (G. Hagett); o, July 24, 1965 (R. G.

Chatelain); larvae on S. cinerea in Faggs and Smallmans Woods, Septem-

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ber 11, 1966 (C.-H., Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1967: 24); August 28,
1967 (de Worms, Entomologist, 101 : 117); 1968 (Chatelain et al., Ent. Rec.,
81: 110); June 25 (^), July 1(9); 1968 (D. O’Keeffe).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2: 110). Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan),

14. Knock Wood, Tenterden, two, c. 1855 (Beale, Diary; idem. Zoologist,
4130).

Variation. — In RCK is a a striking ab. having “rays in place of normal
lines”, one. Seal Chart, 1881.

First Record, 1801 : “Sometimes taken in Kent, particularly in Darent
Wood, Dartford” (Donovan, loc. cit.).

Trjphosa dubitata L.: Tissue.

Resident, perhaps native. Wood borders, hedgerows, heaths, bushy
places; on Rhamnus cartharticus. Suspected casual or immigrant in 2-4, 9,

15.

1. Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 263). West Wickham, 1859 (Barrett.
Ent. week. Int., 7: 75); one, August 10, 1861 (Fenn, Diary); a few (in 1891)
(Wells, Ent. Rec., 2 : 81, 3: 35); 1951 (E. Trundell). Chislehurst (Cockerell.
Entomologist, 16: 233); six, August 1906 at heather bloom, one, September
6, 1923 (S. F. P. Blyth). St. Pauls Cray Common, two, August 27, 1886, on
heather; Petts Wood, one, August 5, 1865; Joydens Wood, two on heather,
August 21, 1875 (Fenn, Diary). Lewisham, 1885 (Marriott, Young Nat., 7:
79). Sidcup, one. May 8, 1912, one. May 14, 1920, one, September 3, 1923;
New Etham, one, October 2, 1925, (Kidner, Diary). Lee, one, June, one,
August 13, 1861, one September 4, 1887, one, September 7, two, September
8, 1891 (Fenn, Diary); one, 1900 (Carr, Entomologist, 34: 110); one (Green.
Trans. W. Kent, nat. Hist. Soc-, 1905-06: 15). Shooters Hill, one, April 6,
1865 (Fenn, Diary). Bostall Heath (C. Fenn, Wool. Surv., 1909). Lewisham.
1867 (R. Adkin, Wool. Surv., 1909). Farnborough, scarce (W. Barnes, Wool.
Surv., 1909). Bexley dist. (L. W. Newman, Wool. Surv., 1909). Sydenham,
c. 1889 (Sellon, Ent. Rec., 2 : 164); one, August 1898 (Swain in Buckell and
Prout, Trans. Cy Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1901 : 68). Westcombe Park
(Tutt in Buckell and Prout, Trans. Cy Lon. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 72).
Blackheath, on lamps and fences (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 199). Eltham (A. H.
Jones in Buckell and Prout, Trans. Cy Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 72).
Dartford, one, September 27, 1946 (B. K. West). Keston (R. F. Birchenough
in de Worms, Lend. Nat., 1956: 74). Beckenham (K. P. Keywood in de
Worms, loc. cit.).

2. Sheppey, 1873 (Hodgson, Ent. mon. Mag., 10: 180).

3. Herne Bay, one, September 1932, one, July 23, 1934, in A. J. L.
Bowes coll. (C.-H.). Chestfield, one. May 4, 1948 (P. F. Harris).

4. Deal Sandhills, one, August 20, 1888 (Fenn, Diary).

5. Chevening, three, May 1-9, one, August 13, 1912, one, August 23, 1913,
three, July 29-August 25, 1914, one, August 4, 1917 (Gillett, Diary). West-
erham (R. C. Edwards).

6. Greenhithe* (Earn MS.). Gravesend, common on an old buckthorn
hedge (H. C. Huggins); one, September 1, 1910, one, September 15, 1912
(F. T. Grant). Pinden, occasionally (E. J. Hare). Eynsford, a larva, July
11, 1933, five larvae, July 4, 1934, three larvae, June 19, 1938 (Kidner.
Diary). Rochester dist.,* 1905 (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 18: 19). Stone, one,
1956; Churchdown Wood, Fawkham, four (G. Law).

6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, loc. cit.); on buckthorn, 1864 (Meek. Ent,

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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mon. Mag., 1 : 190). Cobham, May 26, 1912 (F. Grant).

7. Wigmore Wood, not common (Chaney, 1883-87). Hollingbourne, three,
May 11, 1907 (R. A. Jackson, Diary). Sittingbourne (H. C. Huggins). West-
well (Scott, 1936); 1946 (Bull, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 194S-47:
169); one, August 8, 1951 (C.-H.); one, 1957 (E. Scott teste P. Cue).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880); one, August 16, 1937 (A. M. & F. A.
Swain coll.). Stowting; Brook (C. A. W. Duffield). St. Margaret’s Bay,
one, August 21, 1890 (Fenn, Ent. Rec., 1 : 204). Dover, one, August 10,
1944 (B. O. C. Gardiner). Dover; Waldershare (E. & Y., 1949). Folkestone
Warren, one at light, August 15, 1946 (A. M. Morley). Wye Chalkpit, June
10, 1957, beat seven larvae from buckthorn, moths reared (P. Cue).

9. Broadstairs, one, March 30, 1920 (J. W. C. Hunt). Minster, March 27
(4), April 7 (5), 21 (2), 1921, all around gas lamps (H. G. Gomm). Clifton-
ville, one, September 10, 1951 (W. D. Bowden).

10. Brasted, occasionally (R. M. Prideaux).

11. Tonbridge, one, April 30, 1871 (Raynor, Entomologist, 6: 79). Eden-
bridge, 1932, 1934 (F. D. Greenwood). Wateringbury, three in E. Goodwin
coll. (C.-H.).

12. Ham Street, April 9, 1933 (J. H. B. Lowe).

13. Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan).

14. Tenterden, c. 1855 (Beale, Diary). Sandhurst, one, 1929, in G. V.
Bull coll. (C.-H.).

15. Dungeness, six at sallow blossoms, April 3-4, 1946 (A. M. Morley).

16. Folkestone, one, August 20, 1928, one. May 5, 1929, one at sallow,
March 25, 1945 (A. M. Morley).

First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit.

Phiiereme vetySata Denis & Schiffermuller: Brown Scallop.

Native. Wood borders, copses, hedges; on Rhamnus catharticus.

1. Lewisham (Fenn, Ent- week. Int, 9: 59); abundant, 1861-62, one, 1863
(Fenn, Diary). Pauls Cray Common, fourteen, July 21, 1888 (Fenn, Diary).
Hayes (Carr, Entomologist, 32: 40). Bexley (L, W. Newman, Wool Surv.,
1909); larvae common on one bush, 1943 (Wakely, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1943-44: 20). Chislehurst, 1909 (Sperring, Ent. Rec-, 22: 13).
Farningham, a few larvae on R. catharticus (R. G. Chatelain). Bromley,
July 28, 1963 (1), July 22, 1965 (1), July 5, 1966 (1) (D. R. M. Long).

5. Westerham (R. C. Edwards. Biggin Hill, larvae on R. catharticus,
June 3, 1958 and in 1965 (C.-H.). High Elms, several worn, July 23, 1963
(R. G. Chatelain).

6. Between Darenth and Hartford, four, July 13, 1888 (Fenn, Diary).
Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). Gravesend (H. C. Huggins). Eynsford, near rifle
range, larvae on R. catharticus, June 4, 1965 (R. G. Chatelain). Wrotham,
July 20, 1965 (T. Peet).

6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust, 3: 261); 1864 (Meek, Ent. mon.
Mag., 1 : 190); 1891 (James Entomologist, 25 : 67); Buckell, Ent. Rec., 2 :
190). Chattenden Roughs, not common (Chaney, 1883-87).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1883-87). Westwell (Scott, 1936); one, 1960
(M. Enfield). Bearsted, one, 1947 (G. Law). Molash Woods, one, July 3,
1949 (T. G. Edwards). Boxley (A. H. Harbottle).

8. Brook (C. A. W. Duffield); common (M. Singleton). Alkham; Walder-
share (E. & Y., 1949). Woolwich Wood, one, July 2, 1950 (W. D. Bowden).
Lydden, larvae plentiful on R- catharticus, May 21, 1950 (C.-H.).

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11. Hoads Wood, 8-10 flying by day, June 21, 1955 (P. Cue); numbers
“beaten from the undergrowth around the low branches of oak”, July 1959t
(M. Singleton).

12. Willesborough, one, August 2, 1954, one, July 21, 1956; Wye, two,
1954, one, 1956 (W. L. Rudland).

13. Tunbridge Wells* (R. H. Rattray in Knipe, 1916).

First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit.

P. tranversata Hufnagel ssp. variegata Lempke: Dark Umber.

Native. Wood borders, copses, hedges; on Rhamnus cartharticus.

I. Lewisham, five, July 4, 1862; Dartford Heath, one, July 24, 1893 (Fenn,
Diary). Chislehurst, one, August 3, 1907 (S. F. P. Blyth). Lee; Bexley;
Keston (Wool. Surv., 1909). Orpington, 1949 (L. W. Siggs). Abbey Wood,

1954 (A. J. Showier). West Wickham, one, August 9, 1963, in m.v. trap (R.
F. Birchenough). Farningham, a few larvae on R. catharticus, June 2, 1965
(R. G. Chatelain). Bromley, July 25 (1), 27 (3), 1964 (D. R. M. Long).

5. Farnborough* (Barnes, Wool. Surv., 1909). Downe (Barnes, loc. cit.);

1955 (C.-H.). Chevening, larva. May 16, 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham
(R. C. Edwards). Chelsfleld, 1951 (A. M. and F. A. Swain). Cudham, 1952
(L. W. Siggs). Biggin Hill (C.-H.). Sevenoaks* (see under Variation). High
Elms, two, August 10, 1962 (R. G. Chatelain).

6. Between Dartford and Darenth, July 13, 18, 1888 (Fenn, Diary).
Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Shoreham* (Carr, Entomologist, 32 : 40). Graves-
end (H. C. Huggins). Culverstone, 1922; Wrotham, 1924 (F. T. Grant). Eyns-
ford, several larvae, June 7, 1932 (Kidner Diary). (L. T. Ford); not common
(B. K. West). Pinden (E. J. Hare). Otford (W. B. L. Manley); June 21,
1959 (Trundell, Proc. S. Loud. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1959: 89). Eynsford
larvae on R. catharticus, June 4, 1965 (R. G. Chatelain).

6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust-, 3: 260); (James, Entomologist, 25:
67, 28: 86).

7. Faversham (Barrett, Entomologist, 3: 331). Wigmore Wood; Darland
Hill (Chaney, 1883-87). Westwell, July 16, 1934 (A. J. L. Bowes); one, 1959
(M. Singleton); two, 1960 (M. Enfield & D. Youngs). Soakham Downs
(Scott, 1936). Godmersham, 1938 (C.-H.). Kings Wood (Scott, 1950).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Elham, five, July 4-7, 1934 (Busbridge,
Diary). Ewell Minnis; Shepherdswell; Whitfield; Wingmore (E. & Y.,
1949). Dover, very common 1945, seen most years 1945-52 (B. O. C.
Gardiner). Lydden, larvae fairly plentiful on R. catharticus, May 21,
1950 (C.-H.). Brook (Scott, 1936); one, 1959 (M. Singleton). Crundale,
larvae. May 17, 1937 (E. Scott). Wye (C. A. W. Duffield); one 1954, three 1956
(W. L. Rudland).

II. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Aylesford, one, July 17, 1951 (G. A. N.
Davis).

12. Wye, one, 1954, three, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Orlestone Woods, one,
July 27, 1967 (T. W. Harman).

16. Folkestone, one, August 5, 1954 (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — Lempke (Ent. Gaz., 19: 30) describes ssp. britannica as
having the ground colour of the wings of a “much paler brown than that
of the nominate form”, and illustrates a Kentish 9 , Sevenoaks, 22. vi. 1954
(pit. 3, fig. 6).

First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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Euphyia biangulata Haworth: picata Hiibner: Cloaked Carpet.

Native. Woods; foodplant unknown.

1. Abbey Wood; Shooters Hill (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 199). Bexley (A.
H. Jones in Wool. Surv., 1909). Keston (H. Alderson in Wool. Surv., 1909).
3. Near Canterbury*, July (1871), a fine series (Parry, Entomologist,
! 5: 394). Canterbury*, July 1902(2), 1906(2), in F. A. Small coll. (C.-H.)

Wardwell Wood; Bysing Wood, not uncommon, 1913-14, about 3-4 an
j evening; decidedly rare, 1924-26, about 3-4 per annum (H. C. Huggins),
j Blean Wood, one, July 20, 1923, in R.C.K. (C.-H.). East Blean Wood, one,

July 7, 1921 (H. G. Gomm). Sturry, one, July 11, 1927 (H. G. Gomm).

i Clowes Wood, one, July 7, 1945 (P. F. Harris). Little Hall Wood, one,

i July 7, 1946; Broad Oak, one, July 20, 1946 (C.-H.).

j 6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.).

i 6a. Darenth and its vicinity (Stephens, Haust., 3: 226). Darenth Wood,

[ 1860 (Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 9: 59) (Hartford (V.C.H., 1908), may refer).

Darenth, one, July 2, 1903, in RCK (C.-H.). “Kent” [? Chattenden], one,
1859 (Allchin, Ent. week. Int., 8: 5). North Kent [Chattenden] — 1874-75
(Porritt, Entomologist, 7: 181, 8: 219); 1875 (Tugwell, Entomologist, 8:
293). Chattenden (Chaney, 1884-87); 9 at rest on oak. July 26, 1888
(Fenn, Diary). Chattenden Woods, not uncommon (Porritt, Naturalist, 6:
119).

7. Faversham*, 1867 (Barrett, Entomologist, 3: 331). Wigmore; Mark
Oak Wood* (Chaney, loc. cit.).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Reinden Wood, one, 1882 (Salwey,
Entomologist, 15: 197),

10. Sevenoaks, June 1868 (Gill, in Ent. Ann., 1869: 142); one, June 21,
1871 (Raynor, Ent. Rec., 17: 267). Seal Chart, one, July 5, 1885 (Fenn,
Diary); (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1905-06: 39).

11. Wateringbury, 1904 (W. A. Cope); (V.C.H., 1908). Aylesford, one,
1954 (G. A. N. Davis).

13. Pembury, common (Stainton, Man., 2 : 112). Tunbridge Wells (E.

D. Morgan).

14. Knock Wood, Tenterden, c. 1855 (S. C. Tress Beale, Diary). Ten-
terden, common (Stainton, Man., 2 : 112). Sandhurst, one, c. 1935 (G. V.
Bull).

Variation. — In RCK are the following: Ab. albofasciata Gauckler, one,
“Folkestone Dist.”; trans ad ab. albofasciata Gauckler, one, Blean Wood,
20.vii.l923, W. Rait-Smith.

First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit.

E. unangulata Haworth: Sharp-angled Carpet.

Native. Woods; foodplant unknown.

1. Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 225). Bromley neighbourhood,
1882 (Watchurst, Entomologist, 16: 19). [West Wickham], 1861 (Huckett,
Ent. week. Int., 10: 115). Farnborough, scarce, 1900 (H. Alderson, Wool.
Surv., 1909)..

3. Oldridge Wood, several, c. 1946 (J. A. Parry). Broad Oak, one at
light, July 26, 1946 (C.-H.).

5. Chevening, July 6, 1912, July 11, 1913 (Gillett, Diary).

6. Longfield, 1867 (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (54) : ii),

6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, loc. cit.), [Darenth Wood] (Huckett, loc.
cit.).

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7. Long Beech Wood, common (Scott, 1936); six at light, July 29, 1939
(C.-H.). Westwell, July 13, 1934 (A. J. L. Bowes). Boxley, 1953 (A. H.
Harbottle). Hollingbourne, odd ones, 1920-22 (H. C. Huggins).

8. Folkestone*, 1860 (Fereday, Ent. week. Int., 9: 136); 1912 (Rait-
Smith, Ent. Rec., 25: 174). Between Sandwich and St. Margaret’s Bay*
(1883) (Shepherd, Entomologist, 17: 137). Elham, two at acetylene light,
July 4, 1934 (Busbridge, Diary) (Wingmore (E. & Y., 1949) perhaps refers).
Elham' Park Wood, July 8, 1953 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 66: 110; idem, Proc.
S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1953-54: 45).

10. Westerham*, July 16, 1898 (Heasler, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1898: 8). Sevenoaks, June 27, 1920 (Gillett, Diary).

11. Hoads Wood, one (P. Cue).

12. Ashford Town, two in garden, c. 1953 (P. Cue). Willesborough,
August 20 (1), 21 (2), 23 (4), 1955 (W. L. Rudland).

13. Tunbridge Wells district*, one, 1868 (Cox, Entomologist, 4 (62): ii).
Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan); three, 1958 (L. R. Tesch per C. A. Stace)t
Goudhurst, about six per annum, 1955-61 (W. V. D. Bolt).

14. Between Cranbrook and Hawkhurst, several (W. A. Cope).

16. Folkestone Town, one, June 1951 (A. G. Riddell per A. M. Morley).
First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit.

Epirrita dilutata Denis & SchifTermiiller: November Moth.

Native. Woods, parks, gardens, bushy places, etc.; on hawthorn, aspen,
elm, maple, sloe. Recorded from all divisions, except 7 (probably pre-
sent) and 15. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908).

D. R. M. Long records finding the larva at Bromley on hawthorn and
aspen, at High Elms (div. 5) on elm and maple, and at Eynsford on sloe.

Variation.— Newman (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1997-08: 93;
Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1907: 11) exhibited a melanic
taken wild in Bexley Woods, October 23, 1907, “the first melanic specimen
of this species reported from Kent”. In 1900, Buckell and Prout (Trans.
Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 68) stated that the vast majority of
London examples belong to ab. obscurata Stgr.

In RCK are the following named abs. : pallida Prout, “Kent” (2); melana
Prout, Mereworth, bred 1904 (4); fimbriata Haw., “Canterbury Wacher
’94” (1); disjuncta Lempke, “Kent” (1).

First Record, 1720 : The larva “was taken on the White-thorn . . .
near Peckham” (Albin. Nat. Hist. Eng. Ins., facing Pit. XLV. As this may
refer to Surrey, the first positive Kentish record dates from 1809:
Phalaena fimbriata Haw., Haworth, Lep. Britannica, 2 : 320.

E. christyi Allen: Pale November Moth.

Resident, perhaps native. Woods, copses; on maple, sloe, oak.

Note : Owing to the difficulty of checking genitalically much of the
recorded material, there are relatively few records of confirmed Kentish
occurrence, and unless so confirmed the following should be accepted
conditionally,

1. Farnborough, October 1938 (D. Marsh, in de Worms, Lond. Nat, 1956:
87). West Wickham (E. Trundell, in de Worms, loc. cit.). Orpington a
feral larva, from which a 9 ab. was bred October 21, 1949, gen. det. D. S.
Fletcher (L. W. Siggs).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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6. Shoreham, larva beaten from oak, 1955, imago reared (R. G.
Chatelain). Pinden, taken by E. J. Hare, October 1961 (de Worms,
Lond. Nat., 1934: 32).

7. Westwell (Scott, 1950).

8. Wye Downs, two, November 3, 1938, det. L. B. Prouti(C. G. M. de
Worms); November 6, 1954 (de Worms, Entomologist, 88: 62), West
Studdal, scarce (E. & Y., 1949). Brook (Scott, 1950). Woolwich Wood,
October 16, 1971, gen. det. (C.-H.).

11. Great Chart, larvae on maple, c. 1953, imagines reared; Hoads
Wood, larvae on sloe (P, Cue).

12. Ham Street, 4 (j'c?, October 20, 1967, gen. det. D. O’Keeffe (D.
O’Keeffe).

16. Folkestone, one (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — Siggs’s Orpington specimen is strikingly aberrant, and
appears to conform to ab. intermedia Heydem.

First Notice, 1938: C. G M. de Worms.

E. autumnata Borkhausen: Autumnal Moth.

Resident, perhaps native. Woods, on birch.

Note : Owing to the difficulty of checking genitalically much of the
recorded material, there are relatively few records of confirmed Kentish
occurrence, and unless so confirmed the following should be accepted
conditionally.

I. Orpington, 1949 (L. W. Siggs, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 87).

7. Westwell (Scott, 1964). Eastwell (P. Cue).

8. Dover. — Here dilutata is not common, “and its place seems to be
taken by the more silky triangular-winged autumnaria” (Webb, Ent. Rec.,
8: 11). Brook (Scott, 1964).

10. Westerham, larva. May 8, 1937 (Coote and Jacobs, Proc. S. Lond.
ent. nat Hist. Soc., 1937-38: 37). Seal Chart (Fuller, Entomologist, 74:
70); I have a (J taken by J. L. Fuller, labelled “Seal Chart Oct./ 1941’’.
gen. det. (C.-H.); several worn examples, October 29, 1963, gen. det.;
fresh examples, October 11, 1965, gen. det.; larvae beaten from birch.
May 20, 1965, from v/hich a single example was bred, gen. det. (C.-H.).

II. Sevenoaks Weald, October 11, 1959 (E. A. Sadler). Hoads Wood
(P. Cue).

12. East Kent [Ham Street] (de Worms, Entomologist, 72: 124). Ashford
Town, two (P. Cue teste C. G. M. de Worms in litt., 15.xi.l961). Orlestone
Woods, 2 (Sd, taken October 20, 1967, by D. O’Keeffe, gen. det. D.O’K.
(C.-H. coll.).

14. Sandhurst, one bred October 21, 1945, by G. V. Bull from a larva,
is a fine ab., gen. det. (C.-H. coll.).

Variation.— The Sandhurst specimen is a large silvery white c? with
very distinct markings.

First Record, 1896: Webb, Ent. Rec., 8: 11.

Operophtera bmmata L.: Winter Moth.

Native. Woods, hedgerows, orchards, gardens, etc.; on oak, hawthorn,
birch, apple, elm, cherry, dog-rose, lime, sloe, sallow, hazel, maple,
bilberry, aspen, sycamore, cob-nut, currant, gooseberry (fruit and foliage).
In all divisions, and probably present throughout the county wherever
there are deciduous trees and shrubs. “Generally far too abundant”
(V.C.H., 1908).

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The larva has perhaps occurred most often in Kent on the first
thirteen of the above-mentioned foodplants, and there are numerous
records of its having been found on these. Regarding the others, D. R. M.
Long has taken the larva at Bromley on aspen, sycamore and currant;
and Theobald (Jnl. S.E. Agric. Coll Wye, 1910 (19), 97) records the larva
at Stone-in-Oxney on cob-nut bushes, and at Rodmersham, where “they
attacked the young gooseberries as well as the leaves of the bushes”.

The imago is usually well out by about the third week of November,
and then continues throughout December and into January. In 1862,
Fenn (Diary) noted one at Lee as early as October 9, and I have a record
that in 1939, I saw several still on the wing in East Blean on February
10 — an unusually late occurrence (C.-H.). In 1952, R. Cheesman took a
(5' hrumata which was flying in Larkey Valley Wood (div. 8) on July 6 — a
most extraordinary date — and showed me the specimen (C.-H.).

One suspects that in nature many species occasionally lie over in the
pupal stage for more than one year, but to get positive evidence of this
is of course extremely difficult. However, we do know of one such case
with hrumata where, though there is no actual proof of lying over, the
circumstances are such as to appear fairly conclusive. In December 1945,
Massee (Rpt E. Mailing Res. Stn., 1946; 127) noticed that very few 9 9
were seen in a cherry orchard at East Mailing which was partially
defoliated by larvae earlier in the year. He adds that in December 1946,
the moths were very prevalent at this locality though the previous spring
the larval attacks were negligible. Massee therefore concluded that in
1945, only some of the moths emerged in November and December, and
that in that particular season many remained in pupa throughout the
winter and did not produce moths until the autumn of 1946.

In the past, the species has sometimes appeared in such vast swarms
in Kent as to reach pest proportions, the damage resulting being par-
ticularly noticeable in orchards. In 1909, Wakely reported that the oaks
at Tunbridge Wells and Goudhurst were “despoiled of their foliage”; and
on June 2 the same year, N. T. Hillier complained that at Horsmonden,
“the fruit crop is doomed for this season . . . many trees having barely
a leaf on them” (teste Theobald, loc. cit). In 1907, according to Murdoch
(in Theobald, Jnl. S. E. Agric. Coll. Wye, 1908 (17), 101), many grease
bands on fruit trees at Linton contained 100 9 9 hrumata; and at Rod-
mersham, Mercer (in Theobald, loc. cit) said that “some three hundred
were found on one band”. So abundant, indeed, was the species in 1907,
and so severe were the effects of the attacks of the larvae, that in the
Sittingbourne and Faversham fruit districts, the “trees looked in sum-
mer as if it were in winter”. According to Colthrup (Ent. Rec., 30 : 73),
1917 was another bad year for the fruit growers, larvae of hrumata
doing an immense amount of damage to apple trees that year, with large
acreages in both east and west Kent practically devoid of foliage.

(S hrumata has been found in cop with 9 O. fagata and vice versa
(see under O. fagata).

Variation. — A. M. Massee told me he took eleven gynandromorphs at
Old Quarry, Burbridge Cherry Orchard, East Mailing, c. 1940 (C.-H.).

Newman (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist Soc., 1907-08: 88) recorded
“black aberrations” from North Kent; and I have two ab. hueni Prout
from West Wickham, 1947, among a lot of normal specimens from there
(C.-H.).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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I The following are in RCK: ab. hueni Prout, one, Bexley, 1905, one,

I Herne Bay, 1933. A gynandromorph right side c? labelled “E. Mailing

I Research Station. Caught on the sticky band of a fruit tree 8.xi.l943

! A. M. Massee”.

[ First (Published) Record, 1863 : Jenner, Week. Ent., 2 : 198. Though

I -doubtless first noticed in the county long before.

i| -O. fagata Scharfenberg: boreata Hiibner: Northern Winter Moth.

Native. Woods, commons, heaths, orchards; on birch, apple, plum,

I cherry. Found in all divisions except 7, 16 (probably present in both), 15.
“Common” (V.C.H., 1908).

I It appears the species chiefly occurs on birch, and at West Wickham,

both Wormald (Ent. Ann., 1869: 140), and Allchin (Ent. week. Int., 8: 4)
j record taking it on this. In orchards at East Mailing, the larva is recorded

, as having been found on apple and plum (Massee, Rpt. E. Mailing Res.

.Stn., 1955: 143).

The species is occasionally found in great plenty; thus, Tutt (Ent. Rec.,
'21 : 139) recorded that on May 30, 1909, between Orpington and Chisle-
hurst, the larvae were in “almost incredible” numbers. Fenn. (Diary)
states that at Petts Wood on November 12, 1887, the imagines were so
numerous on the birches that he could have taken 1000 c? d' had he so
wished, but that the 9 9 appeared very scarce.

Fenn (Diary) noted a 9 fagata in cop., with a cS O. brumatu at Petts
Wood, November 12, 1887. The same observer (Ent. Rec., 1 : 46) records
furthermore, that he had often found 9 fagata in cop. with (d brumata
and vice versa, and added that the “progeny are not to be distinguished
from brumata”.

Variation. — The following abs. are in RCK; ab. isaaki Isaak, Bickley,
Nov. 1922, W. Rait-Smith; ab. fasciata Peterson, one, Pauls Cray, 1889;
ab. fasciata Peterson “on dark ground”, one. West Wickham, 1887; also,
an ab. with “dark ground”, one. West Wickham.

First Record, 1858: West Wickham (Stainton, Man., 2: 76).

Perizoma affinitatuim Stephens: Rivulet.

Native. Woods, copses, lanesides; on Melandrium rubrum.

The July-August specimens may represent a partial second genera-
fion; on the other hand I have not examined any such examples, and the
species is sometimes confused with P. alchemillata L.

1. West Wickham, worn 9, May 14, 1860 (H. Tompkins, Diary, as
^‘alchemillaria”). Abbey Wood (V.C.H., 1908). Bostall Heath (C. Fenn,
in Wool. Surv., 1909), may refer to the preceding (C.-H.). Eltham (A. H.
Jones, in Wool. Surv., 1909).

3. Bysing Wood, common 1913-14 and 1924-27; Wardwell Wood, common
1920-22 (H. C. Huggins). Bullockstone, two. May 26, 1922 (H. G. Gomm).
Clangate Wood, Sturry, May 28 (2), June 1 (2), 2 (3), 3 (3), 1932 (Y\f. E.
Busbridge, Diary). Sturry district.— of regular occurrence but never
plentiful in my experience in lanes at Broad Oak and in neighbouring
woodlands, e.g.. Den Grove, E. Blean, W. Blean, and Kemberland (C.-H.).

4. Deal*, one worn, August 3, 1891 (Fenn, Ent. Rec., 2 ; 204). Ickham,
one, c. 1956 (D. G. Marsh).

6a. Darenth, one in Meldola coll. (Woodforde, Entomologist, 54 : 288).
Near Upnor; Chattenden Roughs. Uncommon (Chaney, 1884-87). Chatten-
den, one taken by J. Ovenden, 1883, in Tutt coll. (Tutt, Young Nat., 11:

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entomologist’s record, VOL. 84

15/11/72:

37).

7. Boxley, 1953 (A. H. Harbottle).

8. Lady Wood (Knaggs, 1870). Folkestone, 1882 (Salwey, Entomologist,.
15: 197). Reinden Wood, fairly common (Morley, 1931). Coombe Wood,
May 29 (1), June 3 (1), 19 (1), 1895, June 6 (3), 15 (1), 1896, June 6, 1897 (1);
Poulton, June 15, 1905; Kearsney, one very worn, June 10, 1932 (Stockwell,
Diary). Haddling Wood, one, May 24, 1936 (Busbridge, Diary). EwelL
Minnis; River; Whitfield (E. & Y., 1949). Dover, one, July 14, 1945, rather
worn (B. O. C. Gardiner). Wye Downs (Scott, 1936). Brabourne, larva
on M, rubrum (P. Cue).

11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Grove Green, Maidstone, one, 1893, H,
Elgar, in Maidstone Mus. (C.-H.), Wateringbury, several in E. Goodwin
coll. (C.-H.); iV.C.H., 1908). Aylesford, three, 1953, two, 1954 (G. A. N.
Davis) t

12. Chartham, one, June 16, 1951 (P. B. Wacher). Willesborough, in
garden, c. 1953 (P. Cue); one. May 1957 (M. Singleton). West Ashford,
May 12 (1), 16 (3), 17 (1 at light), 1960, May 20, 1961 (6) (M. Enfield, M.
Singleton and D. Youngs). East Ashford, one in a small wood near the
bypass. May 16, 1961 (D. Youngs). Hothfield Common, June 2, 1969 (de
Worms, Entomologist, 102: 135).

13. Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan); 1956, 1957, 1958, occasional (L. R.
Tesch per C. A. Stace).

14. Tenterden, common (Stainton, Man., 2 : 80); 1960 (C. G. Orpin).
Sandhurst, one. May 27, 1940, one, 1945 (G. V. Bull).

Variation. — Woodforde (ioc. cit.) states that the Darenth example is
referable to ab. turbaria St.; and Tutt Hoc. cit.) remarked that his speci-
men which Ovenden took at Chattenden has “the ground colour reddish-
brown”.

First Record, 1858 : Stainton, Man., 2 : 80.

P. alchemillata L.: Sm.all Rivulet.

Native. Woods; on Galeopsis tetrahit agg.

1. Bostall Heath, one, August 4, 1865 (Fenn, Diary). West Wickham;.
Hartford* (V.C.H., 1908). Eltham, rare (A. H. Jones, in Buckell and
Prout, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 68). Chislehurst, one,
July 17, 1908, one, July 9, 1924 (S. F. P. Blyth). Orpington, two, 1949 (L.
W. Siggs); one, 1961 (F. A. Swain). St Mary Cray, about ten, 1957 (R. G.
Chatelain). Bromley, 1961 (2), 1962 (1), 1963 (1), 1964 (3), 1965 (3), (D. R.
M. Long).

3. Thornden Wood, July 29, 1865 (Fenn, Diary). Little Hall Wood, one,
July 5, 1944 (C.-H.). Blean Woods, one (D. G. Marsh).

4. Ickham, one, 1954 (D. G. Marsh) f. Sandwich Bay, July 24, 1967
(T. W. Harman).

5. Chevening, July 21, 28, 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Halstead (R. E. Framp-
ton per S. Wakely). Knockholt (L. T. Ford). Westerham, fairly common,
1935, 1937, 1949 (R. C. Edwards). Andrews Wood, Shoreham, eight, July
15, 1956, several July 5, 1957 (C.-H.).

6. Greenhithe (Earn MS.). Pinden, one, 1949 (E. J. Hare). Eynsford,
larvae on G. tetrahit agg., September 14, 1952 (Cox, Proc. S. Lond. ent.
nat. Hist. Soc., 1952-53: 87). Wrotham, one, July 20, 1965 (T. Peet).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). Hollingbourne, larva (H. C.
Huggins). Westwell (Scott, 1936); one, August 9, 1955 (C.-H.); two, I960

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(83)

(M. Enfield). Bearsted, 1949 (G. Law). [Chilham, June 16, 1957 (Grove,
Bull. Kent Fid. Cl. 3: 7, may refer to P. affinitatum— C.H.)].

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Near Alkham, 1930 (Morley, 1931).
Wye* (Scott, 1936). Brook; Elm.sted (Scott, 1950). Whinless Down, 1933
(E. & Y., 1949). Eiham, one, July 4, 1934 <Busbridge, Dairy); one, 1953
(D. G. Marsh).

9. Margate, one on fence, July 17, 1923, in H. G. Gomm coll. (C.-H.).

10. Sevenoaks, July 26, 1919, July 17, 1920 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham,
larva on G, tetrahit, September 19, 1945 (Wakely, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1954-55; 14).

11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Wateringbury, one (E. Goodwin MS.);
(V.C.H., 1908). Shipborne, one, 1910, in P. A. & D. J. A. Buxton coll.
(C.-H.). Aylesford, five, 1951-54 (G. A. N. Davis). Hoads Wood, c. 1953
(P. Cue). Sevenoaks Weald, one at m.v.l., July 3, 1959, five, June 30-
August 17, 1960 (E. A. Sadler).

12. Ham Street (Scott, 1936). Long Rope, Orlestone, one, July 27, 1951
(C.-H.). Potters Corner (Scott, 1936). Ashford, c. 1953 (P. Cue). Chart-
ham, five (P. B. Wacher). West Ashford, one at light, August 1959, two,
1960, (M. Enfield). Orlestone Woods, July 28, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton).
Willesborough, one, 1957 (M. Singleton).

13. Pembury, common (Stainton, Man., 2; 80). Tunbridge Wells, fairly
common (Knipe, 1916). Goudhurst, common (W. V. D. Bolt, 1961).

14. Knock Wood, seven, c. 1855 (Beale, Diary). Sandhurst, one at
light, 1928 (G. V. Bull). Tenterden, 1960 (C. G. Orpin).

15. Dungeness, July 27, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton); one, July 2, 1968 (R. E.
Scott).

16. Folkestone, four at light, 1951 (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — One of my Andrews Wood specimens is referable to ab.
interrupta Boldt (C.-H.).

First Record, 1859: Stainton, loc. cit.

P. bifaciata Haworth: imifasciata Haworth; Barred Rivulet.

Native. Chalk downs and rough chalky and sandy fields, waste places,
etc.; on Bartsia odontites.

1. Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3; 300). Lewisham, 1947 (Stainton,
Zoologist, 1915). Lee, 1861 (Fenn., Ent. week. Int., 10: 196). West Wickham,
one (Forbes, Entomologist, 8: 41); one, August 1958 (C.-H.). Forest Hill,
two, 1861 (McLachlan, Ent. week. Int., 10; 102). Eltham, one at light (A.
H. Jones, in Buckell and Prout, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900;
68). Mottingham (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Beckenham {V.C.H.,
1908). Keston, 1928 (W. A. Cope, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 96).
Sydenham, two larvae, 1934 (Attwood, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1934-35: 44). Petts Wood, 1947 (E. Evans). Orpington, 1954 (L. W. Siggs);
three larvae on B. odontites, October 5, 1968 (D. O’Keeffe). Sparrow
Common, Crofton, 1965, plenty of larvae on B. odontites, all sizes, October
10, with still more, October 23 (R. G. Chatelain). Bromley, one, August
8, 1966 (D. R. M. Long).

2. Faversham (H. C. Huggins).

3. Herne Bay, on ragwort flowers, September 1867 (Buckmaster, Ent.
mon. Mag., 4: 133). Whitstable, one, 1935, two, 1937, one, 1949 (P. F.

1 Harris).

4. Westbere, one, August 3, 1946; Sandwich, a larva on B. odontites.

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LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

15/V/72

September 24, 1949, imago emerged August 1951 (C.-H.). Worth, 9 at
m.v.L, August 13, 1969 (T. W. Harman).

5. Westerham (R. C. Edwards). Downe, larva on B. odontites, Sep-
tember 3, 1955; Biggin Hill, larva on B. odontites, 1956 (C.-H.). Chelsfield,
one, August 23, 1951, in A. M. & F. A. Swain coll. (C.-H.).

6. Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Gravesend* (Button, Entomologist, 4: 129,

5 393). Eynsford, not common (S. F. P. Blyth); larvae, 1933 (Wakely,
Ptoc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1933-34; 42; idem. Entomologist, 67:
147). Fawkham; Pinden (E. J. Hare). Otford, one flying, July 7, 1956 (A.
A. Allen).

6a. Chattenden (Chaney, 1884-87); in one hour’s search, 60-70 larvae,
October 11, 1890 (Fenn, Diary).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, loc. cit). Sittingbourne (H. C. Huggins).
Boxley, one, 1908, in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.). Westwell, larva, Septem-
ber 1945 (E. Scott)

8. Near Dover (Stephens, loc. cit). Dover (Curtis, Br. Ent, 623);

1849 (Grant, Zoologist, 2583); annually (E, & Y., 1949). Deal* (E. & Y.,
1949). Near Walmer* (Shepherd, Entomologist, 17: 137). Folkestone*

(Ullyett, 1880). Folkestone Warren (Morley, 1931). Alkham, larvae, Sep-
tember 30 1934 (J. H. B. Lowe); imago taken, August 1936, and a good
many larvae taken between 1936 and 1947 (A. M. Morley). Brook, larvae,
1956, 1957 (P. Cue).

10. Near Westerham* (see First Record).

11. Tunbridge Wells district* (M. M. Phipps and R. H. Rattray in Knipe,
1916). Aylesford, August 4 (1), 7 (1) 1955 (G. A. N. Davis).

12. Ham Street, one at m.v.L, July 1951 (C.-H.). Wye, one August 2
1955 (W. L. Rudland). Ashford Town, 1956, in garden (P.Cue),

14. Sandhurst, bred 1943, 1945 (G. V. Bull).

16. Folkestone Town, one, September 1 1949, one, August 20 1951 (Mor-
ley, Ent. Rec., 64: 171); 9 August 11 1956, 9, August 21 1957, one, August
9 1959 (A. M. Morley). Morley told me he considered these were strays
from the downs (C.-H.).

First record, 1809 : Phalaena unifasciata Haw.; “Imago i Aug. syl-
vaticis prope Westerham in Cantio” (Haworth, Lep. Britannica, 2 : 335).
This is also the original reference to unifasciata.

[P. blandiata Denis & Schiffermiiller; Pretty Pinion

Questionably Kentish.

This is the Phalaena trigonata of Haworth, 1809, who has: “Imago i Aug.
Sepibus apud Westerham at rassime.” “Exemplarium solum vide” (Lepi-
doptera Britannica, 344). Stephens (Haust, 3 : 299) has : “Found near West-
erham”; and Curtis (Br. Ent, 623) : “Beginning of August, Westerham,
Kent”. It would be interesting to know if Stephen’s and Curtis’s records
were based on Haworth’s sole occurrence, or whether the moth was found
on more than one occasion near Westerham. That Haworth’s example
was hlandiata I have no doubt, but I do question its origin since Haworth
gives no clue to this and he was in the habit of accepting alleged Wester-
ham insects from Plasted who was suspect (C.-H.)].

P. albulata Denis & Schiffermuller: Grass Rivulet.

Native. Chalk downs, railway banks, wet meadows, etc.; on Rhinan-
thus crista-galli.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(85)

I. Grove Park, fifteen, June 13, 1885, one, August 30, 1886 (Fenn,
Diary). Lee {V.C.H., 1909). Bexley, abundant, 1900 (L. W. Newman, in
Wool. Surv., 1909); (L. T. Ford); by the Cray, a few, June 5, 1921 (Kidner,
Diary). Petts Wood, 1951 (A. M. & F. A. Swain). Joydens Wood; West
Wickham (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 96). Farningham*, 1954 (A. S.
Wheeler). Orpington, one, 1958 (R. G. Chatelain). Bromley, one, June 6,
1960 (D. R. M. Long).

4. Worth, taken by Mr Solly, June [1905] (R. A. Jackson, Diary,

26.1.1906). Marshes near Deal, four, June 12, 1905 (Stockwell, Diary).
Deal*, seven, June 17, 1906 (Stockwell, Diary). Sandwich, one, June 4,
1911, in F. A. Small coll. (C.-H.); (E. & Y„ 1949).

5. Chevening, May 25, 1912, May 16, 24, June 1, 1914 (Gillett, Diary).
Biggin Hill (E, H. Wild); abundant May 17, 1952, and subsequently; full-
grown larvae plentiful in seed-heads of R. crista-galli, July 27, 1971 (C.-H.).

6. Cuxton (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 4: 229). Eynsford (W. A. Cope); (L. T.
Ford); (de Worms, loc. cit.). Shoreham (W. A. Cope); (S. F. P. Blyth);
several. May 21, 1933 (Kidner, Diary). Fawkham (E. J. Hare).

6a. Chattenden (Chaney, 1884-87).

7. Hills between Sittingbourne and Maidstone, “the fields are full of
E. alhulata” (1880) (Green, Young Nat., 1 (34): 267). Hollingbourne (H.
C. Huggins). Westwell (Scott, 1936).

8. Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870). Folkestone, “swarmed”, 1881
(Tugwell, Entomologist, 14: 215); 1892 (James, Entomologist, 26: 50);
plentiful, June 19, 1910, at the foot of downs (Bell, Ent. Rec., 22 : 175); (A.
M. Morley). Dover, 1883 (Coverdale, Entomologist, 16: 220); one. Elms
Vale Bank, June 30, 1903, two. Elm Vale Slopes, June 14, 1905 (Stockwell,
Diary); one, September 2, 1942, one. May 30, 1946 (B. O. C. Gardiner).
Deal*, Ewell Minnis; Whinless Down (E. & Y., 1949). Brook* (C. A. W.
Duffield).

10. Seal Chart, one, June 18, 1887 (Fenn, Diary). Sevenoaks, June 7,
1919 (Gillett, Diary). Brasted (R. M. Prideaux).

II. Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908). Ightham Mote, (Morgan, Lep. Tun-
bridge Wells Dist.).

12. Lenham (H. C. Huggins).

13. Pembury (see First Record). Goudhurst, two, 1955 (W. V. D. Bolt).
Bidborough (Morgan, Lep. Tunbridge Wells Dist.).

16. Folkestone, one in m.v. trap, June 1, 1952 (A. M. Morley).

First Record, 1859: Pembury, common (Stainton, Man., 2: 81).

P. flavofasciata Thunberg: Sandy Carpet.

Native. Woods, lanesides, railway banks, etc.; on Melandrium album.
1. Lewisham (see First Record) Noted in many parts of this division
since. Recently from: Shooters Hill Golf Course, one, June 11, 1947;
Footscray, one, June 15, 1947 (J. F. Burton). Lewisham, on railway banks
(D. F. Owen). Petts Wood, one, 1948, one, 1950 (E. Evans). Hartford, very
common among campion (B. K. West). Joydens Wood (de Worms, Lond.
Nat., 1956: 95). Well Shave Wood, West Wickham, larvae in seed-heads
of M, album, 1947, imagines reared May 1948; several imagines, June 30,
1954 (C.-H.). Bexley, 1952 (A. Heselden). Abbey Wood, 1953 (A. J.
Showier). Blackheath, fairly rare, at street lamps, 1955 (A. A. Allen).
Orpington, 1955 (L. W. Siggs). Bromley, two, June 16, 1959, one. June 16,
1965, one, August 15, 1966 (D. R. M. Long).

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LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

15/V/72

2. Dartford (B. K. West).

3. Bysing Wood (H. C. Huggins). Clangate Wood, Sturry, May 28 (4),
June 1 (4), 2 (1), 3 (1), 1932 (Busbridge, Diary). Ridgeway, July 25, 1933
(A. J. L. Bowes). Broad Oak, several. May 22, 1953 (C.-H.). Eddington,.
9, at light. May 26, 1953 (D. G. Marsh, Diary).

4. Ickham, one, c. 1956 (D. G. Marsh). Sandwich Bay, July 24, 1967
(T. W. Harman).

5. Green Street Green, 1898; Farnborough*, 1904 (W. Barnes, in Wool.
Surv., 1909). Farnborough* (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 95). Westerham
(R. C. Edwards). Downe (de Worms, loc. cit.). Chelsfield, 1950 (A. M.
& F. A. Swain). Andrew’s Wood, Shoreham, July 15, 1956 (C.-H.).

6. Shoreham (Carr, Entomologist, 33: 47). Eynsford (Adkin, Proc. S.
Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1891 : 122); (G. V. Bull). Gravesend (H. C.
Huggins). Pinden (E. J. Hare). Farningham Road, one, June 26, 1964;
Eynsford, one, July 14, 1964 (R. G. Chatelain).

6a. Darenth Wood (Leigh, Week. Ent., 2 : 134); one, June 6, 1925 (F. T.
Grant). Cobham, June 4, 1915 (F. T. Grant).

7. Faversham; Sittingbourne (H. C. Huggins). Westwell, June 3, 1950
(E. Scott).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Brook* (C. A. W. Duffield); 1954 (P.
Cue per E. Scott). Wye* (Scott, 1936). Chilham, June 10, 1951 (W. D.
Bowden). Dover, singletons. May 5, 11, 1945 (B. O. C. Gardiner).

9. Margate, common (H. C. Huggins).

10. Brasted, a few in garden (R. M. Prideaux).

11. Tonbridge (Raynor, Entomologist, 6: 74). Wateringbury; Yalding
(V.C.H., 1908). Edenbridge, 1933 (F. D. Greenwood). Sevenoaks Weald,,
one, June 21, 1960 (E. A. Sadler).

12. Kennington (Scott, 1936). Chartham (P. B. Wacher). Willes-
borough, two. May 25-30, 1954 (W. L. Rudland); one, 1957 (M. Singleton).
West Ashford, common in an alder wood. May 1960 (M. Enfield).

13. Tunbridge Wells (Knipe, 1916).

14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull).

16. Near Hythe, common (Morley, 1931). Folkestone, one, June 1951,
one. May 28, 1952 (A. M. Morley).

First Record, 1861 : Lewisham (Fenn, Diary).

P. didymata L.: Twin-spot Carpet.

Native. Woods, copses; foodplant unknown. “Locally common”
(V.C.H., 1908); to which I should add that in Kent it is mainly if not
entirely a woodland species, with seemingly a preference for those woods
that contain an abundance of Anemone nemorosa (C.-H.).

1. Dartford Heath ( Jenner, Week. Ent., 2 : 197). Bostall Wood, 1862;
Shooters Hill Wood, 1862; Eltham, 1864; Courtfield Wood, Erith, very
common. 1884 (Fenn, Lepidoptera Data MS.); “Lee” (C. Fenn, in Wool.
Surv., 1909), may refer. Bexley district, rare (Newman, in Wool. Surv.,
1909). Farnborough* (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley (Carr,
Entomologist, 32: 40, 34: 108); 1911 (Kidner, Diary); (B. K. West). Sidcup,
1910, 1926 (Kidner, Diary). Chislehurst (S. F. P. Blyth). West Wickham,
very common, 1926 (S. Wakely); 1950 (E. E. J. Trundell); plentiful in Well
Wood, 1948 and since; plentiful very locally in Spring Park, 1970 (C.-H.).

3. Bysing Wood, common (H. C. Huggins). Den Grove, Sturry, 1939-40,
abundant at dusk, July 13, 1941; Broad Oak, 1944 (C.-H.). Oldridge Wood

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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(J. A. Parry). Pine Wood, common (D. G. Marsh).

4. Minster, four beaten from bushes, etc., July 9, 1915 (H. G. Gomm,
Diary).

5. Chevening, July 12-21, 1913 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R. C.
Edwards). Holwood (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). High Elms, July
26, 1964 (R. G. Chatelain).

6. Shoreham* (Carr, Entomologist, 32: 40). Snodland*, 1908 (Ovenden,
Ent. Rec., 21 : 32). Birling, 1911; Vigo Hill, 1924; Clay Lane Wood, 1912
(F. T. Grant). Gravesend (H. C. Huggins). Pinden district* (E. J. Hare).

6a. Darenth, 1865 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.); (H. C. Huggins). Chatten-
den (FI. C. Huggins). Cobham Wood, 1912 (F. T. Grant).

7. Rochester district* (Chaney, 1884-87). Westwell (Scott, 1936).

8. Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870). Near Nonington, 1912 (J, W. C.
Hunt). Reinden Wood, abundant (Morley, 1931). Stowting; Brook*; Wye*
(C. A. W. Duffield). Coombe Wood, Dover, one, June 26, 1895 (Stockwell,
Diary). Alkham; Poulton; St. Radigund’s; Whitfield (E. & Y., 1949). Elham
Park Wood, three. July 6, 1926; Atchester Wood, 1931; Haddling Wood,
June 29, 1938 (Busbridge, Diary).

10. Near Westerham*, abundant (Stephens, Haust., 3: 214). Seal
Chart, very common, July 20, 1888 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.). Otford, not
uncommon in willow plantation, July 7, 1956 (A. A. Allen).

11. Harrietsham, 1840 (Stephens, Entomologist 1 : 200). Yalding (V.C.H.,
1908). Aylesl'ord (G. A. N. Davis).

12. Ham Street (Scott. 1936). Willesborough, 1956 (W. L. Rudland).
Potters Corner, common; West Ashford, common (M. Singleton, M. Enfield,
D. Youngs).

13. Tunbridge Wells district (Cox, Entomologist, 4 (62): ii). Tunbridge
Wells, 1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2: 229).

14. Hawkhurst, two, 1952 (B. G. Chatfield).

Variation. — The two sexes are quite dissimilar in appearance, and the
normal (S and 9 forms occurring in Kent seem to be represented by abs.
hrunnescens Lempke and lutescens Prout respectively, and the greyish
nymo-typical didymata is apparently absent.

The following are in RCK : — ab. flavescens Lempke, 5 9 9< Sevenoaks,
1892, one 9- Dover, 1909; ab. hrunnescens Lempke, 8 cTc?, Sevenoaks, 1892,
one (S , Dover, 1909.

First Record, 1830: “Kent” (Curtis, Br. Ent., 296).

P. sagittata Fabricius: Marsh Carpet.

Resident?

It is hard to account for the appearance of this moth in the Dover-
Folkestone area as there is no knowledge of any Thalictrum sp. there.
On the other hand its occurrence near Wye appears significant, since of
the few Kentish stations for Thalictrum flavum, several are located there-
abouts in the valley of the Stour. Indeed, the possibility that sagittata
may still persist there and to have been overlooked seems possible, for it
is well known that the species is subject to long periods of decline during
which it survives for many years at a low density level. The imago is
extraordinarily retiring moreover, and despite its very striking appear-
ance, is seldom seen in nature even in its most favoured haunts and
during its years of optimum larval abundance.

8. Near Folkestone*, one, taken a year or two previous to 1888 (Mayor,

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15/VIII/72

entomologist’s record, VOL. 84

Entomologist, 60: 209). Dover, one “was taken in a back garden of a
house in Maison Dieu Road, Dover, by myself in 1888” (Tulloch, Entom-
ologist, 60: 163); “one specimen at Dover in 1885, according to Mr Webb”
(V.C.H., 1908), probably refers to Tulloch’s capture, despite discrepant
dates (C.-H.).

12. Near Wye* (V.C.H., 1908).

First Published (A. C.) Record, 1908: Goss, in Victoria County History
of Kent, 1 : 192.

Eupithecia tenuiata Hiibner: Sallow Pug.

Native. Woods, carr; on sallow.

I. Shooters Hill (J. W. Tutt, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley district (L.
W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bromley, July 28 (1), 30 (1), August 2
(1), 1962; 1964 (8), with max. (3) on July 16; 1965 (1); July 3, 1966 (1) (D.
R. M. Long).

3. Wardwell Wood, larva; Bysing Wood, larva (H. C. Huggins). Pine
Wood; Hospital Wood; Church Wood, larvae abundant in sallow catkins
(J. A. Parry).

4. Ham Fen, one, July 3, 1960 (C.-H.).

6a. North Kent [Chattenden] (Tugwell, Entomologist, 8: 293). Chat-
tenden Roughs, rare (Chaney, 1883-87). Cobham. July 14. 1912 (F. T.
Grant).

7. Syndale Old Gravel Pit, imago (H. C. Huggins),

II. Hoads Wood, one bred, c. 1953 (P. Cue)f. Shipborne, imagines
emerged June 1969, from sallow catkins collected in the spring (G.
Haggett).

12. Ham Street (Scott, 1936); one, July 2, 1962 (de Worms, Entom-
ologist, 96 : 55); one, in Long Rope, July 28, 1962 (C.-H.).

14. Sandhurst, one in my coll, taken by G. V. Bull, June 26, 1946
(C.-H.).

15. Greatstone, two, July 23, 1963 (C.-H. and Wakely, Ent. Rec., 76 : 94).
First Record, 1861: Cox, Ent. week. Int., 10: 123. A more reliable

record, however, dates from 1875 : Tugwell, loc. cit.

E. inturbata Hiibner: Maple Pug.

Native. Wood borders, hedges, copses; on maple.

1. Bromley, August 8 (1), 10 (1), 16 (1), 1964, August 13 (1), 15 (1), 17
(1). 18 (1), 19 (1), 24 (1), 1965, August 12 (1), 25 (1), 1966 (D. R. M. Long).

4. Ickham, one, c. 1956 (D. G. Marsh)t.

5. Westerham, several, 1947 (R. C. Edwards)f. High Elms, larva on
maple (D. R. M. Long).

6. Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Fawkham, three, July 20, 1947 (G. Law)t-
Pinden, one, August 12, 1953 (E. J. Hare)f. Shoreham, two, August 26,
1956 (C.-H.). Farningham, larvae fairly common, 1958 (A. J. Showier).
Trottiscliffe (Wakely, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1962: 49).

6a. Chattenden, two larvae. May 25, 1962 (Showier, Ent. Rec., 74: 246).

7. Westwell, two at m.v.L, August 9, 1955 (C.-H.) Note: The record
in Scott (1964: 39) that I took larvae at Westwell, August 9, 1953, is mani-
festly erroneous (C.-H.).

8. Canterbury*, July 1864 (Piffard, in Ent. Ann., 1865: 113). Wye (C.
A. W. Duffield). Crundale, about 50 larvae beaten from maple, May 1947,
reared; Bridge, larvae, c. 1947 (J. A. Parry). Ewell Minnis (E. & Y., 1949).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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Brook, one, July 1959 (M. Singleton); a larva, June 3, 1968 (de Worms,
Entomologist, 102: 136). Chilham, numerous larvae beaten from maples,
May 29, 1971 (R. F. Birchenough, C.-H., P. & C. Renshaw).

11. Aylesford, two, 1955 (G. A. N. Davis)t-

16. Saltwood, six or seven, 1862 (Knaggs, Ent. mon. Mag., 2: 93;

Knaggs, 1870); Hythe (V.C.H., 1908), may refer. Sandling Park, about 36,
July 27-August 2, 1865. (Knaggs, Ent. mon. Mag., 2 : 93; Knaggs, 1870);
Folkesstone (V.C.H., 1908), may refer. West Hythe, one, July 23, 1947
(Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1947-48: 33). Saltwood, two,
July 23, 1947, one, July 21, 1949, several larvae. May 22, 1950 (A. M.
Morley).

First Notice, 1862 : Knaggs, Ent. mon. Mag., 2 : 93.

E. haworthiata Doubleday: Haworth’s Pug.

Native. Copses, wood-borders, hedges, gardens; on Clematis vitalba.
Frequent on the chalk in 5-8, 6a.

Note : This species may be readily recognised in the imaginal stage,
by the suffused pale reddish patch towards the base of the abdomen.

1. Old Park Wood, 1865; Bostall Wood, 1865; Hartford Heath, 1890
(Fenn, Diary). Forest Hill (Cansdale, Ent. Rec., 2: 69). Westcombe Park,
common in gardens (Tutt, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley (L. W. Newman,
in Wool. Surv., 1909); (L. T. Ford). Birch Wood (C. Fenn, in Wool Surv.,
1909). Sidcup, two, 1910, singletons 1913, 1920, 1922, 1931, larva, Septem-
ber 4, 1920 (Kidner, Diary). Dartford (B. K. West). Abbey Wood, 1957
(A. J. Showier). Blackheath, several, at m.v.l., 1959 (A. A. Allen).
Orpington, 1956 (Siggs, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1959: 124). Bromley,
1959 (1), 1960 (1), 1961 (2), 1964 (6), 1965 (1), 1966 (1), with earliest date
June 26, 1959 and 1960, latest date August 12, 1965, and maximum daily
total (2) July 20, 1963 (D. R. M. Long).

2. Cliffe* (VCH., 1908). Dartford (B. K. West).

9. Margate, many from C. vitalba growing in garden, 1932, 1933 (P. F.
Harris).

10. Sevenoaks, June 11, 1922 (Gillett, Diary).

12. Ham Street, one at light, July 1951 (C.-H.). Goldwell Quarry,
larvae common on C. vitalba, many bred (P. Cue MS.).

13. Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan).

15. Greatstone at m.vl., July 20 (1), 23 (1), 1963 (C.-H. and Wakely,
Ent. Rec., 76: 94). Boulderwall, Dungeness, July 1, 1966 (1) (R. E. Scott).

16. Folkestone (A. M. Morley).

First Record, 1862: Strood, July 27, 1862 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.).

E. plumbeolata Haworth: Lead-coloured Pug.

Native. Woods; on Melampyrum pratense.

1. West Wickham, one, June 1, two, June 29, 1861; Lee, June 12, 1861;
Browns Woods, one, July 11, 1885 (Fenn, Diary). Bostall Wood, 1862
(Fenn, Lep. Data MS.). Hayes, 1901 (Hewitt, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bex-
ley, 1926 (L. T. Ford); fairly common (B. K. West).

3. West Blean Wood. June 10, 1865 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.); one. May
29, two, June 2, 1866 (Fenn, Diary). Faversham* (Morris, Br. Moths, 1 :
225). Blean Woods (H. C. Huggins); two, June 11, 1934 (T. G. Edwards,
Diary)] many, July 7, 1957 (R. F. Bretherton). Great Hall Wood, one,
June 19, 1949; Thornden Wood, three, June 13, 1957; Church Wood, one,

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June 15, 1957 (C.-H.). Thornden Wood, eleven larvae on M. pratense,
August 4, 1962 (G. M, Haggett).

6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.).

6a. Between Dartford and Darenth Wood (see First Record). Darenth
Wood, May 31, 1863, May 20, 1865 (Fenn, Diary)-, common, 1902-1910 (H. C.
Huggins). Mark Oak Wood* (Chaney, 1883-87). Chattenden, one, June
18, 1884, three, June 20, 1891 (Fenn, Diary). [Chattenden] (Tugwell,
Entomologist, 8: 293); May 27, 1890; June 30, July 5, 1893, “undoubtedly
second brood” (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 1: 64, idem, 4: 249); 1908 (Ovenden, Ent.
Rec., 21 : 31).

8. Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870). Near Swingfield, c5', June 9, 1928
(Morley, 1931).

12. Ham Street, one, June 2, 1956 (R. C. Edwards); July 2, 1962 (de
Worms, Entomologist, 96: 55). Aldington, larvae on M. pratense, July
26, 1963, and in 1965 (P. Cue MS.).

14. Tenterden, common (Stainton, Man., 2: 85).

First Record, 1831 : “Found the end of May and beginning of June in
abundance in the lanes leading from Dartford to Darenth-wood” (Stephens,
Haust., 3 : 287).

E. abietaria Goeze: pini Retz. nec L.: togata Hubner: Cloaked Pug.

Suspected importation. Ornamental gardens.

1. Lee, 1861 (see First Record). Bexley District (L. W. Newman, in
Wool. Surv., 1909).

6. Rosherville Gardens. Gravesend, one (in 1871) (Button. Entom-
ologist, 5 : 393).

7. Sharsted, one, in 1925 or 1926 (H. C. Huggins).

[11. Marden (Morris, British Moths, 1 : 246). This is the basis for its
inclusion in Knipe (1916); however, it is questionable whether this record
refers to Kent as there is also a Marden in Herefordshire and a Marden in
Wiltshire (C.-H.).]

First Record, 1861 : At Lee in 1861, “we were surprised to take a
splendid specimen of this insect in Burnt-Ash Lane, on the 18th of June,
mothing” (C. & J. Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 10: 196).

E. linariata Denis & Schiffermuller: Toadflax Pug.

Native. Waysides, railway banks, waste places, etc.; on Linaria
vulgaris, “Antirrhinum”. Locally numerous and recorded from all divi-
sions (except 4, 10, 16), but doubtless overlooked and likely to occur
wherever L. vulgaris grows in any plenty.

The moth appears on the wing in June and early July, with appar-
ently a second generation in late August and September.

As might be expected from its name, the normal foodplant is Toad-
flax (L. vulgaris), and there are many records of the larva on this in
Kent; indeed, the species is most easily obtained by collecting the seed-
heads into a bag in September and examining them a few days later for
larvae. In addition to L. vulgaris, Cbaney (1883-87) states that in the
Rochester district it has occurred at New Brompton on Antirrhinum —
presumably the introduced A. majus commonly found in gardens (C.-H.).

Variation. — In RCK is ab. nigrofesciata Dietze, one, bred Bexley. June
1905.

First (Published) Record, 1825: Castle Hill, Dover, 1820 (Curtis, Br,
Ent., 64).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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E. pulcliellata Stephens: Foxglove Pug.

Native. Woods, shingle beach, waste places, etc.; on Digitalis purpurea.
Frequent and recorded from all divisions, except 2 and 4.

The moth is univoltine it seems, appearing on the Vv^ing from late May
to early August. In 1921, however, H. G. Gomm (Diary) found one at
rest on a wall at Margate on May 7, an exceptionally early date; and in
1907, A. R. Kidner (Diary) records taking one at Blackheath on September
9. perhaps a second generation example.

The species is especially plentiful at Dungeness, more so there it
seems than anywhere else in the county. On June 1, 1952, I counted some
eighty specimens there resting on the leeward side of a black hut (C.-H.);
on June 7, 1950, there were 76 inside a derelict house (E. C. Pelham-
Clinton); and on June 11, 1932, de Worms (Entomologist, SB : 50) saw the
moth in “swarms . . . flying round sallow bushes”. Wakely (Proc. S.
Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1955 : 78) records the larvae as plentiful at
Dungeness in flowers of D. purpurea on July 9 1955; and A. J. L. Bowes
' Diary) found the larvae abundantly there on this in August 1934.

Variation. — The following abs. are in R.C.K. : — guttata Cockayne.
I holotype, Lydd, August 3, 1937 (cf. Ent. Rec., 65: 167); reducta Bastelb.,
one, bred Kent, May 10, 1940, E. A. Cockayne; ab. “dull ochreous”, bred
Kent, May 18, 1940, E. A. Cockayne.

First Record, 1831: Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 280).

E. irriguata Hiibner: Marbled Pug.

Resident, now long extinct. Woods [on oak].

1. Birch Wood, rare (Stephens, Haust., 3: 290); larva found September
1841, imago bred April 29, 1842 (Douglas, Entomologist, 1 : 358).

6a. Darenth Wood, rare (Stephens, loc. cit.).

[8. Dover, in “woods” (Webb, 1891; Webb, 1899). Wanting confirmation
'C.-H.).].

[13. Tunbridge Wells* (M. M. Phipps in Knipe, 1916). Wanting confir-
mation (C.-H.).l.

First Record, 1831: Eupithecia variegata (Stephens, loc. cit.).

E. exiguata Hiibner: Mottled Pug.

Native. .Woods, hedgerows, bushy places; on hav^/thorn, oak.

1. West Wickham, three. May 1859 (Allchin, Ent. week Int., 8: 4);
common, June 1, 1861 (Fenn, Diary); May 22, 1949, June 2, 1954, 1957
'C.-H.). Lewisham, May 21, 1861; Blackheath Park June 4, 1861, very
common; Courtfleet Wood, Erith, June 13, 1884 (Fenn, Diary). Lee
I V.C.H., 1908). Kidbrook; Bexley; Eltham (Wool. Surv., 1909). Forest
Hill (Cansdale. Ent Rec., 2 : 69). Petts Wood, 1950 (E. Evans); frequently
(A. M. & F. A. Swain). Orpington, one, June 1958 (R. G. Chatelam).

2. Gravesend; Faversham (H. C. Huggins).

3. Broad Oak, May 22, 24. 1939, June 5, 1944 (C.-H.).

5. Farnborough*, com.mon (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Chels-
neid, one. May 24, 1950 (A. M. & F. A. Swain). High Elms, larva on
hawthorn (D. R. M. Long).

6. Fawkham Green, larva October 1930, imago emerged May 1931;
Ridley, larva. October 11, 1931, imago emerged May 1932 (A. R, Kidner,
Diary).

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6a. Darenth, larvae found feeding on oak (Machin, Entomologist, 4 :
128). Chattenden (Chaney, 1884-87); June 4, 1892 (Fenn, Diary). Graves-
end district* (H. C. Huggins).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). Westwell, common (Scott, 1936;
Scott, 1950).

8. Wye*; Brook* (Scott, 1950). Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870).
Dover district, “common in the woodlands” (E. & Y., 1949). Dover, a
few (B. O. Gardiner).

9. Thanet (H. C. Huggins). Birchington, June 10, 1952 (W. D. Bowden).

11. Hoads Wood, larva on hawthorn (Cue MS).

12. Flam Street (G. V. Bull); in Orlestone Woods, April 10, 24, 1939
(C.-H.); in Orlestone Woods, June 2, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton). Kingsnorth
(Scott, 1936). Ashford (P. Cue). Thanington, one, June 1, 1950 (R. Chees-
man)f. West Ashford, one, May 10, 1960, one. May 25, 1960 (M. Enfield).
Willesborough, one, 1959 (D. Youngs); one May 1960, one. June 1960
one, June 1961 (M. Singleton). Ashford, a larva, imago reared April
1961 (M. Singleton).

13. Tunbridge Wells* (Knipe, 1916). Goudhurst, one, 1959 (W. V. D
Bolt).

14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull).

16. Folkestone, one or two (A. M. Morley).

First Record, 1860: West Wickham (Allchin, Ent. week. Int., 8: 4).

E. insigniata Hiibner: consignata Borkhausen; Pinion-spotted Pug.
Resident, perhaps native. Old apple orchards; [on apple].

The species is widely distributed in Kent, but appears to be mainly
Wealden and very scarce. According to Barrett (Lcp. Br. Isles, 9: 35).
its apparent rarity in Britain “doubtless arises from its habit of keeping
about the tops of the apple-trees.”

1. Near Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust, 3: 290).

8. Wye, one, bred 1906, in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.).

10. Otford, one imago taken off an apple tree at the Bull Inn (L. W.
Newman teste W. A. Cope), nine in R. C. K. bred, Otford, May 1909, L
W. Newman (C.-H.).

11 Tonbridge, one April 23, 1871 (Raynor, Entomologist, 6: 79).

12. Ashford district, exhibited (Chittenden, Proc, S. Lond. nat. Hist
Soc., 1899: 107). “Mid. Kent” [?Ashford district], c? and 9 taken by
G. H. Heath, May 13, 1913 (Heath, Trans. Cy Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc-.
1912-13: 35). Willesborough, one in m.v.I. trap. May 22, 1955 (W. L. Rud-
land). Ashford Town, in garden, at m.v.I., two fresh, May 12, 1954, one
worn, June 11, 1956, one. May 8, 1958, one. May 9, 1961 (Cue MS.^ Cue.
Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1954-55: 23).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2 : 84).

14. Sandhurst, one. May 25, 1929, one. May 15, 1932, one May 16, 1932.
one, May 14, 1939 — all at light (G. V. Bull; Bull, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1935-36: 39). Wittersham, one taken by R. C. Tuely (Tweedie,
Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1962: 48).

First Record, 1831: Taken “near Birch-wood” (Stephens, Haust., 3:
290).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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E. valerianata Hiibner; Valerian Pug

Native. Damp woods; on Valeriana officinalis.

[6. Rochester district*, 1905, “in breeding cage’’ (Ovenden, Ent. Rec.,
18: 18).]

11. “Benenden 5.8.1946 G. V. Bull”, one so-labelled in my coll. (C.-H.),
Hoads Wood, about 12 larvae on flower heads of V officinalis, July 22
and August 2, 1958, from which I bred a single imago May 15, 1958, also
an Apanteles sp. parasite (C.-H.); larvae. July 1960 (Cue MS.).

12. Ham Street, one in RCK labelled: “Ham Street, bred 1950, G.
Haggett” (C.-H.).

First (Confirmed) Record, 1946: G. V. Bull.

[(E. pygmaeata Hiibner: Marsh Pug

Records almost certainly based on misidentification.

5. Chevening, May 3, 1912 (Gillett, Diary); in light trap, one, May 20.
1914, by F. Gillett (Prideaux, Entomologist, 47: 228).)]

E. venosata Fabricius: Netted Pug.

Native. Chalk downs and rough chalky places, Kentish rag quarries,
etc.; on Silene cucubalus.

1. [West Wickham], 1861 (Huckett, Ent. week. Int., 10: 115). West
Wickham, larvae on S. cucubalus, 1947, imagines reared (C.-H.); 1951 (E.
E. J. Trundell). Erith (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley district
(L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Wilmington (L. T. Ford). Orping-
ton, 1954 (L. W. Siggs).

2. Dartford Marshes, one, June 17, 1962, three at bladder campion
flowers. May 27, 1964 (B. K. West).

3. Oldridge Wood, larvae (J. A. Parry).

5. Farnborough* (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Chevening, larva
1911; June 8, 1912; May 21, June 6, 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R. C.
Edwards). Lullingstone (D. R. M. Long).

6. Greenhithe (Earn MS.). Otford (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1902; 50). Gravesend, on fences, one. May 24, 1912, one June
11, 1915 (F. T. Grant); (H. C. Huggins). Swanley, 1917 (Colthrup, Ent.
Rec., 30: 73). Shoreham (S. F. P. Blyth). Longfield, a few larvae, July
5, 1931 (Kidner, Diary), Eynsford (Jacobs, Proc. S. Lond. ent. Hist.
Soc., 1932-33: 89). Pinden; Horton Kirby (E. J. Hare). Otford and Farn-
ingham, larvae, July 6, 1958 (A. J. Showier)

6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 290); larva, July 12, 1903
(Kidner, Diary); (S. F. P. Blyth). Cobham Great Wood, one. May 23.
1868 (J. J. Walker MS.).

7. Faversham (see First Record). Darland Hill (Chaney, 1884-87).
Westwell (Scott, 1936).

8. Folkestone Warren, larvae on E. cucubalus (Knaggs, 1870). Dover
Cliffs, June 24, 1932; Ewell Minnis, June 5, 1933 (J. H. B. Lowe). Wye
(Scott, 1936). Brook (C. A. W. Duffield). Adisham, larvae on S', cucu-
balus, 1947 (C.-H.). Deal*, two, August 18. 1899 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary),
Dover, one, 1945 (B. O. C. Gardiner).

11. Tonbridge (Raynor, Entomologist, 6 : 79). Wateringbury (V.C.H.,
1908).

12. Great Chart, one, June 23, 1956, in Goldwell Quarry (C.-H.).

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First Record, 1799 : Phalaena decussata . . . “taken at Faversham by
Mr Crewe” (Donovan, Nat. Hist. Br. Ins., 8: 38).

E. centaureata Denis & Schiffermuller: Lime-speck Pug.

Native. Saltmarshes, woods, gardens, shingle beach, waste ground,
etc.; on Senecio jacobaea, Polygonum aviculare, Aster tripolium, Pim-
pinella major, Knautia arvensis, Peucedanum officinale, dahlia. Fre-
quent and recorded from all divisions except 7 (probably occurs).
“Generally common” (V.C.H. 1908).

The larva appears to be a fairly general feeder on the flowers of both
cultivated and wild plants. It has been recorded as having been found
on Senecio at Dungeness, September 24, 1955 (E, C. Pelham-Clinton); on
S. jacobaea at Chatham (Mathew, Entomologist, 23: 347); on Knautia
arvensis at Shoreham, and on dahlia at Littlestone (D. R. M. Long). J.
W. C. Hunt found it on “Scabious” [K. arvensisj at the North Foreland;
Edelsten (Entomologist, 78: 192) recorded finding it in numbers in the
Faversham district on Peucedanum officinale; and I have taken it on,
and in each case reared it from. Polygonum aviculare, Sharnal Street,
August 30, 1964, bred May 1965, on Aster tripolium, Seasalter, September
13, 1964, bred June 22, 1965, and on Pimpinella major. High Halstow.
October 20, 1968, bred June 1969 (C.-H.).

The moth is apparently bivoltine, first appearing on the wing in
May (usually during the latter half) and continuing throughout June
to about mid-July with what may be a partial second generation in
August and September. D. R. M. Long’s earliest date at Bromley is
May 13, 1961, his latest there September 22, 1965, with maximum daily
total six on June 22, 1961. H. G. Gomm (Diary) records taking an
Lmago in 1921 at Sarre on May 2, and in 1953, W. L. Rudland took one at
m.v. light as late as October 3.

Variation. — The following aberrations are in RCK. — centralisata
Stgr., one, Bickley, August 22, 1911, W. Rait-Smith; obscura Dietze, one,
Lewisham, 1901; ab. having “median shade developed”, one, Greenwich,
September 1890.

First Record, 1858 : Folkestone (Tompkins, Diary).

E. trisignaria Herrich-Schaffer: Triple-spotted Pug.

Native. Woods, wet copses; on Angelica sylvestris, Pastinaca sativa.

3. Blean, one or two larvae on A. sylvestris, imago reared (H. C.
Huggins).

5. Andrews Wood, Shoreham, one, July 15, 1956 (C.-H.).

6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.), Otford* (V.C.H. , 1908).

8. Wye district*, larvae plentiful on P. sativa (Reid, Ent. Rec., 20 : 13).

10. Sevenoaks* (V.C.H., 1908),

12. Brook (C. A. W. Duffield, in Scott, 1950); larvae on A. sylvestris,
1958 and 1959, an imago bred (Cue MS.).

First (Published) Record, 1908: Kent [Wye district], September 1907,
larvae “plentiful, though local, on Pastinaca sativa” (Reid, Ent. Rec., 20 :
13). Prout (Entomologist, 41 : 54) refers to P. C. Reid (in litt., 21. ix. 1907)
as having noticed that trisignaria “were on the larger and more rampant
plants along the edges of and just inside a copse.”

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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E. intricata Zetterstsdt ssp. arceuthata Freyer: Freyer’s Pug.

Resident. Gardens; foodplant unknown.

The species first appeared in Kent in 1951, since when it has occurred
regularly in a number of localities and may be increasing its distribution
yet.

I. Petts Wood, two, June 21, 1951, one. May 21, one. May 25, one, June
12, 1952 in A. M. & F. A. Swain coll. (C.-H.). West Wickham, three at
rn.v.L, May 25, 1952 (Chalmers-Hunt, Entomologist, 86: 55); one on fence.
May 1953, one on fence, June 7, 1957, three in m.v. trap, June 10-13, 1963,
one in m.v. trap, July 7, 1971 (C.-H.). Orpington, one, July 1955, one, June
1957, two, June 1958 (R. G. Chatelain). Bromley, in m.v. trap, June 22.
1963 (1), June 9 (1), 21 (1) 1966 (D. R. M. Long).

5. Westerham, two, July 3, 1951 (R. C. Edwards)t.

II. Aylesford, three, 1955, one, 1956, two, 1957 (G. A. N. Davis); are all
in my coll. (C.-H.).

12. Asihford Town, in garden, one, June 25, 1955, one, June 1956, four,
1957, one, 1958, one, 1959, two, 1962, one, 1963 (Cue MS.). West Ashford,
five at light, June 1960, one at light, June 1961 (M. Enfield)! Wilkes-
borough, one at light* July 1961 (M. Singleton)!.

13. Tunbridge Wells, two, c. 1955 (L. R. Tesch)!.

14. Goudhurst, one, 1958 (W. V. D. Bolt)!.

14. Goudhurst, one, 1958 (W. V. D. Bolt)!.

16. Folkestone, five in m.v. trap, June 22-August 16. 1956, one, 1959 (A.
M. Morley).

First (Published) Record, 1953: West Wickham (Chalmers-Hunt.

Entomologist, 86 : 55).

E. satyrata Htibner; Satyr Pug.

Native. Chalk downs, open woods; on Succisa pratensis.

1. Chislehurst, May 24, 1890 (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 1 : 64). Eltham (A. H.
Jones, in Wool. Surv., 1909). West Wickham, June 10, 1950 (R. F. Birch-
enough); 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell); one, June 19, 1963, one, July 4, 1971, both
in m.v. trap (C.-H.). Sparrow Common, Crofton, larva on flower-head of
S. pratensis taken by F. A. Swain, 1948, imago reared June 2, 1949, speci-
men in A. M. & F. A. Swain coll. (C.-H.); six larvae on flowers of S.
pratensis, August 9, 1963, from which three imagines reared (F. A. Swain);
four imagines, June 6, 1963 (C.-H.). Bromley, one at light, July 1, 1963
(D. R. M. Long).

5. Farnborough* (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Chevening, May 18.
29, 31, June 3, 1914, two. May 30, 1918 (Gillett, Diary). Halstead (R. E.
Frampton teste S. Wakely). Biggin Hill, three. May 17, 1952, two. May 20,
1953 (C.-H.); swarmed at dusk, June 4, 1954, 19 taken, but could have taken
many more (R. F. Birchenough).

6. Sevenoaks*, 1885, H. Vaughan, two, in BMNH (C.-H.). Shoreham*
May 26, 1890 (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 1 : 294). Strood*, larvae, 1904 (Ovenden
Ent. Rec., 10: 294). Cuxton, June 5, 1908 (Ent. Rec., 21: 32). Birling
Downs, June 15, 1912, May 29, 1915 (F. T. Grant).

6a. Chattenden, five, June 18, 1884; June 8, 1889 (Fenn, Diary); eight
bred, 1885 in R.C.K. (C.-H.); June 14, 1913 (F. T. Grant). Chattenden (Tutt.
Ent. Rec., 4: 229, 249). Cobham Woods, June 8, 1912 (F. T. Grant).

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7. Westwell, 1907, 1908, in R.C.K. (C.-H.). Chatham*, one, 1908, W.
Crocker, in R.C.K. (C-H.).

8. Folkestone (see First Record); three in BMNH, Folkestone, 1879, W.
Purdey (C.-H.). Brook (C. A. W. Duffield teste Scott, 1964).

Variation. — In R.C.K. are ab. caeca Dietze, one. North Kent, 1918, L.
W. Newman; ab. limhopunctata Dietze, two, Westwell, bred June 1907, L.
B. Prout.

First (Published) Record, 1880: Folkestone (Ullyett, Rambles of a
Naturalist Round Folkestone, 146).

E. absinthiata Clerck: Wormwood Pug.

Native. Woods, gardens, waste places, etc.; on Senecio jacobaea, Soli-
dago virgaurea, S. canadensis, Artemisia vulgaris, Achillea millefolium,
Aster tripolium. Frequent and recorded from all divisions, except 4
(probably present). “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908).

The principal foodplant in Kent seems to be S. jacobaea. I have taken
numerous larvae on this at Dungeness, and there are many records
of the finding of the larva on this plant at other localities in the county. I
have also found the larva on S. canadensis in my garden at West Wickham;
on A. vulgaris at Vauxhall near Canterbury; in numbers on S. virgaurea in
Blean Woods; on A. millefolium at Ramsgate, and in each case reared them
(C.-H.). Mathew (Entomologist, 25: 292) records finding the larvae at
Chatham on A. tripolium.

The moth appears to be regularly bivoltine, the first generation appear-
ing on the wing in late May and June and again in late July and August,
sometimes continuing into September.

Variation. — There is considerable variation in the degree of subterminal
pale spotting ranging from a continuous row in which they are joined to
form a line, to occasional total obsolescence except for the pale posterior
spot whidh is never absent in my experience. There is also much variation
in size, one that I bred from a larva on A. millefolium from Ramsgate
being exceptionally large with alar expanse 27mm. As regards ground
colour, a specimen in my coll, labelled “Tunbridge Wells, ll.viii.l914” is
pale whitish ochreous; and another which I took at Hailing, June 29, 1958,
is by contrast greyish purple-brown (C.-H.).

First Record, 1858: Folkestone, between July 24 and August 1, 1858
(H. Tompkins, Diary).

E. goosensiata Mabille: Ling Pug.

Native. Heaths; on Calluna vulgaris.

I. West Wickham (see First Record); four, June 1859 (Alldhin, Ent.
week. Int, 8: 4). Bostall Heath, July 17, 22, 1865, worn, August 4, 1866
(Fenn, Lep. Data MS.) St. Pauls Cray Common (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv.,
1909). Chislehurst, several, 1891, in R.C.K. (C.-H.); one, August 8, 1906,
four, August 4, 1909 (S. F. P. Blyth) Bexley district (L. W. Newman, in
Wool. Surv., 1909). Dartford (V.C.H., 1908). Hayes Common, larvae
abundant, October 8, 1919, September 29, 1920 (Kidner, Diary). Abbey
Wood, one, July 15, 1952 det. D. S. Fletcher (A. J. Showier).

6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.).

8. Kingsdown district (Shepherd, Entomologist, 17: 137).

II. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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12. Ham Street, one, August 5, 1936, taken by A. M. Morley (Scott, 1950).
Hothfield, one larva on C. vulgaris, September 9, 1961, reared June 16,
1962 (C.-H.).; three larvae August and September 1961, reared 1963 (Cue
MS.).

13. Tunbridge Wells (Knipe, 1916).

First Record, 1858: West Wickham (Stainton, Man., 2: 89).

E. assimilata Doubleday: Currant Pug.

Resident, perhaps native. Gardens, hop-fields; on Ribes nigrum,
Humulus lupus, probably also on R. rubrum agg.

Note : In the past, the larva was often troublesome in Kentish hop-
gardens where it destroyed the growing tips of shoots. However, it
appears that nowadays owing to modern methods, assimilata is less fre-
quent in hop-gardens.

1. Buckle & Prout iTrans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 70) state
that in the London area [in metropolitan Kent] it is “generally common in
gardens on red currant and hop”. Beckenham, 1863 (Leigh, Week. Ent., 2 :
118). Chislehurst (Cockerell, Entomologist, 18: 20). Sydenham, common c.
1888 (Sellon, Ent. Rec., 2: 164). Greenwich, on black currant (West, Ent.
Rec., 18: 199). Westcombe Park (J. W. Tutt, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Black-
heath; Lee (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley district (L. W. Newman,
in Wool. Surv., 1909). Eltham (V.C.H., 1908). Sidcup, larva, September 10,
1925; twelve larvae on currant, September 1936; larvae, September 26, 1937
(Kidner, Diary). Orpington 1957 (L. W. Siggs); three, August 1958 (R. G.
Chatelain). Bexley (L. T. Ford). Petts Wood, one, June 9, 1937, in A. M. &c

F. A. Swain coll. (C.-H.). Blackheath, apparently rare (A. A. Allen). Abbey
Wood, one, August 21, 1952, det. D. S. Fletcher (A. J. Showier). West
Wickham, one. May 25, 1952, gen. det. D. S. Fletcher (C.-H.); August
2(1), 8(2), 24(1) 1963 (R. F. Birchenough). Bromley, larva on R. nigrum
(D. R. M. Long).

2. Sheppey, one, July 10, 1869 (Walker MS.). Near Upnor*, not common.
May, August (Chaney, 1884-87).

3. Whitstable, one, 1948, one, 1949 (P. F. Harris)t.

5. Farnborough* (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Westerham (R. C.
Edwards). Downe (R. F. Birchenough, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1357:
139).

6. Greenhithei (Farn MS.). Gravesend (H. C. Huggins).

6a. Cobham, one. May 19, 1912 (F. T. Grant).

7. Sittingbourne (H. C. Huggins).

8. Dover (E. & Y., 1949).

9. Margate, one, August 30, 1950 (W. D. Bowden)f.

10. Sevenoaks, July 29, 1920, June 1, August 21, 1922 (Gillett, Diary).

11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Aylesford, two, 1955, gen. det. D. S. Fletcher
(G. A. N. Davis).

12. Ashford, one. in garden, c.1953 (P. Cue). West Ashford (M. Enfield).
Willesborough, one, 1959 (D. Youngs).

13. Tunbridge Wells (Knipe, 1916). Goudhurst, one, 1957 (W. V. D.
Bolt)t.

14. Sandhurst, one, August 1, 1939, one. May 30, one bred, August 1,
1948 (G. V. Bull); now in my coll. (C.-H.). Appledore (P. Cue MS.).

16. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Folkestone Town (A. M. Morley).

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Variation. — In R.C.K. is a “dark brown ground” ab., two. North Kent
1924, L. W. Newman.

First Record, 1863: Beckenham (Leigh, Week. Ent., 2: 118).

E. expallidata Doubleday: Bleached Pug.

Native. Woods; on Solidago virgaurea.

I. Plumstead (Clark, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist Soc., 1900: 69)
Farningham Wood, several larvae, September 29, 1929, larvae fairly plenti-
ful as follows: September 25, 1930, September 19, 1931, September 27, 1932,
September 30, 1933 (Kidner, Diary).

3. Blean, larva and imago (H. C. Huggins); (L. T. Ford). Thornden Wood,
swept one larva from S. virgaurea in a clearing among many larvae of E.
simulata, September 20, 1953, reared August 25, 1954 (C.-H.). Canterbury
(J. A. Parry). Littlebourne, one, August 8, 1955 (P. B. Wacher). East
Blean, larva on S. virgaurea seedheads, October 29, 1967 (Wakely, Ent.
Rec., 80: 127).

6. Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Shoreham, several, 1948 (H. E. Hammond).
6a. Darenth Wood, two, August 8, 1861, amongst ragwort (Fenn, Ent.
week. Int., 10: 196); two larvae, September 28, 1932 (Kidner, Diary). “Kent"
[Darenth Wood?]* (Allchin, Ent. week. Int., 8: 4); (Crewe, Ent. Ann., 1862
48).

8. Folkestone Warren, one (Knaggs, 1870). Covert Wood, larva (H. C
Huggins).

10. Sevenoaks, August 13, 1920 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham, larvae
(Ennis, Proc S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1932-33: 105); (S. F. P. Blyth).
Seal Chart (S. F. P. Blyth).

II. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Headcorn, three imagines at rest one
night on golden rod flowers, c. 1935 (W. A. Cope). Wateringbury, one.
1910, two bred 1911, in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.). Hoads Wood, one, c.
1953 (P. Cue). Sevenoaks Weald, one, August 17, 1960, at m.v,l. (E
Sadler).

12. Ham Street, a few flying, August 22, 1932 (de Worms, Entomologist
66: 106); sometimes common (Scott, 1936); one, August 27, 1954 (P. B.
Wacher); September 15, 1950 (R. C. Edwards); larvae in Orlestone Woods.
September 29, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton); an imago taken, Orlestone
Woods, September 8, 1962 (M. Singleton); August 14, 1965 (D. W. H.
ffennell).

13. Goudhurst, two ,19601 (W. V. D. Bolt).

16. Folkestone, one on fence in garden, August 18, 1957 (A. M. Mor-
ley).

First Record, 1860 : “Eupithecia pallidaria ... I possess specimens of
this insect bred from larvae found in Kent, by Mr Gorham, on Solidago
virgaurea” (M’Lachlan, Zoologist, 6944). Alternatively, we may cite for
the same date: Allchin, Ent. week. Int., 8:4.

E. vulgata Haworth: Common! Pug.

Native. Gardens, woods, etc.; on hawthorn, yarrow, Solidago
virgaurea, Heraclium sphondylium. Frequent and recorded from all
divisions except 4 and 7, but is doubtless present in both. “Generally
common” (V.C.H., 1908).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(99)

The moth which seems to be chiefly a garden insect, often occurs at
light and is occasionally found at rest on fences. Although the various
published local lists refer to it as being common to abundant, it is ap-
aparently seldom observed in large numbers. A. R. Kidner (Diary)
states that at Sidcup at the end of May 1910, it “swarmed at light etc.’’
but this seems to have been exceptional, and there are indications that
the species has become generally less numerous since. A. M. Morley (in
litt., 16.xii.l959) says that lin the Folkestone area although he has noted
it annually there since 1925, he has never seen many in a year, the most
he has had in one season being 15 and the most in one night 4. More
recently and from the opposite side of the county, we have D. R. M.
Long’s m.v. trap counts from his garden at Bromley as follows: 1959 (7),
1960 (7), 1961 (14), 1962 (13), 1963 (9), 1964 (24), 1965 (10), 1966 (14), with
earliest recorded appearance on April 18, 1961 and latest July 25, 1962.

D. R. M. Long records finding the larva on H. sphondylium and yarrow
at Bromley, on S. virgaurea at Ham Street, and on hawthorn at Shore-
ham.

Variation. — I have specimens approximating to ab. atropicta Dietze
from West Wickham where this appears to be the prevalent form (C.-H.)
In RCK is an ab. with ‘pale median area’’, one, Bexley, June 1907.

First Record, 1858 : Tenterden, common (Stainton, Man., 2 : 89).

E. tripunctaria Herrich-Schaffer: albipunctata Haworth: White-spotted
Pug.

Native. Woods, wet places; on Angelica sylvestris, Pastinaca saliva.

Obs. — Hammond & Smith (Ent. Gaz., 8: 188) record Litomastix sp. bred
from a larvae of E. tripunctaria found on wild parsnip, Folkstone, 1951.

I. Lee, August 23, September 5, 1862, August 26, 1864, August 14, 1885,
September 15, 1891 (Fenn, Diary); Halfway Street (Fenn, in Wool. Surv.,
1909), may refer. Eltham (V.C.H. 1908). Farnborough, 1890 (H. Alderson,
in Wool Surv., 1909). Petts Wood, larvae common on A. sylvestris (S. F.
P. Blyth); two or three imagines (E. Evans). Sidcup, August 3, 1911,
May 19, 1912, June 21, 1921, July 16, 1936 (Kidner, Diary). Bexley (L. T.
Ford). Crofton, larvae numerous from mid-September to mid-October
1963 in umbels of A. sylvestris, moths reared 1964; two moths beaten out
of rough herbage, April 29, (1965) (F. A. & Swain). Bromley, 1960 (2), 1961
(1), 1963 (4), 1964 (5), '1965 (4), 1966 (1), with earliest date May 13, 1964,
latest date August 28, 1965 and maximum daily total (2) August 2, 1964
iD. R. M. Long). West Wickham, occasionally at light (C.-H.).

3. Blean, larva (H. C. Huggins). Whitstable, one or two annually (P.

F. Harris). Broad Oak, one, August 5, 1951, one, August 13, 1955 (C.-H.).

5. Chevening, August 12. 1913 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R, C,
Edwards).

6. Birling Downs (F. T. Grant).

7. Westwell (Scott, 1950).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Ewell Minnis; St. Radigund’s: Bett-

shanger; Eastry; Whitfield (E. & Y., 1949).

10. Sevenoaks, August 19, 1922 (Gillett, Diary).

II. Mid Kent [Wateringbury]*, one bred July 1910, in E. Goodwin
coll. (C.-H.).

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LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

15/VI/75

12. Kingsnorth; Little Chart (Scott, 1936). Ham Street, larvae, August
30, 1947 (H. King); 1954 (E. J. Hare). Brook (C. A. W. Duffield); about 40
larvae on A. sylvestris, September 9, 1961, many of which parasitized
(G. M. Haggett and C.-H.). Ashford, larva in garden on A. sylvestris (P
Cue MS.). Chartham, one, August 15, 1954, one, August 16, 1955 (P. B.
Wacher). Wye, one August 7, 1953, two, August 11, 1956 (W. L. Rud-
land).

13. Tunbridge Wells (Moore, Entomologist, 5: 31). Penshurst (R. E. E,

Frampton teste S. Wakely).

14. Sandhurst, at light (G. V. Bull).

16. Folkestone (Morley, 1931); not rare in the town (A. M. Morley).
First Record, 1862 : “I have taken it (the larva) in Kent” (Crewe,
Ent. Ann., 1862: 39).

E. denotata Hiibner: Campanula Pug.

Native. Woods, field borders, hedgebanks; on Campanula trachelium
2. Stone*, three, “Stone, Kent, 9.1895”, in my coll. (C.-H.). [Sheppey.
one, April (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 9: 163), would appear to be er-
roneous (C.-H.)]

5. Mildmay Forest, Shoreham, four ova and one larva on C. trachelium
August 5, 1962 (D. R. M. Long).

6. Kemsing (Carrington, Entomologist, 13: 77). Greenhithe (Farm MS.)

Wrotham, larvae, August 1947 and 1950 (W. A. Cope); several hundred
larvae in seed-heads of C. trachelium, September 20, 1953 (C.-H.). Trot-
tiscliffe, August 25, 1962, small larvae on C. trachelium (Massee, Proc.
S. Lond. Ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1962: 100).

6a. Darenth Wood, larva, September 22, 1888 (Fenn, Diary).

7. Wigmore Wood, rare (Chaney, 1884-87). Westwell, one bred, July
17, 1907, J. E. Gardner, in BMNH (C.-H.); (Scott, 1936); larvae, 1961 (P,
Cue).

8. Folkestone Warren, the “larva feeds in Canterbury Bell” (Knaggs,
1870). Betteshanger (Webb, 1891). Folkestone, five, bred 1905, in BMNH
(C.-H.). Lower Hardres, larvae 1952, reared June 4-6, 1953 (D. G. Marsh)

First Record, 1870: Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, loc cit.)

E. subfuscata Haworth: castigata Hiibner: Grey Pug.

Native. Woods, gardens, waste places, etc.; on Senecio jacobaea. Soli-
dago virgaurea, Galeopsis tetrahit. Frequent and recorded from all
divisions except 15 (probably occurs).

Gillett (Diary) and S. F. P. Blyth took the larva on S. jacobaea at
Chevening and Chislehurst respectively and reared them; Jacobs (Proc
S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1954-55: 95) records the larva at Westerham
on G. tetrahit; and at West Blean Wood, on September 20, 1953, I swept
many Eupithecia larvae from S. virgaurea, most of which were E. sub-
fuscata and reared them (C.-H.).

Variation. — One that I have taken. West Wickham, 1949, and another
taken Ham Street, 1951, appear referable to ab. obscurissima Prout (C.-
H.).

First Record, 1859 : West Wickham (Barrett, Ent. week. Int., 7 : 75)

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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E. icterata Villers ssp. subfulvata Haworth; Tawny-speckled Pug.

Native. Waysides, commons, railway banks, waste places, etc., on
Achillea millefolium.

1. Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 288). Darford Heath (Jenner,
Week. Ent., 2 : 197). Plumstead; Charlton; Lee; Eltham; Bexley dist
(Wool. Surv., 1909). Chislehurst, common (S. F. P. Blyth). Sidcup, 1909
(2), July 31, 1910 (1), 1911 (2), 1912 (1), October 3, 1920 (2 larvae), August
8, 1921 (1), October 7, 1923 (2 larvae), October 5, 1924 (2 larvae), July 19,
1925 (1), September 1925 (several larvae) September 1927 (larvae fairly
plentiful), August 3, 1929 (1), August 2, 1931 (1), August 5, 1938 (1), August
24, 1939 (1) (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Bexley (L. T. Ford). Petts Wood, one
or two annually, c. 1946 (E. Evans), 1949, frequent (A. M. & F. A. Swain)
Orpington, 1948-53 (L. W. Siggs). West Wickham, 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell)
Dartford, common (B. K. West). Abbey Wood, 1951-52 (A. J. Showier).
Blackheath, 1959, at m.v.l. and mint flowers at night (A. A. Allen). Brom-
ley, 1959 (5), 1960 (14), 1961 (15), 1962 (15), 1963, (16), 1964 (43), 1965
(34), 1966 (13), with earliest date July 3, 1963, latest date October 3, 1962
(D. R. M. Long).

2. Gillingham, uncommon; New Brompton (Chaney, 1883-87). Faver-
sham (H. C. Huggins). Abbey Wood and Plumstead Marshes, larva
common on yarrow, October 21, 1951 (J. F. Burton).

3. Herne Bay, at light August 11, 1935, August 12, 1939 (A. J. L. Bowes)

4. Sandwich, larva on yarrow, September 24, 1949 (C.-H.).

5. Farnborough*, not common, 1904 (Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909)
Chevening, July 22, 1914 August 10, 1918 (Gillet, Diary). Westerharr.
(R. C. Edwards).

6. Gravesend (H. C. Huggins); two at street lamps (F. T. Grant)
Pinden (E. J. Hare).

6a. Darenth (Stephens, loc. cit.).

7. Faversham (H. C. Huggins). Westwell (Scott, 1936); at light (G. V
Bull).

8. Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870). St Margaret’s Bay, 1890 (Fenn
Ent. Rec., 1 : 204). Elham (W. E. Busbridge). Brook* (C. A. W. Dui-
field). Wye* (Scott, 1950). Betteshanger; Ewell Minnis; St. Radigund's
Whitfield (E. & Y., 1949). Waltham, 1951 (J. W. C. Hunt).

9. Birchington, occasionally at light, 1926-33 (C.-H.). Margate (H. C
Huggins); one, July 28, 1951 (W. D. Bowden).

10. Sevenoaks, July 23, 1920, August 8, 1922 (Gillett, Diary); (W. E
Busbridge).

11. Tonbridge (Raynor, Entomologist, 6: 79). Yalding (V.C.H., 1908)
Edenbridge, 1930 (F. D. Greenwood).

12 Near Hothfield (Scott, 1936). Ashford, frequent at light in garden
(P. Cue MS.). Willesborough, four, July 21-August 22, 1954, ten July 20-
August 27, 1955, eleven, July 21-August 20, 1956; Wye, seven, August 4-
12, 1953, five, July 24-September 4, 1956 (W. L. Rudland).

13. Tunbridge Wells* (M. M. Phipps, in Knipe, 1916). [Pembury
(Stainton, Man., 2: 85), may refer to E. succenturiata L. (q.v.)]

14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull).

16. Folkestone (A. M. Morley).

First Record 1831 ; Darenth and Birch Woods, occasionally (Stephens,
Haust., 3: 228)

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

15/VI/73

{102}

E. succenturiata L.: Bordered Pug.

Native. Waysides, waste places, etc.; on Artemisia vulgaris, A.
absinthium,

1. Lee (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Eltham (A. H. Jones, in Wool.
Surv., 1909). Bexley district, common (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv.,
1909). Brockley (W. West, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Sidcup, July 8, 1915,
larva, September 1925, two, June 23- July 12, 1927, one on fence, June 17,
1933, three at light, June 1935, two at light, June 1936, one on fence,
July 9, 1936, one on fence, July 5, 1938 (Kidner, Diary). Petts Wood,
several annually, c. 1950 (E. Evans). Dartford (B. K. West). Orpington,
1949, 1953 (L. W. Siggs); (R. G. Chatelain). Petts Wood, 1950 (A. M. &

F. A. Swain). West Wickham, 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell). Abbey Wood,
1952; Woolwich, 1954 (A. J. Showier). Blackheath, street lamps and at
m.v.l., 1959; Charlton, a pair amongst mugwort (A. A. Allen).

2. Sheppey, 1872 (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 163). Faversham (H.

C. Huggins). Dartford Marshes, a larva on A. absinthium, September 15,
1963 (C.-H.).

3. Ridgway, August 4, 1929 (A. J. L. Bowes). Herne Bay, occasionally
(D. G. Marsh). Broad Oak, at light, June 5 (1), July 1 (2), 20 (3), 30 (2),
1946, July 22 (1), 1949 (C.-H.).

4. Sandwich Bay, July 24, 1967. one at m.v.l., August 9, 1969 (T. W.
Harman).

5. Farnborough* (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Westerham (R. C.
Edwards). Chelsfield*, 1950 (A. M. & F. A. Swain).

6. Gravesend (H. C. Huggins); July 14, 1914, June 30, 1926 (F. T.
Grant). Pinden, uncommon (E. J. Hare). Eynsford, larvae (S. F. P.
Blyth).

6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 288); 1870 (Standish, Entom-
ologist, 5: 147).

7. Sittingbourne (H. C. Huggins). Westwell, one, July 22, 1946 (Bull,
Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1946-47: 168); annually since 1946

Scott, 1946).

8. Folkestone Warren, not common (Knaggs, 1870). Brook* (C. A. W.
Duffield). Betteshanger, July 6, 1957 (R. F. Bretherton).

9. Birchington, occasionally at light, 1926-32 (C.-H.). Margate (H. C.
Huggins).

11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Sevenoaks Weald, four at m.v.l., July 31,
August 1, 6, 1959, one, June 30, 1960 (E. A. Sadler).

12. Ashford, frequent at light in garden (P. Cue). Vauxhall, Canter-
bury, larvae beaten from A. vulgaris, August 30, 1959 (C.-H.). W. Ash-
ford, common (M. Enfield). Willesborough, 1959 (3), 1960 (1) (M. Single-
ton).

13. [Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2 : 85), may refer to E. icterata ssp.
subfulvata or to E. succenturiata, or to both, since Stainton Hoc. cit.)
included both species under succenturiata}. Goudhurst, two, 1957 (W. V.

D. Bolt).

15. Dymchurch, one, July 24, 1933 (R. C. Crewdson teste A. M. Morley);
one, 1952 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 65: 43). Lydd, larvae, September 30, 1956
(R. F. Bretherton); August 1965 (D. W. H. ffennell). Boulderwall, Dunge-
ness, July 16, 1966 (R. E. Scott).

16. Folkestone Town, plentiful (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — In RCK are the following abs. : — piperata Steph., one,

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

ao3)

Bromley, bred ex larva 1929, B. H. Armstrong, one, Bromley, July 17,
1931, B. H. Armstrong; disparata Hiibner, one. Bromley, bred ex larva
1929, B. H. Armstrong.

First Record, 1831 : Darenth Wood (Stephens, loc. cit).

E. subiimbrata Denis & Schiffermuller: scabiosata Borkhausen; Shaded
Pug.

Native. Chalk downs, salt marshes, rough fields, flowery banks, etc.;
on “Scabious” [Scabiosa succisa], Pastinaca sativa, Senecio jacohaea.

1. Bexley district (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Petts Wood,
1948 (A. M. Swain, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1957: 147). West Wickham,
1950 (E. E. J. Trundell in de Worms, loc. cit.). Bromley, one at m.v.L, July
10, 1966 (D. R. M. Long).

2. Royal Oak, Sheppey, two, June 6, 1868 (J. J. Walker MS.) Sheerness,
common (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 184; idem, Ent. mon. Mag., 9: 163),
1873 (Hodgson, Ent. mon. Mag., 10: 180). Chatham* (Mathew, Entomologist,
25 : 292); 1899 (Ash, Ent. Rec., 11: 273). Strood*, larvae (Ovenden, Ent.
Rec., 16: 294). Kingsferry, two, June 26, 1949 (C.-.H.).

3. Herne Bay (Boyd, Ent. mon. Mag., 5 : 147); larvae, July 1868 (Vaughan,
Ent. Ann., 1869: 140) Chelsfield; Whitstable (P. F. Harris). Eddington
(D. G. Marsh).

4. [Wingham]*, a larva on S. jacobaea, reared (Hammond, Entomologisi.

2 : 94).

5. Chevening, May 23, June 1, 1914, two, June 17, 1916 (Gillett, Diary).
Chelsfield (S. F. P. Blyth). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). Biggin Hill, one
May 17, 1952 (C.-H.).

6. Eynsford, common (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1891 :
122). Shoreham* (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 1 :64). Cuxton (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 4:229),
1908 (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 21 : 32). Otford (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1902:50). Gravesend (H. C. Huggins). Farningham, June 7
1932, larva, July 11, 1933 (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Pinden (E. J. Hare).

7. Sittingbourne (H. C Huggins). Westwell (Scott, 1936); 1948, 1954 (E.
Scott).

8. Folkestone Warren, common (Knaggs, 1870); six, June 21, 1949 (C.-H.).
Dover (Coverdale, Entomologist, 16: 220); “all around” Dover (Webb, 1891);
common, June 24, 1932 (J. H. B. Lowe). Ewell Minnis; Whinless Down
(E. & Y., 1949). Kent [?Wye]*, imagines bred from P. sativa (Reid, Ent.
Rec., 21 : 57). Wye Crown, June 9, 1934, June 10, 1939; a larva swept from^
Scabious, August 1931 and reared (A. J. L. Bowes); numerous at dusk
including a pair in cop. May 28, 1949, one. May 30, 1953 (C.-H.). Brook,
larvae (P. Cue). Chilham Downs, June 10, 1951 (W. D. Bowden).

9. Margate, June 28, 1951; St Peters, one, June 17, 1957 (W. D. Bowdenn
12. Ashford Warren, one, June 1, 1960 (M. Enfield). Ham Street, July 2,

1962 (de Worms, Entomologist, 96 : 55). Hothfield Bog, one, July 4, 1963
(M. Singleton).

16. Folkestone Town, a few (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — In RCK are the following aberrations: — ahrutaria H.-S.,
two, Folkestone, 1904; ohscurata Lempke, two, Wye, 1908. L. B. Prout;
impuncta Lempke, two, Herne Bay, bred 1909, L. B. Prout; ab. with
“median area feebly marked”, one. Herne, Bay, bred 1909. J. E. Gardner.

entomologist’s record, VOL. 85 15/XI/73

First Notice, 1868: Royal Oak, Sheppey, June 6, 1868 (J. J. Walker
MS.).

E. miliefoliata Rossler: Yarrow Pug.

Resident, perhaps native. Coastal waysides, maritime shingle beach,
sandhills and waste places by the sea; on Achillea millefolium.

2. Stoke Saltings, larvae on A. millefolium, September 20, 1962, reared
June 14-16, 1963 (C.-H.).

3. Herne Bay, one, August 3, 1951 (D. G. Marsh). Broad Oak, one at
m.v.l., June 14, 1952 (C.-H., Ent. Rec., 63: 217).

4. Sandwich, one, July 15, 1939 (Richardson, Entomologist, 82 : 72; idem,
Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1949-50: 41; idem, Ent. Gaz., 3: 104); one
in RCK, August 16, 1939, A. J. L. Bowes (C.-H.); larvae on A. millefolium,
September 16, 1971 (C.-H.). Ickham, one at light, 1957 (D. G. Marsh).

8. Folkestone, October 7, 1951, seven larvae on Dover Hill, five larvae
at Capel, all found by G. Haggett( A. M. Morley).

9. Ramsgate, larvae collected with A. millefolium by A. H. Lanfear,
autumn 1947, imagines reared (Wakely, Entomologist, 82 : 139; idem;, Proc.

S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1949-50: 3); from A. millefolium I beat 22 full-
grown larvae, September 20, 1953 (C.-H.).

11. East Mailing, one, 1951 1; Aylesford, one, 1951 1, three, 1952-53t (G
A. N. Davis).

12. Ham Street, $, August 7, 1933 (de Worms, Ent. Rec., 64: 53; idem,
Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1951-52: 49); 9, at m.v.l., July 30, 1951
<(C.-H., Ent. Rec., 63: 217). Willesborough, one at light, July 1959 (M.
Singleton).

15. Hythe Rifle Range, 43 larvae, September 18-30, 1950 (Morley, Proc.
S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1950-51 : 36). Dungeness, two at m.v.l., August
3, 1951 (C.-H.).; 1952 (Kettlewell, Ent. Rec., 65: 305); larvae plentiful, 1955
(de Worms, Entomologist, 88: 95; Bretherton, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1956: 21); a few larvae, September 24, 1955 (E. C. Pelham-Clinton);
few larvae, September 29, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton); 1957 (Wakely, Proc. S.
Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1957: 15). Greatstone, 1963 (Wakely and C.-H.,
Ent. Rec., 76: 94). Lydd, larvae half-grown, September 28, 1966 (de Worms,
Entomologist, 100: 103).

16. Folkestone, three larvae, October 5-22, 1950, by A. M. Morley (de
Worms, Entomologist, 84: 153); three moths, 1951 (Morley, Ent. Rec., 64:
174); larvae, October 4, 1953 (de Worms, Ent. Rec., 65 : 328); larvae scarce,
1957-58, owing to reduction of the foodplant (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — In RCK is ab. uniformis Dietze, one. Sandwich Bay, bred
July 13, 1950, E. A. Cockayne.

First (Published) Record, 1949: Pegwell Bay near Ramsgate (Wakely,
Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1949-50: 3). The species was first found
in Britain at Ham Street in 1933, however, but the specimen taken was not
identified until many years later (cf. de Worms, supra).

E. simpliciata Haworth: subnotata Hubner: Plain Pug.

Native. Salt-marshes, river banks, waste ground, derelict sites; on
Chenopodium, Atriplex. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908); but the
records show it to be fairly local (C.-H.).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(105)

1. “Met with the larva in some plenty in waste ground near Bexley”
(Harpur Crewe, Ent. Ann., 1861 : 138). Lewisham district, not scarce on
palings (Fenn, Ent. week. Int, 10: 196); Lee and Blackheath areas, July 14,
1861 (Fenn, Diary), may refer. Westcombe Park; Bexley district, abundant
>Wool. Surv., 1909), Bexley, 1900 (Carr, Entomologist, 34: 108); several
annually, 1966-68 (D. O’Keeffe). Chiselhurst, common (S. F. P. Blyth).
Sidcup, one, July 15, 1910, one, August 3, 1912, one at light, July 17, 1928,
four at light, July 1935, July 10(1), 17, 1936, three, 1937, two, 1938, one
August 13, 1939 (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Petts Wood, July 12(1), 14(1), 18(1),
1937, common 1948; St. Mary Cray, one, August 20, 1948 (A. M. & F. A.
Swain). Orpington, 1948 (L. W. Siggs); one, July 1955, one, August 1956
(R. G. Chatelain). West Wickham, 1951 (E. E. J. Tundell); July 24(1), 30(1),
August 1(1), 2(1), 1963 (R. F. Birchenough). Abbey Wood, 1952 (A. J.
Showier). Blackheath, two at m.v.l., 1959 (A. A. Allen), Bromley, one,
1963, three, 1965, three, 1966 (D. R. M. Long).

2. Sheerness, two, June 24-25, 1868 (J. J. Walker MS.). Near Sheerness,
1871, abundant among Chenopodium, also at rest on fences, etc. (Walker,
Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 184). Chatham, larvae on Chenopodium and Atriplex
• Mathew, Entomologist, 23: 347), Gravesend, very common, July 11, 1865
(Fenn, Diary). Gravesend; Sittingbourne; Faversham (H. C. Huggins).
Greenwich Marshes; Plumstead Marshes (J. W. Tutt, in Wool. Surv., 1909).
New Brompton (Chaney, 1884-87). Marshes near Strood, a few larvae on
Chenopodium, July 26, 1908 (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 21 : 33). Sheppey, July
23, 1935 (J. H. B. Lowe). Stoke Saltings, two, August 1, 1962; Kingsferry,
June 26, 1949 (C.-H.).

3. Herne Bay, July 25, 1933, August 2, 1934, July 21, 1935 (A. J. L.
Bowes). Den Grove, Sturry, one, 1936; Broad Oak, one, July 18, 1944, one,
August 5, 1951 (C.-H.).

4. Deal, July 22, 1891 (Fenn, Ent. Rec., 2: 203-204); one, July 28, 1891,
one, August 6, 1892 (Fenn, Diary). Westbere, one, July 24, 1946 (C.-H.).

5. Farnborough*, occasionally (H. Alderson, in Wool. Surv., 1909).

6. Gravesend, June 24, 1911 (F. T. Grant). Pinden (E. J. Hare).

6a. Near Darenth Wood (see First Record). Chattenden Roughs
(Chaney, 1884-87).

8. Elms Vale, Dover, one, July 12, 1905 (Stockwell, Diary). Whinless
Down (E. & Y., 1949).

9. Cliftonville, one, 1950; North Foreland, one, 1950; Margate, one, July
29, 1955 (W. D. Bowden).

11. Tonbridge (Raynor, Entomologist, 6: 79). *

12. Canterbury City, larva and imago (J. A. Parry). Ashford (Scott,
1936). Brook* (Scott, 1950).

13. Tunbridge Wells* (Knipe, 1916).

14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull).

15. Dungeness, one, July 26, 1935 (A. M. Morley).

16. Folkestone (Knaggs, 1870); one or two taken in the town (A. M.
Morley).

Variation. — In RCK are the following named abs. : — hrunnea Lempke,
one, Brockley; variegata Lempke, one, Sheppey.

First Record, 1831: “Very abundant near Darenth Wood” (Stephens,
Haust., 3 : 287).

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15/XI/73

E. indigata Hiibner: Ochreous Pug.

Resident, perhaps native.; [on Pinus sylvestris^

I. Birch Wood (see First Record). Dartford*, two April 1859 (Allchin,
Ent. week. Int., 8: 4). Dartford Heath, two, June 15, 1876 (Fenn, Diary).
West Wickham Wood, April 21, 1863 (Fenn, Diary); 1867 (Barrett, Ento-
mologist, 3: 330); scarce amongst Scotch fir (1889) (Sheldon, Ent. Rec.,
1 : 70). West Wickham, one in m.v. trap, June 1, 1963 (C.-H.). Forest Hill
(Cansdale, Ent. Rec., 2 : 69). Bostall and Abbey Woods, on pine trunks.
May 11-15, 1863 (21), May 7-16, 1865 (40) (Fenn, Diary). Plumstead
(V.C.H., 1908). Frith, one, May 17, one, June 8, 1884; Pauls Cray Com-
mon, one June 7, 1890 (Fenn, Diary). Orpington, one. May 1953 (R. G.
Chatelain); one, May 13, 1954, one, 1955 (L. W. Siggs). Bromley, at m. v. 1.
1960 (4), 1962 (1), 1963 (1), 1964 (3), 1965 (2), 1966 (2); earliest date May
13, 1964, latest date July 1, 1962, with maximum numbers (2) on May 26.
1960 and May 16, 1965 (D. R. M. Long).

3. Blean, one. May 28, 1903, one. May 15, 1905, in J. P. Barrett coll.
(C.-H.). Oldbridge Wood, c. 1946 ( J. A. Parry). West Blean Wood, one, June
15, 1950 (W. D. Bowden).

5. Meanfield Wood, one. May 30, 1955 (R. G. Chatelain).

6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). Eynsford, one. May 18. 1934, B. H. Arm-
strong, in RCK (C.-H.).

7. Westwell (Scott, 1936).

8. West Wood, one. May 19, 1953 (A. M. Morley).

10. Seal Chart, one, June 18, 1887 (Fenn, Diary). Sevenoaks (V.C.H..
1908).

II. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908).

12. West Ashford, one at light. May 18, 1960 (M. Enfield). Ashford
Town, one in garden. May 8, 1961 (P. Cue MS.).

13. Tunbridge Wells* (Knipe, 1916).

First Record, 1851 : Birch Wood (Douglas, Zoologist, 3247).

E. pimpinellata Hiibner: Pimpinel Pug.

Native. Chalk downs, rough chalky places; on Pimpinella saxifrage.
1. Wilmington*, a larva, October 5, 1910 (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Or-
pington, one, 1955, one, 1956 one, 1957 (R. G. Chatelain). Bromley, one.
August 18 1960, one, August 17, 1961, both in m.v. trap (D. R. M. Long).

4. Ham Marshes, one, June 9, 1891 (Fenn, Diary); numerous, bred 1905
(J. P. Barrett coll.). Note: The locality was probably the rough chalky
hold adjoining the fen (C.-H.).

5. Biggin Hill, about 12 larvae, October 13, 1957; Shoreham, two larvae
October 13, 1957 (A. J. Showier).

6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). Birling, 1903-06, odd ones kicked up from

the grass (H, C. Huggins). Eynsford, one larva, October 13, 1957;

Wrotham, one larva, October 19, 1958 (A. J. Showier).

7. Westwell, one at light, August 9, 1955 (C.-H.).

8. Folkestone. — Warren, scarce in spring (Knaggs, 1870); one, Wind-
gate Hill, August 11, 1936, one, August 3, 1937, 17 larvae on the downs.
August 31-September 4, 1937 (A. M. Morley); the Well between Sugar-
loaf and Middle Hill, 14 larvae on P. saxifraga growing on the shaded
parts of the down, September 12, 1953, imagines bred August 1954, larvae
locally plentiful with four on one plant, September 18, 1955 (C.-H.).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(107)

Deal* (Morris, Br. Moths, 1 ; 232). Near Walmer, one, August 21, 1888
(Fenn, Diary). Downs between St. Margaret’s Bay and Kingsdown, one.
August 16, 1890 (Fenn, Ent Rec., 1: 204). Kent [?Wye district]*, larvae.
September 1907 (Reid, Ent. Rec., 20 : 13). Betteshanger, not common (E.
& Y., 1949). Brook, larvae on P. saxijraga, September 1960 (P. Cue MS».
16. Folkestone Town, 1946-47 (2), 1954 (2), 1955 (3) (A. M. Morley).
First Record, 1870 : Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, List of Butterflies
and Moths occurring in the neighbourhood of Folkestone, 18).

E. nanata Hiibner ssp. angusta Prout: Narrow-winged Pug.

Native. Heaths, commons, woods; on Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix.
Probably casual in 2.

1. Birch Wood vicinity, not uncommon (Stephens, Haust., 3: 289>.
West Wickham, (^ , May 14, 1860 (H. Tompkins, Diary); one, June 29, 1861
(Fenn, Diary); reported at Haggerstone Entomological Soc. as having been
taken (in 1887) (Russell, Young Nat., 8; 114). Lee, one on a lamp, August
23, 1862; Paul’s Cray Common, one, August 3, 1887, two, August 11, 1891,
one, July 15, 1893 (Fenn, Diary). Chislehurst, common, 1907-09 (S. F. P.
Blyth). Bexley district, abundant (L. W. Newman, in Wool, Surv., 1909).
Dartford Heath, c. 1862 (Jenner, Week Ent., 2 : 197); August 8, 1891 (Fenn.
Diary); still there (L. T. Ford, in litt., x.1952). Plumstead (W. West, in
Wool. Surv., 1909). Bostall Heath (H. J. Turner, in Wool. Surv., 1909).
Abbey Wood, one at m.v.l., 1954 (A. J. Showier). Farnborough; Keston
Com.mon (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Keston, three. May 9-15.
1947 (D. F. Owen). Hayes Comimon. larvae plentiful, October 8, 1919.
larvae fairly plentiful, September 29, 1920 (A. R. Kidner, Diary); one
May 9, 1947 (D. F. Owen). Elmstead Wood, frequent, 1948 (J. F. Burton).
Orpington, one, September 18, 1956, one, July 21, 1959 (R. G. Chatelain).
Bromley, one, August 6, 1960, one, September 1, 1962, one, August 19,
one, August 24, 1965 (D. R. M. Long).

2. Near Sheerness, one on fence, August 1871 Walker, Ent. mon. Mag.,
8: 184).

3. Blean Woods, one, May 13, 1866 (Fenn, Diary). Chestfield, one at
light (P. F. Harris).

6a. Near Darenth* (Stephens, loc. cit).

7. Stockbury, common, 1919-20 (H. C. Huggins). Westwell, one, July
29. 1946, July 24, 1951 (G. V. Bull). Boxley, 1953 (A. H. Harbottle).

8. Folkestone Warren (R. Fairclough teste A. M. Morley personal
communication, i.l954). Betteshanger, July 6, 1957 (R. F. Betherton).

10. Westerham (Haworth, Lep. Brit., 362). Brasted Chart, larva,
imago reared 1914; Sevenoaks, July 29, 1919, May 28, 1920 (Gillett, Diary).

12. Ham Street, June 30, 1935 (A. J. L. Bowes). Hothfield (Scott, 1936):
1955, larvae, August-September 1959 and 1961 (P. Cue MS); larva on C.
vulgaris and E. tetralix, September 9, 1961, reared (C.-H.). Ashford Town
in garden. May 19, 1954 (P. Cue MS).

13. Tunbridge Wells district, two, 1868 (Cox, Entomologist, 4 (62), ii).
Pembury Woods (Morgan, Lepidoptera of Tunbridge Wells District MS.).
Tunbridge Wells, common (H. E. Hammond). Goudhurst, one. May 16,
1960 (W. V. D. Bolt).

14. Benenden, one, August 5, 1946; Sandhurst, at light (G. V. Bull).
Variation. — According to Prout (in Seitz, Pal. Geom., Suppl., 201, fig.

17k), our most usual English form is referable to angusta Prout

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15/XII/73

i^angustata Haworth, praeocc.) which differs from the type in having
the “wings narrower, the forewing very lanceolate, of a purer grey and
without admixture of reddish or yellowish; angulation of the last pale
band generally more acute; extrabasal line much more elbowed, more
oblique, straighter; the threads which traverse the bands very distinct”.
In RCK is an ab. “dark dusted”, one, Bexley, May 1904.

First Record, 1809: Phalaena angustata . . . “Habitat in Cantio apud
Westerham, at valde infrequens. Imago i Aug. Sepibus” (Haworth, loc.
cit.).

[(E. extensaria Freyer ssp. occidua Prout: Scarce Pug.

Recorded in error.

Recorded as Kentish in Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1962: 51,
and the error not since corrected)]

[(F. innotata Hufnagel : Angle-barred Pug.

Recorded in error.

E. innotata is a non-British species that has been recorded a number
of times from Kent doubtless owing to confusion with E. fraxinata Crewe
iq.v.) whose imago closely resembles it. The larva of innotata, however,
is very different in appearance from that of fraxinata and feeds on
Artemisia; yet, despite the following statement, there is not to our
knowledge a single authenticated instance of its occurrence in Kent or
elsewhere in Britain. Tutt (1896, Br. Moths, 261) has: “The Coast Pug
(E. innotata) is . . . exceedingly rare, and confined in Britain, so far as is
certainly known, to the coasts of Kent and Essex, the larva feeding on
Artemisia maritima”)'\ .

E. fraxinata Crewe: Ash Pug.

Resident, perhaps native. Hedgerows, bushy places, sandhills; on
ash, Hippophae rhamnoides. Note : The records of E. innotata Hufnagel
doubtless refer to E. fraxinata, and I have accordingly included them
here as representing this species.

1. Browns Woods, one, July 11, 1885; Lee, one, July 5, 1886, one, June
14, 1887, one, June 25, 1891,, 9 taken by Auld on paling, June 8, 1894
<Fenn, Diary). Lewisham one, 1895, W. H. Tugwell; Eltham, one, bred
1893, B. A. Bower, three bred 1896, B. A. Bower, all in RCK (C.-H.).
Plumstead (J. A. Clark, in Buckell & Prout, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1900: 69). Eltham (A. H. Jones, in Buckell & Prout, loc. cit.).
Bexley (V.C.H., 1908). Lewisham (R. A. Adkin, in Wool. Surv., 1909).
West Wickham, 1950. (E. E. J. Trundell, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1957:
145). Blackheath, one at m.v.l., 1959 (A. A. Allen). Bromley, one in m.v.
trap, July 1, 1966 (D. R. M. Long).

2. Near Sheerness, 1871, two at rest on outhouse (Walker, Ent. mon.
Mag., 8: 184).

3. Millstrood, one, June 26, 1949, taken by P. F. Harris (Huggins,
Entomologist, 84: 142, as innotata) Broad Oak, May 22, (1), June 30 (2),
1952, all at light (C.-H.).

5. Farnborough* (W. Barnes, in Wool, Surv., 1909). Layams Farm,
Keston, pupa under bark in winter, reared April 16, 1949 9 (R- F.

Birchenough).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (109)

6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). Birling Downs, two beaten from hedge,
June 15, 1912 (F. T. Grant).

6a. Darenth Wood (see First Record). Chattenden (V.C.H., 1908).

7. Westwell (Scott, 1964).

8. Canterbury, three pupae under ash bark, April 16, reared May 12,
;26, 27, 1865 (Fenn, Diary). Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Wye district*
<1904, Barrett, Lep. Br. Isles, 9: 107, as innotata). Whitfield, June 30,
1953 (T. G. Edwards).

9. Margate, June 27 (1), 31 (1), 1902, June 18 (1), July 1 (1), 1903, June
6, 1904 (2) in J. P. Barrett coll. (C.-H.).

10. Sevenoaks, one, bred Ruthven, in RCK (C.-H.).

11. Aylesford, one, July 14, 1955 (G. A. N. Davis), is in my coll. (C.-H.).
Maidstone, one at light, July 16, 1955 (E. Philp).

12. Ham Street, taken in 1964 (Anon., Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1964: 13).

[13. Tunbridge Wells, “doubtful” (Knipe, 1916)].

14. Sandhurst, one, June 16, 1933, in G. V. Bull coll. (C.-H.).

15. Dymchurch, two, 1952 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 65: 43). Greatstone,
larvae on H. rhamnoides, June 8, July 1958, July 1959, July 1960, July
1961 (P. Cue MS.); beat larvae from H. rhamnoides, September 10, 1961,
reared May 1962, beat about twelve larvae mostly full-grown from H.
rhamnoides, July 27, 1963 (C.-H.).

16. Folkestone, 1929 (Morley, 1931); one. May 27, 1953 (A. M. Morley);
9, May 30, 1953 (Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1953-54: 38,
as innotata).

First Record, 1831 : “Apparently rare; I possess two examples cap-
tured in a garden near Darenth-wood in June” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 286,
as innotata).

E. virgaureata Doubleday: pimpinellata sensu Dou'bleday: Golden Rod
Pug.

Native. Woods; on Solidago virgaurea..

1. Dartford Heath (Farn MS.). Plumstead (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 199).
Dee (H. J. Turner, in Wool. Surv., 1909).

6. Greenhithe, moth trap (Farn MS.).

6a. “In the Kentish locality [?Darenth Wood]*, where I have been in
the habit of taking it for some years past, it strictly confines itself to the
flowers of the Solidago, though there is plenty of Senecio in and near
the woods” (Crewe, Ent. Ann., 1862: 47, communicated 4.xi.l861).

Darenth (Farn MS.).

7. Westwell, one, June 6, 1906, L. B. Prout, in RCK (C.-H.).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Covert Wood, larvae not uncommon,
1927 (H. C. Huggins). Covert Wood, Elham Park Wood and Denge Wood,
about 20 larvae beaten from 5. virgaurea, October 1960, all parasitized
except one which emerged April 1961; larvae beaten out, autumn 1961,
moths bred spring 1962 (G. M. Haggett); there is a series of 18 specimens
in RCK bred by Haggett and labelled “Lyminge”, bred iv.l961 (1) and
viii.1962 (17) (C.-H.); (also, cf. Haggett, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1968: 99, 101).

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10. Brasted, occasionally (R. M. Prideaux).

12. Shadoxhurst (Scott, 1936). Ham Street (H. C. Huggins); [many
larvae swept from S. virgaurea, August 7, 1946, none reared (de Worms,
Entomologist, 80: 81), the date seems too early (C.-H.)]; one bred, 1950,.
from a larva beaten out (G. M. Haggett). Ashford, c. 1953 (P. Cue).

First Record, 1859 : ‘-I have found it by no means rare in the Kentish
woods, where the underwood is from one to two years’ growth, and the
golden rod has room to grow and flower freely” (Crewe, Zoologist, 6694),

E. abbreviata Stephens: Brindled Pug.

Native. Woods; on oak. Frequent and found in all divisions except
5 (probably present), 4, 9, 15. “Generally distributed” (V.C.H., 1908).

The imago has been mostly observed at light, to which it is sometimes
attracted in considerable numbers. Thus, A. J. L. Bowes (Diary) wrote
that at Thornden Wood (div. 3) on March 24, 1935, it was swarming at
the lights of his car with “two dozen on one wing at one point”. It is also
occasionally noted at sallow bloom, and by day at rest on oak trunks.

There are many records of the larvae being found on oak, and in my^
diary I mention that I beat them plentifully from oak at Orlestone Woods,.
Ham Street on June 13, 1947 (C.-H.).

Variation. — Kentish abbreviata show varying degrees of melanism,,
the most extreme forms occurring in the north-west of the county. Within
the past few years I have taken at West Wickham examples that appear
to conform to abs. hirschkei Bastel. and nigra Cockayne and others that
are less extreme, but the typical form seems no longer to occur at this
locality (C.-H.). In RCK is an ab. described as “dark dusted”, one, Seven-
oaks, 1892, one, Bexley 1904.

. . First Record, 1831 : “Not common; taken at Darenth in June”^

(Stephens, Haust., 3 : 283). This is also the first British record and ori-
ginal type reference.

E. dodoneata Guenee: Oak-tree Pug.

Resident or native. Woods, hedgerows; [on Quercus robur. Ilex
querci folia). Apparently extinct in 1, though formerly abundant there.

1. Lee. — May 19 — June 1, 1860, common in Burnt Ash Lane (Fenn,
Lep. Data MS.; Fenn, Ent. week Int., 9: 59); about 80 flying at dusk
round pollard oaks. May 20 — beginning June, 1861, in Burnt Ash Lane
(Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 10: 196); over 70 noted May 8-26, 1862; eight, April
27— May 21, 1863; six. May 12-17, 1864; May 4, 1865; four. May 23, 1874r
noted almost annually 1885-95, though generally less numerously, but
with sixteen, May 19-26, 1892; five in Hither Green Fields, 1888; Eltham.
seven, 1889-90 (Fenn, Diary; Fenn, Lep. Data MS.). West Wickham, May
1, 1861 (Fenn, Dairy); (Pseudon., Week Ent., 2 : 124). Kidbrook, by beating
hedges (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 199). Bexley, 1914 (L. T. Ford).

3. Bysing Wood, three or four, 1913-14 (H. C. Huggins). Chestfield:
Whitstable, on pales round Whitstable Castle (P. F. Harris).

4. Worth (T. W. Harman).

8. Tilmanstone, a worn specimen beaten out of Ilex, June 27, 1933 (A,
M. Morley).

9. Northdown, not uncommon in April (P. F. Harris); Margate, one, May
19, 1934, P. F. Harris, in my coll. (C.-H.). St. Peters, about 12 on street

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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lamps, May 19-26, 1954, one at m.v.l., May 10, 1957 (W. D. Bowden). Note :
There are extensive stands of Ilex nearby (C.-H.).

11. Aylesford, four, 1952-53, G. A. N. Davis, in my coll. (C.-H.). Hoads
Woods, one, c. 1953 (P. Cue).

12. Ham Street, a worn specimen taken at dusk. May 14, 1934 (A. M.
Morley) (Scott (1936) refers). Chartham, one. May 22, 1951 1 (P- B. Wacher),
Ashford Town, one on hawthorn blossom. May 9, 1957, in garden (P. Cue
MS.); May 8, 1960, May 1961, one. May 19, 1962 (P. Cue MS; de Worms
Entomologist, 9^: 159, 96; 53).

13. Tunbridge Wells (Knipe, 1916).

16. Folkestone Town, May 27, 1952 (2), May 19 (1), 20 (1), 23 (1), 26 (1),
1953, May 9, 1956 (1) June 6, 1958 (1), all in m.v. trap (A. M. Morley).
First Record, 1860; Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 9 : 59.

E. pusillata Denis & Schiffermuller: sobrinata Hubner: Juniper Pug.
Native. Chalk downs, parks, gardens; on Juniperus communis.

I. Lee Park; Blackheath Park; Frith; Eltham; on palings and street
lamps between 1861 and 1885; common on lamps at Lee, July 18, 1863
(Fenn. Diary; idem, Ent. Rec., 6 : 230). Forest Hill, four, on fences (Cans-
dale, Ent. Rec., 2: 69). Hayes district*, larva (Carr, Entomologist, 33: 47).
Sidcup, one at light, July 16, 1928, one, July 18, 1937 (A. R. Kidner, Diary)\
Petts Wood, one, 1950 (E, Evans). West Wickham, one bred August 10,
1951, from a larva on a juniper in a garden in Westland Drive (R. F.
Birchenough); one at m.v.l., July 23, 1972 (C.-H.). Bromley, 1959 (2),
1963 (1), 1964 (4), 1965 (7), 1966 (2), with earliest date July 1, 1964, latest
date August 28, 1966. and maximum (2) on July 19, 1959 and August 24,
1965 (D. R. M. Long).

5. Westerham (R. C. Edwards).t

6a. Darenth (Carrington, Entomologist, 12; 210).

7. Westwell, one, 1907, J. E. Gardner, in BMNH (C.-H.); on juniper, (W.
S. Gilles per H. C. Huggins); singletons, August 1, 1936, July 24, 1947, July
7, 1954 (E. Scott); larvae in Dr Scott’s garden, reared (P. Cue MS.).

8. Dover (E. & Y., 1949). Crundale, larvae, May 1937 (E. Scott); larvae
abundant on two juniper bushes. May 27, 1950, reared (C.-H.).

10. Sevenoaks, July 31, 1922 (Gillett, Diary).

II. Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908). Shipborne, four, 1910, in P. A. & D.
J. A. Buxton coll. (C.-H.).

12. Ashford Town, in garden (P. Cue MS). West Ashford, one at
light, July 1, 1961 (M. Enfield).

13. Tunbridge Wells (Knipe, 1916). Goudhurst, frequent, specimens at
light taken 1955, 1957, 1959, 1961 (W. V. D. Bolt)t.

14. Sandhurst, one at light (G. V. Bull).

16. Folkestone, six, mostly in 1953 (A. M. Morley).

Ssp. anglicata Herrich-Schaffer: ultimaria sensu Westwood: stevensata
Webb.

Native? Maritime chalk cliffs; foodplant unknown. Apparently there
is no record of occurrence since 1915.

Heslop (Check-List, 1945, 1947) calls it the “Kentish Tamarisk Pug”.

I know of no explanation for this vernacular nam.e, nor am I aware that
anglicata is in any way associated with Tamarisk (C.-H).

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entomologist’s record, VOL. 86 15/X/74 ij

8. Dover. — “East and west of the town” (Webb, 1891). “Occurs under |
the cliffs among the undergrowth just before you get to the Zigzag ||
path leading up to the Preventing Station” (Memo among Tompkins’ h
MSS). “It is usually taken on the hills of the Kent coast about the bios- |
soms of golden-rod and ragwort, and not about the juniper, and has J
even been found freshly emerged upon the first-named plant” (Barrett, !l
Lep. Br. Isles, 9: 142). “Flies close to the short turf of the downs. It^l
visits flowers”. “A female with limp wings sitting on a stem of golden I
rod ... I netted more than 30 visitors to her that evening” (Webb, Ent. |
Rec., 8 : 10). Generally taken at flowers of golden-rod (Purdey, Proc. S. I
Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1892: 56). Imagines taken by F. J. Hanbury at I
ragwort (Barrett, loc. cit.). I

First taken by Stevens and Grant in 1849 (cf. Zoologist, 2583, 7567; I
Proc. ent. Soc. Lond., 1851: 44; Entomologist, 14: 300, 15: 18). In the |
British coll, in BMNH are 17 anglicata as follows: September 19-22 j

1882 (5), 1884 (1). 1889 (11), all by S. Webb of Dover. In RCK is a series |
of 103 anglicata as follows: “W. Purdey | Dover* 95” (9); “Dover | ix i
07” (8); “Folkestone | W. Purdey | Folkestone 1892” (2); “Dover | P. B. |
Mason | coll. 1905” (2); “Dover | Sept. 1895” (5); ‘Dover | ix 1907” (7);
“W. Purdey/93 | Folkestone” “E. R. Bankes coll.” (11); ‘W. Purdey/92 | j
Folkestone” “E. R. Bankes coll.” (3); “C. E. Partridge | Dover/91” “E. 'I
R. Bankes coll.” (5); “Folkestone/ 15 | W. Purdey” “Bright coll.” “Roths- ;
child Bequest” (5); “Folkestone | ix.l908” (12); “Purdey | Dover | 1893” |
“L. B. Prout coll.” (1); “Dover | Purdey ’96” “Burrows coll. | presented :
by H. J. Turner” (3); “Dover | 10.ix.l906” “Rothschild coll.” (2); “S. :
Webb j Dover” “Machin coll. | Stevens’ 1895” “E. R. Bankes coll.” (2); j
“A. Vine 95 | Folkestone” (1); “Dover | 1891” (8); “Dover j S. Webb | |

1882” (1); “Dover | 1907” (4); “Dover 11 Sept. 1880” “L. B. Prout coll.” |
(1); “S. Webb | Dover 89” “E. R. Bankes coll.” (2); “Dover Gray 1882”
“Briggs j coll. I 1896” (2); ‘Folkestone | 1895 | Purdey” (2); “Purdey |
Dover 1893” (1); “1880 | Dover | S.W.” (1); “Dover | Sept. 1893” (1); |
“Folkestone | W. Purdey | 6 Au/95” “W. M. Christie Bequest” (1); “Dover |
Kent I Purdey. W. | 9.07” (1). In my own coll, are two anglicata: “Dover ;

I 1891” (1); “S. Webb j Dover” (1) (C.-H.).

Variation. — Of anglicata H.-S., Prout (in Seitz, Pal. Geom., 296) has
“. . . from the chalk cliffs of Kent, is a whitish grey form of rather '
characteristic appearance”; and Barrett (Lep. Br. Isles, 9: 141, pit 393,
figs. 2c, 2d) describes it as “a very pretty light form, in which the ground
colour is brownish-white and the markings, though slender and not very i
pronounced, are uniformly and distinctly present and suggest a rather
even and regular banding of fine lines”. Carrington (Entomologist, 14:
303, pit. 1, figs. 6, 7) refers to two figures of S. Webb’s specimens.

There is considerable variation inter se amongst the specimens I
have seen, particularly regarding the degree of intensity in the dark
markings (C.-H.).

First Record, 1831 : “Found in the woods of Kent, but not very

abundant” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 283).

E. lariciata Freyer: Larch Pug.

Resident. Plantations, gardens, woods; on larch.

1. West Wickham, not common (Sheldon. Ent. Rec., 1:70); “on firs”

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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(West, Ent. Rec., 18: 199). Dartford* (V.C.H., 1908). Bexley, one, July 1921
L. W. Newman, in my coll. (C.-H.). Orpington, 1954 (L. W. Siggs). West
Wickham, one at m.v.l. June 9, 1963 (C.-H.); a larva in Birch Wood, West
Wickham, beaten from larch September 1965, imago emerged March 26,
1966 (R. F. Birchenough).

3, Bysing Wood (H, C. Huggins), Church Wood; Oldridge Wood (J. A.
Parry),

5. Downe, very plentiful, 1906 (W. Barnes, in Wool Surv., 1909).

6. Kingsdown, 1952 (B. K. West).

7. Wigmore Wood, not uncommon and generally on larch trunks
(Chaney, 1884-87). Sharsted, common, 1925-27 (H. C. Huggins). Westwell
(Scott, 1936); June 10 1946 (1), May 23 1952 (1) (E. Scott), both in my coll.
(C.-H.)

8. Deal* (V.C.H., 1908). Near Dover, June 9, 1934 (J. H. B. Lowe).
Betteshanger; Whitfield; Little Mongham (E. & Y., 1939). Lyminge Forest,
two, c, 1953 (P. Cue).

10. Brasted (R. M. Prideaux); May 3, 18 1913 (Gillet, Diary). Westerham,
plentiful on trunks, June 13 1931 (Jacobs, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1931-32: 59).

11. Mereworth Wood, June 14, 21 1913 (Gillett, Diary).

12. Ham Street, c. 1953 (P. Cue); June 19, 1956 (Scott, Proc. S. Lond.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1956:77). Hothfield Common (de Worms, Entomologist,
102:135.

13. Turnbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan).

14. Benenden (G. V. Bull).

15. Dungeness, July 14, 1954 (P. Cue teste A. M. Morley).

16. Near Hythe (Morley, 1931). Folkestone, cf. 17, 1956, one. July
9, 1957, both at) m.v.l. (A. M. Morley).

First Record, 1885 : Chaney, op, cit.

E. tantillaria Boisduval: pusillata sens, auct.: Dwarf Pug.

Resident. Woods, plantations, copses; foodplant unknown.

1. West Wickham. — (see First Record); one, 1859 (Allchin, Ent. week.
Int., 8: 4); 1868 (Eedle, Ent. mon. Mag., 5: 49); (Sheldon, Proc. S. Lond.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1886: 42, ibid, Enti Rec., 1: 70); 1951 (E. Trundell);
three. May 25, 1949, in Well Wood (C.-H.). Bexley (L. T. Ford). Bromley,
one. May 15, 1965 (D. R. M. Long).

2. Sittingbourne, one, June 20, 1953, at night, probably casual (C.-H.).

3. Bysing Wood (H. C. Huggins), Broad Oak, one, c. 1954 (C.-H.).

6. Kingsdown (B. K. West).

7. Sharsted (H. C. Huggins). Long Beech Wood; Westwell (Scott, 1936).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Betteshanger; Near Waldershare (E, &
Y., 1949). West Wood, 1949, abundant (Morley, Trans. Folkestone nat. Hist.
Soc., 1949-50: 18; ibid., Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1949-50: 49).
Haddling Wood, two. May 21, 1937 (Busbridge, Diary). West Wood, common
1953 (P. Cue); May 31, 1958 (de Worms, Entomologist, 92: 69).

11. Penshurst* (R. E. E. Frampton teste S. Wakely). Aylesford, two,
1952- 53 (G. A. N. Davis).

12. Ham Street, one, 1951 (S. Wakely); two, 1954 (C.-H.); 1959 (Scott,
Proc. S, Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1959: 77); five, May 14-21, 1960 (D.

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Youngs); common, 1960-61 (M. Enfield): three, May 1960, two. May 1961 *
(^M. Singleton); fairly common, 1968 (D. O’Keeffe).

13. Tunbridge Wells* (Given, 1946).

14. Tenterden (Beale, Diary). Hawkhurst, one, 1927; Sandhurst, one,
1948 (G. V. Bull).

16. Folkestone, one at m.v.l., 19.56 (R. W. Fawthrop teste A. M.}il
Morley). |

First Record, 1856 : West Wickham (Tompkins, Ent. week. Int., 1 : 99). I

Chloroclystis v-ata Haworth: coronata Hubner: V Pug. !

Native. Woods, quarries, gardens, marshes, etc.; on Clematis vitalha, }
Eupatoriiim cannabinum, Solidago virgaurea. Recorded from all divi- |^
sions, except 14. ^

The species is bivoltine with moths first appearing in May and June, *■ ■
then again in July and August and occasionally continuing into Septem- : !
her. Walker tEnt. mon. Mag., 9: 163) records that on Sheppey in 1872,
he took one at rest in April; and H. G. Gomm (Diary) writes that at . |
Westgate in 1915, he netted one at twilight on September 14, an abnor- i
mally late date. | |

The moth is usually noted singly at light or at rest by day on trunks f |
or pales, but is apparently seldom observed in any plenty. At Abbey ,t
Wood (div, 1) on July 4, 1954, however, I casually noticed a dozen or t.l
so imagines on trunks and could probably have located more had I * ;
searched (C.-H.).

The larva has been mostly found on C. vitalba, P. Cue noting it on
this at Wye and Goldwell Pit, and Chaney (1884-87) recording that in
the Rochester district it feeds on the flowers. Carrington (Entomologist,
13: 77) recorded it on E. cannabinum at Seal; and P. Cue found larvae
c. 1953 in his garden at Ashford feeding on S. virgaurea (Cue MS.).

First Record, 1831: Darenth, (Stephens, Haust., 3: 282).

f(C. chloerata Mabille : Pelham-Clinton’s Pug. ■’

Recorded in error. Despite its fairly general distribution in south-
east England, and although collectors have purposely beaten sloe blossom !
for the larva in many parts of Kent in 1971, 1972, 1973 and 1974, most
curiously there has as yet been no sign of the species in the county.

1. Dartford Heath, larva (Skinner, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1973:
133), is erroneous (B. F. Skinner, personal communication). )~\

C. rectangulata L.: Green Pug.

Native. Gardens, orchards; on apple (blossoms), cherry (blossoms).
Frequent and found in all divisions. “Generally abundant” (V.C.H., 1908).

The moth is normally on the wing in June and July, but is some-
times noted in late May and has been seen well into August, as at
Bromley in 1962 when D. R. M. Long took one at m.v.l. on August 13. Tt
is frequent at light, and I have observed it at dusk flying in considerable
numbers about apple trees; by day it is sometimes seen at rest on tree
trunks and pales.

P. Cue found the larva plentifully on apple in his garden at Ash-
ford, and this is apparently the chief natural pabulum in Kent; but the i,
larva has also occurred on cherry since Massee (Rep. E. Mailing Res. )
Stn., 1955; 131) records it as having been found feeding on the blossoms |

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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of this at Bobbing the end of April 1955. A. R. Kidner (Diary) states that
he found larvae in his garden at Sidcup, May 1, 1921 (1), May 15, 1937
(several), probably on apple but he does not specify this.

Variation. — This is chiefly in regard to the increase of black leading
up to ab. nigrosericeata Haw. which is entirely or almost entirely black
and which became particularly noticeable in the metropolitan area
around the turn of the century as supplanting nearly all the paler
forms. Thus, Doncaster (Ent Rec., 18: 223) writing in 1906 quotes C.
Fenn as saying that “sixty years ago the light forms were prevalent,
but have now disappeared more or less completely, in some districts”,
notably in the Lee and Catford areas. At Farnborough, Hewitt (in Don-
caster, loc cit) noted that it varied from green to very dark, and for
the same locality, Barnes (in Wool. Surv., 1909) has “black form occa-
sionally”. Barnett (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1906-07:79) exhibited
a short series from Welling, “all the specimens taken being dark”. Fur-
ther east at Wateringbury, there are in the E. Goodwin coll, specimens
from there including one approximating to the type dated 1906 and two
black examples dated 1905 and 1906 (C.-H.).

At Petts Wood, 1946-49, E. Evans noted that they were “all black or
blackish forms”; and D. O’Keeffe found that at Bexley from 1966-68,
“all were melanic except one green specimen in May 1967”.

In RCK are the following named aberrations :—joannisata Culot,
Wateringbury, one; subaerata Hiibn., Erith, one; anthrax Dietze, N.
Kent, 1912 (numerous), Wateringbury, 1906 (1), Lee, 1891 (1), Erith,
1897 (1); cydoniata Borkh., Lee, 1890 (1), Wateringbury, 1906 (1).

Also, typical examples: — Wateringbury, 1909 (2), Bexley, 1905 (1), Erith,
1897 (2).

First Record, 1858: Tenterden, common (Stainton, Man., 2; 92).

C. debilata Hubner: Bilberry Pug.

Native, perhaps extinct. Woods; on V accinium myrtillus. No record of
occurrence since 1908.

11. Wateringbury. — June 21 1905 (1), June 1906 (23), all bred and in
E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.); larvae plentiful on bilberry. May 1907, May
14, 1908 (Reid, Ent Rec., 20: 12; ibid., 21: 56); W. A. Cope told me the
locality was a patch of bilberry in Mereworth Woods — he took a number
of larvae there and I have ten of his bred specimens dated 1908 (C.-H.).

Variation. — In RCK are the following specimens all bred from
Wateringbury: — ab. mediofasciata Dietze, 1907 (9), P. C. Reid; ab.
with “markings strong”, June 20 1907 (1). Also, a number of typical
examples bred by P, C. Reid, June 30, 1907, June 26, 1908.

First (Published) Record, 1908: Reid, Ent. Rec., 20: 12.

Gymnoscelfe rufifasciata Haworth: pumilata Hubner: Double-striped Pug

Native. Waste places, woods, heaths, gardens, etc.; on Senecio jaco-
baea, marguerite, cultivated ling, rose. Frequent and recorded from all
divisions except 6a, 14. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908).

The moth seems to appear in successive generations from March to
September, but has occasionally been taken exceptionally early. Thus,
Siggs (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1957: 1) exhibited one taken
at Orpington, January 11, 1957, but as it occurred indoors at his house
light may have bred within; and Morley (Entomologist, 81 : 178) ob-

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served it in 1948 at Folkestone on February 13.

I beat the larvae fr^m S. jacohaea at Dungeness, September 11, 1955
rearing the moths in March-April 1956, and took a larva feeding on rose
bloom in my garden in West Wickham about 1967 (C.-H.). D. R. M.
Long records that he took the larva at Bromley on marguerite and
cultivated ling; and Kidner (Diary) writes that he took larvae on Hayes
Common, May 27, 1920 (3), June 11, 1923, probably on Calluna vulgaris
but the foodplant is not specified.

Variation. — In RCK is ab contraslaia Lempke, Folkestone, bred 1906

(1).

First Record, 1851 : Dartford Heath (Douglas, Zoologist^ 3284).

Anticollix sparsata Treitschke: Dentated Pug.

Native. Sallow carr; on Lysimachia vulgaris.

Note : The larvae affect Lysimachia growing in the shelter of sallow
bushes, and at Ham Fen I only found them where the foodplant grew
in such situations. Possibly the same ecological requirement obtains
elsewhere, but I have not seen this fact mentioned before and I have
no experience of the larva outside Kent (C.-H.).

4. It is probable all the following refer to Ham Fen. — “Deal, 1890”,
one so-labelled in Hope Alderson coll. (C.-H.). Ham Fen, July 11 (4),
14 (1) 1891, August 17 (1), 23 (2) 1892 (Fenn, Diary, ibid., Ent. Rec., 2 :
203, 3: 285). Sandwich, imagines and larvae, 1897-1900; June 20 (about
20), July 30 (a few larvae), August 25 (about 20), October 6 (larvae) 1900
(Barrett, Entomologist, 34: 21). “East Kent, 1907, T, Blest”, three so-
labelled in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.), were from Ham Fen (T. Blest per-
sonal communication). Ham Fen, beat out four larvae from L. vulgaris,
August 4, 1957, about 25 larvae by searching the foodplant, August 3,
1958 from which several moths reared May 1959, a worn taken at
dusk, June 19, 1959 (Chalmers-Hunt, Bull. Kent Fid. CL, 5: 30-31); one,
July 9, 1960 (C.-H.). [(East Kent (Embry, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1937-38: 22), is erroneous and should refer to Wicken, Cambs. (E.
Embry in lift.).)]

First Record, 1890. H. Alderson.

Chesias legatella Denis & Schiffermuller: spartiata Herbst: Streak.

Native. Commons, waste places, woods, single beach, etc,; on Saro-
thamnus scoparius. Common, but chiefly on sandy or gravelly ground
though recorded from all divisions. Few records for 15 and perhaps
casual in 6, 7, 8, 9. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908).

6. Gravesend (H. C. Huggins),

7. Wigmore Wood, sometimes attracted to sugar (Chaney, 1884-87).
Eastwell; Westwell (Scott, 1950).

8. Near Denton, 1929 (Morley, 1931). Dover; Barham (E. & Y., 1949).
Folkestone Warren, one, October 8, 1956 (W. L. Rudland).

9. Margate, one, October 22, 1922 (Gomm, Diary). Birchington, (S ,
October 30, 1951 (W. D. Bowden).

15. Dungeness, a larva on broom (A. M. Morley). Boulderwall, one in
m.v. trap, October 25, 1972 (R. E. Scott).

Variation — In RCK is an ab. with “blind ring”, Brasted, August 24,
1893 (3); also, ab. nigrogriseata Heyd. (“rufous lacking, most of our

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(117)

British specimens are of this form”), Farnborough, Bexley, N. Kent,
Dartford. Typical: Brasted, 1893 (several), Farnbrough (1).

First Record, 1861 : Lewisham, October 2, 1861 (Fenn, Diary).

C, rufata Fabricius: Broom-tip.

Native. Commons, waste places, woods, etc.; on Sarothamnus sco-
parius.

I. Dartford Heath (Stevens, Zoologist, 1787); 9, June 16, 1949, several
larvae September 1951 (B. K. West); larvae beaten from broom, August
28, 1954 (C.-H.). Abbey Wood, May 7 (about 10), May 9 (3), July 30 (4),
1863, May 4, 1865 (1); Bostall Wood, May 15, 1863 (2), May 14, 1864 (1);
Frith, singletons, April 8, 29, May 10, 12, 17, 22, July 4, 1884; Bexley
ParK Wood, June 5, 1891 (3), May 20, 1893 (1), June 29-July 6, 1893 (3)
(Fen, Diary). Eltham; Keston, 1905; Holwood (Wool. Surv., 1909), Lee,
1892( Fenn, Ent. Rec., 3: 202). Bexley (Shaw, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1905: 9); June 10. 1967 (c?). May 11 (c^), June 14 (c?) 1968

D. O’Keeffe). Dartford Heath, larvae common, August 31, 1964, nine
larvae, August 29, 1965 (R. O. Chatelain); May 7, (cj*), July (five larvae
on broom) 1968 (D. O’Keeffe).

3. Blean Woods, one, May 27, 1866 (Fenn, Diary). Bysing Wood (H.
C. Huggins). Canterbury, larvae and imagines in Old Park, c. 1947 (J,
A. Parry).

4. Ickham, one settled on wall, 1959 (D. G. Marsh).

6. Horton Kirby Wood, one (E. J. Hare).

6a. Darenth Wood, one (G. Law).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87).

8. Near Hawkinge, 1929 (Morley, 1931). West Wood, four, May 5.
1933 (A. M. Morley). Near Barham, one, 1945 (E. & Y., 1949). Covert
Wood, one. May 1, 1956 (W. D. Bowden).

10. Seal (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1905-06: 41),

II. Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908); (W. A. Cope). Aylesford, one, 1952,
five, 1954-55, one, 1957 (G. A. N. Davis); one, in m.v. trap, June 29, 1956
(C.-H.).

13. Southborough (M. M. Phipps in Knipe, 1916).

16. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Folkestone Town, one. May 1, 1931
(A. M. Morley).

Variation.^ — In RCK is ab. margaritata Lempke, Bexley, 1906, J. Green-
v/ood.

First Record, 1847: Stevens, Zoologist, 1787.

Aplocera plagiata L.: Treble Bar.

Native. Woods, downs, banks, waste places; foodplant unknown.
Recorded from all divisions except 2, 14, 15; few records for 4. “Generally
common” (V.C.H., 1908). Note: The foregoing assessment and particulars
are principally based on records subsequent to 1923 (see note under
A. efformata Guenee).

4. Ickham, fairly numerous, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh).

Variation. — Hare (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1923-24: 93)
exhibited “a probably unique aberration ... a dark form with a very
well-defined median band filling the space between the two median trans-
verse lines, and a brown basal patch”, taken Erith, l.ix.l920.

A form that is not rare having the median transverse lines touching

(118)

entomologist’s record, VOL. 86

15/X/74

IS ab. tangens W. Fritsch : Ham Street (C.-H., Proc. S. Land. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1954-55: 21); Folkestone (de Worms, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1951-52: 46); N. Kent, one, 1911; Westwell, one, 1906 (both in
RCK). One from Bromley district, exhibited 26.i.l888 at S. Lond. Ent.
Nat. Hist. Soc. by J. W, Tutt for J. H. Alderson (Barker, Young Nat., 9:
56), may also be referable to A. plagiata ab. tangens.

First Record, 1831: Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust, 3: 244). But
the first confirmed record I can trace dates from 1876 : Blean Woods, two,
June 6, 1876, F. G. Whittle, in BMNHf (C.-H.).

A. eflfarmata Guenee: Lesser Trebles Bar.

Native. Chalk downs, woods; foodplant unknown.

Note: In 1923, Jordan (Proc. ent. Soc. Lond., 1923: v) showed that
the insect known as A. plagiata L. consisted of two species, and suggested
A. efformata Guen. as the second species, since when this distinction has
been generally recognised, though it is not always possible to separate
the two in the older records unless the specimens upon which they
were based still exist. Owing to confusion with A. plagiata, the present
species probably occurs in many more localities than the following
records indicate.

I. Hayes Common, one, September 8, 1953 (C.-H.). Bromley, one,
August 11, 1960, one, August 13, 1961, one, September 15, 1963, one,
September 5, 1964 (D. R. M. Long). Hartford Heath (B. K. West).

5. Cudham (Buckstone, Entomologist, 64: 115). Westerham (R. C.
Edwards).

6. Wrotham (P. A. & D. J. A. Buxton coll.). Otford (Buckstone, loc.
cit). Eynsford (Buckstone, loc. cit); June 7, 1932, August 30, 1935 (Kidner,
Diary); fairly numerous, August 17, 1935 (Blair, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1935-36: 25). Birling (H. C. Huggins). Kemsing (E. D. Mor-
gan). Shoreham, June 26, 1932 (Kidner, Diary); one, June 7, 1953 (C.-H.).
Pinden (E. J. Hare). Hailing, May 12, 1957 (C.-H.).

6a. Darenth Wood (B. K. West).

7. Detling (G. V. Bull). Westwell (Scott, 1936); August 13, 1938, August
17, 1939 (A. J. L. Bowes). Bluebell Hill, two, 1954 (G. A. N. Davis).

8. Dover, one August 1899 1 (H. D. Stockwell coll.). Betteshanger;
Ewell Minnis; Little Mongham; Shepherdswell; Whitfield (E. & Y., 1949).
Folkestone Warren, August 26, 1950 (C.-H.); September 25 (4), October
8 (1), 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Wye (Scott, 1936); May 28, 1949 (C.-H.).
Chilham, May 21, 1939 (C.-H.). Brook (C. A. W. Duffield).

II. Oaken Wood (See First Record) Mereworth Wood, May 15, 1949
(C.-H.). Aylesford, 1953, 1954f (G. A. N. Davis).

12. Orlestone Woods, May 21, 1939 and in subsequent years, frequent
(C.-H.); September 3-6, 1949, June 2, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton). Wye, two
1955-56; Willesborough, four, 1953-4, one, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Ham
Street Village, 1960 (de Worms, Entomologist 94 : 159).

13. Pembury, few (E. D. Morgan); (Given, 1946).

14. Sandhurst, one, June 7, 1936f (G. V. Bull).

16. Folkestone (Morley, Ent. Rec., 64: 171).

First Record, 1895 : Oaken Wood, Barming, one, May 23, 1895, J. H.
Allchint (in Maidstone Mus,).

LEPiDOPTERA OF KENl'

Ui9)

Odezia atrata L.: Chimney Sweeper.

Native, perhaps now extinct. Meadows, waste places; foodplant un-
known.

1. Plumstead; West Wickham (V.C.H., 1908). Lewisham; Greenwich
(R. Adkin, in Wooli Surv., 1909). Hollies near Sidcup, one, June 19, 1921
(A. R. Kidner, Diary).

6. Shoreham, about six seen by H. E. Hammond in a chalk-pit in 1939,
not seen again when he revisited the spot in 1940 and 1949 (H. E. Ham-
mond, in litt.).

13. Tunbridge Weils. — “Abundant near Tunbridge Wells, July 1830”
(Miss Harvey, in Stephens, Haust., 3; 293). Tunbridge Wells, several
1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2: 230). Ramslye, one; Tunbridge Wells, many
seen in a meadow near Forest Road, June 20, 1895 (E. D. Morgan). [The
moth swarms at Mott’s Mill, just over the border in Sussex (E. D.
Morgan)].

16. Folkestone=*= (V.C.H., 1908).

First Record, 1831 ; Miss Harvey, in Stephens, loc. cit.

Euclioeca nebulata Scopoli: Dingy Shell.

Native. Alder carr, damp woods; on alder.

1. West Wickham, 1859 (Allchin, Ent. week, hit., 8: 3); 1890 (Wells,
Entomologist, 24: 74); 1891 (Wells, Ent. Rec., 3: 35); common (Wakely,
Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1930-31 : 75); 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell).
Chislehurst, June 29, 1890 (Buckell, Ent Rec., 1 : 160); larvae, October
5, 1907, September 1, 1923, September 6, 1924, September 20, 1928, Sep-
tember 17, 1929, an imago, June 14, 1924 (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Browns
Woods, very common. May 31-June 25, 1890 (Fenn, Diary); near Black
Fen and Halfway Street Woods (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909) probably
refer. Halfway Street, June 18 1925; Birch Wood, few, July 9 1909 (A. R.
Kidner, Diary). Eltham, common (Jones, in Buckell & Prout, Trans. Cy.
Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 65). Bexley (V.C.H., 1908); one, July 16
1911, May 24 1925 (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Farnbrough, 1906 (W. Barnes,
in Wool. Surv., 1909). Petts Wood, 1937, 1948, 1950 (A. M. & F. A. Swain).
Blackheath, one at m.v*l-, 1959 (A. A. Allen). Bromley, one, July 21, 1963,
one, June 10, 1964 (D. R. M. Long).

2. Faversham*; Chatham* (Morris, Br. Moths, 1 : 153). Snodland*, 1908
(Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 21 : 32). Davington, common (H. C. Huggins).

3. Elbridge, one, 1920 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Bysing Wood (H. C.
Huggins).

4. Ham Fen, few, August 5, 1889 (Fenn, Diary); several, June 17,
1950 (C.-H.). Minster, July 3, 9, 1915, June 16, 1921, June 17, 1922 (H. G.
Gomm, Diary). Worth, one at m.v.L, August 8, 1969 (T. W. Harman).

6a. Darenth* (Stephens, Haust., 3 : 302). Chattenden (V.C.H., 1908).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Near Dover* (Partridge teste Barrett,
Br. Lep., 8: 208). Betteshanger, July, 1957 (R. F. Bretherton).

10. Dunton Green, one, June 26, 1908 (A. R. Kidner, Diary).

11. Mid Kent [Yalding] (Reid, S. east. Nat., 1904: 53). Borough Green,
several, June 11, 1950 (C.-H.). Aylesford, 1954 (1), July 10 (1), 11 (1) 1956
(G. A. N. Davis).

12. Near Canterbury*, a few (Parry, Entomologist, 5: 394). Brook;
Ham Street (Scott, 1936). Bourne Wood, common, c. 1953 (E. Scott).

U20)

entomologist’s record, VOL. 86

157X/74

Willesborough, common in a wood, 1959 (M. Singleton). W. Ashford,
common in an alder wood (M. Enfield). Chartham, fairly common (D.
G. Marsh).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2 : 43). Tunbridge Wells, locally com-
mon (Knipe, 1916). Groombridge (Bull, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1931-32: 59). Goudhurst, one, 1950 (W. V. D. Bolt).

14. Tenterden, common (Stainton, Man., 2 : 43).

16. Near Hythe, locally abundant (Morley, 1931).

Variation. — “Colonel Partridge has a specimen taken near Dover
which is wholly suffused with dull leaden-brown” (Barrett, Loc. cit.).

In RCK are eleven specimens of ab. suffusa Nordstrom, Eltham, 1880.
First Record. 1831: Stephens, Haust., 3: 302.

Asthena albulata Hufnagel: Small White Wave.

Native. Woods, copses, bushy places; on hazel. Frequent and recorded
from all divisions except 10 (probably occurs), 9. Few records for 4;
probably casual in 15. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908).

The moth appears on the wing from May to July with what may be
a partial second generation in August, and in 1860, C. Fenn {Diary)
noted it in fine condition near Lewisham as late as September 8. In
1912, F. T. Grant observed one at Gravesend on April 20, a remarkably
early date.

I took a larva of A. alhulatu on hazel at Orlestone Woods, September
11, 1966 (C.-H., Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. HisL Soc., 1967: 24); and A. R.
Kidner (Diary) records taking the larvae as follows but in each case
fails to cite the foodplant: Darenth, September 7, 1911 (1), September 26,
1913 (3); Joydens Wood, August 27, 1920 (2); Farningham Wood, Septem-
ber 27, 1929 (several), September 30, 1933 (1)

4. Ickham, fairly common, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh).

15. Dungeness, two, August 19, 1951 (E. H. Wild).

Variation. — In RCK is ab. anastomosaria Lempke, one, Westwell,
May 23, 1904, L. B. Prout.

First Record, 1839: Kent (Wood, Index Entomologicus, 110).

Hydrelia flammetolaria Hufnagel: Small Yellow Wave.

Native. Woods, copses; [on maple]

1. Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 302). Near Woolwich (Jones, Ent.
week. Int., 10: 187). Between Lee and West Wood, June 12, 1861; Lewis-
ham, June 10, 12, 1861 (Fenn, Diary). West Wickham, 1863 (Leigh,
Week. Ent., 2 : 134); 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell). West Wood (West, Ent. Rec.,
18: 172). Birch Wood; Joydens Wood (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909).
Hayes district; Lee; Bexley (Carr, Entomologist, 32 : 40). Sidcup, one.
May 21, 1921; Farningham, two, July 2, 1929 (A. R. Kidner, Diary)]
Petts Wood, 1948 (E. Evans). Orpington, 1948, 1952 (A. M. & F. A. Swain);
one only (R. G. Chatelain). Abbey Wood, 1957 (A. J. Showier). Bromley,
1961 (2), 1962 (2), 1963 (3), 1964 (3), 1966 (4) (D. R. M. Long).

3. Trenley Park Woods, one, June 14, 1929 (H. G. Gomm, Diary).
Canterbury City* (J. A. Parry). Broad Oak, one, June 13, 1946; West
Blean Wood, one June 17, 1952; Thornden Wood, one, June 2, 1956
(C.-H.).

4. Sandwich, one, June 28, 1954 (W. D. Bowden).

LEPiDOPTERA OF KENT

(121)

5. Green Street Green, Farnborough, 1905 (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv.t
1909). Halstead (R. E. E. Frampton teste S. Wakely). Westerham (R. C.
Edwards).

6. Longfield (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (54) ii). Otford, June 21, 1902
(Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1902: 50). Birling; Gravesend;
Luddesdown (H. C. Huggins). Gravesend Downs, June 10, 1913; Claylane
Wood, June 11, 1912; Meopham, June 8, 1927 (F. T. Grant). Shoreham;
Eynsford (S. F. P. Biyth). Eynsford, larva, August 11, 1934 (Blair, Proc.
S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1934-35: 33); a larvae, August 30, 1936
(A, R. Kidner, Diary). Horton Kirby Wood (E. J. Hare).

6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 302); sparingly (B. K. West).
Chattenden, one, June 28, 1869 (J. J. Walker MS.); not common (Chaney,
1884-87); June 1, 1912, May 26, 1923, three June 1, 1925 (F. T. Grant).
Hartford district* (W. West, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Greenhithe* (Farn
MS.). Swanscombe (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 172).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). Westwell, July 13, 1934 (A. J. L.
Bowes); (G. V. Bull); fairly common, moths beaten out of maple (M.
Singleton, M. Enfield & D. Youngs). Boxley, 1953 (A. H. Harbottle).

8. Near Dover (Stephens, Haust., 3: 302). Folkestone Warren, scarce
among maple (Knaggs, 1870). Folkestone (Salwey, Entomologist, 15; 197).
Kearsney, one, June 27, 1901, July 14, 1932 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary).
Woolwich Wood, three, June 26, 1901 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary); one,
June 23, 1953, one, June 20, 1954 (W. D. Bowden). Stelling, one, June 22,
1930; Temple Ewell, one, July 9, 1932; Elham, on June 23, 1933, one,
June 29, one, July 6. 1934 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary). Near Barham (Mor-
ley, 1931). Stowting; Brook (C. A. W. Duffield). Chilham, one, June 20,
1925 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Dover, a few (B. O. C. Gardiner). Whitfield,
1953 (Wakely. Ent. Rec., 66: 109).

9. Minster, 9, July 3, 1915; Westgate, 9- July 24, 1915 (H. G. Gomm,
Diary). Margate, one, June 26, 1925 (H. G. Gomm, Diary); July 13, 19,
1951 (W. D. Bowden).

10. Sevenoaks, June 23, 1920 (Gillet, Diary).

11. Harrietsham (Stephens, Entomologist, 1 : 200). Yalding iV.C.H.

1908). Aylesford, c. 1954 (G. A. N. Davis). Sevenoaks Weald, one, June
18, 1960 (E. A. Sadler).

12. Birchett Wood, one, June 24, 1953 (W. L. Rudland). Ashford Town
c. 1955 (P. Cue MS.). Willesborough, one, July 12, 1954, one, July 20,
1955 (W. L. Rudland); one, 1957 (D. Youngs).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2: 42). Tunbridge Wells district* (R,
H. Rattray, in Knipe, 1916).

14. Tenterden, common (Stainton, Man., 2: 42). Near Tenterden, in
a maple hedge, July 1925 (A. A. Allen). Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). Hawk-
hurst (B. G. Chatfield).

15. Greatstone, 1963 (Chalmers-Hunt & Wakely, Ent. Rec., 76 : 94).

16. Folkestone Town, one or two (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — In RCK is ab conjluens Hoffman, Chattenden, 1893, 1905,
Folkestone, 1901.

First Record, 1809: “Habitat, Imago Cantii Sylvaticis at infrequens,
f. Mai” (Haworth, Lep. Brit., 2 : 352).

H. sylvata Denis & Schiffermuller: testaceata Donovan: Waved Carpet.
Native. Woods; foodplant unknown.

UZ2) entomologist's record, VOL. yo 15/X/74

I. [West Wickham], 1861 (Huckett, Ent. week Int., 10: 115). Eltham,
one (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909).

6. Greenhithe* (V.C.H., 1908).

6a. [Darenth Wood], 1861 (Huckett, loc. cit.)

7. Great Cowbeck Wood; Wigmore Wood; not common (Chaney,
1884-87). Westwell, July 13, 1934 (A. J. L. Bowes). Kings Wood (Scott,
1936).

8. Folkestone (Ullyett, 1880); one, June 1908, in F. A. Small coll.
(C.-H.). Reinden Wood, moderately common, July 1882 (Salwey, Ento-
mologist, 15: 197); thirty, June 6, 1933, two, June 15, 1934 (A. M. Mor-
ley). Near Lyminge, one June 24, 1934; Swingfield, one, July 9, 1932
(A. M. Morley). Coombe Wood, June 16 (1), 19 (2), 23 (1), 26 (2), July
9 (1), 16 (2), 1895, June 6 (6), 11 (2), 14 (1), 15 (1), 1896, June 8(1),
24 (2), 1899; Woolwich Wood, two, June 19, 1904 (H. D. Stockwell,
Diary). Poulton, July 15, 1909 (P. A. Gardew, Diary). Atchester Wood,
Stelling, one, June 26, 1930, one, July 11, 1931; Elham, June 18 (1), 23
(1) 1933, July 2 (1), 6 (1) 1934; Haddling Wood, several, June 28, 1938
(W. E. Busbridge, Diary). Canterbury*, one, 1911, in F. A. Small coll.
(C.-H.). Betteshanger, July 6, 1957 (R. F. Bretherton). Covert Wood,
June 16, 1939 (1), taken by E. Scott (G. V. Bull coll.).

II. Harrietsham, 1840 (Stephens, Entomologist, 1 :) 200). Watering-
bury and Mereworth Woods. — c. 1890, scarce, only the typical form
(W. A. Cope in litt.); 1903-05, f. intermedia Bankes and f. goodwini
Bankes (Bankes, Entomologist, 40: 33-34); typical series, 1907-08, melanic
series, 1907-11, in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.); five goodwini, 1910-26, one
intermedia, 1907, one typical, 1925, all ex W. A. Cope (C.-H. coll.); two
typical, July 1919, A. B. Farn; four typical, 1903, E. Goodwin; long series
of goodwini and intermedia, 1903-19; all in RCK (C.-H.) June 21, 1913
(Gillett, Diary); on Spanish chestnut trunks, one intermedia, one good-
wini, July 3, 1954; five goodwini at light, July 4, 1959 (C.-H.). Aylesford,
numerous intermedia and goodwini, but mostly the latter, at light, 1953-
56, only one typical, July 24, 1956 all taken by G. A. N. Davis (C.-H. coll.).

12. Ham Street Woods (Scott, 1936). No record of occurrence there
since to my knowledge (C.-H.).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2 : 42).

14. Tenterden, common (Stainton., loc. cit.).

Variation. — The variation in sylvata in Kent is remarkable as is
shown by the two forms interm^edia Bankes and goodwini Bankes.
Bankes (Entomologist, 40; 33) describes intermedia as: “Both fore and
hind wings have the whitish ground colour, which still prevails, more
thickly and generally dusted with dusky brown, especially along the
costa of the fore wing, and have the transverse dusky brown lines more
strongly pronounced, than in the typical form”. He describes (loc cit.)
goodwini as: “All the wings are so generally and thickly dusted with
dusky brown that the whitish ground colour is largely obscured by it,
especially towards the costa of the fore wings; this, however, tends to be
less so along the actual termen, and near the tornus, of both fore and
hind wings, than elsewhere. The tawny fasciae on both the fore and
hind wings are, however, still visible.” He adds that these forms “vary
considerably inter se, and practically show every gradation between the
typical form and complete melanism.”

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(123)

When, about 1900, Edward Goodwin first discovered the dark sylvata
in the Wateringbury district, the population there was predominantly
typical.! However, the melanic forms subsequently increased, and within
the past 25 years have almost replaced the type there, ^ These dark forms
seem to be restricted to the woods lying between Maidstone and Plaxtol
in div. 11 and, as far as is known, to occur nowhere else in the world.
A further interesting fact is the habit of these moths of resting by day
on the stems of Spanish chestnut. Indeed, the late W. A. Cope, who had
regularly observed the insect in this area over a period of 60 years,^ told
me he had never seen it in these woods in any other situation, and that
consequently the darker forms were always the more difficult to spot
(C.-H.).

First Record, 1809: “Habitat in Cantio at infrequens. Imago f.
May. Sylvis cretaceis.” (Haworth, Lep. Brit., 330).

1 Bankes iloc. cit.) writing in 1907, states that Goodwin estimated that only about
10% to 15% of the specimens met with in the locality are, to a greater or lesser
extent, darker than the type.

2 The type probably now represents less than 5% of the local population, and the
only typical example noted in the area to my knowledge within the past 30 years
is the one taken by Dr G. A. N. Davis in 1956 (C.-H.).

3 During the 1940s, the species underwent a period of comparative scarcity in the
Wateringbury-Mereworth district; and in a letter to me dated 4.vii.l948, W. A.
Cope suggested the moth “may have reverted to its scarcity of 60 years ago when
I first knew of it and then the dark form was unknown” (C.-H.).

Minoa murinata Scopoli : Drap Looper.

Native. Woods; [on Euphorbia amygdaloides] .

Note: The apparent near-absence of murinata from the Weald is
remarkable,

I. West Wickham, August 17th 1845 (Stainton, Zoologist, 1223);
one, June 1883 (Geldart, Entomologist, 16: 278); 1891 (Wells, Ent. Rec.,
3: 35). Abbey Wood, sixteen, June 16th, one, June 23rd 1860 (Fenn, Lep.
Data). There is no record of its occurrence in this division since 1891,
and in 1895, Fenn {Ent. Rec., 6: 230) recorded it as extinct in metro-
politan Kent.

3. E. Blean Woods, June 11th, 30th 1865, May 26th-June 3rd 1866
(Fenn, Diary). Den Grove, July 7th 1926; Clowes Wood, June 18th 1927
(H. G. Gomm, Diary). Thornden and E. Blean Woods, May 29th 1931,
July 27th 1934 (A. J. L. Bowes), Great Hall Wood, common, August 12th
1955; I also encountered it not uncommonly between 1934 and 1954,
flying by day among E. amygdaloides in the open parts of Timber,
Paddock, Thornden, Little Hall, Great Hall, Hoath, Church and Kember-
land Woods, in May-June and occasionally in August (C.-H.).

5. Chelsfield*, 1900 (Carr, Entomologist, 34: 108).

6. Longfield (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (54), ii). [Gravesend, 1867,
four taken by D. T. Button (South Entomologist, 27: 104).]

6a. Darenth (Stephens, Haust., 3: 294); 1859 (Harding, Ent. week.
Int., 6:16)\ rather common, 1861 (Jones, Ent. week. Int., 10: 187); ten.
May 21st, two. May 29th 1865 (Fenn, Diary)’, (E. J, Hare).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). Chatham*, June 8th 1908
(Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 20: 186). Kings Wood (Scott, 1936). Chilham, June
24th, July 8th 1951 (W. D. Bowden).

8. Folkestone (Ullyett, 1880). Woolwich Wood, one, June 7th 1899,
one. May 24th, four, June 3rd, four, June 17th 1900, one, June 5th, one,
June 9th 1901 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary; Stockwell, Entomologist, 35: 26).
Covert Wood (H. C. Huggins). Wye* (Scott, 1936).

II. Aylesford, $ 1951 f (G. A. N. Davis). Hoads Wood, one, taken
north of the road, c. 1958 (P. Cue, in litt.; Scott (1964), refers).

Variation. — In RCK is ab. cyparissaria Mann., three, “Folkestone,
E. W. Browne, vi.91”; two, “W. Purdey, ’92, Folkestone”.

First Record, 1831: Stephens, Haust., 3: 294.

Lobophora halterata Hufnagel : Seraphim.

Native. Woods, waysides; on aspen.

1. Bromley (Watchurst, Entomologist, 16: 19); scarce (Hope
Alderson, in Wool. Surv., 1909); 1961 (1), 1963 (2), 1964 (2), 1966 (2)

(124) entomologist’s record, vol. 87 15/XI-XII/75

(D. R. M. Long). Bromley Common, common among aspen (W. A.
Cope). Keston, 1905 (W. Barnes, in fVool. Surv., 1909). West Wickham
Wood (Wells, Entomologist, 25: 194); 1920 (de Worms, Land. Nat., 1956:
74); very common among aspen, 1926-29 (S. Wakely). Eltham, common
(Jones, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 70). Lee, 1892 (Fenn,
Ent. Rec., 3: 202) (Halfway Street (Wool. Surv., 1909), may refer).
Bexley district (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley Park
Woods, several, May 20th 1921, two. May 1926; Sidcup, singletons,
1921-23, 1927, 1937; Farningham, a few larvae, July 9th 1926 (A. R.
Kidner, Diary). Shooters Hill Woods, on tree trunks, July 11th 1955,
May 15th 1956 (A. A. Allen). Chislehurst, 1906, 1909, 1911, fairly com-
mon in one spot now destroyed (S. F. P. Blyth). Petts Wood, 1951, 1953
(A. M. Swain). Orpington, 1954 (L. W. Siggs); two, 1958 (R. G. Chate-
lain). Crofton, larva on aspen (D. R. M. Long). Abbey Wood, 1954
(A. J. Showier). Hartford, common (B. K. West). Bexley, $ , May 27th
1968 (D. O’Keeffe).

3. Sturry, one. May 16th 1925 (H. G. Gomm). Whitstable, common
on poplar trunks annually in South Street, also along railway line to
Chestfield; Blean (P. F. Harris).

4. Sandwich (V.C.H., 1908).

5. Chelsfield (A. M. Swain).

6a. Swanscombe, 1843-44 (Bedell, Zoologist, 1007). Cobham Wood,
June 1st 1915 (F. T. Grant). Darenth Wood, 1911-15, 1919, 1925, common
(F. T. Grant); (H. C. Huggins). Lords Wood (E. J. Hare).

7. Long Beech Wood (Scott, 1936).

8. Elham (W. E. Busbridge). Poulton; Whitfield (E. & Y., 1949).

10. Sevenoaks, two on poplar trunks, June 3rd 1922 (Gillett, Diary).
Brasted, amongst aspen (R. M. Prideaux). Westerham, larva (Jacobs,
Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1931-32: 75).

11. Mereworth Wood, one. May 15th 1949 (C.-H.). Aylesford,
three, 1954 (G. A. N. Davis). Hoads Wood (P. Cue); two, June 15th
1955 (W. L. Rudland).

12. Ham Street, June 1st 1935 (A. J. L. Bowes); (G. V. Bull);
several at light. May 14th-June 6th 1939; very common very locally in
Long Rope at rest on aspen trunks by day, May 15th 1948; many worn
(C.-H.); June 2nd-4th 1950, June lst-2nd 1956, in Orlestone Woods
(R. F. Bretherton).

13. Tunbridge Wells, fairly common (Knipe, 1916).

14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull).

Variation. — I have two ab. zonata Thunberg. from Ham Street,
and have seen other zonata from there (C.-H.). In RCK are the follow-
ing: ab. variegata Lempke, several from Bexley and N. Kent; ab.

zonata Thunberg, Folkestone, Bexley and N. Kent; ab. rudolphi Lampa,
Bexley (1), Bromley (1), N. Kent (1); ab. with “black base”, Bexley (2).

First Record, 1809: “Habitat Imago i Jun. in Betuletis Cantii, at
infrequens” (Haworth, Lep. Brit., 356).

Trichopteryx polycommata Denis & Schiffermiiller : Barred Tooth-striped.

Native. Bushy places on the chalk, probably casual elsewhere; on
Ligustrum vulgare.

1. “Two females . . . taken in a lane near Hartford Heath . . .
beginning of April 1824; and Mr B. Standish took two males upon the
wing the 10th April this year in the same place” (Curtis, Br. Ent., 81).
“Hartford” (Morris, Br. Moths, 2: 4); and “Between Eltham and Birch
Wood” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 276), may both refer to the previous record.

6. Greenhithe*, formerly (V.C.H., 1908).

6a. Darenth Wood. — “I took a fine specimen of Lobophora poly-
commaria at Darenth Wood on Easter Monday last” (1850) (Bouchard,
Zoologist, 2793); March, rare (Douglas, Zoologist, 3218).

8. Folkestone. — Listed by Ullyett (1880)*; exhibited at a meeting
of the S. London ent. nat. Hist. Soc. on September 12th 1889 by J. R.
Wellman (Barker, Entomoligist, 22: 264)*; two bred, March 7th 1904,
from larvae (H. D. Stockwell, Diary)*. Folkestone Warren. — 1932, 1933
(J. H. B. Lowe); common, Mach 29th 1939, ten larvae on L. vulgare.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(125)

June 10th 1962 (C.-H.); seventeen, April 8th 1951 (D. G. Marsh); com-
mon, 1955 (P. B. Wacher); A. M. Morley told me he had found poly-
commata the whole length of the Warren, but that it was mainly present
by the path leading down from Capel (C.-H.). Dover, by hedgerows,
April 1881 (Eedle, Entomologist, 14: 116); series bred 1953 (Youden,
Proc. S. Land. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1953-54: 50). Brook, 1947 (C^. A. W.
Duffield in Scott, 1950). Wye*, 1925 (15), bred by E. A. Cockayne, in
RCK (C.-H.).

10. Seal neighbourhood* (Carrington, Entomologist, 13: 76).

12. Wye, one at rest on a hedgerow, March 28th (not April 28th as
stated) 1949 (Chalmers-Hunt, Entomologist, 82: 140); March 10th (1),
11th (1), April 1st (1) 1957, all in light trap (W. L. Rudland).

16. Folkestone, one on fence, March 26th 1939 (A. M. Morley),

Variation. — In RCK are: ab. prospicua Prout, one, Folkestone,
1893; ab. with “pale ground”, one, Folkestone; ab. with “band distinct”,
one, Folkestone, 1904, L. B. Prout.

First Record, 1825: Curtis, loc. cit.

T. carpinata Borkhausen : Early Tooth-striped.

Native. Woods; foodplant unknown. Rare or extinct in 1, probably
casual in 15.

I. West Wickham, 1864, on Scotch fir trunks (Meek, Ent. mon.
Mag., 1: 190); April 1866 (Miller, in Ent. Ann., 1867: 156); May 3rd 1867
(Blackburn, Ent. mon. Mag., 4: 42); several (Geldart, Entomologist,
16: 135); common (Wells, Ent. Rec., 2: 87, 3: 35). Eltham, occasionally
(A. H. Jones, in Buckell & Prout, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1900: 70). Shooters Hill; West Wood; Hartford district*; Halfway Street
Woods; Dartford Heath (C, Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley district
(L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Farnborough, scarce (W. Barnes,
in Wool. Surv., 1909). Sidcup (V.C.H., 1908). Petts Wood, one seen
many years ago (S. F. P. Blyth). Bromley, one at light, April 6th 1961
(D. R. M. Long).

3. Herne Bay, April 12th 1933, April 13th 1934 (A. J. L. Bowes).
Canterbury, occasional (J. A. Parry). Dengrove, Sturry, one, April 6th
1938; Barton Wood, April 16th 1938 (C.-H.).

6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). Plaxdale Green, near Kingsdown, one,
1954 (B. K. West).

6a. Darenth (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 199).

7. Westwell (Scott, 1936). Long Beech Wood, four, April 15th
1939 (C.-H.).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Dover, one, April 20th 1909 (P. A.
Cardew, Diary)’, “in all the woods” (E. & Y., 1949). Elham, one, April
17th 1927 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary). Covert Wood, May 4th 1935
(J. H. B. Lowe). Brook* (C. A. W. Duffield). West Wood, one. May 21st
1950 (A. M. Morley).

10. Westerham* (see First Record). Sevenoaks (Hill, Entomologist,
19: 185). Brasted Chart, March 29th 1913, April 18th 1914 (Gillett,
Diary).

II. Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908); specimens in E. Goodwin coll.
(C.-H.). Maidstone, one (F. T. Grant). Aylesford, two, 1954 (G. A. N.
Davis). Hoads Wood, April 13th 1954, on catkins (P. Cue); two, April
11th 1955 (W. L. Rudland).

12. Ham Street. — April 16th 1934 (A. J. L. Bowes); occurs regu-
larly in small numbers in Long Rope and adjacent woods (C.-H.); ten,
April 23rd 1955 (W. L. Rudland); two. May 6th 1960 (R. G. Chatelain);
frequent annually, 1966-68 (D. O’Keeffe).

13. Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan).

15. Dungeness, one, June 11th 1932; one, April 4th 1946 (A. M.
Morley).

16. Near Hythe* (Morley, 1931).

Variation. — In RCK is ab. obscura Lempke, West Wickham, three
bred, ex Farn coll.

First Record, 1809: ”Phalaena costaestrigata Haw. . . . Habitat
in Cantio apud Westerham. Imago Truncis Jul. D. Plastead ’’(Haworth,

(126) entomologist’s record, vol. 87 15/XI-XII/75

Lep. Brit., 2: 319). The time of appearance is not indicative of the moth
and may be erroneous; but, the description agrees, and according to
Staudinger & Rebel (1901), oostaestrigata Haw. = carpmara Bork., so
presumably carpinata was intended. For a more positive first record,
however, there appears to be nothing earlier than 1864: Meek, loc. cit.

Pterapherapteryx sexalata Retzius : Small Seraphim.

Native. Woods, marshes, sallow carr; [on sallow]. Evidently long
extinct in div. 1.

1. Lewisham, one, July 30th 1846, at sugar (Stainton, Zoologist,
1790); one, July 16th 1847 (Stainton, Zoologist, 1915). Halfway Street
Wood, July 6th 1867, by A. H. Jones (Fenn, Diary). Abbey Wood (Juby
& Hards, 1925). [(Orpington, 1948 (Siggs, in de Worms, Land. Nat.,
1956: 74) is erroneous (L. W. Siggs, in litt.).)\

2. Faversham* (J. P. Barrett, Entomologist, 3: 331).

4. Ham Fen, one, June 17th 1950, one, July 2nd 1955 (C.-H.).
Minster Marshes, June 25th (1), July 16th (1) 1951 (W. D. Bowden).
Stodmarsh, larva, imago emerged June 25th 1954 (E. Philp). Worth, July
27th 1967 (T. W. Harman).

6a. Chattenden Roughs, one. May 1874, by J. J. Walker; and
another since (Chaney, 1884-87). [Darenth Wood, six. May 25th 1912
{Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1912-13: 26).]

7. Westwell, one, in G. V. Bull coll, taken by E. Scott, August 4th
1945 (C.-H.).

10. Seal Chart, July 10th 1937 (Coote, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1937-38: 45). Westerham, one at light, 1938 (R. C. Edwards).

11. Aylesford, two, 1954 (G. A. N. Davis). Maidstone Town, one,
July 16th 1955 (E. Philp). Hoads Wood, one, June 24th 1954, one, July
13th 1955 (P. Cue MS.).

12. Wye* (Scott, 1936). Brook* (C. A. W. Duffield).

13. Tunbridge Wells district*, rather scarce (M. M. Phipps, in
Knipe, 1916).

First Record, 1809: “Imago in Sylvaticis Cantii, i. Aug. at valde
infrequens” (Haworth, Lep. Brit., 357).

Acasis viretata Hiibner : Yellow-barred Brindle.

Native. Bushy places, etc.; on ivy.

1. Birch Wood (see First Record). West Wickham, May 24th 1862
(Wormald, Week. Ent., 1: 141); 1930 (Wakely, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1930-31: 75); May 1952 (Birchenough in de Worms, Lond.
Nat., 1956: 74). Eltham, occasionally at light (A. H. Jones in Buckell
& Prout, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 70). Lee (W. West
in Wool. Surv., 1909). Dartford Heath (Fenn in Wool. Surv., 1909).
Bexley district (L. W. Newman in Wool. Surv., 1909). Farnborough,
one, 1901 (Hewitt in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley (L. T. Ford). Petts Wood,
one, 1951 (A. M. Swain). Bromley, May 13th (1), 20th (1) 1960, April
17th (1), May 3rd (1), August 5th (1), 8th (1), 13th (1) 1961, August 9th
1963 (1), May 19th (1), 31st (1), August 19th (1) 1964, August 19th 1965
(1), August 22nd 1966 (1), all at light (D. R. M. Long). St. Mary Cray,
July 29th 1964 (1) at light (R. G. Chatelain).

3. Whitstable, one, August 6th 1937 (P. F. Harris). Herne Bay,
occurs rarely (A. J. L. Bowes). Bysing Wood (H. C. Huggins). Eddington,
May 16th 1946 (1), June 20th 1950 (1), 1951 (1), 1952 (2), May 16th
1953 (1) (D. G. Marsh). Broad Oak, one. May 15th 1938 (C.-H.).
Canterbury City, very occasional (J. A. Parry).

4. Ickham, several, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). Worth, 1961; several
at m.v.l., 1969 (T. W. Harman).

5. Knockholt, June 4th 1917 (Gillett, Diary). Halstead (R. E. E.
Frampton teste S. Wakely). Chelsfield, one, 1952 (A. M. Swain). Wester-
ham (R. C. Edwards).

6. Greenhithe* (Earn MS.). Pinden, one, 1952 (E. J. Hare). Cuxton,
larva, moth bred April 1911 (Russell, Ent. Rec., 24: 145). Eynsford, one
larva on ivy, 1951 (H. E. Hammond). Kingsdown, six on larch trunks
one day in 1952 (B. K. West). Shoreham, one, August 26th 1956 (Jacobs,

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (127)

Proc. S. Land. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1956; 84). Trottiscliffe, August 25th
1962 (Massee, Proc. S. Land. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1962: 100).

6a. Darenth (Gregson, Week. Ent., 1; 92).

7. Westwell (Scott, 1936); “usually common” (Scott, 1950).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Folkestone Warren, 1929 (Morley,
1931). Wye, September 2nd 1937 (A. J. L. Bowes); two. May 31st 1951
(G. Law); one, August 17th 1953 (W. L. Rudland). Brook, larvae, 1936
(E. Scott); an imago. May 8th (A. M. Morley, Diary). Dover, larva,
September 23rd 1934 (J. H. B. Lowe); several, 1942-44 (B. O. C.
Gardiner). Alkham; Betteshanger; Deal; Ewell Minnis; Shepherdswell;
Waldershare (E. & Y., 1949).

9. Minster, one, 1914 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Ramsgate, one. May
15th 1918 (J. W. C. Hunt); one. May 12th 1920 (Sergeant Entomologist,
53: 188). Broadstairs, one, 1920 (Hayward, Enotomologist, 53: 236).
Margate, one on fence. May 16th 1920 (H. G. Gomm, Diary)’, three,
August 10th-20th 1950, two, June 14th-19th 1951 (W. D. Bowden).
Westgate, one, August 6th 1920, on sycamore trunk (H. G. Gomm,
Diary). Birchington, one, August 4th 1926 (H. G. Gomm, Diary)’, one,
June 12th 1951 (W. D. Bowden).

10. Sevenoaks, August 6th 1920, August 20th 1922 (Gillett, Diary).

11. Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908). Benenden (G. V. Bull). Ayles-
ford, two, 1953, two, 1954, one. May 24th 1955 (G. A. N. Davis). Hoads
Wood (P. Cue). Sevenoaks Weald, four, April 24th-August 20th 1960
(E. A. Sadler).

12. Ashford, August 22nd 1954 (P. Cue). Willesborough, one,
August 24th 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Ham Street, one, September 2nd
1934 (A. G. Peyton); June 2nd 1956, in Orlestone Woods (R. F. Brether-
ton). Charing, one, 1960 (M. Singleton). W. Ashford, one at light, 1960
(M. Enfield). Willesborough, one, 1960 (D. Youngs). Hothfield Common,
August 23rd 1961 (Scott, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1961: 84).

13. Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan). Goudhurst, one, 1951, one,
1960 (W. V. D. Bolt).

14. Hawkhurst, 1869 (Melvill, Entomologist, 5 (74), ii). Sand-
hurst, one, 1931, one, 1943, one, 1948 (G. V. Bull).

16. Folkestone (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — In RCK are two examples, from W. Kent, 1907, of an
ab. with “markings sparse or obsolescent”.

First Record, 1831: “I have taken three or four examples at Birch-
wood” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 278).

Abraxas grossulariata L. : Magpie.

Native. Gardens, orchards, hedgerows, bushy places, etc.; on Euony-
mous europaeus, E. japonicus, sloe, hawthorn, gooseberry, plum, black-
currant, flowering currant. “Generally abundant” (V.C.H., 1908).
Frequent and recorded from all divisions except 10 (probably occurs).

The moth is normally on the wing in July and early August, but
in 1939 A. R. Kidner (Diary) noted it at Sidcup as early as June 12th;
and in 1960, de Worms (Entomologist, 94: 163) recorded seeing it in the
Ham Street area on September 3rd.

In town gardens the larva is mainly on the cultivated Euonymous
japonicus, and in country areas on sloe, becoming in certain years
extremely plentiful on both. For example, in 1929, it swarmed on the
Euonymous hedge in my garden at Birchington to such a degree that
one could easily have collected them in handfulls (C.-H.); and in 1861,
Fenn (Diary) noted that in the Lewisham area on April 15th, it “swarmed
on every sloe bush”. Kershaw (Entomologist, 51; 66-68) records the larva
at West Wickham in 1917 on gooseberry, and J. F. D. Frazer found it
on this at Sole Street in 1950. Serjeant (Entomologist, 53: 188) noted it
in Thanet on plum; and in the Sandhurst district. Bull (Entomologist,
63: 65) records beating out the larva from hawthorn. The larva was
formerly very harmful in Kentish currant plantations (cf. Whitehead
teste Theobald, Insects & other Allied Pests, 207; and Douglas, Ent. mon.
Mag., 19: 118); but is possibly no longer so owing to the use of chemical

(128) entomologist’s record, vol. 87 15/XI-XII/75

sprays. Finally, West (Ent. Rec., 77: 49) records the larva at Bexley
Heath on Ribes sanguineum (Flowering Currant); and D. R. M. Long
noted it at Eynsford on Euonymous europaeus (Spindle).

Normally the species hibernates as a small larva which feeds up
in the spring to pupate in May and June. Occasionally, however, the
larva reaches full-growth in the autumn; thus, B. K. West observed a
number in the penultimate instar on R. sanguineum at Bexley Heath
on October 20th 1963, and Colthrup {Ent. Rec., 31: 76) records finding,
spun up under a coping at Margate on December 16th 1918, a larva
which pupated that day.

Variation. — Mosley {Proc. S. Land. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1938-39:
27) exhibited ab. lacticolor Raynor and one with “smokey forewings”,
selected from 62 examples bred from wild Folkestone larvae. Sperring
{Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1909-10: 92; Ent. Rec., 21: 197, fig.;
22: 300, figs.) exhibited an ab. with forewings much more suffused with
black than usual, taken at Charlton by Coppeard; and Williams {Proc.
S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1886: 46, plate 1, fig. 2) exhibited a striking
ab. bred from Sidcup.

The following abs. are in RCK: cupreofasciata Raynor, Bexley, one,
bred; axantha Raynor, Bromley, N. Kent, Brockley; paucisignata
Lempke, Folkestone, several; radiata Raynor, Folkestone; continua
Lempke + impunctifasciata Ons., Bexley, bred; aontinua Lempke, with
“cream ground”, Folkestone; magnipuncta Lempke, Bexley, albispatiata
Raynor, N. Kent; trans ad nigrolineata Raynor, Lewisham; trans ad
hazeleighensis Raynor, N. Kent, Lewisham; lunulata Porritt with
“elongated marginal spots on forewing”, N. Kent, Bexley; melanapicata
Porritt with “fore and hindwings radiated”, Bexley; cuneata Raynor,
N. Kent, Brockley, Folkestone; nigrosparsata Raynor with “fine pepper-
ing”, N. Kent, Bexley; nigrosparsata Raynor with “cream ground colour”,
Lewisham, bred; nigrosparsata Raynor, N. Kent, two, bred; nigrotincta
Raynor, N. Kent, one, Bexley, several, bred; subviolacea Raynor, Bexley,
infrafasciata Raynor, Bexley; vaccata Porritt, Bexley, bred, N. Kent,
bred; dohrnii Koenig {= lacticolor Raynor), Bexley, one, bred; centrali-
puncta Raynor, Kent, one, 1888, bred; chalcozona Raynor, Bexley, one,
1945, bred. Also, two exhibiting peroneural defect: Bexley, bred 1908,
L. T. Ford; S.E. London, C. W. Sperring.

Black larvae have been twice recorded. In South-east London,
Adkin {Ent. Rec., 17: 45) found them on “an old bush growing in a
densely smoky district, close to the Thames”; and West {Ent Rec., 18:
198) took larvae “entirely black, that had hybernated on tarred fences
near blackcurrant trees”.

First Record, 1861: Lewisham (Fenn, Diary, 8.iv.l861).

A. sylvata Scopoli : Clouded Magpie.

Native. Woods, copses, parkland; on Ulmus glabra, U. procera.

Note: An extremely local species. Colonies exist at Dover, Shore-
ham, Abbey Wood and probably elsewhere. There is some indication
that the moth occasionally migrates. In 1951, following violent and wide-
spread thunderstorms, it appeared almost simultaneously in localities
whence it was previously unknown, together with such known or sus-
pected immigrants as Lithosia quadra L. and Spodoptera exigua Hiibner.

1. “I possess a specimen captured on Shooters’-hill” (Stephens,
Haust., 3: 246). West Wickham, June 27th 1857, one taken by J. Fran-
court (Newman, Zoologist, 5719); June 1857 (Wood, Ent. week. Int.,
2: 109). Near Woolwich [Abbey Wood?] June 18th (1861) (A. H.
J[ones], Ent. week. Int., 10: 187). Abbey Wood. — one, June 26th 1861
(Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 10: 196); one, June 6th 1862 (Fenn, Diary)', June
21st 1930, in considerable numbers {Lond. Nat., 1930: 15); common
locally in Lessness Woods, 1948 (J. F. Burton); 1953 (J. Green); one,
1956 (W. J. Popham); one in m.v. trap, 1958 (A. J. Showier). Orpington,
one, June 29th 1957 (R. G. Chatelain).

4. Ham Fen, one, June 17th 1950, one, July 9th 1960 (C.-H.).
Sandwich, one on a gas lamp, July 31st 1951 (W. D. Bowden). Ickham,
July 15th 1956 (1) (D. G. Marsh).

5. Downe, one, 1891 (Hope Alderson, in Wool. Surv., 1909); one
worn $ , July 8th 1973 (C.-H.). High Elms, August 2nd-3rd 1962 (about

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(129)

14) at m.v.l. (B. F. Skinner); August 10th 1962 (several) at m.v.l. (R. G.
Chatelain); 1963, several taken by T. Honeybourne (B. K. West); July
26th 1964 (a few) (R. G. Chatelain); larva on wych elm (D. R. M.
Long).

6. Between Whitehill and Dunstead Priory, Shoreham, 1939 (3),
1942 (1), 1947 (1), 1950 (1) (H. E. Hammond).

7. Chatham district. — Taken some years ago near the Hook and
Hatchet Inn, by Mr Tyrer (Chaney, 1884-87). Tyer {Ent. Rec., 1: 110)
says he first took sylvata near Chatham twenty years ago, i.e. in 1870.
Between Chatham and Queendov^n Warren, a few, June 6th 1890;
Queendown Warren, one, June 10th 1891 (Tyrer, Ent. Rec., 1: 207,
2: 111). Rainham Park, two, 1940 (R. F. Birchenough). Wood between
Detling and Bredhurst, two by Cave-Brown [c. 1880] are in Maidstone
Museum (C.-H.).

8. Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870). Dover. — “Formerly com-
mon, but now extinct for miles around Dover” (Webb, South, east. Nat.
{Dover), 1903: 55); five, July 10th, 13th 1939, at Kearsney and Temple
Ewell {Entomologist, 72: 220; E. & Y., 1949); one in the town on fence,
c. 1947 (J. A. Parry); in a garden at River, imagines 1939, July 20th
1940, July 13th, 21st 1943, July 20th 1944, June 16th, 23rd 1945, July
1950, July 1st, 7th 1951; 29 larvae on elm, August 27th-September 16th
1942, larvae, 1954 (B. O. C. Gardiner). Near East Studdal, common,
August 1962 (D. L. Coats per G. H. Youden).

9. Garlinge, $, July 22nd 1915 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Ramsgate,
^ , June 1926 (J. W. C. Hunt).

10. St. Julien’s, near Sevenoaks (1841) (Tylden, Entomologist,
1: 204).

12. Orleston Woods. I took 2 5^,5 $ $ at m.v. light in 1951 as
follows: July 25th (1), 30th (3), 31 (3), and the only examples of the
species known to me for the Ham Street area (C.-H.). Ashford Town,
two, 1959 (P. Cue). Brook*, 1959 (Duffield teste Scott, 1964).

14. Tenterden, c. 1855 (S. C. Tress Beale, Diary).

16. Folkestone Town, one, July 1945 (D. Smith teste A. M.
Morley); one, August 4th 1951 (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — Youden {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1953-54:
50) exhibited a specimen of ab. pantarioides Spitz, bred from a $ taken
Dover, 1952.

First Record, 1831: Shooter’s Hill (Stephens, loc. cit.).

Lomaspilis marginata L. : Clouded Border.

Native. Woods, copses, carr; on sallow, white poplar, aspen, hazel.
“Generally abundant” {V.C.H., 1908). Frequent but apparently most
plentiful in wet woodland. Found in all divisions; few records for 7,
probably casual in 9.

The moth appears in June and July seemingly in one long emergence,
but in early years may be well out before the end of May. In 1893, Tutt
{Ent. Rec., 4: 229) noted it on the wing [at Chattenden] on April 29th,
a remarkably early date; and in 1965, D. R. M. Long observed it at
light at Bromley as late as August 30th.

A. R. Kidner {Diary) found larvae “in abundance on popular, etc.”
at Darenth on September 25th 1910, severally on hazel at Farningham
Wood on July 9th 1926, and fairly plentifully on poplar at St. Paul’s
Cray Common on September 12th 1911. F. T. Grant records finding
them on aspen at Stansted on August 28th 1923; and D. R. M. Long
records the larva at Crofton on aspen and sallow, and at Petts Wood
on white poplar.

7. Boxley, 1953 (A. H. Harbottle). Westwell, one in RCK (C.-H.).

9. Margate, one, 1908, in RCK (C.-H.); June 28th 1951 (W. D.
Bowden).

Variation. — In RCK are the following aberrations: discocellaris
Stand., N. Kent, Eynsford, Brasted Chart, Westwell, Margate; naevaria
Hiibn., Bexley, one; staphylaeata Scop., Westerham, Bexley, N. Kent;
Osthelder, Chattenden, Folkestone; demarginata Fuchs, Enysford, Chat-
tenden; subdeleta Ckll., Wye, Canterbury; albociliata Horhammer, Ham
Street, one, 1939, Chattenden; diluta Cockayne, Folkestone; also, ab. with

(130) entomologist’s record, VOL. 87 15/XI-XII/75

“discoidal spot united with costal bar”, Darenth, N. Kent, Bexley, Near
Canterbury, Westerham; ab. with “forewings normal, hindwings albo-
marginata” , Eynsford.

Bond {Entomologist, 13: 169, fig. 3) recorded one taken near Maid-
stone in 1878, in which the only marking is an unbroken fascia on fore-
wing, and I took an extreme ab. in East Blean Wood in 1973, having
the marginal and costal markings greatly reduced (C.-H.).

First Record, 1859: Greenhithe (Fenn, Diary, 31.V.1859).

Ligdia adustata Denis & Schiffermuller : Scorched Carpet.

Native. Woods, hedgerows, bushy places; on Euonymus europaeus.
“Locally common” {V.C.H., 1908). Found in all divisions (except 2, 4 and
15), though mainly on the chalk of 6-8. Suspected casual in 4, 9, 10.

The larva has been recorded by Levett {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1886: 41) from the Shooters Hill district; by Carr {Ento-
molgist, 33: 40) from Bexley; and A. R. Kidner {Diary) records finding it
as follows: Ruxley Corner, October 5th 1927 (3), Joydens Wood, Sep-
tember 25th 1911 (1), August 27th 1920 (a few), Dartford, June 16th
1912 (several half-grown), Luddesdown, September 12th 1934 (several).
D. R. M. Long has had the larva on spindle {E. europaeus) at Shoreham
and Eynsford.

4. Ickham, c. 1956 (D. G. Marsh).

9. Minster, one, September 6th 1915; Margate, one, August 9th
1921; Birchington, one, August 17th 1927 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Monk-
ton, one, July 16th 1911 (J. W. C. Hunt). Broadstairs, June 4th, July
20th 1951 (W. D. Bowden).

10. Brasted Station, May 31st 1912 (F. Gillett, Diary).

Variation. — B. K. West took a $ ab., Dartford, May 4th 1952,

paler than normal and having the postmedian band on forewing broken
i from costa.

In RCK is ab. plumbea Cockayne, holotype $ , Bexley, March 25th
1903 (originally described in Entomologist, 83: 53, pit. 1 fig. 13, but
first recorded in Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1903: 69).

First Record, 1831: “Abundant, but local, in several of the chalky
districts round the metropolis, especially at Darenth Wood” (Stephens,
Haust., 3:251).

Semiothisa notata L. : Peacock-moth.

Native. Woods; on Spanish chestnut [and birch]. Now rare or
extinct in div. 1.

1. Birch Wood (Stephens, Plaust., 3: 320). West Wickham, July

1856 (Wildman, Ent. week. Int., 1: 132); 1858 (Healy, Ent. week Int.,

4: 83); June 29th 1861 (Fenn, Diary); 1862 (Wormald, Week Ent., 1: 128);

1864 (Meek, Ent. mon. Mag., 1: 190); 1890, 1892 (Wells, Entomologist,
24: 74, 25: 193); abundant, 1893 (Robinson, Entomologist, 26: 226); 1950
(E. Trundell, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1957: 154). Petts Wood, one,
August 16th 1865 (Fenn, Diary). Chislehurst, 1890 (Tutt, Ent. Rec.,
1: 64); one, July 8th 1906, one, July 16th 1907, one. May 24th 1943

(S. F. P. Blyth). Plumstead (Turner, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist Soc.,

1895: 45). Bexley district (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909).
Shooters Hill (A. H. Jones, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Beckenham (W. S.
Bolas, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Pauls Cray Common, a larva, September
28th 1911; Farningham, one, July 9th 1926 (A. R. Kidner, Diary).
Abbey Wood (Juby & Hards, 1925); June 21st 1930 (Burkill, Lond Nat.,
1930: 15); 1947 (A. J. Showier). Bromley, one, August 7th 1964 (D. R. M.
Long).

2. Near Queenborough, one, 1871 (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag.,
8: 184).

3. Blean Wood [Thornden Wood], one. May 31st 1861 (Fenn,
Diary). Bysing Wood (H. C. Huggins). Elbridge Wood, one, July 1st
1921 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Great Hall and adjacent woods, not com-
mon, 1934-48 (C.-H.).

5. Farnborough* (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Downe (R. F.
Birchenough, in de Worms, hoc. cit.).

6. Greenhithe, one. May 31st 1859 (Fenn, Diary).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, loc. cit.); 1856, 1858 (Harding, Ent.
week. Int., 1: 76, 4: 84); 1891 (Buckell, Ent. Rec., 2: 234); not common
(B. K. West). Cobham Wood, one, June 26th 1882 (Pye, Rochester Nat.,
1896 (51), 353); May 7th 1912 (F. T. Grant). Hartford district* (W. West,
in Wool. Surv., 1909). Chattenden (H. C. Huggins).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). Long Beach Wood; Kings
Wood (Scott, 1936). Westwell (Scott, 1950).

8. Near Dover (Stephens, loc. cit.). Horndean Wood (Knaggs,
1870). Dover (Webb, 1899). Woolwich Wood, June 5th (3), 9th (1), 26th
(3) 1901; Kearsney, one, June 25th 1901 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary). Elham
Park Wood, July 6th-7th 1926, June 22nd 1933 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary).
Covert Wood, June 13th 1949 (G. H. Youden). Bridge, c. 1945 (R.
Gorer). Brook* (Scott, 1964).

10. Brasted Station, June 25th 1912; Solefields Woods, Sevenoaks,
July 5th 1919 (Gillett, Diary). Brasted, in pine woods (R. M. Prideaux).
Seal Chart (Coote, Proc. S. London, ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1937-38: 45);
1948 (Howarth, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist Soc., 1948-49: 71). Wester-
ham (Leston, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1951-52: 72). Near
Riverhead, June 3rd 1950 (D. G. Marsh). Goodly Stock, two, July 6th
1956 (C.-H.).

11. Vintners Park, Maidstone, c. 1890 (F. T. Grant). Wateringbury;
Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Tonbridge district, 1911 (Rattray, Entomologist,
45: 80X Aylesford (G. A. N. Davis). Hoath Wood, Wateringbury, two
larvae beaten from Spanish chestnut, August 24th 1966, moths emerged
1967 (C.-H.). Hoads Wood (P. Cue).

12. Ham Street, several at light, June 17th 1934, June 26th 1936
(A. J. L. Bowes). Long Rope and adjacent woods in Orlestone group,
moths frequent 1938 and since, e.g., numerous at light, June 15th-16th
1951, June 5th 1954 (C.-H.); Orlestone Woods, 1959-60 (M. Singleton);
August 15th-20th 1960 (C. R. Haxby and J. Briggs); common, 1968
(D. O’Keeffe). Ashford Town (P. Cue). Willesborough, one, June 2nd
1955 (W. L. Rudland). Potters Corner 1958-59 (M. Singleton). Hothfield
(Scott, 1964).

13. Pembury, 1856 (Weir, Ent. week. Int., 1: 124). Tunbridge Wells
(E. D. Morgan). Groombridge (Bull, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1931-32: 59).

14. Knock Wood, 1856 (Beale, Ent. week. Int., 1: 91) (Tenterden
(Stainton, loc. cit.) refers). Goudhurst, one, 1952 (W. V. D. Bolt).

Variation. — I took a very good ab. uniformata Lempke $ at Long
Rope, Orlestone, June 5th 1954, and the most extreme uniformata I
have seen (Chalmers-Hunt, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1954-55:
21).

In RCK are the following named abs.: luteolaria Tengstrdm, Wester-
ham (many, bred 1902), Chislehurst (bred), Darenth (several, bred);
fuscomarginata Lempke, N. Kent, West Wickham; uniformata Lempke,
near Canterbury, Westerham.

First Record, 1831: Stephens, Haust., 3: 320.

S. alternaria Hubner : Sharp-angled Peacock.

Resident, perhaps native. Woods, coastal sandhills; on Hippophae
rhamnoides, [and possible sallow] .

Note: Of regular occurrence on Sea Buckthorn {H. rhamnoides)
in div. 15, where it is presumably a colonist. Relatively rare elsewhere,
though long known as an inhabitant of woodland in some localities.

1. West Wickham, 1864 (Meek, Ent. mon. Mag., 1: 190). Bexley
district, rare (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909).

4. Ham Fen, one, June 17th 1950 (C.-H.). Worth, September
3rd 1964 (T. W. Harman). Worth and Sandwich Bay, fairly common at
m.v. light, 1969 (Harman, Ent. Rec., 77: 32).

6. Eynsford, five, 1904, in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.).

6a. Darenth Wood (see First Record).

8. “Woods around Dover” (Webb, 1891). Folkestone; Dover;
Shepherdswell; “sometimes commoner than the preceding species [5".
notata] , according to Mr. Sydney Webb” (V.C.H., 1908).

9. Margate, one, August 12th 1923, in H. G. Gomm coll. (C.-H.);

15/11/76

(132) entomologist’s record, vol. 88

one, August 7th 1950, one. May 24th 1951 (W. D. Bowden).

11. Hoads Wood, June 13th 1946 (Scott, 1950).

12. Ham Street Woods. — S, at light, June 17th 1934 (A. J. L.
Bowes); one, June 2nd 1950 (R. Fairclough); one in Long Rope, at m.v.
light, August 1st 1951 (C.-H.); June 24th 1960 (de Worms, Entomologist,
94: 161); August 15th 1969 (de Worms, Entomologist, 103: 131).

13. Tonbridge district, scarce* (Knipe, 1916).

15. St. Mary’s Bay, one, August 15th 1947 (P. le Masurier). Great-
stone, four ^ ^ beaten out of Sea Buckthorn, May 31st 1958 (C.-H.);
and sixteen more by S. Wakely a few days later (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 71:
94); about 30 disturbed from Sea Buckthorn, August 26th 1958 (C.-H.);
larvae beaten from Sea Buckthorn in July and again on September 10th
1961 (Chalmers-Hunt, Ent. Rec., 74:51). The species has been recorded
from here on many occasions since, e.g. Ent. Rec., 76: 93, Entomologist,
98: 156.

16. Folkestone, 1948 (1), 1951 (2), 1953 (1), 1955 (1) (A. M.
Morley).

Variation. — In RCK are: ab. lineata Lempke, N. Kent; and ab.
fuscomarginaria Dannh., N. Kent.

First Record, 1831: Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 320).

S. liturata Clerck : Tawny-barred Angle.

Resident. Woods, plantations; on Pinus sylvestris.

I. Plumstead (Courtney, Entomologist, 1: 227). West Wickham
(Barrett, Ent. week. Int., 7:75); 1861 (Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 10:195);
1891, 1892 (Wells, Entomologist, 25: 193, Ent. Rec., 3: 35); a larva on
P. sylvestris in Well Shave Wood September 1950, moth emerged May
16th 1951 (C.-H.). Bostall Wood (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Keston
(W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Orpington, 1953 (L. W. Siggs). Abbey
Wood, 1954 (A. J. Showier). Blackheath, June 21st (1), August 2nd
1960 (1) (A. A. Allen). Bromley, 1960 (20), 1961 (12), 1962 (17), 1963
(19), 1964 (20), 1965 (29), earliest date May 4th 1960, latest September
3rd 1960, with maximum (4) on August 11th 1965 (D. R. M. Long).

3. Bysing Wood (H. C. Huggins). Thornden Wood, July 1937; West
Blean Wood, July 6th 1946 (C.-H.). Eddington (D. G. Marsh).

4. Sandwich, one, July 12th 1923 (H. G. Gomm, Diary).

5. Downe (W. Barnes in Wool. Surv., 1909). High Elms, one, July
26th 1964 (R. G. Chatelain).

6. Otford (Stephens, Haust., 3: 321). Greenhithe* (Earn MS.).
Eynsford (B. K. West). Shoreham, 1946 (H. E. Hammond).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). Westwell, July 5th 1932,
July 10th 1946 (G. V. Bull, Diary)-, August 8th 1955 (C.-H.); one, 1960
(M. Enfield).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). West Wood, 1949, “common in both
generations” (Morley, Trans. Folkestone nat. Hist. Soc., 1949-50: 18).
Little Mongham (E. & Y., 1949). Betteshanger (E. & Y., 1949); July 6th
1957 (R. F. Bretherton).

10. Westerham (see First Record)', 1898 (Prout, Trans. Cy. Lond.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1897-98: 8); (R. C. Edwards). Seal, 1905 (Adkin,
Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1905-06: 41). Brasted, in pine woods
(R. M. Prideaux); June 16th 1916 (Gillett, Diary). Sevenoaks, 1940
(F. D. Greenwood). Borough Green, June 11th 1950 (C.-H.).

II. Mereworth (H. C. Huggins). Bethersden (G. V. Bull). Aylesford
(G. A. N. Davis). Hoads Wood (P. Cue MS.). Sevenoaks Weald, July
18th, August 23rd, 30th 1959 (E. A. Sadler).

12. Ham Street (Scott, 1936); frequent at light in Orlestone Woods,
June-July 1951 (C.-H.); Orlestone, 1959 (M. Enfield); common, 1960
(M. Singleton).

13. Pembury, common (Stainton, Man., 2: 56). Groombridge (Bull,
Pnoc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1931-32: 59). Tunbridge Wells (E, D.
Morgan). Benenden Forest, August 13th 1937, June 3rd 1942, June 25th

1951 (G. V. Bull, Diary). Goudhurst, two, 1954 (W. V. D. Bolt).

15. Dungeness, one, August 3rd 1951 (C.-H.). Dymchurch, one,

1952 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 65: 43).

16. Near Hythe (Morley, 1931). Folkestone Town, one by A. G.
Rkldell, June 25th 1952 (A. M. Morley).

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Variation. — The melanic ab. nigrofulvata Collins first occurred
in Kent in 1951 when D. G. Marsh took one at light in his garden at
Eddington near Herne Bay, August 3rd (cf. Marsh, Proc. S. Lond. ent.
nat. Hist. Soc., 1951-52: 34). B. K. West noted a few nigrofulvata at
m.v. at Joydens Wood, 1973-75.

In RCK are ab. lineata Lempke, West Wickham; ab. trexleri
Schwerda, six, bred, Brasted Chart.

First Record, 1809: “Habitat prope Westerham Cantii. Imago Aug.
Nemoribus. Exemplarium unicum mancum solum vidi” (Haworth, Lep.
Brit., 2: 346).

S. clathrata L. : Latticed Heath,

Resident, perhaps native. Lucerne fields, railway banks, flowery
waysides, dry open woodland, etc.; on Medicago sativa. Frequent and
found in all divisions.

The moth is apparently in two generations, from May to early June
and again from July to early September; however, in 1938 (an early
year) L. W. Newman {Entomologist, 71: 139) noted it “in swarms” at
Bexley on April 13 th.

The only record of the larva is of fifteen that I swept in a matter
of about ten minutes from lucerne (M. sativa) at St. Nicholas-at-Wade
on October 5th 1947, and from which I bred several moths in April 1948
(C.-H.).

Variation. — Chaney (1884-87) records on “entirely black” ab.
taken by A. B. Farn in Chattenden Rough; and Tunstall {Proc. S. Lond,
ent. nat. Hist Soc., 1947-48: 38) exhibited an ab. with “suffused fore-
wings” taken in S.E. Kent, July 28th 1947. De Worms {Entomologist,
79: 77) noted that on September 2nd 1945, a lucerne field near Folkestone
was “alive with Chiasmia clathrata in an amazing degree of variation”.

Cockayne (in Ent. Rec., 64: 241) described ab. lacticiliata from a 5
taken at Chattenden, July 12th 1895; and (in Entomologist , 83: 55) ab.
diluta from a ^ taken by W. Purdey, Folkestone, 1906. Ab. radiata
Haworth {= cancellaria Hiibn.) was based on Kent occurrence (cf,
Haworth, Lep. Brit., 2: 348).

The following aberrations are in RCK: chrefieni Th.-Mieg,, Chat-
tenden, Westwell, Folkestone; diluta Ckne., holotype (see above); demar-
ginata Lempke, N. Kent; opipara Dank, Farningham, one, 1881; radiata
Haw., Dover, one; crassesignata Lempke, Chattenden; trans ad albogut-
tata Fettig, N. Kent. Also, ab. with “brownish tinge”, Chattenden; ab.
with “subterminal heavy”, E. Kent, one; ab. with “basal and antemedian
fused on forewings”, N. Kent; ab. with “basal and antemedian fused on
fore and hindwings”, Westwell, one; an ab. from Chattenden figured in
Mosley’s Illustrations, no specimen in RCK, but copy of figure from
Mosley present.

First Record, 1798: “This is a rare insect, except in Kent, where
Dr. Latham informs us it is more common than the preceding species
[Ematurga atomaria L,]” (Donovan, Nat. Hist. Br. Ins., 7:86).

S. brunneata Thunberg : Rannoch Looper.

Probable immigrant. Four confirmed specimens only within the past
80 years.

The earliest known occurrence is of an imago which the late L. T.
Ford took at Bexley (div. 1) about 1896 (L. T. Ford in litt.). It has been
subsequently taken as follows: — 1946: Church Wood, Blean (div. 3),
^ June 23rd taken by C. G. M. de Worms (de Worms, Entomologist,
80:115; idem, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1947-48:1). 1947:
Between Oldridge Wood and Pine Wood, Littlebourne, $ June 7th taken
by J. A. Parry (Sankey, Entomologist , 80: 221; J. A. Parry personal
comm.). 1960: Folkestone Warren, ^ June 27th taken by R. M. Mere
at m.v. light (Mere, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1960: 15; idem,
in litt.).

[Gravesend, six at Rev. Burney coll, sale, stated to have been taken
by D. T. Button in 1867 (South, Entomiologist, 27: 104). In view of
Button’s reputed unreliability, this record cannot be accepted without
reserve.]

(134) entomologist’s record, vol. 88 15/11/76

Variation. — According to Mere iProc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1960; 15), the Folkestone specimen “appeared to be different from the
Scottish form, being a little larger and brighter”. R. M. Mere {in lift.
25.vii.1960) subsequently informed me that the specimen was of the
“large pale continental form” (C.-H.).

First (Confirmed) Notice, c. 1896: Bexley (L. T. Ford).

S. wauaria L. : V-moth.

Resident. Gardens (especially old gardens); on currant, gooseberry.
“Generally abundant” {V.C.H., 1908). This statement is not supported
by the records, though the species is usually not very scarce where it
occurs and has been found in every division except 15.

1. Lee (see First Record). West {Ent. Rec., 18: 173) records breeding
it from larvae found on currant and gooseberry at Greenwich, Lee and
elsewhere in the Woolwich district. Recorded in the past from many
localities throughout the division, and more recently from: Petts Wood,
c. 1947 (E. Evans); 1950-51 (A. M. and F. A. Swain). Abbey Wood,
1952 (A. J. Showier). Orpington, 1948-49 (L. W. Siggs). St. Mary Cray
(R. G. Chatelain). Blackheath, not very common at m.v.l. in garden
(A. A. Allen). West Wickham, 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell); occasionally
since at light (C.-H.). Bexley, ^ , July 1966 (D. O’Keefe). Bromley, one,
1950 (C.-H.); one, June 24th 1961, August 1st (1), 6th (1) 1962, August
8th (1), 17th (1) 1965 (D. R. M. Long).

2. Rochester (Chaney, 1884-87). Gravesend, two at street lamp,
1913 (F. T. Grant).

3. Canterbury City, fairly common (J. A. Parry). Broad Oak, one,
July 11th 1946, one, July 31st 1948, one, July 22nd 1951 (C.-H.). Herne
Bay, odd ones; Eddington, one, July 14th 1948 (D. G. Marsh).

4. Ickham, occasionally, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). Worth, one, July
31st 1967, one, August 11th 1969 (T. W. Harman).

5. Farnborough, in fruit gardens (W. Barnes in Wool. Surv., 1909).
Chevening, August 2nd 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R. C. Edwards).
Downe, two larvae on gooseberry, June 9th 1956 (C.-H.).

6. Greenhithe (Fam MS.). Gravesend, formerly common (H. C.
Huggins); two, July 12th-23rd 1911, five, July llth-12th 1912 (F. T.
Grant). Pinden (E. J. Hare).

6a. Chattenden, 1908 (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 21: 32).

7. Hollingbourne, one at sugar, July 23rd 1904 (R. A. Jackson,
Diary).

8. Dover, one, July 23rd 1895, one, August 7th 1896 (H. D. Stock-
well, Diary); one, July 25th 1944, one, August 4th 1946 (B. O. C.
Gardiner). Stowting (C. A. W. Duffield). Elham (W. E. Busbridge).

9. Ramsgate, singletons, 1910, 1913, 1914, 1932 (J. W. C. Hunt).
Westgate, S, August 14th 1915; Margate, one, July 29th 1924 (H. G.
Gomm, Diary). Cliftonville, two, July 28th, 31st 1951, one, July 23rd
1955 (W. D. Bowden).

10. Brasted, common in garden (R. M. Prideaux); bred 1918
(Gillett, Diary). Sevenoaks, 1920 (Gillett, Diary).

11. Edenbridge, 1930, 1933 (F. D. Greenwood). Tonbridge, 1947
(H. E. Hammond). Sevenoaks Weald, July 16th 1959 (E. A. Sadler).

12. Brook* (Scott, 1936). Wye, one, July 31st 1954; Willesborough,
four, July 14th-August 28th 1954, ten, July 4th-August 21st 1955, six,
July 9th-August 9th 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Ham Street, one at light, 1951
(C.-H.); 1959 (de Worms, Entomologist, 93: 177). Ashford (Scott, 1950);
several in garden, 1957 (P. Cue MS.).

13. Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan); 1956 (C. A. Stace); 1958-59
(L. R. Tesch).

14. Tenterden, bred (G. V. Bull). Hawkhurst, one at light, 1949
(B. G. Chatfield).

16. Folkestone (Knaggs, 1870); several (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — In RCK are the following aberrations: v-remotum

Schultz, Seal Chart, one, July 3rd 1918, Lort-Phillips; lineata Lempke,
Halstead, July 12th 1924, R. E. E. Frampton.

First Record, 1861: Lee, one, July 8th 1861 (Fenn, Diary).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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Isturgia limbaria Fabricius : Frosted Yellow.

Native, extinct. Broom fields; [on Cytisus scoparius]. Formerly
locally plentiful in north and north-west Kent; no record of occurrence
since 1873.

1. “There are certainly two broods of this moth in a year, as I
have taken specimens in Birch-wood the beginning of May and the end
of July, and it is found as late as August. It is attached to Broom-fields”
(Curtis, Br. Ent., 225). “Not uncommon among the high broom in the
vicinity of Birch-wood in Kent, the only locality in which I have hitherto
captured it” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 146). Birch Wood, “once plentiful on
broom but now [1851] extinct” (Douglas, Zoologist, 3246).

3. Near Faversham, six specimens taken in 1856 (Stowell, Substi-
tute, 159). Penny Wood near Faversham, at the top of the hill near
the windmill (Morris, Br. Moths., 1: 188), is perhaps based on the
preceding record (C.-H.).

6. Gravesend, “common in May among broom [in 1868], extremely
variable in colour; some nearly black” (Button, Entomogolist, 4: 129).
Formerly abundant at Greenhithe, but now extinct according to Mr.
Webb (V.C.H., 1908).

6a. At a meeting of the Society of British Entomologists on Decem-
ber 6th 1853, H. J. Harding observed that limbaria was comparatively
common at Darenth some years back, but had now quite disappeared
from that locality {Zoologist, 4235).

7. “I have two specimens [taken] flying at bramble-blossom on the
border of Wigmore Wood in August 1858. I again saw the insect in May
1873 in the same wood, but did not succeed in capturing it” (Chaney,
1884-87).

First Record, 1775: According to Morley (Lep. of Suffolk, 79),
limbaria was first described from Kentish specimens in 1775. However,
since I have failed to trace the source of this information, I consider
the first confirmed record as dating from 1828: Curtis, loc. cit.

Cepphis advenaria Hiibner : Little Thorn.

Native. Woods; [on bilberry] .

The species has much declined in Kent, the decrease in some places
being directly attributable to the destruction of bilberry {Vaccinium
myrtillus) by burning (as at Comp Wood), by reafforestation with conifers
(as at Goodley Stock) and by grubbing-up (as at Ightham Common). Its
disappearance from localities from which bilberry was absent (e.g.
Wigmore Wood) and where it presumably fed on some other plant, is
unaccountable.

3. Sturry, June 1914 (H. G. Gomm, Diary).

I. Wigmore Wood (1858) (Chaney, Ent. week. Int., 4: 20); “at one
time pretty common, but has become scarce in last few years” (Chaney,
1884-87). Kings Wood (Scott, 1936).

8. East Kent [Dover area] , listed by S. Webb among those species
that had become scarcer here (Webb, S.E. Nat. Dover (1903), 55). Elham
Park Wood, one, June 1925 (W. E. Busbridge).

10. Westerham (1859) (Gorham, Ent. week. Int., 7:28); 1934
(Jacobs, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist Soc., 1934-35: 17). Brasted, not
common (R. M. Prideaux). Seal Chart, usually common (Carrington,
Entomologist, 13: 79); 1905 (Carr, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1905-06: 84); a few in one spot, June 5th 1955, June 2nd 1957 (C.-H.);
several. May 24th, 31st 1956 (G. A. N. Davis). Sevenoaks {V.C.H., 1908),
may refer to Seal Chart (C.-H.). Goodley Stock, about fifteen, the ^ $
of which were rather worn, June 5th 1949; four fresh S 3, May 30th
1955, one. May 21st 1956 (C.-H.); one. May 26th, one. May 31st 1963
(R. G. Chatelain). Ightham Common, about eight, June 5th 1955; about
ten, June 2nd 1957 (Chalmers-Hunt, Proc. S. Land. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1957: 67).

II. Comp Wood, three, 1893, H. Elgar, in Maidstone Mus. (C.-H.).
Wateringbury, one, 1894 (E. Goodwin MS.); five, bred 1908, in E.
Goodwin coll. (C.-H.). Bethersden, one, bred May 8th 1929, in G. V.
Bull coll. (C.-H.).

13. Miller’s Wood, Pembury, 1856 (Weir, Zoologist, 5208; idem,

(136) entomologist’s record, vol. 88 15/11/76

Ent. week. Int., 1; 124). Tunbridge Wells, three, 1857 (Andrews, Ent.
week. Int., 2: 77). Tonbridge (Morris, Br. Moths, 1: 96). Goudhurst, $
at light, 1959 (W. V. D. Bolt).

Variation. — Ab. fulva Gilmer, ^ of this striking and rare form
taken by me at Goodley Stock, June 5th 1949 and exhibited (Chalmers-
Hunt, Proc. S. Land. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1954-55: 21).

First Record, 1856: Weir, hoc. cit.

Petrophora chlorosata Scopoli : Brown Silver-line.

Native. Woods, commons; on bracken. “Generally common”
{V.C.H., 1908). Found in all divisions except 4; probably casual in 9, 15.

The larva is apparently seldom recorded, and the only reference I
have to it is that D. O’Keeffe found a number on bracken at Dartford
Heath in September 1968.

The moth normally appears on the wing from about the middle of
May and reaches its optimum during the first half of June. In 1961,
Long (Ent. Rec., 73: 133) recorded seeing one at Bromley on April 2nd,
a remarkably early date; and the same observer noted it there in 1965
as late as August 17th.

9. Margate, one at gas lamp, June 6th 1919 (H. G. Gomm, Diary).
15. Dungeness, June 3rd (1), 6th (1) 1968 (R. E. Scott).
Variation. — Morley (Proc. S. London, ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1934-35: 50) exhibited “heavily marked forms” from S. Kent.

First Record, 1858: Stainton, Man., 2: 59.

Plagodis pulveraria L. : Barred Umber.

Native. Woods [on sallow]. Rare or extinct in div. 1.

I. [West Wickham], 1861 (Huckett, Ent. week. Int., 10:115).
Shooters Hill Wood May 20th-June 6th 1861, May 5th 1863 (Fenn,
Diary; Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 10: 196) (Eltham (V.C.H., 1908), may
refer). Farnborough district, 1901 (Lawrence, Entomologist, 34: 355).
Lee; Bexley; Near Footscray (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Faming-
ham (V.C.H., 1908). Farnborough, larvae plentiful, 1906 (W. Barnes, in
Wool. Surv., 1909). Joydens Wood, six. May 10th-21st 1892 (Fenn,
Diary). Petts Wood, one at dusk along hedgerow, June 1st 1931 (W. E.
Busbridge, Diary).

3. East Blean Woods, one, May 15th 1866 (Fenn, Diary). Bysing
Wood (H. C. Huggins). Den Grove, five disturbed from sallow. May 2nd
1923 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Harbledown, one on paling, June 1894 (S.
Wacher MS.). Barton Wood, May 30th 1937; Broad (3ak, June 23rd
1946 (C.-H.).

4. Ickham, odd ones, 1954-1959 (D. G. Marsh).

5. Chevening, $ , May 30th 1917 (Gillett, Diary).

6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.); May 23rd 1859 (Fenn, Diary). Eyns-
ford, June 20th 1891 (Adkin, Proc. S. Land. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1890-91:
122). Fawkham Green, a larva, October 2nd 1931 (A. R. Kidner, Diary).

6a. [Darenth Wood], 1861 (Huckett, Ent. week. Int., 10:115).
Darenth Wood, two. May 31st 1863 (Fenn, Diary); a larva, September
24th 1909 (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Chattenden Roughs, one, June 8th
1869 (J. J. Walker MS.). Park Wood* (Chaney, 1884-87).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, loc. cit.). Westwell (Scott, 1936). East-
well (P. Cue MS.).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Chilham*, one disturbed from
sallow. May 7th 1923 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Brook*; Wye* (C. A. W.
Duffield) Coombe Wood, one at sugar, June 4th 1898, one. May 28th
1901; Woolwich Wood, June 5th (1), 9th (1) 1901 (H. D. Stockwell,
Diary). Ewell Minnis; Poulton; Whitfield (E. & Y., 1949). Dover, a few
(B. O. C. Gardiner). Hadding Wood, two at petrol light. May 21st 1938
(W. E. Busbridge, Diary).

II. Benenden, May 27th 1939 (G. V. Bull, Diary). Edenbridge,
1933 (F. D. Greenwood). Aylesford, one, 1951 (G. A. N. Davis).

12. Ham Street, June 2nd 1931, April 29th 1933, May 12th 1934,
May 25th 1935, May 25th 1936, May 10th 1937 (G. V. Bull Diary);
June 17th 1934, May 3rd 1937 (A. J. L. Bowes); May 11th 1937 (A. H.
Lanfear); not common in Orlestone Woods, e.g. singletons. May 28th,

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(137)

30th 1948, June 1951 (C.-H.); 1958 (de Worms, Entomologist, 92: 69);
two, 1960 (D. Youngs and M. Enfield); three, June 15th 1962 (R. G.
Chatelain); common, June 3rd 1963 (M. Singleton); several, June 2nd
1967, June 5th 1968 (D. O’Keeffe). Ham Street Nature Conservancy
Reserve, May 28th 1955 (P. Cue). Hothfield Common, July 23rd 1961
(Scott, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1961: 84).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2: 59). Tunbridge Wells, common,
1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2: 229). Groombridge; High Rocks (Morgan,
Lepidoptera of Tunbridge Wells District, MS.). Goudhurst, one, 1958
(W. V. D. Bolt).

14. Tenterden, common (Stainton, loc. cit.). Sandhurst, May 25th
1932, May 13th 1933; Marsh Quarter, May 16th 1945 (G. V. Bull, Diary).
Hawkhurst (B. G. Chatfield).

Variation. — In RCK are ab. grisescens Lempke, Chevening, five,
bred 1918; ab. rufescens Lempke, Chevening, one, bred 1918.

First Record, 1858: Stainton, Man., 2: 59.

P. dolabraria L. : Scorched Wing.

Native. Woods; on oak, birch, Spanish chestnut. Recorded widely
and many times, but seemingly not plentifully, from 1, 3, 6a and 8.
Widespread and locally numerous in 10-12. Relatively few records for
4-6, 7, 13-14, 16.

F. Gillett {Diary) records finding a larva on birch on Brasted Chart,
September 1912 from which he bred an imago; M. Singleton and D.
Youngs beat several larvae off oak in Orlestone Woods c. 1960; and I
beat a larva from Spanish chestnut at Wateringbury on August 24th
1966 from which the moth appeared the following April (C.-H.).

4. Ickham (D. G. Marsh).

5. Downe (R. F. Birchenough in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1957: 159).

6. Eynsford, one larva, August 11th 1934 (Blair, Proc. S. Lond.
ent. not. Hist. Soc., 1934-35: 34).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). Westwell, June 10th 1933;
Whitehill, June 22nd 1935 (G. V. Bull, Diary). Boxley (A. H. Harbottle).
Kings Wood (P. Cue MS.).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 1: 11); c. 1950 (Miss V. M. Sage).
Tunbridge Wells, 1955 (1), 1957 (1), 1959 (1) (C. A. Stace). Goudhurst,
common (W. V. D. Bolt).

14. Tenterden, at sugar (Beale, Zoologist, 4130); 1961 (C. G.

Orpin). Hawkhurst, three at light, 1951, singletons in 1952-53 (B. G.

Chatfield). Sandhurst, June 17th 1931, June 16th 1933, May 31st 1937
(G. V. Bull, Diary).

16. Near Hythe (Morley, 1931). Folkestone, one, 1951 (Morley,
Ent. Rec., 64: 171); several since (A. M. Morley, in litt. 1957).

First Record, 1831: Darenth Wood and Dover (Stephens, Haust.,

3: 206).

Pachycnemia hippocastanaria Hiibner : Horse Chestnut.

Native. Heaths; [on Calluna vulgaris] . Now very rare or extinct;
probably casual in 8.

1. Near Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 269); occasionally near
Birch Wood (Curtis, Br. Ent., 611). West Wickham Wood, on heath,
April and August (Douglas, Zoologist, 3182); May 1857 (Tugwell, Ent.
week. Int., 3: 11). Bostall Heath, one at light, August 8th 1863 (Fenn,
Diary). [West Wickham] (Huckett, Ent. week. Int., 10: 115). West
Wickham (1868) (Eedle, Ent. mon. Mag., 5: 49); one, August 19th 1973
(Burrows, Ent. Rec., 85: 246). Paul’s Cray Common, once (C. Fenn, in
Wool. Surv., 1909) (Chislehurst {V.C.H., 1908), may refer).

6a. [Darenth Wood] (Huckett, loc. cit.)

8. Dover, one, 1938f (Gardiner, Ent. Gaz., 10: 12).

13. Tunbridge Wells district*, scarce (R. H. Rattray, in Knipe,
1916).

14. Bedgebury, one, 195 If (W. V. D. Bolt).

First Record, 1831: Stephens, loc. cit.

15/11/76

(138) entomologist’s record, vol. 88

Opistograptis luteolata L. ; Brimstone.

Native. Gardens, woods, bushy places, etc.; on hawthorn, sloe,
rowan. Frequent and found in all divisions. “Generally abundant”
{V.C.H., 1908). The insect is multivoltine and the moths have been
noted in the wild in every month from April to October inclusive.

D. R. M. Long has taken the larva on hawthorn and sloe at Crofton,
and I have repeatedly found it on rowan in Spring Park, West Wickham
(C.-H.).

Variation. — Morley (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1959;
43) exhibited from Folkestone, a $ “heavily marked along the costa”,
and a $ ab. emaculata Graes.

In RCK are the following named aberrations: delineata Lempke,
Wye, Chevening; apicolutea Cockayne, Chevening (holotype), Lewisham
(allotype and paratypes); intermedia Harrison, Bickley, one, 1911;
albescens Cockerell, Lewisham, one, July 4th 1862, C. Fenn. Also, an
ab. with “transverse lines forming bands”, one, Kent, July 28th 1921.
First Record, 1859: Greenhithe (Fenn, Diary, 19.V.1859).

Epione repandaria Hufnagel : apiciaria Denis & Schiffermuller : Bordered
Beauty.

Native. Damp woodland, carr, marshy places; on sallow. Apparently
long extinct in div. 1.

1. Bromley (Watchurst, Entomologist, 16: 19). West Wickham
(V.C.H., 1908). Lee Pit; Lewisham; Frith; Slades Green (C. Fenn, in
Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley district, abundant (L. W. Newman, in Wool.
Surv., 1909). Farnborough* (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Orping-
ton, 1926 (F. D. Greenwood). Lee, one, August 2nd 1861, August 22nd,
September 12th 1862, three, August 10th 1863, July 1st (two larvae on
sallow), 27th 1874; Bexley Park Wood, July 18th 1885, August 31st
1889, July 6th 1893, July 7th 1894; Browns Woods, July 28th 1885;
Joydens Wood, September 18th 1886, July 22nd 1892; Black Fen, August
15th 1891; Sidcup, August 22nd 1891 (Fenn, Diary). Beckenham, one at
light, October 2nd [c. 1887] (Buckell, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1899: 79). Eltham, not rare (Jones, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1901: 67).

2. Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Sittingbourne; Luddenham (H. C.
Huggins). Greenwich Marshes; Plumstead Marshes (J. W. Tutt, in Wool.
Surv., 1909). Gravesend, July 25th 1914 (F. T. Grant). Dartford Marshes,
July 20th 1887, July 15th 1890 (Fenn, Diary).

3. Near Herne Bay, 1859 (Butler, Ent. week. Int., 6: 180). Tanker-
ton, one, October 10th 1936 (P. F. Harris). Broad Oak, one at light,
August 2nd 1946 (C.-H.).

4. Deal, one, August 27th 1888, August 15th, 20th 1890 (Fenn,
Diary)', “we get more from poplars than willow at Deal” (Tutt, Ent.
Rec., 1: 205). Ham Marshes, August 8th, 17th 1892 (Fenn, Diary).
Worth, two, August 8th 1969 (T. W. Harman).

6. Springhead (H. C. Huggins). Culverstone (F. T. Grant).

6a. Chattenden Roughs (Chaney, 1884-87).

7. Westwell (Scott, 1950).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880).

9. Ramsgate neighbourhood* (Willson, Entomologist, 23: 140).

11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Tonbridge district, 1911 (Rattray,
Entomologist, 45: 80). Edenbridge, 1930 (F. D. Greenwood). Aylesford,
one, 1953 (G. A. N. Davis). Bethersden (Scott, 1936). Hoads Wood (P.
Cue MS.).

12. Woodchurch, two, August 6th 1899 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary).
Ham Street Woods; Hothfield; Ashford; Mersham (Scott, 1936). Brook
C. A. W. Duffield). Ham Steet, August 20th 1939 (A. J. L. Bowes);
July 16th 1937 (A. H. Lanfear); October 6th 1959 (R. G. Chatelain);
September 29th 1956 (R. F. Bretherton); 1967, 1968 (D. O’Keefe);
frequent among sallows in Orlestone Woods (C.-H.). Willesborough,
one, 1955, two, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). West Ashford, 1960 (M. Enfield).
Ashford, 1967, in garden (P. Cue MS.).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2: 8). Tunbridge Wells (E. D.
Morgan). Goudhurst, common (W. V. D. Bolt).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(139)

14. Tenterclen, common (Stainton, Man., 2; 8). Sandhurst, Septem-
ber 4th 1927, August 19th 1932, July 18th 1933, July 16th 1937,
September 16th 1938, September 28th 1945, July 28th 1950, October
19th 1954 (G. V. Bull, Diary). Hawkhurst (B, G. Chatfield).

15. Shirley Moor (Scott, 1936). Dungeness, September 9th 1932
(G. V. Bull, Diary)-, August 6th 1938 (A. J. L. Bowes); September 18th
1954, several August 5th 1955 (C.-H.); two, July 17th 1964 (R. G.
Chatelain).

16. Near Hythe* (Morley, 1931). Folkestone, one, August 9th 1953
(A. M. Morley).

First Record, 1809: “Habitat in Cantio vix infrequens. Imago
f. Jul. Dumetis” (Haworth, Lep. Brit., 2: 295).)

Pseudopanthera macularia L. : Speckled Yellow.

Native. Woods, bushy places, scrubland; [on Teucrium scorodonia].
Recorded from all divisions except 16 (probably occurs), 2, 4, 5, 9, 15.
On the whole fairly numerous to abundant where it occurs, though in 1
now markedly scarcer than formerly.

A. R. Kidner {Diary) records finding larvae fairly plentifully at
Eynsford on June 28th 1931, but fails to cite the foodplant. E. D.
Morgan {Lepidoptera of the Tunbridge Wells district MS.) on the other
hand, gives Wood Sage {T. scorodonia) as the natural pabulum, but it is
not clear whether this refers to Kent or Sussex.

Variation. — Woodforde {Entomologist, 55: 12) recorded an ab.
of an “almost pure yellow”, Dartford, June 25th 1872, in Hope Dept.;
Barnett {Proc S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1898: 101) exhibited one
taken West Wickham “having the blotches of dark colour irregularly
joined and blurred on one side only”; and I exhibited an ab. from
Folkestone “with first three costal spots on forewings joined to form an
irregular blotch; elsewhere markings on both wings much reduced”
(Chalmers-Hunt, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1954-55: 22, pit. 1,
fig. 6).

Fenn {Diary) states that Howard Vaughan told him that ab.
quadrimaculata Hatchett used to be not uncommon in Rowe Hill Wood,
near Wilmington.

The following named aberrations are in RCK: xantholeuca Bubacek,
Eynsford, 1926; parvipunctaria Cockayne, Folkestone, one, 1904;
nigrescens Lempke, E. Kent, 1935, one, E. Smart; trans ad quadrimacu-
lata Hatchett, Dartford, Packman, 1873 (1), Dartford (2), Dartford,
Packman, 1872 (1), Kent, Boden (2), Darenth (1). Also, ab. with “deep
orange ground”, Bexley; ab. with “yellow ground”, Herne Bay, Canter-
bury; ab. with “speckling absent”, Kent; ab. with “markings heavy
speckling increased”, Canterbury; ab. with “upper spots united”
Westerham (1).

Note: The strain of quadrimaculata Hatchett and its transitions has
probably died out long ago as none of these forms has been taken to my
knowledge for about a century. This remarkable aberration, which was
originally described as a distinct species, is well figured in colour in
Barrett, Lepidoptera of the British Isles, 6, plate 272, fig. Ih (C.-H.).

First Record, 1858: Stainton, Man., 2: 9.

Apeira syringaria L. : Lilac Beauty.

Native. Woods, bushy places; on Lonicera periclymenum, privet.

1, Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 172). Lee, June 28th 1861
(Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 10: 195). Shooters Flill, July 12th 1862 (A. H.
Jones teste Fenn, Diary) (Eltham {Wool. Surv., 1909) may refer).
Bromley (Watchurst, Entomologist, 16: 19). Farnborough* (Alderson,
Ent. Rec., 2: 181). Bexley (Carr, Entomologist, 33: 46); (L. T. Ford).
Joydens Wood (Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Chislehurst, one, July 30th
1907 (S. F. P. Blyth). Sidcup, one, July 16th 1909 (A. R. Kidner, Diary).
Orpington, 1927 (F. D. Greenwood); June 29th 1966 (I. A. Watkinson).
Lewisham, 1885 (Marriott, Young Nat., 7: 79). Petts Wood, two, 1946
(E. Evans). Abbey Wood, 1952 (J. Green). Dartford district, 1952 (B. K.
West). [(West Wickham (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1957: 163) is erroneous
and must be deleted.)]

(140) entomologist’s record, VOL. 88 15/III/76

3. Bysing Wood (H. C. Huggins). Slurry, tne larvae on privet,
March 21st 1921 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Broad Oak; Den Grove; Kem-
berland; imagines frequent at light, larvae on honeysuckle (C.-H.). Pine
Wood, several larvae, 1948 (D. G. Marsh).

5. Chelsfield, 1953 (A. M. Swain).

6. Greenhithe* (A. B. Farn MS.).

6a. [Chattenden] (Tugwell, Entomologist, 8: 293). Chattenden
(Chaney, 1884-87); (H. C. Huggins). Darenth Wood, not common (B. K.
West). Lords Wood (E. J. Hare).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, he. cit.). Long Beech Wood, one,
July 29th 1939 (C.-H.). Westwell, $ , August 4th 1945 (E. Scott). Boxley
(A. H. Harbottle).

8. Folkestone Warren, larvae on privet (Knaggs, 1870). Reinden
Wood, larvae on honeysuckle (de Worms, Entomologist, 82: 122). Dover
(V.C.H., 1908); two, 1954 (B. O. C. Gardiner). Bridge (R. Gorer).
Little Mongham; Whitfield (E. & Y., 1949). Elham Park Wood, two,
July 16th 1927; Atchester Wood, one, July 27th 1930, one, July 18th
1931 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary).

9. St. Peters, one at light, c. 1945 (J. W. C. Hunt). [(Margate,
1(X) ova released on privet, August 20th 1921, ex Slurry (H. G. Gomm,
Diary).)]

10. Seal (Carrington, Entomologist, 13: 76). Sevenoaks (Gillett,
Entomologist, 53: 23); at light, June 28th (2), July 19th (1) 1947 (W. E.
Busbridge, Diary). Westerham (R. C. Edwards).

11. Wateringbury, 1897 (E. Goodwin MS.). Yalding (V.C.H., 1908).
Edenbridge, 1932-33 (F. D. Greenwood). Hoads Wood, July 15th 1954
(P. Cue MS.). Aylesford, one, 1953 (G. A. N. Davis).

12. Near Ashford (Heitland, Entomologist, 31: 221). Ham Street,
^ ^ at light, June 17th, 29th 1934 (A. J. L. Bowes); frequent at light
(C.-H.); four, July 2nd 1963 (R. G. Chatelain). Ashford, 1954 (P. Cue).
Willesborough, one, 1955; Wye, one, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Potters
Corner (Scott, 1964).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2: 12). Tunbridge Wells (Knipe,
1916); two, 1958, by L. R. Tesch; one, 1959, by C. A. Stace (C. A.
Stace). Bedgebury, July 12th 1939 (G. V. Bull, Diary).

14. Tenterden (Stainton, loc. cit.). Woodchurch (Scott, 1936). Sand-
hurst, July 5th 1943, July 6th 1948, July 9th 1952 (G. V. Bull, Diary).
Hawkhurst (B. G. Chatfield).

16. Folkestone, one, August 10th 1931 (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — The following named aberrations are in RCK:
flavescens Lempke, bred 26.6.1894, stock from H. Alderson, Farn-
borough, Kent; mariscolora Lempke, one, bred Bexley, 1908; pallidaria
Cockayne, holotype, bred North Kent, 1914, L. W. Newman. Also, an
ab. “hindwing shaded black at anal angle”, one, Bexley, bred 1908.

First Record, 1831: Stephens, loc. cit.

Ennomos autumnaria Wemeburg : Large Thorn.

Resident, perhaps re-enforced by immigration. Woods, copses, bushy
places, etc.; on hazel, oak, sycamore.

Prior to 1880, few specimens of this fine moth were to be found
in collections; since then however, great numbers have been bred from
eggs and the insect has also been taken much more generally, particu-
larly since the 1930’s. Like most other “thorns”, the great majority
of those caught have been at light. The species is apparently rare or
absent from parts of the Weald and West Kent furthest from the coast,
as well as from the area nearest the metropolis.

1. Eltham, $ bred 1914, by A. Fairhead (see under Variation).
Hartford, September 21st (1), 27th (1) 1946, 1960 (4 ^ ^ , 1 $ ) (B. K.
West). Petts Wood, larva beaten from oak, July 23rd 1953, from which
a $ bred September 5th 1953; St. Mary Cray, one, September 4th 1959,
one, September 7th 1964; Orpington, 1961 (2), 1962 (1), 1965 (1) (R. G.
Chatelain). Orpington, October 2nd ($), 3rd (1), 6th ($) 1965, Septem-
ber 21st (1) 1966 (I. A. Watkinson). Wilmington, 1954 (2 ^5,1 ?)
(Honeybourne, Ent. Gaz., 6: 167). Bromley, 1960 (1) (D. R. M. Long).
Sidcup, September 13th 1958 (1), September 11th 1962 (1), August 29th

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (141)

1964 (1) (D. A. Darling). Bexley, 1966 (2), 1967 (1), 1968 (2), and 2-3
annually since to 1974 inclusive (D. O’Keeffe).

2. Gravesend; Faversham; at both places on street lamps (H. C.
Huggins). Conyer, September 14th 1971 (I. A. Watkinson).

3. Herne Bay, one, October 2nd 1881, “drying its wings on a
poplar tree” (M’Caul, Entomologist, 14: 256); one, c. 1924 (A. J. L.
Bowes). Swalecliff, September 29th; Chestfield, ^ on fence, September
25th 1939; Whitstable, September 6th 1943 (P. F. Harris, Diary). Broad
Oak, four ^ 5 at electric light, September 9th 1945 (C.-H.). Whitstable,
several at m.v.l., September 1954 (F. Bickerstaff).

4. Ickham, several, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). Worth, September 3rd
1964 (3 ^5) (Harman, Ent. Rec., 77: 32).

6. Gravesend (H. C. Huggins); 1910-11, specimens in Hope Dept.
(R. F. Bretherton); September 10th ($), 30th (3), October 3rd 1910,
September 17th, 21st (^) 1912, September 22nd 1914, September 9th,
27th (4), 28th (4) 1922 (F. T. Grant); 1923 (Grant, Proc. S. Lond. ent.
nat. Hist. Soc., 1925-26:95); 1960 (?) (B. K. West). Pinden, occurs
regularly (E. J. Hare in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1957: 159). Otford,
seven, 1955 (W. B. L. Manley in de Worms, loc. cit.). Lower Hailing,
one, 1904 (Foreman, Ent. Rec., 16: 297). Higham, 1971 (4), not seen
since (S. E. Whitebread, in litt., 8. i. 1976).

7. Bearsted, one, 1932 (Green, Entomologist , 65: 262). Westwell,
September 11th 1945 (E. Scott). Sittingbourne, 1974 (1), 1975 (1); Wood-
stock, 1973 (1) (I. A. Watkinson). Newington*, 1973 (2), 1974 (i), 1975
(3) (V. Taylor per S. E. Whitebread).

8. Near Deal*, 1862 (Harding, Zoologist, 8243): 1865 ($), 1866
1867 (^) (Harding, Entomologist, 3:24, 190, 354); about twenty

(Harbour, Entomologist, 14: 18, 256); 1880 (1) (Tugwell, Ent, mon. Mag.,
18:84); 1884 (3) (Fenn, Ent. mon. Mag., 21:111). Walmer, a larva
August 14th 1897 (Griffiths, Ent. mon. Mag., 18: 84). Near Wye*, a
larva on hazel, June 1933 (Smart, Entomologist, 67: 40); 1933, 1936
(de Worms, Entomologist, 67: 133, 70: 90). Bridge, c. 1946 (R. Gorer).
Canterbury City*, common at light c. 1939, rare now (J. A. Parry
personal communication, 1946).

Dover. — several, 1883 (Sabine, Entomologist, 16:284); “I have
had wild specimens annually since I came to this neighbourhood”; a
larva on sycamore in garden, August 16th 1884 (Webb, Ent. mon. Mag.,
21: 160, communicated 19. ix. 1884), which S. Webb reared (C. Fenn
in litt. to G. W. Bird, 20.iv.l887); two taken by Davis of Dover,
exhibited by Clark at Haggerston Ent. Soc., ix.l886 (Anderson, Young.
Nat., 7:248); 1881 (4) (Davis, Entomologist, 14:256); “annually in the
town” (Webb, 1891); 1895, sixteen taken by H. D. Stockwell (S. Wacher
MS.); “has shown up, as usual, in the garden” (1896) (Webb, Ent. Rec.,
8:268); 1930 (^), 1931 ($), 1933 ($) at River, 1937 (^) by B. Embry
at River, 1951 (5), 1953 (5), 1956 {$), 1961 ($), 1968 (5), 1969
(2 5 5,1 $ ), 1970 ( 5 ) (G. H. Youden).

9. North Foreland (see First Record). Margate, one taken by
W. Aldridge, September 27th 1855 (Sheppard, Zoologist, 5110-11; idem,
Proc. ent. Soc. Lond., 1856: 9); “comes to the lamp outside my door
nearly every year”; two, 1898 (Barrett, Entomologist, 31: 268); two,
1900 (Barrett, Entomologist , 34: 21); a larva on a fence, July 21st bred
September 4th 1931 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Northdown Park, September
16th 1932 (P. F. Harris). Ramsgate (Mitchell, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist, Soc., 1895: 66); two, 1900 (Colthrup, Ent. Rec., 12: 346); one,
1911 (Willsdon, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1911: 10); ten,
1909 (Miller, Entomologist, 42:283); $, 1915 (Sale, Entomologist, 50:
48); “sometimes not seen for many years — numbers fluctuate” (J. W. C.
Hunt personal communication, c. 1955).

11. Mereworth Castle, one (Given, 1946; Morgan, Lep. Tunbridge
Wells Dist. MS). Aylesford, common, 1951-54 (G. A. N. Davis). Maid-
stone, one, September 17th 1955 (E. Philp). East Mailing, September
6th 1967 (M. A. Easterbrook per S. E. Whitebread). Higham Wood,
Tonbridge, 1971 (D. W. Webb per S. E. Whitebread).

12. Ashford, October 3rd 1907 (Chittenden, Entomologist, 40:
256); (Scott, 1936); 1951-57, appears annually, not uncommon in garden

(142) entomologist’s record, vol. 88 15/III/76

(P. Cue MS.); one, c. 1960 (M. Singleton), Brook* (Scott, 1936). West
Ashford, 1959 (1), 1960 (common) (M. Enfield). Wye, forty, September
7th-October 2nd 1953; twenty, September 16th-October 7th 1954; nine-
teen, September 9th-October 9th 1955; fifteen, September 17th-October
9th 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Willesborough, eight, September llth-27th
1953; two, October 3rd-10th 1954; three, September 6th-16th 1955;
thirteen, September 12th-27th 1956 (W. L. Rudland); two, 1960 (M.
Singleton and D. Youngs); September 30th 1970 (W. L. Rudland per
S. E. Writebread). Ham Street Village, 1958, 1960 (de Worms, Enio-
mologist, 92: 74, 94: 164). Orlestone Woods, regularly at light, 1954 and
after (G. Law, personal communication 1957); one, September 22nd
1957 (R. F. Bretherton).

13. Pembury, September 28th 1972 (D. W. Webb teste S. E.
Whitebread).

14. Tenterden, 1960 (C. G. Orpin). Stone-in-Oxey, one, 1965 (de
Worms, Entomologist, 99: 104).

15. Lydd Town, one, September 26th 1948 (A. M. Morley, Diary);
one, 1972 (P. J. Renshaw). Dungeness, two, September 18th 1954 (Blath-
wayt, Proc. S. Land. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1953-54: 19). Appledore, one,
October 2nd 1954 (C.-H.); fairly plentiful along the Military Canal,
1954 (A. L. Goodson); six, 1962 (de Worms, Entomologist, 96: 59).
Snargate, three, September 21st 1955 (W. L. Rudland). Boulderwall,
September 17th 1972 (R. E. Scott).

16. Folkestone, two, September 28th 1881 (Ricketts, Entomologist,
14:257); one, September 29th 1881 (Blackall, Entomologist, 14:257);
two, October 1st 1881 (Austen, Entomologist, 15: 17). 1892, taken by
S. G. Hills (Proc. Folkestone nat. Hist. Soc., 1892: 26); 1928, 1929, 1930,
1931, 1932, 1934, 1935, 1945, 1946, 1950, 1951, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956,
1957,1958, 1959, 1961 (A. M. Morley, Diary); 1930-31 (de Worms,
Entomologist, 64: 108, 65: 62). Hythe, 1895 (Dannatt, Ent. Rec., 7: 86);
September 23rd (2), 25th (1) 1931, taken by R. Crewdson; September
16th 1936 (2) (A. M. Morley, Diary); September 28th 1937 (G. V. Bull,
Diary); 1946 (2 $ $ ) (G. H. Youden).

Variation. — The following aberrations are in RCK: — pallida
Lempke, Deal, Hythe; aurantiaca Lempke, Dover, Folkestone, Deal;
apicata Lempke, Dover, bred 1948 (4), Kent, bred 1952 (1); apicata +
maculosa, Folkestone; maculosa Lempke, Deal; distincta Heinrich,
Folkestone; augustaria Krulik, one, “Kent and Essex”, bred, 1914; clara
Cockayne, Ramsgate, Dover; triangularis Cockayne, paratype, Eltham,
bred 1914, A. Fairhead; ab. with “transverse lines absent”, Dover,
Folkestone; ab. with “postmedian heavily shaded”, one, Pegwell near
Ramsgate, bred 1893; ab. with “thick speckling forming blotches”,
Folkestone, Deal.

Also in RCK is a bred series of 49 $ $ and 43 $ $ of the extreme
melanic recessive ab. schultzi Siebert, variously dated 1906, 1907, 1909,
1911, 1913, 1915, 1940, 1941. The strain was originally started from
twelve eggs laid by a female taken by a schoolboy at Dover.

Hybridization. — Hybr. dartfordi Tutt ( E. autumnaria $ x E.
quercinaria $ ), series in RCK bred by Davis, Dartford, 1895.

First Record, 1855: “A single specimen, taken at the North

Foreland lighthouse [since 1835], is in the collection of Mr. Edwin
Shepherd” (Stainton, Ent. Ann., 1855: 17).

E. quercinaria Hufnagel : August Thorn.

Native. Woods, gardens, lanesides; on oak, beech. Fairly local and
scarce, though apparently much less so formerly. In some fifty years
of continuous observation in the county I have never once encountered
this species; I have noticed, however, that the now commoner E. erosaria
D. & S. sometimes does duty for E. quercinaria in collections, so have
tried, wherever possible, personally to confirm all records (C.-H.).

1. “Very common throughout the metropolitan district in August
and the beginning of September” (Stephens, Haust, 3: 167). “The moth
flies in August and September and is a visitor to every gas-light in the
neighbourhood of London during these months” (Newman, Br. Moths,
58). “Lee, Eltham, Bexley, Chislehurst; generally common” (V.C.H.,

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(143)

1908); the V.C.H. records it from no other division (C.-H.)- Generally
distributed in gardens and woods— Westcombe Park, Charlton, Black-
heath, etc., J. W. Tutt; Lee, Lewisham, W. West; Eltham, C. Fenn;
Bexley district, common, L. W. Newman; Bromley, Bickley, a few,
W. Barnes; Farnborough, H. Alderson (Wool. Surv., 1909). Brockley,
c. 1888, on fences and trunks (Turner, Ent. Rec., 1: 350). West Wickham
(1891) (Wells, Ent. Rec,, 3: 35); c. 1951 (Birchenough in de Worms,
Lond. Nat., 1957: 160). Sidcup, one, August 24th 1913 (A. R. Kidner,
Diary). Abbey Wood (Juby and Hards, 1925); 1950 (A. J. Showier).
Sydenham, threef, August 1900 (A. M. Swain coll.). Lee, one, Septem-
ber 12th 1963; one, August 30th 1968 (C. G. Bruce). Bexley, three,
1968-72 (D. O’Keeffe). Bromley, 1949 (D, Lanktree). Petts Wood, two
larvae beaten from oak, June 17th 1954, from one of which an imago
was reared (R. G. Chatelain). Blackheath, one, 1960 (A. A. Allen).

2. Isle of Sheppey, 9 in J. J. Walker colLf (C.-H.). Lower
Rainham, August 13th 1974 (D. Dey per S. E. Whitebread).

3. Blean, two, August 25th 1902 in J. P. Barrett coll. (C.-H.).
Trenley Park, young larva on oak, July 1st 1921, imago reared (H. G.
Gomm, Diary).

4. Worth, two $ $ at m.v.l., August 10th 1969 (T. W. Harman).

5. Knockholt, one bred, 1909 (RCK).

6. Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Eynsford (Prout, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent.
nat. Hist. Soc., 1907: 8); 3 S $, 2 9 9 at light, August 18th 1971 (D.
O’Keeffe). Gravesend, 9, 1916 (H. C. Huggins).

6a. Chattenden, one, September 1st 1907; Swanscombe, two,
August 14th 1913 ( H. C. Huggins).

7. Rochester district*, woods and lanes, common (Chaney, 1884-
87). Westwell, $ , September 2nd 1927f (G. V. Bull); larva on beech
trunk, August 1st, imago bred August 30th 1932 (A. M. Morley); larva,
from which imago bred, August 4th 1960f (M, Enfield). Charing, August
16th 1938 (A. J. L. Bowes). Tunstall, one, 1963f (J. Felton). Wood-
stock, August 6th 1973 (I. A. Watkinson).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Wye, two $ September 1st 1934
(A. M. Morley). Chilham Downs, July 22nd 1936 (A. J. L. Bowes).
Deal, one, August 1900 (H. C. Huggins). Brook, not uncommon
(C. A, W. Duffield teste Scott, 1964). Woolwich Wood, one, August 18th
1931; Haddling Wood, one, August 30th 1938 (B. Embry teste G. H.
Youden). Barfreston, 9 , August 12th 1945 (G. H. Youden). Dover, one,
1943, one, 1944 (B. O. C. Gardiner); 1945 (1), 1955 (2), 1957 (2), 1958
(1), 1962 (3), 1964 (1), 1965 (3), 1966 (4), 1967 (7), 1968 (3), 1970 (1),
1975 (1) — all ^ ^ at m.v. trap in garden — earliest date July 25th 1967,
latest date September 23rd 1962 (G. H. Youden).

9. Margate, one,t August 18th 1904 in J. P. Barrett coll, (C.-H.);
September 3rd 1914, October 4th 1920 (H. G. Gomm, Diary).

10. Brasted Chart, one, August 25th 1917 (Gillett, Diary). Wester-
ham (S. Wakely). Sevenoaks, one at rest on foliage, August 27th 1941
(W. E. Busbridge, Diary).

11. Wateringbury, numerous; Mid Kent [Wateringbury] , one, bred
1908; allt in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.). Edenbridge, 1931 (F. D. Green-
wood). Aylesford, one, 1952| (G. A. N. Davis). Sevenoaks Weald, one,
August 6th 1959, four, July 14th-31st 1960 (E. A. Sadler). Hoads Wood,
one, August 8th 1963 (R. G. Chatelain). East Mailing, 1965 (M. A.
Easterbrook per S. E. Whitebread). Higham Wood, Tonbridge, 1971
(D. W. Webb teste S. E. Whitebread). Maidstone, 1975; Loose, 1975;
Barming, 1975 (I. Morgan teste S. E. Whitebread).

12. Ashford; Ham Street (Scott, 1936). Willesborough, two,
September 12th-18th 1956, one, August 6th 1969; Wye, one, August
20th 1953, one, August 8th 1955, one, August 6th, one, September 21st
1956 (W. L. Rudland). Bourne Wood (E. Scott). West Ashford, one,
August 7th 1960f (M. Enfield). Ashford, one, August 19th 1960 (P,
Cue MS.).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2: 16).

14. Sandhurst, one, August 13th 1952 (G. V. Bull, Diary).

16. Near Hythe* (D. Saunders teste Morley, 1931). Folkestone
Town, 1951 (1), 1952 (1), 1953 (3), 1954 (2), 1955 (3), 1956 (4), 1957 (2),
1958 (1); all in m.v. trap (A. M. Morley).

(144) entomologist’s record, vol. 88 15/III/76

Variation. — Morley {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1963:36)
exhibited ab. equestrata F., taken by T. Fawthrop, Folkestone, 1963.
G. H. Youden took a ^ of an “exceptionally dark form”, Dover, August
5th 1965.

In RCK are the following aberrations: obsoleta Lempke, North
Kent, one, 1910; carpinaria Fib., Kent, bred (1), Frith, 1895 (1), Seven-
oaks (1), Bexley, bred 1915 (1); perfuscata Prout, N. Kent, series bred,
1911, one bred 1922; maculosa Lempke, Bexley, bred 1915 (1), Ashford,
July 22nd 1936, A. J. L. Bowes (1), N. Kent, 1906 (1); clausa Lempke,
Kent, bred 1919, J. W. Griffin (1), Also ab. “transverse lines heavy”,
Knockholt, bred July 1909 (1), Brasted Chart, bred 1918 (1) ab. “whitish
ground”, Eynsford, bred 1900 (1); ab. “darkened apical area”, Bexley,
bred 1915 (several).

First Record, 1831: Stephens, loc. cit. But the earliest definitely
Kentish record dates from 1860: Allchin, Ent. week. Int., 8: 3.

E. alniaria L. : Canary-shouldered Thorn.

Native. Woods, gardens, etc.; [on lime].

Frequent at light and found in all divisions; perhaps now more
plentiful than formerly since the V.C.H. (1908) specifies localities.

D. R. M. Long found that at Bromley this was on average the most
numerous of the “thorns” at light with numbers as follows: 1959 (6),
1960 (17), 1961 (19), 1962 (46), 1963 (52), 1964 (51), 1965 (25), 1966 (16);
with earliest date July 23rd 1959, latest date October 11th 1962 and
maximum number (7) on August 28th 1962.

There are few records of the finding of the larva. Coote {Proc. S.
Land. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1937-38: 45) records it very briefly from Seal
Chart on July 10th 1937; and A. R. Kidner {Diary) notes that he took
two larvae on St. Paul’s Cray Common on August 2nd 1912; but both
observers fail to state what the larvae were on. E. D. Morgan {Lep.
Tunbridge Wells Dist. MS.) gives lime as the natural pabulum but it is
not clear whether this refers to Sussex or Kent.

Variation. — The following aberrations are in RCK: aurantiaca

Lempke, one bred Bexley, 1903; glabra Lempke, one bred Bexley, 1900;
approximata Lempke, one bred Bexley, 1900.

A $ taken by G. H. Youden at Dover, August 22nd 1975 is normal
except “the thorax is quite brown and no sign whatever of any ‘canary’
colour”.

First Record, 1831: “Darenth and Birch-woods” (Stephens, Haust.,
3: 164).

E. fuscantaria Haworth : Dusky Thorn.

Native. Woods, gardens, waysides, etc.; on ash.

Frequent at light and found in all divisions; perhaps now more
plentiful than formerly since the V.C.H. (1908) specifies localities. A. A.
Allen finds it much the commonest of the genus at light at Blackheath; but
at Bromley D. R. M. Long’s m.v. trap counts show it to be slightly less
numerous than E. alniaria: 1959 (2), 1960 (19), 1961 (10), 1962 (23),

1963 (22), 1964 (54), 1965 (8), 1966 (7); with earliest date July 27th

1964 and latest date October 9th 1962, and maximum numbers (5) on
both September 4th and 12th 1964.

Walker {Ent. mon. Mag., 9: 162) records that he bred one in 1872
from a larva found in the Isle of Sheppey on ash; and C. Fenn {Diary)
notes taking a larva at Chattenden on July 13th 1875.

Variation. — The following aberrations are in RCK: pallida

Lempke, Bexley, one, N. Kent, one; juncta Wize, N. Kent, one, Kent,
two; glabra Wize, Greenhithe, one, 1889, Kent, one, 1912. Also, an ab.
with “transverse lines approximated”, Bexley, 1902.

De Worms {Lond. Nat., 1964: 32) records one as “very dark”, taken
by E. J. Hare, Pinden, October 1963.

First Record, 1847: Lewisham (Stainton, Zoologist, 1915).

E. erosaria D. & S. : September Thorn.

Native. Woods, parkland, etc.: on oak.

1. Bromley (Watchurst, Entomologist, 16: 19); 1960 (1), 1961 (1),
1963 (3), 1964 (2), 1965 (2). 1966 (1) (D. R. M. Long). Lee district, 1900

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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(Bower, Ent. Rec., 12: 340). Eltham, occasionally at lamps (A. H, Jones,
in Buckell and Front, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 62).
Blackheath (J. W. Tutt, in Buckell and Front loc. cit.). Halfway Street;
Joydens Wood (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley district, rare
(L. W. Newman in Wool. Surv., 1909). Chislehurst, not common (S. F. F.
Blyth). West Wickham (V.C.H., 1908); July 24th 1960, July 27th 1967
(C.-H.); 1968 (1), 1969 (1), 1970 (1) (F. J. Renshaw). Fetts Wood, 1947
(1), 1950 (1) (F. Fvans); larvae on oak, 1954 (R. G. Chatelain). Orping-
ton, 1954 (2) (R. G. Chatelain); 1966 (I. A. Watkinson). Abbey Wood,

1952 (J. Green). Lee, one, July 29th 1975 (C. G. Bruce).

3. Broad Oak, two, September 9th 1945, one, July 19th, one,
August 2nd 1946, one, September 23rd 1949, two, September 2nd 1951
(C.-H.). Fddington, Herne Bay, three, August 19th 1950 (G. H. Youden).

4. Fegwell Bay, “October, a male on salt pans, Fegwell Bay”
(Curtis, Br. Ent., 667). Ickham (D. G. Marsh).

5. Holwood*, rare (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909).

6. Fawkham, one (F. J. Hare).

6a. Darenth (Stephens, Haust., 3: 165). Cobham Wood, taken by
J. J. Walker (Chaney, 1885-87). Chattenden {V.C.H., 1908); H. C.
Huggins).

7. Wigmore Wood, rare (Chaney, 1884-87). Westwell, 1952 (F.
Scott). Teynham, August 8th 1974 (I. A. Watkinson).

8. Deal* (Harbour Entomologist, 17: 273). Hadding Wood, August
30th (1), September 23rd (13) 1938, September 11th 1948 (1) (G. H.
Youden); September 1st 1948 (W. F. Busbridge, Diary), Canterbury
(J. A. Farry). Dover (W. F. Busbridge); 1951 (1), 1957 (G. H. Youden).

9. Margate, one, bred 1904, in J. F. Barrett coll. (C.-H.). North-
down, July 26th ($), August 18th (S) 1952 (W. D. Bowden).

10. Seal Chart, larva (Coote, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1937-38: 45). Brasted, one or two (R. M. Frideaux).

11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Shipborn, 1910, in F. A. & D. J. A.
Buxton coll. (C.-H.). Aylesford, five (G. A. N. Davis), Bethersden
(Scott, 1936); August 14th-20th 1960 (C. H. Haxby and J. Briggs).
Hoads Wood, several $ S, one $, August lllh 1955 (C.-H.). Sevenoaks
Weald, four, August 27th-October 21st 1960 (F. A. Sadler). East Mailing,
July 21st 1964 (M. A. Easterbrook per S. E. Whitebread). Chiddingstone,
July 26th 1975 (S. E. Whitebread).

12. Warehorn (G. V. Bull). Ham Street (Scott, 1936); frequent at
light, e.g. fourteen S$, September 7th 1951 (C.-H.); September 8th

1953 (1), August 2nd 1956 (9) (G. H. Youden); July 24th 1968 (8) (D.
O’Keeffe). Willesborough, September 4th 1954 (1), August 3rd-27th 1955

(5) , July 30th-September 16th 1956 (11) (W. L. Rudland); 1961 (^) (M.
Singleton); August 5th 1973 (W. L. Rudland per S. E. Whitebread).
Wye, August 5th-September 9th 1953 (12), August 2nd-September 7th

(6) , November 4th (1) 1954, August 2nd-27th (3), October 16th (1) 1955,
August 15th-September 22nd 1956 (7) (W. L. Rudland). Ashford (F.
Cue MS,). West Ashford, 1960 (2) (M. Enfield); fairly common, 1961
(M. Singleton).

13. Tunbridge Wells (Beeching, Entomologist, 27: 351); one, 1959
(C. A. Stace). Goudhurst, common (W. V. D. Bolt).

14. Tenterden (Stainton, Man., 2: 16). Sandhurst, September 2nd
1930, August 17th 1939, July 20th 1953 (G. V. Bull, Diary).

15. Romney Marsh (A. M. Morley).

16. Folkestone (A. M. Morley). Hythe, one, September 23rd 1946
(G. H. Youden).

Variation. — The following aberrations are in RCK: tiliaria Hb.,
Bexley; citrina Cockayne, allotype, N. Kent, bred 1912, paratype,
Bexley; ab. “dull brown”, Bexley; ab. “forewings contrasting with
hindwings”, N. Kent, one, 1910.

In my experience those erosaria one sees in July and early August
are very noticeably paler than those that occur in September (C.-H,).

First Record, 1831: “I have taken it at Darenth” (Stephens,

Haust., 3: 165).

15/III/76

(146) entomologist’s record, vol. 88

Selenia dentaria Fabricius ; bilunaria Esper : Early Thorn.

Native. Woods, parkland, hedgerows, bushy places, etc.; on haw-
thorn, dogwood, birch. Found in all divisions, few records for 2, 4, 9,
15. “Generally common, sometimes abundant (V.C.H., 1908).

The moth is bivoltine, the first generation appearing in March and
April (but occasionally continuing on the wing till the third week in
May) and the second in July and August. A third brood has been
obtained in captivity in September (see under Variation). In 1913, L. W.
Newman {Ent. Rec., 26; 22) found in the wild in Bexley Woods, a
freshly emerged $ on December 9th.

Gillett {Diary) took a larva at Chevening on dogwood in 1913 and
reared the moth; and D. R. M. Long has taken the larva on hawthorn
at Crofton and High Elms.

2. Sheerness, April 6th 1868 (J. J. Walker MS.). St. Mary’s
Marshes, one, April 16th 1949 (C.-H.).

4. Ham Ponds, two, August 12th 1892 (Fenn, Diary). Westbere,
July 24th 1946 (C.-H.). Ickham, c. 1957 (D. G. Marsh).

9. Northdown Park, Margate, one, 1945 (W. D. Bowden).

15. Near Dymchurch, 1947 or 1948 (P. le Masurier). Dungeness,
July 1957 (E. Philp); one. May 9th 1962 (R. E. Scott).

Variation. — Of ab. fuscata Strand, Cockayne, {Ent. Rec,, 58: 95)
records that at least seven of this rare ab. (4 $ $ , 3 $ $ ) appeared
in a third generation in September 1933, bred by L. W. Newman from
N. Kent stock.

The following aberrations are in RCK: costijuncta Cockayne, Bexley
bred 1904, N. Kent; infuscata Strand, N. Kent, bred (7) September
1933; schizomedia Vaughan-Roberts, Chevening, 1918; deumbraria
Klem., one, Bexley, 1912; bilineata Gross, N. Kent, one, 1915; albicosta
Boyes, Bexley, one, July 1913; brunnnearia Mansbridge, Bexley, bred
1916; trans ad brunnearia Mansbridge, N. Kent, four 1915; ab. “pink
form from N. Kent”, N. Kent, five, 1915, L. W. Newman.

First Record, 1861: West Wickham, bred from larvae feeding on
birch (Huckett, Ent. week. Int., 10: 51).

S. lunularia Hiibner : Lunar Thorn.

Native. Woods; on ash, oak.

1. Between Lewisham and Eltham, on some palings; Birch Wood
(Stephens, Haust., 3: 169-170). Near Woolwich (Jones, Ent. week. Int,,
10: 187); Eltham (Jones, in Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1901:
67) may refer. Lewisham, three, June 5th 1847 (Stainton, Zoologist,
1915). Lewisham, $ June 13th 1861 taken by C. Cortissos; Lee, one,
June 3rd 1862; Browns Woods, $, June 7th 1886; Bexley Park Wood,
$, May 20th 1893 (Fenn, Diary). Keston, one, June 1st 1901, in E.
Nottle coll. (C.-H.). Farnborough, rare (H. Alderson, in Wool. Surv.,
1909). Bexley Woods, one, 1926 (B. K. West). Bromley, one, c. 1935
W. A. Cope). Abbey Wood, 1953 (A. J. Showier).

3. Ridgeway, larva August 1929, $ bred 1930 (A. J. L. Bowes).
Westbere* (A. G. Peyton teste A. J. L. Bowes). Sturry, June 6th 1919
(H. G. Gomm, Diary). Chestfield, one beaten out, June 10th 1943, one,
June 13th 1948 (P. F. Harris, Diary). Herne Bay, one, 1948, two $ $
May 22nd, one $ June 3rd, ? June 11th 1952 (Marsh, Proc. S. Lond.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1952-53: 39; D. G. Marsh, Diary).

6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). Wrotham Hill (E. Andrews in Chaney,
1884-87). Claylane Wood, about three beaten out (H. C. Huggins).
Shoreham, $ at sugar, June 10th 1899 (Carr, Entomologist, 33: 48).
Eynsford, June 20th 1891 (Carrington, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1891: 122).

6a. Darenth (see First Record)’, a larva beaten from ash, 1864
(Meek, Ent. mon. Mag., 1: 190); three, 1906 (H. C. Huggins); scarce
(E. J. Hare). Chattenden, May 21st 1888 (Fenn, Diary)’, three, May
22nd 1893 (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 4:229); larva, 1951, reared (D. F. Owen);
larva. 1954, reared (G. Law). Swanscombe Wood, larva beaten from
oak, September 15th 1914, reared (F. T. Grant).

7. Faversham (see First Record). Wigmore Wood; Darland Hill
(E. Andrews in Chaney, 1884-87). Hills between Sittingbourne and

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (147)

Maidstone, $ (1880) (Green, Young Nat., 1 (34), 267). Westwell, $ ,
June 11th 1953 (E. Scott, Diary).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Gorsley Wood, near Canterbury,
one, June 20th 1907, in F. A. Small coll. (C.-H.).

9. Ramsgate neighbourhood* (Willson, Entomologist, 23: 140).

10. Seal (Carrington, Entomologist, 13: 76). Brasted, a few at rest
c. 1910 (R. M. Prideaux).

11. Wateringbury, $, 1895 (E. Goodwin MS.). Hoads Wood, May
25th 1954, June 6th 1956, 1958 (P. Cue MS.). Maidstone, one, c. 1957
(B. K. West).

12. Ham Street (Orlestone Woods), ^ , June 1st 1934 (A. M.
Morley, Diary); six, June 10th 1950 (A. Richardson); June 16th (2 S $)y
July 6th (^) 1951, June 5th (4 ^ ^) 1954 (C.-H.); one. May 5th 1956
(W. D. Bowden); June 14th 1958 (R. Parfitt teste E. Scott, Proc. S.
Lond. ent. nat. Hist., 1958: 72); May 30th (2), June 5th (2) 1959 (B. F.
Skinner); one, 1960 (P. Cue MS.); June 4th 1961 (de Worms, Ento^
mologist, 95: 101); three, June 3rd 1968 (Chatelain, Ent. Rec., 81: 109);
one, June 14th 1969 (R. G. Chatelain); $, June 8th 1970 (D. O’Keeffe);
two $ $ , June 13th- 14th 1970 (P. J. Renshaw). Stubbs Cross, near
Shadoxhurst, $ , 1949 (Le Ray teste Scott, 1964). Willesborough, one.
May 31st 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Ham Street Village, May 25th 1958
(de Worms, Entomologist, 92: 69); May 31st (1), June 4th (2) 1959,
June 3rd (1) 1960 (B. F. Skinner). [Wye (Scott, 1936), is erroneous
(E. Scott pers. comm.).]

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2: 13); c. 1950 (Miss V. M. Sage).
Tunbridge Wells, 1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2: 229). Bedgebury Park,
one [c. 1885] (W. A. Cope).

14. Knock Wood, Tenterden, one, c. 1855 (S. C. Tress Beale,
Diary; Beale, Zoologist, 4130). Sandhurst, one, June 8th 1934 (G. V.
Bull, Diary); one, 1952, in G. V. Bull coll. (C.-H.). Marsh Quarter, one,
June 2nd 1927 (G. V. Bull, Diary).

Variation. — The following aberrations are in RCK: delunaria

Hb., Chattenden, one, 1896, J. A. Goddard, Chattenden, one bred, 1891,
B. A. Bower, Eynsford, two bred 1903, Bexley, one bred 1910; maculosa
Lempke, Chattenden, one bred 1891, B. A. Bower; nigrumbrata Lempke,
Eynsford, five bred 1903, N. Kent, one; lactimarginata Cockayne, holo-
type, Chattenden, bred (cf. Ent. Rec., 64: 240). Also, ab. with
“speckling absent”, N. Kent, two.

First Record, 1795: “Is sometimes taken in the interior part of
Darent-wood, Hartford. ... It has been met with also at Feversham,
in Kent, on the Elm” (Donovan, Nat. Hist. Bri. Ins., 4: 64).

S. tetralunaria Hufnagel : Purple Thorn.

Native. Woods, on birch.

1. Birch Wood (see First Record); one $, April 24th 1842
(Douglas, Entomologist, 1: 358). Erith, 1856 (Standish, Zoologist, 5209).
West Wickham, 1857 (Tugwell, Ent. week. Int., 3:11); 1951, 1952
(E. E. J. Trundell); April 28th 1963, July 27th 1967 (C.-H.); 1968 (4),
1969 (1), 1972 (1) (P. J. Renshaw). Chislehurst, not common (S. F. P.
Blyth); one (A. H. Jones, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Eltham (C. Fenn, in
Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley, rare (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv,,
1909); not common (B. K. West); one, April 17th 1952 (A. Heselden);
5 , May 1st 1969 (D. O’Keeffe). St. Paul’s Cray, a larva, September 26th
1912; Sidcup, April 21st (1), August 15th (1) 1939 (A. R. Kidner, Diary).
Petts Wood, one, 1949 (E. Evans). Orpington, 1955 (L. W. Siggs). St.
Mary Cray, April 13th 1959 (R. G. Chatelain). Bromley, 1959 (1), 1960
(6), 1961 (5), 1962 (16), 1963 (19), 1964 (43), 1965 (11), 1966 (12), earliest
date April 2nd 1961, latest August 21st 1962, 1963 and 1965, with
maximum (5) on both April 30th 1966 and May 13 th 1964 (D. R. M.
Long).

2. St. Mary’s* (Chaney, 1883-87).

3. Whitehall, Canterbury, two taken by F. A. Small, 1894 (S.
Wacher MS.). Blean Woods, $ , 1926 (D. G. Marsh).

5. Westerham (R. C. Edwards). High Elms, one, August 10th 1962
(R. G. Chatelain).

6. Gravesend (Button, Entomologist, 4: 129). Greenhithe* (Farn

15/IV/76

(148) entomologist’s record, vol. 88

MS.). Birling (H. C. Huggins). Fawkham (E. J. Hare).

6a. Darenth Wood (Harding, Ent. week, Int., 1:43, 51); July 31st
1861 (Fenn, Diary). Chattenden Roughs (Chaney, 1883-87). Cobham, $,
April 29th 1876 (Fenn, Diary); one, 1907 (A. R. Kidner, Diary).

I. West well, $ , August 4th 1945 (G. V. Bull, Diary).

8. Shepherdswell, two, April 27th 1946 (E. & Y., 1949; G. H.
Youden). Dover, several, mid April 1949 (B. O. C. Gardiner); singletons,
August 9th 1951, May 7th 1962, August 2nd 1964, August 12th 1967
(G. H. Youden). Covert Wood, three, April 10th, one. May 1st 1956
(W. D. Bowden).

10. Seal (Carrington, Entomologist, 13: 76). Brasted, not rare
(R. M. Prideaux). Sevenoaks, 1920 (1), 1922 (2) (Gillett, Diary); July
25th (1), August 1st (1) 1948 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary). Westerham
(R. C. Edwards).

II. Wateringbury {V.C.H., 1908). Shipbourne, in P. A. Buxton
coll. (C.-H.). Aylesford, one, 1952, one, 1953; East Mailing, one, 1951
(G. A. N. Davis). Hoads Wood, August 3rd 1954 (P. Cue MS.); $,
August 11th 1955 (C.-H.). Sevenoaks Weald, May 7th (2), July 31st (1)
1960 (E. A. Sadler).

12. Ham Street, April 4th 1933 (J. H. B. Lowe); April 22nd 1937
(A. J. L. Bowes); 5, April 10th 1939 and since, rather frequent in both
broods at light (C.-H.); August 2nd (1) 1956, April 27th (1), May 2nd
(1), 7th (2) 1958 (G. H. Youden); 1957 (de Worms, Entomologist, 90:
136); a few, c. 1960 (M. Singleton); first brood usually common, second
bro^ rarely seen; about 30, April 1968 (D. O’Keeffe). Ashford Town,
August 16th 1954 (P. Cue MS.). Chartham, one, 1951 (P. B. Wacher).
Willesborough, one, July 27th 1956; Wye, four, July 21st-August 5th
1953, two, August 5th 1954, two, August 2nd-12th 1955, five, July 24th-
August 25th 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Brook* (C. A. W. Duffield); c. 1960
(M. Singleton). West Ashford, three (M. Singleton).

13. Tunbridge Wells, 1894 (Beeching, Entomologist, 27:351); one,

1958 by L. R. Tesch, one, 1957 (C. A. Stace).

14. Hawkhurst (Melvill, Entomologist, 5 (74), ii); 1950 (B. G.
Chatfield). Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). Benenden, larva on birch, July 7th
1942 (G. V. Bull, Diary).

16. Near Hythe* (Saunders teste Morley, 1931). Folkestone Town,
one, 1954, taken by R. W. Fawthrop (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — The following are in RCK: ab. clara Lempke, N.
Kent, 1910 (1); ab. obscura Lempke, N. Kent, several, bred; ab.
“contrasting brown and white”, one, Ashford, 1933, A. J. L. Bowes;
ab. with “pale margins”, one Bexley, 1915.

Hybridization. — Hybr. parvilunaria Bartel (5. dent aria $ x S.
tetralunaria $), bred series, N. Kent and Bexley. Hybr. tetrabilunaria
Klemann (5. tetralunaria $ x S. dentaria $), bred series, Bexley.

First Record, 1831: “Found in the vicinity of Birch-wood”

(Stephens, Haust., 3: 171).

Odontopera bidentata Clerck : Scalloped Hazel.

Native. Woods, bushy places, etc.: on birch, hawthorn, maple,

beech, pine, spruce, larch. Recorded from all divisions except 2, 4
(probably occurs in both), 9 and once only from 15. “Generally com-
mon” (V.C.H., 1908).

F. T. Grant records taking the larva in September 1925 at Darenth
Wood on birch; A. R. Kidner {Diary) took a larva at Keston, September
16th 1921 on pine; and West {Ent. Rec., 18: 171) beat larvae at West
Wickham from spruce and fir. D. R. M. Long has taken the larva at
Shoreham on hawthorn and larch, at Lullingstone on maple, at Crofton
on birch and at Westwell on beech.

15. Dungeness, one, June 11th 1962 in m.v. trap (R. E. Scott).

Variation. — Ab. nigra Prout was first noticed in Kent at Lee in

1959 when a ^ appeared in C. G. Bruce’s garden m.v. trap on May
14th; since then, nigra has increased considerably to average about
five per annum at his trap, and he estimates it now represents 20% of
the population at this locality. Elsewhere, nigra has occurred at Bexley,
one 5 , 1966, then none till 1970, but one or two annually since (D.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(149)

O’Keeffe); Orpington, four, 1966 (R. G. Chatelain); West Wickham,
one, 1969, one, 1974 (P. J. Renshaw). O’Keeffe (JEnt. Rec., 82: 215)
records from Bexley “an intermediate form with the central area of
the otherwise black forewings, dark brown”; and a similar specimen
was taken at Blackheath in 1955 (A. A. Allen). All these localities are
in division 1, and I am not aware that nigra has yet turned up elsewhere
in the county (C.-H.),

B, K. West bred from a single feral larva found at Bexley in 1965,
an ab. fenestrata Cockayne on May 4th 1966.

The following are in RCK; Typical bidentata Clerck, Bexley, 1905,
Chevening, 1912-14 (4); ab. pallida Lempke, Kent; ab. fusca Lempke,
Chevening, 1917 (1); ab. clausa Lempke, Tunbridge Wells, bred 1909,
L. B. Prout; ab. “with postmedian strong dark line absent”, Bexley,
1905 (1); ab. “transverse lines widely separated”, Westwell, 1904 (1).)

First Record, 1863: Bostall Wood, May 15th 1863 (Fenn, Diary).

Crocallis elinguaria L. : Scalloped Oak.

Native. Woods, gardens, scrubland, waste places, etc.; on elm,
hawthorn, aspen, plum, snowberry, sea buckthorn. Fairly plentiful and
found in all divisions. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908).

D. R. M. Long noted the larva at Croft on on elm, hawthorn and
aspen; Fenn {Diary) writes that on May 5th 1874 at Lee, he took five
larvae on snowberry; and Carr {Trans. Cy. Land. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1889: 80) records the larva as abundant there in a garden on plum. I
beat a small larva on March 24th 1960 from sea buckthorn {Hippophae
rhamnoides) at Littlestone from which I bred a $ (C.-H.).

The imago normally appears from about mid July to mid August;
but in 1952 A. H. Heselden first noted it in the wild at Bexley on June
27th, and in 1954, W. L. Rudland took it at Wye in an m.v. trap as late
as September 26th.

Variation. — Morley {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1954-55:
39, plate 2, fig. 8) exhibited from Folkestone an ab. with “thorax yellow
wings and body brown”; and {op. cit., 1955: 37) an ab. brevipennis
Cockayne, Folkestone, 1955.

The following aberrations are in RCK: defasciata Lempke, N.
Kent; radiata Cockayne, holotype 5, Chevening, 1914, Lort-Phillips
(Cockayne, Ent. mon. Mag., 84: 266, plate E, fig. 7); ab. with “median
fascia narrow”, Pembury, one, 1908. Also in RCK are two gynandro-
morphs: one, right side $ , left side $ , bred August 1918, W. St. John;
one, left side $, right side Bexley, 1912, L. W. Newman.

First Record, 1870: “In the Warren, and at light in the town”
(Knaggs, List of Macro-Lepidoptera occurring in the neighbourhood of
Folkestone, 16).

Ourapteryx sambucaria L. : Swallow-tailed Moth.

Native. Gardens, hedgerows, bushy places, etc.; on ivy, privet, birch,
broom, sallow, blackcurrant. Clematis vitalba, snowberry, hawthorn,
Euonymous. Frequent and found in all divisions. “Generally common,
abundant in the London suburbs” {V.C.H., 1908).

The species is normally univoltine; rarely, however, a partial second
generation apparently occurs in nature, thus in 1859, Barrett {Ent. week.
Int., 7: 75) noted an imago at West Wickham on October 4th; and
Huggins {Entomologist, 31: 287) one in 1904 at Gravesend on October
21st.

The larva is perhaps most often noted on ivy: several observers
have recorded finding it on this, and Kidner {Diary) repeatedly found
them on ivy in his garden at Sidcup as e.g. in the autumn of 1922 and
in May 1925. Gillett {Diary) found a larva at Brasted Chart on birch
from which the moth emerged in 1913; in May 1884, Fenn {Diary)
took larvae at Erith on Euonymous and snowberry, and at Lee on April
4th 1861 three larvae on sallow and one feeding on blackcurrant on
October 27th 1874, and P. Cue bred the moth from a larva which he
took at Westwell on C. vitalba, and another from one found at Ashford
Warren on broom. D. R. M. Long has found the larva at Lullingstone
on hawthorn and on August 1st 1967, I watched a $ at West Wickham
ovipositing on a privet {Ligustrum ovalifolium) leaf (C.-H.).

(150) entomologist’s record, VOL. 88 15/IV/76

Variation. — B. F. Skinner took a striking ab. at Orlestone Woods,
July 15th 1963, which became the holotype of ab. superba C.-H.
(Chalmers-Hunt, Ent. Gaz., 15: 138, plate 4, fig. 2).

In RCK are ab. destrigata Lempke, one bred Charlton, 1898, two
Sevenoaks, 1913; and ab. delineata Lempke, one bred Westcombe Park
by J. W. Tutt ex larva 1885.

First Notice, 1822: Gravesend, June 25th 1822, “I caught the
swallow-tail moth (Sambucaria)” (Arnold, Robert Pocock, 140).

Colotois pennaria L. : Feathered Thom.

Native. Woods, copses, bushy places; on hawthorn, elm, sallow,
birch, maple, oak, wild rose, hornbeam, apple. Recorded from all
divisions except 4 (probably occurs), once only from 15. “Generally
common” (V.C.H., 1908).

Massee (Rpt. E. Mailing Res. Stn. Suppl., 1928-30: 198) recorded
larvae and ova on apple at E. Mailing in 1929 and 1930; D. O’Keeffe
beat larvae from hawthorn in Folkestone Warren on April 26th 1967;
Kidner {Diary) found two larvae at Eynsford on wild rose, June 14th
1931; and B. K. West took the larva at Darenth Wood on hornbeam.
D. R. M. Long found the larva on birch at Crofton; on sallow, haw-
thorn and elm at Chislehurst; on maple at Eynsford, and on oak at
Petts Wood.

15. Bouderwall, one, November 8th 1966 (R. E. Scott).
Variation. — Morley {Proe. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1953-54:
38) exhibited ab. castinearia Lamb. $ , Folkestone; Law {Proc. S. Lond.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1956: 34) a $ ab. from Ham Street “with the space
between the two transverse lines of the forewings filled in to form a
deep brownish-fuscous band”; and Bull {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1948-49: 54) examples from Sandhurst “with black streaks”. A
strikingly melanic ^ bred by P. J. Renshaw from Ham Street, October
14th 1972 may be referable to an extreme form of ab. obscura Aigner.

In RCK are the following aberrations: nubilosa Hepp, Bickley;
mariscolora Lempke, Chevening, 1913; glabra Wize, Strood, bred 1905.

First Record, 1720: The larva taken “on the White-\hom . . .
near Lewisham in Kenf^ (Albin, Hat. Hist. Eng. Ins., facing plate 43).

Angerona pmnaria L. : Orange Moth.

Native. Woods, copses; on birch. Clematis vitalba. Rare or extinct
in div. 1; suspected casual in 15.

The moth is normally in one generation from late June to well
into July; in 1961 however, de Worms {Entomologist, 95: 101) noted it
at Orlestone on June 4th; and in 1949, Bull {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1949-50: 52) reported that one had flown into a friend’s house
at Sandhurst on November 22nd, an extraordinary late date and presum-
ably representing a partial second brood.

1. Shooter’s Hill Wood, one, June 24th 1862 (Fenn, Diary). S.E.
London, the moths “once locally common, are now (1894) never seen”
(Fenn, Ent. Rec., 6: 230). West Wickham (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 171).
Eltham, scarce (Jones, in Prout, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1901:67); Halfway Street (Jones, in Wool. Surv., 1909) may refer. Derrick
Wood, Farnborough, 1893 (H. Alderson, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley,
rare (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Abbey Wood, c. 1916 (St.
J. Marriott, in Juby & Hards, 1925); 1953 (A. J. Showier).

3. Bysing Wood (H. C. Huggins). Broad Oak, one, July 22nd 1949,
one at light, July 22nd 1951, 5, June 17th 1952 (C.-H.).

5. Westerham (R. C. Edwards).

6. Longfield (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (53), ii). Greenhithe* (Fam
MS.). Hartford* {V.C.H., 1908). Eynsford, 1911 (RCK).

6a. Darenth Wood, 1858 (Fisher, Ent. week. Int., 4: 140); 2 $ S,
2 $ 9, June 17th 1911 (F. T. Grant); not common, c. 1938 (B. K. West);
one larva beaten from C. vitalba, October 20th 1951 (J. F. Burton).
Chattenden, three, July 26th 1869 (J. J. Walker MS.); 1899 (James, Ent.
Rec., 12: 102); July 15th 1907 (H. C. Huggins); common, 1908 (S. F. P.
Blyth); five, July 9th 1912, five $ $ , June 28th 1913 (F. T. Grant).

7. Chatham district (Chaney, 1884-87). Westwell (Scott, 1936); July
9th 1946 (G. V. Bull, Diary).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(151)

8. Folkestone Warren, not scarce (Knaggs, 1870); fairly common
(Morley, 1931); July 15th 1935 (J. H. B. Lowe). Dover, about 20, 1861
(Stonestreet, Ent. week. Int., 10: 187). Atchester Wood, Stelling near
Elham, an extreme ab. (see under Variation)^ taken June 24th 1930;
Haddling Wood, one, July 16th 1932 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary). Near
Waldershare, common; Coombe Wood; Woolwich Wood (E. & Y., 1949).
Elham Park Woods, July 8th 1953 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 66: 110). Elham,

1959 (de Worms, Entomologist, 93: 117).

10. Seal (Carrington, Entomologist, 13: 76). Sevenoaks, July 12th
1920 (Gillett, Diary)\ c. 1945 (W. E. Busbridge).

11. Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908). Pluckley, one, 1925 (A. A.
Allen). Edenbridge, fairly common at dusk, 1930-33 (F. D. Greenwood).
Mereworth Wood, one, June 21st 1949 (W. A. Cope). Lords Wood, one,
1954 (G. A. N. Davis). Hoads Wood, common (P. Cue and E. Scott).
Sevenoaks Weald, two, June 24th-July 3rd 1959, six, June 19th-25th

1960 (E. A. Sadler).

12. Ham Street, June 17th 1934, June 25th 1935 (A. J. L. Bowes);
frequent and of regular occurrence at dusk in Orlestone Woods but
seldom at light (C.-H.); 26 $ $ , July 1st 1968 (D. O’Keeffe). Brook*
(Scott, 1936). Wye* (C. A. W. Duffield).

13. Pembury, common (Stainton, Man., 2: 10). Tunbridge Wells
district, larva on birch (E. D. Morgan). Kilndown, July 10th 1937 (G. V.
Bull, Diary). Tunbridge Wells, three, 1959 (L. R. Tesch). Frith Wood,
one, 1951 (B. G. Chatfield). Goudhurst, common (W. V. D. Bolt, pers.
comm., 1961).

14. Tenterden, very common (Stainton, loc. cit.); 1960 (C. G.
Orpin). Sandhurst, June 26th, July 4th 1930, July 11th 1932, June 24th
1934, June 29th 1936, June 14th 1937, July 15th 1949; Marsh Quarter,
June 20th 1940, June 11th 1943, 9 July 9th 1946 (G. V. Bull, Diary).

15. Dymchurch, one, 1952 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 65: 42).
Variation. — Williams {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1946-47:

125-135, plates xii-xiv, figs.) recorded the following aberrations from
Kent, some of which are holotypes: fuscapicata Williams, pluriguttata
Williams, diluta Williams, juncta Williams, postfusca Williams, pallidaria
Prout, aureocincta Oberthiir, pailescens Williams, douglasaria Williams,
griseoguttata Williams.

In RCK are the following aberrations: striolata Klem., N. Kent,
1907, several; griseoguttata Williams, Bexley, Chattenden, Darenth,
Ashford, Wateringbury; diluta Williams, Chattenden, Folkestone, Mid.
Kent, North Kent; feminaecoloris Valle, Eynsford, one bred 1911; nigri-
lineata Cockayne, holotype, N. Kent, 1907 (Cockayne, Ent. Rec., 64:
241); fuscapicata Williams, Kent, one bred 1918; spangbergi Lampa,
Chattenden; corylaria Thunberg, Darenth, Erith, Tunbridge Wells;
corylaria “with brown basal area extending to disc”, Chattenden, Folke-
stone; aureocincta Oberthiir, Chattenden, Folkestone, Ashford; pickettaria
Prout, Folkestone, N. Kent, Chattenden; juncta Williams, Eynsford,
North Kent, Chattenden; pallidaria Prout, Chattenden, bred 1897;
pailescens Williams, holotype, Folkestone, bred 1886 by R. E. Salwey
(Barrett, Br. Lep., pit. 270, fig. Id), paratype, Chattenden, Tutt, 1894;
postfusca Williams, paratype, Folkestone, bred by Blackall, 1883 (Barrett,
Br. Lep., pit. 270, fig. If), Ham Street, North Kent; smartaria Williams,
Darenth, one, 1897; fuscaria Prout, one, Elham, 1930; luteosordia
Horhammer, N. Kent, one.

First Record, 1830: “Shady groves and skirts of woods, Kent”
(Curtis, Br. Ent., 300).

Apocheima hispidaria Denis & Schiffermuller : Small Brindled Beauty.
Native. Woods, parkland; on oak, Spanish chestnut, hazel.

Note: This species is particularly subject to sudden changes in
numerical strength, the causes for which are obscure. In 1920, E. Scott
(personal communication) noted the moth very commonly on tree trunks
at Hoads Wood, and in the following year dug for the pupae there and
found them easily, but the year after moles were plentiful at the locality
and there were no pupae. On the other hand, J. A. Parry found that in

(152) entomologist’s record, vol. 88 15/IV/76

the Canterbury area larvae were in some years very heavily parasitized;
and May (Trans. Cy. Land. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1895-96: 14) records that
of all the larvae that Goddard collected at Darenth and Chattenden [in
1896] every one except one was ichneumoned. Though not based on
Kent but on Essex records, Bayne (Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.^
1893-94: 9 et seq.) read an interesting paper suggesting variation in
climate was the cause of the violent fluctuations in this species.

I. Birch Wood (see First Record). West Wickham, larvae on oak
(Machin, Entomologist, 4: 127); “Carpenter gave me a couple of dozen
larvae of hispidaria. He said the moth was very common at the end
of February in West Wickham Wood on the trunks of the oaks and he
once took one at sugar there” (Fenn, Diary, 8.V.1889; 1893 (Lathy,
Enotomologist, 26: 160); one, March 26th 1955 (E. J. Trundell). Shooters
Hill (V.C.H., 1908). Bexley, rare (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909);
March 20th (1), 24th (1) 1952 (A. Heselden). Chislehurst, two, March
10th 1918 (S. F. P. Blyth). Beckenham (R. Birchenough in de Worms,
Lond. Nat., 1957: 167). Bromley Common, larvae on oak, May 1946,
from which 3 2 9 , 3 $ S were bred, 1947 (A. M. & F. A. Swain). Hayes
Common, several 1948 (J. F. Burton). Petts Wood, frequent, 1948 (A. M.
Swain). Bromley, one, March 13th 1965 (D. R. M. Long).

3. Thornden Wood, S, April 3rd 1934, March 22nd 1935

(A. J. L. Bowes). Blean Woods, S , March 24th 1935 (P. F. Harris,

Diary). Barton Wood, March 10th (4 S S), 11th (1 $), 13th (1 $) 1945
(C.-H.). Pine Wood, imago very common some years, larvae common
on Spanish chestnut and hazel (J. A. Parry). Herne Bay, $ , March 9th
1948, others occasionally (D. G. Marsh). East Blean Wood, $ $ at
m.v.l., March 19th 1957 (P. B. Wacher). Trenley Park Wood, four S S
at light, March 25th 1956 (D. G. Marsh). West Blean, four, March 16th
1972 (S. E. Whitebread).

6. Fawkham (E. J. Hare). Eynsford, two, 1961 (B. K. West).

Higham, six, March 15th 1972 (S. E. Whitebread).

6a. Darenth, larvae taken by Goddard of Erith (May, Trans. Cy.
Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1896: 14); c. 1905 (H. C. Huggins). Chatten-
den, larvae taken by Goddard of Erith on Spanish chestnut (May, loc.
c/7.).

7. Bearsted, March 6th 1948 (G. Law). Westwell, ^ at light,
February 29th 1948; six, March 11th 1954 (E. Scott). Trundle Wood,
TQ/85Z, March 24th 1972 (I. A. Watkinson).

8. Dover (W. E. Busbridge). Kearsney; Whitfield (E. & Y., 1949).

9. Cliftonville, $ , February 14th 1948 (W. D. Bowden).

10. Westerham (R. C. Edwards).

II. Tonbridge (Raynor, Entomologist, 6:79). Wateringbury, one,
1902; Mid. Kent, numerous, 1912; all in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.).
[Yalding?], rare (Reid, S.E. Nat., 1904:53). Tonbridge district, 1911
(Rattray, Entomologist, 45: 80). Great Chart, two pupae, moths bred
February 14th, 20th 1920 (J. W. C. Hunt). Hoads Wood, very common
in 1920 with as many as six moths on a single tree trunk (E. Scott);
plenty at light March 1954 (P. Cue MS.); April 2nd (4), 11th (numerous)
1955 (W. L. Rudland); two 5 ^ , 1961 (M. Singleton); four at light trap,
March 19th 1973 (I. A. Watkinson). Aylesford, one, 1954 (G. A. N.
Davis). Sevenoaks Weald, seven, February 29th-March 24th 1960 (E. A.
Sadler). Dering Wood, one, April 5th 1974 (S. E. Whitebread). Higham
Wood, Tonbridge, 1971 (D. W. Webb teste S. E. Whitebread).

12. Ashford, March 15th 1934 (G. V. Bull, Diary). Ham Street,
April 7th 1934, April 3rd 1937 (G. V. Bull, Diary); $ ^ at light, March
25th, 26th, April 1st 1935, March 23rd, 26th 1936; comes freely, but
late, to light; often buzzes in the road a few yards from the light
(A. J. L. Bowes); two ^ ^ , April 9th 1955 edge of Long Rope (C.-H.);
four at m.v.l., March 19th 1973 (S. E. Whitebread). Brook, 5, 1954
(Duffield, Trans. Folkestone nat. Hist. Soc., 1954: 23). Wye, one, March
9th 1954, three, March 16th-19th 1956, two March 7th-13th 1957 (W. L.
Rudland). West Ashford, $ , 1961 (M. Singleton).

13. Pembury, c. 1950 (Miss V. M. Sage). Goudhurst, common
(W. V. D. Bolt, pers. comm. 1961).

14. Sandhurst, March 7th 1939, March 21st 1946 (G. V. Bull,
Diary). Tenterden, 1960 (C. G. Orpin).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (153)

Variation. — In RCK are ab. fusca Lempke, several, N. Kent;
ab. cottei Oberthiir, one, Ashford, 1939, A. J. L. Bowes.

First Record, 1831: Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 157).

A. pilosaria Denis & Schiffermuller :Pale Brindled-beauty.

Native. Woods, copses, parkland; on oak, apple, birch, ash, syca-
more, crack willow, sloe, alder, buckthorn, sallow, hawthorn, wych elm.
Recorded from all divisions except 4 (probably occurs); once only from
the edge of 15. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908).

The moth is normally out from late January or early February to
about mid. March; in 1936, however. Bull {Entomologist, 70: 43) recorded
one that came to light at Sandhurst on December 3rd, and in 1956,
W. L. Rudland noted it at light at Wye on December 4th.

The larva is perhaps most frequently noted on oak and there are
numerous records of its having been found on this in Kent. Other
natural pabula are apple, Massee {Rep. E. Mailing Res. Stn., 1941: 47)
having noted it on this at East Mailing, and on May 24th 1953 I beat
the larva from wych elm along the Hythe Military Canal below Kenard-
ington (C.-H.). D. R. M. Long has found the larva on birch, oak, ash,
crack willow and sloe at Chislehurst, on alder and buckthorn at Petts
Wood; on sallow at Crofton; and on hawthorn at Shoreham.

15. Hythe Military Canal below Kenardington, larva on wych elm.
May 24th 1953 (C.-H.).

Variation. — This is mainly in regard to the suppression of marking
and degree of darkness leading up to ab. monacharia Stdgr. In 1906,
Hewitt (in Doncaster, Ent. Rec., 18: 206 et seq.) stated that only the
“light form” had been recorded from Kent. However, he had obviously
overlooked a melanic ab. from the Bromley district “with the basal
half of the anterior wings very black, the remainder of the anterior
wings and the inferior wings darker than usual”, exhibited by J. W.
Tutt on behalf of H. Alderson {Proe. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1888-89: 35; Barker, Entomologist, 21: 95). W. Barnes (in Wool. Surv.,
1909) has: “Farnborough, common, dark form very rare”; I noted

in W. A. Cope coll, one trans. ad monacharia Bromley, 1909 (C.-H.);
and A. R, Kidner {Diary) recorded one “melanic” that he took, Sidcup,
February 1934. The foregoing are the only records that I have of
melanic pilosaria in Kent prior to the 1940’s (C.-H.).

J. F. Burton {in litt.) records four monacharia at Shooters Hill,
March 30th 1947, and one at Petts Wood in 1948 among many pale
specimens; and I have one monacharia. West Wickham, 1949 (C.-H.).
Further east, G. A. N. Davis noted about fifty pilosaria at Aylesford
(div. 11) from 1951-54, only one of which (in 1954) was referable to
monocharia; G. V. Bull {Diary) noted a monacharia at Sandhurst (div.
14) on January 22nd 1954; and G. H. Youden one at Shepherdswell (div.
8) in 1947.

In RCK are typical specimens of pilosaria, Bickley, 1922, Chevening,
bred 1918; and ab. uniformata Lempke, Chevening, several, 1917.

First Record, 1859: Westerham (Gorham, Ent. week. Int., 7:28).

Lycia hirtaria Clerck : Brindled Beauty.

Native. Gardens, parks, woods; on lime, hawthorn, sallow, privet,
elm, wild cherry.

The V.C.H. (1908) has “generally abundant”, though generally
common where it occurs would have been nearer the truth, and the moth
is now far more frequent and widespread in the county than it was at
the beginning of the century. Until relatively recently the records were
mainly for the urban districts of north-west Kent, but since 1948 the
moth has appeared for the first time on record in many new localities
and in country areas far from towns it is now quite numerous. Particu-
larly interesting was its appearance for the first time on record in the
Ashford (1950) Folkestone (1952) and Dover (1955) areas.

1. Lewisham, May 15th 1861 (Fenn, Diary). Lewisham and Green-
wich district, 1890, commoner this year (Tugwell, Proc. S. Lond. ent.
nat. Hist., 1890: 34). Lee, 1902 (Carr, Entomologist, 36: 24); 1904 (Tutt,
Ent. Rec., 16: 158); (Green, Trans. W. Kent nat. Hist. Soc., 1905-06: 15).
Brockley, larvae common on hawthorn (Turner, Ent. Rec., 1: 350).

(154) entomologist’s record, vol. 88 15/IV/76

Generally distributed, common on limes in gardens and main streets —
Westcombe Park; Greenwich; Blackheath; Lewisham; Lee; Eltham;
Bexley; Farnborough {Wool. Surv., 1909). Sidcup, 1910-39, imago noted
nearly every year, larvae abundant July 10th 1923 practically all infested
with dipterous parasites; New Eltham (A. R. Kidner). Chislehurst, not
common (S. F. P. Blyth). Catford, 1932 (P. F. Harris). Blackheath, 1918
(Edwards, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soo., 1918-19: 59); not rare at
m.v.l., 1959, and on lime trunks (A. A. Allen). Abbey Wood (Juby &
Hards, 1925); 1952 (A. J. Showier). Petts Wood, 1947 (1), 1950 (1) (E.
Evans); common, 1951 (A. M. Swain). Bexley (L. T. Ford); common at
m.v.l., April 7th-26th 1952 (A. Hesleden); very common annually (D.
O’Keeffe, in lift. 1976). Plentiful at Lewisham, Charlton, Greenwich,
Blackheath, Lee; common at Eltham, Shooters Hill, Bexley, Sidcup,
Mottingham (D. F. Owen, in lift., 1947). Orpington, 1954 (L. W. Siggs).
West Wickham (Deal, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1942-43 (2):
28); a few on trunks annually, 1948-56, also numerous at light since
(C.-H.). Bromley, 1960 (1), 1961 (4), 1962 (29), 1963 (10), 1964 (66),
1965 (62), 1966 (100), earliest date March 28th 1965, latest May 11th
1966, maximum (27) April 19th 1964 (D. R. M. Long). Eden Park,
larva on wild cherry, July 9th 1968 (C.-H.). Lee, common annually
(C. G. Bruce, in lift., 1976).

2. Faversham, 1914, 1926-27, males on gas lamps, larvae not
uncommon on lime (H. C. Huggins). Chatham Dockyard (Chaney, 1884-
87). Gravesend, common (F. T. Grant). Minster, Sheppey, three, April
13th-May 11th 1975 (F. H. Clouter per S. E. Whitebread). Halfway,
Sheppey, two, Maylst-2nd 1975 (J. S. Badmin per S. E. Whitebread).
Aylesford, one, May 3rd 1971 (E. Philp per S. E. Whitebread); common
at m.v.l., 1974-75 (P. J. Jewess per S. E. Whitebread). Newington*, 139
at m.v.l., March 25th-May 27th 1974 (V. Taylor per S. E. Whitebread).
Sittingbourne*, April 11th 1974 (I. A. Watkinson per S. E. Whitebread).

3. Canterbury* (Morris, Br. Moths, 1; 115); three, 1894 (S. Wacher
MS.); larvae common on privet, 1947 (J. A. Parry). Tankerton, April
6th (1), 24th (1) 1943; Chestfield, May 4th 1948; Milstrood, pair in
cop., April 29th 1949 (P. F. Harris, Diary). Eddington, ^ , May 12th 1953
(D. G. Marsh, Diary). Chartham Hatch (P. B. Wacher).

4. Ickham, four, May 9th 1959, two. May 6th 1960 (D. G. Marsh).

5. Westerham, April 30th 1958, and annually since (R. C. Edwards
personal communication 13. i. 1962).

6. Pinden, a larva 1948, imago reared, seven moths April 18th
1952 (E. J. Hare). Higham, common at m.v.l. annually, 1971-75 (S. E.
Whitebread).

7. Darland Hill (Chaney, 1884-87). Westwell, about 12, April 20th
1951, also noted in 1954 (E. Scott); one larva, 1960 (M. Enfield). Broad
Street, two, April 30th 1955 (E. Philp). Sittingbourne, several at m.v.l.
every night April-May 1975 (I. A. Watkinson per S. E. Whitebread).

8. Dover, one in m.v. trap, April 29th 1955 (G. H. Youden).

9. Margate, one, 1904 in J. P. Barrett coll. (C.-H.); four moths,
1919, larvae on elm, June 12th 1919, one moth 1920 (H. G. Gomm,
Diary)', one sitting on a tram-standard at Northdown, April 3rd 1921
(B. Embry); four on lamps in Northdown Park, 1933 (P. F. Harris,
Diary). Minster, one, 1915 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Broadstairs, one,
1933 (J. W. C. Hunt).

11. Tonbridge (Raynor, Entomologist, 6:79). Mid. Kent [Maid-
stone], one, 1898 (Reid, S.E. Nat., 1904:53). Maidstone, one, 1891, H.
Elgar, in Maidstone Mus. (C.-H.); one, 1955 (E. Philp). Aylesford,
common at m.v.l., 1951-54 (G. A. N. Davis). Loose, at light. May 5th
(11), 12th (2) 1956 (E. Philp). Sevenoaks Weald, one, April 27th 1960
(E. A. Sadler). Higham Wood, Tonbridge, 1971 (D. W. Webb per S. E.
Whitebread). Bearsted*, one, April 13th, one. May 3rd 1972 (Mrs. M.
Bates per S. E. Whitebread).

12. Brook, one. May 5th 1950 (C. A. W. Duffield teste Scott,
1950); eight one night, April 1951 (C. A. W. Duffield). Ham Street,
several at m.v.l. in Orlestone Woods, May 12th-13th 1951, May 7th
1956 (C.-H.); 3 ^ S, April 4th 1951, 3 5 May 10th 1954 (G. H.
Youden); two. May 6th 1960 (R. G. Chatelain). Chartham, 1952 (P. B.
Wacher). Wye, 169 at m.v.l., 1954-56; Willesborough, 14 at m.v.l., 1954-

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (155)

56 (W. L. Rudland). Ashford, 1953-55 (P. Cue). West Ashford, three
$ S , 1960 (M. Enfield).

13. Broadwater Down, one, 1946 (E. D. Morgan). Goudhurst, first
seen 1954, common annually at light since (W. V. D. Bolt, pers. comm.).
Pembury, May 5th 1973 (D. W. Webb per S. E. Whitebread). Tunbridge
Wells, one. May 30th 1974 (I. Beavis per S. E. Whitebread).

14. Sandhurst, a larva, July 1st 1935, one, April 21st 1939, one at
light, April 27th 1948 (G. V. Bull, Diary). Hawkhurst, some dozens at
light, 1950 and 1951; common 1952-53 (B. G. Chatfield). Iden Green,
one, 1951 (H. Boxall).

16. Folkestone Town, 20 5 5 at li-ght, April 1952 (Morley, Ent.
Rec., 65: 21); 1953 (7), 1954 (5), 1955 (none, as away), 1956 (12), 1957
(4), 1958 (6) (A. M. Morley).

Variation, — Ab. nigra Cockayne is evidently scarce and confined
to West Kent, but may be increasing. Specimens apparently referable to
this have occurred at: Bexley (Newman, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1921-22: 34); one, 1967, and one or two annually since 1970 (D.
O’Keeffe, in litt., 16.1.1976); one, 1970 (B. K. West); Lee, one, 1970
(C. G. Bruce); West Wickham, ^ , 1963 (C.-H.); one, 1974 (P. J. Ren-
shaw); all localities in div. 1, and the only other record of nigra is of
one taken in div. 6 by J. Ellerton at Meopham in 1962.

Morley {Ent. Rec., 65: 21) states that Folkestone hirtaria are unlike
his London specimens: the former “are more heavily marked and their
ground colour is greyer”, and he suggests they have a different origin.

The following aberrations are in RCK: flavescens Prout, Bickley,
bred 1926, Bexley, bred 1920; variegata Lempke, Bickley, bred 1926,
Lewisham, 1892; fumaria Haw., Farnborough, one, 1886, H. Alderson.

First Record, 1861: Lewisham (Fenn, Diary, 15.V.1861).

Biston strataria Hufnagel : Oak Beauty.

Native. Woods, parkland; on oak.

1. West Wickham, 1861 (Ayland, Ent. week. Int., 10: 18); freshly
emerged $ on oak trunk, March 13th 1948, $ S frequent at light, 1963
(C.-H.). Greenwich Park; Blackheath; Eltham; Lee; Orpington; Bromley;
Bexley; Beckenham; Farnborou-gh ( IVooi. Surv., 1909). Chislehurst
(S. F. P. Blyth). Sidcup, 1919 (1), 1937 (1); Bexley, 1922 (1), 1928 (1);
Petts Wood, larva, June 21st 1924; Farningham Wood, larva, June 12th
1927 (Kidner, Diary). Petts Wood, one, 1947, one, 1948 (E. Evans).
Abbey Wood, scarce (Juby & Hards, 1925); 1947 (A. J. Showier).
Orpington, 1949 (L. W. Siggs). Farnborough, May 24th 1950 (C.-H.).
Bexley, March 21st (2), April 7th (6), 9th (5) 1952 (A. Heselden). Bostall
Wood, one or two; Joydens Wood, one or two (D. F. Owen, 1947).
Elmstead Wood, one, April 14th 1947; Jackwood, Shooters Hill,
April 9th 1947, April 6th 1948 (J. F. Burton). Bromley, 1960 (3), 1961
(2), 1962 (6), 1963 (7), 1964 (13), 1965 (25), 1966 (10), earliest appearance
March 14th 1961, latest April 30th 1964 with maximum (13) March 28th
1965 (D. R. M. Long).

2. Near Sheerness, “a few males at gas-lamps in the spring”
(Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 184). New Brompton (Chaney, 1884-87).

3. Canterbury, one bred 1894 from pupa dug at Dane John; Big-
bury Wood, April 1894 (S. Wacher MS.). Herne Bay, 1933, 1934, 1935;
Herne, quite common about the Share and Coulter, moths and larvae
(A. J. L. Bowes, in litt., 1939). Blean Woods, odd ones on trunks (D. G.
Marsh). Pine Wood, uncommon (J. A. Parry). Barton Wood, 5 , March
13th 1945 (C.-H.). Trenley Park, ^ , April 12th 1947 (C.-H.); April 2nd
(many $ $), 13 {$ $ common) 1956 (W. D. Bowden).

4. Ham Fen, one, April 10th 1955 (C.-H.).

5. Downe (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909).

6. Gravesend, April 24th 1911, April 1913, April 2nd 1925 (F. T.
Grant). Pinden (E. J. Hare).

6a. Darenth Wood (see First Record); 1843 (Bedell, Zoologist,
1007); one, April 2nd 1905, a few larvae, June 28th 1907 (A. R. Kidner,
Diary). Cobham (Chaney, 1884-87); (H. C. Huggins).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, loc. cit.). Westwell (Scott, 1936).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Stowting; Brook*; Wye* (C. A. W.

(156)

entomologist’s record, VOL, 88

15/VI/76

Duffield). Dover, one, April 3rd 1946 (B. O. C. Gardiner). Kearsney;
Waldershare (E. & Y., 1949). Covert Wood, many S S , April 10th 1956
(W. D. Bowden).

9. Nether Court Hill, Ramsgate, one many years ago (J. W. C.
Hunt pers. comm., 1951). Cliftonville, one, April 4th 1955 (W. D.
Bowden).

10. Westerham (Gorham, Ent. week. Int., 1: 28); (R. C. Edwards).
Brasted, occasionally (R. M. Prideaux). Brasted Station, one, 1913, one,
1914; Brasted Chart, one, April 2nd 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Sevenoaks, in
P. J. & D. J. A. Buxton coll. (C.-H,); ^ “on hawthorn buds”, March
6th 1938 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary). Seal Chart (Coote, Proc. S. Lond.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1937-38: 45).

11. Tonbridge (Raynor, Entomologist, 6:79); common annually
(H. E. Hammond). Shipborne, in P. A. & D. J. A. Buxton coll. (C.-H.).
Penshurst*, 1939 (2) (D. G. Marsh). Aylesford, common (G. A. N.
Davis). Sevenoaks Weald, 46 between February 28th and April 5th 1960
(E. A. Sadler). Hoads Wood (Scott, 1950).

12. Ham Street, April 15th 1933, April 7th 1937 (G. V. Bull,
Diary)', April 1st 1935, plentiful at light with 16 on sheet at same
moment; ten noted by J. O. T. Howard, March 28th 1936 (A. J. L.
Bowes); about 60 at light, all $ $ , April 9th 1955 (C.-H.). Ashford
Warren (Scott, 1936). Ashford Town, frequent (P. Cue). Willesborough,
1954 (6), 1955 (7), 1956 (15), 1957 (2); Wye, 1953 (3), 1954 (45), 1955
(28), 1956 (42) (W. L. Rudland).

13. Tunbridge Wells (Knipe, 1916); 1957 (C. A. Stace); 1957-59,
one or two annually (L. R. Tesch per C. A. Stace). Pembury, c. 1950
(Miss V. M. Sa-ge). Hurst Woods, one, 1953 (C. A. Stace). Goudhurst,
common (W. V. D. Bolt, pers. comm., 1961).

14. Tenterden, one (Beale, Zoologist, 4130). Hawkhurst, March
6th 1927 (G. V. Bull, Diary).

16. Near Hythe (Morley, 1931). Folkestone Town, two or three
(A. M. Morley).

Variation. — Jacobs {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist Soc., 1932-33: 81)
exhibited one from Bromley “with a melanic tendency especially in the
central area”; and A. J. L. Bowes {in Utt., 1939) had noted both dark
and typical ^ 5 at Herne. Of ab. terrarius Weymer, I noted one
referable to this in W. A. Cope coll, taken Bromley, c. 1910, and
another in W. V. D. Bolt coll., taken Goudhurst, 1956, and of the
some 60 S 6' at Ham Street on April 9th 1955, six approximated to
this form (C.-H.).

De Worms {Entomologist, 73: 82) recorded that at Ham Street in
1939, W. Norton took a “remarkable albinistic specimen”; and Davis
{Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1955: 23) a “very dark black and
brown form” from Aylesford, which specimen, a ^ taken April 4th
1955, is in my coll, and referable to ab. terrarius Weymer (C.-H.).

The following aberrations are in RCK: conjunctarius Galvagni,

Bexley, one, 1906; meridionalis Ob., Bexley Wood, one, 1903; umbrata
Lempke, Ashford, one, 1935; nigricans Ob., Ashford, 1941, bred;
robiniaria Frings, E. Kent, many 1943, S.E. Kent, three, bred 1942,
Herne Bay, one, 1934, one, 1935, Ashford, one, 1937, N. Kent, one,
1945, bred. Also, ab. with “whole of wings peppered as in B. betularia”,
N. Kent, one, 1918; ab. with “peppering or dusting intense almost
obliterating white ground”, $, Ashford, March 10th 1954, taken by
P. Cue {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1954-55: 23, pit. 1, fig. 8 as
robiniaria Frings, but is more extreme than that and appears to be
trans ad melanaria Koch — C.-H.).

First Record, 1837: Darenth Wood (Norman, Ent. Mag., 4: 155).

B. betularia L. : Peppered Moth.

Native. Woods, gardens, hop fields, bushy places, etc.; on sallow,
hawthorn, birch, oak, alder, rose, hop. Aster tripolium, apple, cherry,
wild plum, Ribes sanguineum, mugwort, blackcurrant. Frequent and
found in all divisions. “Generally common” {V.C.H., 1908).

Theobald {Insects and other Allied Pests, 65-66) records finding the
lan^a in Kent on apple and cherry; D. O’Keeffe took larvae at Ham

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(157)

Street in October 1968 on sallow; and West {Ent. Rec., 77: 49) observed
them at Bexley Heath on R. sanguineum. A. A. Allen found the larva
at Blackheath on wild plum; and on Abbey Wood Marshes, September
15th 1951, J. F. Burton found a larva on A. tripolium. D. R. M. Long
has taken the larva at Crofton on blackcurrant, mugwort, hawthorn and
oak; and at Petts Wood on alder, rose.

There are many instances on record of the larva having been found
in Kent on hop, but according to Morgan (in Given, 1946) when speaking
of the Tunbridge Wells district, it is “now rarely seen on that plant”;
W. V. D. Bolt, however {personal comm., 1961) told me it was still
common on hop about Goudhurst, Both Morgan {op. cit.) and Theobald
{Entomologist, 59: 130, 63: 7) state that in Kent the larva is known as
“hop cat”.

The moth is normally on the wing from late May (or early June)
till July, but in 1962, D. R. M. Long noted it at Bromley as late as
September 1st.

Variation. — I have no knowledge of occurrence of melanic
betularia in Kent until 1901, in which year Carr (in Prout, Trans. Cy.
Land. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1901: 67) noted at Lee (div. 1), a $ ab.
carbonaria Jordan { — doubledayaria Mill.) in cop. with a typical
Adkin {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1925-26: 10) states that in
1902 he heard of the “black form” from Bexley Woods and adds that
in 1908 he captured a pair in his garden at Lewisham, the ^ being
carbonaria and the $ typical betularia. On February 5th 1907, Shaw
{Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1907: 5) exhibited a series secured
at Bexley by “sembling” with typical bred $ $ , and in four nights, 14
typical 15 carbonaria, three “light intermediates” and four “dark

intermediates” were attracted. Green {Ent. Rec., 16: 204) recorded
carbonaria at Mottingham in 1904, adding that it had only once before
been taken in that district. All these records are for div. 1 and the
area of Kent nearest to the metropolis.

In 1906, a $ carbonaria occurred at Frindsbury, near Rochester
(div. 6), “the first example of this form ever observed in this district
closely as it has been worked for the last 35 years” (Ovenden, Ent. Rec.,
18: 159); and in the same division, F. T. Grant noted carbonaria at
Gravesend in 1911, 1913 and 1914. Further east, J. W. C. Hunt took
one of the “black form” in 1918 at Broadstairs (div. 9); and Morley
(1931) records taking two ab. insularia Th.-Mieg. at Folkestone in 1930.
On June 11th 1925, Turner {Proc. S. Lond. nat. Hist. Soc., 1925-26:68)
exhibited carbonaria from Westerham (div. 10)*.

Comparatively recently, D. F. Owen {in litt., 1947) noted that in
the Lewisham district (div. 1) “completely black specimens” are abundant
and those with a fair amount of white occur, but the typical form does
not seem to be present. At Greenwich Park (div. 1), however, J. F.
Burton took a $ in 1949 that was typical. At West Wickham (div. 1) in
1963, of 112 betularia examined, 23 conformed to carbonaria Jordan,
75 to funebraria Lamb., five to insularia Th.-Mieg. and 10 to typical
betularia (C.-H.); and at Joydens Wood, Dartford (div. 1), B. K. West’s
counts were as follows: 1970, total 176, 12% type, 79.5% carbonaria,
8.5% insularia’, 1971, total 63, 11% type, 78% carbonaria, 11% insularia;
1972, total 70, 14% type, 79% carbonaria, l^o insularia; 1974, total 109,
7% type, 80% carbonaria, 13% insularia; 1975, total 69, 10% type,
68% carbonaria. ll^o insularia.

At Holt Wood, Aylesford (div. 11) Davis {Bull. K. Eld. CL, 2: 11)
found that of 298 specimens examined there in 1956, 60 were typical,
59 carbonaria and 179 insularia; at Sevenoaks Weald (div. 11) in 1959,
E. A. Sadler observed that 13 were typical and 22 melanic, and in 1960,
16 typical and 26 melanic; at Tunbridge Wells (div. 13), C. A. Stace
{in litt., 1959) wrote that the type is much less common there than the
black form; and at Hawkhurst (div. 14) where it is common at light,
B. G, Chatfield found that the type and black form were in about equal
numbers.

Rare forms in Kent are: ab. grisea Smith, $ taken July 4th 1971
(Chalmers-Hunt, Ent. Rec., 83: 282); and ab. morleyi C.-H., holotype ^
taken by A. M. Morley in Folkestone, August 6th 1962 (Chalmers-Hunt,

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Ent. Gaz., 15: 138, pit. 4, fig. 1), which specimen is now in RCK.

The following aberrations are in RCK: benesignata Lempke, Brasted
Chart, 1913 (1), Chevening, 1914 (1); semivirgata Cockayne, allotype,
Bexley bred 1903, paratype Lewisham, 1892 (Cockayne, Ent. Rec.,
65: 168); suffusa Cockayne, holotype, Folkestone, S. G. Hills (Cockayne,
Ent. Rec., 65:244), Bexley, $, 1914; insularia Th.-Mieg., Ham Street,
1957, Lewisham, two bred 1909, Ashford, 1939 (1), Bexley, 1907 (2),
1910 (1), 1911 (several, bred), 1913 (2); morleyi C.-H., holotype (see
above); carbonaria Jordan, Lewisham, 1909 (two, bred), Bexley, 1910 (1),
N. Kent, 1912, Westerham, 1925 (one, bred).

First Record, 1861: West Wickham and Darenth (Huckett, Ent.
week Int., 10: 51).

Agriopis leucophaearia Denis & Schiffermiiller : Spring Usher.

Native. Woods, parkland, orchards, on oak, apple. Recorded from
all divisions except 16 (doubtless occurs), 15; few records for 4, 9.
“Generally common” {V.C.H., 1908).

The chief pabulum is oak. D. R. M. Long has found the larva on
this at Ham Street and High Elms; and at Thornden Wood (div. 3),
June 2nd 1956, I found numbers of full-grown leucophaearia larvae
at rest on grass and various low plants below a large oak from which
they had presumably fallen (C.-H.). Massee {Rpt. E. Mailing Res. Stn.,
1945: 93) records finding larvae at East Mailing on apple.

4. Ickham, c. 1956 (D. G. Marsh).

9. Margate, January 23rd 1921; Quex Park, four pupae dug,
December 2nd 1915 from which three moths emerged February 15th
1916 (H. G. Gomm, Diary).

Variation. — The following aberrations are in RCK: flavescens
Lempke, Folkestone, one, 1882 marmorinaria Esper, Keston, one, 1903;
intermedia Lempke, Bromley, one 1902, N. Kent, one, 1916, Bexley, one,
1901; brunncomarmorata Lempke, N. Kent, one, 1916; rufomarmorata
Lempke, Keston, one, 1903; nigricaria Hiibn., N. Kent, one, 1910, four,
1916, Bexley, one, 1901, one, 1904, Keston, one, 1903, Chatham, one,
1908, Brasted Chart, one, 1913; nigricaria + merularia, Beckenham, one;
grisescens Lempke, Kent, one, 1914; brunnescens Lempke, Keston, one,
1903, N. Kent, 1911; merularia Weymer, Bromley, 1902, 1916; fuscata
Haverkampf, Beckenham, one, 1891; desparsata Hydm., Folkestone, one,
1923; trilinearia Sibille, N. Kent, one, 1911, one, 1916.

First Record, 1861: West Wood, March 9th 1861 (Fenn, Diary).

A. aurantiana Hiibner : Scarce Umber.

Native. Woods, copses, bushy places; on oak, hawthorn, birch,
maple. Frequent in deciduous woodland and found in all divisions except
15. Few records for 2, 4, 9, 16.

R. G. Chatelain found the larva commonly on hawthorn at Eyns-
ford in 1958 and bred the moth; E. A. Sadler noted the larva on oak
at Sevenoaks Weald; and D. R. M. Long has taken it at Lullingstone on
hawthorn and maple and at Ham Street on birch. Tutt. {Ent. Rec., 21:
139) records that on May 30th 1909 between Orpington and Chislehurst,
the larvae of this species were in “incredible” numbers.

2. Chatham Dockyard (Chaney, 1884-87).

4. Ickham, c. 1958 (D. G. Marsh).

9. St. Peters, November 7th (1), 11th (1) 1955 (W. D. Bowden).

16. Folkestone. — The Leas, 1928 (Morley, 1931); a few in the
town (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — The following aberrations are in RCK: demacularia
Scholz, Bickley, one, 1921; unistriga Lempke, Bickley, one, 1921; pallida
Lempke, Herne Bay, three, 1932; marmoraria Scholz, Sevenoaks, one,
bred.

First Record, 1831: Darenth (Stephens, Haust., 3: 155).

A. marginaria F. : Dotted Border.

Native. Woods, hedgerows, bushy places, etc.; on oak, hazel, haw-
thorn, maple, dog rose, apple, cherry. Found in all divisions. “Generally
common” {V.C.H., 1908).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(159)

The moth is usually on the wing from about the middle of February
till early April; but about 1948, J. A. Parry noted one at Pine Wood,
near Canterbury (div. 3) in December; and in 1961, Long {Ent. Rec., 73:
133) recorded seeing one at Bromley on January 11th.

Briggs {Rpt. E. Mailing Res. Stn., 1955: 143) records finding the
larva at East Mailing on apple and cherry; D. R. M. Long has noted
it on oak at Ham Street, and on hawthorn, maple and dogrose at
Lullingstone; and I have found it on hazel in many places in the county
(C.-H.).

Variation. — The following aberrations are in RCK: bicolor

Lempke, Ashford, one, 1936; unistrigaria Uffeln, Ashford, one, 1935;
infumata Fuchs, Bickley, 1921 (1), 1922 (2); ab. with “dark base fused
into pale outer area”, Bickley, one, 1925. Also, a specimen of typical
marginaria F., Isle of Sheppey, 1905, J. J. Jacobs.

I have a $ ab. uniformata Fuchs, Broad Oak (div. 3), 1938, and
another ^ of this ab., Farnborough, 1949 (C.-H.). The only other Kent
uniformata 1 am aware of, is a ^ taken by G. Law at Stone in 1956.

First Record, 1861: Lewisham, February 22nd 1861 (Fenn, Diary).

Erannis defoHaria Clerck : Mottled Umber.

Native. Woods, copses, parks, gardens, orchards, bushy places; on
oak, birch, hawthorn, elm, aspen, maple, crack willow, sallow. Found
in all divisions. Generaly common iV.C.H., 1908).

The larva is apparently polyphagous on deciduous trees and shrubs
and doubtless occurs in Kent on many more different species than are
cited here. Occasionally the larvae have been noted in vast numbers.
Thus, Adkin (Proc. S. Lond. ent. not. Hist. Soc., 1890-91: 67) records
having witnessed them in thousands at Chattenden, hanging from the
bare branches of oaks, and similarly so at West Wickham on another
occasion. In 1909, Tutt {Ent. Rec., 21: 139) graphically describes how at
Cuxton in May that year, he observed the larvae in such vast quantities
that many bushes appeared as if “scorched by a blast”.

Variation. — The following aberrations are in RCK: fuscosignata
Heinrich, N. Kent, one, bred, 1919; obscura Heifer, Wateringbury, one,
1910, Sevenoaks, one, 1917, Bexley, one, 1916, Flerne Bay, one, 1932;
hrunnescens Rebel, N. Kent, three, 1917, Sevenoaks, one, 1911; transitoria
Lempke, Sevenoaks, one, 1917; obscurata Staudinger, N. Kent, one, 1917,
Herne Bay, 1932, Wateringbury, one, 1910; obscuratafasciata Lempke,
N. Kent, one, 1917, Sevenoaks, one, 1911; progressiva Haverkampf,
Sevenoaks, one, 1917. Also, ab. with “orange ground”, Bexley, 1904 (1),
N. Kent, 1917 (1); ab. with “marginal blackspot cutting across median”,
N. Kent, 1917 (1).

First Record, 1857: Darenth (Harding, Ent. week. Int., 3: 69).

Menophra abruptaria Thunberg : Waved Umber.

Resident, perhaps native. Gardens and parks (especially those in
towns), shubberies, woods; on privet, lilac. Recorded from all divisions,
though apparently very seldom plentifully. Tutt (in Wool. Surv., 1909)
gave it as “sometimes abundant” in metropolitan Kent, but I know of
no instance of the moth having ever been seen in large numbers in the
county (C.-H.).

J. A. Parry frequently found the larva on privet in the City of
Canterbury in the 1940’s; and Knaggs (1870) and Chaney (1884-87)
record its occurrence on lilac at Folkestone and New Brompton respec-
tively.

The moth is mainly on the wing about the middle of May, but in
1938, A. J. L. Bowes noted it in Herne Bay as early as April 9th, and
in 1961 D. R. M. Long recorded one at Bromley on June 19th.

Variation. — Ab. brunneata Tutt, the darker ab. fuscata Tutt, and
ab. unicolor Tutt the darkest, are not sharply demarcated and considered
likely to be determined by a single dominant gene. Homozygotes and
heterozygotes are indistinguishable; males are on the whole darker than
females, and the majority of brunneata are female and of unicolor male.
Extreme melanic abruptaria from Kent are referable to one or other of
these three forms which appear to be increasing in the county, but so

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far as is known have as yet only been noted in div. 1, apart from one

example that P. Cue took in Ashford (div. 12) in 1955. The earliest

occurrence in Kent on record is of one from Charlton about 1910 which
was formerly in C. W. Sperring’s coll. Since then, a $ “ab. bunneata’'
was taken by E. Evans at Petts Wood in 1949, but seemingly no others
are known for the intervening period. D. O’Keeffe has seen one or two
“ab. fuscata'” annually at Bexley since about 1965, and in 1969 bred
about seven of these and seven typical examples from a typical female.
Nearer the metropolis, C. G. Bruce (m litt. 18.ii.76) states that abruptaria
is common at light at Lee and that approximately half are “ab. fuscata”;
and A. A. Allen took two of these in his m.v. trap at Charlton, May 17th

1974, but has not run the light there since. R. G. Chatelain (in litt.

12.iv.76) has only noted the dark form twice at Orpington, the first
time on May 7th 1970. Morley (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1959:
43) exhibited “dark abs.” from Folkestone, but though suffused they
were not extreme forms.

The following are in RCK: ab. with “basal half of hindwings

darkened”, Bexley, one, 1910; Folkestone, one bred, 1922; ab. with
“whitish ground markings obsolescent”, one, “Blackheath, J. W. Tutt”.

First Record, 1858: Tenterden (Stainton, Man., 2: 24).

Peribatodes rhomboidaria Denis & Schiffermiiller : Willow Beauty.

Native. Woods, gardens, hedgerows, bushy places, etc.; on yew, ivy,
Euonyrnous, plum. Clematis. Recorded from all divisions. “Generally
abundant” (V.C.H., 1908).

The moth is mainly on the wing in July and August, but in 1961
D. R. M. Long noted it at Bromley as early as June 6th, and at the
same locality and in the same year as late as September 30th and
probably one of a partial second generation.

Gillett (Diary) records finding the larva on yew at Chevening and
breeding the moth therefrom in 1917; and F. T. Grant repeatedly found
the larva in the autumn on ivy and Euonymoiis at Gravesend. D. R. M.
Long has found the larva at Shor^ham on plum and Clematis.

Variation. — This is chiefly in regard to the degree of darkness and
suppression of the forewing markings. Kent aberrations are recorded in
Proc. S. Lond, ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1905-06: 91, 1908-09: 84-85, 1915-16:
116, 1924-25:84, 1925-26:12, 1929-30:31, 1930-31:75-76, 1932-33:4,
1938-39:18, 1947-48:42, 1962:42; Ent. Rec.. 1:350, 11:269, 28:220,
65: 193; Entomologist, 18: 165-168, 75: 27; Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1900: 64; 1905: 10; Lond. Nat., 1925: 7.

The following aberrations are in RCK: minor Fuchs, Chevening,
bred 1917; perfumaria Newman, Blackheath, bred 1901 (1), Greenhithe,
bred 1907 (several), Dartford, bred 1913, 1914 (several), N. Kent, bred
1927 (several); brunneata Lempke, Dartford, bred 1913, Blackheath, bred
1901, N. Kent bred 1927; austral aria Curtis, Sevenoaks, one, 1922;
haggard Williams, bred from black N. Kent $ and light Ayrshire S ,
1930 (cf. Ent. Rec., 44:46); simplicia Lenek, Dartford, bred 1911, 1913,
1914, Bickley, 1920, Blackheath, bred 1901; obsoletaria Lenek, Dartford,
bred 1913, Folkestone, two, 1905, one, 1906; deumbrata Lempke, Dart-
ford, bred 1913 (1), Greenhithe, bred 1901 (1); illineata Schawarda,
Folkestone, one, 1910; nigra Adkin, Dartford, lectotype, bred 1908 (1),
Dartford, various years, bred (large series), Bexley, bred 1899, N. Kent
(1), N. Kent, bred various years, L. W. Newman (many), Kent, 1947,
bred, S. G. Smith (several); exqiiisita Lenek, Greenhithe, bred 1907 (14),
Dartford, bred 1913 (1), bred 1914 (1), Kent, bred 1947, S. G. Smith
(several); unigrisea Lenek, Dartford, bred 1913 (1); orcus Lenek, Dart-
tod, bred 1912, 1913, 1914 (several for each year), Kent, bred 1947,
S. G. Smith (2); ab. “variegated pattern”, Dartford, bred 1913 (1); ab.
“darkened borders”, Sevenoaks, 1921 (1). Also, typical rhomboidaria:
Dartford, bred 1908, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1913; Greenhithe, bred 1907
(several); Mereworth, bred 1902; N. Kent, bred 1927.

First Record, 1861: Lewisham (Fenn, Diary, 9.vii.l861).

Selidosema brunnearia Villers ssp. scandinaviaria Staudinger : Bordered
Grey.

Probably native, long extinct.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(161)

I. Near Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 150).

First Record, 1831: “Not common within the metropolitan district:
it has however occurred in the fir plantation near Birch-wood . . . ”
(Stephens, loc. cit.).

{{Cleora cinctaria Denis & Schiffermuller: Ringed Carpet.

Doubtless recorded in error.

10. Brasted, larvae at the held meeting, July 6th 1901 (Adkin,
Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1901: 22). I have not the slightest
doubt these were misidentified (C.-H.).)|

Deileptenia ribeata Clerck : abietaria Denis & Schiffermuller : Satin
Carpet.

Native. Woods, copses, plantations; on yew, spruce.

1. Dartford Common, 1894, one on a fence (James, Entomologist,
28: 86).

5. Knockholt, April 28th 1933, one larva on yew in chalkpit, bred
June 19th 1933f; one larva. May 13th 1936, bred June 23rd 1936 (G. V.
Bull, Diary).

6. Kemsing (Carrington, Entomologist, 13: 77). Greenhithe, in moth
trap (Farn MS.). Meopham, odd ones among yews near the green, 1906
(FI. C. Huggins). Happy Valley, Culverstone, August 14th (1), 17th (1)
1922 (Grant, Entomologist, 36: 26). Shoreham, a larva, April 18th 1938,
a larva. May 11th 1939 (G. V. Bull, Diary). Shoreham and Otford,
W. A. Cope used to beat the larva not commonly from yew; he said
the short growth close to and growing up the trunk was the most
productive; he showed me several moths he had bred in 1948 from
larvae beaten from yews at Otford f(C.-H.). Shoreham, one, July 6th
1950, bred from a larva, in G. Law colLf (C.-H.).

7. Westwell, one, July 20th 1949f (E. Scott). Park Wood, Challock,
May 27th 1956, larva beaten from yew by L. C. Bushby {Bull. Kent Eld.
Cl, 2: 13).

8. Shepherdswell (V.C.H., 1908). Lyminge Forest, two larvae on
spruce, May 15th 1953, moths rearedf (P. Cue MS.).

12. Orlestone Woods, July 21st 1961, one $ taken and three or
four other worn ones released after capture near a fir plantation along
one of the rides (M. Singleton); $ , August 1962 (M. Enfield); 2 , at
light in Long Rope, July 26th 1964 (C.-H.); numerous moths, August
16th 1969 (G. H. Youden and C. G. M. de Worms).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2: 26).

15. Dungeness, $ , at m.v. light, August 28th 1954 (de Worms,
Entomologist, 87: 240).

Variation. — I have never seen typical ribeata from Kent. Those
that I have seen have all approximated to ab. sericearia Curtis (C.-H.).

First Record, 1858: Stainton, hoc. cit.

Aids repandata L. : Mottled Beauty.

Native. Woods, copses, gardens, bushy places, etc.; on hawthorn,
sloe, bilberry, oak, birch, elm, dock, crab apple, St. John’s Wort, ash,
bramble, yarrow, broom, void angelica. Recorded from all divisions
except 15. “Generally distributed and not uncommon” {V.C.H., 1908).

The larva has been found at West Wickham on hawthorn (Davis,
Ent. mon. Mag., 2:211), and birch (Huckett, Ent. week. Int., 10: 116).
R. G. Chatelain took one on elm at Chelsfield; A. M. Swain found a
number on oak at Petts Wood; C. & J. Fenn {Diary) took several in
1861 at Lee on sloe; and Reid {Ent. Rec., 21: 56) records finding some
in Kent on bilberry. D. R. M. Long has found the larva on dock, birch,
crab apple, St. John’s Wort and ash at Chislehurst; on wild angelica at
Crofton; and on yarrow, bramble and broom on Dartford Heath.

The moth is mainly on the wing from late June throughout July
to early August. In 1963, D. R. M. Long noted it at Bromley as late as
September 16th, thus possibly representing a partial second generation.

Variation. — Ab. conversaria Hiibner is uncommon in Kent but
has been recorded from Bexley district (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv.,
1909); Wigmore Wood, one, 1854 (Chaney, 1884-87); West Wickham

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(Davis, Ent. mon. Mag., 2:211); Aylesford, one, 1952, two, 1954
(G. A. N. Davis); Mereworth Woods, a number, 1955 (Davis, Bull. Kent
Fid. CL, 1:7); Ham Street, $, 1968 (D. O’Keelfe); Darenth Wood (see
First Record)', Wateringbury, several extreme examples bred from ova
by W. A. Cope (C.-H.).

The following aberrations are in RCK: similata Vorbrodt, Bexley,
one bred 1903; mendeli Williams, paratypes (2), N. Kent, 1907; brunneata
Heydemann, Westerham, five bred 1890; nigricata Fuchs with “dark
dusting increased”, Chatham, one, 1908; conversaria Hiibner, N. Kent,
1907 (2), Bexley, 1906 (1), bred 1907, 1908; ab. with “strong dentate
median line”, Westerham, one bred 1890. Also, typical repandata L.,
Mereworth, bred 1902; N. Kent, bred 1918; Bexley, bred 1903, 1908.

First Notice, 1819: f. conversaria, one taken by “Mr. Blunt, in
Darenth-wood in July 1819” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 186).

[A. jubata Thunberg : Dotted Beauty.

Questionably Kentish.

1. West Wickham, one larva taken “during the past few years”
(Mannering, Entomologist, 43: 204, communicated 9.vi.l910).

3. Near Herne Bay, two taken (in August) 1859 (Butler, Ent. week.
Int., 6: 180).]

Boarmia roboraria Denis & Schiffermuller : Oak Beauty.

Native. Woods, orchards; on oak, apple.

I. Birch Wood (see First Record). West Wickham (Stainton, Man.,
2:21)’, two, 1893 (Robinson, Entomologist, 26:224); 1951 (E. E. J.
Trundell). Shooters Hill (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 173). Bexley Wood (C.
Fenn, in Wool Surv., 1908). Bromley, 1887 (H. Alderson, in Wool. Surv.,
1909), $ taken in Bromley Woods, 1948 (W. A. Cope). Beckenham
(W. S. Bolas, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Orpington, 1926 (F. D. Greenwood).
Joydens Wood, c. 1946 (D. F. Owen). Bromley Common, $ June
18th 1947 (A. M. & F. A. Swain). Petts Wood, one, 1947, one, 1948
(E. Evans); occasionally (A.M. Swain).

5. Westerham (R. C. Edwards).

6. Eynsford, larva, August 19th 1933 (Blair, Proc. S. Fond. ent.
nat. Hist. Soc., 1933-34: 33).

6a. Greenhithe Wood, six, 1848 (Hodgkinson, Zoologist, 2328).
Cobham Woods, two by J. J. Walker (Chaney, 1884-87); 1882 (Pye, Roc/z.
Nat., 1896 (51), 353); two on tree trunks (H. C. Huggins); July 26th,
28th 1912, July 5th 1913 (F. T. Grant). Darenth Wood (E. J. Hare).

7. Westwell, July 5th 1932, June 28th 1934 (G. V. Bull, Diary).
Kings Wood (Scott, 1936). Whitehill, near Boughton Aluph, June 25th
1937 (A. H. Lanfear, Diary).

8. Elham Park Wood, two, July 3rd 1926 (W. E. Busbridge Diary)
(near Barham (E. & Y., 1949) refers). Gorsley Wood, not uncommon
c. 1946 (R. Gorer).

10'. Seal Chart (Carrington, Entomologist, 13: 79). Brasted (R. M.
Prideaux). Sevenoaks (W. E. Busbridge); June 29th 1919, June 28th 1920
(Gillett, Diary). Goodly Stock, one, 1956 (C.-H.).

II. Tonbridge (Raynor, Entomoloogist, 6:79); 1939, common at
light (H. E. Hammond). Maidstone; Wateringbury; Yalding (V.C.H.,
1908). Tonbridge district, 1911 (Rattray, Entomologist, 45: 80). Watering-
bury, three on tree trunks (H. C. Huggins). Hoads Wood, July 5th 1932
(G. V. Bull, Diary)’, June 20th 1955 (W. L. Rudland); June 23rd 1956
(C.-H.). Edenbridge, 1934 (F. D. Greenwood). Aylesford, one, 1951, one,
1952 (G. A. N. Davis). East Mailing, larva on apple foliage, early March
1943 (Massee, Rpt. E. Mailing Res. Stn., 1943: 58).

12. Ashford district (Chittenden, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1899: 107). Ham Street, common at light, June 17th, 29th 1934,
June 30th 1935 (A. J. L. Bowes); larvae beaten from oak, September
23rd 1935, moths reared (C. N. Hawkins); frequent at light, 1939, 1948
and since (C.-H.). Chartham, c. 1950 (P. B. Wacher). Wye, one, July
27th 1954, one, July 1st 1956 (W. L. Rudland).

13. Pembury, one, c. 1950 (Miss V.M. Sage). Tunbridge Wells,
one, 1955 (C. A. Stace).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(163)

14. Tenterden, common (Stainton, Man., 2: 27).

Variation. — My series of 22 roboraria from Orlestone Woods
consists of 16 more or less typical examples and six ab. infuscata Stdgr.
(C.-H.).

The following aberrations are in RCK: infuscata Stdgr., Ham Street,
three bred by C. N. Hawkins, June 1936, from larvae beaten from oak;
Ashford (Ham Street), four, 1934, A. J. L. Bowes. Ab. with “darkened
margins”. Ham Street, $ bred 1936, C. N. Hawkins. Ab. with “sub-
terminal well developed”, $ , Ashford (Ham Street), 1935, A. J. L.
Bowes.

First Record, 1831: Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 187).

Serraca punctinaUs Scopoli : consortaria Fabricius : Pale Oak Beauty.

Native. Woods; on oak, sycamore.

In 1948, L. W. Siggs took a moth at Orpington on April 27th, which
is unusually early for this species; and in 1950, R. W. Parfitt took one
at Ham Street as late as September 8th, perhaps a representative of a
partial second generation.

I. Recorded in the past from many locations in this division. More
recently it has been noted from: Bexley, May 22nd 1952 (2) (A. Hesel-
den). Petts Wood, common, 1951 (A. M. & F. A. Swain). Abbey Wood,
1952 (J. Green). Shooters Hill, May 14th 1948 (J. F. Burton). West
Wickham, several at light, 1963 (C.-H.). Joy dens Wood, common (D.
O’Keeffe). Orpington, 1964 (I. A. Watkinson). Bromley, 1960 (26), 1961
(19), 1962 (13), 1963 (8), 1964 (16), 1965 (15) (D. R. M. Long).

3. Broad Oak, one, June 23rd 1946 (C.-H.). Pine Wood, three, 1947
(J. A. Parry). Millstrood, Whitstable, one on elm trunk (P. F. Harris).

5. Farnborough*, June 20th 1900 (Alderson, Ent. Rec., 12:248).
Westerham (R. C. Edwards). Shoreham, two larvae (R. G. Chatelain).

6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). Eynsford, one, 1960 (R. G. Chatelain).

6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 187); 1845 (Stevens,

Zoologist, 1787); 1859 (Harding, Ent. week. Int., 6: 67); two, June 6th
1925 (F. T. Grant); fairly common (B. K. West). Mark Oak Wood
(Chaney, 1884-87). Stone Woods (H. C. Huggins). Cobham Wood, June
6th 1913 (F. T. Grant).

7. Chatham*, exhibited by W. C. Chaney at meeting of S. London
Entomological and Nat. Hist. Soc. on June 19th 1872 {Entomologist, 6:
144). Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). Long Beech Wood; Kings
Wood; West well (Scott, 1936). Boxley, 1953 (A. H. Harbottle).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Elham (W. E. Busbridge); “Woods
near Barham” (E. & Y., 1949) may refer. Wve Crown, one, 1938
(C.-H.). Dover, several, 1943 (B. O. C. Gardiner). Brook* (C. A. W.
Duffield). Bridge, c. 1946 (R. Gorer). Covert Wood, June 13th 1949
(G. H. Youden).

10. Seal Chart (Carrington, Entomologist, 13: 79). Brasted (R. M.
Prideaux). Westerham (Coote and Jacobs, Proc. S. Lond, ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1937-38: 37); 1951 (Leston, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist Soc.,
1951-52: 72). Sevenoaks, four. May 24th 1947 (W. E. Busbridge); 1949
(F. D. Greenwood).

II. Yalding; Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908). Wateringbury, three,
1909, in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.). Tonbridge dist., 1911 (Rattray,
Entomologist, 45: 80). Edenbridge, 1930 (F. D. Greenwood). Aylesford,
two, 1952, three, 1953 (G. A. N. Davis). Hoads Wood, June 15th, 20th
1955 (W. L. Rudland); $ , July 1962 (M. Singleton). Maidstone, one.
May 26th 1955 (E. Philp). Sevenoaks Weald, 14, June 2nd-27th 1960
(E. A. Sadler).

12. Ham Street (G. V. Bull); 1935 (A. J. L. Bowes); 1937 (A. H.
Lanfear, Diary); frequent at light, 1938 and since (C.-H.); at sugar,
June 28th 1955 (R. A. Jackson, Diary); larvae fairly common on oak
in Orelestone Woods, c. 1960 (M. Singleton); an imago September 8th
1950 (R. W. Parfitt). Chartham (P. B. Wacher). Willesborough, 1954
(2), 1956 (2); Wye, 1953 (4), 1954 (1), 1955 (2), 1956 (5) (W. L. Rudland).
Willesborough, one, 1960 (M. Singleton). Ashford Warren, larva on
sycamore (M. Enfield).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2:27). Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Mor-
gan). Goudhurst (G. V. Bull); common annually (W. V. D. Bolt, personal
communication, 1961).

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14. Sandhurst; Benenden, 1939 (G. V. Bull).

16. Folkestone, two (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — This is chiefly in regard to the increase of darkness
leading up to ab. hum per ti Hump. Dark forms have been recorded on
numerous occasions from Kent and the following are among the pub-
lished references: Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1916-17; 100,
1925-26: 13, 1929-30:31, 1930-31:75, 1951-52:42; Ent. Rec., 18:222-226,
26: 73; Entomologist, 38: 165.

The following Kent aberrations are in RCK: distincta Lempke, N.
Kent, bred 1918; bicolor Lempke, one, N. Kent, bred 1918; intermedia
Lempke, numerous, N. Kent, bred 1918; consobrinaria Borkh., N. Kent,
bred 1918 (numerous), Wateringbury, several, 1903, Kent, bred 1900 (1),
1904 (several), 1907 (1); hamper ti Humpert, N. Kent, bred 1918
(numerous). Mid. Kent, 1906, E. Goodwin (1); Ab. with “basal area
darkened”, Kent, bred 1916 (2). Also, several typical specimens, N.
Kent, bred 1918.

First Record, 1831: Stephens, loc. cit.

Cleorodes lichenaria Hufnagel : Brussels Lace.

Native. Woods, copses; on lichen on blackthorn and old fences.

I. Dartford Heath (Jenner, Week. Ent., 1: 197). West Wickham,
larva, April 14th 1866 (C. Miller in Ent. Ann., 1867: 154); March 26th
1880, two larvae “from the top of an old fence” (Anderson, Young Nat.,
7: 116). Lee, one, June 27th 1904 (Green, Trans. W. Kent nat. Hist.
Soc., 1905-06: 15).

3. Faversham (Morris, Br. Moths, 1: 121).

4. Deal, two, July 28th 1891 (Fenn, Ent. Rec., 2: 204).

6. Longfield, 1867 (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (51) ii). Greenhithe*,
in moth trap (Farn MS.).

6a. Four Elms Hill; Mark Oak Wood (Chaney, 1884-87).

7. Darland Hill (Chaney, 1884-87). Boxley, one, E. Bartlett, in
Maidstone Mus. (C.-H.). Westwell, July 19th 1934 (A. J. L. Bowes).

8. Coombe Wood, Dover, one, June 8th 1899 (Stockwell, Diary);
four in H. D. Stockwell coll., labelled Dover, 1898, may be from here
(C.-H.). Elham Park Wood, at acetylene light, July 3rd (2), 5th (5) 1926;
Haddling Wood, at acetylene light, one, July 9th 1934 (W. E. Busbridge,
Diary). Covert Wood, one or two larvae beaten out, 1927 (H. C.
Huggins); June 22nd 1935 (J. H. B. Lowe). Stowting; Brook (C. A. W.
Duffield). Reinden Wood, 1929 (Morley, 1931). Chilham, one, July 9th
1938 (C.-H.). Whitfield, occasionally at light (E. & Y., 1949). Bettes-
hanger, one, July 6th 1957 (R. F. Bretherton).

10. Wildernesse Park (Carrington, Entomologist, 13: 80). Sevenoaks,
one at rest on fence, August 2nd 1941 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary).

II. Yalding, often at light (Reid, S.E. Nat., 1904:53). Bethersden,
one bred July 16th 1928, G. V. Bull (C.-H. coll.); 1928 (6), 1930 (3),
1937 (1), all bred, in G. V. Bull coll. (C.-H.); larvae on lichen, February
23rd 1953, two reared (P. Cue); a half-grown larva beaten from lichen-
covered sloe, April 17th 1953 (W. L. Rudland).

12. Ham Street, June 30th 1935 (A. J. L. Bowes); one in Long
Rope, June 22nd 1938, one, June 11th 1948 (C.-H.).

13. Pembury, common (Stainton, Man., 2:25). Tunbridge Wells, a
few, A. L. A. Townsend; Frant Road, one, E. D. Morgan; Broadwater
Down, one, 1907, E. D. Morgan (E. D. Morgan).

14. Tenterden, common (Stainton, loc. cit.). Sandhurst, one, 1932,
two, 1943, all in G. V. Bull coll. (C.-H.).

15. Dymchurch, three, 1902 (Browne, Entomologist, 35: 270).

16. Saltwood (Knaggs, 1870). Folkestone, one, July 24th 1946
(Morley, Entomologist, 80: 47).

First Record, 1858: Stainton, loc. cit.

Ectropis bistortata Goeze : biundularia Borkhausen : Engrailed.

Native. Woods, copses, bushy places, parks; on birch, oak, spindle,
sallow, broom, hornbeam, Rhamnus catharticus. Found in all divisions,
few records for 2, 4, 15. “Generally distributed” {V.C.H., 1908).

The larva has been found by D. R. M. Long on birch and oak at
Petts Wood, on spindle at Shoreham and on sallow at Crofton; and I

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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have taken it at Orlestone on broom (JProc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1967: 24) and hornbeam, and at Lydden on R. catharticus, and on each
occasion bred the moth (C.-H.).

2. Sheppey, 1872 (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 9: 162).

4. Sandwich, one on gas lamp, July 31st 1951 (W. D. Bowden).
Ham Fen, one, August 5th 1950, one, April 10th 1955 (C.-H.).

15. Dungeness, one, July 27th 1956 (R. F. Bretherton); one, late
July 1957 (E. Philp).

Variation. — Cockayne {Ent. Rec., 65:241, pit. 13 fig. 7) described
brunneipennis ab. nov. holotype 5 , Wye, 1924; and de Worms (Ento-
mologist, 89: 283) records taking in East Kent an ab. “in which the
ground colour is deep fulvous with the normal wavy cross-lines com-
pletely absent, being replaced by small black flecks”.

I have two $ $ taken by Dr. G. A. N. Davis at Aylesford, July 16th
1956 and July 11th 1957, of a unicolorous greyish-black with whitish
submarginal line that may be referable to ab. defessaria Frr.

Stephens (Haust., 3: 192) records f. strigularia Stephens from Darenth
Wood; and in RCK is ab. fasciata Petersen, Farnborough, Kent, 1893 (1),
1900 (1).

First Record, 1831: Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 191).

E. crepuscularia Denis & Schiffermiiller : Small Engrailed.

Native. Woods, parks, bushy places; on birch.

1. Birch Wood (see First Record). Eltham, April 21st (1843) (Bedell,
Zoologist, 1007). West Wickham, larva on birch, bred 1861 (Huckett,
Ent. week. Int., 10: 51); about a dozen moths, April 25th 1863 (Fenn,
Diary). Petts Wood, one. May 6th 1865; Bexley Park Wood, one. May
28th 1887, one. May 21st 1889, two, June 2nd 1894 (Fenn, Diary). Hayes
dist.. May 28th 1899 (Carr, Entomologist, 33:47). Forest Hill (Cansdale,
Ent. Rec., 2: 69). Greenwich Park (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 172). Shooters
Hill (Tutt in Buckle and Prout, Trans. Cy Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1900: 64). Chislehurst (S. F. P. Blyth). Orpington, 1955 (L. W. Siggs).

5. Chevening, May 19th 1912 (Gillett, Diary).

6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). Otford, June 21st 1902 (Adkin, Proc.
S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1902: 50). Eynsford (B. K. West).

6a. Darenth Wood, five. May 29th 1882 (Marriott, Young Nat., 3:
260); a few. May 25th 1952 (J. F. Burton).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). Hollingbourne, $ at rest on
yew, June 5th 1904 (R. A. Jackson, Diary). Sharsted; Faversham (H. C.
Huggins). Bearsted, two taken, June 19th 1947 in G. Law coll. (C.-H.).

8. Dover, one. May 23rd 1893, one. May 15th 1932, in H. D.
Stockwell coll. (C.-H.). Lyminge Forest (P. Cue). Dover district, “com-
mon in woods” (E. & Y., 1949).

9. Margate, in garden (H. C. Huggins).

10. Seal Chart (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1905-06:
41); one. May 24th 1956 (G. A. N. Davis).

11. Wateringbury, one, June 1906, one, May 1907, in E. Goodwin
coll. (C.-H.). Mereworth (H. C. Huggins). Benenden, one. May 27th
1939, G. V. Bull (C.-H. coll.).

12. Ham Street, 1934 (see under Variation); $ , taken September 17th
1953, in E. J. Hare coll., may have been one of a partial second genera-
tion (C.-H.).

13. Kilndown, one. May 2nd 1936, G. V. Bull (C.-H. coll.). Tun-
bridge Wells (E. D. Morgan).

14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull).

16. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880).

Variation. — A $ in my coll, taken by Dr. E. Scott at Ham
Street, May 15th 1934, is referable to ab. delamerensis Buchanan White
(C.-H.).

In RCK are the following named aberrations: pallidaria Krul., one,
Swanscombe, May 27th 1905, H. C. Huggins; Gravesend, one. May 31st
1905, H. C. Huggins; fasciata Wolff, Cuxton, four bred; CJreenhithe,
one, 189-; Kent, May 12th 1913, one [Brasted, R. M. Prideaux] . Also,
ab. “markings light transverse lines reduced to dots”. West Wickham,
bred May 1887 (4), Westerham, one, bred May 16th 1904; ab. “median
area clearly defined”, Chislehurst, one, 1905.

First Record, 1831: Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust.. 3: 191).

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E. consonaria Hiibner : Square-spot.

Native. Woods (particularly those on the chalk or greensand); on
oak, birch, yew.

I. Birch Wood, one. May 6th 1821 (Curtis, Br. Ent., 280); several
(Stephens, Haust., 3: 191). West Wickham; Abbey Wood; Shooters Hill
(West, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Petts Wood, one. May 17th 1931 (S. F. P,
Blyth); frequent 1951 and 1952, larvae on oak and birch (A. M. and

F. A. Swain).

6. Greenhithe, one, 1859 (Fenn, Diary). Eynsford, one. May 17th
1940; Kingsdown, a larva on vew from which an ab. nigra Bankes was
reared c. 1954 (B. K. West).

6a. “Kent” [? Chattenden] *, May 1859, “took thirty-eight”
(Allchin, Ent. week. Int., 8: 3). Mark Oak Wood (Chaney, 1884-87).
Darenth, one or two annually, 1902-10, when looked for (H. C. Huggins).

7. Faversham (Morris, Brit. Moths, 1: 128). Wigmore (Chaney,
1884-87). Sharsted (H. C. Huggins). West well, locally common; Long
Beech Wood (Scott, 1936).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Elham (W. E. Busbridge); near
Barham, one at light. May 4th 1935 (E. & Y., 1949), may refer. West
Wood, one, June 9^th 1949 (Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1949-50: 39); fairly common, 1949 (Morley, Trans. Folkestone nat. Hist.
Soc., 1949-50: 18); one. May 7th 1950 (R. Cheesman); plentiful, c. 1953
(P. Cue); May 31st 1958 (de Worms, Entomologist, 92:69).

10. Seal Chart, one, June 18th 1887 (Fenn, Diary). Sevenoaks
(V.C.H., 1908). Brasted Chart, May 5th 1913 (Gillett, Diary)', not rare
(R. M. Prideaux).

II. Yalding {V.C.H., 1908). Mereworth Wood; Wateringbury (E.
Goodwin and others). Vallance Wood* [? Kings Wood, Sutton Vallance] ,
May 18th 1913 (Gillett, Diary).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2: 28). Tunbridge Wells, one, 1957,
L. R. Tesch (C.-H.).

16. Near Hythe* (Morley, 1931).

Variation. — Doncaster {Ent. Rec., 18:223), in 1906, observed that
the melanic ab. nigra Bankes was first discovered by Edward Goodwin
near Maidstone [Mereworth] about 1892, that it had occurred there
annually till then, and that it was less numerous than the type. He,
moreover, stated that normal females in the affected district yielded
about 10% melanics; ova from black females yielded 30%-75%, averaging
about 50%; black ? x black $ gave 38 black and four typical. W. A.
Cope told me that he and Goodwin used to get nigra regularly in
Mereworth Wood, and since I took one (a female) there on May 15th
1949, the form evidently persists at this its original locality. From this
1949 specimen I reared some 20 moths of which approximately 80%
conformed to nigra (C.-H.). Elsewhere in Kent nigra has been noted at
Kingsdown (div. 6) by B. K. West {vide supra). In J. J. Walker coll,
at Hope Dept., Oxford, are 15 nigra bred from larvae of Rainham (div.
7) stock obtained from L. W. Newman (Woodforde, Entomologist, 55:
13).

In RCK, are 139 examples of ab. nigra Bankes from Kent including
the lectotype “Kent bred 1905 E. Goodwin”. Also, an ab. of “strong
rufous tint”, Sevenoaks, five bred 1887.

First Record, 1829: Curtis, loc. cit.

E. extersaria Hiibner : Brindled White-spot.

Native. Woods; on oak.

1. West Wickham, one, 1859 (Allchin, Ent. week. Int., 8: 3); June
6th 1861 (Fenn, Lep. Data)', at sugar, 1866 (Miller, in Ent. Ann., 1867:
154); abundant (Wells, Entomologist, 25: 193); 1893 (Robinson, Ento-
mologist, 26: 224); 1902 (1), 1920 (2), 1926 (1) (A. M. Swain); at light,
July 6th 1956 (1), June 11th 1963 (1) (C.-H.). Eltham (Jones, in Buckle
and Prout, Trans. Cy Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 64). Abbey Wood
(W. West, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Holwood, 1906 (W. Barnes, in Wool.
Surv., 1909). Bexley, 1900 (Carr, Entomologist, 34: 108). Joydens Wood,
larvae fairly plentiful, September 1st 1919, few larvae, August 27th 1920;
Bexley Park Wood, two larvae, September 13th 1922 (A. R. Kidner,
Diary). Dartford*, 1897 (James, Entomologist, 31: 57). Petts Wood,

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occasionally; one on oak trunk, May 24th 1943 (S. F. P. Blyth); 1950
(A. M. Swain). Bromley Common, one c. 1938 (F. A. Swain). Dartford
dist., 1952 (B. K. West).

3. Bysing Wood (H. C. Huggins). Barton Wood, one, 1937; Den
Grove, one, 1936, nine, June 16th 1939 (C.-H.). Thomden Wood, com-
mon on pine trunks, 1938 (A. J. L. Bowes). Oldridge Wood (J. A.
Parry). Eddington, one at light, July 3rd 1948 (D. G. Marsh, Diary).

6a. Darenth Wood (see First Record); two $ $, June 8th 1859 (H.
Tompkins, Diary); June 12th, 23rd 1860 (Fenn, Lep. Data); larvae
found feeding on oak (Meek, Entomologist, 4: 127); (E. J. Hare). Chat-
tenden (Chaney, 1884-87); (H. C. Huggins). Mark Oak Wood; (3obham
(Chaney, 1884-87).

7. (Chatham*, exhibited by W. C. Chaney at meeting of S. London
Entomological and Nat. Hist. Soc. on June 19th 1872 {Entomologist,
6: 144). Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). Longton Wood (H. C.
Huggins). Kings Wood, three, June 14th 1934 (T. G. Edwards).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Elham Park Wood, one at acetylene
light, July 3rd 1926, one, June 21st, two, June 22nd 1933 at dusk (W. E.
Busbridge, Diary). Near Barham; Woolwich Wood (E. & Y., 1949).
Bridge, c. 1946 (R. Gorer). Betteshanger, July 6th 1957 (R. F.
Bretherton).

10. Brasted, occasionally on trunks (R. M. Prideaux). Sevenoaks,
one at light, June 28th 1947 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary). Westerham, one,
July 6th 1956 (C.-H.).

11. Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908). Hoads Wood, at sugar, 1951
(P. Cue). Aylesford, 1952 (2), 1953 (1) (G. A. N. Davis). Sevenoaks
Weald, one, June 20th 1960 (E. A. Sadler).

12. Ham Street, not uncommon at light, June 17th 1934 (A. J. L.
Bowes); at sugar. May 22nd 1957 (R. A. Jackson, Diary); larva on oak
<D. R. M. Long); Orlestone Woods, June 2nd-4th 1950, June lst-2nd
1956 (R. F. Bretherton); 1939, and regularly since, several fresh
examples at m.v. light in Long Rope, June 21st 1975 (C.-H.).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2:29); c. 1950 (Miss V. M. Sage).
Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan). Goudhurst, one at m.v.l., June 6th
1963 (W. V. D. Bolt).

14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull).

16. Hythe (Morley, 1931).

Variation. — In my experience the moth is fairly constant, but I
have in my coll, an extreme melanic ab. variegata Raebel 5 , taken off
a street lamp in June 1912 at Bickley by W. A. Cope, and which he
kindly gave me (C.-H.).

In RCK, is ab. intermedia Raebel, West Wickham, two bred May
24th 1893 from larvae from B. A. Bower; two bred 1897 and 1898,
from larvae from B. A. Bower.

First Record, 1831: Darenth Wood, two many years since

(Stephens, Haust., 3: 192).

Aethalura punctulata Denis & Schiffermiiller : Grey Birch.

Native. Woods, alder carr; on birch [and alder] . Recorded from all
divisions except 2, 4, 9, 15. “Generally common” {V.C.H., 1908).

A. M. Swain has taken the larva on birch at Petts Wood; and A. R.
Kidner {Diary) took larvae at St. Pauls Cray, August 4th 1909 (several),
August 2nd 1912 (a few). The species is mainly found among birch in
Kent, but in 1960, M. Enfield observed it commonly in an alder carr
at West Ashford.

The moth is perhaps most often found at rest on tree trunks and is
normally on the wing from the beginning of May until early June. On
April 8th 1926, near Faversham, Huggins {Entomologist, 59: 126) found
three moths, one of which was “very faded and worn, and had probably
emerged at least a week before”. D. R. M. Long has noted the moth at
Bromley as late as July 2nd in 1962; but in 1924, Carr {Ent. Rec., 36:
143) records finding a specimen on a tree trunk at Westerham on
September 24th, and presumably representing one of a partial second
generation.

First Record, 1829: Birch Wood (Curtis, Br. Ent., 280).

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Ematurga atomaria L. : Common Heath-moth.

Native. Chalk downs and rough chalky places, sandpits, heaths and
heathy woodland; on Calluna vulgaris. Recorded from all divisions
except 2, 4, 15. The species is decidedly local, but is often abundant
where it occurs, especially on heaths as e.g. on Hayes Common (div. 1)
and Seal Chart (div. 10), and on chalk downs in div. 8 and elsewhere.
The V.C.H. (1908) gives it as “Generally abundant”.

A. R. Kidner {Diary) notes finding a larva on St. Pauls Cray Com-
mon on August 2nd 1913; and Huckett {Ent. week. Int., 10: 51) records
larvae feeding on heath (C. vulgaris) at West Wickham. Although the
moth is one of the most plentiful of chalk insects, its foodplant (or
foodplants) in such situations in the county is unknown or has never
been recorded to my knowledge. On May 22nd 1947, J. F. Burton
encountered the moth plentifully in the sandpit at Charlton (div. 1),
and he writes {in litt.) that “heather and heaths no longer grow in
this locality, although they probably did so many years ago”. He adds
that “nowadays the larvae must feed [there] either on broom or some
other leguminous plants”.

Variation. — There are two very distinct races in Kent. (1) The
large pale “grass” form found on the chalk and which is referable to
atomaria atomaria L. (2) The small dark “heath” form occurring on
heathlands and which conforms to atomaria minuta Heydemann.

I possess two S $ from Kent of the extreme ab. unicoloraria
Staudinger; one of which I took at Westwell (div. 7), on June 5th 1938;
the other taken by Dr. G. A. N. Davis on Seal Chart (div. 10), June
11th 1956 (C.-H.).

The following named aberrations from Kent are in RCK: — fasciata
Heqvist, Westwell, one, 1908, Dover, one, Chatwin, 1882, Folkestone,
one, S. G. Hills, 1911; ustaria Fuchs, Folkestone, 10 ^ ^ bred 1924;
kindervateri Schawerda, Wye, one, 1906, Folkestone, several; tenuilineata
Lempke, Dover, three; unimarginata Cornelsen, Dover, one, Bailey,
1883, Kent, one [R. M. Prideaux], 1906; mediofasciata Nordstrom,
Folkestone, three, 1925, Sevenoaks, one, 1905; virilis Stauder (this form
is that of a $ with S colouration), Folkestone, several, Wye, several;
trans ad virilis Stauder, Folkestone, N. Kent, Dover; caloraria Stauder,
Folkestone, one, Dover, one. Also, ab. with “antemedian heavily
developed”, Chislehurst, one, 1902, one, 1911; ab. with “darkened base”,
Walmer, one, 1891; ab. with “subterminal strong”, E. Kent, one, Folke-
stone, one; ab. with “lines moved inwards”, E. Kent, one, Folkestone,
one; ab. with “lines replaced by yellow”, Folkestone, one.

In RCK is a somatic mosaic $ from Wye; also, an extraordinary
^ atomaria with six wings taken by C. P. Pickett at Folkestone in 1906
(cf. Pickett, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1906-07: 88, Entomologist,
39:261, Ent. Rec., 18: 190).

A gynandromorph (left side S ) taken in E. Kent, was exhibited by
Embry {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1937-38: 22).

First Record, 1775: “Chalk pits by Charlton” (Harris, Aurelian’s
Pocket Companion, 31).

Bupalus piniaria L. : Bordered White.

Resident. Woods, copses, plantations; on Pinus sylvestris. Recorded
from all divisions except 2, 4, 5, 9. “Generally common amongst fir
trees” {V.C.H. , 1908).

This species sometimes occurs in exceeding abundance, but is also
liable to extreme changes in numerical strength. W. A. Cope observed
that at Keston (div. 1) in 1950, he made numerous attempts to beat for the
larva but not a single one came to hand, though only a few years before
he had beaten there from the same pines well over 100 in an afternoon.
Fenn {Diary) records that at Seal Chart on June 30th 1888, he witnessed
the moth flying there in hundreds.

Variation. — Normal Kent $ $ have pale yellow ground and are
referable to flavescens Buchanan White. Typical S piniaria has white
ground and this form is apparently only of occasional occurrence in
Kent. J. F. Burton took a male in Barnett Wood, Hayes, June 16th
1949, in which the ground was white.

Chittenden {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist Soc., 1899: 107) exhibited

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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“both white and yellow forms of the female” from Ashford; and Adkin
{Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1904-05: 59) a remarkable male taken
at West Wickham Wood in 1888, in which “the usual dark markings
were represented by two small ill-defined dark spots on the costa of each
forewing and dark spots on the fringes, the whole of the remainder of
the wings being of a pale brownish yellow, with the veins darker brown”.

The following named aberrations are in RCK: immacula Dzurz,,
Darenth, one, bred 1906; trans ad immacula Dzurz., North Kent, one;
costimaculata Lempke, North Kent, one, 1901; rautheri Krausse, North
Kent, one, 1918. Also, ab. with “basal streak joined to apical blotch by
transverse stripe”, Blean, one, Westerham, one.

Chittenden {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 87) exhibited
a gynandromorph (left side male) from West Wickham, which is probably
the specimen in RCK taken at West Wickham, June 13th 1900.

First Record, 1831: “Rare till within these few years within the
metropolitan district” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 147). A more positive Kent
record dates from 1858: Perkins, Ent. week. Int., 4: 111.

Cabera pusaria L. : Common White Wave.

Native. Woods, carr, bushy places; on sallow, alder, oak. Found in
all divisions; few records for 9, 15. “Generally common” {V.C.H.,
1908).

The moth is normally out by the third week in May and reaches
its optimum about the third week in June. However, in 1937, A. J. L.
Bowes took one at Ham Street as early as May 3rd; and in 1962,
D. R. M. Long one at Bromley on October 6th, an extremely late date.
Undersized specimens frequently occur on the wing as late as the third
week of August, and these may represent a partial second generation.

The larva has perhaps most often been found on sallow. D. R. M.
Long has taken it on this at Bromley; and A. R. Kidner {Diary) found
larvae at Bexley on alder, September 19th 1911 and at Chattenden on
sallow, September 17th 1911. A. M. Swain took the larva at Petts Wood
on oak.

9. Cliffs End, one, July 9th, 1945 (A. H. Lanfear, Diary).

15. Dungeness, two, June 11th 1938 (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — The following aberrations are in RCK: rotundaria

Haw., Westerham, bred 1925; bilineata Galvagni, Brasted Chart, two,
bred 1913; heyeraria H.-S., S)/denham, T. Chitty, 1872 (this is presumably
the specimen recorded as from Sydenham Hill, August 18th 1870, by
J. P. Barrett in Entomologist, 5: 215).

B. K. West took an example of ab. lativittata Cockayne in Swans-
combe Park, which specimen I have seen (C.-H.); and Priest {Entomo-
logist, 6: 264) records a “black var.” from Darenth Wood, June 1872.
Ab. rotundaria Haw. has been recorded on numerous occasions, but is
probably only a product of starvation.

First Record, 1831: Stephens, Haust., 3: 197.

C. exanthemata Scopoli : Common Wave.

Native. Damp woods, carr, bushy places; on sallow. Found in all
divisions except 9. “Generally common” {V.C.H., 1908).

Huckett {Ent. week. Int., 10: 117) records breeding the moth from
larvae found on sallow at Darenth. Kidner {Diary) found larvae at
Joydens Wood, September 25th 1911 (fairly plentifully); St. Pauls Cray
Common, September 1910 (fairly plentifully), July 28th 1925 (one, full-
fed); Darenth, July 12th 1903 (a few), September 25th 1910 (fairly
plentifully).

The moth appears normally to be single brooded from May to July
with perhaps an occasional partial second generation. C. Fenn {Diary)
writes that at Lee in 1861, C. Cortissos took the moth as early as April
25th, and that he himself saw it at Deal in 1888 as late as August 30th,
and in 1892 commonly at Ham Fen on August 17th.

Variation. — In RCK are the following named aberrations:
approximaria Haw., Brasted Chart, bred 1915; bistriaria Meves, Brasted
Chart, bred 1913; crassesignata Lempke, Greenhithe, A. B. Farn, two,
1900.

Goodson {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist., 1961: 40) records ab.

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entomologist’s record, VOL. 89

15/1/77

crassesignata Lempke from Ham Street, June 15th 1961.
First Record, 1844: G. Bedell, Zoologist, 735.

Lomographa bimaculata F. : White Pinion-spotted.

Native. Woods, copses, hedgerows; foodplant unrecorded.

1. Lanes between Darenth Wood and Birch Wood (see First Record).
Lee, one. May 16th 1862; Old Park Wood, May 17th (12), 24th (10)
1862 (Fenn, Diary). Plumstead (Turner, Proc. S. Land. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1895: 45). Bexley, formerly very common among wild cherry
(A. H. Jones, in Wool. Surv., 1909). West Wickham (Wells, Ent. Rec.^
3: 35); Well Wood, one, May 30th 1957 (C.-H ). Chislehurst, always very
scarce; one, June 21st 1902, one, June 4th 1905 (S. F. P. Blyth). Petts
Wood, frequent, 1948 (A. M. Swain). Bexley (L. T. Ford). Orpington,
a few (R. G. Chatelain). Blackheath, one, worn, June 21st 1960 (A. A.
Allen). Bromley, 1960 (2), 1964 (2) (D. R. M. Long). Joydens Wood, $ ,
May 17th 1968 (D. O’Keeffe).

2. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.).

3. Bysing Wood (H. C. Huggins). Clangate Wood, Sturry, May 28th
(1), 31st (1) 1932 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary). Broad Oak, 1938, 1939,
1953 (C.-H.). Church Woods, Blean, one, May 28th 1956 (A. A. Allen).

5. Between Chelsfield and Cudham, 1898 (Carr, Entomologist, 32:
40). Farnborough*, numerous (W. Barnes in Wool. Surv., 1909). Wester-
ham (R. C. Edwards). High Elms, one, May 20th 1963 (D. R. M. Long).
Biggin Hill, one. May 12th 1965 (C.-H.).

6. Cuxton (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 4:229). Shoreham, June lOth-llth
1899, “much more plentiful than L. temerata’" (Carr, Entomologist,
33: 47). Otford (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist Soc., 1902: 50).
Clay Lane Wood (H. C. Huggins); 1914 (F. T. Grant). Eynsford, larva,
August 19th 1933 (Blair, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1933-34: 33);
not common (B. K. West). Trottiscliffe, several, June 10th 1968 (D.
O’Keefe).

6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 295); 1859 (Harding, Ent.
week. Int., 6: 76); rather common, 1861 (Jones, Ent. week. Int., 10: 187).
Cobham Great Wood, May 23rd 1868; Chattenden Roughs, June 2nd
1869 (J. J. Walker MS.). Chattenden Roughs, 1912, 1913, 1919, 1925
(F. T. Grant).

7. Hills between Maidstone and Sittingbourne (Green, Young Nat.,
1 (34) 267). Westwell (Scott, 1936).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Dover district (Stockwell, Entomo-
logist, 34:26). Crundale (G. V. Bull). Stowting; Brook (C. A. W.
Duffield). Woolwich Wood, one. May 29th (1), June 6th (1) 1927 (W. E.
Busbridge, Diary). Wye, May 24th 1933; Covert Wood, June 10th 1935;
Ewell Minnis, June 14th 1935 (J. H. B. Lowe). Dover, one, April 26th
1943, two, May 12th 1945 and since (B. O. C. Gardiner). Coombe Wood
(E. & Y., 1949). Betteshanger Park, June 11th 1951 (W. D. Bowden).
Brook, one, 1960 (D. Youngs).

11. Yalding {V.C.H., 1908). Mereworth (Morgan, Lepidoptera of
Tunbridge Wells District MS.). Aylesford (G. A. N. Davis). Sevenoaks
Weald, May 12th (1), 16th (1) 1959, May 17th (1), June 4th (1) 1960
(E. A. Sadler). Hoads Wood (P. Cue).

12. Ashford Town, in garden (P. Cue MS.). Willesborough, one,
June 24th 1955; Wye, one, June 15th 1955 (W. L. Rudland). Ham Street
(Scott, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1959: 77). West Ashford, in
an alder wood, c. 1960 (M. Enfield).

13. Tunbridge Wells, scarce (Knipe, 1916). Bayhall (Morgan, Lepi-
doptera of Tunbridge Wells District MS.).

16. Hythe, 1930 (Morley, 1931).

Variation. — At the Annual Exhibition of the South London Ent.
Soc. on November 4th 1875, W. H. Tugwell exhibited a “suffused var.”
from Strood (Champion, Ent. mon. Mag., 12: 166). Cockayne {Ento-
mologist, 83:54) described ab. suffusa, holotype $, N. Kent, 1886,
Tugwell coll., and figured by Barrett, Br. Lep., pit. 74, fig. 3b).

In RCK is ab. costijuncta Cockayne, paratype, Chattenden, 1901;
and I have an example of this ab. that I took at Downe on May 21st
1956 (C.-H.).

First Record, 1831: Stephens, Haust., 3: 294.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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L. temerata Denis & Schiffermuller : Clouded Silver.

Native. Woods, bushy places; on hawthorn, wych elm, wild plum,
wild cherry, apple, aspen. Found in all divisions, except 2, 15; few
records for 4, 9, 16. Fairly frequent though apparently never very
plentiful. D. R. M. Long recorded a total of 70 temerata at light at
Bromley in 1964, but his maximum total for any one night was in 1961
with nine on May 24th, In 1965, the same observer first recorded the
moth at Bromley on May 14th, and in the same year at that locality
as late as August 8th, but whether the latter was one of a partial second
generation is questionable.

Machin {Zoologist, 6030) records breeding the moth from a larva
that he found in September 1856 in Joydens Wood on wild cherry; and
P. Cue has found the larva at Ashford on apple. R. G. Chatelain took
several larvae at Petts Wood on aspen; and D, R. M. Long has taken
it on hawthorn at Lullingstone, High Elms and Shoreham, on wild plum
at Westerham Hill, and on wych elm at High Elms.

4. Ickham, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh).

9. Near Monkton, one, June 27th 1912 (J. W. C. Hunt).

16. Folkestone Town, June 22nd 1953 (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — In RCK are the following named aberrations: pauper
Hoffm., Dover, 1884; trans ad pauper Hoffm., Westerham; sericeata
Horhammer, Woolwich Wood, Dover, 1888.

First Record, 1841: Harrietsham (Stephens, Entomologist, 1:200).

Aleucis distinctata Herrich-Schaffer : pictaria sensu Curtis : Sloe Carpet.

Native. Rough commons, bushy places, thickets; on sloe.

Nowadays no colony of this species is known to survive in Kent, and
the moth seems to have become extinct in all its old localities. Yet, the
odd captures within the past 20 years suggest that this very local insect
may still persist in the county. In 1952, L. T, Ford and I searched for
it assiduously on Dartford Heath but failed to find it, and in that year
I also looked for it unsuccessfully at Chattenden. Perhaps the secret of
its extreme localism may be found in E. G. Baldwin’s remark of 1858
concerning the larvae (in Ent. week. Int., 4: 102) that “they seem very
particular, as they will eat no other blackthorn than what comes from
Dartford Heath, unless starved of it”; and of Stainton’s note {loc. cit.)
that the “remarkably stunted growth of the sloe bushes there, adds I
suppose, to the flavour of the leaves”.

1. Between Eltham and Birch Wood, two taken in the spring of
two successive years (Stephens, Haust., 3: 184). Dartford Heath, one,
April 17th 1820, two. May 1st 1826, taken by Jos. Standish; another
taken mid April by Thomas Marshall (Curtis, Br. Ent. (1833), 447); one
taken by B. Standish (1845) (Douglas, Zoologist, 1042); three, 1846
(Stevens, Zoologist, 1347); near Dartford, one, 1852 (Harding, Zoologist,
3532); taken annually 1855-59 {Ent. Ann., 1856:48; Zoologist, 5209,
6104; Ent. week. Int., 1: 43, 46, 2: 36, 4: 36, 44, 59, 102, 6: 27); in 1858,
Newman {Zoologist, 6104) records that he alone knew of 128 specimens
taken on Dartford Heath that year; and the same observer {Entomologist,
5: 382) states that the larva when a fortnight old “may be beaten . . .
from the dwarf blackthorn ... at Dartford Heath . . . ”; two moths
taken by A. H. Jones, April 1874 (Fenn, Diary)-, one taken by L. T.
Ford on a sloe bush c. 1913, apparently the last to be seen on Dartford
Heath (C.-H.).

2, Belvedere, two taken by W. Marshall “sometime ago” at Belve-
dere, on the road from the Leather Bottle to the marshes (Fenn, Diary,
28.vii.1883).

6. Gravesend*, one in H. D. Stockwell coll, labelled “Gravesend”
[c. 1880] (C.-H.).

6a. Chattenden, not uncommon, c. 1908 (H. C. Huggins).

9. Haine, Margate, two taken by FI. G. Gomm, April 7th 1920, in
H. G. Gomm coll.f (C.-H.).

11. Maidstone Town, one on a gas lamp, c. 1896 (F. T. Grant).
Ulcombe, one taken in a light trap by R. Knight, in his garden, 1975
(I. A. Watkinson).

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LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

12. Charing*, one by Thomas Marshall (Curtis, loc. cit.). Near
Ashford*, one, April 23rd 1900 (Chittenden, Entomologist, 33; 307).

13. Tunbridge Wells district* (R. H. Rattray in Knipe, 1916); scarce
(M. M. Phipps in Knipe, 1916). Goudhurst, one, April 6th 1960 (W. V. D.
Bolt).

First Record, 1831; Stephens, Haust., 3; 184.

Theria rupicapraria Denis & Schiffermiiller ; Early Moth.

Native. Hedgerows, thickets, scrub; on hawthorn, sloe. Found in
all divisions; once only in 15.

The moth normally appears in February and March, but in 1949
it was reported as having been seen in Kent on January 5th {Proc. S.
Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1949-50; 2); and in 1957, W. L. Rudland
noted it at light at Wye on January 9th. Chaney (1884-87) gave its time
of appearance in the Rochester neighbourhood as from December to
April; and Wells {Ent. Rec., 2; 87) records one from West Wickham
Wood on April 14th (in 1891).

Many observers have recorded finding the larva on both sloe and
hawthorn. For example, plentifully at Dartford on hawthorn, June 10th
1924 (A. R. Kidner, Diary)-, and D. R. M. Long found it on sloe at
Shoreham and Eynsford.

15. Dungeness, one, February 24th 1971 (R. E. Scott).

First Record, 1859; Tenterden, abundant (Stainton, Man., 1: 70).
Campaea margaritata L. ; Light Emerald.

Native. Woods, bushy places, orchards; on hawthorn, hazel,
Ligustrum vulgare, beech, birch, ash, apple. Recorded from all divisions;
few records for 2, 4, 15. “Generally common” {V.C.H., 1908).

There appears to be a partial second generation some years, e.g.
Strood, August 31st 1889 (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 1; 19); Sevenscore, September
3rd (1), 10th (1) 1926 (J. W. C. Hunt); Folkestone, September 2nd 1953
(Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1953-54; 38); Ham Street,
September 8th 1950 (R. W. Parfitt); Broad Oak, September 21st 1951
(Chalmers- Hunt, Ent. Rec., 64; 54); Margate, September 28th 1921
(H. G. Gomm); Folkestone Warren, September 25th 1956 (W. L. Rud-
land); Bexley Woods, a living male exhibited at Ent. Soc. Lond. by
L. W. Newman which was taken at rest (Wheeler, Entomologist, 46; 21).

The larva has been found by E. A. Sadler at Sevenoaks Weald on
wild privet and hazel; by M. Singleton at Willesborough on hawthorn;
and by D. R. M. Long at High Elms on birch and ash, and at Lulling-
stone on beech and hawthorn. Massee {Rpt. E. Mailing Res. Stn., 1939;
71) records finding larvae on apple in an orchard at Rainham in March
1939.

2. Royal Oak, Sheppey, June 3rd 1868 (J. J. Walker MS.).

4. Ickham, occasionally, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh).

15. Dungeness, June 30th- July 3rd 1954 (R. F. Bretherton).

First Record, 1858; Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2; 10).

Hylaea fasciaria L. ; prosapiaria L. ; Barred Red.

Resident, perhaps native. Woods; on Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies,
Pseudotsuga taxifolia. “In most of the fir woods in the county” (V.C.H.,
1908).

1. Birch Wood, occasionally taken (Stephens, Haust., 3; 177). Plum-
stead (Courtney, Entomologist, 1; 227). Dartford Heath (Bedell, Zoolo-
gist, 1007). West Wickham, larva, April 6th 1861 (Fenn, Ent. week, tnt.,
10; 195); larva on Scotch fir, imago bred 1864 (Meek, Ent. mon. Mag.,
1; 190); one, June 10th 1912, in J. P. Barrett coll. (C.-H.). Bostall Wood
(C. Fenn in Wool. Surv., 1909). Keston, Farnborough (W. Barnes in
Wool. Surv., 1909). Keston, two larvae. May 19th 1921 (A. R. Kidner,
Diary)-, a larva beaten from pine, April 1949 (W. A. Cope). Bromley,
1959 (3), 1960 (8), 1961 (8), 1962 (17), 1963 (9), 1964 (25), 1965 (8),
1966 (16), earliest date June 6th 1960, latest date August 23rd 1965,
maximum daily total (4) on August 2nd 1962 (D. R. M. Long). Bexley,
5 , July 26th 1967 (D. O’Keefe). Lee, one, June 23rd 1959 (C. G. Bruce).

3. Thornden Wood, one, July 12th 1922 (H. G. Gomm, Diary).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (173)

West Blean Wood, a larva beaten from pine, April 18th 1939; female
on pine trunk, July 6th 1946 (C-H.).

5. Downe (W. Barnes in JVool. Surv., 1909).

6. Greenhithe, in light trap (A, B. Farn MS.), Cuxton, pre. 1890
(see under Variation). Otford, 1955 (W. B. L, Manley in de Worms,
Lond. Nat., 1957: 153).

7. Darland Hill, one (Chaney, 1884-87). Sharsted (H. C. Huggins).
Westwell (Scott, 1936).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Betteshanger (A. M. Morley teste
E. & Y,, 1949). Chillenden, one, July 17th 1955 (W. D. Bowden). West
Wood, $, June 12th 1949 (Morley, Trans. Folkestone nat. Hist. Soc.,
1949-50: 18); three, June 29th 1957 (A. M. Morley).

10. Westerham (see First Record)', July 5th 1913 (Adkin, Proc. S.
Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1913-14: 117); (R. C. Edwards). Seal Chart
(Carrington, Entomologist, 13: 79); one, July 20th 1888 (Fenn, Diary)’,
larvae (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1905-06: 41). Hosey
Common, larva, September 1912, reared (Gillett, Diary). Brasted (R. M.
Prideaux). Sevenoaks, two, June 15th 1919 (Gillett, Diary)', 1939 (F. D.
Greenwood). Goodly Stock, $ , July 6th 1956 (C.-H.).

11. Harrietsham (Stephens, Entomologist, 1:200). Wateringbury,
one bred 1910, in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.). Shipborne, one, 1912, in
P. A. & D. J. A. Buxton coll. (C.-H.). Aylesford, at light, 1952 (1),
1953 (4), 1955 (G. A. N. Davis).

12. Ham Street (Scott, 1936); Orlestone Woods, one, July 15th
1962 (G. Haggett); and others since, including green abs. (see under
Variation). Ashford, in garden, July 13th 1955, June 10th 1956, July
1961 (P. Cue MS.). Willesborough, two, July 20th-21st 1956 (W. L.
Rudland). Orlestone Woods, April 11th 1977, one larva on Picea abies,
two larvae on P. taxifolia (B. Skinner and C.-H ).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2: 11). Tunbridge Wells, fairly fre-
quent (Knipe, 1916). Groombridge (Bull, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1931-32: 59). Goudhurst, one at light, 1950 (W. F. Hodge).

Variation. — Davis {Bull. Kent Fid. CL, 1:6) states that at
Aylesford in 1955, the species was “represented by both the pale and
dark brown forms”. I have one of his “dark brown forms” from there
dated July 7th 1955, and it appears referable to ab. grisearia Fuchs.
(C.-H.).

Ab. prasinaria D. & S.: The first example of this green form was
taken by T. Jones in the Eltham neighbourhood on June 15th 1861
(Jones, Entomologist, 3: 228) (locality given as Charlton in Wool. Surv.,
1909). C. Fenn {Diary, 30.xii.l890) states that J. W. Tutt took one at
Cuxton “some years ago”; a prasinaria in RCK labelled “Cuxton 1894
J. W. Tutt” may be this specimen despite the date. No more prasinaria
were noted in Kent until 1974, when on July 8th, D. W. H. Ffennell
took one at light in Long Rope, Orlestone Woods which was recorded
by Emmet (in Proc. Brit. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 7 (4), 113); and on
September 14th at the same locality, B. Skinner took a ^ at light. None
was seen in 1975 to my knowledge, but in 1976 at least 21 prasinaria
were taken at light in Orlestone Woods, of which B. Skinner got a $
in Long Rope on June 24th and 10 ^ ^ , 2 $ $ in Birchett amongst
some 20 typical examples and four ^ ^ of an “orange form”. The rest
were taken by P. J. Rogers (3^5, June 26th); B. K. West ( $ , June
29th); R. F. McCormick (1); R. G. Chatelain (2 $ $ , July); and P. J.
Renshaw (^, July 24th). In 1943, Heydemann {Iris, 56:165-166), in a
paper on the genetics of prasinaria, recorded the green form as recessive,
the red-brown dominant.

In RCK are the following named abs.: ochrearia Joannis, Wester-
ham, bred June 1897; cinereostrigaria Klem., Sevenoaks, bred 1919;
grisearia Fuchs, Cuxton, 1894, J. W. Tutt; approximata Lempke,
Westerham, bred; prasinaria D. & S., Cuxton, 1894, J. W. Tutt.

First Record, 1809: “Apud Westerham in Cantio, mares olim cepi
volantes” (Haworth, Lep. Brit., 2: 301).

Gnophos obscuratus Denis & Schiffermiiller : Annulet.

Native. Downs, rough chalky places, heaths, sandpits, peaty banks;
on Poterium sanguisorba, Lotus corniculatus.

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LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

1. Brockley (W. West in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bromley, one in a
sandpit, 1950 (W. A. Cope). Dartford Heath, fairly common annually
on heather bloom at night (B. K. West). Petts Wood, several annually,
common 1947-48 (E. Evans); one, 1950, five, 1951, in A. M. & F. A.
Swain coll. (C.-H.). Orpington, “one dark grey example in trap”,
September 10th 1963 (R. G. Chatelain).

2. Higham, one taken on rough ground by the Uralite Works,
August 9th 1959 (Trundell, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1959; 89).

6. Greenhithe (A. B. Farn MS.). Shoreham, one, July 24th 1886
(Fenn, Diary). Otford {V.C.H., 1908); July 27th 1912 (Adkin, Proc.
S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1912-13: 98). Birling, August 15th, Sep-
tember 2nd 1910, August 11th 1916 (F. T. Grant); (H. C. Huggins).
Wrotham, twenty, August 1906, in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.); several
in W. A. Cope coll. (C.-H.); (B. K. West). Pinden, one, August 20th
1945 (E. J. Hare). Stone, September 1st 1949, August 13th 1956, com-
mon on flowers of Clematis vitalba (G. Law).

7. Burham Downs, not uncommon (Chaney, 1884-87). Boxley
(Reid, S.E. Nat., 1904: 53); one August 1906 in E. Goodwin coll.
(C.-H.). Detling (G. V. Bull). Westwell, August 17th 1939 (A. J. L.
Bowes); 1946 (Bull, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1946-47: 169);
several, August 9th 1955 (C.-H.). Bearsted (E. J. Hare). Godmersham,
one, c. 1948 (A. G. Maconochie).

8. Dover (see First Record)', on stony chalk (Dale, Ent. Mag.,
1:515); not uncommon on the cliffs (E. & Y., 1949). Kingsdown to St.
Margaret’s Bay, August (1883), occasionally common but local (Shep-
herd, Entomologist, 17: 136). St. Margaret’s Bay, 1890 (Fenn, Diary).
Kingsdown, 1867 (Fenn, Diary). Near Deal (Harding, Ent. week. Int.,
1: 163). Deal, under the cliffs, 1864 (Gill, Ent. mon. Mag., 1: 243).
Dover, undercliff, one, August 19th 1895 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary).
Folkestone — 1858 (H. Tomkins, Diary), 1860 (Fereday, Ent. week.
Int., 9: 139); common, 1864 (Meek, Ent. mon. Mag., 1: 190); Warren,
common (Knaggs, 1870); larvae below Capel, April 5th 1938, on L.
corniculatus and P. sanguisorba at night, bred, moths abundant below
Lower Crete Road and Sugar Loaf Hill, August 5th 1950 (C.-H.);
Caesar Camp, a few worn, September 4th 1949 (R. F. Bretherton).
Near Canterbury* (Parry, Entomologist, 5: 395). Canterbury, one at
light in the Dover Road, c. 1946 (J. Parry). Wye Crown, one, August
19th 1924 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Brook; Wye (C. A. W. Duflield).
Brook, one, 1959 (D. Youngs).

9. Margate, common in old chalk cuttings, 1929-30 (H. C.
Huggins).

11. Holt Wood, Aylesford, one annually at m.v. light trap, 1951-53
(G. A. N. Davis).

12. Willesborough, $ in m.v. trap, August 19th 1962 (M. Single-

ton).

13. Broadwater Forest, abundant on forest-land, resting on peaty
banks at the sides of the roads (Knipe, 1916; Given, 1946); Tunbridge
Wells (E. D. Morgan).

16. Hythe, six, August 9th 1905, in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.); one,
1951 (C.-H.). Folkestone Town, one or two (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — Throughout its range on the chalk, the moth is
generally greyish finely speckled with black, the ground colour tending
to become rather more dark to the west of the country. In East Kent,
the normal form is referable to ab. woodiata Prout, and about Folke-
stone and Dover approximately one in fifteen conforms to ab. fasciata
Prout. Off the chalk the form can be very different, and two of Dr.
Davis’s three Holt Wood, Aylesford specimens which I possess are
transitional to examples of ab. obscuriorata Prout from the New Forest
(C.-H.).

In RCK are the following named aberrations: woodiata Prout,
Folkestone (numerous), Dover, Wrotham; fasciata Prout, Folkestone
and Dover (68); argillacearia Stgr. + fasciata Prout, Folkestone,
Cooper’s Sale, 8.vii.l896 (1).

First Record, 1831: “Abundant behind the Castle at Dover in
August” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 267).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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Siona lineata Scopoli : dealbata L. : Black-veined Moth.

Native. Chalk downs and pits, open woods on clay, rough grassy
fields on Kentish ragstone; [on Brachypodium pinnatum].

This strikingly marked moth has declined to the point of extinction
in most of its localities in the county. In some, such as at Hollingbourne
and Chattenden, the cause of this extinction is not clear, but at others
it has been the direct result of man’s interference. The delightful rough
flowery grasslands at Goldwell, where the insect flourished until the
early 1970’s, are filled with refuse despite efforts to conserve the
locality; and the downs at Chilham and Crundale, where this and
other good species occurred, have been ploughed. The moth still persists
very locally in div. 8 and 1 1 , but nowhere else in Britain to my know-
ledge. I have thus purposely withheld details of its survival, since under
no circumstances should this species be taken.

3. Faversham (Stainton, Man., 2: 63). Blean Woods (Chaney,
1884-87).

6a. Darenth Wood (see First Record). [Chattenden?], took twenty-
two in Kent*, May-June 1859 (Allchin, Ent. week. Int., 8: 4). Chatten-
den, about 12, June 1863 (Morris, Week. Ent., 3: 286); thirty, June 8th
1889 (Fenn, Diary)’, formerly common in one portion of Chattenden
Roughs and meadow adjoining, but now becoming very scarce (Chaney,
1884-87); near Strood [Chattenden], 1890 (Tyrer, Ent. Rec., 1:207);
about 30 taken by various collectors, June 30th 1891 (Fenn, Diary)’,
1895 (Battley, Ent. Rec., 7:22) “Strood 6.vi.98” (1) [Chattenden] (C.-H.
coll.); 1899 (James, Ent. Rec., 12: 102); “I took two at Chattenden in
1902 and one in 1903, I never heard of any there after that year”
(H. C. Huggins); Chattenden, one, June 1906, in Hope Dept. (R. F.
Bretherton).

7. Charing, “once abundantly” (T. Marshall, in Stephens, Haust.,
3:245). [Westwell?] 1861, over 100 taken by A. Russell and H. Foster,
June lOth-llth, and over 50 more to June 18th by R. Down and
Dowsett (Russell, Ent. week. Int., 10: 91). Westwell Downs, abundant
(V.C.H., 1908). Hollingbourne, one, 1919, four, 1923 (F. T. Grant);
common, last seen 1937, not looked for since (H. C. Huggins) (I have,
repeatedly, without seeing it — C.-H.) Soakham Downs (Scott, 1936);
not seen since (E. Scott personal communication, iii.1956). Bearsted,
one, June 14th 1948 in G. Law coll. (C.-FL).

8. Ashford district*, 1868, Mr. Jeffrey watched the female oviposit
on Brachypodium (Newman, Entomologist, 4: 100). Wye, 1894 (Richard-
son, Entomologist, 27: 246). “Wye Downs, June 14th 1894, where they
were in great abundance in long grass of downs and spinnies. Flying
freely in sunshine” (S. Wacher MS.); Wye chalkpit, C. A. W. Duffield
saw one in 1912, “it has been very scarce this year” (R. A. Jackson,
Diary)’, plentiful 1939, 1953 (C.-H.); a few about May 12th 1960, none
seen May 28th 1960 and presumed over (J. Cadbury teste A. L. Good-
son). Wye downs, common, June 4th 1950; Brook, common. May 27th
1960 (R. F. Bretherton). “Locally common from Brabourne to Crundale
on the Downs” (Scott, 1936). Brook, common, 1934 (A. J. L. Bowes);
common, June 27th 1960 (R. F. Bretherton). Crundale, common 1935;
Hastingsleigh, not uncommon 1937 (H. C. Huggins). Hastingsleigh, 1954,
about 12 in one day (B. K. West). Chilham Downs, very plentiful 1922,
1923, 1924 (H. G. Gomm, Diary)’, not uncommon annually 1934-37
(C.-H.). Sole Street, 1932 (J. H. B. Lowe). Brook, 1961 (de Worms,
Entomologist, 95: 101). [Deal (5); Slanting Downs (5) bred 1891, all
in Hope Dept. (R. F. Bretherton). Slanting Downs may have been a
locality for lineata as it lies between Canterbury and Wye, but the
species has never been recorded from the eastern (coastal) half of this
division and I very much doubt if it has ever occurred at Deal. The
specimens were probably from Parry of Canterbury. — C.-H.]

11. Near Wateringbury*, very local (V.C.H., 1908). Goldwell Pit,
1955, several (Scott, Bull. Kent. Eld. CL, 1: 10); seen annually since in
these disused Kentish ragstone quarries until 1975, in which year I
counted 12 there on June 9th, but by 1976 the locality had been
obliterated and there was no sign of the insect (C.-H.). Floads Wood,
^ , at m.v. light, June 10th 1966 (B. K. West).

12. Ham Street Woods, June 4th 1950, “one seen arriving at

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LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

paraffin lamp and caught” by R. Ellison (R. F. Bretherton). East Ash-
ford, June 1957, June 7th 1958, June 3rd 1959, several seen each year,
one only May 30th 1960 (M. Singleton and D. Youngs).

13. Tunbridge Wells (J. G. Children, in Stephens, Haust., 3: 245).

Variation. — The following are in RCK: ab. fasciata Hoffmann
(underside ab.), “J. Parry/Kent 1891” (1); ab. “yellow tint”. East Kent,
June 1935, H. D. Smart.

First Record, 1831: Darenth Wood, formerly (Stephens, Haust.,
3: 245).

Aspitates gilvaria Denis and Schiffermiiller : Straw Belle.

Native. Chalk downs and rough grassy places on the chalk, casually
elsewhere; on Pastinaca sativa. The occurrence of this species in div.
10 suggests a temporary settlement. Curtis {Br. Ent., 467) called it
“The Dover Belle’.

1. Lee, singly (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley district*,
rare (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909).

6. Paddlesworth (Chaney, 1884-87). Cuxton (Chaney, loc. cit.);
1893, July 6th (abundant), 22nd (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 4:275). Greenhithe, one
in moth trap, 1899 (A. B. Farn MS.). Birling, singly, 1901, 1910
(Anquetil teste E. D. Morgan); September 2nd 1910, August 16th 1913
(22 a 6 $ $), August 14th 1914 (17) (F. T. Grant); 1950 (H. C.
Huggins). Hailing, common (S. F. P. Blyth). Wrotham Down, 1915-16,
in P. J. and D. J. A. Buxton coll. (C.-H.); 1923 (F. T. Grant). Shore-
ham, a few, July 21st 1912 (Fenn, Diary). Eynsford, numerous, August
3rd 1953, July 30th 1955, August 5th 1957 (R. G. Chatelain). Trottis-
cliffe, plentiful, August 12th 1961 (C.-H.); common, 1966-68 (D.
O’Keeffe).

7. Rochester (Stephens, Haust., 3: 208). Nashenden Bottom; Bur-
ham (Chaney, loc. cit.). Common on the Boxley Hills above the
Pilgrims’ Road (Reid, S.E. Nat., 1904: 53). Boxley, 1904, numerous in
E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.). Detling (G .V. Bull). Burham, common,
August 18th 1957 (E. Philp); one, July 31st 1960 (Skinner, Proc. S.
Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1960: 89).

8. In the utmost profusion in some grassy fields east of Dover

Castle (Stephens, loc. cit.). Dover (Grant, Zoologist, 2583); 1860 (Fere-
day, Ent. week. Int., 9: 139); 1861 (Stonestreet, Ent. week. Int., 10: 187).
Temple Ewell, very common, 1939; Fan Bay, not uncommon (A. J. L.
Bowes). Coombe Hole, three, August 17th 1898; Kearsney, one, August
28th 1898; Dover Cliffs, 7 $ \ 9, August 18th 1895 (H. D. Stock-

well, Diary). May be found often commonly on the Cliffs and Downs
round Dover and between Dover and Deal (E. & Y., 1949). Deal,
September 3rd, 7th 1860 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.). Deal and St. Mar-
garet’s Bay, very common, August 18th-25lh 1888 (Fenn, Lep. Data
MS.); 1890-91 (Fenn, Ent. Rec., 1:204, 2:203-4). Kingsdown, not
scarce, August 15th-27th 1884 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.); 1924, July 12th
(2), 23rd (12) (H. G. Gomm, Diary). St. Margaret’s Bay, 1925, 1927
(H. G. Gomm, Diary)\ fairly common, 1969 (T. W. Harman). Folke-
stone, July 24th-August 1st 1858 (H. Tompkins, Diary)’, 1860 (Fereday,
loc. cit.)', abundant, 1864 (Meek, Ent. mon. Mag., 1: 190). Folkestone
Warren, abundant (Knaggs, 1870); frequent, 1892 (E. D. Morgan); 1932
(J. H. B. Lowe); one, July 30th 1949 (E. C. Pelham-Clinton); frequent
annually; on July 14th 1963, I took a full-grown larva on P. sativum
from which I reared a $ on August 7th 1963 (C.-H.). Sugar Loaf Hill,
Folkestone, not scarce 1946, 1950, 1953, 1954, 1955, disturbed by day
from coarse grass, always more males than females (C.-H.). Crundale
Downs, a few, August 19th 1960 (C. R. Haxby and J. Briggs).

9. Ramsgate neighbourhod*, c. 1888 (Willson, Entomologist, 23:
140).

10. Bitchett Common, Sevenoaks, 1951, about six in a small area
of dried-up bracken (G. A. N. Davis); two of these specimens are in mv
coll. (C.-H.).i

1 A most curious locality for this normally calcareous downland species : I
can only suppose that a stray female alighted here and founded a colony.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(177)

11. Tunbridge Wells district*, apparently scarce (R. H. Rattray
in Knipe, 1916).

15. Dungeness, one, September 7th 1936 (A. M. Morley).

16. Hythe, 1950 (A. M. Swain). Folkestone Town, one 1952, one
1953 (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — The following are in RCK: ab. vittata Cockayne,
allotype $, Dover, Chatwin, 1884; ab. suffusa Cockayne (2 $ $ para-
types), S.E. Kent, 1897; Snodland, August 9th 1901, C. R. N. Burrows;
ab. conspersaria Stgr., Folkestone (4), Dover (1); ab. “no discoidal
spot”, Folkestone, one, Folkesotne, L. B. Prout, 1910.

Vinall {Entomologist, 38: 61) records a female, taken Folkestone
Warren, July 25th 1904, which appears to conform to ab. suffusa
Cockayne judging by the description.

First Record, 1831: Stephens, loc. cit.

A. ochrearia Rossi : Yellow Belle.

Resident, perhaps native. Sea walls and waste places by the sea-
shore, lucerne fields and rough grassy places on the coast; on Daucus
carota. Recorded from all divisions except 10, 14. Common to abundant
on the coast, becoming scarcer inland. Few records for 5,1, 11; doubt-
fully for 13.

Vaughan {Ent. Ann., 1868: 119) records the larva at Herne Bay on
wild carrot {D. carota).

5. Chelsfield, 1950 (A. M. Swain).

7. Westwell, one, October 1st 1962 (E. Scott).

11. Aylesford, 1951 (2), 1952 (1), 1953 (1), 1954 (3) (G. A. N.
Davis).

[13. “Only one or two have been taken on Broadwater Forest”
(Knipe, 1916); this may be Sussex (C.-H.).J

Variation. — The moth has two generations, the spring brood
moths are referable to gen. aestiva Schaw. The following named aber-
rations are in RCK: glabra Lempke, Folkestone, Cuxton, Sheppey;

unipuncta Lempke, Deal, 1898 (1); obsoleta Lempke, Isle of Sheppey
(2), Romney Marsh (1); ab. with “transverse lines connected in centre”.
Deal, 1898 (1).

Cole {Proc. S. Lond. ent. not. Hist. Soc., 1955: 22, pit. II, fig. 3)
exhibited a curious “asvmmetrical variety”, caught at Deal, August
22nd 1955.

First Record, 1809: “Habitat in Cantiae Agris, at infrequens”
(Haworth, Lep. Brit., 2: 288).

Dyscia fagaria Thunberg : Grey Scalloped Bar.

Native, extinct. Heaths; on Calluna vulgaris.

1. West Wickham, several specimens bred June 1859 from larvae
found feeding on heath (B[uttonj, Ent. week. Int., 6:99); from larvae
on heath, bred May 20th 1861 (Huckett, Ent. week. Int., 10: 117). Petts
Wood, a larva. May 6th 1865 (Fenn, Diary) (Chislehurst {V.C.H., 1908)
probably refers; Paul’s Cray Common (Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909)
certainly does).

6. Greenhithe* {V.C.H., 1908).

First Record, 1859: B[utton], loc. cit.

Perconia strigillaria Hiibner : Grass Wave.

Native. Wood borders and clearings; [on Calluna vulgaris].

1. West Wickham (1858) (Barrett, Ent. week. Int., 4: 109^ Petts
Wood, a larva. May 6th 1865, imago reared (Fenn, Diary).

3. Thornden Wood, eight, June 10th 1865 (Fenn, Diary). East
Blean Wood [and Thornden Wood] , thirty-five. May 26th-June 2nd
1866 (Fenn, Diary). Church Wood, one, June 22nd 1913, in R. P. A.
Hunt coll. (C.-H.). Near Herne, June 11th 1937 (P. F. Harris).

6a. Chattenden Roughs, 1869 (J. J. Walker MS.) ; common, June
12th 1884 (Fenn, Diary)-, ((3haney, 1884-87); common until 1918, not
looked for since (H. C. Huggins); four, June 1st 1925 (F. T. Grant);
$, June 4th 1958 (C.-H.).

8. East Downs, Folkestone (Knaggs, 1870).

[11. Wateringbury, 9$ $, 2 $ $ , in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

vl78)

W. A. Cope, who knew both Goodwin and this locality intimately, told
me he had never beared of strigillaria from there. The series bears
printed labels, but no dates have been entered (C.-H.).]

13. Groombridge (Bull, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1931-
32: 59). Tunbridge Wells, two or three in 1957 and 1958 (L. R. Tesch
per C. A. Stace). [Abundant a few yards across the Sussex border from
Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan).]

14. Tenterden (Stainton, Man., 2: 64).

Variation. — Kentish woodland strigillaria are pale and lightly
marked compared with those from the moors either in the north or
south (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 4: 230, 233); they appear to conform to sub.sp.
fuscosignata Lempke (C.-H.).

In RCK is ab. diluta Lempke, Chattenden.

First Record, 1809: “Habitat apud nos Imago in Cantio valde
infrequens” (Haworth, Lep. Brit., 2: 288).

HEPIALIDAE

Hepialus (Hepialus) humuli L. : Ghost Swift.

Native. Waste places, rough meadows, etc.; in roots of Rumex
obtusifolius, hop, strawberry and exceptionally on apple fruit. Recorded
from all divisions except 15 (probably present). “Generally common”
(V.C.H., 1908).

The moth is normally on the wing from the end of June, but in
1912, F. T. Grant took a 9 at Darenth Wood on May 18th; and in
1953, W. L. Rudland one at Wye on August 14th.

D. F. Owen found larvae and pupae on a bombed site at Lewisham
about 1946; and F. Gillett {Diary) bred the moth, June 25th 1917, from
a pupa found at Chevening. A. A. Allen has occasionally found the
larvae in turf about Charlton and Shooters Hill. On September 12th
1949, D. Lanktree took a larva at Lee that was feeding on the roots
of R. obtusifolius; and according to Theobald {J.S.E. Agric. Coll. Wye,
1906 (15), 102), “Mr. Till of Eynsford sent a nearly mature larva found
tunnelling up a dock {Rumex) stem in March”. Massee {Rpt. E. Mailing
Res. Stn., 1935: 166) recorded the larva in Kent on the roots of hops
and an attack in 1935 at Goudhurst on the roots of strawberries. He
(idem, 1946: 58) further noted an outbreak on strawberries in a straw-
berry field near Faversham in 1946; and (idem, 1955: 131) at Marden,
larvae feeding on the young fibrous roots of hop the beginning of June
1955. Massee also recorded {Rpt. E. Mailing Res. Stn., 1943: 58) that
at Barming in early May 1943, a number of Bramley’s Seedling apples
removed from a gas store were infested with the larvae.

Variation. — A $ that I took at Broad Oak, July 1st 1946, is a
monster with alar expanse 76 mm.; it is probably referable to ab.
grandis Pfitzner (C.-H.).

First Record, 1858; [Chattenden] “I only met with one specimen
(a female) of this very common species” (Crozier, Nat. Hist. Rev.,
5: 128).

H. (Triodia) sylvina L. : Wood Swift.

Native. Waste land, gardens, heaths, etc.; on roots of dock,
Pteridium aquilinum, Echium vulgare. Fairly frequent and found in all
divisions.

The moth is normally on the wing from late July to throughout
August and early September; in 1941, however, R. F. Birchenough took
one at West Wickham on June 21st (Birchenough, Ent. Rec., 63: 12).

Knaggs (1870) records the larva in Folkestone Warren feeding on
the roots of dock; and Purdey {Entomologist, 8: 226) noted that [at
Folkestone] the larva forms “a passage leading to the root of Echium
vulgare, upon which it feeds . . . ” In the spring of 1957, I took a
larva in my garden at West Wickham which was feeding on the roots
of bracken {P. aquilinum) and from which in due course I bred a
$ (C.-H.).

Variation. — The following are in RCK: Ab. crux F., Herne Bay,
one, 1905, L. B. Prout; Kent, two, 1912. Ab. pallidus Hormuz., Strood.

F. T. Grant had a specimen with five wings (three hindwings),
Tankerton, August 15th 1912.

First Record, 1828: Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 2: 8).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(179)

H. (Phymatopus) hecta L. : Golden Swift.

Native. Woods, gardens, copses, parkland; [in roots of ferns].
Found in all divisions except 5 (probably present), 9, 15. “Generally
abundant” (V.C.H., 1908).

The moth usually appears from about the middle of June, but in
1960, D. R. M. Long noted one at Bromley on May 24th.

There is no record of the finding of the larva in Kent, but the
moth is often noted among bracken. At Catford (div. 1) about 1928,
W. E. Busbridge observed it commonly in a garden at dusk among
ferns; and at Ham Fen on July 2nd 1955, I witnessed the moth flying
plentifully about a species of fern an hour or so before sunset (C.-H.).

Variation. — Barrett (Lep. Br. Is., 2:153) records ab. decorata
Krul., near Dover. In RCK are: ab. nemorosa Esp., Sevenoaks; ab.
jodutta Esp., Bexley, 1909.

First Record, 1858: Darenth Wood (Tugwell, Ent. week. Int.,
4: 125).

H. (Korscheltellus) lupulinus L. : Common Swift.

Native. Cultivated and waste places, woods, etc.; on the roots of
various plants including strawberry, mint, Michaelmas daisy and on
Gladiolus corms. Found in all divisions. “Generally abundant” (V.C.H.,
1908).

Theobald {Entomologist, 29: 194) noted the larvae “in many parts
of Kent attacking the roots of various plants, especially the strawberry”;
also those of “mint, which seems a favourite foodplant”. Theobald
(Jnl. S.E. Agric. 'Coll. Wye, 1908 (17), 169) also recorded the larva as
feeding on Gladiolus corms at Ramsgate. At Lee, Fenn {Diary,
31.iii.l893) found about twelve larvae feeding on Michaelmas daisy
roots.

The larva is sometimes attacked by the fungus Cordyceps ento~
morrhiza. For instance, at Wye, in the spring of 1908, Theobald {Jnl.
S.E. Agric. Coll. Wye., 1908 (17), 89) noted that of the great number
of lupulinus larvae observed there, about 50% were attacked by C.
entomorrhiza.

Variation. — In RCK are the following named aberrations: senex
Pfitzner, Chattenden; nebulosus Haw., two, Hythe, 1898; dacicus
Caradja, Lewisham and Bexley; nigrescens Cockayne, holotj^je $ ,
North Kent, 1910.

Boyd {Proc. ent. Soc. Lond., 1878: 45) stated that at Margate, speci-
mens were “whiter than usual”.

My series of the moth from Kent, ranges in both sexes from
specimens that are almost all white, to those nearly or entirely, uni-
colorous grey (C.-H.).

First Record, 1809: H. obliquus . . . “at Darn [Darenth]”
(Haworth, Lep. Br., 2: 143).

H. (K.) fusconebulosa DeGeer : Map-winged Swift.

Native. Woods, apparently preferring those on chalk; foodplant
unknown.

1. Joydens Wood, c. 1946 (D. F. Owen). Well Wood, West Wick-
ham, female, June 10th 1949 (C.-H.). West Wickham (Birchenough in
de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1957: 175).

3. Den Grove, one, c. 1938; Little Hall Wood, a pair in cop.. June
13th 1946 (C.-H.).

5. Chevening, June 15th 1916 (F. Gillett, Diary).

6. Near Strood*, abundant c. 1875 (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 2: 136).
Eynsford, June 20th 1891 (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1891: 122). Clay Lane Wood, not uncommon (H. C. Huggins). Shore-
ham* (H. E. Hammond); 1954 (Chatelain, in de Worms, Lond. Nat..
1959: 128).

6a. Darenth Wood (see First Notice)', common, 1858 (Tugwell,
Ent. week. Int., 4: 125); May 30th 1863, one. May 21st 1865 (Fenn,
Diary)', fairly common {V.C.H. , 1908); fairly common, c. 1950 (B. K.
West). [Chattenden] , “occurs in some plenty” (Crozier, Nat. Hist. Rev.,

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(180)

7. Wigmore Wood, not common (Chaney, 1884-87). Hollingbourne
Hill; Hucking (H. C. Huggins). Detling, one, 1917, H. Elgar, in Maid-
stone Mus. (C.-H.). Westwell, June 2nd 1946 (E. Scott).

8. Dover district, about 40, 1861 (Stonestreet, Ent. week. Int.,
10: 186). Folkestone* (Oldham, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc. for
19. vi. 1873 per Entomologist, 6:440); common in the woods (Purdey,
Entomologist, 8: 226). Kearsney, one, June 17th 1898; Poulton Wood,
one, June 17th 1899 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary) St. Radigunds, one, June
28th 1909; Coombe Wood, one, June 16th 1909 (P. A. Cardew, Diary).
Temple Ewell, one at dusk, June 25th 1932 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary).
Dover, several (B. O. C. Gardiner). Covert Wood, at dusk, June 13th
1949 (G. H. Youden). Wye (H. C. Huggins); (Scott, 1936). Chilham*,
one on birch trunk, June 10th 1922 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Brook;
Stowting (C. A. W. Duffield). Bridge, c. 1946 (R. Gorer). Waltham,
1951 (J. W. C. Hunt). Near Dover, common (G. H. Youden, in litt.
viii.1977).

10. Brasted (R. M. Prideaux). Sevenoaks (W. E. Busbridge).

11. Oaken Wood, Barming, five, 1894-96, H. Elgar, in Maidstone
Mus. (C.-H.). Wateringbury, one, 1901 (E. Goodwin MS.). Near Maid-
stone (V.C.H., 1908).

12. Hinxhill (Scott, 1936). Ashford, a few, 1958 (M. Singleton
and M. Enfield).

16. Near Sandling Park, one. May 30th 1928 (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — The well-known ab. gallicus Led., in which the
markings are mostly suppressed, has never been recorded from Kent
to my knowledge; yet curiously, in Surrey, Barrett {Lep. Br. Is., 2: 165)
found this to be the only form.

Barrett {loc. cit.) records a reddish form at Dover on the authority
of S. Webb.

First Notice, 1814: In mid- June 1814 “a locality was detected at
Darenth-wood, where the insect abounds” (Stephens, Haust., 2: 6).

COSSIDAE

Zeuzerinae

Zeuzera pyrina L. : aesculi L. : Wood Leopard

Native. Woods, gardens, orchards, waysides, parks; in the living
wood of lilac, sallow, apple, elm, hawthorn, Spanish chestnut, pear,
cherry, plum, walnut, blackcurrant, horse chestnut. Viburnum, horn-
beam.

1. Lewisham, 1884, flying in the day-time (Douglas, Ent. mon.
Mag., 21: 90). “At Blackheath the destruction of good-sized elm-trees
has been attributed to the abundance of its larvae” (Barrett, Lep. Br.
Is., 2: 145). Greenwich, larva in hawthorn and apple (West, Ent. Rec.,
18: 170).

The species has been recorded in the past from many localities in
this division. Recent records are: Abbey Wood, 1946 (A. J. Showier).
Petts Wood, several at light, 1946-48 (E. Evans). Fairly common at
Lewisham and in Greenwich Park; sometimes met with on Blackheath
and at Charlton sandpit; larvae occasionally at Lewisham (D. F. Owen,
in litt. 1947). Petts Wood, 1944 (A. M. Swain). Shooters Hill, occa-
sionally (J. F. Burton). West Wickham, 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell). Dart-
ford, common some years (B. K. West). Orpington, 1953 (L. E. Siggs).
St. Mary’s Cray, 1957 (Chatelain in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1958: 49),
Greenwich Park, $ at rest on Spanish chestnut, July 14th 1949; many
pupae under Spanish chestnut bark, December 26th 1951 (J. F. Burton).
Hayes (Birchenough in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1953: 142). Blackheath,
n s s at m.v. light, July 4th 1960, not seen before or since (A. A.
Allen). Bromley, July 28th 1963 (1), June 29th 1964 (1), July 15th (1),
27th (1) 1965, July 7th 1966 (1) (D. R. M. Long). Bexley Park Wood,
moth and empty pupa case on hornbeam (B. K. West). West Wickham,
S at light, August 4th 1977 (C.-H.).

2. Luddenham (H. C. Huggins).

3. Herne Bay (Hawkins, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1929-30: 32); occasionally in the town; $ July 1931 (A. J. L. Bowes).
Eddington, seven ^ 5, 1951 (D. G. Marsh). Canterbury City, occa-
sionally; a larva in lilac tree (J. A. Parry). Broad Oak, $ at light, July
22nd 1949 (C.-H.).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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4. Sandwich Bay, $ at light, August 5th 1937 (A. J. L. Bowes).
Ickham, 1957 (1), 1958 (1) (D. G. Marsh).

5. Farnborough (H. Alderson in fVool. Surv., 1909). Westerham
<R. C. Edwards). [(Downe (Birchenough in de Worms, Lond. Nat.,
1953: 142) is erroneous (R. F. Birchenough).]

6. Rochester* (Chaney, 1884-87). Rosherville (E. Andrews in
Chaney, 1884-7). Mr. Till of Eynsford writes that one young apple is
quite destroyed by “the perforating action going on in the trunk”
(Theobald, Second Rpt. Econ. ZooL, 1904: 31). Greenhithe* (V.C.H.,
1908). Horton Kirby, on apple (Theobald, Jnl. S.E. Agric. Coll. fVye,
1908 (17), 89). Gravesend, larva and imago (H. C. Huggins); at light
July 3rd, 18th 1911, July 23rd 1914, larvae in elm, lilac (F. T. Grant).
Longfield, 1949, 1950 (G. G. E. Scudder). Ryarsh, 1947 (J. Fremlin).
Eynsford, two, July 14th 1964 (R. G. Chatelain).

7. Chestnut Street, imago; Selling, larva in orchards (H. C.
Huggins). Westwell, $ , August 6th 1938 (E. Scott); larvae in very old
sallow trunks (Scott, 1950).

8. Wye* (Scott, 1936). Dover, fairly plentiful; one $ July 27th
1977 (G. H. Youden).

9. Margate, one June 30th 1926, $ July 1931 (H. G. Gomm,
Diary); July 17th 1951 (W. D. Bowden). St. Peters, $ July 7th 1957
(W. D. Bowden).

10. Brasted, July 28th 1918 (Gillett, Diary); single specimens occa-
sionally (R. M. Prideaux). Sevenoaks, pupa in Viburnum, 1943, imagines
at light, 1949, 1951 (F. D. Greenwood).

11. Wateringbury, several in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.). “Is by no
means uncommon in Kent, being frequently sent from orchards round
Maidstone and Tonbridge” (Theobald, Second Rpt. Econ. ZooL, 1904:
31). Mereworth, larva in apple tree, October 19th (1908) (Theobald,
Jnl. S.E. Agric. Coll. Wye, 1909 (18), 115). Yalding (F.C.//., 1908).
East Peckham, apple trees attacked with as many as six larvae in one
branch (Theobald, Jnl. S.E. Agric. Coll. Wye, 1912 (21), 127). In Kent
[Maidstone district] it is usually found on apple but frequently attacks
the smaller limbs and branches of cherries, pears, plums, walnuts and
other trees including the chestnut ...” (Massee, Ann. Rpt. E. Mailing
Res. Stn., 1935: 165). Maidstone district, horse chestnut is a favourite
host (Massee, Ann. Rpt. E. Mailing Res. Stn., 1950: 142). East Mailing,
$ 1951 (G. A. N. Davis). Hoads Wood, August 8th 1954 (P. Cue MS.).
Sevenoaks Weald, seven, June 16th-August 3rd 1960 (E. A. Sadler).

12. Brook* (C. A. W. Duffield); larva in apple, June 1940 (A. J. L.
Bowes). Ham Street, $ at light, July 22nd 1935 (A. J. L. Bowes); about
18 $ 5 at light in Orlestone Woods, July 20th-31st 1951, with eight
on July 20th (C.-H.). Ashford, two on a fence, 1937 (Scott, 1950); some
almost every year at light including July 7th 1967 (P. Cue MS.). Char-
tham, common c. 1952 (P. B. Wacher). Willesborough, three, July
12th-15th 1955; Wye, two July 20th-August 3rd 1954, one July 1955,
one July 21st 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Kennington, one, 1957 (M. Single-
ton). West Ashford, one at light, 1961 (M. Enfield). Willesborough, one
at light, c. 1960 (M. Singleton).

13. Tunbridge Wells, 1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2: 229); fairly
common (R. H. Rattray in Knipe, 1916); 1958 (4) (L. R. Tesch per
C. A. Stace); 1959 (1) (C. A. Stace). Goudhurst, common (W. V. D.
Bolt, pers. comm., 1961). Pembury, larvae boring into the larger growths
of black currants” (Massee, E. Mailing Ann. Rpt., 1935: 165).

14. Tenterden (Stainton, Man., 1: 113). Sandhurst (G. V. Bull).
Hawkhurst, one, 1950 (B. G. Chatfield). Knock Wood c. 1855 (Beale,
Diary). Tenterden, larvae not uncommon (Beale, Zoologist, 4130).

15. Dymchurch, four, 1952 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 65: 43).

16. Folkestone*, “a few stray examples at light” (Knaggs, 1870).
Near Hythe, 1930 (Saunders teste Morley, 1931). Lympne, 1898 (Heit-
land. Entomologist, 31:221). Folkestone Town, $, 1952 (Morley,
Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1952-53: 42).

Variation. — In RCK is one with right side ab. confluens Cockayne
left side normal, Brockley, 1903.

First Record, 1845: Lewisham (Stainton, Zoologist, 1194).

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LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

Cossinae

Cossus cossus L.: Goat.

Native. Woods, avenues, parks, orchards, plantations, gardens; in
wood of black poplar, balsam poplar, oak, willow, elm, ash, apple,
cherry, walnut. Recorded from all divisions. “Generally common”
(V.C.H., 1908), though appreciably scarcer nowadays.

Most records refer to the larva which according to Theobald (J.S.E.
Agric. Coll., fVye, 1904 (13), 159) causes by far the greatest damage to
ash, then elm and next willow. Massee (RpL E. Mailing Res. Stn.,
1953: 163) states that in an old eleven-acre orchard at Ulcombe, it
infested apple, cherry and walnut trees. A. J. L. Bowes {Diary) recorded
it as not uncommon in poplars in Herne Bay from which he had bred
several moths, and that he had also found the larva in August 1939
in oak stumps at Ham Street; and J. A. Parry found the larvae abun-
dantly in willows in the City of Canterbury c. 1945. In 1953, B. K. West
noted the larvae in extreme abundance in balsam poplars at Bexley
Heath; large numbers were revealed under each piece of bark removed
and he estimated that they were present there in hundreds. The larva
has been recorded by various people on poplar from many localities in
the county, including several by me at Bromley on black poplar c. 1950,
and nearly every autumn from 1934-1940 at Broad Oak, near Canter-
bury, I used to see full-grown larvae wandering about on the ground
in the vicinity of an ancient co55U5-infested walnut (C.-H.).

The imago is seldom seen, but has occasionally been noted at light
and at rest on pales. For instance, R. G. Chatelain took one at light at
Dungeness, July 17th 1964; and W. L. Rudland, one at light at Ham
Street, June 24th 1953. I have only seen the moth twice, once at Broad
Oak and once at Sandwich, and on each occasion apparently attracted
to sugar though not imbibing it (C.-H.). Rarely has it been noted in
numbers, as when Carter {Entomologist, 33: 158) records that one
evening at Bexley Heath he took 17 specimens from a single willow
trunk from which twice as many pupa cases were projecting from holes;
and B. K. West noted many moths at Bexley Heath flying about and
settling on the trunks of the balsam poplars referred to above.

First Record, 1828: “Near Deptford, abundantly in June last”
(Newman, in Stephens, Haust., 2: 10).

ZYGAENIDAE

Procridinae

Adscita statices L. : The Forester.

Native. Wet meadows, grassy places, chalk downs; foodplant
unrecorded.

Note: The time of appearance of this exceedingly local moth

varies according to locality. At Chattenden (where it is apparently
extinct), it appeared in May and June, but in the Sandwich-Deal area
its normal time of occurrence is July.

1. Near West Wickham (Simson, Ent. week. Int., 1: 116); June 7th
1857 (C. Healey, in Tutt, Br. Lep., 1: 399). Forest Hill, early July 1895
(Helps, in Tutt, loc. cit.). Hartford Heath, 1904 (E. D. Morgan).

4. Sandwich, common (1865) (Harding, Entomologist, 3: 24); July
29th 1889 (H. Goss teste Fenn, Diary)’, St. George’s and Prince’s golf
courses. Sandwich, July 25th 1922, August 1st 1923, July 28th 1926,
July 15th (“only three”) 1929 (H. G. Gomm, Diary)', Sandwich,
abundant, c. 1947 (J. A. Parry); one, July 10th 1948 (R. C. Edwards);
one, June 29th 1952 (A. M. Swain); July 5th 1957 (R. F. Bretherton).
Fordwich, 5, June 1931 (A. J. L. Bowes). Deal, 1933-34, scarce (E. &
Y., 1949); one, June 20th 1958 (E. Philp); Sandown Castle, $, July
15th 1973 (C.-H.).

6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 1: 106). Chattenden, “I met
with a few specimens in one meadow” (Crozier, Nat. Hist. Rev., 5: 127);
common in several of the meadows near Chattenden, also in a little
grassy spot in the upper part of the Roughs, June 5th-29th (Chaney,
1884-87); not uncommon but very worn June 20th 1885, very common
June 12th 1886, two June 14th 1887, worn June 8th 1889, common but
worn June 20th 1891, June 4th (29) 1892 (Fenn, Diary)', three June
12th 1891 (Tyrer, Ent. Rec., 2:111); June 11th 1887, June 4th-26th

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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1890, June 17th 1891, June 11th, July 2nd 1892, May 20th, 27th (worn)
1893 (Tutt, Br. Lep., 1: 397 et seq.); [Chattenden] , 1905 (Ovenden, Ent.
Rec., 18: 17); Chattenden, 1901-10 (Huggins, Entomologist, 81: 35).

[7. Detling (Reid, S.E. Nat., 1904: 50) refers to A. geryon Hbn.

(^.v.).]

8. Folkestone, common behind ShornclifFe Camp and Folkestone,
June 13th-20th 1859, they only appeared for a few days (Rogers, Ent.
week. Int., 6: 180); Castle Hill, plentiful, June 25th 1869 (Ullyett, Qtly.
J. Folkestone nat. Hist. Soc., 1869 (4), 95; idem, Ent. mon. Mag.,
6: 93). Chilton Bank, Dover, June 8th (1), 24th (2) 1900; Kearsney,
June 27th (1) 1903, June 20th (2) 1906 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary).
Temple Ewell, “twice reported” (E. & Y., 1949).

10. Kemsing, numerous in a field, July 2nd 1938 (R. Fairclough).

11. Tonbridge* (Morris, Br. Moths., 1: 38).

13. Boundes Park, very abundant in one field but nowhere else,
June 1857 (Brown, Ent. week. Int., 2: 99). Tunbridge Wells district*,
scarce (A. D. Read, in Knipe, 1916). Ramslye Farm, one (Townsend,
in Given, 1946; E. D. Morgan). [Groombridge, June 17th 1934 (Bull,
Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1934-35: 21), may be Sussex.]

First Record, 1828: Stephens, loc. cit.

A. geryon Huebner : Cistus Forester.

Native. Chalk downs; foodplant unrecorded.

6. Magpie Bottom, “common annually up to 1949, when less
plentiful” (H. E. Hammond).

7. Detling, two in Maidstone Mus. labelled “Detling C.B.” [Cave-
Brown?], and erroneously recorded as A. statices by S. G. Reid in
S.E. Nat., 1904: 50 (C.-H.).

8. Canterbury* (Knaggs, Ent. Ann., 1864: 124). Folkestone, several
June 25th 1869, with A. statices and A. globulariae (Ullyett, Qtly. J.
Folkestone nat. Hist. Soc., 1869 (4), 95; Knaggs, Qtly. J. Folkestone nat.
Hist. Soc., 1869 (4), 77; Ullyett, Ent. mon. Mag., 6: 93-94); beginning
of July 1869, “Mr. Purdey kindly took me to the spot, and I had the
pleasure of seeing both species [A. geryon and A. globulariae] alive
for the first time” (Vaughan, Ent. mon. Mag., 6: 94); three, 1879
(Wellman, Entomologist , 12: 220). Uyminge, June 19th 1901, June 20th
1904, June 20th 1905, June 18th 1906, several on each date in J. P.
Barrett coll. (C.-H.). Stowting (C. A. W. Duffield). Beachborough Hill,
numerous along path leading to top, July 1928 (D. Saunders teste Morley,
1931). Ewell Minnis, one, June 27th 1931 (A. M. Morley, Diary and
in litt.). Sole Street, one, June 14th 1935, F. A. Small, in Small coll.
(C.-H.). Wye Downs, a small colony, 1948 (C. A. W. Duffield teste
Scott, 1950). Ewell Minnis, common, 1924; Temple Ewell, 1936 (B.
Embry Xeste G. H. Youden in litt.). Behind Fishponds Farm on down
above Cuckholdscombe, Brook, one July 6th 1955 (E. Scott).

[11. Tonbridge*, “an unverified report” (Knipe, 1916; Given,
1946).]

First Record, 1864: Knaggs, Ent. Ann., 1864: 124.

A. globulariae Heubner : Scarce Forester.

Native. Downs and rough grassy places on the chalk; foodplant
unrecorded.

[6. Gravesend, common by sweeping flowers at night (in 1868)
(Button, Entomologist, 4:129). Kent [Gravesend?]*, common on
Echium bloom (Button, Entomologist, 5: 221).]

8. Deal neighbourhood, July 1858 (Baldwin, Ent. week. Int., 4:
133). Common on the slope of a range of hills at the back of Shorncliffe
Camp and Folkestone, June 13th-20th 1859; they only appeared for a
few days (Rogers, Ent. week. Int., 6: 180). Deal, 1860 (Harding, Ent.
week. Int., 8: 155). Castle Hill, Folkestone, June 25th 1869, several on
the slopes of the downs with A. geryon and A. statices (Ullyett, Qtly.
J. Folkestone nat. Hist. Soc., 1869 (4), 95); still about, July 6th 1869
(idem, Ent. mon. Mag., 6: 93; Knaggs, 1870); beginning of July 1869
(Vaughan, Ent. mon. Mag., 6: 94). Folkestone, a few fresh specimens,
July 1879 (Wellman, Entomologist , 12: 220); several, 1881 (Tugwell,
Entomologist, 14: 215). Ewell Minnis, taken by B. Embry in 1923, none

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after that until he took two on June 22nd 1936 (A. M. Morley). “A. G.
Peyton told me he found it near Elham in 1933. I explored the district
the following year but found none” (A. M. Morley in litt.). Temple
Ewell, 3 $ $ , 2 $ $ , June 23rd 1936 (A. M. Morley, Diary); Dr.
E[. J. R. Twigg “sent me a ^ taken early July 1939 . . . immediately
N. of the village” (A. J. L. Bowes, Diary); two ^ ^ , June 20th, four
$ S , one $ , June 22nd 1945 (Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1946-47: 36). Haddling Wood, Waldershare, C. M. Gummer told
me he saw a dozen or more here in 1946, but only one in 1947 and
none in 1948 and 1949. I have his specimens which are dated: June 22nd
(^), 23rd (2 5 ^), July 1st (6 ^ 5, 1 $) 1946, July 2nd (5) 1947. On
a number of occasions I subsequently visited the locality, a sheltered
rough chalky field bordering the wood with plenty of Centaurea nigra,
but saw no sign of the moth (C.-H.).

Variation. — In RCK is ab. viridis Tutt, Folkestone, three, Well-
man’s sale, 10.vii.l894.

First Record, 1858: E. G. Baldwin, Ent. week. Int., 4: 133.

Zygaeninae

Zygaena filipenduiae L. ssp. anglicola Tremewan : Six-spot Burnet.

Native. Chalk downs, rough uncultivated meadows, flowery banks
and waysides, etc.; on Lotus corniculatus. Recorded from all divisions;
mostly on light soils, more local elsewhere. Frequent in 4-9.

The larva has been noted in many localities in the county feeding
on L. corniculatus, e.g. at Sandwich Bay where they were abundant on
June 8th 1958 (C.-H.).

1. Formerly present in many places in this division. The only
recent records available are: West Wickham, one worn, July 5th 1952
(C.-H.). Petts Wood, 1950, 1951, common (F. A. & A. M. Swain). Lee,
common in a few fields c. 1946 (D. F. Owen). Orpington, 1955 (L. W.
Siggs). Hartford (B. K. West). Bromley, two, July 25th 1959 (D. R. M.
Long). Blackheath (Allen, Ent. Rec., 79: 61).

2. Sheppey, 1900 (Fletcher, Entomologist, 34: 371).

3. Broad Oak, one, June 12th 1947 (C.-H.).

10. Brasted, abundant (R. M. Prideaux). Bradbourne Park, Seven-
oaks, two, July 31st 1937 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary).

11. Aylesford, 1950, 1951 (G. A. N. Davis).

12. Hothfield (Scott, 1964).

13. Tunbridge Wells, common (E. D. Morgan).

14. Sandhurst, July 2nd 1932, June 23rd 1936, June 10th 1940,
June 30th 1941, June 18th 1949; Marsh Quarter, June 16th-July 5th
1941, June 24th 1944 (G. V. Bull, Diary). Hawkhurst, common in hay-
fields throughout area (B. G. Chatfield); 1958, very common (A. W.
Lawson).

15. Dungeness, June 18th 1931 (G. V. Bull, Diary); July 2nd 1949,
June 22nd 1957, plentiful with many paired including one in cop. with
Z. lonicerae {q.v.) (C.-H.). Dymchurch, June 19th 1947 (G. V. Bull,
Diary).

16. Folkestone (A. M. Morley).

Variation. — 3 $ $ and 1 $ paratypes of ssp. anglicola Tremewan,
labelled “Eynsford, Kent, viii.1912” are in BMNH (Tremewan, Ent.
Gaz., 11: 189.

The yellow form, ab. flava Robson, has been recorded as follows:
Maidstone (Ponton, Entomologist, 6: 515); Kent (Sabine, Entomologist,
19: 287, idem, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1886: 61); “var.
lutescens”, Wrotham, six bred 1898 (Small, Ent. Rec., 10:227); Meop-
ham, August 16th 1915 (1), August 9th 1916 (1) (F. T. Grant); Folke-
stone, exhibited by Anderson at Haggerstone Ent. Soc., 14.viii.l884
{Young Nat., 5: 240); Brasted, one with “yellow hindwings” (R. M.
Prideaux); Wrotham, one, August 21st 1954 (C. G. Bruce).

J. J. Walker took one at Cuxton in 1872 in which the “red was
replaced by an orange colour” (Chaney, 1884-87). Burnt Ash Lane, Lee,
1870, one taken of a “salmon-pink” (West, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1910-11: 103). Bluebell Hill, one which had “only 4 spots”
on each f.w., taken by F. T. Grant, September 12th 1912 (Newman,
Trans. Lond. nat. Hist. Soc., 1914: 15). Folkestone, 1885, “an apparently

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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apterous specimen”, bred by R. South, exhibited at S. Lond. Ent. Nat.
Hist. Soc., 22. ix. 1887 (Barker, Young Nat., 8:220). Various other abs.
have been recorded, cf. Entomologist, 24: 233-5, 49: 47; Ent. Rec., 28:
46, 34: 108; Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.. 1911-12:47, 56, 1915-16:
122, 1946-47: 36.

The following Kent aberrations are in RCK: basimedioconfluens
Vorbrodt, Deal, 1895; cytisi Hb., N. Kent, 1911 (2); confluens Ob., Deal,
St. Margaret’s Bay, Folkestone; costaliconfliiens Vorbrodt, Staplehurst,
1927, Kent Coast, 1929; conjuncta Tutt, Deal, bred 1898 (2); quinque-
puncta Tutt, Deal (many, including lectotype bred 1896); proconfluens
Tutt, Deal (many, including lectotype); flava Robson, Bexley, bred 1929,
bred 1943, N. Kent, 1922, 1924 (2), Westerham, bred 1921, Dover,
1890; aurantia Tutt, N. Kent, bred 1915 (8), Near Dartford, bred 1909
(2), Near Bexley, 1912 (2), Near Herne Bay, 1926, J. Shepherd (1),
Dartford, 1911 (1); aurantia Tutt with “spot 5 absent”, N. Kent, 1915
(1); intermedia Tutt, Dartford, bred 1909 (3), Dartford, 1912 (1), N.
Kent, bred 1918; miniata Tutt, Datford, bred 1911 (5), Deal, bred 1878;
brunnescens Cockayne, holotype, allotype, paratypes (3), all R. Garner,
Orpington, 1937 (cf. Ent. Rec., 52: 91), others, R. Cramer, Orpington,
July (various dates) 1937; ab. with “spot 6 absent”, Otford, 1915; ab.
with “spot 6 faint”, N. Kent, 1926 (1), Kent, 1922 (1); ab. with “spot
4 every small”, Kent, 1922 (1). Also, example of homoeosis, Queendown
Warren, bred W. Crocker, 1910.

In RCK is f. loc. degenerata Tremewan —hippocrepidis Hb.,
Tutt nec Hb. (cf. Tremewan, Ent. Gaz., 9:191 et seq.), holotype
“Kent, 25.v-24.vi. 1892”; allotype with same data; 97 paratypes, all
labelled “Kent”, 1884 (4), 1890 (7), 1892 (85), 1893 (1). The locality of
Tutt’s specimens was Chattenden, where the form appears to have died
out, and there is no record of its occurrence there or elsewhere since
1893. Tremewan (loc. cit.) refers to three degenerata that he had seen,
labelled “Kent, 1879”, and probably from the same colony as those
above. The following references allude to degenerata: Proc. S. Lond.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1914-15:110, 112, 1926-27:91, 1927-28:75.

F.t. stephensi Dupont - hippocrepidis Hb., Stephens nec Hb. (cf.
Tremewan, Ent. Gaz., 9: 193-194) is no more than an aberration in
which spot 6 is divided by vein Ms (cf. Tremewan, Ent. Gaz., 27: 150).
Colthrup {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1903: 68) exhibited a series
of this from Folkestone with comments; and Fleitland {Entomologist,
31: 221-222) records that he bred seven specimens in July 1898 from
among about 230 pupae [of Z. filipendulae taken in the Appledore
district]. South {Entomologist, 30: 181-183) states that at Folkestone in
1885 he found specimens of this; and Morley {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1953-54: 39) records that on July 6th 1953 he bred nine from
Dungeness, and in a further communication {in litt. 16. ix. 1957) wrote
that all or nearly all the filipendulae he had found at Dungeness were
referable to this. Duffield {Ent. Rec., 73: 25 et seq.) has taken it at
Brook — confirmed by Tremewan {Ent. Rec., 73:110 et seq.).

Hybridity. — South {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1887:53)
exhibited a specimen from Folkestone thought to be hybrid filipendulae
X trifolii. Cornelius {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1948-49: 28)
exhibited one taken at Sevenoaks, a suggested hybrid filipendulae x
lonicerae.

First Record, 1828: Anthrocera hippocrepidis, “I have captured
this insect . . . near Darenth-wood” (Stephens, Haust., 1: 110).

Z. trifolii Esper ssp. decreta Verity : palustris sensu auct. : Five-spot
Burnet.

Native. Marshes, damp meadows; [on Lotus uliginosus] .

1. Near Eltham (see First Record). Sundridge Park, a large colony
on a swampy piece of ground, 1946, abundant June 24th 1947; Shoofiers
Hill, common on golf course and in Oxleas Wood, June 1946; Joydens
Wood, common July 2nd 1948; Blackheath, a few 1948 (J. F. Burton^
Elmstead Woods, 1947 (D. F. Owen). Bromley Common, on same
ground as Z. lonicerae Scheven, May 31st (1), June 1st (4) 1947, one
June 9th 1950, in A. M. & F. A. Swain coll. (C.-H.). [Greenwich Park,
large numbers released in 1946 (D. F. Owen).]

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2. Sheerness (Bower teste Tutt, Br. Lep., 1; 507).

3. Faversham*, June 1924 (Edmonds, Entomologist, 58: 40).
Thornden Wood, June 11th (1), 22nd (1) 1937 (P. F. Harris, Diary).
Paddock Wood, one June 12th 1947 (C.-H.).

4. Sandwich, July 18th 1884, July 7th-16th 1887 (Tutt, Br. Lep.,
1: 506); “Goss told me today that this morning he noted Z. trifolii at
Sandwich” (Fenn, Diary, 29.vi.1889). Ham Marshes [Ham Fen], many
pupae collected July 5th, moths July 9th (2), 25th (11) 1891 (Fenn,
Diary). Deal, July 1st 1906, one in H. D. Stockwell coll. (C.-H.); July
6th 1935 (J. H. B. Lowe). Worth Marshes (H. C. Huggins). Elbridge
Wood, lower side next to marsh, three, July 1st 1921 (H. G. Gomm,
Diary). Westbere, abundant June 27th 1952, abundant July 5th 1953,
two July 16th 1955 (C.-H.). Ham Fen, one June 30th 1955 (W. D.
Bowden).

12. Hothfield (Scott, 1936); July 6th 1957 (E. Philp). Orlestone
Woods, one May 28th 1948; several in a flowery field in Mrs. Davison’s
garden, June 9th 1956, of which a specimen taken and confirmed as
decreta by W. G. Tremewan (C.-H.). [Brook, two larvae found on L.
uliginosus (Dufiield, Ent. Rec., 73: 28), may have been those of decreta
(C.-H.); “flies in late July in marshy lowland at the foot of the escarp-
ment” (Scott, 1964: 13). Tremewan {Ent. Rec., 73: 110 et seq.) examined
Duffield’s Brook Zygaenidae but found no decreta among them.]

Variation. — Fenn {Diary) recorded “a yellow var.” [ab. lutescens
Cockerell], Ham Marshes, July 25th 1891; and Taylor {Proc. S. Lond.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1948-49: 15) abs. minoides Selys and lutescens
Cockerell from Sidcup.

In RCK are the following aberrations: minoides Selys, E. Kent,
1918 (1), Kent, 1893; daimon Porritt, Kent, 1909 (1).

ssp. palustrella Verity : minor Tutt nec Erschoff.

Native. Chalk downs, commons, waste places; foodplant unrecorded.

5. Lullingstone, May 1948 (Rigden in de Worms, Lond. Nat.,
1953: 141); abundant June 1951 (A. Heselden)t. Westerham, 1956 (A. S.
Wheeler).

6. Eynsford (S. F. P. Blyth); June 7th 1953, noted from 20 most
of which were fresh, by the rifle-range (C.-H.). Fawkham (E. J. Hare).
Shoreham, 1949 (L. W. Siggs); several May 18th 1952 (A. Heselden).
Trottiscliffe, one, June 20th 1952 (C.-H.).

6a. Chattenden, June 16th 1883 (Tutt, Br. Lep., 1: 497). Cobham
Park, June 6th (? year) (F. T. Grant).

7. Hollingbourne, June 27th 1923 (F. T. Grant). Bluebell Hill area,
many June 1st 1957 (E. Philp). Near Aylesford, June 4th, 7th 1956,
June 12th 1957 (G. A. N. Davis).

8. Near Folkestone, 1858 (Drury, Ent. week. Int., 4: 102). Near
Shorncliffe, June 10th 1859 (Rogers, Ent. week. Int., 6: 180). Ashford*,
June 5th 1895, well out (Crabtree, in Tutt, op. cit., 498). Dover (Stone-
street, Ent. week. Int., 10: 187); moderately common on the downs in
June (E. & Y., 1949). Petham (H. C. Huggins). Stowting (C. A. W.
Duffleld). Chilham Downs, 1935 (C.-H.).; June 10th 1951 (W. D.
Bowden). Crundale, several May 28th 1950; Wye Crown, June 4th 1948,
May 24th 1953 (C.-H.).

12. Brook (Duffleld, Ent. Rec., 73:25 et seq.; Tremewan, Ent.
Rec., 73: 110 et seq.).

16. “Near the Cherry Gardens; May” (Knaggs, 1870).

Variation. — Small {Entomologist, 53: 116) records an ab. that he
took on Wye Downs “with all the wings entirely black with the exception
of a pale whitish streak in each fore wing”. Heath {Trans. Cy. Lond.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1912-13: 28) exhibited a series of “var. confluens”
from Wye, 1912; Scott (1936) records ab. lutescens from the Ashford
district; and Harbottle {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1954-55: 30)
an ab. lutescens taken at Wye, May 23rd 1953.

The following named aberrations are in RCK: intermedia Tutt,
Folkestone, 1897, one, S. F. Hills; glycirrhizae Hbn., Folkestone; orobi
Hbn., Folkestone; basalis Selys, Folkestone; minoides Selys, Wye, Dover,
Folkestone.

First Record, 1828: Anthrocera loti . . . one “I found in June,

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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in a field near Eltham, Kent, several years ago ...” (Stephens, Haust.,
1: 109).

Z. lonicerae Scheven ssp. transferens Verity : Narrow-bordered Five-spot

Burnet.

Resident, perhaps native. Open woods, chalk downs, sandpits, damp
meadows, etc.; on Lotus corniculatus, Vida cracca.

Note: Few localities were known prior to about 1945, and these
only in 6a, 8 and 13. Since then the distribution has greatly increased,
and though still very local, the species is now widespread in the county
and in all probability exists in many more colonies than the records
indicate.

1. Sparrow Common, Petts Wood, pupae, June 9th 1946, imagines
reared June 27th 1946, in A. M. & F. A. Swain coll. (C.-H.); larvae
common on L. corniculatus (A. M. Swain). Chislehurst, colony, July
28th 1946 (S. F. P. Blyth). Shooters Hill, common on the golf course,
June 11th 1947; Charlton Sandpit, a colony, July 4th 1947; Elmstead
Wood, common June 21st 1947; Sundridge Park, common June 21st
1947 (J. F. Burton). West Wickham, many worn at rest imbibing at
Scabious flowers, July 6th 1947, three worn, July 6th 1952, common
in good condition, July 4th 1953 (C.-H.). Scadbury, 1948 (Taylor, Proc.
S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1952-53: 58). Keston, several June 25th,
July 9th 1950 (C.-H.). Bromley, 1948, 1949, 1950 (D. Lanktree). Black-
heath, one in garden c. 1954, evidently a stray (A. A. Allen); one since
(Allen, Ent. Rec., 82: 62).

2. Higham, common (B. K. West).

3. Whitstable, one June 24th 1945; on V. cracca bred July 9th
1950; Thornden, one fresh July 1st 1945; Clowes Wood, one July 13th
1946; Chestfield, pupa June 26th, moth bred July 7th 1948 (P. F. Harris,
Diary). West Blean Wood, pupae abundant in a meadow June 17th
1952, moths bred (C.-H.). Pean Farm, June 29th 1952, July 23rd 1954
(A. S. Wheeler).

4. Ebbsfleet, pupae and moths July 1st 1950; pupae abundant with
three on one stem June 18th 1952 (Chalmers-Hunt, Ent. Rec., 69: 198).
Sandwich, colony July 7th 1956 {Bull. Kent Eld. CL, 2: 13); numerous,
July 1st, 3rd 1960 (C.-H.); August 4th 1968, July 13th 1972 (C. G.
Bruce).

5. Biggin Hill, numerous July 4th 1953, two good condition July
17th 1960, one July 11th 1977 (C.-H.). Farthing Street, one worn, July
14th 1958 (C.-H.). Meanfield, Shoreham, imago on knapweed, July 17th
1963 (D. R. M. Long).

6. Shoreham, one June 29th 1948 (J. F. Burton); May 31st 1958
(Jacobs, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1958: 70). Fawkham (E. J.
Hare). Wrotham, July 29th 1971 (C. G. Bruce).

6a. Chattenden Roughs, July 16th, 26th 1869 (J. J. Walker MS.);
common in the ash plantation, June 13th-July 22nd (Chaney, 1884-87);
numerous dates recorded by various observers are given in Tutt, Br.
Lep., 1: 478-479 (C.-H.); several pupae June 4th 1958, moths reared
(C.-H.).

I

7. Walderslade, several, July 6th, 17th 1955 (G. A. N. Davis)f.

8. Folkestone Warren, July 1898 (Heitland, Entomologist, 31: 221);
no subsequent record for here or elsewhere in this division (unless “East
Kent coast” [?Deal district]*, July 1907 (Whittle, Ent. Rec., 20:64)
refers to div. 8), until three were taken July 6th 1958 and two more
seen in another part of the Warren, July 22nd 1958; one July 3rd 1960,
one July 8th 1977 (C.-H.). Devil’s Kneeding Trough, June 1959f (M.
Singleton). Dover, 1964, common on hill behind Crabble athletic ground
(G. H. Youden). Temple Ewell, two July 1st 1969 (C.-H.).

11. East Mailing, one, 1950 (G. A. N. Davis). Hoads Wood, one
June 1959t (M. Singleton).

12. Ashford, one June 1959f (M. Singleton). Brook (Duffield,
Ent. Rec., 73:25 et seq.; Tremewan, Ent. Rec., 73: 110 et seq.).

13. Speldhurst, few 1903; Forest Road and Royal Chase, Tunbridge
Wells, abundant 1940, 1949 (E. D. Morgan). Near Penshurst* (Given,
1946). Lamberhurst, 1957; High Woods, 1958, 1959, commonf (C. A.
Stace).

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14. Marsh Quarter, Sandhurst, July 7th (1), 12th (1) 1948, July
31st 1949 (G. V. Bull, Diary and coll.). Hawkhurst, 1955-58, a strong
colony which was almost certainly not there in 1953 (A. W. Lawson).
Tenterden, 1960 (C. G. Orpin).

15. Dungeness, common July 10th 1955 (E. Philp); common but
very local 1957 (Chalmers-Hunt, Ent. Rec., 69: 199).

Variation. — Auld (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1896: 67)
exhibited a specimen from Chattenden with “partially sub-diaphanous
wings”.

J. F. Burton has a yellow ab. from Shooters Hill, 1947, probably
referable to citrina Speyer (C.-H.).

Taylor {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1952-53: 58) recorded
one '"sQxm-lutescens variety” from Scadbury.

Hybridity. — This species is frequently found flying with Z.
filipendulae and there are indications that in the wild the two occa-
sionally hybridise. The two have been found in cop. in nature more than
once; thus, at Dungeness in 1957, I found a S lonicerae paired with
a $ filipendulae {Ent. Rec., 69: 199); and at Hawkhurst (also in 1957)
A. W. Lawson noted this species paired with filipendulae. Taylor {Proc.

S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1952-53: 58) commented at some length
on the circumstances concerning a number of suspected hybrid lonicerae
X filipendulae that he had bred from pupae collected at Scadbury,

First Record, 1861: Kent, plentiful, 1861 (Cox, Ent. week. Int.,
10: 124).

LIMACODIDAE

Apoda avellana L. : limacodes Hufnagel : testiido Denis & Schitfermiiller :
Festoon.

Native. Woods; on oak.

1. Sydenham; Birch Wood; Near Chislehurst (Stephens, Haust.,
2: 86). West Wickham Wood (Healy, Ent. week. Int., 2: 93, 4: 100);
larvae fairly frequent on oak (Wakely, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1930-31:75); three July 2nd 1951 (C.-H.); July 20th 1951

(R. F, Birchenough). West Wood, Shooters Hill, 1863 (West, Ent. Rec.,
18: 170). Bexley (Carr, Entomologist, 32: 40, 33: 46). Chislehurst, com-
mon some years as larvae (S. F. P, Blyth). West Wood; Joydens Wood;
Farnborough {Wool. Surv., 1909). Farningham Wood, three larvae Sep-
tember 11th 1937 (A, R. Kidner, Diary); larvae beaten from oak,
September 23rd 1951 (Haynes, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1951-52: 81).

3. Blean Woods (the Faversham side), one (Stowell, Ent. week. Int.,
2: 117). Sturry Woods, $ June 17th 1915 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Thorn-
den Wood, $ beaten out, June 21st 1930 (A. J. L. Bowes); larva beaten
from oak October 10th 1943, bred June 15th 1944 (P. F. Harris, Diary).
West Blean Wood, $ beaten out, 1935; Broad Oak, July 1st (4 $ $),
11th (^) 1946; Den Grove, July 19th ($) (C.-H.). Chestfield, larva on
oak September 20th 1947 (P. F. Harris, Diary). Church Wood, moths
beaten from Spanish Chestnut (J. A. Parry).

4. Westbere, July 24th 1946 (2 $ $) (C.-H.). Ickham, c. 1956
(D. G. Marsh).

6. Longfield (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (54), ii).

6a. Darenth Wood (see Eirst Record); 1864 (Meek, Ent. mon.
Mag., 1: 190); June 28th 1907 (5), September 25th 1910 (2 larvae),
September 23rd 1920 (larva), August 28th 1935 (2 larvae) (A. R. Kidner,
Diary); c. 1949 (E. J. Hare) Swanscombe Wood, 1865 (West, Ent. Rec.,
18: 170). Chattenden Roughs (Chaney, 1884-87); 9, July 16th 1869 (J. J.
Walker MS.).

7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). Kings Wood (Scott, 1936).
Eastwell (Scott, 1950). Westwell, one July 15th 1950 (G. H. Youden).

8. Covert Wood, three June 22nd 1935 (J. H. B. Lowe) (Barham
(E. & Y., 1949) probably refers); one June 6th 1950 (G. H. Youden).
Woolwich Wood, one 1945 (E. & Y., 1949). Brook*, July 25th 1951
(Duffield per E. Scott).

10. Westerham, a larva (Turner, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1897: 141); June 28th 1930, $ S fairly plentiful flying during the
morning, ? at rest on grass head (Jacobs, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1930-31:48).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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11. Hoads Wood (Scott, 1936); larva, 1960 (M. Enfield per M.
Singleton); ^ at light July 16th 1976 (C.-H.). Bethersden, one 1952
(W. V. D. Bolt).

12. Orlestone Woods, August 29th 1930 (larva), August 12th 1933
(larva) (G. V. Bull, Diary)-, June 17th 1934 (A. J. L. Bowes); $ June
3rd 1950, an unusually early date; moths plentiful at light in July 1951,
both sexes but predominantly S $ — N.B. 1951 appears to have been
a particularly good year for avellana (C.-H.); $ flying by day, 1960
<D. Youngs). Warehorne (Scott, 1936). West Ashford, one 1961 (M.
Enfield).

13. Free Heath, Tunbridge Wells, one (Knipe, 1916). Goudhurst,
one 1960 (W. V. D. Bolt).

Variation. — In RCK are the following named aberrations:
ochracea Seitz, Chattenden, 1896; avellana Kirby, N. Kent, Chattenden;
maculata Seitz, N. Kent; suffusa Seitz, Ashford, 1895, Rev. E. B.
Brackenbury; asella Esp., Ashford, 1895, Rev. E. B. Brackenbury.

First Record, 1794: Phalaena funalis “On the 16th of August, I
shook the Caterpillar from one of the high branches of an oak-tree, in
Darent wood, Kent. The fly came forth on the 12th of July, 1794”
(Donovan, Nat. Hist. Br. Ins., 3: 10).

Heterogenea asella Denis & Schiffermiiller : Triangle.

Native. Woods; foodplant unknown [but probably oak] .

Note: So far as I am aware, all the asella so far recorded from
Kent have been at light, and in or along the borders of Long Rope,
Orlestone (C.-H.).

12. Orlestone Woods June 18th 1934 (see First Record), $ at light
June 30th 1935 (A. J. L. Bowes); July 25th ($), 30th ($), 31st ($)
1951, July 27th (2 rather worn $ $) 1956; all at light (C.-H.); $ at m.v.l.,
June 27th 1952 (Wild, Ent. Rec., 64: 262); $ at light June 28th 1952
(E. J. Hare); one July 25th 1954 (W. D. Bowden); $, 2, July 18th
1960, one July 14th 1962 (P. Cue MS.); July 16th (4), 19th (6), 23rd (2)
1969, July 7th 1970 (16); all at m.v.l. (B. Skinner); one July 14th 1971
(B. Elliott); July 22nd 1971 (1 ^,5 $ $ taken, and about six others
seen, all at light), July 1972 (2) (C. G. Bruce); July 13th 1977 ($) (R.
Fairclough).

First Record, 1934: Orlestone Woods, Ham Street, at light June
18th 1934, a S which escaped (A. J. L. Bowes, Diary).

SESIIDAE

Sesiinae

Sesia apiformis Clerck : Hornet Moth.

Resident, perhaps native. Waysides, hedgerows, woods, etc.; on
Populus nigra [and P. tremula]. Doubtless overlooked in many localities.
Perhaps absent from the chalk.

1. Sydenham, one, June 29th 1899, in A. M. Swain coll. (C.-H.).
Hartford (V.C.H., 1908); fairly common 1953, one 1954 (B. K. West).
Bexley, “A row of trees near my house was almost killed by this
species” (Newman, Trans. Lond. nat. Hist. Soc., 1914: 44). West Wick-
ham, one c. 1950 (G. V. Owen teste R. F. Birchenough).

2. Graveney near Faversham, common in poplars surrounding hop-
fields (H. C. Huggins).

3. Selling, common (H. C. Huggins). Herne Bay, one in Avenue
Road, June 21st 1930 (H. M. Bowes teste A. J. L. Bowes); on poplar
trees in Canterbury Road, June 20th 1940 (T. A. Bowes teste A. J. L.
Bowes). Broad Oak, one c. 1937 (S. Morris).

6. Gravesend, a larva (H. C. Huggins).

6a. Darenth Wood, 1836 (Norman, Ent. Mag., 4: 155). Chattenden
Roughs, uncommon (Chaney, 1884-87).

8. Dover district* (Webb, 1899: 110).

1 11. Wateringbury {V.C.H., 1908).

12. Near Ashford, twelve pupae in poplar trunks (Russell, Ent.

1 week. Int., 3: 19). Orlestone Woods, two, June 17th 1950 (E. H. Wild);

I one, July 1st 1954, “found crawling on the ground near aspen at 2.30

; p.m.” (R. F. Bretherton), one taken by Mrs. A. M. Massee, July 5th

j| 1959 (M. G. Morris).

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16. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Folkestone Town, occurred on a
poplar tree cut down pre. 1927 (Dr. Gifford Nash per A. M. Morley).

First Record, 1836: Norman, Ent. Mag., 4: 155.

Sphecia bembeciformis Heubner : Lunar Hornet Moth.

Native. Woods, sallow carr, osier beds, etc.; on Salix spp. (including

S. caprea), Populus nigra.

I. West Wickham Wood, bred from sallow stump (Douglas,
Zoologist, 3182); one, June 1858 (Drury, Ent. week. Int., 4: 117). Farn-
borough* (W. Barnes in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley district, rare (L. W.
Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Dartford Heath, April 23rd 1886, many
old burrows in sallows (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.) (Eltham {Trans. Cy.
Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1898: 57) and Joyden’s Wood {Wool. Surv.,
1909) may refer). Joyden’s Wood, a few burrows in sallow stumps,
January 28th 1912 (A. R. Kidner). Petts Wood, $ ovipositing on Salix
caprea, August 4th 1902 (Palmer, Ent. Rec., 14: 342-343). St. Mary’s
Cray, 1919, one bred from larva (S. F. P. Blyth).

3. Herne Bay, 1930, a small colony in the poplars bordering the
Canterbury Road, four specimens taken by T. A. Bowes in July, not
seen since (A. J. L. Bowes).

4. Minster, one 1902, four 1903, one 1904, bred by J. P. Barrett
in J. P. Barrett coll. (C.-H.).

5. Chevening, bred July 6th 1918, July 27th 1919, from sallow
stems cut in the woods (F. Gillett, Diary).

6. Gravesend district, larvae in sallow stakes cut by woodcutters in
all local woods, very common, Clay Lane Wood, March-April 1912,
1913-15, one, January 29th 1914 (F. T. Grant).

6a. Darenth Wood, 1817 (Stephens, Haust., 1: 138). Chattenden
Roughs (Chaney, 1884-87). Swanscombe Woods, seven larvae, January
23rd 1914, thirteen larvae, January 26th 1914, four larvae, February 3rd
1914; Stone Wood, 1913 (F. T. Grant).

7. Chatham, among willows on Maidstone Road (Chaney, 1884-87).
Hucking near Sittingbourne, imago on grass stem, July 16th 1917; larva
common in sallows (H. C. Huggins).

8. Folkestone Warren, one depositing on sallow (Knaggs, 1870).
Folkestone*, July 1899 (Butler, Entomologist, 32: 278). Bridge, c. 1946
(R. Gorer).

II. Maidstone district, “larvae common in sallow stems, so much
so that nearly every hop pole cut from sallow trees show traces of their
work” (Reid, S.E. Nat., 1904: 50). Wateringbury, four 1907, seventeen
1908, bred by E. Goodwin in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.). Maidstone, four
larvae, December 27th 1911 (F. T. Grant). Oaken Wood, Barming
(A. M. Massee).

12. Ham Street Woods (Scott, 1936). Brook (C. A. W. Duffield)
(Scott, 1950). Hothfield, April 6th 1967, a full-fed larva in sallow found
by E. A. Sadler (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 80: 124).

13. Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan).

15. [Appledore] , plentiful in a small osier bed, July 1898 (Heitland,
Entomologist , 31: 222).

16. Folkestone Town, one June 27th 1945 (E. D. Bostock per
A. M. Morley).

First Record, 1828: Stephens, loc. cit.

Aegeriinae

Paranthrene tabaniformis Rottemburg : Dusky Clearwing.

Resident, perhaps extinct. Woods, etc.; [on poplar].

1. “I have obtained it from the neighbourhood of Bexley and
from Birch-wood” (Stephens, Haust., 1: 139).

[8. Dover district* (Webb, 1899: 110).]

12. Ashford. — $, taken near Ashford, 1858 (Stevens’ Sale

Cat. of W. O. Hammond coll., 29.x. 1869, p. 4, lots 17, 18). Two exhibited
by H. M. Edelsten {Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1908: 7);
Edelsten told me {in litt. 22.1.1953, 28. iv. 1955) that these were sent him
by W. R. Jeffrey who took them freshly emerged on poplar trunks near
Ashford c. 1887 (C.-H.). ^ in Dale coll., labelled “Ashford, Kent, from
Dr. Harper’s coll., Briggs’ coll., 1891 {Ent. mon. Mag., 43:158). In

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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RCK is one labelled “Taken at Ashford, Kent”, ex P. B. Mason coll.,
bought by E. A. Cockayne at B. H. Smith coll, sale, Debenham & Storr,
6.ii.l947 (C.-H.).

[15. In RCK is one labelled “Bilsington taken by G. Wigan June
21st 1872 Rev. H. Burney’s colln.” Believed dubious cf. Ent. Rec., 4:
326, 21: 295 (C.-H.).]

First Record, 1828: Stephens, loc. cit.

Synanthedon salmachus L. : tipuliformis Clerck : Currant Clearwing.

Resident. Gardens, plantations; in the stems and twigs of black-
currant, redcurrant, whitecurrant, gooseberry.

Goss (V.C.H., 1908) has “Generally common in gardens”; but this
statement would not apply today as the species is appreciably less
numerous in Kent than it used to be. It was, moreover, formerly
troublesome in nursery plantations, but even by the beginning of the
century it had become less so owing no doubt to increased use of
pesticides. Thus, as far back as 1907, Theobald, J.S.E. Agr. Coll., JVye,
1907 (16), 77) observed that it “still persists in plantations in Kent, but
the damage it does now is very slight”.

The larvae seem to favour blackcurrant, and there are many records
of them on this. Theobald (loc. cit.) states that “they now and again
attack the red and white varieties”; and the same observer (J.S.E.
Agric. Coll., Wye, 1906 (15), 73) cites two reports of the larva being
found in Kent, in February 1906, on gooseberry.

1. Lewisham, 1882 (Marriott, Young Nat., 4 (38), 48). Brockley
(Turner, Ent. Rec., 1: 349). Lee, July 1st 1894 (took 22) (Fenn, Diary).
Westcombe Park; Greenwich; Bexley; Catford; Farnborough; Black-
heath; Beckenham (Wool. Surv., 1909). Sidcup, several empty pupae in
currant stems, June 1912 (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Chislehurst, several
larvae in currant stems, April 1915 (S. F. P. Blyth). Lessness Woods
(Newell, Trans. Plumstead Dist. nat. Hist. Soc., 1931-32: 12). Sydenham,
June 1930 (5), July 1934 (1), all from Attwood’s coll. (S. Wakely).
Blackheath (Enefer, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1926-27: 106);
in garden in recent years, c. 1955, but not common (A. A. Allen).
Hartford, 1947, fairly common (B. K. West). Petts Wood, 1949, larvae
in stems of currant (A. M. Swain). Abbey Wood, at m.v.l., 1953 (C.
Hards teste A. J. Showier). Slades Green, one taken July 18th 1954
(Hards, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1954-55: 87). West Wickham,
seen most years in the garden since about 1969, e.g. one at rest on
redcurrant, June 16th 1974; two pairs in cop., June 29th 1974; one
empty extruded pupa on a whitecurrant (D. S. Burrows); one flying
about and settling on redcurrant, July 7th 1977 (C.-H.). [“Keston and
Downe” (Birchenough, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1953: 145) is
erroneous (R. F. Birchenough).]

2. Greenwich*, 1864, 1866, 1867 (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 170). Abbey
Wood Marshes, one July 19th 1959 (J. F. Burton).

3. Canterbury City, common (J. A. Parry). Whitstable, 1941 (1) in
P. F. Harris coll. (C.-H.).

4. Ickham, one 1958 (D. G. Marsh).

5. Westerham (R. C. Edwards).

6. Gravesend, larvae in twigs and stems of black, red and white
currant bushes, March 17th 1911, February 5th 1915, January 18th 1916,
November 2nd 1924; imagines June 12th, 16th 1911, June 11th, 18th,
19th, 21st, 22nd 1912, June 18th 1913, June 11th 1915, June 17th 1918
(F. T. Grant).

6a. Darenth, July 5th 1860, very common in garden of Fox and
Hounds (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.).

7. Chatham*, occurs sparingly (Crozier, Nat. Hist. Rev., 5: 127);
common, gardens (Chaney, 1884-87).

8. Dover, two July 12th 1899 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary); June 22nd
1933, June 20th 1934, at Archcliff Fort (J. H. B. Lowe); one in garden,
June 30th 1935 (G. H. Youden).

9. Ramsgate (Theobald, J.S.E. Agric. Coll. Wve, 1907 (16), 77).
Birchington, two 1927 (C.-H.). Broadstairs, 1956 (N. Thorn).

10. Brasted, in garden (R. M. Prideaux). Sevenoaks, June 20th
1921, June 11th 1922 (F, Gillett, Diary). Stone Street, 1948, 60% of

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gooseberry cuttings in a nursery bed were infested by the larvae (Massee,
Rep. E. Mailing Res. Stn., 1951: 155).

11. Wateringbury, 1906 (bred), in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.). Mere-
worth, 1907; Tonbridge, 1907 (Theobald, J.S.E. Agric. Coll, Wye, 1907
(16), 77). Tonbridge (^Rattray, Entomologist, 48: 10). Loddington, 1951;
Lynsted, 1951; E. Mailing, 1951 (Massee, Rpt. E. Mailing Res. Stn.,
1951: 155). Edenbridge, 1930 (F. D. Greenwood). Maidstone, one July
1st 1958 (E. Philp).

12. Wye* (Scott, 1936); not common, chiefly in blackcurrant bushes
(Scott, 1964). Willesborough, a few moths seen and one taken, 1957
(M. Singleton).

13. Tunbridge Wells, not common (Knipe, 1916).

14. Tenterden, common (Stainton, Man., 1: 1()6). Appledore, July
1898 (Heitland, Entomologist, 31: 221). Sandhurst, one June 18th 1947
(G. V. Bull, Diary).

16. Folkestone, “used to occur freely in the gardens attached to
the old ‘White House’, no doubt common in town gardens” (Knaggs,
1870). Folkestone Town (A. M. Morley).

First Record, 1856: Tenterden (Stainton, Man., 1: 106).

S. vespiformis L. : Yellow-legged Clearwing.

Native. Woods, parkland, waysides; in oak, birch, elm, Spanish
chestnut, cherry.

1. West Wickham, $ June 1st 1859 (H. Tompkins, Diary). Burnt
Ash Lane, Lee, two moths at rest on oak leaves, 1870; Greenwich Park,
one (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 170). Bexley district (L. W. Newman in
Wool. Surv., 1909). Joydens Wood( C. Fenn in Wool. Surv., 1909).
Abbey Wood, c. 1916 (S. J. Marriott, in Juby & Hards, 1925). Chisle-
hurst, larvae in oak stumps, April 25th 1945 (S. F. P. Bylth). Bromley,
larvae in elm (S. N. A. Jacobs). Beckenham (Birchenough in de Worms,
Lond. Nat., 1953: 145). Hartford, larvae, 1953 (B. K. West).

2. Sittingbourne and Faversham, larvae in oaks (H. C. Huggins).

3. Blean Woods, larvae, April 24th 1912; 32 larvae, March 27th
1915 (F. T. Grant); larva in birch stump, early April 1927, reared
(Huggins, Entomologist, 60: 212); $ June 23rd 1946 (de Worms, Ento-
mologist, 80: 10); a moth on an oak stump, August 1954 (A. A. Allen);
a few larvae dug out from bark of oaks, April 6th 1967 (Wakely, Ent.
Rec., 80: 124). Pine Wood, larvae in oak stump, 1946 (C.-H.).

6. Gravesend (H. C. Huggins). Clay Lane Wood, larvae under bark
of stumps of oaks cut down 12 months, March 26th 1912, May 5th
1912 (12), February 22nd 1913, April 19th 1913 (F. T. Grant).

6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 1: 142); May 1858 (Harding,
Ent. week. Int., 6: 75); March 7th (larva), April 25th (larva) 1925,
February 13th (larva), April 10th (larva) 1926 (F. T. Grant). Chattenden
Roughs, larvae and pupae common in oaks (Chaney, 1884-87). Cobham
Woods, larva May 19th 1919 (F. T. Grant).

7. Sittingbourne and Faversham, larvae in oaks (H. C. Huggins).
Challock (Scott, 1936); larva in Spanish chestnut (Scott, 1964). West well,
larva in cherry (Scott, 1964).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Dover district, “in all woods” (Webb,
1891). Dover, 1906 (2) in H. D. Stockwell coll. (C.-H.). Woolwich Wood
(E. & Y., 1949).

10. Westerham, larva in Spanish chestnut, moths bred (Coote &
Jacobs, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1937-38: 37).

11. Tonbridge, 120 larvae, March-April 1914 (Rattray, Entomologist,
48: 10). Shipborne, in P. A. & D. J. A. Buxton coll. (C.-H.). Great
Chart, one June 7th 1919, C. E. Miller (C.-H. coll.).

12. Warehorne, August 8th 1936 (CJ. V. Bull, Diary)-, Ham Street
(Scott, 1936) may refer. Ham Street, young larvae September 1939 in
stumps of oaks cut winter 1938-39 (A. J. L. Bowes); five netted, June
24th 1972 (Withers, Ent. Rec., 85: 171).

13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 1: 105). Tunbridge Wells (1908, South,
Moths of Br. Isles, first edition, 2: 356).

16. Sandgate, August 5th 1936 (Major Hill teste A. M. Morley).

First Record, 1828: Stephens, loc. cit.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(193)

Conopia spheciformis Denis & Schiffermuller : White-barred Clearwing.

Resident, perhaps native. Woods, carr; in alder.

Note: Doubtless overlooked; possibly far more widespread and

frequent in the Weald than the records show.

[1. Bexley (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1964: 32).]

[8. Dover district (Webb, 1899: 110).]

12. East Kent* (? Ashford district). May 1907, a “search for larvae
of Aegeria spheciformis was fruitless, but I found one old mine which
proved that the insect existed in the locality, and I must try there
again” (Reid, Ent. Rec., 20: 12). Gibbons Brook, very old burrows
in alder shoots found by A.M.M., June 17th 1950 (A. M. Morley). Ham
Street Woods, an imago taken flying in bright sun. May 28th 1953
(Leech, Ent. Gaz., 5: 227; idem, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1954-55: 35).

13. Cranbrook, 1903 (1), 1911 (1, bred), 1912 (1, bred, Goodwin);
all in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.).

First (Confirmed) Record, 1903: Cranbrook (E. Goodwin).

C. flaviventris Staudinger : Sallow Clearwing.

Resident, perhaps native. Woods, gravel pits; in sallow.

Note: A biennial species whose imago is produced in even years.
Huggins {Entomologist, 6: 233) states that one thing appears necessary
— a place where the sallows are not cut down periodically, since his
were all found in old trees of many years’ growth. He adds that in his
experience it is scarce and hard to find.

3. Blean, three larvae, one reared July 2nd 1928 (Huggins, loc.

cit.).

1. Syndale Gravel Pit, near Faversham, two larvae 1927 (Huggins,
loc. cit.).

12. In the “south part of Ham Street Woods”, August (1930), a
number of galls from which the moths had hatched (H. B. Williams in
litt.; idem, Ent. Rec., 43: 38). Old burrows and a living larva at Ham
Street (Scott, 1936, 1964).

First Record, 1928: Huggins, loc. cit.

C. anthraciniformis Esper : andrenaeformis Laspeyres : Orange-tailed
Clearwing.

Native. Chalk downs, scrubby places on the chalk; in Viburnum
lantana, V. opulus.

1. Joydens Wood, January 28th 1912, a few larvae in V. lantana',
old burrows, plentiful (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Bexley; Wilmington (L. T.
Ford).

5. Chevening, one bred March 31st 1917 (Gillett, Diary). Green
Street Green, a larva in V. lantana, bred August 1948 (C.-H.k Wester-
ham (R. C. Edwards). Near Leaves Green, June 8th 1949, one infected
stem (W. A. Cope).

6. Greenhithe* (see First Record)', “I captured a male in a lane
near Greenhithe (in 1846) (Harding, Zoologist, 1515); a male taken
near the station, July 1872 (Bryant, Entomologist, 6: 565). Gravesend,
one taken settled on a leaf of Cornus sanguinea, July 17th 1901
(Huggins, Entomologist, 34:255); larval borings, April 27th 1911,
February 19th 1912, March 2nd 1913, February 18th 1925 (F. T. Grant).
Strood district*, 19()7 (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 19: 213). Rochester district*,
1908, two moths bred (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 21: 31). Clay lane Wood,
larval borings, March 4th 1915; Meopham, larval borings, March 4th
1915; Upper Wrotham Road, larval borings, January 20th 1924; Single-
well Road, larval borings, November 30th 1924, eight larvae (three in
one stick), March 30th 1926 (F. T. Grant). Eynsford (H. E. Hammond).
Shoreham, larvae (S. F. P. Blyth). Otford, about April 7th 1948, two
inhabited borings in about two hours’ work (W. A. Cope). Longfield,
one moth taken July 22nd 1956 (G. G. E. Scudder).

6a. Darenth Wood, one beaten from dogwood by Mr. Thorne, the
second British specimen; one by B. Standish, the fourth British specimen
(Meek, Ent. mon. Mag., 10: 161). Swanscombe Wood, one exhibited by
E. G. Meek on 14.i.l878 at West London Entomological Soc. {Ent. mon.
Mag., 14: 240). “I captured a specimen . . . crawling over privet blossom

(194)

entomologist’s record, VOL. 90

15/IV/78

in a well-known locality [?Chattenden] in Kent”* (in 1890) (Tutt, Ent.
Rec., 1: 100). Chattenden (V.C.H., 1908).

7. Burham, an old burrow in V. opulus. May 19th 1911 (Milman,
Entomologist, 44; 252). Sittingbourne; Faversham; Charing; Holling-
bourne (H. C. Huggins). Westwell, common c. 1945, now very scarce
(Scott, 1964).

8. Between Dover and Folkestone, one taken c. 1858 “hovering
over a clump of dogwood” (Wratislaw, Entomologist, 4: 214). Folke-
stone, one taken 1878, in P. B. Mason coll, sale {Entomologist, 38: 114).
Dover, July 10th {$), 14th (^, $) 1889 (Davis, Entomologist, 22:211).
Folkestone Warren, and inland (Webb, 1891). Dover, “has been taken
in the district to the number of a dozen” (Webb, 1899). Shepherdswell
{V.C.H., 1908). Wye, larva (H. C. Huggins). Brook; Stowting (C. A. W.
Duffield). Folkestone, April 4th 1948 (de Worms, Entomologist, 82: 122).
Ashford district, “Widely distributed over the Downs and sometimes
elsewhere. It is not nearly so common as a few years ago” (Scott,
1936). Dover district, “The mines of the larvae can be found in the
wayfaring tree wherever the latter is well established” (E. & Y., 1949).

11. Tunbridge Wells district*, scarce (R. H. Rattray in Knipe,
1916).

First Record, 1832: Sesia allantiformis sp. nov. . . . “the only
British specimen of this insect that I have ever seen or heard of was
taken at Greenhithe by Mr. Chant”, in July 1829 (Newman, Ent. Mag.,
1: 80).

C. myopaeformis Borkhausen : Red-belted Clearwing.

Resident, probably native. Old gardens, derelict orchards, woods; in
the wood of cultivated apple, crab apple, pear, almond and peach.
“Common in gardens and among wild crab trees” {V.C.H., 1908).

1. Blackheath neighbourhood (see First Record). Lee, August 3rd
1874; larva among crab apple, July 3rd 1887 and July 25th 1888 (Fenn,
Lep. Data MS.); larvae and pupae. May 3rd-10th 1896 (Fenn, Diary);
one, July 22nd 1974, in m.v. trap (C. G. Bruce). Lewisham, 1872 (West,
Ent. Rec., 18: 143). Eltham {V.C.H., 1908). Generally distributed and
common in apple and pear trees in gardens (J. W. Tutt in Wool. Surv.,
1909). Greenwich (J. W. Tutt, Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley district, fairly
common (L. W. Newman in Wool. Surv., 1909). Blackheath (C. Fenn
in Wool. Surv., 1909). Dartford, common in a pear-tree in a garden,
1910-11 (H. C. Huggins); June 7th, 8th 1952, June 18th 1953, June 6th
1954; also larvae in these years on apple, pear and almond; a pupa in
almond tree in 1960 (B. K. West). (7hislehurst, one August 15th 1915
(S. F. P. Blyth). Lessness Woods (Newell, Trans. Plumstead and District
nat. Hist. Soc., 1931-32: 12). Swanley, October 1938, peach trees, larvae
in the main stems confirmed as this species (Massee, Rpt. E. Mailing
Res. Stn., 1938: 182). Hayes, c. 1943 (S. N. A. Jacobs). Beckenham,
1950 (1), 1951 (1) (Birchenough in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1953: 144).
Blackheath, one in garden off bush under apple tree, April 20th 1959
(A. Al Ak.llcn)

2. Sheerness, one 1868 (J. J. Walker MS.). Sheppey, 1873, pupae
and imagines (Hodgson, Ent. rnon. Mag., 10: 180); June 20th (2), 29th
(1) 1909, in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.). Hoo, a severe infestation in 1938
(Massee, Rpt. E. Mailing Res. Stn., 1950: 143).

6. Strood, abundant in apple orchards (Porritt, Naturalist, 6: 118);
1905, from “an old apple tree in my garden . . . kept emerging from
late June till mid-July. About two or three dozen were captured, but
scores got off to dance in the sunshine round the tree top” (Ovenden,
Ent. Rec., 18: 18). Gravesend, larva and imago on pear in gardens
(H. C. Huggins); common in old apple orchards; larvae March-April
1912; imagines 1927, 1934, 1936 (F. T. Grant).

6a. Darenth Wood, 1836 (Norman, Ent. Mag., 4: 155).

7. Rochester district* (Chaney, 1884-87).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880).

9. Minster, one taken (in 1888) by S. C. Cockerell (Cockerell,
Entomologist, 21: 322). Margate, nine in J. P. Barrett coll, taken or bred
in 1901, 1902, 1904, 1905, 1906 (C.-H.).

11. Wateringbury, several in E. Goodwin coll, bred 1907 (C.-H.).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(195)

Tonbridge, not rare (Rattray, Entomologist, 48; 10). Maidstone, July 14th

1916 (F. T. Grant). Yalding, “a very bad infestation was seen in a
standard orchard of Lord Derby” apples in May 1951 (Massey, Rpt.
E. Mailing Res. Stn., 1951: 156).

13. Goudhurst, one 1954 (W. V. D. Bolt).

First Record, 1831: Blackheath neighbourhood (Davis, Mag. Nat.
Hist., 5:248).

C. formicaeformis Esper : Red-tipped Clearwing.

Native. Marshes, boggy places, osier beds; in Salix.

1. Forest Hill, one amongst Salix triandra, June 17th 1858
(M’Lachlan, Ent. week. Int., 4: 100). Lee, one sitting on light trap,
July 22nd 1974t (C. G. Bruce). [Farnborough* (Hill and Mellon,
Macrolepidoptera of the Bromley District, 15), wants confirmation
(C.-H.).]

2. Hartford Marshes, July 20th 1887, one swept up among osiers
(Fenn, Diary). Plumstead, on osier, 1879 (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 170).
Locally abundant in osier beds and willows on the Thames’ marshes
(J. W. Tutt in Wool. Surv., 1909). Newington, near Sittingbourne, two
larvae in osiers, 1922; Faversham, larva not uncommon in osier bed,
four moths bred 1927 (H. C. Huggins).

4. Sandwich, 1902 (1, bred), June 1905 (2, bred); Minster, 1904 (4,
bred); all in J. P. Barrett coll. (C.-H.). Stodmarsh, 1915, one bred from
cocoon found inside bark of willow (H. G. Gomm, Diary).

6a. Darenth Wood (see First Record).

8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Dover district* (Webb, 1899: 110).
12. Ham Street Woods, May 30th 1948, one taken by H. B. D.
Kettlewell (Scott, 1950), is in RCK (C.-H.). Hothfield Bog, larva in
sallow stem (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 80: 124).

First Record, 1837: Darenth Wood, taken by members of the
Society of Practical Entomologists between June 20th and July 11th
1836 (Norman, Ent. Mag., 4: 155).

Aegeria culiciformis L. : Large Red-belted Clearwing.

Native. Woods; in birch.

1. West Wickham, one. May 17th 1857; upwards of 30 specimens
taken. May 30th 1858 (Healy, Ent. week. Int., 2: 75, 4: 83); plentiful,
1859 (Rogers, Ent. week. Int., 6: 82); two, June 14th 1887 (F. W.
Frohawk, Diary). Rowhill Wood, Bexley (Bird, Proc. ent. Soc. Lond.,
1874: xxiii). Joydens Wood; Chislehurst; Shooters Hill (C. Fenn in
Wool. Surv., 1909). Chislehurst, larvae common in birch stumps (S. F. P.
Blyth). Joydens Wood, plentiful in birch stumps, January 28th 1912
(A. R. Kidner, Diary). Bexley, “by far the commonest Sesia in my
district ...” (Newman, Trans. Lond. nat. Hist. Soc., 1914:46); bred

1917 (F. Gillen, Diary). Abbey Wood (Juby & Hards, 1925: 66). Bromley,
pupa May 14th, moth emerged May 22nd 1950 (D. Lanktree). Hayes
Common, common in birch stumps, 1947-48 (D. F. Owen & J. F.
Burton).

3. Blean Woods, June 3rd 1866 (Fenn, Diary); larva and imago
(H. C. Huggins). Bysing Wood (H. C. Huggins). Clowes Wood, April
29th 1939, pupae in 3 year-old birch stumps (A. J. L. Bowes). Oldridge
Wood, pupae frequent, c. 1945 (J. A. Parry). Kemberland, April 9th
1950, noted about 20 larvae and 10 pupae in birch stumps; May 13th
1950, about 10 empty pupae sticking out of birch stumps, an abundance
of borings and I cut some stumps containing pupae from which I bred
more than a dozen moths, the first emerging on May 17th 1950 (C.-H.).
Church Wood, Blean, June 21st 1977 (T. W. Harman).

5. Farnborough* (W. Barnes in Wool. Surv., 1909).

6. Gravesend (A. H. Davis teste Stephens, Haust., 1: 143); (Button,
Entomologist, 5: 221). Clay Lane Wood, larvae, March 9th, April 2nd
1912, January 22nd 1913, January 24th, 27th 1914 (F. T. Grant).

6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 1: 143); many subsequent
records from here in the literature (C.-H.); 1913, 1925-26 (F. T. Grant).
Chatham district* [?Chattenden] (Crozier, Nat. Hist. Rev., 5: 127).
Chattenden (Chaney, 1884-87); 1895 (Batlley, North London Nat. Hist.
Soc. per Ent. Rec., 7:22).

(196) entomologist’s record, vol. 90 15/IV/78

7. Westwell, larvae December 1951 (E. W. Classey teste Scott,
1964). Molash (S. Wakely teste Scott, 1964).

8. Folkestone* (see Variation); (Ullyett, 1880)*. Woolwich Wood,
one June 4th 1906, eight pupae May 29th 1907, a few pupae May 29th
1907, a few pupae May 6th 1923 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary). Lord’s
Wood, 1936 (E. & Y., 1949).

10. Westerham, May 8th 1937, larvae in birch (Coote and Jacobs,
Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1937-38; 37).

11. Wateringbury, bred 1908-11, in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.).
Tonbridge, larvae almost as common as those of S. vespiformis
(Rattray, Entomologist, 48: 10). Cemetery Wood, Maidstone, larva
December 29th 1918 (F. T. Grant).

12. Orlestone Woods, May 30th 1950, two taken by David Smith
of Folkestone (C.-H.); three. May 16th 1959 (Scott, Proc. S. Lond. ent.
nat. Hist. Soc., 1959: 77); one, June 4th 1960, sitting on Viburnum
(B. Skinner).

13. Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan).

Variation. — The following have been recorded. Ab. albocingulata
Cockayne: holotype ^ , Folkestone, 1875, W. Purdey (Cockayne, Ent.
Gaz., 6: 3); West Wickham, one taken by C. Linton, May 30th 1858
(Healy, Ent. week. Int., 4: 83); West Wickham, one taken by G. Hewitt,
June 5th 1859 (Hopley, Ent. mon. Mag., 4: 183); one, June 14th 1887
(Frohawk, Entomologist, 21: 192, 210-11; Frohawk, Diary). Ab. flavo-
cingulata Spuler: Rowhill Wood, Bexley, one yellow-banded ab. to

every 25 with red band (Bird, loc. cit.); Wateringbury, bred 1908, in
E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.); Bexley (Newman, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1909:7); Kemberland, one bred 1950 (Chalmers-Hunt, Proc.

S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist Soc., 1954-55: 21).

First Record, 1828: Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 1: 143).

Bembecia scopigera Scopoli ; ichneumoniformis D. & S. :

Six-belted Clearwing.

Native. Chalk downs and rough chalky places, sand pits, railway
banks, cliffs; foodplant unknown.

1. Charlton Pit (see First Record); July 17th 1845, many taken
during the past fortnight including sixteen by Mr. Shepherd in one
afternoon (T. Ingall, Diary per South, Entomologist, 28: 43); “I took
two dozen one afternoon” (H. J. Harding per Webb, Entomologist,
16: 128); much rarer now (1851) than formerly (Douglas, Zoologist,
3129); used to be taken at Charlton sand-pit (Stainton, Man., 1: 104).
Forest Hill, several 1858 (Button, Ent. week. Int., 4: 156). Lee, 1877,
one by sweeping the railway-bank (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 170). Grove
Park, one on the railway bank, August 15th 1885 (Fenn, Diary).

2. Sheppev, a pair on the cliffs, 1872 (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag.,
9; 162).

6. Eynsford, one taken July 3rd 1892 (L. T. Ford). Cuxton, July 1st
(1), 6th (1) 1893 (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 4: 249, 275); 1909 (H. C. Huggins).
Birling, 1906 (H. C. Huggins).

7. Great Culand Pit, Eccles, two June 21st 1964 (S. Wakely); several
June 24th, two July 9th 1966 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 79: 69, 70); seven,
July 7th 1966 (G. A. N. Davis); ^ flying low over ground at about
3 p.m., $ at rest on dead flower-head of carline thistle, June 30th 1968
(C.-H.).

8. Folkestone*, 1858 (Drury, Ent. week. Int., 4; 102); two, July 16th
1858 (Mitford, Ent. week. Int., 4: 146); eleven, July 15-18th 1859 (H.
Tompkins, Diary); four, end July 1865 (Knaggs, Ent. Ann., 1866: 151);
in the Warren (1865) (Meek, Ent. mon. Mag., 2: 210); 1866 (Meek,
Ent. Ann., 1867: 150); occurred freely, 1869 (Standish, Entomologist,
4: 323); W. J. Austen said it had been common in the Warren (1893)
(Fenn, Diary); 1896 (H. S. Fremlin); 1898, 1899 (Butler, Entomologist,
31:243, 32:278); July 8th (3), 10th (1), 11th (1) 1912, at places widely
separated (Rait-Smith, Ent. Rec., 25: 174); one in the Warren, July
10th 1946 (Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1946-47: 36);
June 27th 1953 (Webb, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist Soc., 1953-54: 83).
Kingston (Morris, Br. Moths, 1: 21). Dover; Deal; Canterbury (V.C.H.,
1908). St. Margarets Bay, 1922 (H. C. Huggins). Brook, one, July 1948
(C. A. W. Duffield teste E. Scott).

THE BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS OF KENT, VOLUME 3 (197)

9. Ramsgate; Margate (V.C.H., 1908).

[14. Tenterden (Morris, loc. cit.); an unlikely locality (C.-H.).]

16. Folkestone*, “occurs both to the east and west of the town”
(Knaggs, 1870: 14).

First Record, 1844: “A great number has been taken by sweeping
the herbage about the pit at Charlton; Messrs. Douglas, Stevens, Ingall
and Bedell were the fortunate captors” (Newman, Zoologist, 683).

B. chrysidiformis Esper : Fiery Clearwing.

Native. Rough ground and waste places, mostly on the chalk; on
Rumex acetosa, R. crispus, R. hydrolapathum.

3. Whitstable, one taken by S. N. A. Jacobs near the sea front, June
3rd 1944 (Jacobs, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1944-45: 6).
Milstrood, one taken at privet blossom about noon, July 6th 1946
(Harris, Entomologist, 81: 127).

8. Between Dover and Folkestone, July 1st 1836, “several about
Mallow flowers from the Rope Walk to the Shakespeare, [by] young
Leplastrier, who gave me mine” (Curtis, MS. Register per Walker, Ent.
mon. Mag., 40: 193; StaintJn, Ent. Ann., 1856: 29); one taken by J. A.
Brewer, June 25th 1855 (Stainton, Ent. Ann., 1856: 29).

Observed on many occasions since 1855, mostly in the Warren, and
according to Barrett (Lep. Br. Isles, 2: 103), writing in 1895, specimens
had been taken nearly every season since that year. The following
are among the more noteworthy records: One hovering over Echium,
July 18th 1856 (Hunter, Proc. ent. Soc. Lond., 1856: 22; idem, Ent.
week. Int., 1: 142). About sixty taken 1858-59 (Newman, Zoologist,
6732). One taken June 6th 1865 near the end of the tram-way in the
Warren (Nicholls, Ent. mon. Mag., 2: 44). The larva first discovered
by E. G. Meek (1869, Knaggs, Qtly. Jnl. Folkestone nat. Hist Soc.,
4: 73). The roots of dock and sorrel affected, sometimes contain four to
six larvae each (Tutt, Practical Hints, 1: 30). “I found the species
commonly in the Warren some fifteen or sixteen years ago, but it has
become much rarer of late years owing to the digging up of the dock
roots by London and Folkestone dealers with the object of breeding the
species” (H. Goss in V.C.H., 1908); as long ago as 1871, Ullyett {Ent.
mon. Mag., 8: 88) suggested that in consequence of this it had been
forced to take to sorrel (C.-H.). A. M. Morley told me that besides
sorrel {R. acetosa) and common dock {R. crispus), the old collectors
also found the larva in the great water dock (r. hydrolapathum), but
that the plant had long been extinct in the Warren (C.-H.). Dover (31iffs,
June 17th 1934 (J. H. B. Lowe). On July 2nd 1950, in the Warren, I
netted ten specimens between 2 and 5 p.m., flying in the hot sun over
sorrel; I also took singletons in different parts of the Warren, July 10th
1946 and July 7th 1951 (C.-H.). Warren, larvae in dock and sorrel, April
2nd 1974, from which sixteen moths were bred, including four from
one dock plant (B. Skinner).

[16. Folkestone district(?)*, the “Warren is supposed to be its only
locality in Britain, but I am glad to say this is not the case. My friend,
Mr. Hills of Folkestone, knows another locality for it” (Newman,
Trans. Lond. nat. Hist. Soc., 1914:47).]

Variation. — Specimens bred from dock are much larger and
brighter than those bred from sorrel (Meek, Ent. mon. Mag., 4: 13).
One large male bred “wanting the yellow belts” (Meek, loc. cit.) appears
referable to ab. gallica Bartel (C.-H.).

First (Published) Record, 1856: Stainton, Ent. Ann., 1856:29.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO VOL. 3
General

Those records hereunder which bear the following names but no
other references, were extracted by courtesy of E. G. Philp, from cards
in the Kent Biological Archives and Records Centre at Maidstone
Museum; — D. Batchelor; I. Beavis; Miss N. Bentley; M. E. Cooke;
W. Coster, D. Dey; M. A. Easterbrook; M. Enfield; P. J. Jewess; I.
Morgan; E. G. Philp; J. Platts; W. L. Rudland; C. Samson; I. A.
Watkinson; D. W. Webb; C. Wheeler; S. E. Whitebread; B. G. Withers.

(198)

THE BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS OF KENT, VOLUME 3

Species

A. notha Hbn.

p 1:

line 16 up — for “Oaak” read: Oak.

A, ononaria Fuessly
pp. 3-4 —

Sandwich Bay (div. 4), one, July 24 1967 (T. W. Harman); June
28 1970, flying in fair numbers by day (Chatelain and O’Keeffe,
Ent. Rec., 83: 42); July 6 1971 (S. E. Whitebread); twelve, June
25 1976 (Brown, Ent. Rec., 89: 116). Folkestone Warren (div. 8),
June 23 1976 (Whitebread, Ent. Rec., 89: 3); about eight, July 8
1977 (C.-H.).

P. pruinata Hufnagel
p. 4 —

Darenth Wood (div. 6a), June 12 1976 (J. Platts), an exceptionally
early date (C.-H.). Chattenden (div. 6a), June 26 1976 (Whitebread,
Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1977, 10 (1-2), 60).

G. papilionaria L.
p. 5 —

Dungeness (div. 15), July 20 1972 (S. E. Whitebread).

C. pustulata Hufnagel

p. 6-

Sittingbourne (div. 7), July 27 1974 (I. A. Watkmson).

H. aestivaria Hbn.
p. 7-

Dartford Heath (div. 1), a larva on sloe, bred (B. K. West).

T. fimbrialis Scopoli

p. 8:

lines 18-20 up — substitute the following: including several just

emerged, August 3-5 (C.-H.); 1967, at Boulderwall, July 11 (1),
13 (1), 19 (3), all at m.v.l.; 1968, at Boulderwall, July 19 (3),
21 (1), August 23 (1), all at m.v.l. (R. E. Scott).

p. 8-

Dungeness, 1969 (Fairclough, Ent. Rec., 82: 133); July 10 1970,
a few in tatters (Chatelain and O’Keeffe, Ent. Rec., 83: 44);
July 13 1972 (T. W. Harman).

H. chrysoprasaria Esper
p. 9 —

Otterham Quay (div. 2), August 13 1974 (D. Dey). East Farleigh
div. 11), July 13 1976; Maidstone (div. 11), July 22 1975 (I.
Morgan). Orlestone Forest (div. 12), July 7 1976 (D. Dey). Dunge-
ness (div. 15), July 9 1973 (S. Whitebread).

J. lactearia L.
p. 9 —

Heme (div. 3), larva beaten from sloe, August 1970, bred 1971
(B. S. Goodban).

C. annulate Schulze

p. 10 —

Higham( div. 6), August 18 1971; Chattenden (div. 6a), May 24
1973 (S. E. Whitebread). Willesborough (div. 12), August 20 1970
(W. L. Rudland).

C. albipunctata Hufnagel

p. 11:

line 1 up — for “second” read: third.

C. pupillaria Hbn.

p. 12-

R. A. French {in litt. 25.ii. 1970) writes that his record in Ento-
mologist, 95: 176 is erroneous: the record of one at Otford in 1959
should refer to the one taken there on August 22 1955.

Lee (div. 1), $ , October 20 1969, in m.v. trap (C. G. Bmce); West
Wickham (div. 1), $ , July 30 1976 (Chalmers-Hunt, Ent. Rec.,
88:267). Dover (div. 8), July 21 (S), 25 (S) 1966 (Youden, Ent.
Rec., 79: 60).

C. porata L.
p. 13 —

Willesborough (div. 12), August 27 1970 (W. L. Rudland).

THE BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS OF KENT, VOLUME 3

(199)

C. punctaria L.
p. 14 —

Darenth Wood (div. 6a), July 10 1976 (J. Plaits). Oaken Wood,
Barming (div. 11), August 6 1976 (C. Samson). Willesborough
(div. 12), August 20 1970 (W. L. Rudland).

C. linearia Hbn.
p. 15 —

Minster-in-Sheppey (div. 2), 1976-77 (G. N. Burton). Bayham Abbey
(div. 13), June 14 1974 (D. W. Webb).

S. nigropunctata Hufnagel
p. 17 —

Orlestone Woods (div. 12). — 1969: July 4 (2) (R. F. Birchenough);
July 16 (S), at m.v.l.. Long Rope by D. O’Keeffe and B. Skinner.
1970: July 7 (^) at m.v.l., Birchett; July 27 (^) at m.v.l.. Long
Rope (B. Skinner). 1971: July 20 (S. E. Whitebread). 1976: June
22 (3); July 6 (S), Long Rope (B. K. West); July 4-5 (2 S3)
at m.v.l., Birchett (B. Skinner). 1977: July 16 (1), August 1 (3),
5 (2), all in Long Rope (R. G. Chatelain).

S. ornata Scopoli
p. 17-

Button {Entomologist, 4: 152) states that it feeds on Origanum
vulgare in the Gravesend district.

S. rubiginata Hufnagel

p. 18 —

Sandwich Bay (div. 4), one at m.v.l., August 9 1969 (T. W.
Harman).

S. marginepimctata Goeze
p. 19 —

Cliffe (div. 2), June 10 1973 (S. Whitebread). Higham (div. 6),
August 16 1971 (S. E. Whitebread). Darenth Wood (div. 6a),
September 4 1974 (J. Platts). Woodstock (div. 7), June 25 1973
(I. A. Watkinson); Culand Pit (div. 7), July 16 1975 (P. J. Jewess);
Rainham (div. 7), July 29 1975 (D. Dey). East Mailing (div. 11),
August 14 1973 (M. E. Cooke).

S. emu t aria Hbn.

p. 21 —

Nagden (div. 2), fairly common, July 14 1968, but getting worn
(D. O’Keeffe); Higham (div. 2), June 21 1975 (Whitebread, Proc.
Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1976, 9 (1-2), 58). Stoke Saltings (div. 2),
June 25 1976 (Whitebread, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1976,
9 (3-4), 125). Boulderwall (div. 15), one in m.v. trap, July 27
1972 (R. E. Scott).

S. immutata L.

p. 21-22 —

Higham (div. 2), June 12 1972; Dungeness (div. 15), June 26 1972
(S. E. Whitebread).

/. serpentata Hufnagel
p. 23:

line 17 down — delete brackets.

I. vulpinaria H.-S.
p. 24-25 —

Bexley Heath (div. 1), some dozen feral larvae on Alyssum saxatile,
May 17 1974 (West, Ent. Rec., 86: 258-259), a most notable dis-
covery and apparently the first time the larva has been taken in a
state of nature (C.-H.). Aylesford (div. 2), July 26 1969 (E. G.
Philp); Cuxton (div. 2)*, July 1969 (C. Wheeler); Lower Rainham
(div. 2), July 30 1974 (D. Dey). Westbere (div. 3), one in garden,
June 28 1976 (T. W. Harman). Worth (div. 4), one, July 22 1967
(Harman, Ent. Rec., 80: 188). Higham (div. 6), July 18, 25 1972
(S. E. Whitebread). Darenth Wood (div. 6a), June 26 1976 (J.
Platts); Chattenden (div. 6a), June 26 1976 (Whitebread, Proc. Br.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1977, 10 (1-2), 60). Woodstock (div. 7), June
26 1973 (I. A. Watkinson). East Mailing (div. 11), July 14 1974
(M. E. Cooke).

I. sylvestraria Hbn.
p. 25 —

(200)

THE BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS OF KENT, VOLUME 3

[Bexley, 1966 (O’Keeffe, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1968: 120)
is based on misidentification (D. O’Keeffe, pers. comm.).]

I. subsericeata Haworth
pp. 27-28 —

Minster-in-Sheppey (div. 2), 1976-77 (G. N. Burton). Biggin Hill
(div. 5), one, June 12 1975 (C.-H.). Trottiscliffe (div. 6), May 28

1973 (S. E. Whitebread). Chattenden (div. 6a), June 10 1973 (S. E.
Whitebread). Swanscombe Wood (div. 6a), July 7 1977 (C.-H.).
Broad Street (div. 7), July 3 1976 (C. Samson). Olantigh (div. 8),
June 21 1976 (M. Enfield); Folkestone Warren (div. 8), June 23
1976 (S. E. Whitebread).

/. trigeminata Haworth
pp. 28-29 —

Darenth Wood, June 12 1976 (J. Platts). Platt (div. 11), June 23

1974 (E. G. Philp). Ham Street, at sugar, June 28 1955 (R. A.
Jackson, Diary). High Brooms (div. 13), July 22 1973 (I. Beavis).

/. emarginata L.
pp. 29-30 —

Minster-in-Sheppey (div. 2), 1976-77 (G. N. Burton). Chiddingstone
(div. 11), one, July 26 1975 (S. E. Whitebread).

/. aversata L.
p. 30 —

West Wickham (div. 1), one, October 13 1972 (C.-H.).

/. straminata Borkhausen
pp. 31-32 —

Dartford (div. 1), one, July 5 1977 (B. K. West). Oaken Wood,
Barming (div. 11), July 10 1976 (C. Samson).

R. sacraria L.
p. 33 —

1964: East Mailing (div. 11), September 6 (M. A. Easterbrook).
1971: Olantigh (div. 8), August 19 (M. Enfield). 1973: Pembury
(div. 13), July 6 (D. W. Webb); Higham (div. 6), August 20 (S. E.
Whitebread).

M. virgata Hufnagel
p. 34 —

Sandwich (div. 4), S. Wakely told me he took a larva on Galium
verum from which he bred the moth (C.-H.); larvae found in
abundance, July 26 1971, on flowers of G. mollugo and G. verum
by R. G. Chatelain and D. O’Keeffe from which was bred a
series (D. O’Keeffe in litt. 17.x. 1972).

O. vittata Borkhausen
p. 34:

line 18 up — “Orthonoma” read: Orthonama.
p. 34 —

Minster-in-Sheppey (div. 2), 1976-77 (G. N. Burton).

O. obstipata F.
pp. 35-36 —

Bexley (div. 1), July 17, August 16 1967 (French, Entomologist,
104:21). Worth (div. 4), July 27 (5), August 15 (^) 1967, August
10 (^) 1969 (T. W. Harman). East Mailing (div. 11), July 31 1967
(M. A. Easterbrook). Willesborough (div. 12), August 6 1970 (W. L.
Rudland); Ashford Town (div. 12), a few at light, 1967 (P. Cue);
Wye (div. 12)*, July 26, August 2, 25 1967 (French, loc. cit.).
Dungeness (div. 15), August 15 (^) 1967 (T. W. Harman); October
23 1971 (2) (R. E. Scott).

X. quadrifasciata Clerck
pp. 39-40 —

Dartford (div. 1), July 15 (1), 16 (1), 22 (1) 1971; July 27 1974
(1) (B. K. West). Darenth Wood (div. 6a), June 26 1976 (J. Platts);
Chattenden (div. 6a), June 26 1976 (Whitebread, Proc. Br. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1977, 10 (1-2), 60). Woodstock (div. 7), July 7 1973 (I. A.
Watkinson). Wye Crown (div. 8), July 18 1972 (B. G. Withers).
Nr. Hadlow (div. 11), July 8 1970 (Miss N. Bentley). Olantigh (div.
12), June 28 1976 (M. Enfield); Hothfield (div. 12), June 30 1974
(S. E. Whitebread); Willesborough (div. 12), July 16 1967 (W. L.
Rudland).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(201)

X. montanata D. & S.
p. 41 —

Dungeness (div. 15), June 26 1972 (S. E. Whitebread).

X. fluctuata L.
p. 41 —

West Wickham (div. 1), a larva September 10 1972, a larva August
20 1973, both in my garden on Cardamine hirsuta (C.-H.).

S. chenopodiata L.
p. 42 —

Kemp {Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1973, 5 (4), 144) exhibited
a bilateral gynandromorph, taken Cliffe Marshes (div. 2), July 14
1972.

5. luridata Hufnagel : plumbaria F.
p. 43 —

Culand Pit (div. 7), July 16 1975 (P. J. Jewess). Dungeness (div. 15),
June 30 (1), July 4 (3), 5 (1) 1971; Boulderwall (div. 15), in m.v.
trap, July 5 (2) 1972 (R. E. Scott); Dungeness (div. 15), June 26

1972 (S. E. Whitebread).

C. rubidata D. & S.

p. 44 —

Near Hadlow (div. 11), July 10 1969 (Miss N. Bentley). Orlestone
Woods (div. 12), one, June 25 1976 (T. W. Harman).

C. cuculata Hufnagel
p. 45 —

Eynsford (div. 6), August 7 1959 (1), July 8 1962 (10) (B. Skinner);
Higham, July 14 1971 (S. E. Whitebread); North Kent Downs
(div. 6)*, July 10 1975 (Coster, Ent. Rec., 88: 150).

E. alternata O. F. Muller
p. 46 —

Eynsford (div. 6), a larva on Galium mollugo, August 1969 (D.
O’Keeffe).

E. galiata D. & S.
p. 47 —

Cliffe (div. 2), August 23 1973 (S. E. Whitebread). Culand Pit (div.
7), July 16 1975 (P. J. Jewess); Broad Street (div. 7), June 8 1976
(C. Samson).

C. bilineata L.
p. 47 —

West Wickham (div. 1), one May 29 1976 (Chalmers-Hunt, Ent.
Rec., 88: 148).

A. derivata D. & S.
pp. 49-50 —

Chattenden Wood (div. 6a), April 27 1973 (S. E. Whitebread).
Rainham (div. 7), April 27 1973 (D. Dey); Woodstock (div. 7),
May 7 1973 (I. A. Watkinson). Hoads Wood (div. 11), April 30
1976 (D. Dey). Olantigh Park (div. 12), May 2 1976 (M. Enfield).
Bayham Abbey (div. 13), April 25 1971; Pembury (div. 13), May
10 1972 (D. W. Webb).

M. albicillata L.
p. 50 —

Dartford (div. 1), June 1974 (?) (B. K. West).

P. comitata L.
pp. 51-52 —

Minster-in-Sheppey (div. 2), 1976-77 (G. N. Burton); Lower Rain-
ham (div. 2), August 6 1974 (D. Dey). Woodstock (div. 7), July 30

1973 (I. A. Watkinson). Olantigh (div. 12), August 10 1976 (M.
Enfield).

E. prunata L.
p. 54 —

Willesborough (div. 12), August 14 1963 (W. L. Rudland). Tun-
bridge Wells (div. 13), larva on gooseberry in Queens Road (E. D.
Morgan, Lepidoptera of Tunbridge Wells MS.); High Brooms (div.
13), July 31 1973 (I. Beavis). West Wickham (div. 1), two larvae
beaten from red currant, 1978; one (apple green form), June 20, not
bred; one (brown form), June 22, bred July 10 (D. S. Burrows).
Dartford (div. 1), one at m.v., July 28 1978 (B. K. West).

entomologist’s record, VOL. 90

15/X/78

(202)

E. testata L.
p. 55 —

Hothfield (div. 12), August 13 1974 (S. E. Whitebread). Bayham
Abbey (div. 13), August 22 1971 (D. W. Webb).

E. mellinata F.
p. 55 —

Minster-in-Sheppey (div. 2), 1976-77 (G. N. Burton). Darenth Wood
(div. 6a), June 20 1976 (J. Platts).

E. pyraliata D. & S.
p. 56:

lines 3-4 down — for “Werneburgh” read: Werneburg.

E. silaceata D. & S.
p. 56 —

Dartford (div. 1), 1975, several larvae on Epilobium parviflorum,
bred (B. K. West). Murston N.R. (div. 2), August 8 1974 (I. A.
Watkinson). Higham (div. 6), August 5 1971; Frindsbury (div. 6),
August 16 1974 (S. E. Whitebread).

C. miata L.
p. 58:

line 13 down — for “Farm” read: Farn.
line 13 up — for “Endfield” read: Enfield,
p. 58 —

Hollingbourne (div. 7), two, April 6 1907 (R. A. Jackson Diary);
Hempstead (div. 7), October 26 1974 (D. Dey). Olantigh (div. 12),
October 6 1973 (M. Enfield). High Brooms (div. 13), September
1973 (I. Beavis).

C. citrata L.
p. 59 —

Kiln Wood, Lenham (div. 11), one, July 23 1972; Hoads Wood
(div. 11), several at m.v.l., July 16 1976 (C.-H.).

C. fulvata Forster

p. 60 —

Stoke (div. 2), July 11 1972 (S. E. Whitebread); Minster-in-Sheppey
(div. 2), 1976-77 (G. N. Burton).

T. variata D. & S.
pp. 62-63 —

It seems this species does not occur in Britain but is replaced by
another, T. albonigrata Hofer. On reviewing the Kent records,
however, I suspect all of these refer to T. obeliscata Hbn., except
one. This is a $ in splendid condition, taken at light by P. A.
SokolofF in his garden at Orpington (div. 1), June 4 1978f, and
referable to albonigrata Hofer (C.-H.).

T. juniperata L.
p. 63 —

East Mailing (div. 11), one, October 24 1971 (M. E. Cooke); also,
another taken at light by M. E. Cooke, September 21 1975f
(C.-H.).

E. corylata Thunberg
p. 63 —

West Wickham (div. 1), one. May 28 1972, one, June 10 1973
(C.-H.). Herne (div. 3), a larva beaten from sloe August 1970, bred
1971 (B. S. Goodban).

C. olivata D. & S.
p. 64 —

Culand Pit (div. 7), July 16 1975 (P. J. Jewess).

C. multistrigaria Haworth
p. 65 —

Hoads Wood (div. 11), March 13 1976 (D. Dey).

C. pectinataria Knoch
pp, 65-66 —

Dartford (div. 1) one, June 17 1970 (B. K. West). Dungeness (div.
15), September 11 1974 (S. E. Whitebread).

H, fur cat a Thunberg

p. 66:

line 11 down — for “of this” read: on this.

p. 66 —

Ightham (div. 10), 20 larvae collected from bilberry, June 9 1975,
specimens bred were fairly typical but undersized (C.-H.).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(203)

H. impluviata D. & S.
p. 67;

line 13 up — for “1971” read; 1871.
p. 67 —

Willesborough, June 16 1966 (W. L. Rudland).

M. procellata D, & S.
p. 69 —

East Mailing (div. 11), July 2 1968 (M. A. Easterbrook), July 11
1971 (M. E. Cooke); Near Hadlow (div. 11), July 10 1971 (Miss
N. Bentley).

S. luctuata D. & S.
pp. 70-71 —

Eloads Wood (div. 11), one, June 12 1965 (B. K. West). Orlestone
Woods (div. 12), one, August 20 1960, two, September 6 1964, one,
August 30, one September 2 1968, one, June 10, one, August 29
1976 (B. K. West); June 9 1970, a dozen (Chatelain and O’Keeffe,
Ent. Rec., 83: 43); two at light, June 23 1972 (Withers, Ent. Rec.,
85: 171); June 28 1973 (S. Whitebread); Willesborough (div. 12),
August 23 1970 (W. L. Rudland); Olantigh (div. 12), July 15 1975
(M. Enfield).

R. hastata L.
p. 72-

Faggs Wood, May 31 1970 (E. G. Philp).

R. cervinalis Scop,
p. 72:

lines 6-7 up — delete “St. Mary Cray, 1957 (R. G. Chatelain in
de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1959: 119)”. R.G.C. (in lift.) says this
record is wrong and that he has never taken the species in Kent.

R. undulata L.
pp. 73-74 —

Hoads Wood (div. 11), one at m.v.l., July 16 1976 (C.-H.). Willes-
borough (div. 12), July 22 1966 (W. L. Rudland)

T. dubitata L.
p. 75 —

East Mailing (div. 11), August 23 1965 (M. A. Easterbrook);
Penenden Heath (div. 11), September 25 1976 (C. Samson). Willes-
borough (div. 12), August 14 1963 (W. L. Rudland). Dungeness
(div. 15), one, August 19 1971 (R. E. Scott).

P. vetulata D. & S.
pp. 75-76 —

West Wickham (div. 1), one, July 20 1971, one, July 23 1972, one,
August 8 1977; all in m.v. trap (C.-H.). Darenth Wood (div. 6a),
June 26 1976 (J. Platts); Chattenden (div. 6a), June 26 1976
(Whitebread, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist Soc., 1977, 10 (1-2), 60).
Woodstock (div. 7), July 8 1973 (I. A. Watkinson). Wye (Trown
(div. 8), July 18 1972 (B. G. Withers). Willesborough (div. 12),
July 25 1963 (W. L. Rudland); Charing (div. 12), August 10 1971
(I. A. Watkinson).

P. transversata Hufnagel
p. 76:

line 8 down — for “ssp. variegata” read : ssp. britannica.
p. 76 —

Higham (div. 6), July 20 1971 (S. Whitebread). Darenth Wood (div.
6a), June 2 1976 (J. Platts). Trundle Wood (div. 7), August 4 1973;
Woodstock (div. 7), July 19 1973 (I. A. Watkinson). Wye Crown
(div. 8), July 18 1972 (B. G. Withers). Hoads Wood (div. 11), one
at m.v.l., July 16 1976 (C.-H.). Willesborough (div. 12), July 31
1969 (W. L. Rudland); Olantigh (div. 12), July 4 1976 (M. Enfield).
E. unangulata Haworth
p. 78 —

Chiddingstone (div. 11), one, July 26 1975 (S. E. Whitebread).
Willesborough (div. 12), July 31 1970 (W. L. Rudland). Bayham
Abbey (div. 13), July 22 1972; Pembury, June 23 1973 (D. W.
Webb).

15/X/78

(204) entomologist’s record, vol. 90

E. dilutata D. & S.
p. 78 —

Woodstock (div. 7), October 26 1973; Trundle Wood (div. 7),
November 8 1974 (I. A. Watkinson).

E. christyi Allen
p. 79 —

Hempstead (div. 7), October 25 1975 (D. Dey, gen. det. S. E.
Whitebread). Ham Street (div. 12), one, October 25 1969 (R. G.
Chatelain).

E. autumnata Borkhausen
p. 79 —

Button Street (div. 1), several noted October 20 1962, of which
3^5 kept (R. G. Chatelain). Ham Street (div. 12), seven, October
25 1969 (R. G. Chatelain); Hothfield (div. 12), November 8 1974
(S. E. Whitebread).

P. affinitatum Stephens

pp. 81-82 —

Higham (div. 6), July 2 1972 (S. E. Whitebread). Trundle Wood
(div. 7), June 10 1973 (I. A. Watkinson). Willesborough (div. 12),
July 4 1970 (W. L. Rudland).

P. alchemillata L.
pp. 82-83 —

Dartford (div. 1), one, August 12 1970 (B. K. West). Teynham
(div. 7), July 8 1974 (I. A. Watkinson). Chiddingstone (div. 13),
three, July 26 1975 (S. E. Whitebread).

P. bifaciata Haworth
p. 83 —

Dartford (div. 1), one at m.v.l., August 15 1977 (B. K. West).

P. albulata D. & S.
p. 85 —

Downe (div. 5), June 4 (1), 12 (1) 1974 (C.-H.). Chiddingstone
(div. 11), several, June 9 1970 (C.-H.).

P. flavofasciata Thunberg

p. 86 —

Darenth Wood (div. 6a), May 29 1976 (J. Platts).

E. tenuiata Hbn.

p. 88 —

Joydens Wood (div. 1), larvae on sallow, April 1977, six moths
bred (B. K. West). Hothfield (div. 12), August 5 1974 (S. E.
Whitebread).

E. inturbata Hbn.

p. 88 —

Sutton-at-Hone (div. 1), two larvae on maple. May 23 1975 (C.-H.).
West Kingsdown (div. 6), larvae. May 1977 (B. K. West); Trottis-
cliffe (div. 6), three larvae on maple. May 26 1976 (C.-H.). Darenth
Wood (div. 6a), August 21 1974 (J. Platts), larvae plentiful. May
1976, saw about 30, larvae also common in May 1977, bred (B. K.
West). Hollingbourne (div. 7), July 15 1973; Woodstock (div. 7),
June 24 1973; Teynham (div. 7), July 8 1974; Sittingbourne (div. 7),
August 17 1974 (I. A. Watkinson).

E. haworthiata Doubleday
p. 89 —

Chiddingstone (div. 11), one, July 26 1975 (S. E. Whitebread).

E. exiguata Hbn.
p. 91 —

Spring Park, West Wickham (div. 1), a larva on sycamore, October
9 1977 (C.-H.).

E. insigniata Hbn.
p. 92 —

Brook (div. 8), $ at m.v.l.. May 25 1971 (B. Skinner). Willes-
borough (div. 12), May 11 1966 (W. L. Rudland).

E. venosata F.
p. 93 —

Willesborough (div. 12), June 16 1967 (W. L. Rudland).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(205)

E. centaureata D. & S.
p. 94 —

Dartford (div. 1) and Greenhithe (div. 2), larvae on Oxford ragwort
(Senecio squalidus), September 1976, bred (B. K. West). Darenth
Wood (div. 6a), several larvae on yarrow, 1976, bred (B. K. West).
Woodstock (div. 7), September 5 1973 (I. A. Watkinson). Hothfield
(div. 12), several larvae on Pimpinella saxifraga, 1976, bred (B. K.
West).

E. intricata Zetterstedt ssp. arceuthata Freyer
p. 95 —

West Wickham (div. 1), one, July 21 1972, one, June 10 1973
(C.-H.); Dartford (div. 1), July 31 1976, five larvae beaten from
Cupressus leylandii and bred (B. K. West). Platt (div. 11), June 23
1974 (S. E. Whitebread). Pembury (div. 13), June 6 1972 (D. W.
Webb).

E. satyrata Hbn.
p. 95 —

Olantigh (div. 12), May 29 1972 (M. Enfield).

E. absinthiata Clerck
p. 96 —

Dartford (div. 1) and Greenhithe (div. 2), larvae on Senecio
squalidus, September 1976, bred (B. K. West).

E. expallidata Doubleday
p. 98 —

Orlestone Woods (div. 12), larvae, October 16 1971 (I. A. Watkin-
son); larvae common 1976, bred (B. K. West).

E. vulgata Haworth
p. 99 —

Woodstock (div. 7), May 18 1973 (I. A. Watkinson).

E. tripunctaria H.-S.
p. 99 —

Meopham (div. 6), 12 larvae on Heraclium sphondylium, September
1977 (B. K. West). Cobham Woods (div. 6a), several larvae on
H. sphondylium, September 1976, bred (B. K. West).

E. denotata Hbn.

p. 100 —

Trottiscliffe (div. 6), larvae on C. trachelium, 1976 and 1977 (B. K.
West).

E. subumbrata D. & S.
p. 103 —

Darenth Wood (div. 6a), June 5 1976 (J. Platts). Round Hill,
Folkestone (div. 8), a larva on Plantago lanceolata, July 26 1974
(C.-H.). Platt (div. 11), June 23 1974 (S. E. Whitebread).

E. millefoliata Rossler
p. 104 —

Dartford (div. 1), Crayford (div. 1) and Bexley (div. 1), larvae on
A. millefolium, 1976, all bred (B. K. West). Sittingbourne (div. 2),
series bred 1975 (Watkinson, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1976,
9 (1-2), 6); Greenhithe (div. 2), larvae, 1976, bred (B. K. West).
Darenth Wood (div. 6a), larvae 1976, bred (B. K. West). Dungeness
(div. 15), larvae, September 1971 (S. E. Whitebread); larvae, 1975
(Withers, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1976, 9 (1-2), 24).

E. simpliciata Haworth
p. 105 —

West Wickham (div. 1), one in m.v. trap, July 19 1972 (C.-H.).
Stoke Saltings (div. 2), one bred May 21 1966, ex larva taken on
A triplex littoralis (C.-H.). Woodstock (div. 7), July 2 1973; Charing
(div. 7)*, July 31 1971 (I. A. Watkinson).

E. pimpinellata Hbn.

p. 106 —

Sandwich (div. 4) and Wrotham (div. 6), several larvae on P.
saxifraga, 1977 (B. K. West).

E. nanata Hbn.
p. 107 —

East Mailing (div. 11), August 19 1965 (M. A. Easterbrook).

(206)

entomologist’s record, VOL. 90 15/XI/78

E. abbreviata Stephens
p. 110-

Coster (JEnt. Rec.y 88: 12) records seeing “over 200” at Ham Street
on the night of April 12 1975.

E. phoeniceata Rambur : Black-streaked Pug.

Resident?

1. Orpington, one in m.v. trap taken by I. A. Watkinson, August
30 1965 (Watkinson, Ent. Rec., 86: 26); one taken by P. A. SokolofF,
September 7 1973 (Watkinson, loc. cit.), and exhibited (Sokoloff,
Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1976, 9 (1-2), 6).

First Notice, 1965: Watkinson, loc. cit.

C. chioerata Mabille

Resident. Thickets, hedgerows; on Prunus spinosa.

1. Dartford Heath, in two places, several larvae, April 26 1976
(B. K. West). Orpington, bred example exhibited (Sokoloff, Proc. Br.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1977, 10 (1-2), 5).

5. Cudham, three larvae beaten from P. spinosa, April 27 1975
(West, Ent. Rec., 87: 175).

6. West Kingsdown, several larvae after much beating. May 2 1976;
Fawkham, several larvae in a small sloe patch in hedgerow. May 2 1976
(B. K. West).

6a. Darenth, small sloe patch beside wood, about eight larvae after
beating for a short while, 1976 (B. K. West).

First (Confirmed) Record, 1975: Cudham (West, Ent. Rec.,

87: 175). The references to this species in Kent by de Worms {Ent.
Rec., 84:205) and Skinner {Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1973:133)
are erroneous.

G. rufifasciata Haworth
p. 115 —

Chattenden Wood (div. 6a), April 16 1973 (S. E. Whitebread).

C. rufata F.
p. 117 —

Higham (div. 2), April 26 1972 (S. E. Whitebread). Darenth Wood
(div. 6a), June 26 1976 (J. Platts). Trundle Wood (div. 7), May
18-28 1973, July 28 1973; Woodstock (div. 7), May 25 1973;
Sittingbourne (div. 7), May 25 1971 (I. A. Watkinson). East Mailing
(div. 11), July 20 1965 (M. A. Easterbrook); July 30 1972 (M. E.
Cooke); Aylesford (div. 11), May 15 1974 (E. G. Philp); Oaken
Wood, Barming, May 29 1976 (C. Samson); East Farleigh (div. 11),
October 14 1976 (I. Morgan). Willesborough (div. 12), July 3 1970
(W. L. Rudland).

A. plagiata L.
p. 117 —

Stoke (div. 2), May 27 1974 (S. E. Whitebread).

H. flammeolaria Hufnagel

p. 120 —

West Wickham (div. 1), one, July 21 1972 (C.-H.).

H. sylvata D. & S.

p. 122:

line 15 down — for “Gardew” read; Cardew.

p. 122 —

Olantigh (div. 8), July 4 1976 (M. Enfield). East Mailing (div. 11).
several ab. goodwini taken bv M. E. Cooke at light trap, c. 1976
(C.-H.).

P. sexalata Retzius

p. 126 —

Hoads Wood (div. 11), one, June 17 1966 (B. K. West); Chidding-
stone (div. 11), one, July 26 1975 (S. E. Whitebread).

A. viretata Hbn.

Dartford (div. 1), one in m.v. trap, June 12 1971 (B. K. West).
Teynham (div. 2), August 8 1974 (I. A. Watkinson); Cliffe (div. 2)*,
June 10 1973 (S. E. Whitebread). Trottiscliffe (div. 6), May 28
1973; Higham (div. 6)*, May 25 1973 (S. E. Whitebread). Chatten-

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(207)

den (div. 6a), June 10 1973 (S. E. Whitebread). Woodstock (div. 7),
May 20 1973 (I. A. Watkinson); Sittingbourne (div. 7), August 29
1974 (S. E. Whitebread); Rainham (div. 7), August 13 1973
(D. Dey); Olantigh (div. 8), June 15 1976 (M. Enfield); Long Rope,
Orlestone (div. 12), 2 $ $, at m.v.l., August 1 1969 (B. Skinner);

Bayham Abbey (div. 13), May 6 1973; Pembury (div. 13), August
22 1974 (D. W. Webb).

A. grossulariata L.
p. 128 —

Ab. cockayni Hutchinson, paratypes, Kent (Hutchinson, Ent. Rec.,
86: 205).

A. sylvata Scopoli
p. 129 —

Darenth Wood (div. 6a), July 2 1976 (J. Platts). Willesborough
(div. 12), July 16 1969 (2) (W. L. Rudland); Orlestone Woods, 5
in Long Rope at m.v., August 1 1969, $ at m.v., July 7 1970
(B. Skinner).

L. marginata L.
p. 129:

line 16 up — for “popular” read: poplar,
p. 129 —

Skinner {Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1977, 10: 5, pit. ix, fig. 17)
exhibited an extreme melanic, taken Orlestone Woods, 1976.

S. notata L.
pp. 130-131 —

Dartford (div. 1), July 7 (1), 23 (1) 1971, in m.v. trap (B. K. West);
West Wickham (div. 1), July 8 (1), 20 (1) 1971, July 21 (1) 1972,
in m.v. trap (C.-H.). Trundle Wood (div. 7), June 10 1973 (I. A.
Watkinson). Willesborough (div. 12), August 2 1963 (W. L. Rud-
land); Orlestone Woods, June 28 1973 (S. E. Whitebread).

P. dolabraria L.
p. 137 —

Herne (div. 3), larva beaten from sloe, August 1970, bred 1971
(B. S. Goodban).

P. hippocastanaria Hbn.
p. 137 —

Lee (div. 1), S in m.v. trap, August 17 1974f (C. G. Bruce).

A. syringaria L.
p. 140 —

Dartford (div. 1), July 7 (1), 23 (1) 1971, both in m.v. trap (B. K.
West). Chattenden (div. 6a), June 26 1976 (Whitebread, Proc. Br.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1977, 10 (1-2), 60).

E. quercinaria Hufnagel
p. 143 —

Woodstock (div. 7), August 6 1973 (I. A. Watkinson). Olantigh
(div. 12), July 30 1976 (M. Enfield).

E. erosaria D. & S.
p. 145 —

Gynandro morph left side $ , Orlestone Woods (div. 12), July 29
1964 (C. G. Bruce).

S. dentaria F.
p. 146 —

Minster-in-Sheppey (div. 2), 1976-77 (G. N. Burton).

S. lunularia Hbn.
p. 147 —

Orlestone Woods (div. 12), 3 ^ ^ , in Long Rope, June 3 1968, o ,
in Faggs Wood, June 11 1969 (B. F. Skinner).

O. bidentata Clerck
p. 149 —

Ab. nigra: Chislehurst (div. 1), one 1960, bred from “small leaved
privet” (I. A, Watkinson per S. E. Whitebread).

C. elinguaria L.
p. 149 —

Ab. fusca Reutti, Dartford (div. 1), one, August 3 1977, in m.v.
trap (B. K. West).

(208) entomologist’s record, vol. 90 15/XI/78

S. tetralunaria Hufnagel
pp. 147-148 —

Cliffe (div. 2), April 14 1973 (S. E. Whitebread); Darenth Wood
(div. 6a), May 2 1976 (J. Platts); Trundle Wood (div. 7), July 28
1973; Woodstock (div. 7), May 8 1973; Sittingbourne (div. 7), April
26 1971 (I. A. Watkinson); Maidstone (div. 11), May 8 1975 (I.
Morgan); Bayham Abbey (div. 13), May 12 1973 (D. W. Webb).

C. pennaria L.
p. 150 —

Renshaw (Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist Soc., 1975, 8 (1): 14) exhibited
“a fine melanic example”, bred Ham Street (div. 12)t-

A. prunaria L.
pp. 150-151 —

Chattenden (div. 6a), June 26 1976 (Whitebread, Proc. Br. ent.
nat. Hist. Soc., 1977, 10 (1-2), 60). Trundle Wood (div. 7), July 6
1973 (I. A. Watkinson). Oaken Wood, Barming (div. 11), June 5
1976 (C. Samson).

A. hispidaria D. & S.
p. 152 —

Orlestone Woods, plentiful at light, April 1978 (T. W. Harman).

B. betularia L.
p. 157 —

Dartford (div. 1), in 1977, of 169 examined, 29 were typical, 134 ab.
carbonaria and 6 ab. insularia (B. K. West).

A. marginaria F.
p. 159 —

Sokoloff {Ent. Rec., 88: 217) records ab. fuscata at light at
Orpington (div. 1) on March 25 1974.

E. defoliaria Clerck
p. 159 —

B. K. West took at Dartford (div. 1), December 4 1974, an extreme
melanic example but with cilia part pale, part dark.

D. ribeata Clerck

p. 161 —

Orlestone Woods (div. 12), August 29 1968 (B. K. West); a larva
in Faggs Wood, beaten from Douglas fir, April 22 1978 (C.-H.).

A. repandata L.
p. 161 —

Ab. fusca Lempke, Orlestone (div. 12), one, July 14 1964; Dartford
(div. 1), one, July 11 1976 (B. K. West).

B. roboraria D. & S.

p. 162 —

Oaken Wood, Barming (div. 11), July 3 1976 (C. Samson). Orlestone
Woods, July 7 1976 (D. Dey). Bayham Abbey (div. 13), July 23
1972 (D. W. Webb).

C. lichenaria Hufnagel
p. 164 —

Orlestone Woods (div. 12), July 7 1976 (D. Dey).

E. bistortata Goeze
p. 164 —

Herne (div. 3), larva beaten from sloe, August 1970, bred 1971
(B. S. Goodban).

E. extersaria Hbn.
p. 167 —

Dartford (div. 1), one, June 2 1976 (B. K. West); Ellenden Wood
(div. 3), one, June 13 1976 (C.-H.).

A distinctata H.-S.
p. 171 —

The Ulcombe (div. 11) record refers to one taken there at Jubilee
Corner, April 2 1974, and not in 1975 as stated (S. E. Whitebread).

C. margaritata L.
p. 172 —

Minster-in-Sheppey (div. 2), 1976-77 (G. N. Burton).

H. fasciaria L.
p. 173 —

The three larvae beaten at Orlestone (div. 12) by B. Skinner and
self, April 11 1976, produced exceedingly fine S and $ examples
of ab. prasinaria to B.S., but a hymenopterous parasite to me!
(C.-H.).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(209)

G. obscurata D. & S.
p. 174 —

Lee (div. 1), common annually in m.v. trap in garden (C. G. Bruce,
pers. comm. 1978). Higham (div. 6), August 23 1973 (S. E. White-
bread). Culand Pit (div. 7), August 16 1975 (P. J. Jewess).

S. lineata Scopoli
p. 176 —

Willesborough (div. 12), July 25 1963 (W. L. Rudland).

A. gilvaria D. & S.
p. 176 —

Temple Ewell (div. 8), two, August 11 1977 (C.-H.).

A. ochrearia Rossi
p. 177 —

Graveney (div. 2), a larva found feeding on Trifolium repens,
August 3, bred August 26 1971 (C.-El.). Sandwich Bay (div. 4), a
larva feeding on seeds of Rumex acetosella, June 8 1958 (C.-H.).

Z. pyrina L.

pp. 180-181 —

Minster-in-Sheppey (div. 2), 1976-77 (G. N. Burton). Chattenden
(div. 6a), June 26 1976 (Whitebread, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1977, 10 (1-2), 60). Dicker {Ent. Gaz., 28: 137-138) records on
average less than one moth in a m.v. trap over the past 20 years at
East Mailing (div. 11), but during September 1976, 500 larvae were
found there in fruit trees, and large numbers at Linton, Yalding,
Hadlow and Paddock Wood (all in div. 11), but very few in
orchards to the east of Canterbury. These abnormally large num-
bers it seems, resulted from increased activity and oviposition
owing to exceptionally warm weather in June and July 1976.

A. statices L.
p. 182 —

Sandwich Bay (div. 4), June 1970 (D. Batchelor); July 1974 (W.
Coster).

Z. trifolii Esper ssp. palustrella Verity

p. 186 —

Wrotham (div. 6), June 29 1946, Mav 21 1949, June 7 1950, June
26 1951, May 25 1952, May 29, June 7 1960 (B. K. West). Crundale
(div. 8), a pair in cop., June 18 1969 (C.-H.).

Z. lonicerae Scheven
p. 187 —

Higham (div. 2), B. K. West’s record for here refers to July 7 1946,
when he noted the moths on a “track on marshes immediately
opposite the Uralite Halt” (B. K. West pers. comm.). Near Sugarloaf
Hill, Folkestone (div. 8), June 9 1965, larvae and pupae in thousands
with those of Z. filipendulae, about 200 lonicerae bred from July 1
to July 16 with maximum emergence about July 7; not one showed
the slightest variation (L. K. Evans). Sokololf {Proc. Br. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1977, 10 (3-4), 114) records from Dungeness (div. 15)
this species (Z. trifolii deer eta Verity in error teste P. A. Sokololf
pers. comm, and specimens checked C.-H.), and its hymenopterous
parasite Casinaria orbitalis (Grav.) and the pseudohyperparasite
Gelis instabilis Foerster.

H. asella D. & S.
p. 189 —

Orlestone Woods, one, July 19 1964, one, July 12 1971 (B. K.
West).

S. bembeciformis Hbn.
p. 190 —

Dungeness (div. 15), one at actinic light, July 2 1976 (Harman,
Ent. Rec., 88:231).

B. scopigera Scopoli
p. 196 —

In C. A. W. Duffield’s coll., now in Maidstone Mus., are six
from Brook (div. 8): June 30 (3), July 2 (1) 1946, July 1948 (1),
June 26 1952 (1) (C.-H.).

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entomologist’s record

I/IX/79

Supplement

HESPERIIDAE

Hesperiinae

Thymelicus sylvestris Poda: Small Skipper B. & M. of K., 1: 128.

Continues to be common in suitable places throughout the county,
but in certain localities is markedly less numerous than T. lineola
Ochs. {q.v.).

Towards the border of the metropolis sylvestris appears hardly to
exist, with no recent records of occurrence in the areas of Forest Hill
(W. G. St. John), Blackheath and Charlton (A. A. Allen), Plumstead
(R. G. Rigden) and Eltham (W. S. R. Watson). However, at Elmers
End Crematorium, at least one was seen and checked, July 26 1977
(H. C. Eve).

At Alkham (div. 8), August 7 1965, I took a $ ab. with hindwings
olive-grey, forewings olive-grey except central area which is abnormally
pale (Chalmers-Hunt, List S. Lon. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 29.x. 1966, p. 2).

T. lineola Ochsenheimer: Essex Skipper B. & M. of ,K., 1: 129.

Still a common species in favourable localities, with seemingly no
evidence of decline.

Although it and T. sylvestris usually occur together, in certain
localities lineola is the only species present of the two, whereas the
reverse is sometimes the case elsewhere. For instance, along the edge
of the M20 motorway between Wrotham and Great Danes lineola
abounds but sylvestris is seemingly absent; conversely, at Darwin’s
Bank, Downe (div. 5), where sylvestris is common, lineola is non-
existant. In some places, lineola is appreciably more numerous than its
congener, examples of this being: Crofton (div. 1) and High Elms
(div. 5), “on occasions where detailed comparisons have been made,
lineola was more numerous than sytvestris'" (P. SokolofF in litt., 1979);
Sandwich (div. 4), “the commonest skipper along the Wantsum and
marshes either side of it” (D. F. Harle in litt., 1979); North wood Hill
(div. 6a), compared with sylvestris”, in 1977, some 80% of those netted
were lineola with apparently similar population levels in 1978” (R. E.
Scott); Tunbridge Wells (div. 13), in a built up area in 1973, lineola was
by far the dominant species (Beavis, Ent. Rec., 86: 22). The reason
for these disparities is not clear but the indication is that if undertaken,
research on the two species, especially in regard to habitat preference,
would show some interesting results.

Close to the metropolis the butterfly is of very restricted distribution.
In 1966, Allen (Ent. Rec., 79: 61) noted a single specimen of lineola
at Blackheath (div. 1) and the first time only during his many years’
residence there until 1977, when he found it commonly nearby on
July 20 in a small area just inside a large fallow field (idem, 90: 220).
More recently still, in 1978, the same observer found it very locally a
few miles distant on Woolwich Common and added that “I believe it
was not there in the years preceding”, and in 1979 he saw it near the
bank of the Thames between Charlton and Greenwich (div. 2), and at
Kidbrooke (div. 1). About 1974, R. W. Waters noted several on Plum-
stead Marshes (div. 2) and in Bostall Woods (div. 1), and on July 13
1979 at Forest Hill (div.l).

When writing on this species in 1961, I mentioned I had no record
for div. 10. I can now make good this deficiency as many were seen
at Westerham by H. C. Eve on August 6 1978.

There is a record of the butterfly being found in exceptionally
large numbers. During a walk north of Maidstone along the edge of
the M20 motorway between Wrotham and Great Danes in late July
and August 1978, E. Philp and J. Feltwell found lineola to be the only
skipper. It occurred over a considerable distance and was so numerous
that they estimated seeing more than 1,0(X) individuals.

P. J. S. Miles (in litt. 23.x. 1964) writes that at Sandwich “I have
found lineola larva feeding on Holcus lanatus and have also seen eggs

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(211)

being laid on this on one occasion. Furthermore, when I bred it in
captivity, this was all it would eat”. The same observer (in Bull. Amat.
ent. Soc., 1963, 22 (261): 115-118) also furnishes much interesting

information on the various changes in distribution of this butterfly
in the Sandwich area.

Hesperia comma L.: Silver-spotted Skipper. B. & M. of K., 1: 133.

Persists very locally in greatly reduced numbers. The loss of this
butterfly from many of its localities in Kent was directly caused by the
ploughing up of its breeding grounds.

7. Great Culand Pit, Eccles, one, 1963 (P. J. Jewess). Purple Hill,
Bredhurst, July 1968 (A. Gibson in KBARC).

8. Crundale (Scott, 1964). Temple Ewell, 1978 (Wilson, Bull.
Kent Trust Nat. Cons., 1979 (1): 6).

Ochlodes venata Bremer & Grey ssp. faunus Turati: Large Skipper
B. & M. of K., 1; 133.

The Large Skipper does not seem to have undergone any marked
change of status in Kent over the past two decades, and at present is
frequent in suitable situations throughout the county, but continues to
be much restricted in the extreme north-west.

At West Wickham, where I very seldom see it, a $ was noticed
imbibing at lavender in my garden, July 28 1974 (C-H.); one was seen
at Bostall Heath in 1976 (R. G. Rigden); at Forest Hill, W. G. St. John
gets it annually in his garden though it is scarce; and elsewhere in
div. 1, A. A. Allen {in litt., 1979) writes that it is “regular in my
Blackheath garden, sometimes common. Also in my present garden at
Charlton, but sparingly, likewise elsewhere in the district, and at Abbey
Wood in 1978”.

A. R. Kidner {Diary) records finding a larva at Sidcup (div. 1), May
5 1927, “spun between blades of Triticum”, from which he bred the
insect on July 2 1927.

Pyrginae

Erynnis tages L.: Dingy Skipper B. & M. of K., 1: 127.

Still found in suitable places in 5, 6, 7, 8 but in reduced numbers.
Few records for elsewhere and none recently to my knowledge for
1-4, 6a, 10, 14, 16.

11. Platt’s Heath, June 1972; Oaken Wood, May 29 1976 (KBARC).
Hoads Wood, 1975 (P. N. Headley).

12. Orlestone Forest, May 24 1974 (KBARC); 1975 (P. N.
Headley). [Ham Street Nat. Cons. Reserve, not present (J. Maylam,
Butterfly List, 1970 MS.; pers. comm. 27. ii. 1979.]

13. Bedgebury Forest, May 30 1974 (KBARC). Near Lamber-
hurst, June 1974 (P. R. Down per B. R. C.).

Pyrgus malvae L.: Grizzled Skipper B. & M. of K., 1: 126.

Seems now less frequent than formerly. The following are the most
recent occurrences, including the first record for div. 15.

1. Bromley Common, one, June 2 1978 (P. SokolofT).

2. Minster-in-Sheppey, a few annually, 1975, 1976, 1977 (Burton,
Ent. Rec., 89: 140); a few, 1978 and 1979 (G. N. Burton).

3. I have no recent records, the latest being: Blean Woods,

common (J. Shepherd, pers comm., c. 1950). “Generally common and
widespread throughout division 3” (D. G. Marsh in litt. 20.iv.l954).
Little Hall Wood, one , May 26 1947 (C-H.).

5. Biggin Hill, one, 1977 (C-H.). High Elms, regularlv in small
numbers, last noted June 22 1977 (P. Sokoloff).

6. Shoreham, May 21 1975; Trottiscliff Down. May 26 1975;
Holly Hill, May 9 1976 (KBARC). Trottiscliff, two, 1978 (P. J. Jewess).
Between Shorham and Otford, May 28 1978 (J. Platts). Romney Street,
one, July 10 1979 (H. C. Eve). Near Magpie Bottom, one fresh
specimen, July 14 1979 (C-H.). Birling, May 12 1979, ovipositing on
wild strawberry (P. Kirby).

6a. No recent records available, the latest being: Cobham, common
(c. 1948) (J. F. D. Frazer). Chattenden, 1948 (S. Wakely). Darenth
Wood, May 25 1952 (A. Heselden).

(212) entomologist’s record I/IX/79

7. Bredhurst, May 1970; Boarley near Boxley, May 16 1972;

Broad Street, May 22 1976; Burham Downs, June 12 1977 (KB ARC).
Ospringe, May 28 1971 (C-H.).

8. Wye Downs, May 11 1971 (C. J. Luckens), Rough field at

Covert Wood, Barham, locality ploughed in 1973 (R. Chambers).
Crundale, one, 1976 (P. N. Headley). Brook, 1978, one only (J. Duffield).
Folkestone Warren and downs, occasional (P. E. Cook).

10. Not recently, the last record of which I have knowledge being:
Brasted, two June 5 1949 (C-H.).

11. Penenden Heath, May 29 1976; Oaken Wood, May 29 1976;

Little Chart, June 13 1976 (KBARC). Hoads Wood, May 22 1977

(KBARC); six, including two $ 9 seen ovipositing on Silverweed
(Potentilla anserina). May 13 1979 (P. Kirby).

12. Orlestone Woods, frequent and noted by many observers but
never plentifully; several in Long Rope, June 1 1977 (C-H.). [Ham Street
Nat. Cons. Reserve, not present (Maylam, Butterfly List, 1970 MS.;
J. Maylam pers. comm. 27. ii. 1979.]

13. Near Lamberhurst, May 28 1971; Bedgebury, May 26 1974
(KBARQ.

14. I have no more recent records than the following: Gills Green,
common c. 1950 (B. G. Chatfield). Iden Green, common c. 1950 (H.
Boxall). Hawkhurst, 1956, 1957 (A. Lawson).

15. Dungeness (TR/OIY), one fresh, April 25 1976 (E. G. Philp in
(KBARC).

PAPILIONIDAE

Papilioninae

Papilio machaon L. ssp. bigeneratus Verity: Swallowtail
B. & M. of K., 1: 11, 136.

There have been reports of seven machaon for Kent since 1957.
1962: Bexley Heath (div. 1), a specimen of spp. bigenerata, August
26, taken by a boy, G. Howe, in his hand whilst it was visiting Sweet
William (Showier, Ent. Rec., 74: 246) wih reference to which de Worms
{Lond. Nat., 1964: 27) says: “There seems every evidence it was a
genuinely wild insect and not an escape”. 1964: Sandwich Bay Estate,
two (D. M. Batchelor per D. F. Harle), 1971: Sandwich Bay K.T.N.C.
Reserve, one. May 8 (J. Rignall per D. F. Harle), c. 1972: Folkestone
Warren, one seen (F. Patey). 1976: Pegwell Bay, “9.7.76, a ‘tatty’
specimen found at Pegwell Bay, taken by D. M. Batchelor who released
it in the grounds of Coningham School, Ramsgate” (D. F. Harle). 1978:
Ham Street, a hindwing of the Continental form, picked up in a garden
and brought to J. Maylam (J. Maylam).

[Iphiclides podalirius Scopoli: Scarce Swallowtail B. & M. of K., 1: 14.

Robson {Young Nat., 7: 29) stated that on the authority of his
friend Mr. Walker of Chester, Captain Russell is alleged to have taken
one P. podalirius at Sevenoaks, and that this was exhibited at a meeting
of the Entomological Society, February 3 1862.]

PIERIDAE

Coliadinae

Colias hyale L.: Pale Clouded Yellow B. & M. of K., 1: 27.

Unless captured and critically examined, specimens of this and
C. australis Verity cannot be determined with certainty. However,
considering the relative rarity of australis and the fact that it usually
occurs on rough calcareous habitat, probably most if not all the following
refer to hyale.

1963: Ruckinge (div. 12), August, two (J. Maylam); Near Margate,
August 20, two fresh males taken in a lucerne field (Edmonds, Ent. Rec.,
77: 12); Dungeness, September 2, one taken by P. N. Crow (French,
Entomologist, 99: 237); Dungeness, September, two seen by C. G. M.
de Worms (French, loc. cit.). 1967: Sandwich Bay, July 9, two “during
small movement of C. croceus” (D. Batchelor). 1970: Sandwich K.T.N.C.
Reserve, July 18, one taken by J. N. Hollyer and shown alive (D.
Batchelor). 1971: Valley below Lydden Wood (div. 8), September,

female taken by T. Dixon and in his coll. (R. Chambers). 1973: Sandwich
Bay, August 5, one “coming in off sea and feeding on melilot flowers”;

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(213)

August 26, female feeding on hawkweed; August 27, two males (D.
Batchelor). 1974: Sandwich Bay, July 28, one seen with J. V. D. Dal
along foreshore dunes; September 1, one seen by J. V. D. Dal flying
north (D. Batchelor).

C. australis Verity: Berger’s Clouded Yellow B. & M. of K. 1: 28.

The Dungeness record appears not to have been confirmed and so
could be referable to C. hyale L.

1945: A male australis in my coll., given me by E. E. J. Trundell,
is labelled “Birchington/ 27th August 1945/N. C. P. [illeau] ” (C-H.).
1962: Dungeness, September, one seen by R. Scott (E. Scott per French,
Entomologist, 97: 124).

C. croceus L.: Clouded Yellow B. & M. of K., 1: 29.

Except in 1967, when according to D. Batchelor more than 80
croceus were seen at Sandwich Bay on July 9 flying W.N.W., the records
show that in Kent during the period 1961-1979, the insect has been
observed only singly or in very small numbers, though every year
except in 1963 and 1975-76.

In 1969, the butterfly was seen on Nagden Marshes (div. 2) as
late as in November (B. D. Moreton, in KBARC); and in 1970, a
“torpid specimen of var. heilice'’ was found at Sandwich Bav on
October 18 (D. F. Harle).

Gonepteryx rhamni L.: Brimstone B. & M. of K., 1: 31.

There appears to have been no appreciable decline in the Brimstone
in Kent since 1960 indeed it may even have increased somewhat, and
in 1976 its presence that year in div. 15 was noted for the first time on
record though it was probably casual there. As might be expected,
owing to absence of foodplant, the butterfly continues to be of sporadic
occurrence only in the area nearest the metropolis, as well as in Sheppey
and Thanet, and the adjacent area of div. 4.

There is an instance on record of what may have constituted an
immigration of this species. On the Dover-Folkestone cliffs in the spring
of 1932 was observed a “flight from seaward, wind direction S.E., a
number seen, conditions poor, exhausted suggesting a long flight”, Frank
Illingworth, 17 Godwin Road, Dover in litt. to E. C. Arnold, 7.x. 1936
(Rothamsted).

1 (area nearest metropolis only). Charlton, one seen in Maryon
Wilson Park, August 1976 (J. H. Hider teste A. A. Allen). Sydenham,
one, 1977 (R. Warwick). Eltham to Falconwood, three, 1978 (W. S. R.
Watson). [Forest Hill, not seen over past 10 years (W. G. St. John).]
Eltham, “I caught a ^ in Avery Park, c. 1924 or 1925, perhaps
earlier — otherwise have not seen it in the district” (A. A. Allen in
litt. Hi. 1979).

2 (Sheppey only). Minster, one, April 1960, others March- June
1961 and 1962 (J. Fryer); two or three per annum, 1976, 1977 and 1978
(G. N. Burton).

4. Sandwich. 1963 (one at “Rumex bean” flowers), 1969 (2),
1971 (4), 1972 (1), 1973 (1), 1974 (1), 1975 (1), 1976 (2), 1977, 1978;
KTNC Reserve, July 19 1970 (1); Sandwich Bav, 1971 (several), 1974 (1),
1975 (6), 1977 (2) (D. F. Harle).

9. Monkton, February 25 1976 (P. Kirby and C. McDiarmid in
KBARC). Cliffsend, between 1973 and 1978, single insects only and
always males (M. F. Jones). St. Peters, one, April 1976; Hayne, three.
May 1976 (M. I, A. and A. D. Howell). Pegwell Bay, two or three
annually, 1970-78 (C. Randall).

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, one, 1976 (D. F. Owen).

Pierinae

[Aporia crataegi L.: Black-veined White B. & M. of K., 1: 15.

I suspect the following two records are the result of releases.
(1) Regarding the record for 1920 in Entomologist, 54: 98, F.

H. Lancum {in litt. 20. v. 1978) wrote me that the locality was a damson
orchard between Kingsdown and Portobello (div. 6). (2) In a letter to me,
E. R. Hicks, of 19 Gerrard Avenue, Rochester, writes that he and the

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entomologist's record

I/X/79

late A. Harris of Rochester observed three A. crataegi in the Hundred
of Hoo between 1924 and 1927, adding that all three were noted in the
lanes about High Halstow, Sharnall Street and Chattenden, that the
first specimen they saw was in 1924 or 1925, but was in such poor
condition that it was released, but that in 1927, two others were seen
and captured there, one of which is in Mr. Hick’s coll. C.-H.).]

Fieri s brassicae L.; Large White. B. & M. of K., 1: 18.

Sandwich. — In 1969, on August 18, D. M. Batchelor recorded large
westerly movements of brassicae off the sea with P. rapae L.; and on
September 12, large westerly movements off sea were noted by P. J.
Roberts. In 1970, D. M. Batchelor recorded steady W.N.W. immigration
of brassicae on August 9 during heavy insect activity. 1972, 1974 and

1976 were notably poor years for brassicae (D. F. Harle).

P. rapae L.; Small White B. & M. of K., 1: 20.

H. C. Eve observed a rapae at Blean, August 21 1976, ovipositing
on horseradish in the beer garden of the Royal Oak.

At Sandwich, August 1 1974, D. M. Batchelor saw many rapae
flying in off the sea (D. F. Harle).

Morris {Entomologist, 65: 105) recorded a freshly emerged male at
Tankerton on December 25 1932.

P. napi L. ssp. sabeUicae Stephens: Green-veined White
B. & M. of K., 1: 20.

Lullingstone, August 3 1971, female ovipositing on leaf of Nastur-
tium officinale agg. (det. F. Rose); Bough Beech, July 26 1975, female
ovipositing on Rorippa palustris (det. F. Rose) (C-H.).

Pontia daplidice L.: Bath White B. & M. of K., 1: 21.

The Bath White has not been seen in Kent to my knowledge since
one was taken at Acol on August 30 1950 (C-H.)

Anthocharis cardamines L. ssp. britannica Verity: Orange-tip
B. & M. of K., 1: 23.

Since writing in 1960, the status of this butterfly in Kent does not
seem to have altered markedly (though in 1976 it appeared in div. 15
for the first time on record) and it continues to be common in suitable
places in the county. It is relatively infrequent in 2 (Sheppey), 4 and
of course towards the border of the metropolis. It is apparently extinct
in 9.

1 (area nearest metropolis only). Elmers End, ^ , May 25 1978
(C-H.) Blackheath, June 1977, “a brief glimpse of what appeared to be
a male of this sp.” (A. A. Allen). Sydenham, one only, 1978 (R. War-
wick). Eltham, one, 1978 (W. S. R. Watson). Oxleas Woods, one male,

1977 (R. G. Rigden). Forest Hill, May 19 1979 (R. W. Waters); one,
1979 (W. G. St. John).

2 (Sheppey only). Sheerness, $ taken, 1945 (Lifton teste A. Fryer).
Near Bell Farm, three, 1960 (A. Pearman and G. Townes teste A.
Fryer). Minster-in-Sheppey, 1976, 1977, 1978 (G. N. Burton).

4. Sandwich district. — Few in recent years, April 18 1961 (2$ 5),
May 7 1964 (1), July 17 1971 ($ , presumed second generation specimen).
May 15 1976 ($), all in the town with no records for Sandwich Bay
since 1950s. Ham Fen, seen regularly in small numbers most years, two
on June 4 1978 (D. F. Harle).

9. Minster, 1947 “lane near railway line west of Minster, a few
specimens. Not seen since small wood and part of lane cleared for
agriculture” (M. F. Jones); about a dozen in 1966, locality ploughed in
1967 (C. Randall).

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, 1976 (D. F. Owen).
LYCAENIDAE
Theclinae

Callophrys rubi L.: Green Hairstreak B. & M. of K., 1: 97, 143.

Still present in propitious situations in 5, 6, 7, 8, though reduced in
numbers and more restricted owing to destruction of habitat. Few
records for elsewhere and none recently for 1-4, 6a, 9, 10, 14-16.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(215)

11. Oaken Wood, May 15 1976; Hoads Wood, May 22 1977
(KBARC.)

12. Faggs Wood, Orlestone, July 14 1970 (KBARC). Long Rope,
Orlestone, 1976 (R. Harvev per B.R.C.).

13. Pembury, 1970-72 (D. W. Webb per B.R.C.). Brokes Wood, June
1979 (N. F. Gossling).

Theda betulae L.; Brown Hairstreak B. & M. of K., 1: 93, 143.

The Brown Hairstreak has been assiduously searched for since it
was last seen in 1971, and may be presumed now to be no longer
present in the county.* Destruction of its foodplant was undoubtedly a
contributory factor, but a natural contraction of range was perhaps the
main cause of the decrease.

7. About 1938, the late A. H. Wood of Ashford told me he used
to take it on the left of the Faversham road going from Challock to
Sheldwich (C-H.).

8. C. W. Duffield “told me that he saw in 1967, a female betulae
flying around the blackthorns immediately behind his house on the Wye
Downs. We searched there together for ova in March 1972 without
success” (C. J. Luckens in Utt.).

11. Hoads Wood, two larvae beaten from sloe, June 16, one more
on June 22 1971 (Luckens, Ent. Rec. 85: 21).

12. Hedgerows north of Orlestone Woods, 50 ova, September 6 1970
(P. Cordell).

Quercusia quercus L.: Purple Hairstreak B. & M. of K., 1: 95, 143.

Still frequent in many parts of Kent, and in 1975, confirmed as
occurring in 9. No records of recent occurrence in 2, 10, 14, 16.

1. Sparrow Wood, about 150 seen flying around oaks one day in
July 1964 (F. A. Swain). Recent records are: Chalk Wood, one, July 26
1977 (H. C. Eve). Crofton Health, July 29 1978, several August 4 1979
(H. C. Eve); numerous most years (P. Sokoloff in Utt. i.l979). Fishers
Wood, Bromley, one, August 5 1979 (H. C. Eve).

3. Thornden Wood, larvae. May 29 1971 (C-H.): common locally,
1975-78 (A. D. Howell). Fordwich, July 11 1976 (KBARC). Westbere,
frequent 1976 (T. W. Harman). West Blean Wood, $, August 27 1979
(J. Platts).

5. Recent records are: High Elms, several, July 10 1976 (H. C.
Eve); numerous most years (P. Sokoloflr in Utt. 1979).

6. Otford Mount, June 29 1976; Brands Hatch, three, July 17-18
1976; Holly Hill, one July 27 1976 (H. C. Eve).

6a. Northwood Hill, 1977, 1978 (R. E. Scott).

7. Hollingbourne, July 4 1976; Stalisfield, July 11 1976 (KBARC).

8. Denge Wood, c. 1970 (C. Randall).

9. Kingsgate, July 1975, three specimens observed simultaneously
on oak bush on North Foreland Golf Course (M. I. A., S. J. and A. D.
Howell).

11. Hoads Wood, fairly common, July 20 1971 (C, J. Luckens).
Oaken Wood, June 26 1976; Near Headcorn, July 11 1976; Between
Tonbridge and Leigh, July 5 1976 (KBARC). Dering Wood (P. N.
Headley).

12. Orlestone. — Faggs Wood, 5, July 22 1962 (C-H.); July 24
1975 (H. C. Eve). Long Rope, July 30 1971 (KBARC); frequent, 1972,
1973 (P. E. Cook); July 20 1976 (H. C. Eve).

13. High Rocks, August 19 1973; Bayham Abbey, July 27 1974;
Pembury, July 18 1973 (KBARC).

14. Hawkhurst, 1956 or 1957 (A. Lawson); no more recent record
though probably still occurs (C-H.).

Strymonidia w-album Knoch: White-letter Hairstreak
B. & M. of K., 1: 96.

Still persists despite widespread destruction of its foodplant from

* There is a report {per C. Samson) of the sighting of an imago at
Northiam (just over the border in Sussex) in 1978, so possibly the species
still persists at a very low level in div. 14.

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entomologist’s record

I/X/79

Dutch elm disease. In 6a (Northwood Hill) the species has taken to
suckering elms. No recent records for 1, 10, 12-14, but in 1976 recorded
for the first time from 9.

2. Higham Marshes, one, July 3 1966 (Allen, Ent. Rec., 79: 61).
Aylesford, one, July 31 1970 (KB ARC).

3. Chestfield, one in a garden, July 7 1979 (J. Roche).

5. High Elms, regularly but not seen since 1974 despite much
searching (P. Sokoloff); two, July 10 1976 (H. C. Eve). Darwin’s Bank,
one August 15 1975 (C-H.); singletons, September 1972, June 30,
July 2 1973, July 10, 14, 1976 (P. Hogg).

6. Romney Street, one on marjoram in meadow, August 16 1975
(H. C. Eve).

6a. Northwood Hill, “Scarce in 1975 (only one seen), but increas-
ing annually since that year and definitely common in 1978. All mature
English elms are dead, but larvae now feeding on suckering elms up
to 20 feet in height” (R. E. Scott in litt.); August 14 1979 (Miss Melissa
Ironside). Chattenden, June 26 1976 (Whitebread, Proc. Br. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1977: 10: 60).

7. Queendown Warren, July 18 1970 (KBARC). Yelstead Valley
near Stockbury, larvae on Wych elm, 1977 (R. Harvey).

8. Temple Ewell, one, August 2 1970 (R. Chambers); 1974 (1),
1975 (1), 1976 (1) (A. D. Howell). Brook, 1977 (1) (J. Duffield). Wind-
gate Hill, Folkestone, five, July 1970 (P. E. Cook).

9. St. Peters, one at rest on a garden seat, July 1976 (L. Walker
per A. D. Howell).

11. Allington, July 5 1974; East Mailing, July 10 1976 (KBARC).

15. Royal Military Canal. — Many of the wych elms are now dead
and one wonders whether the insect still survives here at what was until
recently one of its best localities in Kent (C-H.); near Ham Street,
several larvae, May 18, 31 1971; an egg, December 22 1977 (C. J.
Luckens); five larvae. May 22 1976 (C-H.); June 26 1976 (KBARC);
Warehorn, larvae common. May 12 1973 (P. Cordell); a few beside the
Canal, 1978 (P. N. Headley).

Lycaeninae

Lycaena phlaeas L. ssp. eleus F.: Small Copper

B. & M. of K., 1: 100, 143.

The Small Copper continues to be found in suitable situations
throughout the county, its numbers varying noticeably according to
season, with 1967, 1969 and 1971 being above average years it seems.
For example, at Sandwich Bay it was plentiful in July 1967 and
abundant there in 1971 (D. F. Harle), and L. K. Evans found it at
Dungeness in “great plenty” on September 6 1969.

Towards the metropolis it is evidently scarce or casual and the
only records for there are: Lewisham, one, September 24 1964 (C-H.);
Forest Hill, two or three, 1976 and 1977 (W.W.G. St. John); Charlton
Park, one, August 28 1977 (A. A. Allen); Bostall Woods, one, 1978
(R. W. Waters); Woolwich Common, one, 1979 (A. A. Allen).

In the hot summer of 1976, I took at Folkestone August 26, a
specimen with well-defined tails though otherwise normal — ab. typica-
caudata Tutt (C-H).

Cupido minimus Fuessly: Small Blue. B. & M. of K., 1: 123.

No recent records of occurrence in 4, 9; and since 1960, only
recorded from 5, 6, 7, 8.

6. Between Shoreham and Otford, two July 2 1977 (H. C. Eve).
Near Cudham, a small colony has flourished for some years, last seen
1977 (P. Sokoloff). Downe, May 1979, three on the golf course (B.
Wheeler-Holohan, A. and N. Farage).

6. Between Shorehama nd Otford, two, July 2 1977 (H. C. Eve).

7. Great Culand Pit, 1966 (Massee, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1966: 118); June 30 1968 (C-H.); July 1 1970 (KBARC).

8. St. Margaret-at-Cliffe, several larvae on AnthylUs vulneraria,
July 26 1965; an imago, July 2 1967 (C-H.); June 22 1970 (KBARC);

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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1974-76 (A. D. Howell). Dover Eastcliff, August 3 1972; Temple Ewell,
June 29 1974 (KBARC). Dover Cliffs, 1976; Eastry, three, 1977-78 (A.
D. Howell), Langdon Bay, June 1 1978 (D. F. Harle). Folkestone. —
Middle Hill, 1971 (Luckens, Ent. Rec., 85: 21); Warren, 21 1975
(KBARC). Near Hythe, June 4 1976 (A. D. Howell). Round Hill,
Folkestone, several, 1977 (P. Cook). Cliffs between Dover and St.
Margaret’s Bay, numerous, July 1979 (C. Randall).

9. Ramsgate, 1946, a “colony in unused railway cutting near
Ramsgate Station”. Now “obliterated, probably when factory and car
park constructed” (M. F. Jones, in lift., 21. i. 1979).

Plebejus argus L.: Silver-studded Blue. B. & M. of K., 1: 102, 143.

The prevalent form in Kent is ssp. cretaceus Tutt, the finest race of
P. argus in Britain, of which up till about 1950 there were many
colonies both in VC15 and VC16. Soon after that the insect went into
decline, probably indirectly from the effects of myxomatosis, and in
most colonies it became extinct, and in a number of others was com-
pletely annhilated owing to the destruction of the habitat, as at
Badgers Mount where the site was planted with conifers, and at Biggin
Hill where the ground was cleared for grazing horses. Last observed in
Kent in 1966, except for a report that it occurred in some numbers in
1976 very locally in division 6. Has not been seen since however, and
is presumably now extinct.

The smaller, duller typical (heathland) form, though much more
generally distributed in England, was always very restricted in Kent. There
is no confirmed record of the occurrence in the county of this race for
nearly 40 years, and it too appears to have gone.

[de Worms (Lond. Nat., 1978 (57), 83) records that T. Smith noted
P. argus near Downe (div. 5) in 1976 together with L. bellargus (q.v.)
as follows: “He also saw this species [bellargus] near Downe, together
with some of the chalk form of the silver-studded blue Plebejus argus
. . .”. Having spoken to Mr. Smith 1 am satisfied this is based on an
erroneous identification (C-H.).]

The following appear to be the only records of the occurrence of
argus in Kent since 1961.

5. Badgers Mount, fairly plentiful, 1962 (W. D. Hamilton):

July 21 1962, upperside heavily peppered with black scales on all

wings. A melanic form”, specimen in RCK coll, at BMNH (R. M.
Craske).

6. Kemsing. — “I collected at Kemsing 1946-1948 when it was in
great profusion. Also 1949-1952 when numbers were reduced owing to
cattle. When collecting at Badgers Mount 1961-63, I checked Kemsing
but could find none. However in 1965 (10.7), I, to my surprise observed
about a dozen including 2 s. On 6.7.66 I visited the down again and saw
about the same number, all fresh, I have not been since then” (R. M.
Craske in litt. 30.vii.l977).

About 12 males reported and two taken (one of which I was shown)
at a locality in this division, on June 21 1976. I and a friend searched
the locality assiduously, but unsuccessfully, on altogether seven occasions
in fine weather at suitable intervals from June 23 to July 26 1979 (C-H.).

Aricia agestis D. & S.: Brown Argus B. & M. of K., 1: 107.

Still fairly frequent in favourable localities in 4-6, 7-8. Elsewhere
the only recent records are those hereunder.

1. Crofton Heath, one, August 3 1976 (H. C. Eve).

2. Sheppey, two 1960; Sheerness Canal Bank, September 2 1964
(J. Fryer). Minster-in-Sheppey, 1976-77 (G. N. Burton).

3. Church Wood, Blean, in fields to south-west, August 21 1976
(H. C. Eve); Blean, August 14 1976 (KBARC).

11. Oaken Wood, May 29 1976; Penenden Heath, July 23 1976;
Pluckley, August 1 1976; Addington, September 12 1978 (KBARQ.

12. Long Rope, Orlestone, one, August 2 1972 (P. E. Cook).

13. High Rocks, Tunbridge Wells, July 21 1973 (KBARC). Brokes
Wood, August 1976 (N. F. Gossling).

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entomologist’s record

I/XI-XII/79

14. Wittersham, c. 1968 (B. R. Sindall).

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, numerous 1976 (D. F. Owen).

Polymmatus icarus Rottemburg: Common Blue B. & M. of K., 1: 109.

Continues to be plentiful in suitable places throughout the county,
and is even found close to the boundary of the metropolis, as on waste-
land at Woolwich Dockyard, several 5 ^ , August 1972 (R. G. Rigden),
on Woolwich Common, numerous 1978 and abundant 1979 (A. A.
Allen); in 1976 and 1977 at Forest Hill (W. G. St. John), and severally
on the railway track there on August 26 1979 (R. W. Waters).

At Wye, in 1978, a $ icarus was observed ovipositing on black
medick {Medicago lupulina) (J. Roche).

Lysandra coridon Poda: Chalkhill Blue B. & M. of K., 1: 111, 144.

Is still locally plentiful in 6, 7 and 8 though less so than formerly,
and now much less numerous in the Wye area (div. 8) where in 1978
it made only a very weak appearance (J. Duffield). Elsewhere probably
casual, as at Lullingstone Park Golf Course (div. 5), $ July 23 1976
(P. Sokoloff); High Halstow (div. 6a), July 25 1976 (KBARC).

At St. Margarets Bay in 1978, J. Roche found a larva of coridon
on Anthyllis vulneraria .

First Record, 1794: Is “taken on the chalky hills and pits leading to
Darent Wood, a little distance beyond Hartford, Kent'’’’ (Donovan,
Instructions, 34). This replaces the first record given.

L. bellargus Rottemburg: Adonis Blue B. & M. of K-, 1: 116, 144.

Probably now only found with certainty in 7 and 8, where it is
much reduced. Questionably if still present in 6.

[Ruxley (div. 1); Near Downe (div. 5) (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1978
(57): 83), is based on erroneous determinations, as is the record by the
same observer for near Downe of Plebejus argus (^.v.).]

6. Otford, fairly numerous, September 2 1962, since when I have
looked for it in vain there (C-H.). Wrotham Heath, two, August 1978,
locality now destroyed by road works (C. Buckingham).

7. Queendown Warren, plentiful, chiefly $ $, August 19 1962 (E.
Scott, Diary)', 1971 (Hancock, Ent. Rec., 83: 358); about ten 1976 (C.
Lane); three fresh $ S, June 8 1979 (P. Kirby). Burham, 1968, “in
tens of thousands” (C. Lane); Burham Down, June 9 1974 (KBARC);
August 24 ($), 31 ($), September 8 (^) 1974 (J. F. D. Frazer).
Bredhurst, a few c. 1971 (R. Lane). Westwell (Scott, 1964); no recent
record (C-H.).

8. Folkestone. — Warren, $ , July 19 1965, September 8 1969 (L.
K. Evans); September 23 1970, July 6 1974 (C. J. Luckens); August 22
1976, July 3 1977 (H. C. Eve); $, August 26 1976 (C-H.); Middle Hill,
plentiful, June 2, 16, 22, August 25-September 5 1971 (Luckens, Ent.
Rec., 85: 20, 21, 87); Castle Hill and above Holly well, July 2, August
18 1975, August 22 1976, July 3 1977 (H. C. Eve); August 26 1976
(C-H.); now more local and confined to parts of the downs and to several
places in the Warren; occasionally taken on Castle Hill, Sugar Loaf
Hill, Arpinge Downs, Wingate Hill; common on Cheriton Downs, 1970,
but has almost disappeared; the rapid development of chalk scrub on
Middle Hill, particularly in the last 2-3 years is almost certain to threaten
the existance of this main colony in the Folkestone area (P. E. Cooke
in litt., 23.viii.1979); near Hythe, 1974, 1975, 1976 (A. D. Howell); June
4 1976 (T. W. Harman). Temple Ewell, 1971; Alkham, 1975 (A. D.
Howell). Cliffs between Dover and St. Margaret, August 22 1976 (H. C.
Eve). Dover, by the Castle, two, 1978 (C.Lane). [Brook, appears to
have gone from here (J. Duffield, pers. comm., 27. i. 1979).] Wye chalk
pit; Crundale (Scott, 1964); no recent record for either locality (C-H.).

Celastrina argiolus L. ssp. britanna Verity: Holly Blue
B. & M. of K., 1: 121.

Of regular occurrence throughout Kent though seldom abundant,
as for instance in Ham Street National Nature Reserve in 1970, when
J. Maylam {pers. comm.) referred to a “tremendous eruption” there with

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(219)

the place becoming “alive with them”; and Scott (1964) who observed,
“I once found it swarming at the flowers of a Berberis bush in Westwell
Woods”.

In 1978, D. F, Harle noted one at Sandwich as late as October 10.
NEMEOBIIDAE

Hemearis lucina L.: Duke of Burgundy B. & M. K., 1: 92, 142.

The following records are the only ones I have of its occurrence
since 1960,

7. Kings Wood, three, June 9 1963 (C.-H.). Challock Woods, May
11, and locally common. May 14, also noted May 21 1961 (E. Scott,
Diary); May 1966 (B. D. Moreton in KB ARC). Penenden Heath, May
29 1976; Broad Street, May 22 1976 (C. Samson in KB ARC). Downs
near Hollingbourne, May 23 1976 (P. Kirby and C. McDiarmid in
KBARC); 11 $$, 4 $ $ and 16 ova found on Cowslip {Primula veris),
June 16 1979 (P. Kirby).

8. Dover district. — “Its last stronghold was a rough field with
many cowslips at Covert Wood, Barham, but this wae reclaimed in 1973
and the insect hasn’t been seen since. Last seen 1972” (R. Chambers
in lift.). Crundale Downs, a small colony which died out, one seen in
1975, not since (P. N. Headley); the area was poison-sprayed (C.-H.).
Wye Downs, June 12 1967 (A. Gibson in KBARC); a few, May 21,
abundant June 2 1971 (Luckens, Ent. Rec., 85: 19-20); a few, June 1
1977 (C.-H.); numerous very locally, 1978 (J. Duffield). Near Godmer-
sham, numerous, 1979 (J. Duffield, M. Enfield and others).

12. Faggs Wood, Orlestone, two worn $ S, June 9 1964 (C-H.);
June 14 1970 (A. Gibson in KBARC); Long Rope, Orlestone, $, June
6 1970 (P. E. Cook); Orlestone Forest, a few in 1974 (P. N. Headley);
Ham Street National Nature Reserve, two only, 1973 (J. Maylam).

NYMPHALIDAE

Ladoga Camilla L.: White Admiral B. & M. of K., 1: 55, 140.

The range of this butterfly in Kent has shown a very marked con-
traction over the past 20 years, and the only records that I have of its
occurrence since 1960, are for divisions 1, 5 and 11-13, and it is notably
absent from the whole of the Blean area (div. 3).

1. Spring Park Wood, one seen by me about 1965 (C.-H.).

5. High Elms, one, 1961 (D. W. Webb).

6a. Darenth Wood, July 19 1959 (A. J. Showier).

11. Hoads Wood, several seen by P. Hawkey, July 1 1967 (F. A.
Swain); July 1968 (B. D. Moreton in KBARC); a few, July 20 1971 (C.
J. Luckens); 1977 (P. N. Headley); about two dozen, 1978 (P. Horton);
six, July 27 1979 (M. Enfield); Dering Wood, July 13 1970 (P. J. Hodge);
Pluckley-High Halden area, after 1967 (A. Bedford Russell per B.R.C.).
Mereworth Wood, one 1967 (C. Samson).

12. Orlestone Forest. — One fresh, July 19 1963, one, July 26 1964,
two fresh $ 5 in Long Rope, July 23 1972 and about six fresh 5 S
there July 12 1977 (C.-H.); Long Rope, about 15, July 11 1971, three,
1976 (P. E. Cook); Faggs Wood, July 10 1970 (A. Gibson in KBARC);
Long Rope, three, July 28 1979 (M. Enfield). Ham Street National
Nature Reserve, noted annually since 1973, but less common now and in
only very small numbers (J. Maylam pers. comm, iii.1979).

13. High Rocks, Tunbridge Wells, July 21 1973 (N. F. Gossling in
KBARC). Bayham Abbey, July 27 1974 (D. W. Webb in KBARC).
Combwell Wood, July 29 1968 (P. J. Hodge). Bedgebury, June 28 1970
(E. C. Still and D. Elphic in KBARC); July 14 1974 (D. Dey in KBARC).
Great Sandhurst Wood, Tunbridge Wells, two, 1978 (D. W. Webb).

Variation. — The following early reference to a melanic Camilla
is of interest. In a letter to W. T. Bree, A. H. Haworth wrote: “The
black variety of Limenitis Camilla fig’d.Mag. Nat. Hist. J. Zool., 5:
667, I have seen, and described, in the collection of the late General
Davis, at Blackheath. It was caught in Hanging Wood Charlton . . .”
(Bree, Mag. Nat. Hist. J. Zool., 6: 175).

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ExNTOMOLOGIST’s record

I/XI-XII/79

Apatura iris L.: Purple Emperor B. & M., of K., 1: 52, 140.

Two confirmed records only since 1960.

12. Orlestone Woods, July 20 1962: “I saw an iris which flew up
off the road in front of me as I was cycling along the lane near Mrs.
Davison’s house [i.e. at the edge of Long Rope and Birchett Wood] .
It flew up over the trees so that I was not able to catch it” (M. A.
Enfield in lift. 24.vii.1962). Ruckinge, a female seen at rest on the
bonnet of a tractor in July 1967 by J. Maylam (J. Maylam pers. comm.).

Vanessa atalanta L.: Red Admiral B. & M. of K., 1: 59, 140

Since 1960, this butterfly has been noted annually in Kent to 1979
inclusive, and occurred in considerable numbers in 1962, 1966, 1968,
1973 and 1976, but was decidedly scarce in 1972 and 1978.

Instances when actual immigration was witnessed are few. Speci-
mens were noted flying in from the sea by J. V. de Dal, September 21
1968; one from the sea, October 6 1968 by T. M. Ruck; several seen
coming in off the sea, July 10 1970, and on other dates in July till
September 26 1970 — all at Sandwich Bay (D. F. Harle). Newman
{Ent. Rec., 81: 283) recorded an immigration at Broadstairs, that took
place on June 10 1969.

There is evidence strongly indicative of atalanta emigrating from
Britain in the late summer and autumn. On the coast in 1973, many
atalanta were observed gathered in a garden at Dover on September 7,
and many at Lydd on September 25 (G. H. Youden); and at Rye just
over the Kent border in Sussex on September 20, I counted 15 atalanta
flying wildly in overcast weather high up about buildings in the town
during the afternoon with some three to four on the wing at a time.
Was this starnge behaviour a preliminary to emigrating en masse, or
were they preparing for hibernation? (C.-H.).

Exceptional dates are: 1961: Herne Bay, third week in March, one
seen by Miss D. M. Chapman (P. D. Hanson per R. A. French); West-
well, November 1, 2, 3, one on each date (E. Scott, Diary). 1962:
Westwell, November 8, one (E. Scott, Diary). 1967: Kingswood, Wye,
one, January 29 (French, Entomologist, 104: 213). 1977: Sandwich Bay,
a “tatty” specimen seen March 8 (D. F. Harle).

The butterfly is occasionally noted at light. Thus, E. A. Sadler
observed one attracted to his m.v.l. at Faggs Wood, Orlestone on
September 3 1964; and there is the old record of a specimen attracted
to a lamp near Gravesend (Carrington, Entomologist, 20: 204).

Allen {Ent. Rec., 82: 62) records an ab. taken by G. Shephard at
St. Margaret’s Bay, October 17 1969 “with the hindwing borders of a
dull orange, shading outwardly to a lighter yellowish tint”.

Cynthia cardui L.: Painted Lady B. & M. of K., 1: 60, 140.

This butterfly has been seen every year in Kent from 1961 to 1979
inclusive, and in some it appeared in plenty. J. Fryer (in litt.) wrote
that on Sheppey in 1962, “vast numbers were seen all over the north-
western part of the island”; D. F. Harle noted that at Sandwich, 1966.
1968, 1972 and 1974 were good years for cardui; and P. E. Cook observed
it as abundant in 1970 in the Folkestone district, but scarce there in
1973-75.

The species had not been noted on Carline Thistle (Carlina vulgaris)
in Kent it seems until I found a small larva on this in Folkestone
Warren on July 5 1970 (C.-H.).

Very occasionally the butterfly comes to light, and there is Carring-
ton’s old record (in Entomologist , 20: 204) of one he saw at a lamp
near Gravesend.

Aglais urticae L.: Small Tortoiseshell B. & M. of K., 1: 71

A very common butterfly still and the most numerous among the
Nymphalidae, which from time to time probably finds its way into every
part of the county.

At Sandwich Bay, D. M. Batchelor (per D. F. Harle) reported it as
very common on April 7 1969 — “extremely large numbers about S. Bay
estate . . . more than for many years past”; and the same recorder
noted a “steady immigration” of it there on August 19 1969 in the
Stour estuary.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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As with Vanessa atalanta, there are indications of urticae emigrat-
ing from Britain in the late summer and autumn, and in 1971, D. M.
Batchelor (per D. F. Harle) reported seeing several at Sandwich on
August 31 and again on October 9, “flying S.S.E. out to sea”.

Nymphalis polychloros L.: Large Tortoiseshell
B. & M. of K., 1: 67, 141.

The only records of the occurrence of this species in Kent since
1958 are, 1961: Sandwich Bay, one seen among elms (D. M. Batchelor
per D. F. Harle). 1965: Allington Lock near Sandling, west of Maid-
stone, larvae on elm, mid July (Samson, Ent. Rec., 88: 176). 1969:
Acrise (61/14) (div. 8), August, one, in coll. D. J. Hunt, taken by a
student of Nottingham University (B.R.C.; D. J. Hunt in lift.). 1975:
Charlton, one seen by J. Hider, early June (Allen, Ent. Rec., 89: 316).
1976: Dover, $ September 14 (Youden, Ent. Rec., 88: 280). 1977:
Folkestone Leas, August 23 (Warren, Ent. Rec., 89: 348).

Additional earlier records are: 1902: Kingsdown (div. 8), one taken
August 6; Hollingbourne (div. 7), one in a bedroom, September 30 (R.
A. Jackson, Diary). 1945: Ramsgate, specimen on bombed-site over-
grown with buddleia (M. F. Jones).

N. antiopa L.: Camberwell Beauty B. & M. of K., 1: 64, 140
Altogether 27 antiopa have been recorded for Kent since 1959 to-
date (1979), of which 21 occurred in 1976.

4968: Gravesend, one captured by Miss J. Barnes, November 4
(Ford, Ent. Gaz., 20: 48). 1973: Hayes Common (Keston end of Com-
mon), one taken on buddleja by A. Holmes, July 31 (Burrows, Ent.
Rec., 85: 269). Circa 1968: Bromley, one seen at rest in the town (B.
Wheeler-Holohan). 1974: Forest Hill, one taken September 19 (St. John,
Ent. Gaz., 26: 66; Gardiner, Ent. Gaz., 26: 152).

1976: Maidstone, August 8 (Snellgrove per Philp, Ent. Rec., 88:
304). Kearsney (div. 8), one imbibing from plum fruit, August 22 (T.
Lancaster teste D. F. Harle). Middle Wood, Shoreham, August 23
(Aston, Ent. Rec., 88: 255). Cranbrook, August 23 (Mrs. J. Oldaker per
Philp, Ent. Rec., 88: 304). Wickham Pit, Strood, August 23, seen by
R. H. Appleton (R. Foord per Chalmers-Hunt, Ent. Rec., 89: 97).
Canterbury, August 24 (Mrs. A. E. Harvey per Chalmer-Hunt, loc.
cit.). Four Elms, Edenbridge, August 25 (K. G. W. Evans per Chalmers-
Hunt, loc. cit.). Walmer, August 30 (D. C. Wynn per Chalmers-Hunt,
loc. cit.). Castle Hill, Tonbridge, August 30 (Everett, The Field, 249:
757). Ruckinge, August, one seen by D. P. Maylam (J. C. Maylam).
Cliffe Marshes, September 1 (Philp, Ent. Rec., 88: 304). Westbrook
(div. 9), one in a greenhouse, September 1 (C. M. Solly per D. F.
Harle). Temple Ewell, September 2 (R. Chambers per Chalmers-Hunt,
loc. cit.). Mereworth, September 7, taken by I. Edwards (P. E. Smart
per Chalmers-Hunt, loc. cit.). Orpington, September 7 (S. Boucher per
Sokoloff, Ent. Rec., 88: 293) (Chandler, Ent. Rec., 89: 348 refers).
Dartford, September (first week), seen by Mrs. V. L. Pike (D. J. Carter
per Chalmers-Hunt, loc. cit.). Cranbrook, September 8 (T. Seward per
Philp, Ent. Rec., 88: 304). Minster, Sheppey, September 20, seen by
G. N. Burton (J. Heath per Chalmers-Hunt, loc. cit.). Murston, October
16 (E. Philp per Chalmers-Hunt, Ent. Rec., 89: 248). Orpington,

November 10 (Brown, Ent. Rec., 89: 54). Sandwich, date and observer’s
name not stated (The Times, 4.ix.76).

1978: Sheerness, August 21 (Philp, Ent. Rec., 91: 76). 1979: Shore-
ham, July 26, at 2 p.m. one seen by Mrs. D. Wildbore flying about
jasmine in her garden (Mrs. D. Wildbore).

Inachis io L.: Peacock B. & M. of K., 1: 62, 140

This butterfly has been remarkably numerous of late, good years
being 1966, 1968, 1972, 1975, and in 1976 it appears to have produced a
third generation. Thus, de Worms (Lond. Nat., 1978 (57): 83) records
that at Orpington, P. J. Strangeman “noted a freshly-emerged peacock
as late as 5 November 1976 which is especially noteworthy, since there is
plenty of evidence that there were two broods of this insect, the first in July

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entomologist’s record

and another in late September, never previously recorded for the British
Isles so far as I am aware. He had already seen this butterfly at Shore-
ham on 18 July, an early date for the main summer brood”. Note: In
1976, I noted the butterfly at Darenth Wood on July 16 (C.-H.).

In 1961 {The Butterflies and Moths of Kent, 1: 62) I stated that io
had been recorded from all divisions except 15. I can now add two
records of this species for 15 as follows: Dymchurch, 1976 (D.F. Owen);
Dungeness, September 3 1978 (E. Philp).

Polygonia c-album L.: Comma B. & M. of K., 1: 72, 141

Since 1960 generally speaking, the status of this butterfly does not
seem to have undergone any very marked change, and the insect appears
still to be of regular occurrence in wooded areas throughout the county.
It has also occurred, though less regularly, close to the border of the
metropolis in division 1, and in 2 (Sheppey), 4, 9, 15 and 16, as shown
hereunder. At Orpington (div. 1), it has seemingly increased in numbers
over the past ten years, and in 1976, P. SokolofF observed the second
brood specimens to be more numerous on buddleja than Inachis io.

1 (area nearest metropolis only). Blackheath (Allen, Ent. Rec., 79:
61, 81: 150). Lower Sydenham (St. John, Ent. Gaz., 19: 32). Eltham,
one at Falconwood, 1978 (W. S. R. Watson), Sydenham, one 1978
(R. Warwick). Abbey Wood and Plumstead, in 1977 or 1978 (R. G.
Rig den).

2 (Sheppey). Near Halfway: Minster Cliffs; Sheerness, three in a
garden; best year 1961 (J. Fryer in litt., 14.xii.l963) Minster-in-Sheppev,
1976 (G. N. Burton).

4. Sandwich, one, 1969 (T. W. Harman); 1967 (1), 1970 (5), 1972
(1), 1974 (3), 1976 (3), 1977 (1) (D. F. Harle). i

9. Isle of Thanet, between 1973 and 1978, “a rare visitor to gar-
dens” (M. F. Jones). Pegwell Bay, several per annum, 1976-78 (C.
Randall).

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, 1976, 1977 and 1978 (D. F.
Owen).

16. Folkestone Town, occasionally (P. E. Cook in litt., 23.viii.1979).

Boloria selene D. & S.: Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary
B. & M. of K., 1: 85, 142.

Has declined as much, if not more so, than B. euphrosyne (q.v.)
over the past 25 years. The following are the most recent records we
have of its occurrence in Kent since 1960.

7. Long Beech and Challock (Scott, 1964). Broad Street, May 22
1976 (C. Samson in KB ARC).

8. Valley below Lydden Wood, seen there by T. Dixon in 1971 (R.
Chambers).

11. Oaken Wood, June 4 1976 (C. Samson in KBARC). March Wood
near Hoads Wood, several, 1978 (P. N. Headley).

12. Faggs Wood, two fresh S S, June 9 1964 (C.-H.); June 14 1970

(A. Gibson in KBARC). Orlestone Woods, June 17 1972 (Withers, Ent.
Rec., 85: 171). Long Rope, fresh June 7 1974 (C.-H.); May 31 (2),

June 21 (1) 1976 (H. C. Eve). Near Kennardington, May 31 1976 (P.
Kirby & C. McDiarmid in KBARC). Hothfield Bog, “a few worn selene”.
July 23 1961 (E. Scott, Diary)', there is “in Hothfield bog a colony which
emerges in late June” (Scott, 1964). [Ham Street N.N.R., not present
(J. C. Maylam pers. comm. 27.ii.1979)] .

13. Newpark Wood, June 15 1974 (D. W. Webb in KBARQ.

B. euphrosyne L.: Pearl-bordered Fritillary B. & M. of K., 1: 84, 142
Has become much less numerous and far more restricted in distribu-
tion during the past 25 years, and the following are the only records we
have since 1960.

1. Forest Hill, one in garden, c. 1970, a stray (W. G. St. John).

3. Church Wood, Blean, one June 13 1965; West Blean Wood,
fairly numerous. May 29 1971; Thornden Wood, several $ $ and $ $,
June 9 1975 (C.-H.). Clowes Wood, one very fresh, June 1 1975 (H. C.
Eve). Trenley Park Wood, one 1975; Thornden Wood, 1974-78, plentiful

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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in 1974, scarce 1978 (D. A. Howell). Church Wood, three on bugle. May
9 1976 (T. W. Harman); several, 1979 (P. Horton).

5. Badger’s Mount, one, June 2 1963 (C.-H.).

7. Kings Wood, several, June 9 1963 (C-H.). Challock Forest, June
1967; Durham Downs, June 1967 (D. Postill in KB ARC). Penenden
Heath, May 15 1976; Broad Street, May 8 1976 (D. Samson in KBARQ.
Long Beech Wood, June 13 1976 (P. Kirby & C. McDiarmid in KBARC).

8. Covert Wood, Barham, fairly common (R. Chambers). Wye
Downs N.N.R., May 23 1976 (P. Kirby & C. McDiarmid in KBARC3).

11. Kings Wood (TQ8551), July 1967 (A. Gibson in KBARC);
(TQ85K), May 9 1976 (P. Kirby & C. McDiarmid); about 24 of both
sexes in a freshly cut chestnut coppice, June 4 1979 (P. Kirby). Hoads
Wood, June 1968 (B. D. Moreton in KBARC); June 4 1978 (D. Dey in
KBARC). Oaken Wood, May 29 1974 (D. Postill in KBARC). Near
Yalding, June 1969 (A. Gibson in KBARC). Birch Wood near Bethers-
den, June 13 1976 (P. Kirby & C. McDiarmid in KBARC). March Wood
near Hoads Wood, 1976 (P. N. Headley).

12. Orlestone Forest. — Faggs Wood, $, 4 $S, May 22 1961,
worn S , June 9 1964; Long Rope, two worn, June 5 1962, about 20,
May 25 1965, a few worn, June 7 1974 (C.-H.); Faggs Wood, May 31
1970; Orlestone Forest, June 3 1973, May 24 1974 (KBARC); Long
Rope, pair in cop., May 28 1979 (M. Enfield). [Ham Street N.N.R., not
present (J. C. Maylam pers. comm., 27.ii.1979)] .

13. Bedgebury, May 26 1974 (D. Dey in KBARC); May 25 1977
(P. Kirby & C. McDiarmid in KBARC).

Argynnis lathonia L.: Queen of Spain Fritillarv

B. & M. of K., 1: 81, 142

Although some 250 lathonia have been recorded from Kent, which
exceeds the total number of this species for the whole of the rest of
Great Britain, none has been recorded to-date (1979) for the county since
it last occurred here in 1946. Thus, a gap of 35 years has so far elapsed
without any sight of it, and the longest period of non-occurrence in
Kent since it was first recorded in 1818. N.B. Since writing the above I
have received a record from P. E. Cook that one was taken in 1964 or
1965 at Langdon Bay, Dover, by Philip Eaton of Ashford, who has the
specimen in his collection (C.-H.).

A. adippe D. & S. ssp. vulgoadippe Verity: High Brown Fritillarv

B. & M. of K., 1: 77, 141

No record of occurrence since 1971.

11. Hoads Wood, c. 1968 (R. Chambers); July 23 1971, S netted
and released in an adjacent clearing (Luckens, Ent. Rec., 85: 87).

12. Birchett Wood, Orlestone, a worn 9 , July 27 1963 (C.-H.).
Orlestone Forest, a few, 1968 (P. N. Headley). Orlestone Forest, June
1970; Hothfield Common, June 1970 (B. D. Moreton in KBARC).

A. aglaja L.: Dark Green Fritillary B. & M. of K., 1: 79, 141

Appears generally less numerous than it was 20 years ago, and in
the eastern half of the county seems now to have gone from most of its
former localities. Still frequent in div. 6.

3. Clowes Wood, one flying rapidly along a ride, 1974 (A. D.
Howell).

5. High Elms, one, July 21 1975; Leaves Green, two, July 27 1977
(H. C. Eve). Biggin Hill, S, July 28 1977 (C.-H.). White Hill, Shoreham,
one, July 26 1976 (H. C. Eve).

6. The Birches, Eynsford, a few, July 5 1961 (C.-H.). Trottiscliff,
August 8 1965, August 11 1973, July 29 1975, July 30 1977; Otford
July 7 1974; Holly Hill, August5 1975 (KBARQ. Shoreham-Otford
Downs, July 18 (5), August 3 (3) 1974, July 23 1975 (several), June 27
(many), July 26 (2) 1976; Shore Hill, Kemsing, August 16 (1) 1975;
Otford Mount, June 29 1976 (3); Otford Downs, July 26 1976 (2) (H. C.
Eve). Upper Austin Lodge, Eynsford, many August 5 1978, usually
plentiful and often abundant in this locality (P. A. Sokoloflf). Shoreham

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entomologist’s record

district, July 14 (about 12 3 26 (a few worn S 3y one fresh $)

1979 (C.-H.).

7. Hollingbourne, July 27 1975, June 24 1976 (KBARC); seven
3 3, July 16 1979 (P. Kirby). Bluebell Hill, June 27 1976; Hempsead,
July 10 1977 (KBARC).

8. Snowdown near Nonington, two, July 1 1961 (D. F. Harle).
Brook, not seen for about ten years (J. Duffield pers. comm. 27.i.l979).
Temple Ewell, June 29 1974 (KBARC). Dover, “can occasionally be seen
flying at high speed at the Warren, East Cliffs and Temple Hill” (R.
Chambers in lift. xi.l978). [Appears to have completely gone from
Folkestone district (P. E. Cook in litt. 23.viii.1979)] .

A. paphia L.: Silver-washed Fritillary B. & M. of K., 1: 75, 141

Apparently now very scarce, and the only records I have of its
occurrence in Kent since 1960 are those hereunder. Scott, Annotated
List of Lepidoptera Occurring in the Neighbourhood of Ashford (1964)
calls it the most “most common of our woodland frittillaries”, a state-
ment that is unsupported by the records and the truth of which I very
much doubt (C.-H.).

1. Abbey Wood, one 3, August 1976, on buddleja in garden (R.
G. Rigden). Farningham Woods, one, 1976 (P. Sokoloff).

5. High Elms, ?, July 27 1961 (D. W. Webb). Farnborough, 4
3 3, July 24 1979 (B. Wheeler-Holohan). Beechen Wood, Lullingstone,
3 , July 13 1979 (A. A. Allen).

6. Meopham, one on buddleja, 1976 (R. G. Rigden) Whiteleaf
Down , Kemsing, one observed closely at rest, c. 1976 (P. Hogg).

8. Eastry, one 1978, flying along disused railway line near Hernden
and netted by M. I. A. Howell (A. D. Howell).

11. Hoads Wood, two, 1961 (P. Cue per E. Scott, Diary, 6.vii.l961);
c. 1968 (R. Chambers).

12. Faggs Wood, July 26 1964 (A. Gibson in KBARC); one, 1976
(P. E. Cook); Orlestone Forest, July 20 1974 (D. Dey in KBARC).
Bourne Wood, 3 , 1976 (J. C. Maylem).

Euphydryas aurinia Rottemburg: Marsh Fritillary.

B &M. of K, 1: 90, 142

Fruhstorfer (1917, ArcMv. Naturgeschicte, 82: (pt. AZ): 6) des-
cribed ssp. anglicana with type locality Kent.

Hills (Ent. Rec., 17: 187) writing on June 1 1905 has: “This day
I found a 9 of Melitaea aurinia depositing in a field near Ham p-onds”
(div. 4).

Melitaea cinxia L.: Glanville Fritillary B. & M. of K., 1: 89

An interleaved annotated copy of Wood’s Index of Entomologicus
(1839) in my possession bears the following ms. note: “Dover June &
July 1842” (C.-H.).

[There is a reference to cinxia having been put down at Otford
(div 6) “by a member a few years ago” (cf. Trundell, Pro. S. Lond. ent.
nat. Hist. Soc., 1964: 31)].

M diet a athalia Rottemburg: Heath Fritillary.

B. & M. of K., 1: 87, 142.

Still persists over a wide range in the Blean, and during 1979 was
noted there in four well defined colonies. However, the species is exceed-
ingly local, and as the area is an extensive one, probably there are other
colonies present.

Note: Since writing the above, T. W. Harmen has told me (m lift.)
that in 1979, members of the Whitstable Natural History Society carried
out a preliminary survey of athalia in the Blean woods complex. He
writes: “A week in early July was chosen for the operation and mem-
bers held an initial field meeting on a Sunday at which about 15
members divided into groups to explore wooded areas within the
complex. This meeting was followed up with a number of late afternoon
visits by individuals and small groups to cover other areas. Atlhough
no claim is made that every possible habitat has been visited this year.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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the butterfly was found in at least six separate colonies oyer a widely
scattered area. All these colonies are very localised, but in some, the
butterfly was abundant. Since the whole of the Blean Forest complex
appears to be vulnerable to drastic and sudden change in its afforestation
methods, it is hoped to continue the athalia survey on an annual
basis”.

3. East Blean. — Larvae common on cow wheat and an imago
seen, June 5 1965 (G. H. Youden); several imagines May 29, July 10
1971 (C.-H.). Childs Forstel Wood, numerous in 1973 and 1974, by 1976
it seems to have disappeared, the habitat having become overgrown
(E. S. Bradford).

Thornden Wood, abundant, June 20 1970 (P. Cordell); July 20
1974 (E. Philp); plentiful, 1978 (J. Platts); abundant, July 6-7 1979 (A.
Archer-Lock). Honey Wood, a single small larva crawling up Veronica
officinale, apparently no cow wheat near. May 29 1971, found by J.
Roche (C.-H.). West Blean Woods, 1974-78 (A. D. Howell); about 80
seen in one day in 1977 (R. Fairclough); in fair numbers, July 6-7 1979
(A. Archer-Lock). Qowes Wood, July 3 1976 (H. C. Eve); July 2 1977
(P. Kirbv and C. McDiarmid in KBARC).

Church Wood, July 2 1968, June 25 1970, July 14 1971, 1973, 1974,
(Luckens, Ent. Rec., 83; 261; ibid., 85: 86; ibid. pers. comm.). Church
and N. Bishopden Woods, July 3 1976 (H. C. Eve). Church Wood, July
8 1977 (C.-H.); a few, July 6-7 1979 (A. Archer-Lock). Church Wood
NNR, July 16 1978 (L. Packer); a few, 1979 (P. Horton).

Pararge aegeria L. ssp. tircis Butler: Speckled Wood.

B. & M. of K., 1: 36, 138.

Since 1960 this species has become one of the commonest butter-
flies in the county, especially in wooded areas.

At Orlestone Forest (div. 12), I recorded seeing some 70 examples
on September 11 1966 (C.-H.), and F. A. Swain counted 45 at Crofton
(div. 1) on August 20 1967. It has now become of frequent occurrence
in div. 3, e.g. Church Wood, Blean, August 21 1976 (H. C. Eve);
Ellenden Wood, June 13 1976, August 20 1978 (C.-H.); Bishopstone,
many September 6 1977 (KBARC). In north-west Kent, it has extended
its range into the metropolitan area of div. 1, at least as far as Black-
heath (cf. Allen, Ent. Rec., 79: 61, 81: 149, 82: 317), and in August
1979 was noted in Oxlease Wood, Shooters Hill (A. A. Allen), and on
the railway bank at Forest Hill, August 25 1979 (R. Waters).

The following were perhaps casuals: Sandwich Bay (div. 4), May
2 1970, “the first for three years” (D. M. Batchelor); Dungeness (div.
15), one fresh specimen by the Long Ponds, September 19 1978 (C.-H.);
Minster-in-Sheppey (div. 2), singletons in 1976 and 1977 (G. N.
Burton); Yantlett Creek (div. 2), one, 1979 (D. F. Harle).

At Hoads Wood (div. 11), June 9 1976, I observed one ovipositing
on a stem of Agrostis canina (det. F. Rose); and at Downe Bank (div. 5),
Julv 2 1977, one ovipositing on a blade of Brachvpodium svlvaticum
(C.-H.).

Lasiommata megera L.: Wall. B. & M. of K., 1: 33, 138.

Appears to have been rather less numerous in the county as a
whole in 1978 and 1979, but otherwise has not shown any very marked
change in distribution or appreciable decrease over the past 20 years.
According to the KBARC records, since 1971 it has been recorded
from every complete 10 km square in the county, excepting that area
of Kent encroached upon by the County of London.

The butterfly continues in the area adjacent to the metropolis,
where it has been reported from: Catford, one. May 19 1946 (P.
Cordell); Near Beckenham, one, August 26 1960 (C.-H.); Blackheath.
1966, and in 1970 both broods well represented (Allen, Ent. Rec., 79:
61, 82: 317); “Not, or hardly, seen at Blackheath since 1970. One in
my (Tharlton garden, 1974”. Charlton, 1978, “very locally along a path
and in one end of a large piece of waste ground, near the river” (A. A.
Allen in litt. 1979): Abbey Wood, Plumsted, Welling, Shooters Hill,

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entomologist’s record

I/II/80

1977 or 1978 (R. G. Rigden); Forest Hill, annually in small numbers
(W. G. St. John, pers. comm., 19.iii.l979); Charlton, 1979 (A. A. Allen).

Melanargia galathea L. ssp. serena Verity: Marbled White.

B. & M. of K., 1: 49, 139.

Apparently now less numerous and more restricted than in 1960.

2. Grain, one along sea wall, July 30 1961 (E. Philp).

3. Clowes Wood, one “heading west”, July 3 1976 (H. C. Eve).

4. Sandwich Bay, several, fresh, July 7 1961; July 9 1976 (C.-H.);
one, July 24 1967 (T. W. Harman); fairly numerous, July 2 — August 6
1970 (D. Batchelor). Ebbsfleet, plentiful 1975, several 1976 (M. I., S. J.
and A. D. Howell). Sandwich Bay to Deal, several colonies throughout
dunes, in 1977 and 1978 — more numerous a few years ago, though
scarcer in 1971 and 1972; Richbo rough, a few, 1969, 1971, and in 1977
at riverbank below castle; Stonelees, Ebbsfleet, in small numbers, 1976,

1977, 1978; Wetherlees Hill, west of Stonelees, July 17 1978 (D. F.
Harle), Stonelees, 1979 (M. F. Jones).

7. Westwell, 1962; Boxley Warren, 1964; Trundle Wood, 1974;
Hollingbourne, 1975; Broad Street, 1976; Queendown Warren, 1976;
Westfield Wood near Bluebell Hill, 1976; Thurnham, 1976, 1978;
Bearsted, 1978 (KBARC). Between Milstead and Frinstead, a number,

1978 (P. Jewess); at least 50, July 16 1979, both sexes (P. Kirby).

8. Nonington, 1961, still present 1963, but site ploughed between
1963 and 1965; Betteshanger, a few in recent years (D. F. Harle in lift.
18.1.1979). Haddling Wood, numerous, July 17 1963; Crete Road,
Folkestone, one, July 26 1969; Swingfield, July 9 1976; Wye Downs,
several, August 11 1977; Castle Hill and Sugarloaf. Folkestone, num-
erous, July 26 1974; Shakespeare’s Cliff, August 4 1974 (C.-H.). Folke-
stone Warren, 1974 (Luckens, Ent. Rec., 87: 202). Castle Hill,
Folkestone, 1974, 1975; Folkestone Warren, 1975, 1976, 1977; St.
Margaret’s, 1977 (H. C. Eve). Temple Hill, Dover, 1978 (R. Chambers).
Dovers Cl'iffs, 1976-77 (M. I. A., S. J. and A. D. Howell). Brook,
numerous, 1978 (J. Duffield). Near Hythe, several 1974-76 (A. D.
Howell); Folkestone, fairly common on the downs and in the Warren (P.
E. Cook in lift. 23.vii. 1979).

9. Black Bridge, Minster, 1970 (D. F. Harle). Between 1973 and

1978, a colony in the old rail cutting between Ramsgate and Margate

wiped out by filling (M. F. Jones). Lord of the Manor, Ramsgate, one,
1975; Kingsgate, north foreland golf course, three, 1975 (M. I. A., S. J.
and A. D. Howell). Monkton chalkpit, two worn, July 18 1976 (T. W.
Harman). ;;j

11. March Wood near Hoads Wood, several 1976 (P. N. Headley).

12. Hothfield, three, August 4 1962 (E. Scott, Diary). Ham Street
NNR., very small colony on north boundary by Park Farm, a few seen
annually until the site bulldozed in 1970 (J. C. Maylam).

15. Lydd, 1963 (Chalmers- Hunt and Wakely, Ent. Rec., 76: 93).
Greatstone, one, July 21 1963; Lydd Village, one, July 26 1963 (C.-H.).
Greatstone, four or five per day, July 1968; two, July 8 1970 (E. G.
Philp).

16. West Hythe, July 1979 (P. E. Cook).

Variation. — In B. & M. of K., 1: 52 I stated that the holotype
of ab. totaalba C.-H. was in the National Museum of Wales. Unfor-
tunately I was wrong. That unique insect was in fact bought at the Sir
Beckwith Whitehouse sale on 16.xi.l943 by a man named V. Hewitt,
who then allowed both it and many other rare abs. (including the Lodge
Hill ab. Jugens Ob. of galathea) to go to dust in his outhouse (C.-H.).

Hipparchia semele L.: Grayling. B. & M. of K., 40, 139.

Over the past 20 years this butterfly has decreased to the point of
extinction in most of its localities throughout Kent, and is perhaps now
only to be found in div. 8.

1. Dartford Heath, persisted annually here from 1962-68, but has
not been seen since (B. K. West).

2. Lower Halstow — in numbers in July in rough grassy area in an

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(227)

old brickfield in 1973 and annually till 1976, not seen since though
looked for; one on buddleja in garden on July 18 1976 (R. L. Harvey).

4. Sandwich Bay — “No records at S. Bay since about 1960. A
spieicies I have not seen anywhere for years” (D. F. Harle in lift.
18.1.1979).

5. Badger’s Mount. — W. D. Hamilton of Badger’s Mount told me
on 2.ix.l962 that he had failed to see semele there that year. It had
been seen up to 1957, but apparently not since (C.-H.).

7. Burham Downs, 1955-66 (J. F. D. Frazer per B. R. C.). Pit next
to Great Culand Pit, Eccles, 1963, abundant and the commonest butter-
fly (P. Jewess). Boarley, one $ , August 3 1967 (P. Kirby). Great Culand
Pit (T(5 739615), a few on the side of the quarry, August 13 1972 (P. J.
Hodge).

8. Folkestone, “Common in higher, rocky parts of Folkestone
Warren”, Septemberl 1964, a few, September 8 1969 (L. K. Evans).
Kingsdown golf course, a number c. 1971 (G. H. Youden). Shakespeare
Cliff, Dover, two, August 4 1974 (C.-H.). Sugarloaf, Folkestone, one
or two, 1976 (J. A. Parry); one near the Sugarloaf, August 26 1976
(C.-H.). Folkestone Warren, August 26 1973 (P. J. Hodge); two, July
28 1976; four including three on buddleja, August 22 1976 (H. C, Eve);
one seen, July 24 1979, on cliffs near the concrete apron (P. E. Cook).

9. An odd record for this division is of an “isolated specimen in
railway cutting near Ramsgate station”, about 1946 (M. F. Jones).

Pyronia tithonus L. ssp. britcmniae Verity: Gatekeeper.

B. & M. of K., 1: 45, 139.

Has increased considerably since 1960, and is noticeably more
common in 1,2, 4-10, 15, 16 than heretofore. Apparently most numerous
in 2, 3, 11-14. Relatively scarce on the chalk.

At Long Rope, Orlestone Forest (div. 12), R. F. Birchenough and
I found larvae at night feeding on Deschampsia caespitosa, June 11 1971
from which R. F. B. bred one $ July 12, one $ July 20 1971 (C.-H.).

1. Virtually absent from the area adjacent to the metropolis:
Maryon Wilson Park, Charlton, one, August 1976 (J. H. Hider per
A. A. Allen), being the only recent record. Common to abundant in
many localities in the east of the division as for example at Hayes
Common, Petts Wood, Bromley Common, Crofton, Hartford Heath,
Orpington, Ruxley, Gattons Plantation, Joydens Wood, Pond Wood
and waste ground by the Kyd Brook.

2. Frequent to abundant but absent from the extreme west. In
Sheppey, noted in 1963 as very common and “annually appearing at
Sh^erness” (J. Fryer); frequent, 1976-78 (G. N. Burton).

4. Has recently spread in this division. West Stourmouth, quite
plentiful, c. 1975 (R. Chambers). Sandwich, “a butterfly I never saw
nearer than Wingham until 1977” (D. Batchelor in lift. 13.ii.l979).
Sandwich, one in garden, July 20 1974; 20 seen in Gazen Salts NR,
summer 1976, six July 25 1977, July 27 (1), August 5 (14) 1978; Sand-
wich Bay, July 18 1977; Ebbsfleet, several 1977-78; Richborough, four,
July 18 1976 (D. F. Harle). Stonelees, numerous, 1979 (M. F. Jones).

5. Pollhill, one on marjoram, July 20 1976 (H. C. Eve).

6. Holly Hill car park to Householders Wood, many, July 27 1976;
Pilgrims Way near Wrotham, one, July 19 1976; Shoreham-Otford
Downs, one, July 26 1976, one on marjoram, August 14 1978; Romney
Street, two, July 26 1976; one, August 20 1977; Cuxton, one, July 22

1978 (H. C. Eve). Burham Down, August 24 1974; Trosley, June 30

1977 (KB ARC). Shoreham district, about six $ 5 on the downs, July 26

1979 (C.-H.).

6a. Northwood Hill NR., September 13 1977 (H. C. Eve); 1978 (R.
E, Scott).

7. Pilgrims Way, Westwell Woods, several, July 20 1976 (H. C.
Eve). Burham Down, 1974, 1977 (J. F. D. Frazer).

8. Valleys near Stone Street (R. Chambers). Denge Wood, Ly-
minge Forest, many August 7 1974; Park Gate, Lyminge Forest, six,
August 28 1978 (H. C. Eve). Wye Downs, a few, August 11 1977 (C.-H.);

1978 (J. Duffield.) Folkestone, locally on the outskirts of the town and
in many of the woodlands behind (P. E. Cook in litt. 23.viii.1979).

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entomologist’s record

I/II/80

9. Monkton Chalkpit, common, July 18 1976; Minnis Bay, common,
August 29 1977 (T. W. Harman). Gore Street, near Monkton, between
1973 and 1978 (M. F. Jones). Pegwell Bay, plentifull 1979 (C. Randall).

10. Westerham Wood, roadside verges nearby, several, July 27
1976 (H. C. Eve).

15. Dungeness, a few, September 5-8 1969 (L. K. Evans). Dym-
church, 1976 (D. F. Owen).

16. Between Hythe and West Hythe, one, August 28 1978 (H. C.
Eve). Lympne; West Hythe; Newington; Asholt Wood (P. E. Cook in
litt. 23.viii.1979).

Maniola jurtina L. ssp. insularis Thomson: Meadow Brown.

B. & M. of K., 1: 44, 139.

The KBARC has post-1971 records from all 10 km squares except
for that area of Kent encroached upon by the County of London. The
butterfly becomes markedly scarcer in 1 and 2 on approaching the
border of the metropolis.

A most extraordinarily early occurrence is that of a male jurtina
closely observed by two people under Chilham Heronry (div. 7) on April
24 1968, one of whom was D. F, Harle who states {in lift.): “With
regard to the exceptional record of the Meadow Brown, it was I and
a friend Mr. Roger Lawrence (familar with common species) who saw
the butterfly at Chilham. We did indeed see the insect at rest and
watched it off and on for 10 minutes or so in disbelief — so that there
was no doubt as to its identity. It was a fine and sunny day — but I
find the previous entry in my diary to read ‘20.4.68: the hottest April
day for 19 years — very little breeze (SE) 75°F. It follows a hot end to
March average 65°F (27th, 28th) — and my earliest home spring
emergence of the Holly Blue.’ ”

1 (area nearest metropolis only). Greenwich, about five, August 5

1971, in a grassy clearing in Bowman’s Hollow, Wicken Lane (R. G.
Rigden). Forest Hill, has increased over the past 10 years (W. G. St.
John pers. comm. 19. hi. 1979). Eltham to Falconwood, several, 1978 (W.
S. K. Watson). Sydenham, odd ones annually, 1974-78 (R. Warwick).

2 (area nearest metropolis only). Plumstead Marshes, several,
August 1977 and 1978, in a grassy area within derelict arsenal site (R. G.
Rigden).

Variation. — A perfect albino $ taken by me near Magpie Bottom
(div. 6), July 14 1979 (C.-H.).

Coenonympha pamphilus L.: Small Heath. B. & M. of K., 1; 47, 139.

Still a common butterfly and probably present in most if not all
extensive uncultivated grasslands in the county.

Aphantopus hyperantus L., Ringlet. B. & M. of K., 1: 48, 139.

Still plentiful in suitable places throughout Kent, but perhaps rather
more numerous now than in 1960, though still absent from much of 1;
few records for 2, 4.

R. F. Birchenough and P. J. Renshaw took about 20 larvae of
hyperantus on Deschampsia caespitosa at Long Rope, Orlestone in May

1972, from which they reared a number of butterflies.

1. West Wickham, $ July 11 1975 (C.-H.). Crofton, “20-30 to be
seen at one time until early fifties. Not seen since” (F. Swain per H. C.
Eve in litt. 25.xi.1976).

2. Cliffe OFC, one, July 27 1974; Snodland, three in a wet meadow,
July 18 1978 (H. C. Eve).

4. Ham Fen, 1966 (D. F. Harle), is the only record for this division.
DANAIDAE

Danaus plexippus L.: Milkweed. B. & M. of K., 1: 32.

Four examples since 1956, of which three occurred in 1968, making
a total of less than a dozen plexippus since the first of this species was
seen in Kent in 1881.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(229)

1968; Challock (div. 7), August 10-12, one seen by Mr. and Mrs.
Langridge at Kings Wood (R. P. Hammon per French, Entomologist,
106: 260). New Cross (div. 1), October 22 or 24, one seen by Mrs. M.
Stone (French, loc. cit.). One found “on the Sussex-Kent border as late
as 10th November’* (de Worms, Proc. Br. ent. not. Hist. Soc., 1969:
41). 1974: Eltham (div. 1), one taken September 15 (de Worms, Ent.
Gaz., 26: 38); this and a Nymphalis antiopa at Forest Hill (^.v.) B. O.
C. Gardiner (in Ent. Gaz., 26: 152) suggested may have been escapes.

POSTSCRIPT

[Iphiclides podalirius Scopoli: Scarce Swallowtail.

Further to the entry under this species above (see Supplt. to B. &
M. of K., 3: 212); in Proc. ent. Soc. Lond., 1861: 23, 30, it is stated
that a number of specimens of this butterfly had been released at Seven-
oaks (div. 10), by a woman who had bred them from imported pupae.]

SPHINGIDAE

Sphinginae

Agrius convolvuli L.: Convolvulus Hawk. B. & M. of K., 2: 4, 353.

From 1962 to 1979 inclusive, the records show the species was
observed every year in Kent except in 1963, 1965-67, 1969, 1972, 1975
and 1978.

In 1976, on the Ash-Westmarsh levels (div. 4), three larvae and
a pupa were found in a potato field where Convolvulus arvensis grew
amongst the potatoes (Harman, Ent. Rec., 88: 231). In 1962, at

Sandown Farm near Sandwich (div. 4), were found two larvae on
September 21st and one on September 27th, all in a potato field with
much C. arvensis (D. F. Harle).

Acherontia atropos L.: Death’s-head Hawk. B. & M. of K., 2: 3, 353.

From 1962 to 1979 inclusive, the records show the species was
observed every year in Kent except in 1962, 1964-65, 1971, 1975 and
1977.

In 1973, a fine male was found alive at rest on the shingle at
Dungeness on October 6th and given to R. E. Scott who kindly
presented it to me (C-H.). In 1976, at Barham (div. 8), an imago was
found on September 30th by a Mr. Godwin which “was sitting on a
pile of stones in a garden”; and at Ash (div. 4), a crippled specimen
was found the same year in a potato field on October 13th (T. W.
Harman).

Sphinx ligustri L.: Privet Hawk. B. & M. of K., 2: 5, 353.

During the past decade, the Privet Hawk was observed in 1970,
1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976 and 1978, and was recorded from
15 of the 10km. squares in KBARC. The species seems to have declined
of late and I have no record of it being seen in the county in 1977 and
1979, though doubtless it still occurs.

Hyloicus pinastri L.: Pine Hawk. B. & M. of K., 2: 6, 353.

1. Joyden’s Wood, one at m.v.l., July 13th 1969 (B. K. West).
5. Holwood Park, Keston, 1959 (R. V. Russell per B.R.C.).

Mimas tiliae L.: Lime Hawk. B. & M. of K., 2: 1.

Since 1970, recorded from 15 of the 10km. squares (KBARC),
and noted annually to 1979 inclusive.

B. K. West found larvae at Hartford (div. 1) on cherry, an un-
recorded foodplant, on September 12th 1976, September 7th 1977,
September 21st 1978 and on September 20th 1979.

Variation. — G. H. Youden (in lift.) writes that at Dover on July
3rd 1968, he took in his m.v. trap, “a red tiliae $ in poor condition”.

Smerinthus ocellata L.: Eyed Hawk. B. & M. of K., 2: 2, 353.

Since 1970 noted annually to 1979 inclusive, and recorded from 17
of the 10km. squares (KBARC).

(230) entomologist’s record I/lV/V/80

Laothoe populi L.: Poplar Hawk. & M. of K., 2: 2, 353.

Since 1970 recorded from 21 of the 10km. squares (KBARC), and
noted in the county annually to 1979 inclusive.

In 1975, Major F. Abraham took an imago in his garden at
Aldington (div. 16) on April 7th, an unusually early date for this
moth. (Chalmers-Hunt, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1975, 8 (2): 55).

Macroglossinae

Hemaris tityus L.: Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk. B. & M. of K., 2:
16, 354.

There is no record of occurrence in the county to my knowledge
since it was seen in 1958.

H. fuciformis L.: Broad-bordered Bee Hawk. B. & M. of K., 2: 15,
354.

8. Petham, one seen by E. S. Bradford, “flying in a garden”
(Bradford, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1976, 9 (3-4) : 115).

10. Godden Green, one, June 1st 1951 (C. G. Bruce).

11. Oaken Wood, May 28th 1976 (C. Samson in KBARC); Hoads
Wood, a few 1978 (P. N. Headley).

12. Orlestone Forest, June 3rd 1968 (Chatelain et al., Ent. Rec.,
81: 109).

Macroglossum stellatarum L.: Humming-bird Hawk. B. & M. of K., 2:
14, 354.

The records show that stellatarum was observed annually in Kent
from 1962 to 1979 inclusive except in 1962-63, 1966, 1969 1971 and
1978.

An early record is of the moth at East Mailing (div. 11) in 1977,
“disturbed from sacking in a garage” on March 3rd (G. Dicker per
KBARC), where one suspects it had hibernated. An even earlier occur-
rence is of one seen by D. S. Burrows at West Wickham on February
28th 1960 imbibing on crocus (Tomasinianus).

In 1974, Brown {Ent. Rec., 87: 168) records that at Sandwich on
July 19th, he and others “witnessed a migration” of this species.

It is noteworthy that in W. Kent, B. K. West found many larvae
on both Galium verum and G. mollugo at Dartford (div. 1) in 1946.

Daphnis nerii L.: Orleander Hawk. B. & M. of K., 2: 12.

[There is a doubtful record (Upton, Entomologist , 102: 6) of two
seen at Kennington (div. 12) on July 23rd 1968, “resting on a wall
under the scaffolding of a new building”, neither of which was taken
for confirmation]

Hyles gallii Rottemburg; Bedstraw Hawk. B. & M. of K., 2: 7, 354.

1971: Sandwich, S at m.v.l., July 21st (B. Skinner). 1972:
Wrotham (div. 6), one by A. Ruck, July 20th (Chalmers-Hunt, Ent.
Rec. 87: 233). Dungeness, $ taken by S. Whitebread, July 26th (de
Worms, Ent. Rec., 87: 233). Sandwich, 5 and $ taken by D. O’Keeffe,
August 2nd and 3rd (de Worms, Ent. Rec., 87: 235). Sandwich, $
at m.v.l., August 10th (Evans, Ent. Rec., 85: 298). 1976: Sandwich
Bay, $ , July 2nd, taken by B. G. Withers (Rothamsted).

H. lineata F. ssp. livornica Esper: Striped Hawk. B. & M. of K., 2:
9.

1965: Sutton Vallence (div. 11), May 22nd, one caught by J.
Feltwell (French, Entomologist , 101: 158). 1980: Dvmchurch, one, June
26th (J. E. Owen).

Deilephila elpenor L.: Elephant Hawk. B. & M. of Kent, 2: 13, 354.

It seems this moth continues to be one of the commonest of the
hawks in Kent. Recently Eric Philp told me that of all the lepidop-
terous larvae brought into the Maidstone Museum, those of this species
outnumbered all others.

B. K. West has found the larvae commonly in Dartford (div. 1)
on Epilobium parviflorum Schreber; also there on E. montanum L.,
but not commonly.

D. porcellus L.: Small Elephant Hawk. B. & M. of K., 2: 13, 354.
Recently recorded as follows:

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (231)

2. Higham, June 30th 1971, June 21st 1974; Keycol, July 9th
15^75 (KB ARC).

4. Sandwich, June 18th, July 1977; Westbere, July 2nd 1977
(KBARC).

7. Boughton Aluph, July 24th 1979 (M. Enfield in KBARC).
Rochester, May 31st 1978 (A. G. J. Butcher),

8. Winchcombe Downs, July 3rd 1979; Wye N.N.R., July 8th
1979 (M. Enfield in KBARC). Dover, June 14th 1977 (G. H. Youden).

12, Willesborough, July 20th 1965 (KBARC). Ham Street, one,
1977 (P. E. Cook).

15. Dungeness, June 26th 1972 (KBARC); one, June 5th 1978
(B. Skinner).

Hippotion celerio L.; Silver-striped Hawk. B. & M. of K., 2: 11,

354, 378.

Three examples only since 1963.

1966: Sutton Valence (div. 11), May 21st (French, Entomologist,
104: 209). 1968: Cheriton (div. 6), one on a doorpost, November 7th
(Bibb, Ent. Rec., 80: 329) {Entomologist, 106: 260 refers, as does
Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1969: 41, though the latter is much
garbled). 1973: Lydd (div. 15), one, November 2nd (E. Carpenter,

Field, 13, xii. 1973).

NOTODONTIDAE

Harpyia bicuspis Borkhausen: Alder Kitten. B. & M. of K., 2: 17,

354.

10. Westerham, annually at light during past few years to 1979 (G.
Fararge).

13. Pembury, June 15th 1974 (D. W. Webb in KBARC).

H. furcula Clerck: Sallow Kitten. B. & M. of K., 2: 19, 355.

1. Orpington, two, August 12th 1966 (D. W. Webb). Dartford,
one, June 27th 1976 (B. K. West).

2. Higham, 1971, 1973; Lower Rainham, 1974 (KBARC).

4. Sandwich Bay, one, July 28th 1967; Worth, a few at m.v.l.,
1969 (T. W. Harman). Deal, May 16th 1969 (D. A. Stopher).

6a. Darenth Wood, 1976 (J. Platts).

7. Sittingbourne, 1974 (KBARC). Rochester, August 3rd 1976
(A. G. J. Butcher).

8. Crundale, a larva, October 2nd 1976 (KBARC).

11. East Mailing, 1967; Charing, 1971 (KBARC).

12. Willesborough 1970 (KBARC). Orlestone Forest, 1967 (de
V^oTms,Entomologist, 110: 112); 1976 (KBARC).

13. Bayham Abbey, 1973; Pembury, 1973 (KBARC).

15. Dungeness, a cocoon found by E. Sadler, May 2nd 1966, moth
bred (S. Wakely).

H. bifida Brahm: Poplar Kitten. B. & M. of K., 2: 17, 354, 378.
Appears to have become much scarcer of late.

1. Forest Hill, two, 1978 (W. G. St, John).

2. Nagden, July 8th 1971 (B. K. West).

11. Hoads Wood, May 30th 1964 (B. K. West).

12. Orlestone Forest, several 1972, two $$, June 8th 1973 (B.
Skinner); Long Rope, July 16th 1976 (P. E. Cook).

13. Tunbridge Wells, 1958 (L. R. Tesch per C. A. Stace).

Stauropus fagi L.: Lobster. B. & M. of K., 2: 21, 355.

1. Dartford, $ at m.v.l., June 23rd 1973 (B. K. West). West
Wickham, one, June 19th 1971 (C-H.).

2. Ham Marshes near Faversham, 1971; Higham, 1971 (KBARC).

5. Knockholt, June 15th 1976 (A. G. J. Butcher).

6. Upper Hailing, July 14th 1978 (A. G. J. Butcher).

6a. Chattenden, 1976 (Whitebread, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1977, 10 (1-2), 60).

8. Barham, 5 at light, June 27th 1953 (G. H. Youden).

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entomologist’s record

I/IV/V/80

12. Orlestone Forest, July 1967, six of the pale form (de Worms,
Entomologist^ 101: 112); 1973 (KBARC); one, 1975 (Coster, Ent. Rec.,
88: 132) 5, June 1977 (P. E. Cook). Willesborough, 1968 (KBARC).

13. Bay ham Abbey, 1972; Pembury, 1972 (KBARC),

Peridea anceps Goeze: trepida Esper: Great Prominent.

B. & M. of K., 2: 30, 355.

12. Orlestone Forest, 1976 (KBARC).

13. Bayham Abbey, 1972 (KBARC).

Pheosia gnoma F.: Lesser Swallow Prominent.

B. & M. of K., 2: 25, 355, 378.

Previously unrecorded from 2 and 4.

2. Sheppey, one, June 7th 1975, one, June 15th 1978 (F. H.
Clouter).

4. Worth, a few at m.v.l., 1969 (T. W. Harman).

Ptildon capucina L,: Coxcombe Prominent
B. & M. of K., 2: 32, 356, 378.

Higham (div. 2), larva on copper beech (Whitebread, Ent. Rec., 87:

171).

Ptilodontella cucullina D. & S,: Maple Prominent.

B. & M. of K., 2: 31, 356.

1. Joydens Wood, one, July 1st 1969, and regularly in small
numbers to June 3rd 1979 (B. K. West). Farningham, two larvae on
maple, September 13th 1978, bred (B. Skinner).

2. Higham, 1971 (KBARC).

3. Westbere, June 2nd 1976, July 6th 1977 (T. W. Harman).

4. Deal, occasionally at light (D, A. Stopher). Sandwich Bay
Bird Observatory, one in m.v. trap by G. S. Robinson, July 9th 1977
(D. F. Harle).

5. High Elms, May 15th 1977; Farnborough and Green Street
Green areas, regular but never common (P. Sokoloff).

6. Shoreham, one Julv 22nd 1972 (Wilkinson,, Proc. S. Lond.
ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1973, 5: 139).

6a. Darenth Wood, 1976 (KBARC). Chattenden, 1976 (White-
bread, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1977, 10 (1-2), 60).

7. Woodstock, 1973; Sittingbourne, 1974; Detling, 1975 (KBARC).
Rochester, July 1st 1979 (A. G. J. Butcher).

8. Betteshanger, two, July 6th 1957 (R. F. Bretherton). Dover,
a few annually in garden m.v. trap, specimens in coll, dated: May 28th,
July 28th, 31st 1956, July 5th 1959, July 29th 1962, July 31st 1963,
June 27th, July 13th, 14th 1964 (G. H. Youden). Wye Downs, 1972
(Withers, Ent. Rec., 85: 174). Kingsdown, one August 5th 1979
(A. P. Foster). Folkstone Warren, ^ , July 20th 1975; Elham Park
Wood, July 3rd 1976 (P. E. Cook).

11. Charing, 1971: East Mailing, 1972 (KBARC). Hoads Wood,
one, July 16th 1976 (C.-H.).

12. Hothfield, 1974 (KBARC). Orlestone Forest, June 27th (1),
August 17th(l) 1963 (B. K. West). Canterbury, August 25th 1976
(T. W. Harman).

13. Pembury, 1972 (KBARC).

15. Dungeness {Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1973 5(4), 140).

16. Cheriton, one in m.v. trap, August 15th 1975 (P. E. Cook).

Odontosia carmelita Esper: Scarce Prominent.

B. & M. of K., 2: 33, 356, 378.

Has shown a very marked increase of late. The 1976 records for
1 are the first for this division to my knowledge for nearly 70 years,
except for one in 1964.

1. West Wickham, one in m.v. trap. May 2 1976 (D. S.
Burrows). Hartford, three, 1976, one, 1978 (B. K. West).

2. Higham, May 1 1971 (S. Whitebread in KBARC).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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5. Andrews Wood, May 7 1978 (P. Sokoloff).

6. Trottiscliffe, two 1978 (Dey, Ent. Rec., 90: 225). Wrotham,
May 5 1976 (A. G. J. Butcher).

6a. Darenth Wood, May 2 1976 (J. Platts in KBARC).

7. Woodstock, May 14 1973 (I. A. Watkinson in KBARC).

8. Elham Park Wood, ^ at m.v. light. May 1 1977 (P. E. Cook);
Wye, one. May 8 1980 (M, Enfield).

11. East Mailing, May 6 1971 (M. A. Easterbrook in KBARC).
Hoads Wood, April 30 1976 (D. Dey in KBARC).

12. Orlestone Forest, five. May 2 1964 (de Worms, Entomolo-
gist, 98: 148); Faggs Wood, S , May 2 1970 (L. K. Evans); Long Rope,
1975(2), 1976(1) (P. E. Cook). Ham Street Village, one at m.v.l.. May 6
1978; Bourne Wood NNR, one May 6 1978 (T. W. Harman).

13. Tunbridge Wells, April 21 1974 (Beavis, Ent. Rec., 86: 221).
Bayham Abbey, May 8 1971 (D. W. Webb in KBARC).

15. Dymchurch, one, 1979, at m.v.l. (J. E. Owen); is new to this
div. but is perhaps casual.

Ptilophora plumigera D. & S.: Plumed prominent.

B. & M. of K., 2: 34, 356.

6. The Birches, November 7 1973 (P. A. Sokoloff in KBARC).

8. Wye, 1968, 1970 (Chatelain, Ent. Rec., 81: 114; Chatelain

& O’Keeffe, Ent. Rec., 83: 46); a number at light by J. Duffield and
others, 1979 (M. Enfield). Olantigh, 1974 (S. Whitbread in KBARC);
1976 (M. Enfield in KBARC).

Clostera pigra Hufnagel: Small Chocolate-tip. B. & M. of K., 2: 39.

12. Orlestone Forest, August 17 1973 (S. Whitebread in KBARC);
July 16 1976 (P. E. Cook).

15. Dymchurch, one, c. 1976 (J. E. Owen); is new to this div.

C. anachoreta D. & S.: Scarce Chocolate-tip.

B. & M. of K., 2: 37, 356.

At present anachoreta is certainly resident in Kent, though
perhaps only temporarily established.

12. Faggs Wood, Orlestone, one at light, August 21 1968 P.
Cordell).

15. Dungeness. — 1974: August 16, one (Coster, Proc. Br. ent.
nat. Hist. Soc., 1975, 8 (1), 13, pit. 3, fig. 20; ibid, Ent. Rec., 87: 125).
1978: August 18, $ taken at light (Wild, Ent. Rec., 90: 274).

1979: August 5($, 5), 6 (55) by B. Skinner et al.; August 13
( 5 , $ ) by T. W. Harman; and a further 14 5 5 and one $ taken by
others up till August 26 (Skinner, Ent. Rec., 91: 209-210). Numerous
larvae have been found, mostly on sallow, but also on willow and
aspen. On September 8, T. Dillon found larvae on a sallow bush, the
earliest date it seems when they were found. Others occurred, at least
up till September 29, the date of the British Entomological and Natural
History Society Field Meeting.

C. curtula L.: Chocolate-tip. B. & M. of K., 2: 36, 356, 379.
Previously unrecorded from 4 and 15.

4. Worth, one, July 29 1967 (T. W. Harman).

15. Boulderwall, one in m.v. trap, August 13 1972 (Scott, Ent.
Rec., 85: 133). Dymchurch, at m.v.l., 1975 (J. E. Owen).

LYMANTRIIDAE

Orgyia recens Hiibner: Scarce Vapourer. B. & M. of K., 2: 50.

7. Gillingham*, reported by A. Jones (in 1922) (Frisby,
Rochester Naturalist, 6 (129), 14); an old record that may or may not
be reliable (C.-H.).

O. antiqua L.: Vapourer. B. & M. of K., 2: 50, 358, 379.

In 1971, I saw an antiqua flying in the sun at Eden Park (div. 1)
on October 23, a very late date (C.-H.).

"234) entomologist’s record I/IV/V/80

Richardson (Ent. Rec., 81: 166) records one at light at Appledore
on September 14 1954.

D. A. Darling (pers. comm., 13. iv. 1974) stated that at Sidcup
(div. 1), he had found larvae annually on Pyracantha.

Dasychira fascelina L.: Dark Tussock. B. & M. of K., 2: 51, 358.

The species still persists at Dungeness despite much disturbance
of the terrain.

15. Dungeness. — numerous larvae on broom and sloe near the
Hope and Anchor May 2 1966 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 79: 67); singletons,
July 4, 6, 11, August 2 1967 (Scott, Ent. Rec., 80: 257); 1970, 26 at
light between July 26 and August 7 with maximum (9) on July 30
(R. E. Scott); common at light, July 9 1973 (P. A. Sokololf); 1973
(Brown, Ent. Rec., 87: 168); 52 larvae, 1964, from which only two
moths were bred, the rest produced the dipterous parasite Carcelia
leucorum Mgn, (B. K. West); a number of moths at light, August
1979 (B. Skinner).

D. pudibunda L.: Pale Tussock. B. & M. of K., 2: 52, 358.

Ab. concolor Stgr.: Dartford (div. 1), one $, June 8 1971

(B. K. West).

Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.: Brown-tail. B. & M. of K., 2: 53, 379.

The species has shown a marked increase over the past two
decades, as well as what appears to have been an extension of range
into division 1. It has also appeared in div. 5 for the first time on
record.

In 1970, Harman {Ent Rec., 83: 173) recorded that at Dungeness
on June 12, the larvae were “literally in millions”.

1. Dartford, larvae May 18 1971 (West, Ent. Rec., 83: 216).
Blackheath, ^ at light, July 15 1969 (Allen, Ent. Rec., 82: 62).
West Wickham, one in m.v. trap, July 19 1972 (C.-H.).

5. High Elms, “one or two each vear, never found larvae here”
(P. Sokololf in litt. 18.ii.l979).

Lymantria monacha L.: Black Arches. B.& M. of K., 2: 58, 358.

3. The dates of P. F. Harris’s Chestfield monacha are: one bred
August 3 1943; one on trunk August 7 1941 (P. F. Harris, Diary).

4. Worth, $ at m.v.l., August 17 1969 (T. W. Harman).

6. Greenhithe (Farn. MS.).

12. Ham Street, one (P. E. Cook).

L. dispar L.: Gypsy. B. & M. of K., 2: 58.

1965: Deal (div. 4), ^ at light, August 13 (D. A. Stopher).

ARCTIIDAE

Lithosiinae

Thumatha senex Hiibner: Round-winged Muslin.

B. & M. of K., 2: 81, 360.

1. Dartford, August 3 1971 (B. K. West).

3. Westbere Village, June 23 1976 (T. W. Harman).

4. Ham Fen, common July 20 1967; Worth, several at m.v. 1969.
(T. W. Harman). Westbere Marshes, July 15 1978 (P. A. Sokololf).

7. Bearsted (Mrs. Heather Bales teste S. Whitebread in litt.

1975).

12. Ham Street Village, July 9 1976; Canterbury, June 27 1976,
July 5 1977 (T. W. Harman).

Setina irrorella L.: Dew Moth. B. & M. of K., 2: 83, 361, 379.

8. Folkestone Warren, June 23 1976 (Whitebread, Ent. Rec.,
89: 11), Lydden Spout, 30-40 larvae, April 1977 (P. E. Cook).

Miltochrista miniata Forster: Rosv Footman.

B. & M. of K., 2: 82, 361.

Notable records are: Joydens Wood (div. 1), July 13 1969 (B. K.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(235)

West). Worth (div. 4), July 27 1967 (T. W, Harman(. Hollows Wood
(div. 5), May 31 1973 (P. A. Sokoloff), Chattenden (div. 6a), June 26
1976 (Whitebread, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1977, 10: 60). Covert
Wood (div. 8), July 11 1970 (D. A . Stopher). Dymchurch (div. 15),
one at m.v.l., 1979 (J. E. Owen), is new to this division.

Bradford (Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1975, 7: 92) records a
larva of miniata at East Blean Wood, “found amongst leaf litter on
which it fed up”.

Variation. — B. K. West took two examples of the rare ab. flava
de Graaf, both at Orlestone Forest, August 19 1968, July 23 1979.

Nudaria mundana L.: Muslin Footman. B. & M. of K., 2: 81, 360.

6a. Chattenden Roughs, June 26 1976 (Whitebread, Proc. Br. ent.
nat. Hist. Soc., 1977, 10: 60).

15. Dungeness, three or four on rushes, c. 1955 (B. K. West),
is new to 15.

Atoimis rubricollis L.: Red-necked Footman.

B. & M. of K., 2: 93, 362, 380.

12. Orlestone Forest, one, June 28 1968 (B. K. West); June 30
1968, July 6 1970 (Chatelain et al., Ent. Rec., 81: 110).

Cybosia mesomelia L.: Four-dotted Footman.

B. & M. of K., 2: 83, 361.

Notable records are: Covert Wood (div. 8), June 17 1970 (D. A.
Stopher). Boulderwall (div. 15), one in m.v. trap, July 29 1972 (R. E.
Scott). Dymchurch, 1977 at m.v.l., (J. E. Owen).

Pelosia muscerda Hufnagel: Dotted Footman.

B. & M. of K., 2: 92, 362.

12. Long Rope, Orlestone Forest, $ at m.v.l., July 19 1969 (B.
Skinner); is the only occurrence since 1965 and but the second in
70 years.

Eilema sororcula Hufnagel: Orange Footman.

B. & M. of K., 2: 91, 362.

Appears to have become scarcer of late and the only records are
those hereunder.

1. Oaken Wood, May 29 1976; Penenden Heath, June 5 1976
(C. Samson).

12. Orlestone Forest, June 12, 1962 (B. K. West).

E. griseola Huebner: Dingy Footman. B. & M. of K., 2: 86, 361.

Notable records are: Westbere Village (div. 3), July 19 1976

(T. W. Harman). Worth (div. 4), July 25 1967; fairly common at m.v.l.,
1969 (T. W. Harman). Orlestone, one, July 21 1964 (B. K. West).
West Wood and Elham Park Wood (div. 8), several, 1976 (P. E. Cook).

E. caniola Huebner: Hoary Footman.

B. & M. of K., 2: 91, 362, 380.

Four examples and the first confirmed caniola for Kent this
century.

8. Dover, a small S in m.v. trap in garden, July 24 1971, a
larger $ in m.v. trap in garden, August 9 1972; both determinations
checked by C. G. M. de Worms (G. H. Youden).

12. Faggs Wood, Orlestone Forest, one, July 20 1968 (P. Cordell).
15. Dungeness, one, July 15 1972 (P. Cordell).

E. pygmaeola pygmaeola Doubleday: Pigmy Footman.

B. & M. of K., 2: 89, 362.

The Sheppey pygmaeola are particularly interesting and may have
a different origin from those at Sandwich.

2. Isle of Sheppey. — Minster-in-Sheppey, one taken in garden,
July 7 1976 (F. H. Clouter). Elmley Island, one taken at light, July 8
1976 (I. A. Watkinson).

entomologist’s record

I/IV/V/80

:236)

4. Sandwich Bay. — one, July 28 1967 (T. W. Harman), St.
George’s Golf Course, June 11 1978, two larvae on the side of a
lichen-encrusted bollard, one of which died, the other spun a cocoon
from which the moth emerged (Packer, Ent. Rec., 91: 9); appears
to be the first time the larva has been found in Britain (C.-H.).

Variation. — The Minster-in-Sheppey specimen is paler than any
of my Sandwich examples (C-H.).

Ssp. pallifrons Zeller.

15. Boulderwall, 1967 (Scott, Ent. Rec., 80: 257). Dungeness,

plentiful at light, August 4 1979 (B. Skinner).

E. complana L.: Scarce Footman. B. & M. of K., 1: 88, 361.

There are many records of this widely distributed moth, the
following being perhaps among the more noteworthy.

4. Sandwich Bay, July 24 1967 (T. W, Harman).

5. Hollows Wood, August 16 1974 (P, A. Sokolotf).

6. Trottiscliffe, July 2 1976 (P. A. Sokoloff).

7. Rochester, August 15 1979 (A. G. J. Butcher).

E. deplana Esper: Buff Footman.

B. & M. of K.,l\ 86, 361, 380.

Has shown a marked increase of late.

1. West Wickham, one fresh example in m.v. trap, July 19 1971
(C.-H.).

5. Andrews Wood, July 29 1978 (P. A. Sokoloff).

6. Trottiscliffe, several, August 5 1977 (P. J. Jewess).

7. Culand Pit, Burham, several, August 11 1979 (P. J. Jewess).
12. Orlestone Forest, — Two in Faggs Wood, August 10 1969

(P. Cordell); Long Rope, July 22 1974 (P, A. Sokoloff); common at
light July 2, several July 4 1976 ( B. Skinner); July 19 1978 (T. W.
Harman); one, August 29 1976, several, July 23 1979 (B. K. West).

Lithosia quadra L,: Four-dotted Footman.

B. & M. of K., 2: 85, 361, 37.

1963: Orlestone Forest, June 15(5), 19(5) (C. G. Bruce). Dover,
July 16(1), 23(1) (G. H. Youden per Rothamsted), Dungeness, July
18(1) (D. W, H. Ffennell per Rothamsted). 1964: Orlestone Forest,
July 14(5) (B. K. West). 1966: Dover, Junell (1) (G. H. Youden
per Rothamsted). 1967: Deal (div. 4), 5 at light, September 25 (D. A,
Stopher). 1973: Dover, 2 5 5 June 30 (G. H. Youden), Newington
near Rainham, 5 in m.v. trap, September 6 (P. J. Jewess per C. G. M.
de Worms). 1976: Folkestone Warren, one, June 23 (Whitbread, Ent.
Rec., S9: 11).

Arctiinae

Coscinia cribraria L,, ssp. arenaria Lempke: Speckled Footman.

B. & M. of K., 2: 95.

2. Minster-in-Sheppey, one in m.v, trap, July 6 1977 (Burton,
Ent. Rec., 89: 322; ibid, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc. 11: 4, plt.l,
fig. 9).

9. St. Peters, 5, taken at light, August 13 1965 (Bowden, Ent.
Rec., 91: 149).

Utetheisa pulchella L.: Crimson-speckled Footman.

B. & M. of K., 2: 95, 362.

I have no knowledge of the occurrence of this species in Kent
since it was last seen in the county in 1962.

1 have an ancient but good specimen labelled “St. Margarets
Bay/Smith 30/6/81” (C.-H.).

Parasemia plantaginis L.: Wood Tiger.

B. & M. of K., 2: 106, 364.

Probably still persists but has become rare in Kent with only
two records of occurrence in over 30 years.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(237)

8. Covert Wood, one, June 17 1972 (D. A. Stopher).

11. Oaken Wood, one. May 27 1976 (C. Samson); the specimen
was seen by E. Philp (C.-H.).

Arctia caja L.: Garden Tiger. B. & M. of K., 2: 107, 364.

B. K. West bred the dipterous parasites Carcelia leucorum Mgn.
and Thelaria nigripes F., (det. K. G. V. Smith), August 5 1956, from
larvae taken at Dartford (div. 1).

A. villica L. ssp. britannica Oberthiir: Cream-spot Tiger.

B. & M. of K., 2: 109.

Notable records are: Joydens Wood (div. 1), June 12 1973 (P. A.
SokolofF). Dungeness, June 11 1966, numerous at light, with as many
as 17 on the sheet at once (de Worms, Entomologist, 100: 97).

Variation. — Ab. spoliata Cockayne, Dartford (div. 1), one at
m.v.l., June 13 1969 (B. K. West).

Diacrisia sannio L.: Clouded Buff. B. & M. of K., 2: 103, 363.

4. Deal, June 26 1970 (D. A. Stopher), is new to this division.

S. lubricipeda L.: White Ermine. B. & M. of K., 2: 98, 363.

Scott {Ent. Rec., 81: 266-267) records interesting comparative

data on this species, S. luteum Hufnagel and S. urticae Esper, at two
different types of habitat at Dungeness.

S. luteum Hufnagel: Buff Ermine. B. & M. of K., 2: 100, 363.

Variation. — de Worms {Proc. S. Lond. ent. not. Hist. Soc.,
1963: 44) exhibited an ab. taken at Ham Street, June 30 1963, “without
black markings on the fore wings”.

S. urticae Esper: Water Ermine. B. & M. of K., 2: 99, 363.

2. Woodstock Farm, Sittingbourne, 1973 (Watkinson,Enr. Rec.,
85: 245). Higham, June 21 1973 (P. A. Sokoloff). Stoke Saltings, 1976
(Whitebread, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1976, 9: 124). Nagden

Marshes, Faversham, $, July 8 1971, $, July 4 1974 (B. K. West).

4. Sandwich, 1970 (Chatelain & O’Keeffe, Ent. Rec., 83: 43):
June 18 1977 (P. A. Sokoloff).

9. Minnis Bay, July 22 1977, at m.v.l. (T. W. Harman).

15. Many records for this div. (e.g. Chalmers-Hunt & Wakely,
Ent. Rec., 76: 94; Scott, Ent. Rec., 80: 257, 81: 266: de Worms,
Entomologist, 100: 97). In 1971, at Boulderwall, R. E. Scott recorded
64 urticae at light between June 20 and July 14 with maximum (14)
on July 1. In 1975, B. K. West took one at Brenzett on June 15.

Variation. — The immaculate ab. without any trace of black
spots occurs from time to time: one was taken at Dymchurch in 1977
by J. E. Owen; and single examples were taken at Dungeness by Wild
(Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1973, 5: 136) and in 1972 by Withers
{Ent. Rec., 85: 171).

Diaphora mendica Clerck: Muslin Moth.

B. & M. of K., 2: 101,363.

Watkinson {Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 12: 60; Ent. Rec., 90:
312) recorded a probable second generation specimen that appeared at
light at Boughton-under-Blean (div. 3), on September 8 1978.

Phragmatobia fuliginosa L.: Ruby Tiger.

B. & M. of K., 2: 104, 363.

Wheeler-Holohan {Ent. Rec., 91: 281) recorded the appearance
of a phenomenal swarm of the moths, near Swanley in late August
1972 during the late afternoon, the flight of which only lasted for
a short period.

B. K. West found many larvae on lupin at Dartford (div. 1) in
1961 and in other years, many of which were parasitized by the
dipteron Carcelia leucorum Mgn.

Variation. — I possess a specimen of the rare form in which
the red of the hindwings is replaced by yellow, which was taken at
light at East Mailing on August 16 1965 (C.-H.).

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entomologist’s record

I/VI/80

Callimorpha dominula L.; Scarlet Tiger.

B. & M. of K., 2: 111, 364.

4. Kingsdown, May 3 1974, two larvae on Parietaria diffusa,
one on bramble and one on Inula conyza (C.-H.); larvae. May 1973
(Watson, Ent. Rec., 91: 244); four moths, July 6, one^, July 15 1979
(A. P. Foster). Ham Fen, two larvae on Urticae dioica, 1975, bred
(P. N. Headley).

NOLIDAE

Meganola strigula D. & S.: Small Black Arches.

B. & M. of K., 2: 78.

3. West Blean Wood, two, July 24 1980 (P. Platts).

11. Oaken Wood, Banning, July 16 1976 (C. Samson in KBARC);

M. albula D. & S.: Kent Black Arches.

B. & M. of K., 2: 78, 360, 379.

Has increased considerably of late.

2. Stoke Saltings (1975) (S. Whitebread); June 25 1976 (White-

bread, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1976, 9: 124); July 27 1977

(P. A. Sokoloif)- Elmley N. R., Sheppey, July 8 1976 (I. Watkinson in
KBARQ. Minster-in-Sheppey, 1977, 1978, 1979. (G. N. Burton).
Sheppey, one, July 10 1979 (F. H. Clouter).

3. Westbere Village, July 15 1976 (T. W. Harman).

7. Newington, one, August 16 1977 (Mrs. V. D. Taylor per
P. J. Jewess).

8. Kingsdown, one at m.v.l., August 8 1979 (A. P. Foster).

15. Dungeness, 1967 (Scott, Ent. Rec., 80: 257) ;1969 (Fair-
dough, Ent. Rec., 82: 133); July 1(1), 14(1), 15(2), 20(4), 21(1), 23(1),
August 1(1), 3(2) 1971 (R. E. Scott); 1971 (Harman, Ent. Rec., 84:
274); July 20 1972 (S. Whitebread in KBARC); July 13(6), August 10(2)
1973 (P. Cordell). Boulderwall, in m.v. trap, July 24(2), 25(2), August
3(1), 13(1), 20(1) 1972 (R. E. Scott). Lydd-on-Sea, July 9 1976 (T. W.
Harman).

16. Cheriton, one, August 5 1975, one, 1976 (P. E. Cook).

V. confusalis H. S.: Least Black Arches.

B. & M. of K., 2: 79, 360.

4. Deal, occasionally (D. A. Stopher).

7. Detling, June 3 1979 (N. F. Heal in KBARC), Rochester,
June 4 1978 (A. G. J. Butcher).

8. Brook, May 31 1975 (I. Watkinson in KBARC). Winchcombe
Downs, May 15 1979 (M. Enfield in KBARC).

12, Hothfield Common, June 2 1968 (de Worms, Entomologist,
102: 135). Long Rope, Orlestone Forest, two at light, June 2 1979
(B. Skinner).

15. Dymchurch, one at m.v.l.. May 1974 (J. E. Owen)f, is new to
15.

N. aerugula Heubner: centonalis Huebner: Scarce Black Arches.

B. & M. of K., 2: 94, 362, 380.

4. Deal. — In a letter to G. W. Bird dated 6.viii.l881 and in
my possession, W. H. Tugwell wrote: “It will never be a profuse

species. I have worked it thoroughly for 3 years but could never get
more than about 30 in a season fine. The first year I got 32, last year
25 and this one 34; the difficulty is to get really good weather. The
last 3 days when I had hoped for good sport, the wind spoiled the hope
and I got only 3 in 3 nights working till nearly 2 a.m. On the best day
this year I got 13, we then worked till daylight. That night I and two
of my friends and Mr. Harbour of Deal we took between the four
nets 30 specimens working till daylight and most trying work it is.
So far as my experience goes ’tis extremely local although I this year
I extended the field somewhat ...”

8. Dover, one in m.v.l. trap, July 18/19 1976 (Youden,£'«L Rec.,
88: 267).

12. Faggs Wood, Orlestone, one July 13 1969 (P. Cordell).
LASIOCAMPIDAE

Poecitocampa populi L.: December Moth.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(239)

B. & M. of K., 2: 63, 359.

4. Deal, December 12 1965 (D. A, Stopher), is new to 4.

Trichiura crataegi L.: Pale Eggar. B. & M. of K., 2; 62, 359.

This species appears to have become very scarce and I have no
more recent records than those hereunder.

11. Hoads Wood, two $ $, September 22 1963 (B. K. West).

12. Hothfield, several larvae on sallow, June 10 1965 (B. K. West).

Eriogaster lanestris L.: Small Eggar. B. & M. of K., 2: 64, 359, 379.

There is no record of occurrence in Kent to my knowledge since
a larval nest was observed by the Hythe Military Canal in 1951 (C.-H.).

Malacosoma neustria L.: Common Lackey.

B. & M. of K., 2: 60, 358, 379.

Dey (Ent. Rec., 90: 299) records neustria larvae at a street light
at Rainham in 1978, though whether or not they were attracted to
the light is open to question.

M. castrensis L.: Ground Lackey. B. & M. of K., 2: 61, 379.

2. Faversham, larvae end of June 1970 (Chatelain and O’Keeffe,
Ent. Rec., 83: 44); June 30 1977, at Nagden, about 80 larvae seen
(B. Skinner); Nagden, larvae in vast numbers end of June 1979 (B. K.
West). Sheppey, larvae (F. H. Clouter); five nests, 1980 (C.-H.).

Lasiocampa trifolii D. & S. ssp. flava Chalmers-Hunt: Grass Eggar.
B. & M. of K., 2: 66, 359.

This very distinctive shingle beach race still survives at Dungeness
though the habitat has suffered much during the past few years.

15. Dungeness. — The Grass Eggar is probably noted annually
either as larvae in the early summer or as moths at light later on. In
1974, the larvae were not uncommon on grass, broom and bramble
on June 22 and 26 (Britton, Ent. Rec., 87: 215); and were also noted
in early June 1975 (Coster, Ent. Rec., 88: 130). In 1979, a number of
moths was noted at light by B. Skinner, B. K. West and others.

L. quercus L.: Oak Eggar. B. & M. of K., 2: 65, 359.

Among recent records are those hereunder. Apparently very scarce
in div. 1, but evidently much more numerous in E. Kent.

1. St. Mary Cray, S assembled July 14 1959 (R. G. Chatelain).
West Wickham, seen by N. Burrows in a field adjoining Well Wood,
and three caught by him, July 3 1966; a number taken July 1968 and
two' larvae on bramble about the same year; a $ in garden, July 10
1971 (D. S. Burows). Hextable, larvae on hawthorn, 1968 (B. K. West).

2. Minster-in-Sheppey, 1979 (G. N. Burton).

4. Sandwich Bay, $ , July 24 1967; Worth, $ at m.v.l., August
12 1969 (T. W. Harman). Deal, July 6 1973 (D. A. Stopher).

5. High Elms, $ at m.v.l., August 8 1977 (P. A. Sokoloff).

6. Greenhithe, larvae on hawthorn, 1973 (B. K. West).

6a. Northwood Hill, a larva (Newcombe, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 11: 67).

8. Temple Ewell, larvae “common on ivy” (R. Chambers in litt.
i.l978) (Note: Pitman (Entomologist, 5: 457) records finding larvae
feeding on ivy in a garden at Blackheath (div. 1)). Folkestone, males
frequently seen on the downs and in the Warren in July and August
(P. E. Cook). Dover, 2 $ S, August 8 1974 (C.-H.).

9. Westgate-on-Sea, $, August 22 1974 (C.-H.). Pegwell Bay,
2 $$, 1979 (C. Randall). Monkton Chalkpit, $ August 11 1979 (T.
W. Harman).

12. Orlestone Forest, $ July 23 1972 (C.-H.); fairly common, a $
at light July 16 1976 (P. E. Cook).

15. Dungeness, larvae on broom and blackthorn. May 2 1966
(Wakely, Ent. Rec., 79: 67); two small larvae on sallow, September 19
1978 (C.-H.).

Variation. — Saunders (Ent. Rec., 90: 307) records an abnormal
specimen bred from a $ taken at Faversham in 1977, as “mostly
female but with male antennae and a fairly large part of the hindwing
male”.

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entomologist’s record

I/VI/80

SATURNIIDAE

Saturnia pavonia L.: Emperor. B. & M. of K., 2\ 73.

1. Joydens Wood, $ at m.v.l., May 5 1970 (B. K. West). Bexley
Village, larvae on bramble, August 10-13 1978 (Brydon, Ent. Rec.
90: 277).

2. Minster-in-Sheppey, two $ $ at light. May 11 1976 (F. H.
Clouter).

6. South Darenth*, empty or parasitised cocoons under sloe,
October 1965 (L. K. Evans). Between Shoreham and Otford, May 18
($ $ flying), 22 ($ with egg batch) 1970 (J. Platts). Rochester, larva,
moth bred April 25 1978 (A. G. J. Butcher).

11. East Mailing, May 24 (one at m.v.l.), 30 (one) 1979; batch of
ova on apple, Spring 1979 (D. A. Chambers^

DREPANIDAE

Drepana cuhraria F.: Barred Hook-tip.

B. & M. of K., 2: 75, 360.

Westbere Village (div. 3), August 2 1976 (T. W. Harman), is new
to this div.

D. falcataria L.: Pebble Hook-tip B. & M. of K., 2: 75.

Green Street Green (div. 5), July 2 1975 (P. Sokoloff), is new
to 5. Dungeness (div. 15), one at m.v.l., August 21 1971 (R. E. Scott),
is new to 15.

THYATIRIDAE

Thyatira batis L.: Peach Blossom. B. & M. of K., 2: 41.

15. Dymchurch, one, c. 1975 (J. E. Owen), is only the second
for this div.

Variation. — Renshaw (Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1974, 7(1):
33, pit. 1, fig. 7) exhibited a melanic he took at Ham Street.

Tethea ocularis L. ssp. octogesimea Hiibner: Figure of 80.

B. & M. of K., 2: 41, 357, 379.

Appears still to be widely distributed and of fairly regular
occurrence.

1. Forest Hill, two 1977 (W. G. St. John). West Wickham,
annually at m.v.l. (C.-H.).

2. Higham, melanic, June 21 1975 (P. Sokoloff). Sheppey, June
24 1977 (F. H. Clouter).

4. Worth, July 25 1967 (T. W. Harman). Deal, occasional (D. A.
Stopher).

5. High Elms, June 10 1973 (P. Sokoloff).

7. Rochester, June 20 1978 (A. G. J. Butcher).

8. Dover, one July 2 1973 (G. H. Youden).

10. South Darenth*, pupa under Lombardy poplar, October 1965,
reared June 18 1966 (L. K. Evans).

12. Ham Street, one or two most years (P. E. Cook).

15. Dymchurch, c. 1975 (J. E. Owen).

16. Folkestone, one July 8 1979 (P. E. Cook). Dungeness, two
or three larvae on aspen, September 16 1979 (B. Skinner).

T. or D. & S.: Poplar Lutestring. B. & M. of K., 2: 43, 357.

There is no previous record for div. 15.

15. Dymchurch, 1974 (J. E. Owen). Dungeness, July 2 1976 (T.
W. Harman).

Tetheella fluctuosa Hiibner: Satin Lutestring.

B. & M. of K., 2: 46, 357, 379.

Has increased markedly of late, especially in the Ham Street
area, where it was unknown prior to 1955.

1. Bromley, July 10 1971 (P. Sokoloff).

4. Deal, July 7 1967 (D. A. Stopher).

5. Andrews Wood, common, July 22 1977 (P. Sokoloff).

6. Upper Hailing, July 14 1978 (A. G. J. Butcher).

7. Longton Wood, June 26 1976 (F. H. Clouter).

8. Reinden Wood, June 21 1978 (T. W. Elarman), Dover, one
“dark var.”, June 26 1979 (G. H. Youden).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(241)

10. Fawke Common, 1968 (Chatelain et al., Ent. Rec., 81: 109).

11. Hoads Wood, two at m.v.l., July 16 1976; Oaken Wood, July
16 1980 (C.-H.).

12. Orlestone Forest, 1967 (de Worms, Entomologist, 101: 112);

threeJuly 27 1967 (T. W. Harman); twelve, June 11 1969 (B. Skinner);
ab. “with the [pale] transverse band absent on the forewing”, June 22
1969 (de Worms, Entomologist, 103: 128); July 6 1970 (Chatelain &
O’Keeffe, Ent. Rec., 83: 44); a few, July 27 1970 (B. Skinner); melanic
ab., June 21 1971 (de Worms, Ent. Rec., 83: 324); eight at m.v.l.,
June 21 1975 (C.-H.); June 8 (a few), 10 (common), 17 (a few) 1973;

July 20 1978 (one melanic); several August 3 1979 Skinner);

melanic specimens in 1975 and 1976 (P. E. Cook). Ham Street Village,
June 25 1976; Canterbury, June 29 1976 (T. W. Harman).

15. Dymchurch, one, 1976f (J. E. Owen); is new to 15.
Variation. — Melanic specimens are now frequent in Orlestone

Forest, having appeared there for the first time in Kent in 1955, and

seem to be increasing there; a melanic has also turned up in div. 8
(see above).

Ochropacha duplaris L.: Common Lutestring.

B. & M. of K., 2: 44, 357.

There is no previous record for div. 5.

5. Knockholt, July 29 1977 (P. Sokoloff).

8. Dover, $ in m.v. trap, July 17 1967 (G. H. Youden). Elham
Park Woods (P. E. Cook).

11. Chiddingstone, several, July 26 1975 (S. E. Whitebread).

12. Orlestone Forest, July 1 1967 (de Worms, Entomologist , 101:
112); Long Rope, one at sugar, August 8 1975 (P. E. Cook).

15. Dymchurch, one at m.v.l., July 7 1979 (J. E. Owen).

Achlya flavicornis L. ssp. gatbanus Tutt: Yellow-horned.

B. & M. of K., 2: 48, 357.

5. Cuckoo Wood near Downe, three larvae on birch, 1968,
reared 1969 (F. A. Swain). Andrews Wood, common (P. A. Sokoloff).

Polyploca ridens F.: Frosted Green. B. & M. of K., 2: 49, 358.
3. Westbere Village, one May 15 1979 (T. W. Harman).

12. Faggs Wood, Orlestone, 22 at m.v.l.. May 22 1970 (L. K.
Evans). Bourne Wood NNR, April 15(1), May 6(1) 1977, May 6(11)
1978 (T. W. Harman).

15. Dymchurch, one taken at m.v.l., 1978t (J. E. Owen), is new
to 15 but probably casual (C.-H.).

NOCTUIDAE

Noctuinae

Euxoa tritici L.: White-line Dart. B. & M. of K., 2: 116.

Recently noted in 5, and so now recorded from all divisions
except 10.

5. Green Street Green, one August 18 1973, one August 16 1975
(P. Sokoloff).

6a. Northwood Hill, one, c. 1978 (R. E. Scott).

E. nigricans L.: Garden Dart. B. & M. of K., 2: 114.

Variation. — B. K. West took ab. striata Tutt, Dartford (div. 1),
July 16 1950 (1), August 15 1956 (1).

E. cursoria Hufnagel: Coast Dart. B. & M. of K., 2: 114.

A species of extremely rare occurence in Kent.

8. Dover, in m.v. trap in garden, August 14 (l)t, 16 (l)f 1979
(G. H. Youden).

A gratis cinerea D. & S.: Feathered Rustic.

B. & M. of K., 2: 122, 364.

6. Downs near Wrotham, 1970 (Chatelain & O’Keeffe, Ent. Rec.,
83: 42). Trottiscliffe, May 28 1973 (S. Whitebread in KBARC).

7. Broad Street, May 22 1976 (C. Samson in KBARC).

8. Olantigh, May 22 1976; Winchcombe Downs. June 3 1979
(M. Enfield in KBARC).

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entomologist’s record

15. Boulderwall. May 28 1967 (Scott. Ent. 80: 257); 23 at

m.v.l., May 22 — June 10 1971 (R, E. Scott). Dungeness, 1974 (Britton,
Ent, Rec., 87: 215); abundant at m.v., June 3 1978 (P. Sokoloff).

A. vestigialis Hufnagel: Archer’s Dart.

B. & M. of K., 2: 120, 364.

Probably casual in 7.

4. Worth, July 22 1967; Sandwich Bay, July 24 1967 (T. W.
Harman). Sandwich Bay, July 6 1971 (S. Whitebread in KB ARC).

7. Newington, one in m.v. trap, August 4 1973 (P. J. Jewess
in lift, to C. G. M. de Worms, 23.iii.1974).

15. Dungeness, June 13 (1), August 25 (1) 1971 (R. E. Scott);
1974 (Brown, Ent. Rec., 87: 168). Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, one
in m.v. trap, c. 1976 (J. E. Owen).

A. ripae Hbn.: Sand Dart. B. & M. of K., 2: 126, 365.

4. Sandwich Bay, at sugar, 1977 (B. K. West).

15. Boulderwall, 1967 (Scott, Ent. Rec., 80: 257). Dungeness,
June 25 1972 (R. E. Scott in KBARC); 1975 (Brown, Ent. Rec., 88: 74).

[A. crassa Hbn.: Great Dart. B. & M. of K., 2: 120.

8. I examined the Dover specimen in the A. F. Griffith coll, in
the National Mus. of Wales on 25.vi.1971. It is without doubt referable
to crassa Hbn. and bears a label inscribed: “This moth was picked
out li of a Box with other common || species taken near Dover & |1
valued only at d2 by the j] working collector” (C.-H.). The Plumstead
and Lewisham specimens doubtless refer to Spaelotis ravida D. & S.
(^.v.) (C.-H.).]

Actinotia polyodon Clerck: Purple Cloud. B. & M. of K., 2: 114.

12. Faggs Wood, one, June 1 1967 (P. Cordell); is only the second
confirmed occurrence in Kent of this very rare species. At the same
time there was taken a Senta flammea Curtis (^.v.)

[Birch Wood (div. 1) (1827, Ingpen, Instructions, 91) is evidently
erroneous, as the species is unrecorded irl Stephens, Haustellata {vide
Ingpen, op. cit., 87), but is stated in Wood (1838, Index Entomologicus,
249) to have been introduced as British in error for a form of Egira
conspicillaris L. (q.v.).]

Ochropleura plecta L.: Flame Shoulder. B. & M. of K., 2: 134.

Variation. — West {Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1978, 11 (1-2),
pit. 1, fig. 8) exhibited an ab., taken Dartford 27 1977.

Standfussiana lucernea L.: Northern Rustic.

B. & M. of K., 2: 129, 365.

8. Folkestone Warren, June 23 1976 (Whitebread, Ent. Rec., 89:

11).

Rhyacia simulans Hufnagel: Dotted Rustic.

B. & M. of K., 2: 130.

The species is now of confirmed occurrence in Kent, having been
taken in 1978, 1979 and 1980.

1. Wilmington, one, July 6 1979 (Butcher, Ent. Rec., 91: 316).
3. Boughton-under-Blean, ^ in m.v. trap, September 7/8 1978
(Watkinson, Ent. Rec., 90: 312; 324; ibid, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
12: 4).

5. Green Street Green, one, September 14 1980 (P. Sokoloff).
First (confirmed) Record, 1978: Watkinson, Ent. Rec., 90: 312.

Noctua pronuba L.: Large Yellow-underwing.

B. & M. of K., 2: 148, 367.

Variation. — An apparently scarce form with pale hindwings is
ab. decolorata Turati, taken by B. K. West, Sandwich, one, July 14
1966 and Dartford (div. 1), one, September 4 1971.

N. comes Hbn.: Lesser Yellow underwing.

B. & M. of K., 2: 145, 367.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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Variation. — Morley {Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1963:
36) exhibited “a pink form not seen before in Folkestone”, July 30
1962; and B. K. West took at Dartford, September 20 1969 a ^
referable to ab. sagittifera Cockayne, also from there an ab. attenuata
Warren, July 28 1963.

N. fimbriata Schreber: Broad-bordered Yellow underwing.

B. & M. of K., 2: 149, 367.

2. Elmley N. R., Sheppey, July 8 1976 (I. A. Watkinson in
KB ARC), is new to 2.

4. Worth, August 1 1967 (T. W. Harman). Deal, occasional
(D. A. Stophef).

Spaelotis ravida D. & S.: crassa sensu Haworth: Stout Dart.

B. & M. of K., 2: 130, 365.

1. Lewisham, 1845 (Stainton, Zoologist, \\9 A), should be placed

here and not under Agrotis crassa Hbn. (^.v.) (Morris, Br. Moths,!:
133, probably refers). Plumstead, as “Graphiphora crassa” (Cburtney,
Entomologist, 1: 227). Dartford, one in m.v. trap, September 5 1977
(B..K. West). \

2. Greenhithe, fairly common in trap, 1899 (A. B. Farn MS.).
Higham, August 19 1971, August 23 1973 (S. Whitebread in KB ARC).
Sittingbourne, August 17 1974 (I. Watkinson in KBARC). Nagden, one
flying, one on a reed head, July 10 1980 (B. Skinner).

3. Westbere Village, one August 21 1975, one September 5 1976
(T. W. Harman). Boughton-under-Blean, August 17 1978 (I. Watkinson
in KBARC).

6. Rochester, one at m.v.l., July 16 1972 (A. G. J. Butcher).

7. Newington, August 29 1978, September 1 1979 (Mrs. V. D.
Taylor per P. J, Jewess).

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, one at m.v.l., August 1974
(J. E. Owen).

Graphiphora augur F.: Double Dart.

B: & M. of K.,2: 130, 365.

1. Orpington, one, June 27 1966 (F. A. Swain). Dartford, Julv
10, 23 1971, July 19 1975 (B. K. West).

2. Higham, 1975 (Whitebread, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
9: 59).

6. Rochester, July 14 1979 (A. G. J. Butcher)^

6a. Chattenden, 1976 (Whitebread, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
10: 60).

12. Canterbury, June 24 1976 (T. W. Harman in KBARC).

Paradiarsia glareosa Esper: Autumnal Rustic.

B. & M. of K., 2: 135, 366.

Has spread into new areas of late.

2. Higham, September 26 1971 (S. Whitebread).

3. Westbere, September 14 1977 (T. W. Harman). Boughton-
under-Blean, September 24 1978 (I. A. Watkinson).

6. TrottisclifFe, September 15 1977 (D. Dey).

7. Boughton Aluph, September 8 1979 (M. Enfield).

8. Olantigh, September 16 1976 (M. Enfield).

11. Hoads Wood, September 11 1976 (D. Dey). Platt, September
29 1978 (I. A. Watkinson).

12. Hothfield Bog, five at m.v.l., September 8 1979 (B. Skinner
and E. H. Wild). Canterbury Field Centre, October 5 1976 (T. W,
Harman).

13. Bayham Abbey, August 29 1971 (D. W. Webb).

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, two, 1976 (J. E. Owen).

Lycophotia porphyrea D. & S.: vaWa Villers: strigula Thunberg: True
Lover’s Knot. B, & M. of K., 2: 127, 365.

In 1949, I took, a $ at Orlestone on May 15, a remarkably early
date for this moth (Chalmers-Hunt, Entomologist f 141).

2. Sheppey, one, July 14 1976 (F. H. Clouter), is new to this
division.^

entomologist’s record

(244)

Diasia dahlii Hbn.: Barred Chestnut. B. & M. of K., 2: 132.

Is rare and of uncertain occurrence in Kent.

12. Willesborough, August 9 1969 (W. L. Rudland in KBARC).

D. brunnea D. & S.: Purple Clay. B. & M. of K., 2: 131, 365.

15. Dym church, one c. 1976t (J. E. Owen), is new to this div.

Xestia c-nigrum L.: Setaceous Hebrew Character.

B. &M. of K.,2: 137.

The early stages of this common moth are hardly ever noted.
Harding (Entomologist, 4: 152) recorded that [at Deal] he took
a number of larvae “feeding on pea-stems: they have turned out to be
Noctua C-nigrum”.

X. ditrapezium D. & S.: Triple^spotted Clav.

B. & M. of K., 2: 138, 366.

1. Dartford, one August 11 1979 (B. K. West).

6a. Darenth Wood (Morris, Br. Moths, 2: 142).

7. Newington, August 12 1973 (Mrs. V. D. Taylor per P. J.
Jewess). Woodstock, July 1 1973 (I. A. Watkinson in KBARC).

12. Orlestone Forest, July 6 1973 (C. G. M. de Worms in KBARC).
Canterbury, July 16 1976 (T. W. Harman in KBARQ.

X. rhomboidea Esper: Square^spotted Clay.

B. & M. of K., 2: 139, 366.

7. HoUingbourne, July 21 1904,, August 20 1905 (R. A. Jackson,
Diary). Westwell, $ , August 19 1968 taken by D. O’Keeffe (Chatelain
et al., Ent. Rec., 81: 111).

X. agathina Duponchel: Heath Rustic.

B. &M.ofK., 2: 134,366.

12. Hothfield, 20 larvae late June 1979, from which were bred
August 8 (3), 12 (3) 1979 (J. Platts); about 12 at m.v.l., September
8 1979 (B. Skinner and E. H. Wild).

Naenia typica L.: Gothic. B. & M. of K., 2: 144, 367.

1. Dartford, one July 9 1974, one July 7 1976 (B. K. West).

2. Dartford Marshes, one on flower of common thistle, July 14
1972 (B. K. West).

4. Sandwich, one June 20 1954 (B. K. West). Worth, one July 27
1967 (T. W. Harman).

5. High Elms, July 1974 (P. Sokoloff).

7. HoUingbourne, one July 14 1906 (R. A. Jackson, Diary).

8. Dover, one, August 1 1974 (G. H. Youden).

12. Orlestone, one June 18 1968 (B. K. West). Canterbury, July
19 1976 T. W. Harman). Ashford, one 1978 (P. N. Headley).

15. Dungeness, one late June 1966, one July 19 1968 (R. E. Scott).
Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, c. 1976 (J. E. Owen). New to this
division.

Eurois occulta L.: Great Brocade. B. & M. of K., 2: 142, 367.

1976: Westbere (div.4), August 19(1), 21(1), 28(1), 30(1), September
5(1) (Harman, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 10: 4; T. W. Harman
in litt.). Canterbury (div. 12) August 14 (T. W. Harman in KBARC).
Newington (div. 7), August 30 (Mrs. V. D. Taylor per P. J. Jewess).
1977: Dymchurch, one taken at m.v.l. t (J. E. Owen).

Anaplectoides prasina D. & S.: Green Arches.

B. & M. of K., 2: 141, 366.

4. Ickham, June 6 1961 (Marsh, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1961: 43), is new to this div.

6a Darenth Wood, July 3 1976 (J. Platts in KBARQ.

7. Bearsted (Mrs. Heather Bales teste S. Whitebread in litt. 1975).

8. Olantigh, June 20 1976 (M. Enfield in KBARQ. Folkestone
Warren, June 23 1976 (Whitebread, Ent. Rec., 89: 11).

11. Oaken Wood, June 4 1976 (C. Samson in KBARQ.

Polia bombycina Hufnagel: nitens Haworth: Pale Shining Brown.

B. & M. of K., 2: 159, 368.

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LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(245)

1. West Wickham, July 10 1956 (P. Cordell); one, July 4 1971 at
m.v.l. (C.-H.). Dartford, one July 11 1973, one June 22 1976 (B. K.
West).

6. Eynsford, 1968 (O’Keeffe, Proc. Br. ent. not. Hist. Soc., 1969:
42); July 4 1976 (T. W. Harman). Rochester, July 21 1972 (A. G.
Butcher).

12. Canterbury, July 11 1976 (T. W. Harman).

P. nebulosa Hufnagel: Grey Arches. B. & M. of K., 2: 160 368.

B. K. West found the larva at Eynsford (div. 6) on Viburnum
Ian tana and elder and bred the moths in 1963.

Pachetra sagittigera Hufnagel ssp. britannica Turner: Feathered Ear.
B. <Sc M. of K., 2: 161, 368.

The species has not been seen in the county since 1963, although
looked for assiduously. The locality at Wye by the Crown Pit does not
appear to have altered appreciably, and the reason for the apparent
decline of sagittigera is a mystery.

8. Wye Crown, $ at sugar, June 2 1963 (B. Skinner).

Sideridis atbicolon Hbn.: White Colon.

B. & M. of K., 2: 176, 370.

Probably casual in 3 and 8.

3. Westbere, one June 19 1979 (T. W. Harman).

4. Sandwich Bay, July 6 1972 and since (B. K. West).

8. Dover, one above Shakespeare Cliff, July 14 1951 1 (G. H.
Youden).

15. Boulderwall, one in m.v. trap, July 24 1972 (R. E. Scott).

Heliophobus reticulata Goeze ssp. marginosa Haworth: Bordered Gothic.
B. & M. of K., 2: 177, 370.

1. Dartford, one June 18 1974 (B. K. West). Farningham, July
13 1962 (B. Skinner in KB ARC).

4. Deal, June 26 1965, May 31 1969 (D. A. Stopher).

15. Boulderwall, one in m.v. trap, July 26 1972 (R. E. Scott).

Mamestra persicariae L.: Dot. B. & M. of K., 2: 158, 368.

The larva has been found on Ribes sanguineum at Bexley Heath
(West, Ent. Rec., 77: 49); and by L. K. Evans at Chistlehurst in August
1965, on Convolvulus and Michaelmas Daisy.

Lacanobia contigua D. & S.: Beautiful Brocade.

B. & M. of K., 2: 167, 369.

6. Trottiscliffe. — eight, June 10 1968 (Chatelain et al., Ent. Rec.,
81: 109); “downs near Wrotham”, June 1970 (Chatelain & O’Keeffe,
Ent. Rec.,83:42); October 1971, “one recently bred out .... from
larvae beaten from mixed vegetation last October” (H. E. Chipper-
field in litt. 21.vi.l972); May 28 1973 (S. Whitebread in KBARC).
Birling Hill, several June 21 1975 (P. J. Jewess).

L. thalassina Hufnagel: Pale shouldered Brocade.

B. & M. of K., 2: 167, 369.

2. Higham, May 31 1971, June 21 1972 (S. Whitbread in KBARC).
Aylesford, June 16 1974 (E. G. Philp in KBARC).

15. Dymchurch, two c. 1976 (J. E. Owen).

L. suasa D. & S.: Dog’s Tooth. B. & M. of K., 2: 165, 369.

1. Dartford, August 29 1970 (B. K. West).

2. Cliffe, August 24 1973 (P. J. Jewess).

3. Westbere Village, August 27 1978 (T. W. Harman).

4. Worth, July 31 1967; Sandwich Bay, one August 9 1969 (T. W.
Harman). Deal, June 27 1965, June 14 1967, July 1 1969 (D. A. Stopher).

8. Kingsdown, one August 15 1979 (A. P. Foster).

11. Aylesford, May 28 1974, August 5 1976 (P. J. Jewess).

15. Boulderwall, one July 1 1972 (R. E. Scott).

Hadena compta D. & S.: Varied Coronet.

entomologist’s record

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B. & M. of K., 2: 172, 369.

1. Bexley, June 17 1967 (O’Keeffe, List S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc. Exhibition, 1967: 18, de Worms, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1968: 120). Joydens Wood, one, June 30 1969; Dartford, one, June 10
1970, July 4 1973, July 9, 21, 22(3) 1974, July 25 1978, July 12 1979;
larvae, September 1978 on Sweet Wivelfield, hybrid x D. barbatus
(B. K. West). West Wickham, one in m.v. trap, June 7 1971 (C.-H.).

2. Minster-in-Sheppey, 1979 (G. N. Burton)

3. Westber Village, July 15 1976, June 30 1977 (T. W. Harman).
Boughton-under-Blean, June 29 1978 (I. Watkinson).

4. Deal, occasional (D. A. Stopher).

5. High Elms, regularly (P. A. Sokoloff in litt. 18.ii.l979),
Orpington, July 7 1974 (P. A. Sokoloff).

6. Pinden, 1967 (de Worms, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist Soc., 1968:
115). Gravesend, July 2 1976 (A. Holland). Higham, June 5 1971
(S. Whitebread in KB ARC). Rochester, July 17 1977 (A. G. J. Butcher).

6a. Darenth Wood, July 7 1977 (J. Platts in KBARC).

7. Sittingbourne, June 10 1975; Keycol, June 11 1975; Trundle
Wood, June 27 1974; Tevnham, July 8 1974; Hoath Wood, July 5 1975
(KBARC).

8. Wye, July 21 1977 (M. Enfield).

11. Aylesford, May 25 1973; Maidstone, July 22 1975; East Mailing,
July 19 1972; Linton, July 7 1977; Coxheath, July 8 1977 (KBARC).

12. Canterbury, June 10 1976 (T. W. Harman). Ashford, one,
1977 (P. N. Headley).

13. Tunbridge Wells, June 18 1974 (I. C. Beavis). Bayham Abbey,
July 10 1971; Pembury, July 10 1972 (D. W. Webb in KBARQ.

15. Dungeness, June 26 1972 (S. Whitebread in KBARC). Dym-
church, c. 1976 (J. E. Owen).

77. Borkhausen: White Spot.

R. M. o/ K., 2: 170, 369.

8. Folkestone Warren, June 23 1976 (Whitebread, Ent. Rec., 89:
11). Dover, one in m.v. trap. May 13 1980 (G. H. Vouden).

15. Dungeness, 1974 1975 (Brown, Ent. Rec., 87: 167, 88: 74);
July 2 1976 (T. W. Harman).

Cerapterix gramini^ L.: Antler B. & M. of K., 2: 179, 370.

6a. Northwood Hill, one at light, August 2 1975 (R. E. Scott), is
new to this div.

Tholera decimalis Poda: popularis F.: Feathered Gothic.

B. & M. of K., 2: 178.

C. G. Bruce showed me a halved gynandromorph that he took on
September 4 1970 at Ham Street (C.-H.).

Egira conspicillaris L.: Silver Cloud B. & M. of K., 2: 180.

1. Birch Wood, June (1827, Ingpen, Instructions, 91).

Orthosia opima Hbn.: Northern Drab
B. & M. of K.,2: 185,370.

1. Lee, two (C. G. Bruce per de Worms, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 1968: 120).

7. Newington, April 20 1974 (Mrs. V. D. Taylor per P. J. Jewess).
15. Boulderwall, 1966, April 19(2), 21(1), 1972; Dungeness, one

April 23 1971 (R. E. Scott). '

O. munda D. & S.: Twin-spot Quaker. B. & M. of K., 2; 185,

4. Deal, March 31 1972 (D. A. Stopher), is new ^td div. 4.,

Mythimna turca L.: Double Line. B. & M. of K., Z: 198.

8. Folkestone*. — I have two specimens: one, “Fdll(estone |j
Edwards 1903”; and, one “Folkestone |j Edwards 1904” (C.-H.).

M. albipuncta D. Sc Sr. White Point.

B. & M. of K.,2: 195,371. .

1963: Folkestone (French, Entomologist,,. 9S: 76). 1969: Lee

(div. 1), $ August 11 (C. G. Bruce). 1976: Dover, one, 'August 14

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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(G. H. Youden). Newington (div. 7), October 11 (Mrs. V. D. Taylor
per P. J. Jewess). 1977: Dover, one, October 11 (G. H. Youden).
Olantigh (div. 12), October 23 (M. Enfield in KBARC). 1978: Boughton-
under-Blean, October 13, 14 ( I. A. Watkinson). 1979: Dungeness,
August 31 (P. J. Jewess).

M. vitellina Hbn.: Delicate. B. & M. of K., 2: 193.

1978: Dungeness, six, October 12 (B. Skinner). Sheppey, October
15 (G. N. Burton). Dymchurch, one November (J. E. Owen). 1979:
Boughton-under Blean, October 10 (I. A. Watkinson in KBARC).

M. pudorina D. & S.: Striped Wainscot.

B. & M. of K., 2: 191, 370.

2. Elmley Nat. Reserve, Sheppey, July 8 1976; Murston July 9 1975
.(I A. Watkinson in KBARC).

4. Worth, one 1969; Westbere Marshes, June 26 1976 (T. W.
Harman).

8. Brook, “a lot of impudens"’, June 12 1961 (R. A. Jackson,
Diary).

12. Hothfield, larva. May 13 1974 (S. Whitebread in KBARC).

13. Bayham Abbey, August 10 1971 (D. W. Webb in KBARC).

M. impura Elbn,: Smoky Wainscot. B. & M. of K., 2: 189.

Chatelain and O’Keeffe (Ent. Rec., 83: 42) found the larvae in
abundance at Faversham; and Tweedie (Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
1969: 43) records the larva on Phragmites communis on Romney Marsh.

M. pallens L.: Common Wainscot. B. & M. of K., 2: 188.

Jacobs (Proc. Br. ent nat. Hist. Soc., 9: 120) observed that at
Bromley in 1976, one “had remained for three weeks on a fence without
moving, and during the greatest heat-wave the country had known”.

M. favicolor Barrett: Mathew’s Wainscot
B. & M. of K., 2: 189, 370.

2. Faversham, one bred from a larva found on May 22 1970
(Chatelain and O’Keeffe, Ent. Rec., 83: 42). Elmley Nat. Reserve,
July 8 1976 (I. A. Watkinson in KBARC). Woodstock Farm, Sitting-
bourne, 1973 (Watkinson, Ent. Rec., 85: 245).

3. Westbere, one, 1976 (T. W. Harman).

4. Sandwich Bay, one at sugar, August 9 1966 (B. K. West).
Ham Marshes, June 29 1971 (S. Whitebread in KBARC).

M. unipuncta Haworth: White-speck Wainscot.

B. &M. of K., 2: 192,371.

1966: According to French (Entomologist, 104: 209) seven uni-
puncta were recorded from Kent in September 1966. 1968: Lee (div.l),
$ , October 4 (C. G. Bruce). 1973: Dungeness, one September 8

(P. Cordell). 1975: Dungeness, one , October 4 (Baker, Ent. Rec., 87:
303). Higham (div.2), $, October 6 (Whitebread, Ent. Rec., 88: 282).
1978: Brook (div. 12), $, November 8 (J. Platts). East Mailing (div. 11),
S , November 8; Boughton-under Blean, (div. 3), six between October
14 and November 27; Westbere (div. 3), November 6; Ham Street
Village, five November 10 (Bretherton and Chalmers-Hunt, Ent. Rec.,
91: 91), 1979: Kingsdown (div. 8), $ and $, October 26 (A. P.
Foster). Westbere Village (div. 3), October 30 (T. W. Harman).

M. obsoleta Hbn.: Obscure Wainscot.

B. & M. of K., 2: 191, 370.

1. Orpington, one June 15 1976 (Chatelain and O’Keeffe, Ent.
Rec., 88: 332). Dartford, one in m.v. trap, June 23 1976 (B. K. West).

2. Higham, June 21 1973; Stoke, July 27 1977 (P. A Sokoloff).
Higham, July 3 1971, July 23 1972 (S. Whitebread in KBARC).
Teynham, July 9 1974; Murston, July 9 1975; Elmley Nat. Reserve,
July 8 1976 (I. A. Watkinson in KBARC). Belvedere Marshes, 2 S $
at m.v.l., June 23 1975 (J. Platts).

3. Westbere Village, June 6 1976, June 29 1977 (T. W. Harman).
Boughton-under-Blean, July 1 1978 (I. A. Watkinson in KBARQ.

4. Worth, 1967 (Harman, Ent. Rec., 80: 188); July 9 1977

entomologist’s record

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(Harman, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 11: 128). Sandwich, 1970
(Chatelain and O’Keeffe, Ent. Rec., 83: 43); one in m.v. trap at
Sandwich Bay Bird Observatory by BMNH Expedition, July 8 1977
(D. F. Harle). Westbere, June 26 1976, July 12 1978 (T. W. Harman).
7. Newington, July 3 1976 (Mrs. V. D. Taylor per P. J. Jewess).
12. Canterbury, June 7 1976 and annually (T. W. Harman in litt.
21. i. 1980). Faggs Wood, Orlestone, one July 20 1968 (P. CordeU).

15. Boulderwall, one 1971 (Harman, Ent. Rec., 84: 274): one
July 15 1972 (T. W. Harman in KBARQ. Dymchurch, c. 1976 (J. E.
Owen).

[M. loreyi Duponchel: Cosmopolitan.

15. Dungeness. — A good specimen of loreyi in R. W. Watson’s
coll, is labelled “ Dungeness R. Pitman 1939”, but the circumstances
and precise date of capture are unknown. R. F. Bretherton tells me
that the record for Kent in Heath and Emmet, The Moths and
Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland, 9: 272 is based on this

specimen (C.-H.).]

Senta flammea Curtis: Flame Wainscot.

B. & M. of K., 2: 188.

12. Faggs Wood, Orlestone, one June 1 1967 (P. Cordell). Note:^
P. Cordell took there the same night an Actinotia polyodon Clerck
(g.v.), which rather suggests that both were immigrants and from the
same area of origin.

Qicullinae

Cucullia absinthii L.: Wormwood Shark.

B. & M. of K., 2: 271, 375.

2. Higham, July 23 1972 (S. Whitebread in KBARQ.

3. Westbere, July 8 1976 (T. W. Harman).

4. Deal, August 14 1966, July 18 1967 (D. A. Stopher).

6. Rochester, July 22 1972 (A. G. J. Butcher).

7. Newington, June 15 1975 (Mrs. V. D. Taylor in KBARQ.

15. Dymchurch, one c. 1976 (J. E. Owen).

[C. argentea Hufnagel: Green Silver-spangled Shark.

The only argentea pertaining to Kent is a specimen formerly
belonging to the late J. S. Greenhill, labelled in his hand “KENT
7/1932” and now in the Merseyside County Museums, Liverpool,
which though correctly identified is of questionable origin (cf. Wallace,
Ent. Rec., 92: 7).]

C. umbratica L.: Shark. B. & M. of K., 2: 268.

T. W. Harman found a larva at night at Sandwich Bay in 1968,
feeding on “Cat’s Ear” [Hypocheoris radicata] from which he reared
the moth (T. W. Harman in litt.).

C. gnaphalii Hbn.: Cudweed. B. & M. of K., 2: 270, 375.

I have no more recent record of Kent occurrence than that here-
under.

12. Ham Street, one 1968 (Chatelain et al., Ent. Rec., 81: 109).

C. verbasci L.: Mullein Shark. B. & M. of K., 2: 272, 375.

15. Dymchurch, c. 1976 (J. E. Owen), is new to div. 15.

Calophasia lunula Hufnagel: Toadflax Brocade.

B. & M. of K., 2: 281, 376.

8. Folkestone Warren, one June 23 1976 (Whitebread, Ent. Rec.,
89: 11). Dover, one in m.v. trap, July 30 1976 (Youden, Ent. Rec., 88:
267), one, July 16 1977 (G. H. Youden). Kingsdown, two about May 24
1980, on flowers (A. Foster per G. H. Youden).

15. Dungeness. — a full grown larva on Senecio viscosus, “ at least
200 yards from nearest Linaria”, September 8 1969, but which died
three days later (L. K. Evans in litt.)-, larvae and cocoons, September
18-19 1971 (Goater, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1972, 5: 29); about
30 moths, June 22, 26 1974 (Britton, Ent. Rec., 87: 215); June 13(1),
14(1) 1975 (Brown, Ent. Rec., 88: 75).

Aporophyla australis Boisduval ssp. pascuea Humphreys & Westwood:
Feathered Brindle. B. & M. of K., 2: 287, 376.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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The following were probably strays. The moth is of regular
occurrence locally in 4 and 15.

1. Orpington, one at m.v.l. about October 12 1979 (R. G.
Chatelain).

7. Newington, October2 1978 (Mrs. V. D. Taylor per P. J. Jewess).

A. nigra Haworth; Black Rustic. B. & M. of K., 2: 286.

There are very few records for Kent.

1. Bexley, one in m.v. trap, October 3 1971 (D. O’Keeffe), is in
coll. (C.-H.); September 26 (^), October 10 (^) 1972 (D. O’Keeffe).

2. Minster-in-Sheppey, one, 1976 (F. H. Clouter).

15. Dungeness, one at sugar, one at m.v.l., October 13 1979
(J. Platts).

Lithophane semibrunnea Haworth; Tawny Pinion.

B. & M. of K„ 2; 275, 375.

1. West Wickham, 1972 (Burrows, Ent. Rec., 85; 69); 1979

(Chalmers-Hunt, Ent. Rec., 91; 285). Dartford, one at light, April 10
1979 (B. K. West).

2. Higham, May 1 1973 (S. Whitebread in KBARC).

3. Boughton-under-Blean, October 21 1978 (I. A. Watkinson in
KBARC).

4. Sandwich Bay, one at sugar, October 25 1977 (T. W. Harman).

5. Orpington, ^ at m.v.l.. May 1 1980 (P. A. Sokoloff). Knockholt,
November 24 1976 (A. G. J. Butcher).

6. Eynsford, June 5 1968 (Chatelain et al., Ent. Rec., 81; 109).
Sole Street, April 27 1975 (A. Holland in KBARC).

6a. Darenth Wood, October 3 1974 (Platts, Ent. Rec., 88; 206).
11. East Mailing, April 15(1), October 14(1) 1977, April 10 1979(1),
dll at m.v.l. (D. A. Chambers).

13. Pembury, October 12 1972 (D. W. Webb in KBARC).

L. soda Hufnagel; Pale Pinion. B. & M. of K., 2: 276.

13. Bedgebury Forest, $ at m.v.l., March 31 1979 (J. Platts).

L. ornitopus Hufnagel ssp. lactipennis Dadd; Grey Shoulder Knot.

B. & M. of K., 2; 278, 375.

I. Joydens Wood, one April 1980 (B. K. West).

II. Hoads Wood, October 10 1976 (Platts, Ent. Rec., 90; 3).

L. leautieri Boisduval ssp. hesperica Boursin; Blair’s Shoulder-knot
Resident. Gardens, etc. Mainly in v.c. 15, but apparently spreading
rapidly.

I. Orpington, one at m.v.l., about October 12 1979 (R. G.
Chatelain).

3. Westbere Village, one September 29 1976, one October 16
1977, October 3(1), 10(1), 12(1), 18(1), 19(1) 1979 (T. W. Harman).

8. Dover, ^ in m.v. trap, October 21 1979 (Youden, Ent. Rec.,
89; 345). Kingsdown, five at m.v.l., September 1979 (A. P. Foster).

II. East Mailing, October 3(1), 11(1), 1979, both at m.v.l. (D. A.
Chambers).

12. Bourne Wood NNR, one, (Dctober 7 1977 (T. W. Harman).
15. Dungeness, one worn specimen at sugar, October 4 1968
(J. V. Banner). Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, one in m.v. trap, c.
1975 (J. E. Owen).

First Notice, 1968; Dungeness (J. V. Banner).

Allophyes oxyacanthae L.; Green-brindled Crescent.

B. & M. of K., 2; 288.

B. K. West found several larvae on apple, at Swanley, May 3 1979
and Darenth Wood, June 7 1979, and bred the moths.

Dichonia aprilina L.; Merveille du Jour. B. & M. of K., 2; 288.

15. Dymchurch, 1979 (J. E. Owen), is new to div. 15.

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entomologist’s record

Polymixis flavicincta D. & S.; Large Ranunculus.

B. & M. of K., 2: 293, 376.

5. High Elms, October 1 1977 (P. Sokoloff).

6a. Darenth Wood, October 5 1977 (J. Platts in KBARC).

13. Tunbridge Wells, September 17 1979 (I. C. Bevis).

15. Dungeness, one at m.v.l., October 1 1970 (R. E. Scott).
Lydd-on-Sea, October 14 1973 (P. A. Sokoloff in KBARC).

Eumichtis lichenea Hbn.; Feathered Ranunculus.

B. & M. of K., 2: 290, 376.

This species seems to have extended its range considerably of late.

2. Sheppey, September 11 1975 (F. H. Clouter). Sheerness, about
12, 1978 (M. Crawford). Minster-in-Sheppey, September 22 1977; also
in 1979 (G. N. Burton).

3. Westbere, September 8 1977 (T. W. Harman). Chesterfield,
five, September 29 1977 (Platts, Ent. Rec., 89: 325). Boughton-under-
Blean, September 11 1978 (I. A. Watkinson in KBARC).

7. Sittingboume, September 26 1975 (I. A. Watkinson in KBARC).
12. Olantigh, September 28 1976 (M. Enfield in KBARC). Canter-
bury Field Centre, 1975; September 21 1977 (T. W. Harman). Ashford,
one 1978 (P. N. Headley).

15. Dungeness, larvae on Kentranthus ruber, 1966 (Wakely, Ent.
Rec., 79: 68); September 18 1971 (R. E. Scott in KBARC); October 6
1973 (S. Whitebread in KBARC). Near Lydd, October 8 1972 (E.
Carpenter in KBARC). Newchurch, September 30 1979 (M. Enfield
in KBARC). Boulderwall, 1967 (Scott, Ent. Rec., 80: 257).

Eupsilia transversa Hufnagel: Satellite. B. & M. of K., 2: 295.

The omitted date of the Eynsford record op. cit. (2nd para 3rd
line down) is March 13 1961.

B. K. West took a larva on lime at Dartford (div. 1), May 20
1979 and bred the moth.

Variation. — At the meetin of the S. London Entomological and
Natural History Society on January 6 1888, J. W. Tutt exhibited on
behalf of Mr. Alderson of Farnborough, satellitia “of a greyish ground,
marbled with black, taken Bromley neighbourhood” (Barker, Young
Nat., 9: 56; Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1888: 36).

Jodia croceago D. & S.: Orange Upperwing.

B. & M. of K., 2: 295.

I have no record of the occurrence of this species in Kent since
it was last seen c. 1959.

Conistra ligula Esper: Dark Chestnut. B. & M. of K., 2: 308.

J. E. Owen took a speciment at Eastbridge House, Dymchurch
(div. 15) in 1975 in March, which is unusually late.

Agrochola litura L.: Brown-spot Pinion. B. &M. of K., 2: 299.

The species is relatively common in West Kent, less so in the east.

2. Higham, September 1971 (S. E. Whitebread in KBARC).

3. Westbere, September 29 (1977) (T. W. Harman). Boughton-
under-Blean, October 7 1978 (1. A. Watkinson in KBARC).

6. Rochester, September 20 1977 (A. G. J. Butcher).

6a. Darenth Wood, larvae plentiful on sorrel flowers, June 6
(1978) (J. Platts).

7. Woodstock, September 7, October 9 1973; Trundle Wood,
October 6 1973; Sittingboume, September 20 1974 (I. A. Watkinson
in KBARC). Stockbury, September 10 1976 (I. Morgan in KBARC).
Boughton Aluph, September 18 1979 (M. Enfield in KBARC).

8. Olantigh, September 8 1979 (M. Enfield).

11. Aylesford, September 15 1970 (E. Philp in KBARC). East
Farleigh, September 18 1976 (E. Morgan in KBARC).

12. Ham Street, one, September 1969 (L. K. Evans). Willesborough,
September 15 1970 (W. L. Rudland in KBARQ. Canterbury, October
6 1977 (T. W. Harman in KBARC).

15. Dungeness, September 22 1971 (S. E. Whitebread in KBARC).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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Parastichtis suspecta. Huebner: Suspected.

B. & M. of K., 2; 292, 376.

Green Street Green, July 27 1976 (P. A. SokolofF), is first con-
firmed record for division 5.

Atethmia centrago Haworth: xerampelina sensu Huebner: Centre-

barred Sallow. B. & M. of K., 2: 301, 276.

1. Bexley, 17 larvae on ash trunks, April 1971 (D. O’Keeffe).

2. Minster-in-Sheppey, one, September 19 1979 (F. H. Clouter),
is new to this div.

4. Sandwich Bay, October 27 1977 (T. W. Harman). Deal,
September 24, October 14 1965 (D. A. Stopher).

8. Kingsdown, two, September 1979 (A. P. Foster).

15. Dymchurch, c. 1976 (J. E. Owen).

Xanthia citrago L.: Orange Sallow.

B. & M. of K., 2: 302, 376.

Recorded as new to div. 2, 3, 4 and 6a.

2. Frindsbury, September 3 1971 (S. Whitebread in KB ARC).
Dartford, $ at sugar, October 5 1977 (J. Platts).

3. Boughton-under-Blean, September 11 1978 (I. A. Watkinson
in KBARQ. Westbere Village, September 4 1975 and annually since
(T. W. Harman in litt. 21. i. 1980).

4. Deal, October 1 1965, September 24 1971 (D. A. Stopher).
6a. Darenth Wood, September 29 1977 (J. Platts in KB ARC).

12. Hothfield Bog, one at m.v.l., September 8 1979 (B. Skinner &

E. H. Wild).

X. aurago D. & S.: Barred Sallow. B. & M. of K., 2: 303.

Darenth Wood (div. 6a), larvae on maple. May 25 1978, May 17
1979, bred (B. K. West).

X. t Ogata Esper: lutea Stroem: Pink-barred Sallow.

B. & M. of K., 2: 304.

Deal (div. 4), October 12 1966 (D. A. Stopher).

X. gilvago D. & S.: Dusky-lemon Sallow.

B. & M. of K., 2: 305, 376.

1. Dartford, one in m.v. trap, October 24 1972 (B. K. West).

2. Dartford — Littlebrook, a few at sugar, September 24 1976
(J. Platts).

4. Deal, September 28 1967, October 3 1970 (D. A. Stopher).

6a. Darenth Wood, October 9 1975 (J. Platts in KB ARC), is
new to this div.

8. Kingsdown, one, October 1979 (A, P. Foster).

15. Boulderwall, one, October 26 1972 (R. E. Scott). Dymchurch,
one c. 1976 (J. E. Owen).

X. ocellaris Borkhausen: Pale-lemon Sallow.

B. & M. of K., 2: 306, 377.

1. Dartford, October 12 1970, in m.v. trap; Dartford Heath,
south side, larvae on black poplar, April 21 1979 (B. K. West). Near
Bexley, larvae in black poplar catkins, April 1970, bred (Chatelain
and O’Keeffe, Em. Rec., 83: 45).

2. Dartford Marshes, in small numbers annually at light where
there are black poplars in the vicinity of Joyce Green Hospital (J.
Platts in litt. 1978).

6. Gravesend, one 1977 (A. E. Holland).

Acronictinae

Moma alpium Osbeck: Scarce Merveille-du-Jour.

B. & M. of K., 2: 258.

12. Orlestone, twenty, June 30 1968 (Chatelain et al., Ent. Rec.,
81: 110); June 9 1970 (^atelain and O’Keeffe, Ent. Rec., 83: 43); a
few, July 6 1970 (ibid, Ent. Rec., 83: 44); one by I. A. Watkinson
(Goater, Ent. Rec., 86: 218).

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entomologist’s record

Acronicta aceris L,: Sycamore. B. & M. of K., 2: 260.

Dymchurch, c. 1976 (J. E. Owen), is only the second record for
div. 15.

A. leporina L.: Miller. B. & M. of K.,2: 258.

High Elms, June 16 1974 (P. Sokoloff), is the first confirmed
record of occurrence in div. 5.

A. alni L.: Alder B.& M. of K., 2: 261, 375.

1. Dartford, one, June 14 1970 (B. K. West). Orpington, one, June
1976 (Chatelain and O’Keeffe, Ent. Rec., 88: 332).

6. Trottiscliffe, a few, June 10 1975; Biding Hill, three, June 15
1975; Hailing, two. May 25 1976 (P. J. Jewess).

6a. Darenth Wood, May 29 1976 (J. Platts in KBARC).

12. Orlestone, one, June3 1978 (Dey, Ent. Rec., 90: 277).

A. tridens D.& S.: Dark Dagger. B. & M. of K., 2: 262.

1. Dartford, 5, June 13 1969, det. D. S. Fletcher (B. K. West).
West Wickham, larva on sloe, September 24 1979 (C.-H.).

5. Green Street Green, July 1980 (P. Sokoloff).

8. Kingsdown, a larva, September 1979 (A. P. Foster).

12. Orlestone, ^ , June 28 1964, ^ , July 6 1967, both det. D. S.
Fletcher (B. K. West). Canterbury Field Centre, two larvae, 1976
(T. W. Harman).

A. psi L.: Grey Dagger. B. & M. of K., 2\ 263.

Bexley Heath, larvae June 12 1970, parasitized by Eumea hortulata
(B. K. West).

Simyra albovenosa Goeze: Reed Dagger.

B. & M. of K., 2: 268.

This species has occurred repeatedly in new areas in East Kent
over the past 15 years.

2. Little Murston Nature Reserve, July 31(1), August 10(2), 23
(about 12) 1974 (I. A. Watkinson); several, August 6 1974 (P. J. Jewess).

4. Between Reculver and Minnis Bay, about six larvae taken on
pathway first week of October 1968 were bred; larvae also noted in
several years since, usually a few at a time and including some on reeds,
last seen 1976 (P. N. Headley). Reculver, a larva on reed (Phragmites
communis), early August 1969 (D. O’Keefe). Worth, worn $ at m.v.l.,
August 8 1969 (T. W. Harman); 9 August 11 1971 (Harman, Ent.
Rec., 84: 275). Westbere, July 15 1976 (T. W. Harman).

Craniophora ligustri D. & S.: Coronet. B. & M. of K., 2: 267.

1. Dartford, one ab. coronula Haworth, July 3 1969 (B. K. West).

2. Stoke Saltings, June 25 1976 (Whitebread, Proc. Br. ent. nat.
Hist Soc., 9: 125), is new to this div.

Cryphia raptricula D. & S.: divisa Esper: Marbled Grey.

Suspected immigrant.

4. Two specimens taken in m.v. traps on August 9 1969, one at
Worth, the other at Sandwich Bay (T. W. Harman in lift.); the Worth
specimen was exhibited (Harman, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 3(1):
18, pit. 2, fig. 12).

C. muralis Forster: Marbled Green. B. & M. of K., 2: 256, 374.

The species used regularly to be found at Dymchurch (div. 15) on
the Martello Towers, but now that these have been ruined by an
unsightly covering of cement, it may no longer occur there. Perhaps it
still persists in div. 16 (Folkestone — Hythe), but has not been noted
from that area since 1955. The Dover record is remarkable as being
the first for there for a great many years.

8. Dover, one at m.v.l., August 6 1979 (G. H. Youden).

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, one at m.v.l., September 1974
(J. E. Owen).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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Amphipyra pyramidea L.: Copper Underwing.

B. & M. of K., 2: 253, 380.

The most reliable distinguishing feature in A. pyramidea is the
presence “near the costa of the hindwing on the underside, of fine
fuscous speckles never found in A. berbera’’’ (Goater, Proc. Br. ent. nat.
Hist. Soc., 1969: 42). The records in B. & M. of K., 2: 253 do not
distinguish A. pyramidea from A. berbera, but those few hereunder are
of pyramidea in the strict sense, and no survey has been undertaken
yet to determine the relative differences in the distribution of each
in Kent.

1. West Wickham, one aestivating in a garage, July 18 1975 (C.-H.).
5. High Elms, August 26 1977 (P. Sokoloff).

6a. Darenth Wood, two larvae on privet. May 15 1977, reared
(J. Platts).

8. Kingsdown, two, October 1979; West Studdal, common at sugar,
September 1979 (A. P. Foster).

15. Appledore, 1971 (de Worms, Ent. Rec., 83: 197).

A. berbera Rungs ssp. svenssoni Fletcher: Svensson’s Copper Underwing.
B. & M. of K., 2: 380.

Obs. — Allen {Ent. Rec., 87: 24) noted at Blackheath on August
20 1972, the curious case of a number of Copper Underwings (either
A. berbera or A. pyramidea, or conceivably both) clustering under
loose bark of a moribund elm.

1. Dartford, August 9, 11 1973 (B. K. West). Joydens Wood,
August 14 1973 (P. Sokoloff).

4. Worth, one at m.v.l., August 13 1969 (T. W. Harman).

5. Chevening, 1912(4), 1914(1), all at Shootfield (Fletcher, Ent.
Gaz., 19: 103). High Elms, July 31 1975 (P. Sokoloff).

6. Pinden (de Worms, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1968: 120).
6a. Swanscombe Park, 1887(1) (Fletcher, loc. cit.).

15. Appledore, 1971 (de Worms, Ent. Rec., 83: 197).

A. tragopoginis Clerck: Mouse. B. & M. of K., 2: 253, 374.

As a further indication for a tendency of this species to hibernate
as an imago (see B. & M. of K., 2: 253), Bradford {Proc. Br. ent. nat.
Hist Soc., 1974 6(4): 104) records having seen the moth at Petham

in numbers in beehives.

Mormo maura L.: Old Lady. B. & M. of K.,2\ 254.

Jacobs {Ent. Rec., 88: 103) records that at Bromley in 1976, he
disturbed the moth indoors on January 18.

Dypterygia scabriuscula L.: Birds- wing. B. & M. of fC., 2: 216, 372.

Recorded as new to 15.

15. Dungeness, July 20 1964 (R. E. Scott in KBARC); one in
1974, on May 20 (Britton, Ent. Rec., 87: 215), is an unusually early
date for this moth.

Rusina ferruginea Esper: tenebrosa Hbn.: Brown Rustic.

B. & M. of K., 2: 254.

2. Conyer, June 26 1973 (I. A. Watkinson in KBARC), is new to
this div.

Ipimorpha retusa L.: Double Kidney. B. & M. of K., 2: 250.

8. Kingsdown, one at m.v.l., August 13 1979 (A. P. Foster).

11. Aylesford, July 10, 13 1976 (P. J. Jewess).

12. Bourne Wood NNR, two, August 22 1978 (T. W. Harman).

/. subtusa D. & S.: Olive B. & M. of K., 2: 251.

1. Orpington, August 11 1966 (D. Webb). Dartford, one, July 18
1969, one, August 20 1973, one, August 22 1978 (B. K. West).

3. Westbere, July 24 1976, September 3 1978 (T. W. Harman).

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I/I/81

4. Worth, one at m.v.L, August 9 1969 (T. W. Harman).

6. Rochester, August 6 1979 (A. G. J. Butcher).

6a. Darenth Wood, July 10 1976 (J. Platts in KBARC).

7. Newington, July 28 1979 (Mrs. V. D. Taylor per P. J. Jewess).
Boughton Aluph, September 8 1979 (M. Enfield in KBARC).

8. Olantigh, August 12 1979 (M. Enfield in KBARC).

12. Long Rope, Orlestone, August 7 1975 (P. Sokoloff). Bourne
Wood NNR, August 1(1), 22(1) 1978 (T. W. Harman).

13. Pembury, August 16 1972 (D. W. Webb in KBARC).

15. Dymchurch, one, August 1974 (J. E. Owen), is first confirmed
record for this div.

Enargia paleacea Esper: Angle-striped Sallow
B. & M. of K., 2: 249, 374,

Haggett (jProc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 5: 105) says the Lewisham
specimen is in RCK, and is “dark suffused, ab. teichi”

Cosmia affinis L.: Lesser-spotted pinion. B. & M. of K., 2: 246.

1. Orpington, August 10 1966 (D. Webb). Dartford, one, July 29
1971, one, August 18 1974 (B. K. West).

2. Sheppey, one, July 6 1976 (F. H. Clouter).

3. Westbere, August 28 1975, August 9 1977 (T. W. Harman).

4. Worth, one at m.v.l., August 10 1969 (T. W. Harman).

5. High Elms, August 5 1977 (P. Sokoloff).

6. Rochester, August 21 1978 (A. G. J. Butcher).

6a. Darenth Wood, July 28 1975 (P. Sokoloff).

C. diffinis L.: White-spotted Pinion. B. & M. of K., 2: 247.

Apparently scarce in Kent.

1. Orpington, July 30 1963 (D. Webb). Bexley, ^ at light, August
18 1971 (D. O’Keeffe). Dartford, one, August 12 1970, one, August 25
1971, one, August 16 1972 (B. K. West).

2. Dartford Marshes, August 10 1973 (J. Platts in KBARC).

Higham, August 22 1974 (S. Whitebread in KBARC).

4. Deal, August 14 1965 (D. A. Stopher).

5. High Elms, larva on common elm, 1966, bred (F. A. Swain).
6a. Northwood Hill, c. 1977 (R. E. Scott).

12. Willesborough, July 11 1970 (W. L. Rudland).

C. trapezina L.: Dun-bar. B. & M. of K., 2: 248

Agassiz (Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 10: 2, pit. 8, fig. 9)

exhibited ab. badiofasciata from Kent.

C. pyralina D. & S.: Lunar-spotted Pinion.

B. & M. of K., 2: 245, 374.

1. Orpington, August 3 1966 (D. Webb). Dartford, August 4
1971, June 29 1976 (B. K. West).

2. Sheppey, one, July 19 1975 (F. H. Clouter). Elmley N. R., July
8 1976 (I. A. Watkinson in KBARC). New to this div.

3. Westbere Village, July 5 1976 (T. W. Harman).

4. Deal, August 18 1965 (D. A. Stopher). Westbere, August 1
1977 (T. W.Harman).

5. Knockholt, July 8 1976 (A. G. J. Butcher).

6a. Chattenden,1976 (Whitebread, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
10: 60).

8. Dover, one, July 6 1970 (G. H. Youden).

11. Chiddingstone, three, July 26 1975 (S. E. Whitebread).

12. Canterbury, June 14 1976 (T. W. Harman).

15. Dymchurch, c. 1976 (J. E. Owen).

A pamea sublustris Esper: Reddish Light Arches.

B. & M. ofK., 2: 218, 373.

6a. Darenth Wood, July 2 1976 (J. Platts in KBARQ.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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A. oblonga Haworth: abjecta Huebner: Crescent Striped.

B. & M. of K., 2: 225.

2. Murston N.R., one, August 13 1980 (C.-H.).

3. Boughton-under-Blean, July 30 1978 (I. A. Watkinson in
KBARC).

A. crenata Hufnagel: Clouded-bordered Brindle.

B. & M. of K., 2: 222, 373.

2. Higham, June 20 1971 (S.E. Whitebread in KBARC), is new
to this div.

A.characterea Huebner: epomidion Haworth: Clouded Brindle.

B. & M. of K., 2: 220.

2. Higham, July 5 1972 (S. E. Whitebread in KBARC). Hartford
Marshes, July 11 1973 (J. Platts in KBARC). New to this div.

4. Deal, occasional, 1966, 1967, 1975 (D. A. Stopher).

5. Hollows Wood, July 7 1974 (P. Sokolotf).

6a. Chattenden, 1976 (Whitebread, Proc. eni. nat. Hist. Soc.,

10: 60).

8. Kingsdown, ^ June 4 1980 (A. P. Foster).

A. lateritla Hufnagel: Scarce Brindle.

Immigrant.

Bexley (div. 1), July 18 1972, one visited D. O’Keeffe’s m.v.l. trap
but eluded capture (O’Keeffe, Ent. Rec., 84: 289). [Another lateritia
taken just over the county boundary in Surrey the previous night
(Skinner, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 5: 144). The only previous

record of occurence of lateritia in Britain is of one taken in Glamorgan
in 1887.]

First Record, 1972: D. O’Keeffe loc. cit.

A. furva D. & S. ssp. britannica Cockayne: Confused,

B. & M. of K., 2: 226, 373.

4. Sandwich, one, July 15 195 If (G. H. Youden); seems to have
been a stray from the cliffs in div. 8 (<j.-H.).

8. Dover (above Shakespeare (31iff), July 14 (2), 19 (4) 1938, July
14 1951 (1), all at sugar (G. H. Youden). Copt Point, Folkestone,
common, July 23 1976 (Whitebread, Ent. Rec., 89: 11; P. J. Jewess).

A. unanimis Huebner: Small Clouded Brindle.

B. & M. of K., 2: 224, 373.

1. Hartford, one, June 16 1979 (B. K. West).

8. Wye, June 5 1980 (M, Enfield).

11. Maidstone, July 3 1976 (C. Samson in KBARC), is new to
this div.

13. Pembury, August 5 1972 (D. W. Webb in KBARC).

A. scolopacina Esper: Slender Brindle.

B. & M. of K.,2: 227, 373.

4. Westbere, July 22 1977 (T. W. Harman in KBARC), is new
to this div.

7. Boughton Aluph, August 12 1979 (M. Enfield). Detling, two
July 26- August 11 1979; one, August 2 1980 (N. F. Heal).

8. Kingsdown, one at m.v.l., August 6 1979 (A. P. Foster).
Olantigh, July 23 1979; Wye, August 12 1977 (M. Enfield).

11. Chiddingstone, two, July 26 1975 (S. E. Whitebread).

12. Canterbury, June 28 1976, July 19 1977 (T. W. Harman),

15. Dymchurch, one,c. 1976, one, July 26 1980 (J. E. Owen), is
new to this div.

A. ophio'gramma Bspqt: Double-lobed.

B. & M. of K., 2: 228, 373.

2. Teynham, July 23 1974 (I. Watkinson in KBARC). Minster-
in-Sheppey, July 26 1974 (F. H. Clouter).

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3. Boughton-under-Blean, July 30 1978 (I. Watkinson in KBARC),
is new to this div.

5. High Elms, July 10 1976 (P. Sokoloff).

8. Wye, July 27 1977; 01antigh,July 24 1979 (M. Enfield).

15. Dymchurch, c. 1976 (J. E. Owen).

Oligia strigilis L.; Marbled Minor. B. & M. of K., 2: 232,

1. Bromley, July 1 1971, gen. det. (P. Sokoloff).

5. High Elms, June 28 1973, gen. det. (P. Sokoloff).

15. Dungeness, July 9 1973, gen. det. (P. Sokoloff).

O. versicolor Borhausen: Rufous Minor. B. & M. of 2: 233.

4. Sandwich Bay Bird Observatory, two, July 8-9 1977, in m.v.
trap, taken by British Museum Natural History Expeditiion, gen. det.
Martin Honey (D. F. Harle).

[6. Note by H. C. Huggins (in Ent. Rec., 77: 186) concerning the
Gravesend specimen (referred to in B. & M. of K., 2: 233) confirming
his belief that it is versicolor, but based on alar characteristics only.
However, at my special request D. S. Fletcher has recently undertaken
a genitalia check of the specimen, which shows it to be referable to
O. latruncula D. & S. (C.-H.).]

8. Kingsdown, $ at m.v.l., July 4 1980, “det. by dissection”
(A. P. Foster).

15. Dungeness. — D. J. L. Agassiz showed me a melanic specimen
in his coll, which he took at Dungeness on July 2 1975, and which he
had confirmed as versicolor genitalically (C.-H.).

O. latruncula D. & S.: Tawny Minor B. & M. of K., 2: 232.

2. Stoke Saltings, August 27 1977, gen. det. (P. Sokoloff).

5. High Elms, May 24 1976, gen. det. (P. Sokoloff).

Photedes minima Haworth: Small Dotted Buff.

B. & M. of K., 2: 238.

4. Deal, July 13 1968 (D. A. Stopher). Westbere, July 15 1978
(P. Sokoloff).

7. Detling, six July 6-August 7 1979, three, July 2-27 1980 (N.
F. Heal).

P. extrema Huebner: concolor Guenee: Concolorous.

B. &M. of K.,2: 201.

Immigrant?

15. Dungeness, one, July 2 1976 (Harman, Ent. Rec., 89: 252). The
specimen being very noticeably more strongly marked than usual, I
submitted it to D. S. Fletcher who agreed with the determination (C.-H.).

P. fluxa Huebner: Mere Wainscot. B. & M. of K., 2: 201, 371.

4. Sandwich Bay, one worn, one fresh, August 11 1969 (T. W.
Harman).

Amphipoea fucosa Freyer ssp. paludis Tutt: Saltern Ear,

B. &M. of K.,2: 241.

1. Dartford, one , August 24 1973 (B. K. West).

2. Woodstock Farm, Sittingbourne, 1973 (Watkinson, Ent. Rec.,
85: 245).

Hydraecia petasitis Doubleday: Butterbur.

B. & M. of K., 2: 243.

1. Dartford, ^ in m.v. trap in garden, September 7 1970f (B. K.
West).

H. osseola Staudinger ssp. hucherardi Mabille: Giant Ear.

B. & M. of K., 2: 244.

2. Near Rochester. — ^ at m.v.l., September 2 1975 (Saunders,
Ent. Rec., 87: 303); Burham Marsh, on the banks of the Medway,
2 S $, I $, August 30 1976 (Jewess, Ent. Rec., 88: 318); about 20,

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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September 9 1979 (P. J. Jewess); between 100 and 200 seen, September
7 1979 (C. Hart per P. J. Jewess).

15. Boulderwall, one, October 13 1967 (Scott, Ent. Rec., 80: 257).
Near Appledore, 1973 (de Worms, Ent. Rec., 86: 138). Dymchurch,
two, 1978 (J. E. Owen).

Celaena leucostigma Huebner: Crescent.

B. & M. of K., 2: 240, 374.

1. Dartford, one, September, 1970, one, July 26 1971 (B. K. West).

2. Murston N.R., one variegated form, August 13 1980 (C.-H.).

3. Westbere Village, August 25 1975 (T. W. Harman).

4. Worth, one, August 18 1969 (T. W. Harman).

8. Kingsdown, one at m.v.]., August 30 1979 (A. P. Foster). Wve,
August 11 1977 (M. Enfield).

12. Canterbury, July 7 1976, September 5 1977 (T. W. Harman).

15. Dymchurch, c. 1976 (J. E. Owen).

Archanara geminipuncta Haworth: Twin-spotted Wainscot.

B. & M. of K.,2: 206, 372.

2. Cliffe, larvae from which was bred, September 2 1972, the
hymenopterous parasite Chasmias paludator Desvignes (B. K. West).

3. Westbere Village, August 2 1976 (T. W. Harman).

7. Culand Pit, August 11 1979 (P. J. Jewess in KBARC).

A. dissoluta Treitschke: Brown-veined Wainscot.

B. & M. of K., 2: 207, 372.

1. Ruxley Pits, August 5 1978 (P. Sokoloff).

2. Burham Marsh, August 10 1976 (P. J. Jewess). Stoke, July 3
1977 (P. Sokoloff). Sheppey, S and 2, August 9 1977 (F. H. Clouter).

3. Westbere Village, August 12 1977 (T. W. Harman).

4. Deal, August 16 1965, August 9 1967 (D. A. Stopher).

12. Canterbury, July 15 1976, August 8 1977; Bourne Wood NNR.,
one, August 22 1978 (T. W. Harman).

A. sparganii Esper: Webb’s Wainscot.

B. &M.ofK.,2:

For some years the species has been extending its range in Kent
from the east, and in 1979 it appeared in div. 1 for the first time
on record.

1. Dartford, one in m.v.l. trap, September 8 1979 (B. K. West).

2. Dartford Marshes, pupae, 1972; an imago, September 16 1977
(B. K. West).

12. Canterbury Field Centre, common, 1975 (T. W. Harman).

Rhizedra lutosa Huebner: Large Wainscot.

B. & M. of K., 2: 199, 371.

Variation. — West (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1967: 73,
pit. 2, fig. 9) exhibited ab. postradiata Cockayne, taken Dartford
Marshes (div. 2), October 7 1966.

Arenostola phragmitidis Huebner: Fen Wainscot.

B. & M. of K., 2: 202, 371.

2. Dartford Marshes, July 6 1973 (J. E. Platts in KBARC).

6a. Chattenden, 1976 (Whitebread, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
10: 60), is new to 6a.

8. Dover, July 27 1963 (G. H. Youden in KBARC), is apparently
new to 8.

16. Near Lympne, August 19 1969 (E. Philp in KBARC).

Coenobia rufa Haworth: Small Rufous.

B. & M. of K., 2: 209, 372.

3. Westbere Village, July 12 1976 (T. W. Harman).

7. Newington, August 12 1977 (Miss V. D. Taylor per P. J.
Jewess).

11. Hoads Wood, August 4 1961 (B. Skinner in KBARC). Chid-

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dingstone, July 26 1975 (S. Whitebread).

12. Willesborough, August 7 1970 (W. L. Rudiand in KB ARC).

Hoplodrina ambigua D. & S.: Vine’s Rustic.

B. & M. of K., 2: 212, 372.

Has been observed annually in Kent since 1968 to 1980 inclusive.

Spodoptera exigua Huebner: Small Mottled Willow.

B. & M. of K., 2: 214, 372.

This species has become much less frequent in Kent of late, and
I have no record of its occurrence in the country since about 1975.

1962: West Ashford (div. 12), August 27 (3), October 3 (1), 6 (1)
(M. Enfield). 1966: Willesborough (div. 12), May 26 (W. L. Rudiand
in KBARC). 1968: Dover, June 5 (^) (G. H. Youden). Lydd, July 1 (1)
(R. E. Scott); July 2 (1) (D. W. H. Ffennell); July 14 (1) (J. Messenger
per French and Hurst, Ent. Gaz., 20: 42). 1969: Worth (div. 4),
August 6 (1), 8 (1), 14 (1) (T. W. Harman). Dartford (div. 1), September
21 (1) (B. K. West). East Mailing (div. 11), November 25 (M. A.
Easterbrook in KBARC). 1970: Dungeness, September 24 (1) (R. E.
Scott). 1971: Dungeness, August 1 (1) (R. E. Scott). 1972: Boulder-
wall (div. 15), June 14 (3), 18 (1), 21 (3), 25 (1), 26 (1), 27 (1), 28 (1),
September 3 (1), 6 (1), 7 (1), 14 (4), 17 (2); all in m.v.l. trap (R. E.
Scott). East Mailing (div. 11), June 25 (1), July 1 (1), caught by E.
Cook (Rothamsted). c. 1975: Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, one (J.
E. Owen).

Chilodes maritimus Tauscher: Silky Wainscot.

B. & M. of K., 2: 209, 372.

2. Stoke, common, July 27 1977 (P. Sokoloff). Nagden, June 24
1979 (J. Platts in KBARC).

3. Westbere Village, June 14 1976 (T. W. Harman).

4. Westbere Marshes, July 14 1976; Canterbury Field Centre, Julv
17 1976 (T. W. Harman).

7. Newington, ab. wismariensis, June 18 1974; June 15 1975,
August 14 1976 (Mrs V. D. Taylor per P. J. Jewess).

8. Folkestone Warren, June 23 1976 (Whitebread, Ent. Rec., 89:

11).

15. Dungeness, August 1 (1), 20 (1) 1971 (R. E. Scott); July 2 1976
(T. W. Harman). Dymchurch, c. 1976 (J. E. Owen).

Variation. — Ab. bipuncta Haw., Dymchurch, August 2 1980
(J. E. Owen).

Elaphria venustula Huebner; Rosy Marbled.

B. & M. of K., 2: 240.

It is clear that this species has now established itself in Kent, at
least in div. 1, since its first appearance in the county in 1937.

1. Dartford, June 30 (2), July 3 (1), 5 (2) 1970 (West, Ent. Rec.,
82: 332); “over two dozen have appeared in my garden in the trap
on 7th and 8th June, and from 22nd June to 10th of July, with a
maximum of five on 26th June, 1971 (West, Ent. Rec., 83: 325);

common in my m.v. trap every year since, until 1977 when there was
none; none in 1978, three in June 1979 (B. K. West).

6a. Darenth Wood, one at m.v.l., June 19 1976 (J. Platts); one at
m.v.l., June 17 1978 (M. Brown).

12. Orlestone Forest, one at m.v.l., July 13 1977 (T. W. Harman).

13. Pembury, June 24 1973; Bayham Abbev, August 8 1974 (D. W.
Webb in KBARC).

Panemeria tenebrata Scopoli: Small Yellow Underwins.

B. & M. of K., 2: 252.

1. Spring Park, West Wickham, May 31 1976, I watched one lay
a single egg in the flower of Stellarla media at the edge of a rough
field bordering the wood (C.-H.).

5. High Elms, “sometimes common in ‘roushs’ of golf course”
(P. Sokoloff in litt. 18.ii.l979).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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6. Swanscombe, one in the chalk pit, May 29 1969 (A. A. Allen).
Rochester (TQ 71/63), June 4 1979 (A. G. J. Butcher).

6a. Swanscombe Wood, several, June 6 1973 (B. K. West).

Heliothidinae

Pyrrhia umbra Hufnagel; Bordered Sallow.

B. & M. of K., 2: 150, 367.

1. Blackheath, July 4 1969 (Allen, Ent. Rec., 82: 62). Dartford,
one, July 11 1976 (B. K. West).

7. Detling, one, July 10 1979 (N. F. Neal).

4. Worth, July 23 1967; Sandwich Bay, July 24 1967 (T. W.
Harman).

15. Greatstone, 1963 (Chalmers-Hunt & Wakely, Ent. Rec., 76:

94).

Helicoverpa armigera Huebner: Scarce Bordered Straw.

B. &M.of K.,1: 155,368.

1965: Sutton Vallence (div. 11), one, June 21 (French, Entomologist,
101: 160). 1966: Dover, $ in m.v. trap, October 13 (Youden, Ent.
Rec., 79: 60). 1978: Aylesford (div. 11), $ October 14; Boughton-
under-Blean (div. 3), October 13, 21; Rainham, October 14 (Brether-
ton & Chalmers-Hunt, Ent. Rec., 91: 91). 1979: Dymchurch, one at
m.v.l., July 20t (J. E. Owen).

Heliothis peltigera D. & S.: Bordered Straw.

B. & M. of K., 2: 153, 368.

1965: Dungeness, August 13 (French, Entomologist, 101: 160).

1966: Dungeness, June 14, one by R. E. Scott (French, Entomologist,
104: 210). 1967: Lydd, plenty of larvae on Senecio \?iscosus, September
2 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 80: 126). 1968: Orpington (div. 1), one, July 12
(Chatelain, Ent. Rec., 81: 111). Dungeness, one, July 9 (D. O’Keeffe
per French & Hurst, Ent. Gaz., 20: 43); Dungeness, 14 larvae in 1 sq.
yard, August 17 (Harman, Ent. Rec., 81: 82). Willesborough, October
13 (W. L. Rudland in KB ARC). 1971: Dungeness, larvae, September 19
(Goater, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 5: 29). 1978: Dymchurch, one,
July (J. E. Owen). 1980: Dungeness, larvae (B. Skinner); one moth,
September (R, Hayward). Boughton Aluph (div. 7), $ September 11/12
(M. Enfield).

Acontiinae

Eublemma ostrina Huebner: Purple Marbled.

B. & M. of K., 2: 314.

I possess D. G. Marsh’s specimen of ab. carthami.

Lithacodia pygarga Hufnagel: fasciana sensu auct.: Marbled White-spot.
B. & M. of K., 1: 315, 377.

1. Dartford, one in m.v. trap, June 22 1969 (B. K. West). Hayes,
June 27 1972 (A. G. J. Butcher). Bromley, June 26 1975 (P. Sokoloff).

5. High Elms, June 16 1974; Hollows Wood, July 19 1974 (P.
Sokoloff).

12. Hothfield Common, 1968 (de Worms, Entomologist, 102: 135).

L. deceptoria Scopoli: Pretty Marbled. B. & M. of K., 2: 316.

The species appeared between 1948 and 1956, but has not occurred
to my knowledge since. The Westwell deceptoria is in my coll. (C.-H.).

Deltote bankiana F.: Silver Barred. B. & M. of K., 2: 316.

8. Kingsdown, $ in my m.v. trap, on night of June 12/13 1980
(Foster, Ent. Rec., 92: 193).

15. Dungeness, one taken in 1970 (Coxey,P/*oc. Br. ent. nat. Hist.
Soc., 4: 11). Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, one fresh, taken at m.v.l.
trap, July 23 1977 (J. E. Owen).

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Chloephorinae

Earias clorana L.: Cream-bordered Green Pea.

B. &M.of K.,2: 311.

6a. Northwood Hill, one, July 15 1976 (R. E. Scott), is new to
this div.

Bena prasinana L.: bicolorana Fuesslv: Scarce Silver-lines.

B.& M. of K., 2: 311, 377.

2. Sheppey, June 24 1977 (F. H. Clouter), is new to this div.

5. High Elms, August 12 1973 (P. Sokoloff).

15. Dymchurch, one, c. 1976 (J. E. Owen).

Pseudoips fagana F. ssp. britannica Warren: Green Silver- lines.

B. & M. of K., 2: 309.

4. Deal, ocasional (D. A. Stopher), is new to this div.

Sarrothripinae

Nycteola rev ay ana Scopoli: Large Marbled Tort.

B. & M. of K., 2: 311.

8. Olantigh, August 19 1979 (M. Enfield).

12. Hothfield Common (de Worms, Entomologist , 102: 135). Faggs
Wood, Orlestone, one beaten out, April 22 1978 (C.-H.).

13. Pembury, March 24 1980 (A. G. J. Butcher).

Plusiinae

Ctenoplusia accentifera Lefebvre: Dillon’s Gem.

Suspected immigrant.

1969: Halsted (div. 5), September 10, one in moth trap (Dillon,

Ent. Rec., 82: 149).

First Record, 1970: Dillon, loc. cit.

Trichoplusia ni Huebner: Ni. B. & M. of K., 2: 333.

1968: Lydd (div. 15), July 1, one taken by D. J. L. Agassiz
(French & Hurst, Ent. Gaz., 20: 44) (Romney Marsh (Messenger, Proc.
Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1969: 30). probablv refers). 1969: Willesborough,
August 7 (W. L. Rudland in KBARC).

Diachrysia orichalcea F.: Slender Burnished Brass.

B. & M. of K., 2: 328.

In 1971, the second definitely Kentish specimen only of this very
rare immigrant.

1971: Gillingham, June 2, one taken by P. Legon on the wall of
his house close to a light; determination checked by E. Philp (P. Legon).

D. chrysitis L.: Burnished Brass. B. & M. of K., 2\ 327.

From a Dartford (div. 1) larva, collected June 8 1967, B. K. West
bred the dipterous parasite Nemorilla floralis Fall. (det. K. G. V. Smith).

Plusia putnami Grote ssp. gracilis Lempke: Lempke’s Gold Spot.
Suspected resident.

8. Dover. — C. G. M. de Worms “found an Autographa gracilis
taken by me in trap in garden here on 4th July 1959” (G. H. Youden
in litt. 22.ii.1973).

First Notice, 1959: G. H. Youden.

Autographa gamma L.: Silver Y. B. & M. of K., 2: 333.

St. John (Ent. Gaz., 23: 166) records several at Forest Hill (div. 1)
in December 1971, the latest on December 13, also one on January 14
1972.

Variation. — Myers (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1963: 36)
exhibited one from Dungeness, September 23 1963, having the “tail of
‘Y’ missing on right forewing”.

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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A. pulchrina Haworth: Beautiful Golden Y.

B. & M. of K., 2: 332.

2. Sheppey, one, June 8 1976 (F. H. Clouter).

4. Deal, occasional (D. A. Stopher).

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, c. 1976 (J. E. Owen), is new to
this div.

A. jota L.: Plain Golden Y. B. & M. of K., 2: 330.

1. Charlton, June 24 1976 (A. A. Allen).

2. Sheppey, one, July 1 1975 (F. H. Clouter), is new to this div.
4. Ham Fen, July 20 1967 (T. W. Harman). Deal, occasional (D.

A. Stopher).

11. Chiddingstone, one, July 26 1975 (S. E. Whitebread).

15. Boulderwall, one, July 20 1972 (R. E. Scott). Eastbridge House,
Dymchurch, c. 1976 (J. E. Owen).

Syngrapha interrogationis L.: Scarce Silver Y.

B. & M. of K., 2: 334.

In 1972, there occurred the fourth example only in Kent of this
rare imigrant.

1972: Gravesend (div. 6), one at light, August 4, taken by R.
Kiddiet (R. Kiddie).

Abrostola trigeminaV^^QinthuTg’. Dark Spectacle.

B. & M. of K., 2: 335, 378.

4. Sandwich Bay, one, August 17 1969 (T. W. Harman).

16. Folkestone, two, 1951, taken by A. Riddell (Morley, Trans.
Folkestone nat. Hist. Soc., 1950-52: 12).

Catocalinae

Catocala fraxini L.: Clifden Nonpareil.

B. & M. of K., 2: 317, 377.

No record of occurrence in Kent since 1964.

Variation. — Wightman {Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 3: 18, pit.
1, fig. 5) exhibited a female ab. with pale margin on forewing, taken
by W. J. Popham, Ham Street, 1954.

C. nupta L.: Red Underwing. B. & M. of K., 2: 318.

Variation. — SokolofF {Proc. Brit. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 5: 22, pit.
[1], fig. 5) exhibited a female ab. taken at m.v.l. at Orpington (div. 5),
August 21 1971, apparently referable to caerulescens Cockerell.

C. promissa D. & S.: Light Crimson Underwing.

B. & M. of K., 2: 320.

12. Ham Street (Orlestone). — D. G. Marsh’s two moths were
taken on July 18 1948 (C.-H.); Faggs Wood, one taken July 20 1968
(P. Cordell).

C. sponsa L.: Dark Crimson Underwing.

B. & M. of K., 2: 319, 377.

12. Orlestone Forest. — One taken in Long Rope at sugar by R.
Lovell Pank, September 12 1951 (R. A. Jackson, Diary); one, Faggs
Wood, August 10 1969 (P. Cordell).

Minucia lunaris D. & S.: Lunar Double-stripe.

B. & M. of K., 2: 320, 377.

No record of occurence in Kent since 1958.

Dys^gonia algira L.

Suspected immigrant.

8. Dover. — R. L. Harvey exhibited an example “taken during
August 1967 in a layby a mile or so outside Dover, Kent. The moth
was first noticed when it flew into the beam of a car’s headlights
at approximately 10.5 p.m. The species has not previously been recorded

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I/II/81

in this country, but was probably introduced by some human agent.
The determination was made by Dr. C. G. M. de Worms” (Harvey,
Proc. Br. ent. not. Hist. Soc., 1969: 131). [ Another British algira was
taken at Bradwell-on-Sea, Essex, by A. J. Dewick, September 15 1969
(Firmin et al.. Guide to the Butterflies and Larger Moths of £’^^ex,89).]
First (Published) Record, 1969: Harvey, loc. cit.

Euclidia glyphica L.: Burnet Companion.

B. & M. of K., 2: 323.

2. Minster-in-Sheppey, July 7 1978 (G. N. Burton in KB ARC), is
new to this div.

Ophiderinae

Tyta luctuosa D. & S.: Four Spot. B. & M. of K., 2: 338.

This species appears to have become very much rarer and the
undermentioned are the only additional records for the county.

1. Catford, one, June 29 1951 (P. Cordell). Lee, 1967 (C. G.
Bruce teste de Worms, Proc. Brit. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 2: 120).

Lygephila pastinum Treitschke: Black-neck.

B. & M. of K., 2: 340, 378.

1. Dartford, one, July 17 1969, one, July 5 1971, one, July 26 1979,
all in m.v. trap (B. K. West).

4. Deal, July 16 1967 (D. A. Stopher). Worth, July 20 1967 (T. W.
Harman).

5. High Elms, one, July 6 1973 (P. SokolofF).

6a. Chattenden, 1976 (Whitebread, Proc. Brit. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.,
10: 60).

8. Olantigh, July 20 1977 (M. Enfield).

10. Brasted Station, July 10, 1965, among flowers on railway line
(L. K. Evans).

11. Chiddingstone, one, July 26 1975 (S. E. Whitebread), is new
to this div.

15. Dungeness, July 14 (1), 15 (1), 21 (1) 1971; Boulderwall, one,
July 22 1972 (R. E. Scott). Dymchurch, c. 1976 (J. E. Owen).

Phytometra viridaria Clerck: Small Purple^barred.

B. & M. of K., 2: 343.

Variation. — UfFen (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1967: 88)
recorded ab. fusca Tutt, Otford (div. 6), April 29 1967.

Colobochyla salicalis D. & S.: Lesser Belle.

B. &M. ofK.,2: 341,378.

Persists it seems in probably its only remaining locality in Britain,
despite terrible destruction of the habitat.

12. Orlestone Forest. — July 10 1976 (Chatelain & O’Keeffe, Ent.
Rec., 88: 332); June 25 1977 (D. Dey in KB ARC).

Rivula sericealis Scopuli: Straw Dot. B. & M. of K., 2: 342.

15. Dymchurch, c. 1976 (J. E. Owen), is only the second record
of occurrence for this div.

Parascotia fuliginaria L.; Waved Black.

B. & M. of K., 2: 343.

The species is clearly established in the Dartford district of West
Kent, where it has appeared not infrequently since 1969.

1. Joydens Wood, Dartford, one, July 14 1969 (West, Ent. Rec.,
82; 151); July 10 (1), 22 (1), 25 (1), 26 (1) 1971, July 3 (1), 14 (1) 1973,
August 15 (1) 1974, August 11 (1) 1977, July 17 (1) 1979; all in m.v.l.
trap (B. K. West).

4. Deal, one rather worn, August 17 1966, det. C. G. M de Worms
(D. A. Stopher).

8. Olantigh, Wye, one in m.v. trap, July 30 1979 (M. Enfield).

11. Near Hadlow, July 14 1971 (Mrs. Neal Bentley in KBARC).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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[12. Willesborough, female, October 13 1970 (W. L. Rudland in
KBARC); the date is most unlikely for this species, and the specimen
should be checked (C.-H.).]

Hypeninae

Hypena crassalis F.: Beautiful Snout. B. & M. of K., 2: 345.

The recent appearance of this moth for the first time on record in
divisions 6, 7, 12, 13, and 15, and away from its normal bilberry habitat,
is most curious.

6. Trottiscliffe, one at m.v.l., July 11 1972 (Cook, Ent. Rec., 85:
154); one in m.v. trap, July 14 1979 (D. Dey).

7. Sittingbourne, a rather worn female in m.v. trap, July 28
1974 (Watkinson, Ent. Rec., 87: 25).

10. Ceal Chart, two females, July 2 1957 (G. A. Davis).

11. Platt, a few in m.v. trap, June 22 1974 (S. E. Whitebread
teste Watkinson loc. cit.).

12. Orlestone Forest. — one in Faggs Wood, July 7 1970 (P. Cordell);
one, 1978, one, July 13 1979, both in Long Rope (R. G. Chatelain);
one in Long Rope at m.v.l., July 8 1979 (B. K. West).

13. Bedgebury Forest, June 27 1976 (D. Dey in KBARC).

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, one female in m.v.l. trap, July
27 1979 (J. E. Owen).

H. rost rails L.: Buttoned Snout. B. & M. of K., 2: 347.

6. Swanley, about 24 larvae on hop, July 4 1979 (R. G. Chatelain).

Schrankia taenialis Huebner: White-lined Snout.

B. & M. of K., 2: 347.

3. Westbere Village, July 9, 14 1979 (T. W. Harman).

12. Orlestone Forest. — one at m.v.l. in Long Rope, August 1
1969 (B. Skinner); at m.v.l., July 19 1978 (T. W. Harman). Bourne
Wood Nature Reserve, one, August 1 1978 (T. W. Harman).

5. costaestrigalis Stephens: Pinion-streaked Snout.

B. & M. of K., 2: 348.

3. Westbere Village, September 3 1975 (T. W. Harman).

8. Dover, one July 3 1970 (G. H. Youden).

12. Orlestone Forest, one, July 27 1967; Canterbury Field Centre,
September 29 1975, August 19 1976 (T. W. Harman).

Hypenodes turfosalis Wocke: Marsh Oblique-barred.

Probable native.

12. Hothfield Bog, fresh 9, July 12 1977 (Chalmers-Hunt, Ent. Rec.,
89: 256).

First Record, 1977: Chalmers-Hunt, loc. cit.

Polypogon strigilata L.: barbalis Clerck: Common Fanfoot.

B. & M. of K., 2: 350.

This species has shown a very marked decline of late. I have no
more recent record for Kent than that of its occurrence in 1973.

12. Orlestone Forest, one, July 14 1964, one, July 26 1966 (B. K.
West); June 11 1969 (1), June 8 1973 (1) (B. Skinner).

P. tarsipennalis Treitschke: Fanfoot. B. & M. of K., 2: 348.

New to 4 and 15.

4. Deal, fairly common (D. A. Stopher).

15. Dungeness, one in m.v.l., July 14 1971 (R. E. Scott). Lydd,
c. 1978 (D. Chittenden).

P. nemoralis F.: grisealis D. & S.: Small Fanfoot.

B. & M. of K., 2: 349.

4. Sandwich Bay Observatory. July 8 1977, in m.v. trap, by British
Museum Nat. Hist. Expedition (D. F. Harle), is new to div. 4.

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entomologist’s record

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Macrochilo cribrumalis Huebner: Dotted Fanfoot.

B. & M. of K., 2: 349.

2. Highan, one, June 29 1971 (B. K. West); July 19 1972 (A. G. J.
Butcher); June 21 1973 (P. Sokoloff); June 21 1975 (Whitbread, Proc.
Brit ent. not. Hist. Soc., 9:59). Stoke, July 11 1972 (S. Whitebread in
KBARC); 1976 (Whitebread, Proc. Brit. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 9: 125).

4. Westbere Marshes, July 26 1976 (T. W. Harman); July 9 1977
(Harman, Proc. Brit. ent. nat. Hist. Sos., 11: 128); July 15 1978 (P.
Sokoloff).

Paracolax derivalis Huebner: Clay Fanfoot. B. & M. of K., 2: 349.

1. Dartford, one, July 4 1969; Farningham Wood, one, June 27,
one, July 27 1971 (B. K. West).

3. Westbere Village, one, July 7 1976 (T. W. Harman).

12. Orlestone Forest, 1963, 1964 (B. K. West); 1967 (Harman, Ent.
Rec., 80: 189).

Trisatelets emortualis D. & S.: Olive Crescent.

Immigrant?

[3. Blean Wood. — “Emortualis 1, Blean Wood” (Stevens,
Catalogue P. B. Mason coll, sale, 2nd portion, 16.V.1905, lot 174);
lacks confirmation]

15. Dungeness, one at light, June 28 1970 (Renshaw, Ent. Rec.,
82: 271).

First (Confirmed) Record, 1970: Renshaw, loc. cit.
POSTSCRIPT

[Lacanobia biren Goeze: glauca Huebner: Glaucous Shears.

Doubtfully Kentish. The species has a markedly northern and
western distribution in Britain, and its occurrence in Kent is highly
improbable.

15. “Dungeness, July 1949, P. Butler (specimen in Butler/ Newbold
collection).” (B.R.C.). This is the basis for the map record in Heath
et al.. The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland, 9:
map 159. I have failed to trace this specimen, and suspect the record
resulted from misidentification (C.-H.).]

GEOMETRIDAE

Geometrinae

Aplasta ononaria Fuessly: Rest Harrow. B. & M. of K., 3: 2, 198.

8. Folkestone Warren, three, 1977 (P. N. Headley); larvae
numerous, 1980 (R. & C. Lane).

Variation. — The following abs. are in RCK: monotonia Stauder,
Sandwich, 1948 (1); berytaria Stgr., Sandwich, Folkestone; trifasciata
Stauder, Sandwich (3); rubraria Prout, Folkestone, Sandwich (numerous);
sudatoria Hb., Sandwich, Folkestone; gen. aest. faecaturia Hb., Sand-
wich, 1947 (5).

Geometra papilionaria L.: Large Emerald. B. & M. of K., 3: 5, 198.

5. Green Street Green, July 21 1971, and odd ones since (P. A.
Sokoloff), is new to 5.

15. Dymchurch, c. 1975 (J. E. Owen), is only the second record
for 15.

Pseudoterpna pruinata Hufnagel ssp. atropunctaria Walker. Grass
Emerald. B. & M. of K., 3: 4, 198.

2. Minster-in-Sheppey, one 1979 (G. N. Burton), is new to 2.

Thetidia smaragdaria F. ssp. maritima Prout: Essex Emerald.

B. <Sc M. of K., 3: 7.

2. North Kent, 1977 (B. Skinner).

Thalera fimbrialis Scopoli: Sussex Emerald. B. & M. of K., 3: 8, 198.

15. Dungeness, one, July 13 1973 (P. Cordell); 1974 (J. Fenn); one,
July 22 1980 (B. Goater).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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Jodis lactearia L.: Little Emerald. B. & M. of K., 3; 9,198.

5. Badgers Mount, June 22 1979 (P. A. Sokololf), is new to 5.

Sterrhinae

Cyclophora puppillaria Huebner: Blair’s Mocha.

B. & M. of K., 3: 12, 198.

1977: Canterbury (div. 12), one, October 26 (Harman, Ent. Rec.,
90: 3), is the only record of occurrence since 1976.

Correction: on page 198, line 5 up, for “July” read June.

Scopula nigropunctata Hufnagel: Sub-angled Wave.

B. & M. of K., 3: 16, 199.

Persists at Orlestone, but apparently nowhere else in the British
Isles. Perhaps casual in 15.

12. Orlestone Forest. — 1978: July 19, at m.v.l. (T. W. Harman);
July 20 (2 5 5, 1$) (B. Skinner). 1979: Julv 25 (fresh $), 28 (worn
$) (R. G. Chatelain). 1980: July 25 (2 S $), August 3 (2 ^ ^) (B.
Skinner).

15. Dungeness, one, July 22 1980 (B. Goater).

5. rubiginata Hufnagel: Tawny Wave. B. & M. of K., 3: 18, 199.

Sandwich Bay (div. 4), one taken by T. W. Harman, August 15
1980 (T. W. Harman), is apparently the eleventh Kent specimen of this
suspected immigrant, though the previous example (in 1969) also
occurred at Sandwich Bay (C.-H.).

Idaea ochrata Scopoli ssp. cantiata Prout: Bright Wave.

B. & M. of K., 3: 22.

4. Sandwich, a few, June 21 1976 (B. Skinner).

8. Kingsdown Beach, one, July 14 1979 (A. P. Foster).

/. vulpinaria H.-S. ssp. atrosignaria Lempke: Least Carpet.

B. & M. of K., 3: 24, 199.

This species has extended its range very markedly over the past
few years. ,

1. Charlton, “flying in clouds at first light”, June 26 1976; a pair
flying in cop. in garden very early morning, June 24 1976 (A. A. Allen).

2. Sheerness, two 1978 (M. Crawford).

3. Westbere Village, June 28 1976, July 9 1979 (T. W. Harman).

6. Rochester, July 17 1977 (A. G. J. Butcher).

7. Newington, a few 1974-79 (Mrs. V. D. Taylor per P. J. Jewess).
Culand Pit, Burham, very common, August 11 1979 (P. J. Jewess).

8. Wye, one, at m.v, August 12 1977; Olantigh, one, August 29
1979 (M. Enfield).

11. Aylesford, common, 1973-79 (P. J. Jewess).

12. Canterbury, one June 15 1976 (T. W. Harman).

Rhodometra sacraria L.: Vestal. B. & M. of K., 3: 32, 200.

1973: Dungeness (div. 15), September 8/9, S caught by R. New
(Rothamsted); September 8 (1) (P. A. Cordell). 1974: Dymchurch
(div. 15), October, one by J. Owen (Rothamsted). 1976: Canterbury
(div. 12), October 16 (1) (T. W. Harman). 1977: Olantigh (div. 8),
October 18 (M. Enfield). 1978: Boughton-under-Blean (div. 3), October
14 (1) (I. A. Watkinson per Bretherton & Chalmers-Hunt, Ent. Rec.,
91:90). East Mailing (div. 11), October 11, 18 (Bretherton & Chalmers-
Hunt, loc. cit.). 1979: Dymchurch, September 2 (J. E. Owen); Canter-
bury (div. 12), October 16 (1) (T. W. Harman). 1980: East Blean Wood
(div. 3), one July 2 (Bradford, Ent. Rec., 92:200); Tonbridge (div. 11),
5 , August 1 (A .E. Tapp); Dungeness, one by the Warden on August
9, one a few days previously by D. Brown (B. Skinner); Detling Hill
(div. 7), ^ August 10 (N. F. Heal); Dymchurch, August 14 (J. E.
Owen).

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Orthonama vittata Borkhausen: Oblique Carpet.

B. & M. of K., 3: 34, 200.

3. Westbere Village, August 3 1976 (T. W. Harman), is new to 3.
15. Lydd, c. 1978 (D. Chittenden).

O. obstipata F.: Gem. B. & M. of K., 3: 35, 200.

1971: Dungeness, October 23 (1), 24 (1), caught by R. Scott

(Rothamsted). 1978: Aylesford (div. 11), June 17 (P. J. Jewess); Dun-
geness, October 12 (2) (B. Skinner); Ham Street (div. 12), November 11
(Bretherton & Chalmers-Hunt, Ent. Rec., 91: 90). 1979: Monkton

Chalkpit (div. 9), September 23 ( $ ) (T. W. Harman).

Scot opt eryx luridata Hufnagel ssp. plumbaria F.: Lead Belle.

B. &M. of 3:43, 201.

15. Lydd, c. 1978 (D. Chittenden).

Variation. — The ab. luridata Borkhausen referred to by Cockayne
(in Ent. Rec., 53: 26) may be the example recorded by Cox (in Ento-
mologist, 4(62), ii).

Catarhoe cuculata Hufnagel: Royal Mantle.

B. & M. of K., 3:45, 201.

6. Rochester (TQ74/65), at m.v.l., July 8 1977 (A. G. J. Butcher).
Trottiscliffe, three in m.v. trap, July 14 1979 (D. Dey).

8. Dover, $ in m.v. trap, July 21 1963; $ in m.v. trap, July 30
1976 (G. H. Youden), the first records for vice county 15 this century
(C.-H.).

Cosmorhoe ocellata L.: Purple Bar. B. & M. of K., 3: 53.

Variation. — Chambers (Proc. Brit, ent nat. Hist. Soc., 12: 2)
exhibited an ab. from East Mailing, having “the central band of the
left forewing broken”.

Ecliptopera silaceata D. & S.: Small Phoenix.

B. & M. of K., 3: 56, 202.

Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, c. 1975 f (J. E. Owen), is new
to 15.

Chloroclysta citrata L.: Dark Marbled Carpet
B. & M. of K., 3: 59, 202.

Apparently local and uncommon in Kent.

6. Trottiscliffe, August 5 1977 (P. J. Jewess).

11. Hoads Wood, July 31 1975 (P. J. Jewess).

Thera britannica Turner: albonigrata Gornik: Spruce Carpet.

B. & M. of K., 3: 62, 202.

The reader is referred to the review by Agassiz and Skinner (in
Ent. Rec., 92: 162-166).

11. Maidstone, S taken by D. H. Chambers, September 27 1978t
(D. H. Chambers).

15. Dungeness, July 2 1975 (D. J. L. Agassiz).

Hydriomena impluviata D. & S.: May Highflyer.

B. & M. of K., 3: 66, 203.

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, one, June 2 1979f (J. E. Owen),
is new to 15.

Spargania luctuata D. & S.: White-banded Carpet.

B. & M. of K., 3: 70, 203.

8. Lyminge, May 30 1979 (A. G. J. Butcher). Olantigh, July 15
1975 (M. Enfield).

12. Faggs Wood, Orlestone, one, September 9 1979 (A. P. Foster);
common May 26 1980 (M. Enfield). Bourne Wood NNR, June 16 (1),
August 1 (1), 22 (2) 1978, July 7 (1) 1979 (T. W. Harman). Long Rope,
Orlestone, June 2 (several), August 13 (3) 1980 (B, Skinner).

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

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Rtieumaptera hastata L.: Argent and Sable. B. & M. of K., 2\1\.

11. Hoads Wood, one, May 27 1980 M. Enfield).

R. undulata L.: Scallop Shell. B. & M. of K., 3; 73, 203.

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, one at m.v.l., c. 1976 (J. E.
Owen), is new to 15.

Operophtera fagata Scharfenberg: Northern Winter Moth.

B. &M. of K., 3:81.

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, c. 1976f (J. E. Owen), is new
to 15.

Perizoma bifaciata Haworth: Barred Riviulet. B. & M. of K., 3: 83.
2. Minster-in-Sheppey, 1979 (G. N. Burton).

9. Monkton Chalkpit, about six at light, August 11 1979 (T. W.
Harman), is new to 9.

F. albulata D .& S.: Grass Rivulet. B. & M. of K., 3: 84, 204.

15. Dungeness, one, June 15 1973 (P. Cordell), is new to 15.

Eupithecia tenuiata Huebner. Sallow Pug. B. & M. of K., 3: 88, 204.
1. Forest Hill, one, July 13 1962f (W. J. St. John).

E. plumbeolata Haworth: Lead-coloured Pug.

B. & M. of K., 3: 89.

6a. Darenth Wood, larvae, August 20 1978 (B. K. West).

E. exiguata Huebner: Mottled Pug. B. & M. of K., 3:91, 204.

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, 1975, 1978f (J. E. Owen), is
new to 15.

E. insigniata Huebner: Pinion-spotted Pug.

B. & M. of K., 3: 92, 204.

8. Olantigh, one, June 1980 (M. Enfield).

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, one taken at m.v.l., June 2
1979t (J. E. Owen), is new to 15.

E. valerianata Huebner: Valerian Pug B. & M. of K., 3: 93.

4. Westbere Marshes, larvae on Valeriana officinalis, July 9 1977
(Harman, Proc. Brit ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 11: 127); larvae common,
July 15 1979 (T. W. Harman). New to 4.

E. intricata Zetterstedt ssp. arceuthata Freyer: Freyer’s Pug.

B. & M. of K., 3: 95, 205.

1. Charlton, June 1978 (A. A. Allen).

7. Kings Wood, one, June 6 1980 (M. Enfield), is new to 7.

8. Wye, one June 5 1980 (M. Enfield), is new to 8.

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, May 1974f (J. E. Owen), is
new to 15.

E. dodoneata Guenee: Oak-tree Pug. B. & M. of K., 3: 110.

2. Minster-in-Sheppey, one, June 1 1979f (G. N. Burton), is new

to 2.

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, three. May 1975f (J. E. Owen),
is new to 15.

E. phoeniceata Rambur: Black-streaked Pug. B. & M. of K., 3: 206.

8. Kingsdown, one August 15, one September 5 1979, both at
m.v.l. (A. P. Foster). New to 8, and only the fourth and fifth Kent
phoeniceata (C.-H.).

E. tantillaria Boisduval: Dwarf Pug. B. & M. of K., 3: 113.

Imagines bred August 19 1978 from larvae beaten, Orlestone

entomologist’s record

(268)

I/II/81

Forest (div. 12), from Norway Spruce (Picea abies) and Douglas Fir
{Pseudotsuga taxifolid) (B. Skinner). The first record of the feral pabula
in Kent.

Chloroclystis chloerata Mabille: Pelham-Clinton’s Pug.

B. & M. of K., 3: 206.

6. Trottisclitfe, larvae on sloe, April 9 1977 (P. J. Jewess).

Minoa murinata Scopoli: Drab Looper. B. & M. of K., 3: 123.

I have no record of the occurrence of this species in Kent since
c. 1958.

Lobophora halterata Hufnagel: Seraphim B. & M. of K., 3; 123.

1. Elmers End, a larva on Lombardv Poplar, September 12 1979
(C.-H.).

Trichopteryx carpinata Borkhausen: Earlv Tooth-striped.

B. & M. of K., 3: 125

Apparently very scarce in vice county 16.

6. Plaxdale Green, one at dusk, June 7 1979 (B. K. West). Wro-
tham (TQ59/61), May 7 1976 (A. G. J. Butcher).

Pterapherapteryx sexalata Retzius: Small Seraphim.

B. & M. of K., 3: 126, 206.

12. Canterbury Field Centre, July 4 1976 (T. W. Harman), is first
confirmed record for 12.

Acasis viretata Huebner: Yellow-barred Brindie.

B. & M. of K., 3; 126, 206.

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, at m.v.l., c. 1976 (J. E. Owen),
is new to 15.

Abraxas sylvata Scopoli : Clouded Magpie.

B. & M. of K., 3: 128, 207.

5. Downe, one July 8 1973 (C.-H.).

11. Hoads Wood, one July 16 1979 (M. Enfield).

12. Birchett Wood, Orlestone, S at m.v.l., July 4/5 1976 (B.
Skinner).

Cepphis advenaria Huebner : Little Thorn. B. & M. of K., 3; 135.

Always very local, and now rare or possibly extinct, I have no
more recent record of occurrence in Kent since 1963 (C.-H.).

Plagodis dolabraria L.: Scorched Wing. B. & M. of K., 3: 137, 207.

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, at m.v.l., July 1975 (J. E.
Owen), is new to 15.

Apeira syringaria L.: Lilac Beauty. B. & M. of K., 3: 140, 207.

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, at m.v.l., 1976 (J. E. Owen),
is new to 15.

Ennomos quercinaria Hufnagel: August Thorn.

B. & M. of K., 3: 142.

12. Faggs Wood, Orlestone, one, August 21 1968 (P. Cordell).
Ham Street Village, September 10 1977 (T. W. Harman). Long Rope,
Orlestone, several August 3 1979 (B. Skinner).

E. fuscantaria Haworth: Dusky Thorn. B. & M. of K., 3: 144.

Variation. — SokolofF (JProc. Brit. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 12: 59)
exhibited an ab. from Orpington, “in which the two cross-lines of the
fore-wing are missing”.

Ourapteryx sambucaria L.: Swallow-tail Moth,

B. & M. of K., 3: 149.

Variation. — A magnificent S ab. in fine condition, taken by

F. H. Clouter at Minster-in-Sheppey (div. 2), July 8 1976 is referable

LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT

(269)

to ab. olivacea Standfuss and was exhibited at the British Entomolo-
gical and Natural History Society’s annual exhibitiion on l.xi.l980 (C.-H.).

Lycia hirtaria Clerck: Brindled Beauty. B. & M. of K., 3: 153.

2. Minster-in-Sheppey, annually, \911-19 (G. N. Burton).

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, one at m.v.l., 1975 (J. E. Owen),
is new to 15.

Variation. — Davis (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1955: 23)
recorded on ab. from Maidstone “with wings of uniform pale grey
without markings”.

Biston strataria Hufnagel: Oak Beauty. B. & M. of K., 3: 155.

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, annually, 1974-79 (J. E. Owen),
is new to 15.

B. betularia L.: Peppered Moth. B. & M. of K., 3: 156.

Variation. — Of the melanic forms at Joydens Wood, Dartford
(div. 1) in 1976, B. K. West’s counts were as follows: total 82, type
8.5 %, insulaha 11%, carbonaria 80.5%.

Agriopis leucophaearia D. & S.: Spring Usher B. & M. of K., 3: 158.

15. Eastbridge House, Dvmchurch, c. 1976 (J. E. Owen), is new
to 15.

A. aurantiaria Huebner: Scarce Umber. B. & M. of K., 3: 158.

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch, c. 1976 (J. E. Owen), is new
to 15.

Ectriopis consonaria Huebner: Square-spot. B. & M. of K., 3: 166.

Variation. — Ab. nigra Banks: Kingsdown (div. 6), 2 $ $ , May
31 1978 (B. Skinner); Trottiscliffe (div. 6), one at m.v.l., June 9 1979
(D. Dey).

Lomographa bimaculata F.: White Pinion-spotted.

B. & M. of K., 3: 170.

Herne (div. 3), bred from larva beaten from sloe (B. S. Goodban).

L. temerata D. & S.: Clouded Silver. B. & M. of K., Z: 111.

15. Eastbridge House, Dymchurch (J. E. Owen), is new to 15.

Hylaea fasciaria Barred Red B. & M. of K., 3: 172, 208.

Variation. — Ab. prasinaria D. & S.: Orlestone, $ bred June 18
1978 from a larva beaten from Douglas fir, in Faggs Wood, April 22
1978 (C.-H.); fresh $ taken Long Rope, July 25 1980 (B. Skinner).

Gnophos obscuratus D. & S.: Annulet. B. & M. of K., 3: 173.

1. Lewisham, one, August 3 1951 (P. Cordell).

7. Burham chalkpit, plentiful August 13 1972 (P. Hodge).

8. Crete Road, Folkestone, common by walking up by day, August
12 1979 (B. Skinner).

Aspitates ochrearia Rossi: Yellow Belle. B. & M. of K., 3: 177.

Sandwich Bay, June 8 1958, a larva feeding on the seeds of Rumex
acetosella agg. (C.-H.).

HEPIALIDAE

Hepialus (Hepialus) hwnuli L.: Ghost Swift. B. & M. of K., 3: 178.

Dey (Ent. Rec., 91: 77) recorded one at light in 1978 at Rainham
(div. 7) on September 21, a remarkably late date.

H. (Korscheltellus) fusconebulosa De Geer: Map-winged Swift.

B. & M. of K., 3: 179.

Apparently scarce in vice county 16.

5. Biggin Hill, four, June 24 1956 (P. Cordell).

6. Plaxdale Green, one at dusk, June 7 1979 (B. K. West).

(270)

entomologist’s record

I/II/81

ZYGAENIDAE

Zygaeninae

Zygaena trifolii Esper; Five-spot Burnet. B. & M. of K., 3: 185, 209.

Both ssp. decreta Verity and palustrella Verity have declined
greatly of late, and the former, for which I have no record of occurrence
in Kent since 1957, is seemingly extinct (C.-H.).

Z. lonicerae Scheven ssp. transferens Verity; Narrow-bordered Five-spot
Burnet. B. & M. of K.,3: 187, 209.

2. Minster-in-Sheppey, 1977, 1978, 1979f (G. N. Burton).

15. Dymchurch, 1976f (J. E. Owen).

LIMACODIDAE

Heterogenea asella D. & S.: Triangle. B. & M. of K., 3: 189, 209.
12. Faggs Wood, Orlestone, two, July 20 1968 (P. Cordell).

14. Park Wood, two females, August 9 1980 (N. F. Heal and
P. J. Jewess), is new to 14.

SESIIDAE

Sesiinae

Sesia apiformis Clerck: Hornet Moth. B. & M. of K., 3: 189.

2. Dartford, February 1971, “cocoons abundant, uncovered be-
neath Black Poplars by the old power station . . . apart from being
placed vertically at the base of the trees, many were just lying under
the soil in a horizontal position” (J. Platts in lift.). Grain, pupa, moth
bred May 31 1972 (A. G. J. Butcher).

Conopia myopaeformis Borkhausen: Red-belted Clearwing.

B. & M. of K., 3: 194.

1. Catford, June 10 1976 (P. Cordell).

Bembecia scopigera Scopoli: Six-belted Clearwing.

B. & M. of K., 3: 196, 209.

7. Wouldham (TQ71/63), August 9 1978 (A. G. J. Butcher).

8. Brook, July 1972, a pair in cop. (M. Enfield).

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