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E. Wilson, and printed for Shell Research to illustrate The Butterflies and Moths of Kent. For details of the specimens see page IV All reproduced natural size. THE BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS OF KENT BY J. M. CHALMERS-HUNT, F.R.E.S. VOLUME III HETEROCERA ( Geometridae-Sesiid ae) AND SUPPLEMENT ARBROATH AND LONDON 1968-1981 « '''V 4 PREFACE Besides the Supplement, this volume contains the Geometridae, Hepialidae, Cossidae, Zygaenidae, Limacodidae and Sesiidae of Kent, The total number of species in these Families pertaining to the County is 287, of which 271 are accepted without reserve. .Of these 271, 235 are natives or suspected natives, 18 are residents or residents reinforced by immigration, 5 are immigrants or suspected immigrants and 13 are species that my be classed as extinct. Of the re- maining 16 species, 10 are placed within the reservation of square brackets as of somewhat doubtful status and 6 are treated as in- admissible. The present volume together with the Supplement thus concludes the so-called macrolepidoptera. The success of a work of this nature is so dependent on the co-operation of others, that without this support I could never consider its undertaking. However, having received such kindness and encouragement from the very beginning, and never once been refused information or help from anyone, I propose so long as I am spared, to proceed in a similar manner by treating of the rest of the Order, starting with the Pyraloidea and following on to the end of the so-called microlepidoptera. J. M. Chalmers-Hunt West Wickham, 1st May 1981 IV SOME KENTISH SPECIALITIES (From J. M. Chalmers-Hunt Collection) 1 9 17 Silver-studded Blue: Plebejus argus L. ssp. cretaceus Tutt cT Shepherdswell, 22.vi.1952 Marsh Fritillary: Euphidryas aurinea Rottemburg 9 “Kent vi. 03” Black-veined Moth: Siona lineata Scopoli cf Goldwell Pit, Great Chart, 15. vi. 197 2 2 10 18 Silver-studded Blue: Plebejus argus L. ssp. cretaceus Tutt. cT uns. Biggin Hill, 4.vii.l953 Marsh Fritillary: Euphidryas aurinea Rottemburg cf “Eastry Kent 3.6.06 V.E.S [haw] ” Barred Red: Hylaea fasciaria L. ab. prasinaria D. & S 9 Faggs Wood, Orlestone, bred 18.vi.l978 3 11 19 Square-spot: Ectropis consonaria Hbn. ab. nigra Bankes (f Mereworth Wood, bred 1950 Feathered Ear: Pachetra sagittigera ssp. britannica Turner cP Wye, 8.vi.l936 Bond’s Wainscot: Photedes morrisii Dale ssp. bondii Knaggscf The Leas, Folkestone, 29.vi.1956 4 12 20 Annulet: Gnophos obscuratus D. & S. ab. fasciata Prout cf Folkestone, 6.viii. 1950 Giant Ear: Hydraecia osseola Staudinger ssp. hucherardi Mabille cf Romney Marsh, 10.ix.l955 Lesser Belle: Colobochyla salicalis D. &S.cf Orlestone, vi.l948 5 13 21 Pigmy F ootm^n:EiIema pygmaeola Doubleday ssp. pallifrons Z •:/ Dungeness, 3. viii.1951 Poplar Lutestring: Tethea or D. & S. ab. permarginata Hasebk. 9 Bromley, bred 1929, W. A. Cope Sussex Emerald: Thalera fimbrialis Scopoli 9 Dungeness, 4.viii.l965 6 14 22 Waved Carpet: Hydrelia sylvata D. & S. ab goodwini Bankes 9 Maidstone, bred vii.1907, W.A. Cope Lunar Double-stripe: Minucia lunaris D. & S. cf Long Rope, Orlestone, bred 4.vi.l949 Fiery Clearwing: Bembecia chrysidi- formis cf Folkestone Warren. 2.vii.l950 7 15 23 Sharp-angled Wave: Scopula nigropunctata Hufnagel cf Orlestone, 28.vii.1960 Juniper Pug: Eupithecia pusillata D. & S. ssp. anglicata H.-S. cf “Dover 1891” Rest Harrow: Aplasta ononaria Fuesslycf Sandwich Bay, l.vii.l960 8 16 24 Grass Eggar: Lasiocampa trifolii D.&.S. ssp. flava Chalmers-Hunt O"* Dungeness, bred viii.1951 Juniper Pug: Eupithecia pusillata D. & S. ssp. anglicata H.-S. 9 “Dover S. Webb” Grass Eggar: Lasioc- ampa trifolii D.& S. ssp. flava Chalmers-Hunt ab. obsoleta-flava Tutt cf Dungeness, bred viii.1951 LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III V INTRODUCTION More than 20 years have passed since The Butterflies and Moths of Kent was first begun. Volume 1 has now become most difficult to obtain, and Volume 2 is likewise out of print and much in de- mand. As neither of the collected editions of these two volumes is ever likely to be reprinted, I now issue with the present volume, a revised introduction to that which appeared in Volume 1. Kent occupies about 1570 square miles and at its nearest point is distant only about 24 miles from France. The main feature of the county is the central mass of chalk known as the North Downs, which stretches from a little north of Westerham to the cliffs of Dover. This extent is broken in three places by the valleys of the rivers Darent, Medway and Stour, and the whole forms a natural barrier through the county, dividing it into two rather unequal portions. On the one side it slopes to seaward and the estuaries of the Thames and Medway, and on the other it dips into the Weald with its extensive woodland tracts that once formed part of the great Forest of Anderida. It is owing to these geographical and physical features that embrace such a wide range of habitats; notably, the numerous and extensive woods and marshes, chalk downland, sand dunes and shingle beach, together with varied geological formations, large extent of coastline and close proximity to tire Continent, that Kent is foremost among the counties of the British Isles for the great variety and richness of its lepidoptera. The following signs and abbreviations are employed in The Butterflies and Moths of Kent. Topography Signs and Abbreviations ab. B. & M. ofK. BMNH aberration. The Butterflies and Moths of Kent. British Museum (Nat. Hist.), South Ken- sington. Biological Records Centre, Monks Wood. Records by courtesy of J. Heath. Observations and records of the compiler. collection. determination. division. form. genitalia. Kent Biological Archives and Records Centre, Maidstone Museum. Records by courtesy of E. Philp. B. R. C. C.-H. coll. det. div. f. gen. KBARC VI ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 93 15.X.81 Kent Trust for Nature Conservation, mercury vapour. No date. Observation, observations. Rothschild-Cockayne-Kettlewell collection. Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpen- den, Herts. Records by courtesy of R.A. French. sub-species. underside. Signifies doubt as to the correct division into which the record is placed. Denotes that I have seen this particular specimen, specimens or collection. Signifies that a species so-enclosed is in- admissible. A record so-enclosed signifies doubt as to its correctness, not amounting to certainty of error. In any other context, square brackets are used to enclose words, dates, etc., suppUed and not occurring originally; or they may be used to enclose a suspected natural Kentish larval pabulum. Delimitation of Divisions The vice county deHmitation (vc.l5 and 16) is generally adhered to. Hence, the boundary of the Metropolis is retained, and localities now within the administrative Greater London Area, but which were formerly in Kent are included in the present account. The county is portioned into seventeen divisions (see map), based primarily on ecological features, as outlined hereunder. 1 . Eocene soils of N. W. (suburban) Kent, north of the chalk and west of the Darent. 2. Alluvial marshes of the Medway and Thames estuaries from Woolwich to Seasalter and up the Medway to Allington lock, including Sheppey. Above Hythe, only river banks are included. 3. The Eocene area (wooded) of N. E. Kent, i.e., the Blean — N. and E. of Canterbury as far as Stour and also Bysing Wood near Faversham. 4. Stour marshes from Fordwich weir to the sea at Reculver — Minnis Bay and Deal — Pegwell. 5. Chalk of Darent. 6. Darent — Medway chalk. 6a. Areas of divisions 2 and 6 covered by tertiary deposits. 7. Medway — Stour chalk. 8. Stour — Channel coast chalk. 9. Thanet. K.T.N.C. m.v. N.d. Obs. RCK Rothamsted s.sp. uns. * t [( )] LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III VII 10. Darent basin, except chalk. Mostly gault and greensand. 11. Wealden Medway basin (non-tidal) as far S. as the N. edge of Hastings sands. 12. Stour basin above Fordwich to Weald (no chalk). 13. Hastings beds of Medway. 14. Hastings beds of Rother. 15. Romney Marsh. 16. Channel terrace, Bilsington to Warren. I take this opportunity to thank Dr. Francis Rose for this system of delimitation. Treatment of Records and Explanatory Notes Records are generally presented according to the system of ecological divisions outlined above. In order clearly to indicate the earliest recorded occurrence of a species in any particular division, I normally place such a record first, otherwise localities are not as a rule arranged in any special sequence within their respective divisions. When there are more than one record for a particular locality, such usually follow one another chronologically, so as to indicate continuance of a species there. I have from time to time entered one or more references to a record beside the original one, when these contain additional information of interest. On the other hand, I have somtimes supplied with a record, information not to be found at the reference cited. Records are usually listed chronologically throughout in the case of extinct or immigrant species. So far as is known, all records refer to feral imagines unless otherwise stated. For a generally distributed and common species, a list of all the localities from which it has been noted is not given, since this could amount virtually to a gazeteer of the county, but the divisions for which it has been recorded are stated. Likewise, for a species that is abundant in certain parts but relatively rare in others, it may be necessary only to enumerate the local! tites in some, but not in all the divisions from which it has been recorded. It should be borne in mind, however, that because certain areas have been well worked, whereas others are comparatively neglected, this has had the effect sometimes of giving a false idea of distribution. It has been my practice generally throughout this work, pur- posely to omit from it all unpublished reports of a doubtful nature as being unworthy of perpetuation. However, published dubious records relating to Kent and references to doubtful species in the county are mentioned, if only to draw attention to the fact that I am aware of their existence in the literature. Notable exceptions to this general rule concern Scott (1964), so many of whose records are erroneous or suspect that to cite them all would be tedious and serve no useful purpose. Similarly, I had perforce to disregard to some extent the map distribution records in Heath et al.. The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland, vols. 1 & 9. VIII ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 93 15.X.81 Assessment of Relative Frequency. Since this is a compilation from the writings and records of many observers, terms used to denote relative frequency may not satisfactorily represent the facts. Hence, such expressions as common, abundant, rare, etc. may have only a limited value. Natural Foodplants and Foodstuffs. Unless specified to the contrary, it is always the natural Kent pabulum that is given. In the absence of such information, I have sometimes included within square brackets a food for a species when there were good indications that this was its natural pabulum in Kent. Notes on some Localities The following is an annotated selection of some of the more interesting localities for lepidoptera in the county. I have also drawn attention to certain localities included here where a writer may use a different name from that employed by someone else for the same locality; or alternatively, where two or more localities in the same area may be disguised under one name. Birch Wood (502688). Formerly a locality of some extent, but of which no part now remains. Much worked during the first half of the 19tli century, thougli hardly noticed since 1860. Was famous for the annual festivals of the Entomological Club, held at the Bull Inn, Birch Wood Corner; also, for many interesting species including the Kentish Glory (Endromis versicolora L.). The locality must not be confused with Birch Wood (384642), also in division 1, for which there are comparatively few records, and to distinguish it from the above is referred to in this work as “Birch Wood near West Wickham”. Blean or Blean Woods. Situated in division 3, may refer to any part of the contiguous stretch of woodland extending from Dunkirk in the west to Hoath in the east. Blean is famous as the principal locality in Britain for the Heath Fritillary (Mellicta athalia Rottem- burg) which, if it is to continue to thrive here, is dependent on periodic coppicing and the resulting growth of Cow-wheat (Mela- mpyrum pratense) produced in the woodland clearings so formed. At the present time this butterfly seems to be holding its own, with some six colonies known to occur over quite a wide area, one of which in 1980 was estimated to contain a population of a few thousand insects. However, vast numbers of conifers are being planted here, and this presents the greatest threat to the survival of this insect. Chevening. Lort-Phillips alias Frederick Gillett recorded his home captures under ‘Shootfield’, the name of his house at Chevening, under which place-name, they are referred to hereafter. “Dartford'\ In the Victoria County History (1908), this fre- quently refers to Darenth Wood, sometimes to Hartford Heath, occasionally to Dartford Marshes. Plate 4 {above) Saltmarsh, Nagden. Plate 5 {below) Deciduous woodland; predominently oak and aspen, Orlestone. LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III IX Dungeness. Consists of the largest shingle beach in Europe and extends almost to the small town of Lydd. As an entomological mecca, much of the locality has recently been spoilt owing to extensive gravel extraction and the presence of the nuclear power station. The area about the “Long Pond” is still intact however (though one wonders for how much longer it will remain so), and continues to produce such specialities as the attractive pale race of the Grass Eggar, Lasiocampa trifolii D. & S. ^.^p.flava Chalmers- Hunt, perhaps now found nowhere else in the world; an excep- tionally fine race of the Dark Tussock, Dasychira fascelina L.; and the following, at least three of which occur nowhere else in Britain: Eilema pygmaeola Doubleday s.sp. pallifrons Z., Hadena albimacula Borkhausen, Thalera fimbrialis Scopoli, Calophasia lunula Hufnagel, Coleophora otitae Z. and lately, Clostera anachoreta D. & S. Folkestone Warren. Maritime calcareous escarpment with chalky hollows and undercliff. Classic entomological terrain now becoming increasingly overgrown with scrub and much in need of conservation management. The sole British locality for the Fiery Clearwing (Bembecia chrysidiformis Esper). Other local specialities include Apamea furva D. & S. s.sp. britannica Cockayne and Stan- fussiana lucernea L. (both of which favour the higher ground), Trichopteryx polycommata D. & S., Selania leplastriana Curtis, Agonopterix pallorella Z. and Caloptilia cuculipennella Huebner. Ham Fen (336548). An uncultivated valley fen on chalk with mixed carr. “Ham ponds” and “Ham marshes” — the latter not to be confused with Ham Marshes, Faversham (in div. 2), are synonymous. This is the only recorded locality in Kent for Anticollix sparsata Treitschke, also for the extinct Idaea muricata Hufnagel. For an account of the topography and vegetation of Ham Fen, see Rose, Journal of Ecology, 1950,38: 292-302. Ham Street Woods (National Nature Reserve). Mainly oak standards, with hornbeam, some ash and hazel coppice. Not to be confused with Orlestone Forest (see below). Comparatively little entomologising has been done here as yet, but owing to good management, the locality is deserving of attention. Hothfield Bog (969459). Forms part of a Local Nature Reserve managed by the K.T.N.C. The only known Kentish locality for Hypenodes turfosalis Wocke and Crambus uliginosellus Z. Kings Wood (035505) in division 7, should not be confused with Kings Wood (830510) in division 1 1 . Nagden Marshes, Faversham. Best locality is Castle Coote, situated in the South Swale Local Nature Reserve (035648), owned and administered by the K.T.N.C. Consists of saltmarsh and sea-wall grass with mixed herb associations. A breeding ground of Mala- cosoma castrensis L., Mythimna favicolor Barrett, Scopula emutaria Huebner, Eucosma heringiana Jackh and other interesting saltmarsh species. Entry only by permission of the K.T.N.C. Orlestone Forest. Commonly known as “Ham Street” (Forestry Commission; part K.T.N.C. Reserve), and mainly comprising Long Rope, Faggs Wood, Birchett Wood and Burnt Oak. Damp mixed woodland on Weald clay plateau with oak standards, coppiced aspen. X ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 93 birch, sallow etc., interspersed with heathy patches, grassy and flowery rides containing an abundance of golden-rod, scabious and other attractive plants. These conditions were much more prevalent formerly, since when owing to the effects of drainage, poison sprays and extensive conifer planting, much of the character of the wood has changed. Still one of the finest localities in Britain for woodland lepi- doptera, at least two of which occur here and nowhere else, notably the Lesser Belle (Colobochyla salicalis D. & S.) and the Sharp-angled Wave {Scapula nigropunctata Hufnagel). The locality is also of great interest for the number of comparatively rare species that occur here in relative plenty, though some of these have shown a marked decline in recent years. Reinden Wood (220415). This is synonymous with Rain- dean Wood and Uphill Wood. '‘Royal Oak'\ J. J. Walker MS. referred to numerous species from here. The locality is situated in the north of the Isle of Sheppey. Sandwich Bay and Deal Sandhills. The biggest sand dune system in S. E. England, now restricted to a narrow belt, about six miles long, of maritime sand dune, its vegetation flattened in places by hoards of trippers. Formerly the area extended some distance inland, until much of it was converted into golf courses or, to use Tutfs expression, a “playground”. Paradoxically, though, this has helped to conserve it, since some of the most productive areas consist of golf course “rough”. During the present century, people have mostly worked the northern end, i.e. “Sandwich”. The whole area is one of the richest entomologically and the following are but a few of the more notable species: Eilemma pygmaeola s.sp. pygmaeola Doubleday, Aplasta ononaria Fuessly, Idaea ochrata Scopoli s.sp. cantiata Prout, Crombrugghia distans Z., Phyllono- rycter quinqueguttella Stainton, Caryocolum blandulella Tutt and Stigmella repen tiella Wolff. Tenterden. The records for here in Stainton Mzw. are those of the Rev. S. C. Tress Beale, and mostly refer to Knock Wood (895352). Wateringbury . Goodwin used this place-name loosely to cover Mereworth Wood (650555) and other localities within a few miles of his house. Cannon Court, Wateringbury. West Wickham Wood (380649), otherwise Spring Park, is partly in Surrey. A well- worked and productive locality during the 19th century, now much overgrown. It is seldom possible to say to which county most of the early records refer, so for the sake of conve- nience, the whole wood is treated as if in Kent. Wye Crown (073466). Chalk-pit and downs. An historic locality, and the last known habitat of the Feathered Ear {Pachetra sagittigera Hufnagel, s.sp. britannica Turner). Nomenclature This essentially follows the revised edition by J. D. Bradley, D. S. Fletcher and P. E. S. Whalley, of the Lepidoptera part of Kloet & Hincks A Check List of British Insects (1972). !:e 6 {above) Acid bog with heath, Hothfield. Plate 7 {below) Chalk pit and downs, Wye. Plate 8 {above) Shingle beach, Dungeness. Plate 9 {below) Oak and chestnut coppice, West Blean; haunt of the Heath Fritillary. * LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III XI Some “Lost” and Declining Species among the Macrolepidoptera Among the many factors associated with the numerous changes that have taken place within the county over the past thirty years, and the effects of which have been detrimental to the lepidoptera are: (1) Changes in forestry practices, including the wholesale destruction of deciduous woodland and excessive coniferisation (2) Draining of marshland and wet woodland (3) Changes in agricultural practices, including the ploughing of chalk downland, stubble burning and hedgerow destruction (4) Intense human trampling of sand dunes and the associated flora (5) Suspected ill-effects of climatic changes (6) Building, gravel extraction and the dumping of industrial waste (7) Indirectly, the deleterious effects of myxo- matosis on micro habitats (8) Infilling of quarries and pits (9) Rank scrub growth (10) Poison sprays (11) Dutch elm disease (12) Destruction of lichens by atmospheric pollution and from wall clearing. As a result of these and other factors^ there has been a marked falling off in the numbers of many resident or native lepidoptera during this period, and the undermentioned species are noteworthy in this respect. Those in the first category (a) are either known or suspected of being present at a greatly reduced level of density. Those in the second category (b) on the other hand, have declined to such a degree as may be thought to have become extinct, and the year in brackets after each of these species indicates its last known occur- rence in Kent. {2) Hesperia comma h., Strymonidia w-album Knoch, Hamearis lucina L., Ladoga Camilla L., Boloria selene D. & S., B. euphrosyne L., Argynnis paphia L., Hipparchia semele L., Hemaris fuciformis L., Harpy ia bifida Brahm, Atolmis rubricollis L., Eilema sororcula Hufnagel, Parasemia plantaginis L., Callimorpha dominula L., Meganola strigula D. & S., Cucullia gnaphalii Huebner, Momaf alpium Osbeck, Cryphia muralis Forster, Cosmia diffinis L., Catocala promissa D. & S., C. sponsa L., Tyta luctuosa D. & S. Polypogon strigilata L., Aplasta ononaria Fuessly, Thetidia smaragdaria F.s.sp. maritima Prout, Thalera fimbrialis Scopoli, Cyclophora porata L, Lampropteryx suffumata D. & S., Chloroclysta siterata Hufnagel, Thera firmata Huebner, Colostygia olivata D. & S., Rheumaptera cervinalis Scopoli, Trichop teryx polycommata D. & S., Boarmia roboraria D. & S., Cleorodes lichenaria Hufnagel, Siona lineata Scopoli, Adscita geryon Huebner, Zygaena trifolii Esper s.sp. palustrella Verity. ^But not collecting^ by leisure entomologists, which appears to have had no in-effect whatsoever on the county’s lepidoptera, but on the contrary has provided a wealth of precious data, much of which will be invaluable for conservation purposes. XII ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 93 (b) Theda betulae L. (1971), Plebejus argus L. s.sp. cretaceus Tutt (1976), Apatura iris L. {l961),Argynnis adippe D. & S. (1971), Hemaris tityus L. (1958), Eriogaster lanestris L. (1951), Pachetra sagittigera Hufnagel s,sp. britannica Turner (1963), Jodia croceago D. & S. (1954), Lithacodia deceptoria Scopoli (1956), Catocala fraxini L. (1964), Minucia lunaris D. & S. (1958), Minoa murinata Scopoli (1955), Perconia strigillaria Huebner (1958), Adscita globu- lariae Huebner (1947), Zygaena trifolii Esper s.sp. decreta Verity (1957). Some Published and Manuscript Sources N.B. — The present location (if known) of an unpublished item appears in brackets after each such entry. Arnold, Robert Pocock. Arnold (GM.B.) R. Pocock, the Gravesend Historian, Naturalist. . . and Printer, 1883. Barrett, Br. Lep. C. G. Barrett, Lepidoptera of the British Isles, 1893-1907. Beale, Diary. Rev. S. C. Tress Beale (1832-1885), of Tenterden and Alkham, c. 1855. Transcript of extracts from MS. Diary per G.V. BuU. (J.M.C.-H., West Wickham). Bowes, Diary. A. J. L. Bowes (1913-1942), of Herne Bay. MS. Diary and Notes, 1 1 vols. (Library, Dept, of Entomology, BMNH. By courtesy of the Trustees). Bull, Diary. Dr. G. V. Bull (1873-1959), of Sandhurst, Kent. MS. Diary and Notes, 13 vols., 1921-58 (J.M.C.-H., West Wickham). Busbridge, Diary. W. E. Busbridge (1904-1978), of Dover and Sevenoaks. MS. Diary, 1 vol. Cardew, Diary. Col. P. A. Cardew ( -1954) MS. Diary. (J.M.C.-H., West Wickham). Chaney (1884-87). W. Chaney, List of Macro- Lepidoptera occurring in the Rochester and Chatham District. Rochester Nat., 1884: 85-92 et seq. Cue MS. P. Cue (1877-1971). MS. Notes for Ashford and Folkestone district in an interleaved copy of Scott (1950). (J.M.C.-H., West Wickham). Diary of the Society of the Entomologists of London, 1980-82 MS. (Royal Entomological Society of London. By courtesy of the Librarian). E. & Y. (1949). B. Embry and G. H. Youden, Butterflies and Moths found in the Dover and Deal district. Dover. Embry, Diary. B. Embry (1898-1963) MS. Diary (By courtesy of G. H. Youden, 18, Castle Avenue, Dover). Earn MS. A. B. Earn (1841-1921). MS. Notes in an interleaved copy of Newman’s Illustrated Natural History of British Moths (1 869), 2 vols. Those for Kent are mainly for Greenhithe, where he operated an enormous light trap during the 1890’s (J.M.C.-H., West Wickham). Fenn, Diary. C. Fenn (1840-1925) MS. Diary, 1859-1916, 15 vols. (Royal Entomological Society of London. By courtesy of the Librarian). LEPIDOPTERA OE KENT, III XIII Fig. 1. J. F. Stephens (1792-1852) Fig. 2. J. W. Tutt (1858-1911) Fig. 3. C. Fenn (1840-1925) Fig. 4. H. C. Huggins (1891-1977) XIV ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 93 Fig. 6. G. H. Youden (1903- ) Fig. 5. A. J. L. Bowes (1913-1942) Fig. 7. A. M. Morley (1879-1972) Fig. 8. J. M. Chalmers-Hunt (1920- ) XV LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III Fenn, Lep. Data. C. Fenn MS., 2 vols. (Two copies: (1) library, Dept, of Entomology, BMNH. (2) Royal Entomological Society of London. By courtesy of the Librarian). Frampton MS. Rev. R. E. E. Erampton, of Halstead, Kent. MS. Notes per S. Wakely. Erohawk, Diary. E. W. Frohawk (1861-1946) MS. Diary and Notes, 2 vols., 1880-90 (J.M.C.-H., West Wickham). Gilles, Diary. W.S. Gilles (1876-1938) MS. Diary, 1895-1938, 4 vols., by courtesy of the late R. Greenslade (Library, Royal Ento- mological Society of London). Gillett, Diary. E. Gillett alias Lort-Phillips, of Chevening. MS. Diary and Notes, 1912-1923, 2 vols. (Library, Dept, of Entomology, BMNH. By courtesy of the Trustees). Given (1946). Royal Tunbridge Wells, Past and Present, edited by J.C.M. Given. Lepidoptera, pp. 138-149 by E.D. Morgan. Gomm, Diary. H. G. Gomm ( -1934), of Westbrook, Margate. MS. Diary, 1915-1934. Goodwin MS. E. Goodwin (1867-1934), of Wateringbury. MS. Notebook. (Maidstone Museum, by courtesy of E. Philp). Harris, Diary. P. E. Harris (1892-1957), of Margate and Whitstable. MS. Diary and Notebooks, 1931-1950 (Eolkestone Museum, by courtesy of the Curator). Hedges, Diary. A. V. Hedges (1893-1957). MS. Diary and Notes, 4 vols. (Dept, of Entomology, BMNH. By courtesy of the Trustees). Hickling MS. G. H. Hickhng ( -1895), of Sidcup. MS. Notes in a copy of E. Newman’s Illustrated Natural History of British Moths (By courtesy of C. G. Bruce, 16, Harland Rd., Lee, London, S.E.12). Jackson, Diary. Capt. R. A. Jackson (1890-1 969) MS. Diary, 1902- 1969, 10 vols. (British Entomological and Natural History Society. By courtesy of the Librarian). Juby & Hards (1925). British Woodlands as Illustrated by Lessness Abbey Woods, edited by St. J. Marriott. Lepidoptera, pp.60-66 by J. Juby and C. H. Hards. Kidner, Diary; Kidner MS. A. R. Kidner ( -1948), of Sidcup. MS. Diary and Notes, 1905-1947, 7 vols. (J.M.C.-H., West Wickham). Knaggs (1870). H. G. Knaggs. List of Macro-Lepidoptera occurring in the neighbourhood of Folkestone. Knipe (1916). Tunbridge Wells and Neighbourhood, edited by H. R. Knipe. Lepidoptera by E. D. Morgan. Lanfear, Diary. A. H. Lanfear, of Ramsgate. MS. Diary (J.M.C.-H., West Wickham). Marsh, Diary, D.G. Marsh (1891-1969), of Herne Bay and littlebourne. MS. Diary, 1947-1953, 2 vols. (library, British Entomological and Natural HistorySociety). Morgan, E. D., Lepidoptera of Tunbridge Wells MS. 3 vols., 1946 (Tunbridge WeUs Museum. By courtesy of the Curator). Morley (1931). A. M. Morley, List of Butterflies and Moths occur- ring in the Neighbourhood of Folkestone. XVI ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 93 Morley, Diary. A. M. Morley (1879-1972), of Folkestone. MS. Diary and Notes. 16vols., 1927-1972 (J.M.C.-H., West Wickham). Melvill, J. C. , Compendium Entomologicum Manuscript Journal. MS. Account of his collecting excursions, 1865-76 (% courtesy of E. W. Classey). Morris, Diary. S. Morris (1870-1943). MS. Diary and Notebooks, 1887-1943, 40 vols. Morris moved from Sussex to Sturry, Kent in 1936. (Library, Dept, of Entomology, BMNH. By courtesy of the Trustees). Newman, Young England. E. Newman, A Natural History of All the British Butterflies, Young England, Butterfly Number (1860). Newman, Br. Moths. E. Newman, Illustrated Natural History of Bri tish Moth s, 1869. Newman, Br. Butts. E. Newman, Illustrated Natural History of British Butterflies, 1871. Purdey MS. W. Purdey (1844-1922), of Folkestone. MS. Notebook of “Deltoides, Pyrales, Pterophorides and Tortrices” of Folke- stone and Deal District. (J.M.C.-H, West Wickham). Rothamsted. Rothamsted Record Cards (Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts. (By courtesy of R.A. French). Scott (1936) E. Scott, List of Butterflies and Moths occurring in the neighbourhood of Ashford. Ashford. Scott (1950) E. Scott, List of Butterflies and Moths occurring in the neighbourhood of Ashford. Second Edition. Ashford. Scott (1964) E. Scott, Annotated List of Lepidoptera (Macro and Micro) occurring in the neighbourhood of Ashford. Trans. Kent Eld. Cl. 2. Maidstone. Scott, Diary. Dr. E. Scott (1887-1964). of Ashford. MS. Diary, 12 vols, 1952-63 (J.M.C.-H., West Wickham). Stainton, Man. H. T. Stainton, Manual of British. Butterflies and Moths, 2 vols., 1856-59. Stephens, Haust. J. F. Stephens, Illustrated Natural History of British Insects, vols. 1-4: Haustellata, 1828-1834. Stockwell, Diary. H. D. Stockwell, of Dover, MS. Diary (By courtesy of G. H. Youden, 18, Castle Avenue, Dover). Tompkins, MS. H. Tompkins MS. Notes, 1858-60 (Dept, of Ento- mology, BMNH. By courtesy of the Trustees). Tutt, Br. Noct. J. W. Tutt, British Noctuae and their Varieties, 4 vols., 1891-92. Tutt, Br. Butts. J. W. Tutt, British Butterflies, 1896. Tutt, Br. Lep. J. W. Tutt, Natural History of the British Lepidoptera, 9 vols., 1899-1914. Ullyett (1880). H. Ullyett, Rambles of a Naturalist Round Folke- stone. V.C.H. (1908). Victoria History of the County of Kent, edited W. Page. Lepidoptera, pp. 178-208 by H. Goss and B.A. Bower. S. Wacher MS. Sydney Wacher, of Canterbury. MS. Notebook per P. B. Wacher. Walker MS. Commander J. J. Walker (1851-1939) MS. Notebook. (Hope Dept, of Entomology, Oxford. By courtesy of the Librarian). LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III XVII Webb (1891). Dover, Deal and District Descriptive Pictorial . Lepido- ptera [pp. 5-1 1 by S. Webb] (The only copy known to me is in Dover Public Library). Webb (1899). British Association Handbook to Dover, edited by S. Evans and F. Bennet-Golding. Lepidoptera, pp. 108-111 by S. Webb. Wells, Diary. H. 0. Wells MS. Diary, 3 vols., 1903-1933. (J.M.C.-H., West Wickham). Williams et al. (1942). C. B. Williams et al.. Studies in the Migration of Lepidoptera. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond., 92(1): 101-283. Wool. Surv. (1909). Survey and Record of Woolwich and West Kent, edited by C. H. Grindling et. al. Lepidoptera, pp. 333-420, edited by J. W. Tutt. Some Collections Cited Note; The present location (if known) appears in brackets after each entry. Alderson coll. Hope Alderson (fl. 1890), of Farnborough (Bromley Public Library, by courtesy of the Librarian. Removed to Orpington Public Library). J. P. Barrett coll. J. Platt Barrett (1838-1916), of Margate (Horni- man’s Museum, Forest Hill. By courtesy of the Curator). Bostock coll. E. D. Bostock ( -1953), of Folkestone. (Auctioned 28.10,9.12.1953). Bowes coll. A. J. L. Bowes (1913-1942), of Herne Bay. (Dept, of Entomology, BMNH. By courtesy of the Trustees). Br. Mus., S. Kensington; BMNH coll. The General Collection of British Lepidoptera, BMNH (Dept, of Entomology, British Museum (Nat. Hist.), South Kensington. By courtesy of the Trustees). Bull coll. Dr. G. V. Bull (1873-1959), of Sandhurst. Buxton coll. Prof. P.A. Buxton (1892-1955) and D. J. A. Buxton, of Shipbourne. (Auctioned 26.11.1952). C.-H. coll. J. M. Chalmers-Hunt (1, Hardcourts Close, West Wickham). Cope coll. Wilfred A. Cope ( -c. 1954), of Bromley. Gillett coll. F. Gillett alias Lort-PhUlips (fl. 1910-1922), of Cheven- ing (in BMNH coU.). Gomm coll. H. G. Gomm, of Westbrook, Margate. Goodwin coll. E. Goodwin (1867-1934), (Maidstone Museum. By courtesy of E. Philp). Hare coll. Edgar J. Hare (1884-1969), of Pinden. (Manchester Museum). Harris coll. P. F. Harris (1892-1951), of Whitstable and Margate (Folkestone Museum. By courtesy of the Curator). Huggins coll. H. C. Huggins (1891-1977), of Gravesend, Faversham, Sittingbourne and Margate. (Dept, of Entomology, British Museum (Nat. Hist.), South Kensington). Hunt coU. J. W. C. and R. P. A. Hunt, of Ramsgate. Lort-Philhps coll, see Gillett. XVIII ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. 93 Maidstone Mus. General Collections of British Lepidoptera, includ- ing H. Elgar, R. H. Fremlin and other small collections. (Maid- stone Museum. By courtesy of E. Philp). Marsh coll. Dudley G. Marsh (1891-1969), of Herne Bay and Little- bourne. Nottle coll. E. Nottle, of South Norwood, London. (Beckenham Town Hall. By courtesy of the Town Clerk). RCK. The Rothschild-Cockayne-Kettlewell coll. (Dept, of Ento- mology, British Museum (Nat. Hist.), S. Kensington. By courtesy of the Trustees). Small coll. F. A. Small ( -c. 1937), of Canterbury. (Beaney Institute, Canterbury. By courtesy of the Curator). South London Entomological Society coll. General Collections of British Lepidoptera (British Entomological and Natural History Society, 74 South Audley Street, London Wl. By courtesy of Curator). Stockwell coll. H. D. Stockwell, of Dover (Dover Museum. By courtesy of the Curator). Wakely coll. S. H. Wakely (1892-1976), of Ruskin Park, London, SE. (Cambridge University, Dept, of Entomology, Downing Street, Cambridge). Walker coll. Commander J. J. Walker (1851-1939) (Hope Dept, of Entomology, University Museum, Oxford. By courtesy of the Curator). Youden coll. George H. Youden, of Dover (16, Castle Avenue, Dover). Acknowledgements On completion of the macrolepidoptera portion of The Butter- flies and Moths of Kent, I now express my deep appreciation and gratitude to everyone who has in one way or another so far contri- buted to its success. I do especially thank the many people who have supplied me with records, every one of the many thousands of these included in this work being acknowledged in full with the name of the authority concerned. I likewise thank those who kindly identified material, and all who graciously made available to me specimens, collections, manuscripts, photographs and literature, and whose names appear from time to time throughout the main body of the work or are cited above. With regard to the illustrations for this book, I offer my grateful thanks to the following for their help so generously and freely given. Mr. E. S. Bradford, who prepared, and when necessary, re-photographed for reproduction the portraits of entomologists. Mrs. Jessie Eburne, who went to great pains to photograph the various locaHties. Mr. D. E. Wilson, for producing the original coloured photograph for the frontispiece, Mr. P. J. Jewess for arranging for its reproduction, and Mr. K. Attwood of Shell Research for printing it. I desire to aclmowledge gratefully my indebtedness to those hereunder, for information and assistance. Members of the Staff LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III XIX of the Department of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington, in particular Mr. D. S. Fletcher, Mr. D. J. Carter, Mr. W. G. Tremewan and Miss Pamela Gilbert; Mr. A. F. Amsden (Department of Zoology, National Museum of Wales, Cardiff); Mr. R. A. French (Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden); Mr. E. Taylor (Hope Department of Entomology, University Museum, Oxford); the Members of Staff of the Institute of Terres- trial Ecology, Biological Records Centre, Monks Wood; Mrs. B. G. Leonard (Librarian, Royal Entomological Society of London); Mr. D. Read, and the late Mr. A. L. Goodson (Tring Museum). Finally, I am most grateful to the undermentioned for the use of six of the eight portraits here shown, the figure numbers of which appear in brackets after their names. Mr. C. MacKechnie- Jarvis (fig. 1); the Council of the Royal Entomological Society of London (fig. 3); the Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) (fig. 5); Mr. G. H. Youden (fig. 6); Miss Joan Morley (fig. 7); and, the Rank Organisation, (fig. 8). LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III INDEX The Index includes Family names, Generic names, and Specific names, with synonyms of Specific names in italic. abbreviata, 110,206 abietaria, D., 161 abietaria, E., 90 Abraxas, 127,268 Abrostola, 261 abruptaria, 159 absinthiata, 96, 205 absinthii, 248 Acasis, 126, 168 accentifera, 260 aceris, 252 Acherontia, 229 Achlya, 241 Acronicta, 252 Actinotia, 242 adippe, 223 adustata, 130 advenaria, 135, 268 Adscita, 182 Aegeria, 195 aegeria, 225 aerugula, 238 aescularia, 2 aesculi, 180 aestivaria, 7, 198 Aethalura, 167 affinis, 254 affinitatum, 81, 204 agathina, 244 agestis, 217 Aglais, 220 aglaja, 223 Agriopis, 158, 269 Agrius, 229 Agrochola, 250 Agrotis, 241 albipunctata, 99 albicillata, 50, 201 albicolon, 245 albimacula, 246 albipuncta, 246 albipunctata, 11, 198 albonigrata, 266 albovenosa, 252 albula, 238 albulata. A., 120 albulata, P.,84, 204, 267 alchemiUata, 82, 204 Aids, 161 Aleucis, 171 algira, 261 Allophyes, 249 alni, 252 alniaria, 144 alpium, 251 Alsophila, 2 alternaria, 131 alternata, 45, 201 amata, 15 ambigua, 258 Amphipoea, 256 Amphipyra, 253 anachoreta, 233 Anaplectoides, 244 andrenaeformis, 193 Angerona, 150 annulata, 10, 198 Anthocharis, 214 anthraciniformis, 193 Anticlea, 48 AnticoUix, 116 antiopa, 221 antiqua, 233 Apamea, 254 Apatura, 220 Apeira, 139, 268 Aphantopus, 228 apiciaria, 138 apiformis, 189, 270 Aplasta, 2, 264 Aplocera, 117 Apocheima, 151 Apoda, 188 Aporia, 213 Aporophyla, 248 aprUina, 249 Archanara, 257 Archiearis, 1 Arctia, 237 ARCTIIDAE, 234 Arenostola, 257 argentea, 248 argiolus, 218 argus, 217 Argynnis, 223 Aricia, 217 armigera, 259 asella, 189, 209, 270 Aspitates, 176, 269 assimilata, 97 Asthena, 120 atalanta, 220 Atethmia, 25 1 athalia, 224 Atolmis, 235 atomaria, 168 atrata, 119 atropos, 229 augur, 243 aurago, 251 aurantiaria, 158, 269 aurinia, 224 auroraria, 23 australis, 248 australis, 213 autumnaria, 148 autumnata, 79, 204 Autographa, 260 avellana, 188 aversata, 30, 200 badiata, 48 bankiana, 259 barbalis, 263 batis, 240 beUargus, 218 Bembecia, 196, 270 bembeciformis, 190,209 Bena, 260 berbera, 253 berberata, 70 betulae, 215 betularia, 156, 208,269 biangulata, 77 bicolorana, 260 bicuspis, 231 bidentata, 148, 207 bifaciata, 83, 204, 267 bifida, 231 bilineata, 47, 201 bilunaria, 146 bimaculata, 170, 269 bipunctaria, 42 biren, 264 biselata, 26 Biston, 155, 269 bistortata, 164, 208 biundularia, 164 blandiata, 84 Boarmia, 162 Boloria, 222 bombycina, 244 boreata, 81 brassicae, 214 britannica=variata, 62,202, 266 brumata, 79 brunnea, 244 brunnearia, 160 brunneata, 133 Bupalus, 168 Cabera, 169 caja, 237 c-album, 222 Callimorpha, 238 Callophrys, 214 Calophasia, 248 Camilla, 219 Campaea, 172 Camptogramma, 47 caniola, 235 capucina, 232 cardamines, 214 cardui, 220 carmelita, 232 carpinata, 125 castigata, 100 castrensis, 239 Catarhoe, 44, 266 Catocala, 261 Celaena, 257 Celastrina, 218 celerio, 231 centaureata, 94, 205 centonalis, 238 centrago, 25 1 Cepphis, 135, 268 Cerapterix, 246 cervinalis, 72, 203 characterea, 255 chenopodiata, 42, 201 Chesias, 116 Chilodes, 258 chloerata, 206, 268 Chlorissa, 7 Chloroclysta, 57 Chloroclystis, 114, 268 christyi, 78, 204 chrysidiformis, 197 chrysitis, 260 chrysoprasaria, 9, 198 chrysorrhoea, 234 Cidaria, 60 cinctaria, 161 cinerea, 241 citrago, 251 citrata, 59, 202, 266 clathrata, 133 clavaria, 48 INDEX Cleora, 161 Cleorodes, 164 clorana, 260 clorosata, 136 Clostera, 233 c-nigrum, 244 Coenobia, 257 Coenonympha, 228 Colias, 212 Colobochyla, 262 Colostygia, 64 Colotois, 150 comes, 242 Comibaena, 5 comitata, 51, 201 comma, 211 complana, 236 compta, 245 concolor, 256 confusalis, 238 Conistra, 250 Conopia, 193, 270 consignata, ^2 consonaria, 166, 269 consortaria, 163 conspicillaris, 246 contigua, 245 convolvuli, 229 coridon, 218 coronata, 114 corylata, 63, 202 Coscinia, 236 Cosmia, 254 Cosmorhoe, 53, 266 COSSIDAE, 180 Cossus, 182 cossus, 182 Costaconvexa, 47 costaestrigalis, 263 Craniophora, 252 crassa, 242 crassa, 243 crassalis, 263 crataegi, A. 213 crataegi, T., 239 crenata. 255 crepuscularia, 165 cribraria, 236 cribrumalis, 264 Crocallis, 149 croceago, 250 croceus, 213 Cryphia, 252 Ctenoplusia, 260 cuculata, 45, 201, 266 Cucullia, 248 cucuUina, 232 II culiciformis, 195 cultraria, 240 Cupido, 216 cursoria, 241 curtula, 233 Cybosia, 235 Cyclophora, 10, 265 Cynthia, 220 dahlii, 244 DANAIDAE, 228 Danaus, 228 Daphnis, 230 Dasychira, 234 dealba ta, 175 debiliata, 115 deceptoria, 259 decimalis, 246 defoliaria, 159, 208 Deilephila, 230 Deilep tenia, 161 Deltote, 259 denotata, 100, 205 dentaria, 146, 207 deplana, 236 derivalis, 264 derivata, 49, 201 designata, 37 Diachrysia, 260 Diacrisia, 237 Diaphora, 237 Diarsia, 244 Dichonia, 249 didymata, 86 diffinis, 254 dilutata, 78, 204 dimidiata, 27 dispar, 234 dissoluta, 257 distinctata, 171, 208 ditrapezium, 244 divisa, 252 dodoneata, 110, 267 dolobraria, 137,207,268 dominula, 238 Drepana, 240 DREPANIDAE, 240 dubitata, 74, 203 duplaris, 241 Dy pterygia, 253 Dyscia, 177 Dysgonia, 261 Earias, 260 Ecliptopera, 56, 266 Ectropis, 164, 269 efformata, 118 Ill LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III Egira, 246 Elaphria, 258 Eilema, 235 Electrophaes, 63 elinguaria, 149, 207 elpenor, 230 emarginata, 29, 200 Ematurga, 168 emortualis, 264 emutaria, 20, 199 Enargia, 254 Ennomos, 140, 268 Epione, 138 Epirrhoe, 45 Epirrita, 78 epomidion, 255 Erannis, 159 Eriogaster, 239 erosaria, 144, 207 Erynnis, 211 Eublemma, 259 Euchoeca, 119 Euclidia, 262 Eulithis, 53 Eumichtis, 250 euphrosyne, 222 Euphydras, 224 Euphyia, 77 Eupithecia, 88, 267 Euproctis, 234 Eupsilia, 250 Eurois, 244 Euxoa, 241 exanthemata, 169 exigua, 258 exiguata, 91, 204,267 expallidata, 98, 205 extensaria, 108 extersaria, 166, 208 extrema, 256 fagana, 260 fagaria, 177 fagata, 81, 267 fagi, 231 falcataria, 240 fascelina, 234 fasciana, 259 fasciaria, 172, 208, 269 favicolor, 247 ferrugaria, 38 ferrugata,X.,Clerck,39 ferrugata, X., sens. Haw., 38 ferruginea, 253 filipendulae, 184 fimbrialis, 8, 198, 264 fimbriata, 243 firmata, 60 flammea, 248 flammeolaria, 120, 206 flavicincta, 250 flavicinctata, 48 flavicornis, 241 flaviventris, 193 flavofasciata, 85, 204 fluctuata, 41, 201 fluctuosa, 240 fluviata, 35 fluxa, 256 formicaeformis, 195 fraxinata, 108 fraxini, 261 fuciformis, 230 fucosa, 256 fuliginaria, 262 fuliginosa, 237 fulvata, 60, 202 furcata, 66, 202 furcula, 231 furva, 255 fuscantaria, 144, 268 fusconebulosa, 179, 269 fuscovenosa, 26 galathea, 226 galiata, 46, 201 gallii, 230 gamma, 260 geminipuncta, 257 Geometra, 4, 264 GEOMETRIDAE, 1,264 geryon, 183 gilvago, 251 gilvaria, 176, 209 glareosa, 243 glauca, 264 globulariae, 183 glyphica, 262 gnaphalii, 248 gnoma, 232 Gnophos, 173, 269 Gonepteryx, 213 goosensiata, 96 griseata, 15 griseola, 235 graminis, 246 Graphiphora, 243 grisealis, 263 giossulariata, 127,207 Gymnoscelis, 115 Hadena, 245 halterata, 123, 268 Harpyia, 231 hastata, 71, 203, 267 haworthiata, 89, 204 hecta, 179 Helicoverpa, 259 Heliophobus, 245 Hehothis, 259 Hemaris, 230 Hemearis, 219 Hemistola, 9 Hemithea, 7 HEPIALIDAE, 178, 269 Hepialus, 178, 269 Hesperia, 211 HESPERIIDAE, 210 Heterogenea, 189, 270 Hipparchia, 226 hippocastanaria, 137,207 Hippotion, 231 hirtaria, 153, 269 hispidaria, 151, 208 Hoplodrina, 258 Horisme, 67 humuli, 178, 269 hyale, 212 Hydraecia, 256 Hydrelia, 120 Hydriomena, 66, 266 Hylea, 172, 269 Hyles, 230 Hyloicus, 229 Hypena, 263 Hypenodes, 263 hyperantus, 228 icarus, 218 ichneumoniformis, 196 icterata, 101 idaea, 22, 265 imitaria, 20 immanata, 59 immutata, 21, 199 impluviata, 66, 203, 266 impura, 247 Inachis, 221 indigata, 106 innotata, 108 inornata, 31 insigniata, 92, 204, 267 interjectaria, 26 interrogationis, 261 intricata, 95, 205, 267 inturbata, 88, 204 io, 221 Iphiclides, 212, 229 Ipimorpha, 253 iris, 220 irriguata, 91 irrorella, 234 Isturgia, 135 Jodia, 250 Jodis, 9, 265 jota, 261 jubata, 162 juniperata, 63, 202 jurtina, 228 Lacanobia, 245 lactata, 22 lactearia, 9, 198, 265 Ladoga, 219 Lampropterix, 52 lanestris, 239 Laothoe, 230 Larentia, 48 lariciata, 112 Lasiocampa, 239 LASIOCAMPIDAE,238 Lasiommata, 225 lateritia, 255 lathonia, 223 latruncula, 256 leautieri, 249 legatella, 116 leporina, 252 leucophaearia, 158, 269 leucostigma, 257 lichenaria, 164, 208 lichenea, 250 Ligdia, 130 lignata, 34 ligula, 250 ligustri, C., 252 ligustri, S., 229 limacodes, 188 LIMACODIDAE, 188, 270 limbaria, 135 limitata, 42 bnariata, 90 linearia, 14, 199 Uneata, H., 230 lineata, S., 175, 209 lineola, 210 Lithacodia, 259 Lithophane, 249 Lithosia, 236 litura, 250 liturata, 132 INDEX Lobophora, 123, 268 Lomaspilis, 129 Lomographa, 170, 269 lonicerae, 187,209,270 loreyi, 248 lubricipeda, 237 lucernea, 242 lucina, 219 luctuata, 70, 203, 266 luctuosa, 262 lunosa, 261 lunula, 248 lunularia, 146, 207 lupulinus, 179 luridata, 43, 201, 266 lutea, 251 luteolata, 138 luteum, 237 lutosa, 257 Lycaena, 216 LYCAENIDAE, 214 Lycia, 153, 269 Lycophotia, 243 Lygephila, 262 Lymantria, 234 LYMANTRIIDAE, 233 Lysandra, 218 Lythria, 33 machaon, 212 Macrochilo, 264 Macroglossum, 230 macularia, 139 Malacosoma, 239 malvae, 211 Mamestra, 245 Maniola, 228 margaritata, 172, 208 marginaria, 158, 208 marginata, 129, 207 marginepunctata, 18, 199 maritima, 7 maritimus, 258 maura, 253 Meganola, 238 megera, 225 Melanargia, 226 Melanthia, 69 Melicta, 224 mellinata, 55, 202 mendica, 237 Menophra, 159 Mesoleuca, 50 mesomelia, 235 Mesotype, 34 miata, 57, 202 miUefoliata, 104, 205 IV Miltochrista, 234 Mimas,229 miniata, 234 minima, 256 minimus, 2^6 Minoa, 123, 268 Minucia, 261 Moma, 25 1 Mormo, 253 monacha, 234 montanata, 40, 201 multistrigaria, ^64, 202 munda, 246 mundana, 235 munitata, 38 muralis, 252 muricata, 23 murinata, 123, 268 muscerda, 235 myopaeformis, 194,270 Mythimna, 246 Naenia, 244 nanata, 107, 205 napi, 214 nebulata, 119 nebulosa, 245 NEMEOBIIDAE, 219 nemoralis, 263 nerii, 230 neu stria, 239 ni, 260 nigra, 249 nigricans, 24 1 nigrofasciaria, 49 nigropunctata, 16,199,265 nitens, 244 Noctua, 242 NOCTUIDAE, 241 NOLIDAE, 238 notata, 130, 207 NOTODONTIDAE,231 notha, 1, 198 Nudaria, 235 nupta, 261 Nycteola, 260 NYMPHALIDAE, 219 Nymphalis, 221 obeliscata, 61 oblonga, 255 obscuratus,173, 209,269 obsoleta, 247 obstipata, 35, 200, 266 occidua, 108 oceUaris, 25 1 V ocellata, C., 53, 266 ocellata, S., 229 occulta, 244 Ochlodes, 211 ochrata, 22, 265 ochrearia, 177, 209, 269 Ochropacha, 241 Ochropleura, 242 ocularis, 240 Odezia, 119 Odontopera, 148 Odontosia, 232 Oligia, 256 olivata, 64, 202 ononaria, 2, 198, 264 Operophtera, 79, 267 ophiogramma, 255 opima, 246 Opistograptis, 138 or, 240 orbicularia, 10 Orgyia, 233 orichalcea, 260 ornata, 17, 199 ornitopus, 249 Orthonama, 34, 266 Orthosia, 246 osseola, 256 ostrina, 259 Ourapteryx, 149, 268 oxyacanthae, 249 Parastichtis, 251 Pachetra, 245 Pachycnemia, 137 paleacea, 254 pallens, 247 pamphilus, 228 Panemeria, 258 paphia, 224 Papilio, 212 papilionaria, 5 , 198, 264 PAPILIONIDAE, 212 Paracolax, 264 Paradiarsia, 243 Paranthrene, 190 Pararge, 225 Parascotia, 262 Parasemia, 236 Pareulype, 70 parthenias, 1 pastinum, 262 pavonia, 240 pectinataria, 65, 202 Pelosia, 235 peltigera, 259 Pelurga, 5 1 LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT, III pendularia, 10 pendularia, 11 pennaria, 150, 208 Perconia, 177 Peribatodes, 160 Peridea, 232 Perizoma, 81, 267 perochraria, 23 persicariae, 245 petasitis, 256 Petrophora, 136 Philereme, 75 phlaeas, 216 Pheosia, 232 phoeniceata, 206, 267 Photedes, 256 Phragmatobia, 237 phragmitidis, 257 Phytometra, 262 picata, 77 pictaria, 171 PIERIDAE, 212 Pieris, 214 pigra, 233 pilosaria, 153 pimpinellata, 106 pimpinellata, 109 pinastri, 229 pini, 90 piniaria, 168 plagiata, 117, 206 Plagodis, 136, 268 plantaginis, 236 Plebejus, 217 plecta, 242 Plemyra, 60 plexippus, 228 plumbaria, 43 plumbeolata, 89, 267 plumigera, 233 Plusia, 260 podalirius, 212, 229 Poecilocampa, 238 Polia, 244 polychloros, 221 polycommata, 124 Polygonia, 222 polygrammata, 47 Polymixis, 250 polyodon, 242 Polyommatus, 218 Polyploca, 241 Polypogon, 263 popularis, 246 populata, 55 populi, L., 230 populi, P., 238 porata, 12, 198 porcellusj 230 porphyrea, 243 prasina, 244 prasinaria, 260 procellata, 69, 203 pomissa, 261 pronuba, 242 prosapiaria, 172 pruinata, 4, 198, 264 prunaria, 150, 208 prunata, 53 psi, 252 Pseudoips, 260 Pseudopanthera, 139 Pseudoterpna, 41, 264 Pterophorapteryx, 126,268 Ptilodon, 232 Ptilodontella, 232 Ptilophora, 233 pudibunda, 234 pudorina, 247 pulchella, 236 pulchellata, 9 pulchrina, 261 pulveraria, 126 pumHata, 115 punctaria, 13, 199 punctinalis, 163 punctulata, 167 puppillaria, 12,198,265 pusaria, 169 pusillata. 111 pusillata, 115 pustulata, 5, 198 putnami, 260 purpuraria, 33 pygarga, 259 pygmaeola, 235 pyraliata, 55, 202 pyralina, 254 pyramidea, 253 Pyrgus, 211 pyrina, 180, 209 Pyronia, 227 Pyrrhia, 259 quadra, 236 quadrifasciata, 39, 200 quercinaria, 142, 207, 268 quercus, E., 239 quercus, Q., 215 Quercusia, 215 raptricula, 252 INDEX VI ravida, 243 recens, 233 rectangulata, 114 repandaria, 138 repandata, 161, 208 reticulata, 245 retusa, 253 revayana, 260 rhamni, 213 Rheumaptera, 71, 267 Rhizedra, 257 Rhodometra, 32, 265 rhomboidaria, 160 rhomboidea, 244 Rhyacia, 242 ribeata, 161, 208 ridens, 241 ripae, 242 rivata, 46 Rivula, 262 roboraria, 162, 208 rostralis, 263 ruberata, 67 rubi, 214 rubidata, 44, 201 rubiginata, P., 60, 265 rubiginata, S., 18, 199 rubricollis, 235 rufa, 257 rufata, 117, 206 rufifasciata, 1 15, 206 rupicapraria, 172 Rusina, 253 rusticata, 24, 199 sacraria, 32, 200, 265 sagittata, 87 sagittigera, 245 salicalis, 262 salmachus, 191 sambucaria, 149, 268 sannio, 237 SATURNIIDAE, 240 Saturnia, 240 satyrata, 95, 205 scahiomta,\^^ scabriuscula, 253 Schrankia, 263 scolopacina, 255 scopigera, 196, 209, 270 Scopula, 16, 265 Scotopterix, 42, 266 selene, 222 Selidosema, 160 semele, 226 semibrunnea, 249 Semiothisa, 130 senex, 234 Senta, 248 seriata, 26 sericealis, 262 serpentata, 23, 199 Serraca, 163 Sesia, 189, 270 SESIIDAE, 189, 270 Setina, 234 sexalata, 126, 206, 268 Sideridis, 245 silaceata, 56, 202, 266 simpliciata, 104, 205 simulans, 242 Simyra, 252 sinuata, 45 Siona, 175 siterata, 57 smaragdaria, 7, 264 Smerinthus, 229 sobrinata, 111 socia, 249 sociata, 245 sororcula, 235 spadicearia, 38 Spaelotis, 243 Spargania, 70, 266 sparganii, 257 sparsata, 116 spartiata, 116 Sphecia, 190 spheciformis, 193 SPHINGIDAE, 229 Sphinx, 229 Spilosoma, 237 Spodoptera, 258 sponsa, 261 Standfussiana, 242 sta+ices, 182, 209 Stauropus, 231 stellatarum, 230 straminata, 25, 199 straminata, 31, 200 strataria, 155, 269 strigaria, 1 7 strigilata, 263 strigHis, 256 strigillaria, 177 strigula, 238 strigida, 243 Strymonidia, 215 suasa, 245 subfulvata, 101 subfuscata, 100 sublustris, 254 subnotata, 104 subsericeata, 27, 200 subtusa, 253 subumbrata, 103, 205 succenturiata, 102 suffumata, 52 suspecta, 25 1 sylvata. A., 128, 207, 268 sylvata, H., 121, 206 sylvestraria, 25, 199 sylvestris, 210 sy Ivina, 178 Synanthedon, 191 syringaria, 139,207,268 tabaniformis, 190 taenialis, 263 tantillaria, 1 13, 267 tarsipennalis, 263 temerata, 171, 269 tenebrata, 258 tenebrosa, 253 tenuiata, 88, 204, 267 tersata, 68 testaceata, 121 testata, 54, 202 testudo, 188 Tethea, 240 Tetheella, 240 tetralunaria, 147, 208 thalassina, 245 Thalera, 8, 264 Thecla, 215 Thera, 60, 266 Theria, 172 Thetidia, 7, 264 Tholera, 246 Thumatha, 234 Thyatira, 240 THYATIRIDAE, 240 Thymelicus, 210 tiliae, 229 Timandra, 15 tipuliformis, 191 tithonus, 227 tityus, 230 t Ogata, 90 togata, 251 tragopoginis, 253 transversa, 250 transversata, 76, 203 trapezina, 254 trepida, 232 Trichiura, 239 Trichoplusia, 260 VII INDEX Trichopteryx, 124, 268 tridens, 252 trifolii, L., 239 trifoIii,Z., 185,209,270 trigemina, 261 trigeminata, 28, 200 Triphosia, 74 tripunctaria, 99, 205 Trisateles, 264 trisignaria, 94 tristata, 45 tritici, 241 truncata, 59 turca, 246 turfosaUs, 263 typica, 244 Tyta, 262 umbra, 259 umbratica, 248 unangulata, 77, 203 unanimis, 255 undulata, 73, 203, 267 unifasciata, 83 unipuncta, 247 urticae. A., 220 urticae, S., 237 Utetheisa, 236 valerianata, 93, 267 Vanessa, 220 varia, 243 variata=britannica, 62,202,266 v-ata, 114 venata, 211 venosata, 93, 204 venustula, 258 verbasci, 248 versicolor, 256 vespiformis, 192 vestigialis, 242 vetulata, 75, 203 villica, 237 viretata, 126, 206, 268 virgata, 34, 200 virgaureata, 109 virgulata, 17 virgulata, 26 viridaria, 262 viridata, 7 vitalbata, 67 viteUina, 247 vittata, 34, 200, 266 vulgata, 98, 205 vulpinaria, 24, 199, 265 w-album, 215 wauaria, 134 Xanthia, 251 Xanthorhoe, 37 xerampelina, 251 Xestia, 244 Zeuzera, 180 Zygaena, 184, 270 ZYGAENIDAE, 182,270 (supplement) (1> GEOMETRIDAE Archiearinae Archiearis parthenias L.: Orange Underwing. Native. Woods, heaths; on birch. Frequent and recorded from all divisions except 14, 16 (probably present in both), 2, 4, 9, 15. F. T. Grant (in litt.) writes that at Darenth Wood, “they occur only where birch and bracken are present together”. A. J. L. Bowes observes that at Denstroude, it flies very wildly, and early in the day comes to sallow catkins; and W. L. Rudland noted is at sallow, Wye, March 23, 1956. A. M. and F. A. Swain took larvae on birch at Petts Wood, 1951; and Scott (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1955: 73) records larvae beaten from birches. Bourne Wood, May 28, 1955. Kidner (Diary) noted larvae. St. Paul’s Cray Common, May 31, 1919, and at Farningham Wood, June 9, 1929. Variation. — In RCK are : ab. intermedia Lempke, Darenth Wood, one. 1924, I. Harman; ab. obscura Prout, North Kent, one, 1908, one, 1930. Eynsford, one, 1948. Hyatt (Entomologist, 83 : 93) records a specimen from Hayes Common, 1948, in which the hind wings are pale cream owing to an extreme scale deformity, but the forewings are normal. First Record, 1831 : “I have reared it from a larva taken at Darenth Wood” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 138); as “A. notha Hb.” (q.v.) in error, the two species having been transposed. A notha Hiibner; Light Orange Underwing. Native. Woods; on aspen. I. Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 137). West Wood and Shooters Hill, formerly (W. West, in Wool. Surv. (1909)). Bromley Common, c. 1935. “kicked aspen trunks one afternoon and took about 30 — they fluttered down in pairs” (W. A. Cope verbatim). Orpington, 1926, one only (F. D. Greenwood). Petts Wood, 1951, frequent; larvae on aspen (A. M. Swain). Between Farnborough and Chislehurst, one, March 23, 1945; one bred 1947 (S. F. P. Blyth). Farningham Wood (D. F. Owen). Woods near Bromley, flying plentifully, April 11, 13, 15, 20, 1948 (D. Lanktree). 3. Bysing Wood (H. C. Huggins). Kemberland, Broad Ooak, flying fairly numerously in the sun, 3-5 p.m., March 14-15, 1945, 12 taken, all (C.-H.). 5. Westerham (R. C. Edwards). 6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, loc. cit.); March 21-23, 1856 (Harding. Ent. week. Int., 1 : 11). Chattenden Roughs, rare (Chaney, 1883-87). 7. Detling, several, 1877 (Cave-Brown, Entomologist, 10: 162). West- well (Scott, 1936). 8. Elham (W. E. Busbridge). Rqinden Wood, four flying around sallow blossom, April 11, 1948 (A. M. Morley). West Wood, one, April 14, 1949 (Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1949-50: 39). II. Brethersden (G. V. Bull). Hoads Wood, April 15, 1954 (P. Cue): common, April 11, 1955 (W. D. Bowden); common, 1960 (M. Singleton). Aylesford, 1954 (G. A. N. Davis). Sevenoaks Weald, one, April 1959, twelve, April 7-17, 1960 (E. A, Sadler). 12. Long Rope, Orlestone, April 16, 1934, April 16, 1936, April 14-22, (2) (supplement) 1937; after dark sits curled up on aspen twigs (A. J. L. Bowes); imagines common, April 10, 1939, a larva on aspen, June 20, 1957 (C.-H.). Orlestone Woods, larvae quite common on larger aspens, June 3, 1965 (R. G. Chate- lain). 13. Tunbridge Wells district,* scarce (R. H. Rattray, in Knipe, 1916). Goudhurst, common (W. V. D. Bolt, pers. comm., 1961). First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit.; as A. parthenias (q.v.) in error, the two species being transposed. Oenochrominae AEsophila aescuiaria Denis & Schiffermuller: March-moth. Native. Woods, copses, hedgerows, bushy places, orchards; on oak, apple, cherry, plum, beech, hawthorn, maple. Frequent and found in all divisions. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908). The moth is aptly named, though frequently out by the end of February in Kent. In 1921, Kidner (Diary) observed one at Sidcup on January 21, and another in 1913, drying its wings on April 20; and in 1956, W. L. Rudland recorded having seen it at Willesborough as late as April 29. Theobald (J.S.-E. Agric. Coll, Wye, 1908 (17), 105) reported it as a fruit pest in Kent in 1908; and Massee (Rep. E. Mailing Res. Stn., Supplt, 1928-30: 198) states that “during 1930 this moth was found everywhere in Kent, especially in apple orchards, and in certain centres it caused nearly as much defoliation of apples as the Winter Moth”. I beat the larva at Little Hall Wood, Broad Oak, from young oaks in May 1947, and reared the insect (C.-H.); and Briggs (Rep. E. Mailing Res. Stn., 1955 : 143) records the larva as common at East Mailing on apple, cherry, and plum. D. R. M. Long has taken the larva on beech and hawthorn at Bromley, on oak at Ham Street, and on maple at Eynsford. First Record, 1861 : Lewisham (Fenn, Diary, 2.iv.l861). Geometrinae Aplasta ononaria Fuessly: Rest Harrow. Resident, perhaps native. Coastal sand-dune and chalk, shingle beach; on Ononis arvensis. Extremely local in 4, 8, 15; casual in 5, 16. A second generation, probably partial, was observed in 1945, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1952, and 1959. The species is not known to breed outside Kent, but odd imagines have occurred at Burley, Hants, 1909; Tilgate, Sussex, 1947; and Southsea, Hants, 1959. 4. Sandwich. — Has occurred on the sandhills in a number of scattered colonies ranging over a distance of about 3 miles, and except in 1947 when it appeared in the town, has never been taken more than a few hundred yards from the coastline. First noticed here on July 12, 1923, when H. G. Gomm (Entomologist, 57: 112) took a 9 on St. Georges golf-links. Not observed again in this division until June 20 1947, when R. P. Demuth (in litt.) saw about 20 at light and “many more sitting inverted on grass stems” just south of Princes Links Club House. On August 19, 1947, G. H. Youden (in litt.) found second generation insects on the sandhills and in the town : “they swarmed to my car lights and were flying round the street lamps at Sandwich — I must have seen over 100”; and this same observer writes that on June 26 that year, one was taken at the Deal end of the sandhills. ('supplement) (3) On July 2, 1949, in a small area of golf course rough, I counted some 70 imagines in about 2 hours, but noticed that the strength of this colony showed a marked decline in after years, and at the same time the Ononis at this spot tended to become overgrown by grasses and other plants (C.-H.). J. A. Parry (in litt.) found larvae plentifully in May 1948, on O. arvensis just north of the club-house, where he says they show a marked preference either for very young plants or those low on the ground, and in sheltered positions with sunny aspect. R. P. Demuth (in litt.) found larvae where he discovered the moth and says : “May 30, 1948 ... we got about 60 in two hours. It was sunny and they were sitting on the tops of the sprays of rest harrow . . . they varied from half to full grown”. In 1950, A. M. Morley noted a fresh 9 on September 16, an abnormally late date even for the second generation; and in 1959, P. B. Wacher observed second brood specimens plentifully on August 29. An exception- ally early occurrence is of a single 9 that I noted in 1952, on June 15 (C.-H.). The records show that ononaria was seen here annually from 1947-61; also most years since, though less numerously. 1963 : May 26, eight larvae (G. Haggett); June 30, July 14 (3) (P. Gummer). 1965 and 1966 : Several noted both years (B. K. West). 1967: July 2 (one) (C.-H.). 5. Westerham, one taken at house light, August 19, 1947 (R. C. Edwards). 8. The moth was first seen in Britain in 1866 by B. Piffard (Ent. mon. Mag., 3: 110), who wrote: “On or about the 18th of July last, I captured a specimen of A. ononaria in the Warren at Folkestone, amongst Ononis arvensis”. Folkstone. — 1869: July, two taken in the Warren by F. O. Standish (Standish, Entomologist, 4: 323). N.d. : F. O. Standish is stated to have taken another here (S. Webb teste Fenn, Diary, 19. ix. 1884; Briggs, Ent. Rec., 8: 13). 1871: June, 9 taken by W. Purdey (Purdey, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 92, Briggs, Entomologist, 29: 128). N.d.: Two taken by Mr. Floliday (Briggs, Ent. Rec., 8: 13). 1900: July 1, two taken in the Warren by J. P. Barrett (Porritt, Ent. mon. Mag., 53: 70). The species was not seen again at Folkestone until June 26, 1937. when A. M. Morley (Entomologist, 71 : 145) took three moths in the Warren, and during the following fevv^ days seven more, a number of ova, and on August 7 three larvae. The records show that except during the period 1941-44 when the area was closed to the public, ononaria was seen annually in the Warren from 1937-60 inclusive; and about 1948 at least nine colonies were known to exist over a range of about 2 miles, some of which were later obliterated by roadmaking and cliff falls. Though much less often noted during the past decade, the moth still occurs here, has almost certainly done so for at least the past thirty years, and indeed may well have been present at this locality for a very much longer period. Single specimens were observed by me, July 23, 1963, July 12, 1968 (C.-H.). Shepherdswell near Dover. — 1947, single specimens taken by G. H. Youden at light, August 18, 22 (G. H. Youden). 15. Dungeness. — 1932, one taken August 20 (Hughes, Entomologist, 69 : 107). 1934, one taken by R. P. Demuth, August 6 (R. P. Demuth in litt.) (1935 is given in error in Entomologist, 69: 107). Between New Romney and Dungeness, a “small colony was discovered on Romney Marsh” in (4) (supplement) 1949, by F. C. Stanley (Morley, Trans. Folkestone nat. Hist. Soc., 1949-50: 18). Lydd-on-Sea, one, July 3, 1957 (Wakely, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1957: 15). 16. Folkestone Town, one in m.v. trap, August 29, 1952 (Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1952-53: 42). [The following records need confirmation. Four in Burney coll. sale, erroneously stated to have been taken by Piffard, in the Warren, July 1866 (Entomologist, 27: 104, 135). One, “taken at Folkestone, 3rd August 1877 by C. Bailey”, in C. E. Fry sale, and previously unrecorded “wants looking into” (Entomologist, 29 : 127; Ent. Rec., 7 : 317). 9 > in Dale coll., labelled “Folkestone 1867 Mr. C. Woods” (Ent. mon. Mag., 45: 176)] Variation. — There is considerable variation in my series, particularly in regard to colouration. On the average, Folkestone specimens are noticeably darker than those from Sandwich, and ab. ruhraria Prout which has frequently occurred at Folkestone, is relatively seldom observed at Sandwich. On the other hand, I have a number of examples from Sandwich in which the normal dark suffusion is almost absent and the specimens are of a rather uniform ochreous appearance; and one from here in which the suffusion is markedly spotted and of a pale greyish- brown. Second generation specimens tend to be appreciably smaller and frequently show traces of a third forewing fascia, and in one such specimen from Folkestone this is quite clearly marked and thus conforms to ab. trifasciata Stauder. First Notice, 1866 : Piffard, loc. cit. Pseudoterpna pruinata Hufnagel ssp. atropunctaria Walker: Grass Emerald. Native. Heaths, gravel pits, shingle beach; on broom, gorse. Local, and mainly (if not wholly) absent from the chalk. Apparently a partial seco]id generation some years. 1 Near Sydenham, 1859 (Cox, Ent. week. Int., 6: 188). Chislehurst (Cockerell, Entomologist, IS: 233, 18: 56); (S. F. P. Blyth); larvae. May 22. 1920, June 8, 1926 (Kidner, Diary). Erith, common, July 5, 1883, common. June 29-July 29, 1884; St. Paul’s Cray, one, July 21, 1890 (Fenn, Diary). Shooters Hill; Blackheath; Lee; larvae on broom and furze (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 172). Dartford Heath (James, Entomologist, 25: 67); young larvae fairly plentiful, August 30, 1932 (Kidner, Diary); very common (B. K. West); 1953 (A. S. Wheeler). Bexley; Farnborough; Keston (Wool. Surv., 1909). Ruxley near Sidcup, larvae. May 10, 1927, May 25, 1928; Keston, larva, June 11, 1923 (Kidner, Diary). Hayes, five moths high up on pine trunks early one morning, odd ones since (W. A. Cope); one August 7, 1947 (J. F. Burton). Petts Wood, singletons at light annually, 1947-50 (E. Evans); one, July 25, 1953 (A. M. and F. A. Swain). West Wickham. 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell). Abbey Wood, 1952 (A. J. Showier). Bromley, 1959 (1), 1962 (1). 1963 (1), 1965 (4), 1966 (1) (D. R. M. Long). 3. Broad Oak, one at light (C.-H.). 4. Sandwich, one, 1964 (D. G. Marsh). 6a. Chattenden, one, July 16, 1869 (J. J. Walker MS.); (Chaney, 1884-87). Darenth Wood (G. Law). [Chattenden] (Porritt, Entomologist, 7: 181). Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). 7. Syndale Valley (H. C. Huggins). Boxley, one in Maidstone Museum (C.-H.); 1953 (A. H. Harbottle). 10. Brasted (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1901 : 23); (supplement) (5) locally common (R. M. Prideaux). Sevenoaks, July 18, 1920, July 24, 1922 (Gillett, Diary); one at light, August 1, 1948 (Busbridge, Diary). 11. Wateringbury (W. A. Cope); one bred 1912 (E. Goodwin coll.). Shipbourne, one, August 1914, in P. A. and D. J. A. Buxton coll. (C.-H.). Aylesford, common, 1953-54 (G. A. N. Davis); one, July 14, 1957, in G. A. N. Davis coll. (C.-H.). 12. Ham Street, July 1934, one (A. J. L. Bowes); one. July 12, 1946, one, July 30, 1951 (C.-H.); August 15-20, 1960 (C. R. Haxby and J. Briggs); June 24, 1953, June 25, July 1955, July 7, 1956 (W. L. Rudland); three larvae beaten from broom in Orlestone Woods, from which 1<^, 29$^ emerged 1960 (M. Singleton and M. Enfield). Willesborough, one, July 13, 1954 (W. L. Rudland). Ashford Warren, larvae on broom (E. Scott). 13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2 : 34). Tunbridge Wells (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2 : 229). 14. Hawkhurst, 1950, one at light, one at buddleia (B. G. Chatfield). 15. Dungeness — The species is perhaps more frequent here than anywhere else in the county, imagines being observed annually and in fair numbers flying over the shingle at dusk (C.-H.). Usually common in July (A. J. L. Bowes): several, September 8, 1934, “doubtless a second emergence” (de Worms, Entomologist, 68: 104); larva on broom, June 6, 1950, three imagines, June 6, 1950, one, September 22, 1955 (E. C. Pelham- Clinton); over 80 imagines, June 28-August 31, 1962, all in m.v. (R. E. Scott); larvae on gorse, 1966 <B. K. West). 16. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Variation. — Cockerell (Entomologist, IS: 56) records a •‘brown” ab., from Chislehurst. First Record, 1859 : Stainton, loc. cit. Geometra papiSionarla L.: Large Emerald. Native. Woods; on birch, hazel, alder. Fairly frequent in 1, 3, 6-8, 10-14; perhaps casual elsewhere. The imago is mainly observed at dusk or at light, and excepting the curious instance cited in the First Record, appears never to have been noted really plentiful). Beale (Zoologist, 4130) records once taking it at sugar at Tenterden. The larva which is best searched for and not beaten owing to its tenacity, chiefly occurs on birch, but l:.as also been noted on hazel bv E. A. Sadler at Sevenoaks Weald, and on alder by S. Wakely near Tunbridge Wells. 4. Ickham, occasionally, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). 15. Dymchurch, one, 1952 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 65: 43). 16. Lympne (Heitland, Entomologist, 31 : 221). Folkestone Towm, two (5, 1955 (A. M. Morley). First Record, 1831 : “Occasionally, Darenth-w'ood; once in a lane near Birch-w’ood I saw many dozens of the wings, several in fine condition strewn about under an old oak” [probably the work of bats — C.-H.] (Stephens, Haust., 3: 178). CcmIljaeBia pustuiata Hufnagel: Blotched Emerald. Native. Woods; on oak. Probably casual in 4, 15. 1. Recorded from many localities in this division in the past. Recent occurrences are: Petts Wood, at light, two, 1947, one, 1949 (E„ Evans); 1948 (6) (supplement'- (A. M. and F. A. SwainL West Wickham, 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell); two, at m.v. light, July 1, 1963 (C.-H.). Abbey Wood, one, 1951 (A. J. Showier). Bexley, six, June 13, 1952 (A. Heselden) Sparrow Common, larva (Haynes, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1955; 88). Blackheath. one, i960 (A. A. Allen). Bromley, in m.v. trap, 1960 (4), 1961 (5), 1962 (5), 1963 (5), 1964 (5). 1965 (7), 1966 (2) (D. R. M. Long). 3. Bysing Wood (H. C. Huggins). Clangate Wood, Sturry, one bred June 28, 1932, from beaten larva (Busbridge, Diary). Thornden Wood, one. June 11, 1933 (A. J. L. Bowes). Den Grove, frequent at light and flying at dusk, 1934 and subsequent years (C.-H.). 4. Ickham, occasionally, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). 5. Downe (de Worms. Lond. Nat., 1956: 62). 6. Longfield (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (54), ii). Fawkham (E. J Hare). 6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens. Haust., 3: 181); six June 25. 1925 (F. T. Grant); (E. J. Hare); odd specimens (B. K. West). Greenhithe (Hodgkinson, Zoologist, 2328). Swanscombe Wood (Ent. mon. Mag., 1 ; 190) Chattenden, one. July 16, 1869 (J. J. Walker MS.); (Chaney, 1884-87), common, June 17, 1893 (Fenn, Diary). 7. Wigmore (Chaney, 1884-87). 8. Folkestone Warren, a few (Knaggs, 1870). Wye* (C. A. Duffield) Elham; Dover (W. E. Busbridge). Gorsley Wood, one, c. 1946 (R. Gorer). Near Waldershare (E. & Y., 1949). 10. Brasted. one (R. M. Prideaux). Sevenoaks, June 24, 1920 (Gillett, Diary); (W. E. Busbridge). 11. Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908). Brook Street Wood, larva beaten from oak, 1931 (F. D. Greenwood). Hoads Wood (G. V. Bull); (P. Cue). Tonbridge, about 12 at light, 1939 (H. E. Hammond). Sevenoaks Weald, two at m.v.L, June 18. 24, 1959, four, July 8-14, 1960 (E. A. Sadler). 12. Ham Street, common at light about 12.30 a.m., June 30. 1934 (A. J. L. Bowes); frequent in Orlestone Woods (C.-H.); common, 1959-60 (M. Singleton). Willesborough, singletons, 1955-56, 1958; Wye. one, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Chartham (P. B. Wacher). West Ashford, one at light, 1959 (M. Enfield). 13. Pembury (Stamton, Man., 2; 36). Tunbridge Wells, one, 1958 (L. R. Tesch per C. A. Stace). Goudhurst, three at light, 1958 (W. V. D. Bolt). 14. Tenterden (Stainton, loc. cit). Iden Green, one at light. 1950 (H Boxall). Hawkhurst, several at light, 1952-53 (B. G. Chatfield). 15. Dungeness, one, June 30, 1953 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 66; 109). Variation. — Ab. stigmatisata Stauder, a cj which I took at Long Rope Wood, Orlestone. July 2, 1946 conforms to this very scarce form, though I have numerous examples from the same locality that are transitional to it (C.-H.). Evans i Entomologist , 80: 286) records a pink form from Petts Wood; and I have one that is similar; both are apparently referable to ab. rosea Cockayne (C.-H.). First Record, 1775 : “Oak of honor by Peckham” (Flarris, Aurelian’s Pocket Companion, 31). This may possibly refer to Surrey, in which case the first record will date from 1830 ; Birch V/ood (Curtis, Br. Ent., 300). (supplement > 7) Thetidia smaragdaria Fabricms ssp. maritima Prout: Essex Emerald. Native. Salt marsh borders: on Artemisia maritima. Casual in 12. Note : The casual occurrence of this and another salt marsh species, Agdistis hennetii Curtis, in the valley of the Stour (div. 12) is very remarkable (C.-H.). 2. Queenborough. one, July 5, 1856 (T. Ingall Diary, teste South Entomologist, 28: 44>. Sheerness Dockyard, 1872 a forewing only (Walker, Ent. mon., Mag., 9; 163j. Near Sheerness, one rather worn, taken July 1, 1873 (Hodgson, Ent. mon. Mag., 10; 180). Gravesend to Sheerness (1896, Tutt. Br. Moths, 249 > (I know of no instance of the occurrence of smaragdaria west of Sheppey — C.-H.). Leysdown, commmn, about thirty bred 1920, from 1919 larvae; larvae again common 1922; Harty Ferry, one (H. C. Huggins). Queensbridge, Sheppey, June 24, 1938, June 30, 1947, June 24, 1949; a larva. May 3. 1948 (R. C. Edwards). Shellness, several larvae, August 25. 1950 (S. Wakely; Edwards, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat Hist. Soc., 1951-52; 27). Queensbridge, Sheppey, one, June 1950, one, June 28, 1952 (G. Law). Graveney, three larvae on A. maritima, taken by P. Cue, September 12, 1957 (P. Cue); is the only confirmed occurrence of this species on the mainland of Kent known to me apart from the casual appearance in div. 12 (C.-H.). [4. Deal (1871, Morris, Br. Moths, 1 ; 138».] 12. Chartham, a single r7 taken by P. B. Wacher at m.v.l., July 13, 1955 (P. B. Wacher). Vaeiation. — Edwards (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.. 1951-52: 27i exhibited a “bluish” eh. from Sheppey. First Notice. 1856 : Ingall, teste South, loc. cit. Hemithea aestivaria Hiibner: Common Emerald. Native. Woods, copses, parks, gardens; on hawthorn, birch, sallow, Rhamnus catharticus, Spanish chestnut, currant. Frequent and found in all divisions. “Generally common” (V.C.H. (1908)). The moth normally appears at the end of June, and continues on the wing throughout the first fortnight or three weeks of July; in 1963 however, W. L. Rudland noted one at Willesborough on September 12. which was perhaps a second generation specimen. The larva has been noted on hawthorn at Iwade (div. 2) (B. K. West), on birch and hawthorn at Bromley, on sallow at Crofton (D. R. M. Long); and once on Rhamnus catharticus at Lydden (div. 8), May 21, 1950, from which I reared the imago (C.-H.). It has also occurred plentifully at Pine Wood (div. 3) on Spanish chestnut (J. A. Parry); and a young larva was taken on currant, Sidcup, October 9, 1937 (Kidner, Diary First Record, 1844: Charlton sand-pit (Bedell, Zoologist, 735). Chlorissa viridata L.: Small Grass Emerald Resident? Woods. The locations rather suggest that the moth may be a temporary resident or casual adventive from Surrey and Sussex. 10. Westerham (Carrington, Entomologist. 19: 202). 12. Ham Street Woods, one taken by C. A. W. Duffieid, May 31. 1949 (Scott, 1950). 13. Tunbridge Wells, 1891 (Beeching, Eni. Rec.. 2 229) . [(Folkestone, 1912 (Rait-Smith, Ent. Rec. 25 174): determination erroneous (W. Rait-Smith, in litt.).)] {8) (supplement) First Record, 1866 : Between Westerham and Crockham Hill not far from the Schoolhouse “on the sloping bank as we leave the thicker shrub, I have taken several good species, such as Nemoria viridata. . . (Carrington, loc. cit.). Thalera fimbrialis Scopoli: Sussex Emerald. Resident. Shingle beach; on yarrow, gorse. 15. Dungeness. — Has occurred over a range of some three miles of of shingle, but seems chiefly to be located in the region of the old light- house, and so far as is known its distribution does not reach Greatstone, Lydd, or the Hope and Anchor. Is decidedly local, apparently prefering places in which there is considerable growth of Arrhenatherum elatius, upon the stems of which the imago has frequently been found resting at night. The species was first discovered on July 28, 1950, by A. M. Morley and G. H. Youden. close to the old level crossing; and with D. G. Marsh and C. G. M. de Worms, a total of 8 (S d and 8 9 9 fiad been taken by August 6 (Morley et. al., Proc. S. Lond. ent. mat. Hist. Soc., 1950-51 : 36, 50-52; Morley and Youden, Ent. Gaz.. 3: 193). On August 4, 1951, working independently of the above. I found the insect in fair numbers, including some just emerged, in a very restricted locality not far from the light- house, also at m.v.l. by the old Pilot Inn. as well as odd ones elsewhere iC.-H., Ent. Rec., 64: 10). The species has probably been seen annually since 1950, indeed, we have records of its occurrence for almost every year following its dis- covery, and the indications are that it is fairly v/ell established. The following are among the records — 1954, in some numbers (P. B. Wacher); 1955 (R. F. Birchenough); 1956, July 28 <W. L. Rudland); 1957 (P. Cue), July 28 (A. E. Gardner); 1958 ^P. Cue); 1959 (A. L. Goodson); 1963, three 9 9, July 18 (C.-H.); 1964, July 17 (R. G. Chatelain); 1965, seventeen July 11 (1). 13 (1). 19 (3). all at m.v.l. (R. E. Scott); 1968. at Boulderwall, including several just emerged, August 3-5 (C.-H.); 1967, at Boulderwall, July 19 (3), 21 (1), August 23 (1), all at m.v.l. (R. E. Scott). The moth normally reaches optimum numbers about August 1, but in 1952 was seen on the wing as early as June according to Kettlewell (in Ent. Rec., 65: 305), yet was still out and in good condition on July 25 that year (C.-H., Entomologist, 86: 106). The feral larva was first discovered in 1952 by H. B. D. Kettlewell, who noticed several among yarrow heads collected in August that year; and on June 2, 1953, found others “over a considerable area of the Ness", some of which were full grown (Kettlewell, Ent. Rec., 65 : 305-307). Also found by R. F. Bretherton, who took two on yarrow, September 24, 1955, and three at night. June 3, 1956; and by A. L. Goodson, who took two on yarrow, September 19, 1960. The species is clearly not confined to yarrow, and about 10 p.m. on August 3, 1965, it was an interesting experience to find a Q ovipositing in the wild on gorse, two ova being laid close to a top shoot, both of which duly hatched on August 14, together with a number of others laid subsequently by the same individual m captivity (C.-H., Ent. Rec., 77: 228). First Record, 1950: A. M. Morley and G. H. Youden. (supplement) (9) I Hemistola chrysoprasaria Esper; Small Emerald. I Native. Hedges, copses, wood borders; on Clematis vitalba. Mainly on the chalk, where it is locally plentiful in lanes and on downs. Recorded from all divisions, except that it is notably absent from 9. Apparently scarce or casual in 2-4, 10-16. “Generally distributed on the chalk” (V.C.H., 1908). Obs. — On September 7, 1947, in the town of Bromley (div. 1), W. A. Cope and I beat ninety larvae from one roadside C. vitalha bush (C.-H.); F. T. Grant (in litt.) states that he found 26 larvae at Whitehill (div. 6) on May 25, 1916, having spotted them by the “partly eaten half-withered leaf”; and Green (Ent. Rec., 53: 79) records taking full fed larvae in Kent on July 11, a very late date. 2. Dartford district (B. K. West). 3. Whitstable, one taken by D. Pierce, c.1948 (C.-H.). Eddington at light, July 5, 1949; three, 1951 (D. G. Marsh). 4. Ickham, occasionally, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). 10. Sevenoaks, one at light, July 19, 1947 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary). 11. Sevenoaks Weald, one, July 25, 1960 (E. A. Sadler). 12. Ashford Town. June 30, 1938 (E. Scott); 1954, 1955 (P. Cue). Char- tham (P. B. Wacher). Willesborough, one in m.v.t., July, 1961 (M. Single- ton); two, 1963 (W. L. Rudland). 13. Goudhurst, frequent at m.v.l. (W. V. D. Bolt, pers comm., 1961). 14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). 15. Dymchurch (Wakely, Ent. Rec. 65; 44). Greatstone, one, July 21, 1963 (C.-H.). 16. Folkestone Town (Morley, Ent. Rec., 64: 171). Variation. — Bowman (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1915-16: 129) exhibited two abs., bred from. Kent larvae, in which the transverse lines converge; and Wright tProc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1962: 53) two taken near Ashford, August 5, 14, 1962, in which much of the green scaling is replaced by cream. In RCK, is one with “transverse lines approximated,” “North Kent/ 1918/L. W. Newman”; and one with basal line almost absent, “North Kent/vii 1927/L. W. Newman.” An ab. having converging cross-lines and partly united with white suffusion on forewing, bred by B. K. West, Dartford, 1946. is the holotype of ab. confracta (C.-H., Entomologist, 94: 283, pit. 7, fig. 8), First Record, 1794; "Phalaena Lucidata, Dartford Emerald Moth . . woods about two or three miles beyond Dartford, particularly on the skirts of Darnwood and near the banks of the Thames at Queenhithe” (Donovan, Nat. Hist. Br. Ins., 3; 67). Jodis lactearia L.: Little Emerald Native. Woods and their vicinity; on birch, Spanish chestnut. Re- corded from all divisions except 5, 16 (doubtless present), 9, 15. Generally less frequent now in 1 than formerly; few records for 4. “Generally com- mon” (V.C.H., 1908). The larva was taken on birch, Brasted Chart (div. 10), September, 1912, and reared (Gillett, Diary); and at Wateringbury (div. 11) I took a number on Spanish chestnut in 1964 and 1965, and reared them (C.-H.). 1. Recent records are: — Joydens Wood (B. K. West). Falcon Wood, Shooters Hill, one. May 28, 1947 (J F, Burton) Abbey Wood, at light. (10) (supplement) 1951 (A. J. Showier). Farningham Wood, several, June 22, 1955 (A. A Alien). Hayes (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956; 62). . 4. Ickham, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). First Record, 1859: Tenterden, abundant (Stainton, Man., 2: 36), Sterrhinae Cycicphora pendularia Clerck: orbicularia Hiibner; Dingy Mocha Native, probably now long extinct. Woods; foodplant unrecorded. Note : It is now more than 60 years since this species was last seen in the county. 1. “Woods near Frith” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 199). Deptford, “ I used to take it on the palings of my garden at Deptford forty years ago and it was then reckoned a great rarity; there was a rope-walk immediately adjoining the garden, and a double row of willows seven hundred yards in length” (E. Newman, III. Nat. Hist. Br. Moths, 73). Lee, one taken by C. Fenn, on a lamp, August 23, 1862 (Fenn. Diary). Near Plumstead, taken by B. A. Bower, pre. 1909 (H. C. Huggins). Blackheath, one; West Wickham (V.C.H., 1908); H. C. Huggins tells me possibly the Blackheath record is based upon Bower’s capture (C.-H.). 6. Longfield, one emerged August 4, 1876, from a larva that was beaten out (Jennings, Entomolgist, 9: 208). 6a. Chattenden Roughs, rare, May and August (Chaney, Rochester Nat., 1885 : 9). [13. Tunbridge Vv/'ells, a doubtful record (Knipe, 1916)]. 14. Tenterden, two by beating (in 1853) (Beale, Zoologist, 4130), First Record, 1831 ; Stephens, loc. cit. G. anniilata Schulze; Mocha Native, woods, copses; on maple. Perhaps now extinct in 1. 1. West Wickham, 1859 (Barrett, Ent. week. Int., 7: 75); one (Lockyer, Young Nat., 8: 104). Shooters Hill Wood, two. May 28-June 2, 1863; Bos- tall Heath, August 11, 1863, August 19, 1865; Joydens Wood, one, August 11, 1875, one, September 3, 1888 (Fenn, Diary). Derrick Wood, fairly common (W. Barnes in Wool. Surv., 1909). Sidcup, one, July 23, 1911 (Kidner, Diary). Bexley (V.C.H., 1908). 3. Blean Woods, one. May 26, 1866 (Fenn, Diary). Herne Bay, one; Pine Wood, one (D. G. Marsh). Den Grove, larva beaten from maple, June, 1939; three imagines May 13-14, one. May 22, 1944; one. May 24, 1953 (C.-H.). 5. Westerham (R. C. Edwards). 6. Longfield (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (54), ii). Greenhithe (A. B. Farn MS.). Eynsford, 9. June 22, 1902 (Shaw, Trans .Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1902; 17). Fawkham, larva (E. J. Hare). 6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 199); (Curtis, Br. Ent., 447); May 31, 1863 (Fenn, Diary); (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 172). Greenhithe, May, 31, 1859 (Fenn, Diary). Cobham Great Wood, May 23, 1868 (J. J. Walker MS.). Chattenden, June 2, July 26, 1869 (J. J. Walker MS.); 1894 (Gurney, Proc. Nonpareil ent. nat. Hist. Soc., for September 20, 1894, in Entomolo- gist, 27 : 360); 1895 (Rose, Ent. Rec., 7 : 22); larvae abundant, September 17, 1911 (Kidner, Diary); May 25 (16), June 1 (5), July 27, 1912; May 16. 1919; May 26, 1923, May 26, 1925, June 6, 1927 (F. T. Grant); 1949 (S. Wakely). [Chattenden] (Entomologist, 13: 163); three at sugar, August (supplement) (11) 1896 (Turner, Proc. S. Land. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1896: 57); (Ent. Rec., 1 64, 5: 221); Chaney, 1884-87). 8 Folkestone, woods (Knaggs, 1870). Woolwich Wood, one, June 3. 1900; three. May 27, three, June 5, 1901 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary; Stockwell. Entomologist, 34: 26); one, June 20, 1954 (W. D. Bowden). Shepherdswell: Temple Ewell; Whitfield (E. & Y., 1949). Elham, one at acetylene lighl at Wingmore, June 30, 1934 (W. E. Busbridge Diary). Covert Wood, June 13, 1949 (G. H. Youden). Womenswold, July 1, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). Haddling Wood, 9, May 10, 1952 (D. G. Marsh, Dairy). 10. Seal (Carrington, Entomologist, 31 : 76). Wateringbury, 1901 (E. Goodwin, MS); (V.C.H., 1908). Shipbourne (P. A. & D. J. A. Buxton coll.). Aylesford, one, 1954 (G. A. N. Davis). 12. Ham Street, May 24, 1935, one by A. M. Morley (Scott, 1936); one. May 27, 1954 (E. J. Hare); July 28, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton). 13. Pembury, common (Stainton, Man., 2: 39). Bidborough (Knipe. 1916). 14. Tenterden, common (Stainton, Man., 2: 39). Woodchurch, one. August 6, 1899 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary). Sandhurst, 1930; at light. August 20, 1945; August 2, 1948, also at light (G. V. Bull). 16. Folkestone, one, 1934 (A. Riddell teste A. M. Morley); two at m.v.l. in the town, August 24, 1952 (A. M. Morley). Variation. — Riding (Ent. Rec., 11 : 213) records one taken at Tunbridge Wells, by C. E Partridge, c. 1894, which conforms to ab. obsoleta Riding. According to Barrett (Lepidoptera of the British Isles, 7 : 317), in the Dover district, S. Webb found a race producing a variety of forms in some of which the cross-lines were much intensified and blackened (cf. Barrett, op. cit., pit. 327, figs. 2a, 2b). The following named abs. are in RCK : — sertaria Dannehl. “Dover/ 21, 26.vii.l877/S. Webb” (2); “Dover/27.iii.l878/S. Webb (2, one of which figured in Barrett); “Caught Chattenden/7.6.77/S. Webb” (1). fasciata Lempke, “Chattenden/21.5.1900” (1). extenuata Dannehl, “Bexley bred 1900/brood 2/L. W. Newman” (1). A remarkable melanic ab., taken at Pegwell Bay (div. 4 or 9) bj^ Dudley Wright, September 1896, and thought to be either this species or an “Acidalia”, was exhibited by E. E. Green, at Entomological Society of London, November 4, 1896 (Goss, Entomologist, 29: 371). First Record, 1809 : “Habitat in Cantio frequens . . .” (Haworth, Lep. Brit., 2: 312). C. albipunctata Hufnagel: pendularia sens, auct.; Birch Mocha Native. Woods, heaths; on birch. Recorded many times from 1. 6a (Darenth Wood), 11-13. A. M. and F. A. Swain took the larva on birch at Petts Wood, in 1951; and D. R. M. Long took it on this at Crofton. A. R. Kidner (Diary) records taking the larva on the following dates : Darenth, September 24. 1909, September 25, 1910, September 26, 1913; Joydens Wood, September 25, 1911; St. Paul’s Cray Common, September 27, 1909, September 2, 1911. August 31, 1912, August 2, 1913, September 15, 1922, September 20, 1928 September 21, 1936; Darenth. October 2, 1931. In 1957, R. F. Bretherton took a moth at Orlestone Woods on Septem- ber 22, an abnormally late date, and perhaps representing a partial second generation. (12) ( supplement) 3. Blean Woods, pair in cop., May 18, 1866 (Fenn, Diary). 5. Derrick Wood*; Farnborough* {Wool. Surv., 1909). 6. Greenhithe (A. B. Farn MS). 7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). 8. Horndean Wood (Knaggs, 1870). Woolwich Wood, two. May 2o, 1896; four, June 5, one, June 9, 1901 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary). Dover, one, 1911, in Stockwell coll. (C.-H.). 10. Westerham (R. C. Edwards). Sevenoaks, a larva, 1946 (F. D. Greenwood). 14. Tenterden, very common (Stainton, Man., 2: 39). Woodchurch I Scott, 1950). 15. Lydd Village, August 1965 (D. W. H. ffennell). 16. Folkestone Town (Morley, Ent. Rec., 64: 171). Variation. — Barrett (Lep. Br. Is., 7: 325) mentions specimens from Dover, with “dark purple blotches along hind margin.” An extreme melanic specimen, bred by a Mr. Shrosbree from Birch Wood larva, was exhibited by C. Miller at Entomological Society of Lon- don, October 7, 1861, and became the holotype of ab. decoraria Newman (cf. Newman, Zoologist, 7798; Bond, Entomologist, 9: 217; Prout, Ento- mologist, 53 : 53), W. A. Cope took a 9 ah. suhroseata Woodforde, on Bromley Common. May 1948, from which a number of this ab. appeared in the F2 genera- tion, among many typical specimens (C.-H.). In RCK are the following abs. : — unicoloria Lamb., two, Darenth, 1900, bred; striata Lempke, one, “Kent/Harwood/13.v.l903,” one, “North Kent /V.1929/L. W. Newman,” one, “Bexley/June 19u6/L. W. Newman”; linearia Lamb., one, “North Kent/7. 1929/L. W. Newman,” one, “Darenth fored/5.90.” First Record, 1833: Birch Wood (Curtis, Br. Ent., 447). C. pupillaria Hiibner: Blair’s Mocha Immigrant? Gardens. 6. Otford, c?, taken by W. B. Manley in m.v. trap, August 22, 1955 ‘('Manley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nut. Hist. Soc., 1956: 1; idem. Entomologist, 89: 121); one, 1959 (French, Entomologist, 95: 176). 16. Folkestone Town, (^ , taken in m.v. trap, October 3, 1962 (Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nut. Hist. Soc., 1962: 42). First Record, 1956 : Manley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nut. Hist. Soc., 1956: 1. C. porata L.: False Mocha Native. Woods; on oak. Casual in 2. 1. Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 200). Sydenham (Cox, Ent. week. Int., 6: 188). West Wickham (Barrett, Ent. week, Int., 7: 75); (Allchin, Ent. week. Int., 8: 3); (Carr, Entomologist, 34: 108). Dartford (James, Entomologist, 31: 57). Bexley (Carr, Entomologist, 33: 47; idem. Ento- mologist, 34: 108). Shooters Hill; Lee; Lewisham; Derrick Woo^-: Black- heath (Wool. Surv., 1909). Sidcup, one, 1912; Bexley Park Wood, one. 1912 (A. R. Kidner, Diav'). Chislehurst (S. F. P. Blyth). Petts Wood, 1951, larvae on oak (A. M. and F. A. Swain). 2. Sheerness, one. May 25, 1868 (J. J. Walker MS.). 3. Blean Woods, one, May 13. one. May 31, 1866 (Fenn, Diary); on ' (supplement) (13) June 9, two, June 11, 1934 (T. G. Edwards, Diary). Chestfield, August 14, 1939; Whitstable, one, 1943 (P. F. Harris). Great Elall Wood, 2. beaten from cover, June 29, 1946 (C.-H.). 5. Chevening, September 16, 1912 (Gillett, Diary). 6. Gravesend (H. C. Huggins). Shoreham* (H. E. Hammond). 6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, loc. cit.); May 29, 1859 (H. Tomkins, Diary); two, July 26, 1911 (F. T. Grant). Greenhithe, May 23, 1859 (Fenn, Diary). Chattenden, several, 1869 (J. J. Walker MS.); two larvae. September 17, 1911 (A. R. Kidner, Diary); 1912, 1927 (F. T. Grant). Swanscombe Wood, larvae (F. T. Grant). Cobham (H. C. Huggins). 7. Chilham, June 10, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). 8. Horndean Wood (Knaggs, 1870). (Folkestone (V.C.H., 1908), may refer). Woolwich Wood, one, June 5. one, June 9, 1901 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary; Stockwell coll.) Dover. (E. & Y., 1949), may refer). 10. Brasted Chart, September 4, 1912, August 16, 1913 (Gillett, Diary), Westerham (R. C. Edwards). 11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Shipbourne, one, August 20. 1914 (P. A. D. J. A. Buxton coll.). Hoads Wood (P. Cue). Ayiesford, 1953. 1954 (G. A. N. Davis). 12. Ashford* (Chittenden, Proc. S. Loud. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 18S9 107); noted in the town by P. Cue (E. Scott). Ham Street, June 1, August 18, 1935, August 20, 1939 (A. J. L. Bowes); de Worms, Entomologist, 81 : 140); not uncommon in Long Rope and adjacent woods, 1939, 1946-51 (C.- H.); June 2-4, 1950, June 1-2, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton); 1958, (de Worms, Entomologist, 92: 69); four. May 13, 1960 (R. G. Chatelain). Wye, one. May 27, two, August 12-14, 1953, one, August 5. 1954, one. May 25, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). 13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 1 ; 38). Tunbridge Wells one. August 3, 1896 at field meeting of N. London Nat. Hist. Soc. (Tremayne, Ent. Rec., 8: 191); rather scarce (Knipe, 1916). Goudhurst, one. 1960 (W. V. D. Bolt). 14. Tenterden (Stainton, Man., 2: 38). Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). Wood- church, six, August 6, 1899 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary). 16. Folkestone Town (A. M. Morley). Priory Wood, two, June 19, 1965 <R. G. Chatelain). Variation. — I have examples of abs. rubearia Lamb., linearia Lamb., and punctularia Lamb., from Kent (C.-H.); and Morley (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1947-48: 33) exhibited rubearia Lamb., and linearia Lamb., from Ham Street dist. The following named abs. are in RCK : delinearia Silb., Herne Bay, bred May 29, 1906, L. B. Prout (1); uniformata Lempke, Yalding, 1900 (1). basirubra Cockayne, holotype, Eynsford, July 1900, J. Greenwood (D; rubearia Lamb., North Kent, 1917, L. W. Newman (3), Bexley, bred 1901, L. W. Newman (1); linearia Lamb., Herne Bay, bred 1906, L. B. Prout (D, Erith, 1900, Goddard (1). First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit. C. punctaria L.: Maiden’s Blush Native. Woods; on oak, birch. 1. West Wickham (Barrett, Ent. week. Ini., 7 : 75); larvae on birch and oak (Huckett, Ent. week. Int., 10: 51); 1893 (Robinson, Entomologist, 26: 224); 1900 (Carr, Entomologist, 34: 108); 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell). Bexley (Carr, Entomologist, 33: 47; idem.. Entomologist, 34: 108); one. (14) (supplement) June 24, 1951, one. May 15, two, August 29, 1952 (A. Heselden). Kidbrook: Lee; Shooters Hill; Derrick Wood, Farnborough; Beckenham (Wool. Surv.. 1909). Chislehurst (S. F. P. Blyth), Petts Wood, 1946 (A. M. and F. A. Swain); annually 1947-50 (E. Evans). Crofton, larva on oak (D. R. M. Long). Well Wood, two, 1948 (C.-H.). Dartford, odd specimens seen most years (B. K. West) Farningham Wood, larva (Haynes, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1951-52: 81) Shooters Hill Wood, one. May 15. 1956 (A. A. Allen). Orpington (R. G. Chatelain). 3. Blean Woods, one. May 31, 1866 (Fenn, Diary). Herne, one, June 4, 1937 (P. F. Harris). 4. Deal, one, August 22, 1892 (Fenn, Diary). Ickham, several, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). 6. Gravesend (H. C. Huggins). Shoreham* sparingly (H. E. Hammond' 6a. Greenhithe, May 23, 1859 (Fenn, Diary). Darenth Wood, May 28. 1859 (H. Tompkins, Diary); larvae (Huckett, loc. cit.); (H. C. Huggins); (E. J. Hare). C'hattenden, June 2, 1869 (J. J. Walker MS.); (Chaney, 1884-87); (H. C. Huggins); June 10, 1927 (F. T. Grant). Cobham (H. C. Huggins). 7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, loc. cit.). Westwell, May 29, 1949 (E. Scott). 8. Lady Wood (Knaggs, 1870) (Folkestone (V.C.H., 1908), may refer). Kingsdown (Tutt, Entomologist, 20; 227). Woolwich Wood, one, June 9. 1901 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary). Dover, two, 1910 (H. D. Stockwell coll.). Lords Wood (E. & Y., 1949). 9. Cliftonville, one, September 5, 1950 (W. D. Bowden). 10. Brasted (R. M. Prideaux). Westerham (R. C. Edwards); May 8 1937 (Coote and Jacobs, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1937-38: 37). 11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Aylesford, two, 1952-53 (G. A. N. Davis). Floads Wood (P. Cue, teste E. Scott); larvae (M. Enfield). 12. Ham Street (Scott, 1936); not common in Long Rope, 1946-51 (C.- H.); (de Worms, Entomologist, 81 : 140); June 2, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton): one, July 1959, common, May 1960 (M. Singleton). Ashford, 1950 (E. Scott). Willesborough, one, May 25, one, June 4, two, August 22, 1954, one, June 5, 1955, one, July 27, 1964 (W. L. Rudland). 13. Pembury, common (Stainton, Man., 2: 38). Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan); one, 1957, one, 1958, (L. R. Tesch per C. A. Stace). Goudhurst, one, 1950 (W. V. D. Bolt). Iden Green, two, 1951 (H. Boxall). 14. Tenterden, common (Stainton, loc. cit.). Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). Hawkhurst, one 1952 (B. G. Chatfield). 15. Dymchurch (G. V. Bull). Dungeness, June 13, 1962 (T. W. Har- man). 16. Near Hythe (Morley, 1931). Folkestone, seventeen, 1951 (Morley Ent. Rec., 64: 171). Folkestone*, October 12 (2), 14 (1) 1959 (French. Entomologist, 59 : 177). Variation. — In RCK, is ab. erythrescens Preiss, “*Dartford 4.5.1900’" (1); and I have one. Ham Street, August 1946, which I judge to be refer- able to ab. naevata Bastelh. (C.-H.). First Record, 1859; Stainton, loc. cit. C. linearia Hiibner: Clay Triple-lines Native. Woods; on beech. 1. Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 201). West Wickham (Robinson, Entomologist, 26 : 224); (Wells, Ent. Rec., 3 : 35). Pauls Cray Common. LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (15) larvae (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc. 1900: 18). Derrick Wood (.Wool Surv., 1909). Beckenham, an ab., October 20, 1910 (Blenkarn, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1910-11 : 146). Orpington, 1954 (L. W. Siggs). Bromley, one in m.v. trap. May 23, 1964 (D. R. M. Long). 3. Blean, May 31, 1866 (Fenn, Diary); June 1894 (S. Wacher MS); (W. A. Cope). Canterbury, June 1894 (S. Wacher MS.). Church Wood, one, June 9, 1925, two, June 28, 1929 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). East Blean Wood, one, c. 1935; Broad Oak, May 29, 1937 (C.-H.). Herne Bay, one, 1947 (D. G. Marsh). 5. Chevening, August 29, 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 192^-25: 107); (G. V. Bull); (R. C. Edwards). Biggin Hill (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 70). 6. Longfield (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (54), ii). Otford (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1902: 50). Shoreham, larva, September 17, 1932 (A. R. Kidner, Diary); sparingly (H. E. Hammond); 1949 (L. W. Siggs); larva on beech (D. R. M. Long). 7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). Sharsted (H. C. Huggins). West- well, July 15, 1934 (A. J. L. Bowes); June 12, 1938; sometimes common (E. Scott); several, 1960 (M. Enfield). Eastwell (P. Ctie). 8. Kearsney, two, June 5, one, June 30, 1895. one. May 23, 1897 (H. D. Stockweil, Diary). Dover, five, bred (FI. D. Stockwell coll.). Wye Crown, one, July 15, 1925 (H. G. Gomm, Diary); several, June 4, 1938 (C.-H.F Brook (C. A. W. Duffield). Waldershare (E. & Y., 1949). 9. Margate, one, June 23, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). 10. Sevenoaks (V.C.H., 1908); June 22, 1919 (Gillett, Diary); 1949 (F. D. Greenwood). Brasted Chart, larva, 1913, larva, 1916 (Gillett, Diary). River Hill (G. V. Bull). 11. Wateringbury, 1901 (Goodwin MS). Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). 12. “Woods of the Weald”* (Scott, 1936). Wye, one, August 19, 1953, one, August 26, 1955, one, May 28, one, July 14, 1956; Willesborough, one, July 4, 1957 (W. L. Rudland). Ham Street, August 15-20, 1960 (C. R. Haxby and J. Briggs). 13. Pembury (Stainton, 1859). Tunbridge Wells district*, common among beeches (Knipe, 1916). 16. Near Hythe (Morley, 1931). Folkestone, one, 1954 (R. W. Faw- throp teste A. M. Morley); one C- July 19. 1959 (Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1959: 43). Variation. — Prout (Proc. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1908-9) records an ab. from Ashford district, with “central line much broadened and ac- centuated in colour”; and Turner (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1925- 26 : 68) exhibited one from Westerham, with obsolescent transverse lines. I have a remarkable ab. from Blean, bred by D. G. Marsh, August 17, 1951, in which the normal yellow ground is replaced by deep pink (C.-H.). First Record, 1809 : “Imago in Cantio Sylvaticis” (Haworth, Lepidop- tera Britannica, 2 : 314). Timandra griseata Petersen: amata auct. nec L.: Blood-vein. Native. Woods, marshes, stubble fields, waste places, etc.; on Polygonum aviculare, dock. “Common in many places” (V.C.H., 1908). Frequent and found in all divisions, including Sheppey (div. 2). There appear to be two generations annually, with perhaps a partial third in favourable seasons. At Bromley, D. R. M. Long noted the moth (16) entomologist’s record, VOL. 81 15/III/69 in 1959 as early as May 23, and in 1964, as late as September 29; and his j maximum recorded total for any one night was five on August 12, 1966. ! The second generation is normally numerically the greatest, and this is ; clearly shown in W. L. Rudland’s records as follows: Willesborough (div. j 12), 1954, May 26-July 11 (10), July 31-September 4 (36); 1955, June 8-20 (7), July 24-September 11 (19); 1956, May 31-July 2 (12), July 15-Septem- ber 18 (48); 1957, June 6-August 18 (17), September 18-October 3 (4); 1958. July 19-August 3 (7); 1963, June 8-July 19 (7), August 1-September 3 (4); 1964, July 20-October 2 (12). Wye (div. 12), 1953, June 5 (2), August 5- October 7 (11); 1954, August 5-September 5 (7); 1955, July 22-October 1 (4); 1956, May 31-July 8 (5), August 10-25 (4). W. A. Cope found larvae in September 1947 on P. aviculare growing in stubble fields at West Wickham, and reared them; and D. R. M. Long has taken the larva on dock at Bromley. J. F. Burton took two larvae, Ruxley Gravel Pit, Footscray (div. 1), March 29, 1948, but does not specify the foodplant. Variation. — Ab. pulverata Cockayne, E. J. Hare took an example of this striking form, Pinden (div. 6), July 13, 1947. First Record, 1831: Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 203). Scopula nigropunctata Hufnagel: Sub-angled Wave. Resident, perhaps native. Woods, rough chalky places; foodplant unknown. ^ 6a. Near Darenth* (Stephens, Haust, 3: 318). Darenth Wood (Stainton. Man., 2 : 48), may refer to the latter. 8. Folkestone. — The moth occurred amongst Clematis in hollows in the Warren according to Knaggs (Qtly. J. Folkestone nat. Hist. Soc., 1869: 77; Ent. Ann., 1886: 156). It was apparently first discovered here by H. Tompkins, who took a single specimen at the end of July 1858 (Tompkins, Zoologist, 6249); and was then, it seems, taken fairly regularly at this locality over the next thirty years or so (cf. Ent. Ann., 1880: 142; 1886: 142, 156; 1867: 155; 1869: 139. Entomologist, 5: 164, 221; 14: 215; 15: 200; 54: 286; 58: 179. Ent. mon. Mag., 2 : 210; 8: 91. Fenn, Diary, July 1888, by W. E. Butler). Though occasionally noted in considerable numbers, as for example in 1882, when about two dozen specimens were recorded from June 30 on- wards (Salwey, Entomologist, 15: 197), the species had almost disappeared by 1892, according to Barrett (Br. Lep., S: 75); and since 1900, the moth appears to have been captured there on only four occasions: July 1, 1903, one in Sidgewick coll. (Woodforde, Entomologist, 58 : 178); one, July 24, 1906 (Conquest, Entomologist, 40: 296); one, July 6, 1912 (Rait-Smith, Ent. Rec., 25: 174); and, finally, a cS , July 28, 1954, taken by H. N. Michaelis at rest on a wall below the Valiant Sailor Inn (H. N. Michaelis), which specimen is in R.C.K. (C.-H.).^ iTliere is some indication that Potentilla erecta may be the natural pabulum, since this is predominant in the tiny clearing at Orlestone where 1 repeatedly took the moth, and is moreover relished by the larvae in captivity. However, close search at night in the spring failed to reveal the larva, even in so circumscribed an area, and notwithstanding the fact that I knew it well from having reared it from the egg (C.-H.) 2The moth was formerly reared many times from ova deposited by females taken in the Warren, and until recently the progeny from these constituted the bulk of specimens in collections. Since 1963, a fair number has been bred from Orlestone stock, and for a detailed account of its rearing from there by Haggett, cf. Ent. Rec., 75 ; 239-240. LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (17) 12. Orlestone Woods. — 1951: July 6, c?, taken at light by E. H. Wild (Wild, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1951-52: 12, 46). 1958: July 15, , taken by S. M. Jackson (S. M. Jackson in litt. to S. Wakely) (the reference to S. Wakely in Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1958: 12, is erroneous — C.-H.). 1959: July 6, cj' (M, Singleton). 1961: July 5, q beaten out of bushes by day (Blathwayt, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1962: 24); July 27, 9 (M. Singleton). 1962: July 15, (5 beaten from spruce by day; July 28, 3 (S d ^ taken flying between 10 and 12 p.m. in a small clearing within a few yards of the same spot (C.-H.); July 23, d. August 5, 9c5'. August 8, d at sugar patch (M. Enfield); August 4, 2 dd> August 12, 9 (G, M. Haggett); August 5, 9 , August 8, d (M. Singleton). 1964: July 19, two (B. K. West); July 30, d (A. Richardson). 1965: July 24, one (R. G. Chatelain). 16, Folkestone Town, July 24, 1946, d at lighted window (Morley, Entomologist, 79: 271). Variation. — The following named aberrations are in R.C.K. : anasto- mosaria Preiss., one, “Folkestone/J. R. Wellman”; crassestrigata Lpk.. three, Folkestone; basinuda Lpk., one, Folkestone. First Record, 1831 : ''Timandra variegata . . . very rare; my specimens were taken in a lane near Darenth in June” (Stephens, loc. cit.). [S. virgulata Denis & Schiffermuller: strigaria Htibner. Questionably genuine. Two specimens alleged to have been taken in 1870, constitute the only known British record. 6. Gravesend* — On November 21, 1870, at meeting of the Entomological Society of London, F. Bond exhibited ''Acidalia strigaria, Hiibn., from Gravesend . . . taken by Mr. Button during the present season” (Bond, Proc. ent. Soc. Lond., 1870: xxxvii). Near Gravesend, d> 9. taken 1870 by D. T. Button (Knaggs, Ent. Ann., 1871 : 88-89). One, “taken by Mr. Button, near Gravesend, 1870” (Stevens, Catalogue H. Burney coll. Sale. 21.xi.l893, lot 236, p. 14), with many other “Acidalia”, fetched only 5s (South, Entomologist, 27 : 103). Two strigaria in Dale coll, with no further data than “Gravesend” (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 45 : 177). Meyrick (1895, Br. Leg., 243;; 1927, Rev. Br. Leg., 205) admits the species as Kentish without reservation.] S. ornata Scopoli: Lace Border. Native. Chalk downs and banks; foodplant unknown. Locally fairly numerous in many localities in 6, 7, 8. Perhaps casual in 11-13, 16. Obs. — Folkestone, common amongst marjoram, in Warren (Knaggs. 1870). Between Dover and Sandgate, August 1865, “tolerably plentiful amongst thyme near Folkestone” (Cox, Ent. mon. Mag., 2: 117). Wye Crown, one at sugar, July 4, 1946 (G. V. Bull). 1. Birch Wood (Courtney, Entomologist, 1 : 227). Petts Wood, one on heather, August 16, 1865 (Fenn, Diary). Dartford Heath (C. Fenn, in Wool, Surv., 1909). West Wickham (E. E. J. Trundell, fide de Worms. Lond. Nat., 1956: 67). 5. Green Street Green* (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Chevening. June 5, 1913, August 25, 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Brasted* (R. M. Prideaux). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). 6a. Darenth (see First Record); (Curtis, Br. Ent., 384). 9. Ramsgate, one, June 27, 1913, one. May 21, 1921 (J. W. C. Hunt). (18) entomologist’s record, VOL. 81 15/III/69 11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). 12. Ashford, one (Scott, 1936). i 13. Tunbridge Wells, one, 1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2 : 229) : two, ! 1958 (L. R. Tesch per C. A. Stace). j 16. Folkestone Town, one, 1951 (Morley, Ent. Rec., 64 : 171). i First Record, 1831 : Darenth (Stephens, Haust., 3 : 307). i S. rubiginata Hufnagel: Tawny Wave. i Suspected immigrant. Chalky places. Perhaps nine specimens between 1825 and 1914, mostly (if not all) in 8 and 9. j Early History. — The earliest mention of Kentish rubiginata is that of Stephens (Haust., 3 : 309), who writes that “one specimen was taken near Dover, I think, in 1825”. In 1831, Curtis (Br. Ent., 384) presumably with reference to this species, and possibly alluding to the foregoing occur- rence, records that J. Standish took one the beginning of August flying by day in the North Foreland Meadow, Dover. 1859-1914. — Bond (Proc. ent. Soc. Lond., 1858-59: 79) exhibited one j taken “in Kent”, in 1859, but there are no other details. ' The three records that follow are all for the Folkestone Warren. (1) One, taken by J. B. Lynch, beyond the old ‘Pelter’ Brig, “some years ago” (Knaggs, Qtly. J. Folkestone nat. Hist. Soc., 18S9 (4), 77; idem, Ent. Ann. 1871 : 75); is perhaps that recorded by Bond (antea) (C.-H.). (2) One, beaten out of Clematis by T. N. Hoey, near the Rakemere Pond, July 10, 1870 (Hoey, Entomologist, 5 : 164). (3) The third record merely states that the species was taken in the Warren in August (1885), and that it was exhibited by H. W. Barker (Barker, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist., 1885: 5). H. G. Gomm (Diary) records the moth as having been taken at Kings- gate (div. 9) in June 1914, and in his coll, are three rubiginata from there dated 1914, one of which bears the inscription “Kingsgate/5.6.1914” (C.-H.). First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit. S. marginepiinctata Goeze: Mullein Wave. Native. Sea-cliffs, rough grassy places, etc.; on “plantain and other low plants”. Mainly coastal Obs. — It will be noted that second generation insects greatly out- number those of the first brood. I. Erith, one, June 14, 1884; Lee, two, August 30, 1885 (Fenn, Diary). Blackheath ( Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1919-20: 6). Charlton; Lewisham; Bexley district; Eltham; Farnborough* (Wool. Surv., 1909). Chislehurst (S. F. P. Blyth). Petts Wood, one, 1947, two, 1948' (E. Evans). Abbey Wood, 1953; Blackheath, 1953 (A. J. Showier). Crayford; Dartford (B. K. West). Blackheath, rare. At street lamps; once in garden, September 4, 1956; on fence, August 26, 1955; more common in 1960, at m.v.l. (A. A. Allen). Bromley, 1959 (1), 1960 (2), 1961 (2), 1962 (5), 1963 (1), 1964 (2), 1965 (2), 1966 (11); earliest date, June 14, 1965, latest date Septemiber 22, 1962; max. on any one night, September 8, 1966 (D. R. M. Long). 2. Gravesend, very common everywhere (Button, Entomologist, 4: 129); (H. C. Huggins). Sheerness to Queenborough, abundant at rest on the sea- wall, 1871 (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 184). Stroud, c. 1875 (Tutt, Ent. mon. Mag., 24: 133). New Brompton (Chaney, Rochester Nat., 1885: 9). LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (19) Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Sheppey, August 26, 1899 (Cockayne, Entomolo- gist, 35 : 219). Seasalter (P. F. Harris); June 25, 1952 (C.-H.). Queensferry, several, June 26, 1949 (C.-H.). 3. Broad Oak, one at electric light, August 5, 1951 (C.-H.). Eddington. June 11, 1949, two, June 5, 1950; all at light (D. G. Marsh, Diary). 4. Deal Sandhills, frequently at sugar between July 30 and August 24, annually 1883-87 (Tutt, loc. cit.). Reculver, September 19, 1935; common and fresh, August 12, 1938 (A. J. L. Bowes). Sandwich, one, August 5, 1950; June 19, 1954 (C.-H.). Worth, June 11, 1962 (T. W. Harman). 6. Gravesend, at street lamps, June 8, September 13, 16(6), 1912; Sep- tember 13, 1921; one on fence, July 28, 1912 (F. T. Grant); (H. C. Huggins). Pinden, common (E. J. Hare, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 68). 7. Kings Wood, July 8, 1936 (Newsome teste E. Scott). Westwell, June 1950 (E. Scott). 8. Folkestone*, 1864 (Meek, Ent. mon. Mag., 1 : 190). Folkestone Warren, July 11, 1934; August 2, 1935 (J. H. B. Lowe); one, August 1959 (M. Single- ton). Capel-le-Ferne, July 11, 1939 (C.-H.); one, July 20, 1965 (R. G. Chatelain). Dover, many full-fed larvae found on plantain and other low plants, April 1881 (Eedle, Entomologist, 14: 136); July 1883 (Coverdale, Entomologist, 16: 220). Near Kingsdown (Shepherd, Entomologist, 17: 136). Dover, one, August 20, 1940, one, September 17, 1942 (B. O. C. Gardiner). Haddling Wood, at sugar, June 30, 1938 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary). Coastal from Deal to the Warren (E. & Y., 1949). Dover (Stock- well, Diary). Elmstead (Irby teste E. Scott). Wye Crown, June 18, 1938 (Leeds teste E. Scott). Dover, August 3, 1957 (C.-H.). 9. Margate, 1905 (Barrett, Entomologist, 38: 214); May 23, 1920(1), June 4, 1921 (1), September 11(2), 18(2), 1922; all on fences (H. G. Gomm, Diary); not uncommon (H. C. Huggins; P. F. Harris); one, September 28, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). 11. Tonbridge, one (Raynor, Entomologist, 6: 79). Mid. Kent [Yalding], occasionally at light (Reid, S.-E. Nat., 1904: 53). Aylesford, six, 1954 (G. A. N. Davis). 12. Ashford, June 1950; several, c. 1953 (P. Cue). Brook (C. A. W. Duffield teste E. Scott). Chartham, two, c. 1950 (P. B. Wacher). Wye, one, August 28, 1953 (W. L. Rudland). Willesborough, one, September 9, 1953; two. May 29-30, one, August 15, 1954; two, June 23, 1956; one, August 21; one, September 7, 1957 (W. L. Rudland); one at light, 1959; one, 1961 (M. Singleton). 13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2 : 48). Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan). 15. Lydd, one, August 22, 1954 (A. M. Morley); two, September 29, 1957 Edwards and S. Welsely teste A. M. Morley); two, September 29, 1957 1962; all in m.v.t. (R. E. Scott); June 13, 1962; August 28, 1964 (T. W. Harman). Boulderwall, June 12, August 12, 16, 1966 (R. E. Scott). 16. Lower Sandgate Road, Folkestone (Knaggs, 1870). Hythe (Carr, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1901 : 65). Variation. — The ground colour of Kentish specimens is pale grey, and never reaches the degree of whiteness found in the very pale Sussex form (C.-H.). Cockayne (Entomologist, 35 : 219) refers to an example that he took in Sheppey, August 26, 1899, as similar to that figured (idem, 156) from Somerset; and I have a similar ab., bred Folkestone, 1896 (C.-H.). The following named abs. are in R.C.K. : zernyi Schawd., Folkestone, (20) entomologist’s record, VOL. 81 15/IV/69 one, bred by W. E. Butler, August 8, 1896; pastoraria Joannis, one, Folke- stone, July 1896, First Record, 1831 : '‘Ptychopoda contiguaria . . . near Dover” (Stephens, Haust, 3: 308). S. imitaria Hiibner: Small Blood-vein. Native. Hedgebanks, weedy lanesides, waste places, etc.; foodplant un- known. Fairly frequent and found in all divisions, but with no instance on record of real plenteousness. Apparently rather scarce now in div. 1, and becoming increasingly so towards the metropolis. Although sometimes disturbed by day from bushes and low cover, the moth is perhaps most often observed at sundown and at dusk, when it flies naturally. Later it comes freely to light, but seemingly is not very often taken in light traps. Tutt (1896, Br. Moths, 246) states that it “used to appear regularly at sugar at Deal”. 1. The only recent records for this division are: Petts Wood, several each year, 1946-49 (E. Evans); 1951 (A. M. Swain). Orpington, 1948 (L. W. Siggs). West Wickham, 1952 (R. Birchenough, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 69). St Mary Cray, 1955 (R. G. Chatelain). Variation. — In R.C.K. are the following named abs. : umbrata Lamb., Chatham, one; Folkestone, one; aequilineata Schwingenschuss, Barham, one. The ab. having the ground whitish salmon is pallida C.-H.; J holotype, Ham Fen, 1950, paratypes. Broad Oak, 1939(1), 1951(1) (C.-H., Entomologist, 94: 283). First Record, 1831: Darenth (Stephens, Haust., 3: 318). S. emutaria Hiibner: Rosy Wave. Native. Salt-marshes, brackish ditches; foodplant unknown. Perhaps casual in 6, 12. Questionable if still present west of Gravesend. Notwithstanding the fact that Tutt (Ent. Rec., 1 : 20) stated that he took both broods repeatedly at Deal, there appears to be still insufficient data on record showing conclusively that there is ever more than a single generation in Kent. Walker (Ent. mon. Mag., 34: 252) records that the floods of November 1897 proved disastrous to emutaria, which was extremely scarce in 1898, owing probably to the breaking down of the sea wall and its sub- sequent repair; and that the same floods also proved disastrous to the Lasiocampid, Malacosoma castrensis L. (q.v.). It is likely too that the species was adversely affected by the 1953 floods. 2. Gravesend. — July 13-19, 1866 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.); “a fair series by mothing and at sugar” (Button, Entomologist, 4: 115, 129); July 10, 1869 (Miller and Jones, Ent. mon. Mag., 6: 114); 1875 (Tugwell, Entomologist, 8 : 293); 1874 (Porritt, Entomologist, 7 : 180). Shorne Mead, Higham, com- mon (H. C. Hugigns); July 1-3, 1926 (F. T. Grant). In the marshes at Woolwich and elsewhere on the banks of the Thames (V.C.H., 1908). Dartford Marshes, two, July 16, 1874; taken abundantly by Packman, July 25, 1874; July 20, 1887 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.). Isle of Grain, June 29- July 8, 1908 (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 21 : 32). Sea-wall to Upchurch Marshes, one, August 1868 (Chaney, 1884-87). Strood (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 2 : 298). Sit- tmgbourne (Wigan, Entomologist, 7 : 205). Funton (H. C. Huggins). Queenborough, one, June 12, 1868 (J. J. Walker MS.). Sheppey, 1872, not LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (21) before July 2, but common after (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 9 : 163); 1873 (Hodgson, Eni. mon. Mag., 10: 180); 1898, extremely scarce (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 34: 252). Near Sheerness, 1899 (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 35: 96). Sheppey, several, July, 1906 (J. J. Jacobs, in Walker coll.). Queens- bridge, two, June 26, 1949, both worn; one, June 25, 1955 (C.-H.). Stoke Saltings, one, August 1, 1962 (C.-H.); a few worn, July 10, 1964 (R. G. Chatelain). Faversham (1871, Morris, Br. Moths, 1 : 167). Faversham Creek (H. C. Huggins). Graveney Marshes, abundant in ditches and on the edge of the salt-marshes, June 25, 1952. I counted over 100, most were fluttering about, but many were also at rest on grass stems, etc.; two, July 17, 1953, both worn (C.-H.). [Lee Marshes (J. F. Burton, in de Worms, Lond Nat., 1956: 68), wants confirmation, and is I suspect erroneous (C.-H.)]. 4. Kent Coast [Deal] (see First Record). Deal. — July 4, 1856, 1858, 1859 (Harding, Ent. week, hit., 1: 116; idem, 4: 109; idem, 6: 91); 1881 (Tugwell, Entomologist, 15: 205). Deal Sandhills, July 13-29, 1889 (Fenn, Diary; Fenn, Lep. Data MS.). Ditch sides at Deal and Sandwich (1901, Tutt Practical Hints, 1 : 43). Ebbsfleet, several, June 16. 1952 (C.-H.). 6. Pinden, one, July 11, 1954 (E. J. Hare). 12. Ham Street, one at m.v.l., July, 1951; one, July 19, 1965, at m.v.L; both in Orlestone Woods (C.-H.); one, August 28, 1952 (E. J. Hare). 14. Appledore*, one, July 8, 1899 (R.C.K.). 15. New Romney (1902, Barrett, Br. Lep., 8: 78); (V.C.H., 1908). Dym- church, common, 1952 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 65: 44). Romney Marsh, July, 1954 (Duffield, Trans, Folkestone nat. Hist. Soc., 1954: 24). Dungeness, 1959 (A. L. Goodson). Variation. — The majority of Kent emutaria that I have seen are tinged with pale pink, but among those that I have from Graveney, are several of a deep rose pink and which conform to ab. suhroseata Haw. (C.-H.). In R.C.K. is an ab. with “dusting obsolescent”, Sheppey, two; also, ab. suhroseata. Sheerness, two, 1899, Gravesend, several. First Record, 1853: Kent Coast [Deal], exhibited September 6, 1853 (Harding, Proc. Soc. Br. Entomologists, in Zoologist, 4071). S. immutata L.: Lesser Cream Wave. Native. Marshes, wet meadows; foodplant unknown. Doubtless long extinct in 1; perhaps casual in 6, 7 and 9. 1. Near Sydenham, one, 1859 (Cox, Ent. week, hit., 6: 188). West Wickham; Eltham iV.C.H., 1908). 2. North Kent [Higham], 1874 (Porritt, Entomologist, 7: 181). Graves- end (V.C.H., 1908). Dartford Marshes (Fenn. Diary, 25.vii.1874; Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909); common, June 28, 1952 (J. F. Burton). Greenhithe (A. B. Farn MS.). Graveney Marshes, Faversham (H. C. Huggins). 4. Kent Coast [Deal] (see First Record). Deal, two, 1881 (Tugwell, Entomologist, 14: 214); three, July 25, 1889 (Fenn, Diary; idem, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1892: 37). Near Sandwich, August 5, 1933 (de Worms, Entomologist, 67: 103). Ham Marshes, twenty, July 25, 1891 (Fenn, Diary); July 15, 1935 (J. H. B. Lowe); one, August 5, 1953 (A. M. Morley); 2c^(j', July 31, 1955 (C.-H.). Westbere, several in 1946 and 1952 (C.-H.). 6. Swanscombe, one in thicket in old chalk-pit, July 1956 (A. A. Allen). (22) entomologist’s record, VOL. 81 15/IV/69 7. Long Beech Wood (Scott, 1936); a most unlikely locality (C.-H.). 8. Folkestone, one, 1859 (H. Tompkins, Diary). Folkestone Warren, a few (Knaggs, 1870). Dover, 1883 (Coverdale, Entomologist, 16: 220); a few in 1945 and one in 1947 (Gardiner, Ent. Gaz., 10: 9). Shepherdswell, two, 1947 (E. & Y., 1949). 9. Northdown, Margate, one, July 17, 1945 (W. D. Bowden). 10. Sevenoaks, 1919 (Gillett, Entomologist, 53: 23). 11. Tunbridge Wells district* (R. H. Rattery in Knipe, 1916). Leeds Park (H. C. Huggins). Tonbridge (H. E. Hammond). 12. Ham Street, one, August 7, 1933, in C. G. M. de Worms coll. (C.-H.). Gibbons Brook (D. Saunders teste Morley, 1931). 15. St. Mary-in-the-Marsh, at car lights, August 1 (1), 2 (1) 1948 (P. le Masurier). Dungeness, c. 1954 (P. Cue teste A. M. Morley). Boulderwall, one, June 17, 1966 (R. E. Scott). First Record, 1853: “Dosithea immutata”, Kent Coast [Deal], exhibited September 6, 1853 (Harding, Proc. Soc. Br. Entomologists, in Zoologist, 4071). S. iactata Haworth; Cream Wave. Native. Woods, copses; foodplant unknown. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908). Recorded from all divisions except 4 and 9. Perhaps casual in 15. Chaney (1884-87) gives the moth as occurring in the Rochester dis- trict. in May-June and again in August, from which one may presume that he had observed it there as a partial second generation. 15. Boulderwall, Dungeness, June 12 (1), 14 (1) 1966, both in m.v. trap (R. E. Scott). Variation. — In R.C.K. is ab. flavescens Lpk., one, Darenth Wood, May 12, 1920; and in my own collection, is ab. conjunctiva Prout, Trottiscliffe, one. May 23, 1966 (C.-H.). First Record, 1859; Pembury and Tenterden (Stainton, Man., 2: 48). Idaea ochrata Scopoli ssp. cantiata Prout: Bright W^ave. Native. Coastal sandhills, shingle beach; foodplant unknown. 4. The species ranges over some six miles from Walmer northwards to the Prince’s Golf Links, Sandwich, but so far as is known, it has never occurred more than about a mile from the sea-shore. It appears to be most frequent towards the Sandwich end, at least nowadays, and to show a preference for rough grassy places, particularly “golf course rough”. Kent Coast [Deal] (see First Record). Walmer-Sandwich, 1856, 1859 (Harding, Ent. week. Int., 1 : 109, 6: 124); numerous 1881, much less com- mon 1882 (Tugwell, Entomologist, 14: 214, 15: 205); 1888 (Tutt, Entomol- ogist, 21: 259; idem. Young Nat., 9: 164). “Folkestone” [probably error for Deal] (Pearce & Barker, Entomologist, 19: 22). Near Deal and San- down (Barrett, Br. Lep., 8 ; 9). “Formerly plentiful at Sandwich, but its locality has been almost destroyed by the establishment of the local golf links, and it may disappear” (V.C.H., 1908). 1907 (Whittle, Ent. Rec., 20 ; 64). Sandwich, July 25, 1922 (11), July 12, 1923, July 4, 1924 (2), on St. George’s and Prince’s Golf Links (H. G. Gomm, Diary); July 2, 1949, on grass stems in the “rough” of St. George’s Golf Links, about 50 at night, mostly in good condition, and within 100 yards of the seashore; a few LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (23) worn, August 11, 1945, a score in the afternoon, July 5, 1953, behind the Guildford Hotel (C.-H.). Walmer Castle, about ten on sandy shingle, 1960 (E. C. Pelham-Clinton). Variation. — The Kentish ssp. is referable to cantiata Prout, which is described (in Prout-Seitz, Pal. Geom., 91) as a “rather dull form with but little red in its colouring”, and “forms a fixed local race in England, where it is almost confined to one locality on the coast of Kent”. Cockayne (Ent. Rec., 65: 193) selected a lectotype of ssp. cantiata which specimen is labelled “Deal, ll.vii.l908. L. B. Prout”, and is in RCK. In RCK are the following aberrations: (1) With “lines obsolescent”, one labelled “Deal/S. G. Hills”. (2) With “darkened base”, one, “Deal 27.7.95/W. Purdey”; one, “Deal 1909/L. B. Prout”. First Record 1831 : “A. pallidaria Hiibn. . . . the only British specimen I have seen of this, I received from Kent” (Curtis, Br. Ent., 384). [I. serpentata Hufnagel: perochraria Fischer von Roslerstamm: Ochreous Wave. (Questionably Kentish). With the exception of the Farn record, which may be genuine, all the records appear to be very doubtful. 4. Deal*, one “Deal 1879” (Stevens, Cat. Rev. J. M. Hick coll. Sale, lot 137, 22.vi.1932, p. 10). 6. “Near Dartford; very rare. Doubtful if ever taken” *(Goss, in V.C.H.. 1908). “Brent gravel-pit”h one, 1909, “taken by A. B. Farn”, is in A. F. Griffith coll., det. D. S. Fletcher (Stevens, Cat. A. B. Earn coll. Sale, 4.iv.l922, lot 95, p. 7; Davy, Nat. Mus. Wales Guide to Collections of British Lepidoptera, 21; Matheson, Nat. Mus. Wales Guide to Collections of British Lepidoptera, 28) 10. Sevenoaks, “one taken at Sevenoaks, 1880” (Stevens, Cat. Rev. H. Burney coll. Sale, 21. xi. 1893, lot 229, p. 14; Briggs, Ent. Rec., 8: 88).] L muricata Hufnagel: auroraria Borkhausen: Purple-bordered Gold. Resident, perhaps native. Marshes; foodplant unknown’^. Apparently unobserved since 1891. 4. Ham Fen. — It seems probable that all the Kent records refer to Ham Fen3; moreover, according to instructions on its exact location from Thomas Sorrell (in litt., undated (vii.1888) to G. W. Bird), it was found there in one field only. In a marsh near Sandwich (in 1865), “I took at the same spot [as Euphydryas aurinea Rott.)] Hyria auroraria: I think this is new to Deal” (Harding, Entomologist, 3: 24). “Tutt tells me that auroraria occurs at Ham Marshes” (Fenn, Diary, 30.vii.l890). “Ham Marshes”, five, July 11, five, July 14, 1891, all fresh specimens, “I noticed several flying late, even ^This is the Brent near Dartford, Kent, and not the Brent in Devon as suggested hy Davy loc. cit. (C.-H.). 2The conventional English pabulum PotentiUa palustris (but is there any instance on record of its having ever been found on this anywhere?) is unrecorded from Ham Fen, although the locality has been well known Botanically for well over a century (C.-H.). SNotvcithstanding the statement in Barrett [Br. Lep., 7 : 332) that it iias been ■ found near Deal and elsewhere in Kent ’. • (24) entomologist’s record, VOL. 81 15/V/69 after dark”; three, July 25, 1891 (Fenn, Diary; Fenn, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1891: 132; idem., Ent. Rec., 2: 203). “Ham Ponds, Sandwich” (V.C.H., 1908). Variation. — In RCK are two specimens labelled “Ham Ponds/ 1891”. These are a good deal more yellow than is normal, and are referable to trans ad ab. lutescens Prout. First Record, 1866: Harding, loc. cit. l. vulpinaria Herrich-Schaffer: rusticata sensu auct.: Least Carpet. Native. Dry hedgebanks, wayside scrub and bushy places on chalk banks and cliffs. The feral larva is apparently unknown, but is suspected of feeding on withered or fallen elm leaves. The moth is mostly found where elm hedges are presents For much that has been written on the history, distribution, etc., of this species, especially in regard to north-west Kent, cf. Showier. Entomologist, 85: 237-238, idem, Ent. Rec., 66: 164, 273-274, 67: 45-47; and Huggins, Ent. Rec., 66: 201-202. 1. In the past, mainly recorded from localities in the north of this division, and especially about Slades Green and Frith. Also noted at Bexley, Orpington, Lewisham, Grove Park, Blackheath, Hither Green. Hawley, Petts Wood, Sidcup, Dartford, Bexley Heath, Belvedere, Abbey Wood, Eltham, Charlton, Plumstead, St. Mary Cray, Blackfen and Welling. Is abundant in many places nowadays and apparently less localised than formerly; thus, C. G. Bruce (per de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1964: 31) noted it at Lee in 1962 and 1963 in large numbers “with sometimes as many as twenty at night at light”; and at Bexley, D. O’Keefe (in litt.) says : “Easily the commonest Geometer after X. fluctuata. Usually appears about July 7 and lasts until mid-August, but in 1968 the first moth was noted on June 25. On a good night up to 30 in and around the trap”. There are indications, that during the past twenty years the species may have been extending its range southwards in this division. In 1955. R. F. Birchenough took one on a shop window in West Wickham, the first record for this locality, and he has since noted it there fairly regularly in his m.v. trap. Nearby at Bromley, D. R. M. Long has recorded it in his m. v. trap as follows: 1961 (1), 1962 (15), 1963 (3), 1964 (6), 1965 (5), 1966 (7): with earliest recorded appearance, June 30 in 1961, and latest, August 28 in 1965. 2. Sheerness, one, 1871, one, 1872 (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 184; idem. Ent. mon. Mag., 9: 162). Higham (Chaney, Rochester Nat., 1885: 9); formerly very abundant (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 9: 94); 1908 (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 12: 32); “in two adjoining elm hedges at Higham close to the village”, “five or six dozens may easily be collected in an hour or two any fine day during the middle of July” (Porritt, Naturalist, 6: 119). Near Chattenden (V.C.H., 1908) may refer. 3. Canterbury ,odd ones in lanes in the city, c. 1945 (J. A. Parry). 5. Chelsfield, one, July 25, 1951 (A. M. and F. A. Swain). 6. Northfleet* (Hodgkinson, Zoologist, 2328); common (S. F. P. Blyth). Gravesend, “common in most hedgerows where there is plenty of bind- weed and dust; the last seems most essential” (Button, Entomologist, 4 : 129); in several places (Huggins, Ent. Rec., 66: 201); 1939 (F. T. Grant). Stone (Chaney, loc. cit.). Greenhithe (V.C.H., 1908); (Huggins, loc. cit.); (B. K. West). Near Southfleet (Huggins, loc. cit). Pinden (E. J. Hare); fairly LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (25) numerous very locally, July 29, 1948 (C.-H.). Swanscombe chalkpits, singly, 1955, 1956 (A. A. Allen). 6a. Darenth Wood (James, Entomologist, 25 : 67; idem. Entomologist, 28: 86); 1952 (Showier, Entomologist, 85: 237). 7. Sittingbourne, odd ones, c. 1920 (Huggins, Ent. Rec., 66: 201). 8. Folkestone Warren, one (Knaggs, 1870); 1870 (Hoey, Entomologist, 5 : 164). Kingsdown, one, July 22, 1888 (Fenn, Diary)] one, August 6, 1888, in BMNH (C.-H.); (Tutt, Entomologist, 20: 227; idem, Ent. Rec., 9: 94). Dover (E. & Y., 1949), may be based upon the foregoing (C.-H.). Deal*, one, 1889. in Hope Alderson coll. (C.-H.). Penny Pot Wood, c. 1945 (J. A. Parry). 9. Broadstairs, one, July 30, 1917, another since, in a different part of the town (J. W. C. Hunt, personal communication, c. 1950); one, 1920 (Hayward, Entomologist, 53: 236). Margate, fairly common in several places in the town, 1948, 1950, nine, July 17-August 10, 1951; St. Peters, August 10, 1956, one at light, July 19, 1957 (W. D. Bowden). 11. Frittenden, two, c. 1949 (O. S. S. Edwards per R. C. Edwards). Holt Wood, Aylesford, two at m.v.L, 1955 (G. A. N. Davis). Maidstone, one. July 10, 1955 (E. Philp). 12. "Wye, one, August, 5, 1954 (W. L. Rudland). Variation. — Hawkins iProc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1928-29: 55> exhibited a c? ab., bred from North Kent ova, having the “antemarginal cloud absent from all wings”. In RCK, are four labelled ”Kent/*10/02/Partridge”, having “black markings heavy”; also examples of ab. alhomarginata Lempke, Gravesend, one, 1901, Higham two, 1938. First Record, 1831 : “Taken on palings in June near Eltham and Bexley” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 301). L sylvestraria Hiibner; straminata Treitschke nec Borkhausen; Dotted Border Wave. Native, perhaps now extinct. Heaths, etc.; foodplant unknown. I. Chislehurst, at light, 1883 (Cockerell, Entomologist, 18: 20). Pauls Cray Common, one, July 27, 1887, one, July 21, 1890 (Fenn, Diary). 3. Faversham (Morris, Br. Moths, 1 : 163). Blean Wood, one, June 28 (1871) (Parry, Entomologist, 5: 366). [4. Sandwich, one, June 22, 1936, taken by J. H. B. Lowe (E. & Y., 1949; J. H. B. Lowe). This may be right, but in my view determination should be checked (C.-H.).] 8. Near Dover (Barrett, Br. Lep., 8 : 39). Between Sandwich and St Margaret’s Bay,* not common, August (1883) (Shepherd, Entomologist, 17; 137). II. [Wateringbury], two taken the latter part of July (1880) (Thorne- will. Entomologist, 14; 70). Wateringbury, four, in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.). Mid-Kent [Yalding] occasionally at light (Reid, S.-E. Nat., 1904: 53); Yalding (V.C.H., 1908), probably refers. 12. Ham Street, one, August 7, 1933, taken by C. G. M. de Worms, and in his coll. (C.-H.). 13 Near Tunbridge Wells, 1869 (Moore, Entomologist, 5: 31). Pembury (Morris, Br. Moths, 1 : 163). iHuggins (Ent. Rec., 66 : 201) describes a favourite habitat as '^a tall somewhat hollow, bank, covered with rather open elm suckers and ivy and preferably half shaded by large elms’ ’. <26) entomologist’s record, VOL. 81 15/V/69 Variation. — Ab. circellata Guen. “A very few specimens of this variety circellata, but not of the most strongly marked extreme, were taken in the year 1871 near Dover, by Mr. F. C. Woodforde. These I have seen” (Barrett, loc. cit.). First Record, 1869 : Near Tunbrige Wells (Moore, loc. cit.). L biselata Hufnagel: Small Fanfooted Wave. Native. Woods, copses; foodplant unknown. Found in all divisions. "Generally common (V.C.H., 1908). The moth appears in one generation of fairly long emergence, but tolerably regular in sequence, from late June to August. In 1912, however, F. T. Grant noted it at Cobham Wood as early as May 19; and in 1890, Fenn (Diary) observed it at Chattenden in worn condition on September 13. Variation. — I have two examples that I judge are referable to ab. fimbriolata Steph. : Broad Oak, July 27, 1946, Ham Street, July 1951 (C.-H.). An ab. from Reinden Wood, Folkestone (Wellman, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist Soc., 1886: 57), also appears to conform to fimbriolata. In RCK are the following named abs. : — extincta Stgr., Folkestone, one, Bexley, one; fimbriolata Steph., Yalding, one, Chislehurst, two. First Record, 1851 : Darenth Wood (Douglas, Zoologist, 3218). I. fuscovenosa Goeze: interjectaria Boisduval: Dwarf Cream Wave. Native. Weedy banks, bushy places, gardens, hedgerows, etc.; food- plant unknown. Recorded from all divisions, except 14. Locally plentiful coastally, becoming less common inland and reaching some degree of scarcity well inland in 5 and 10-13. Obs. — Between Faversham and Seasalter (div. 2), extremely abundant for miles along the sea-wall, flying about rough vegetation at night, June 25, 1952; abundant on the sea-wall at night, June 26, 1949, between Queensferry and Chetney Marshes (div. 2) (C.-H.). 5. Chevening, July 17, 1917 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). 10. Sevenoaks, June 19, 1922 (Gillett, Diary). 11. Edenbridge, 1931 (F. D. Greenwood). Aylesford (G. A. N. Davis). 12. Brook* (Scott, 1936). Ashford, one, June 23, 1938 (Scott, 1950). Willesborough, three, 1960 (M. Singleton). 13. Tunbridge Wells (Knipe, 1916). Variation. — In RCK are: (1) Ab. with “median line well developed”, one, Higham, bred 1927, E. A. Cockayne. (2) Ab. anastomosaria Preiss., one, Higham, bred 1927, E. A. Cockayne. First Record, 1831 : Dover (Stephens, Haust., 3 : 301). I. seriala Schrank: virgulata Hiibner emend.: Small Dusty Wave. Native. Gardens, laneside hedges, waste places, etc.; [on ivy]. Recorded from all divisions. Perhaps most frequent in suburban areas. “Generally abundant” (V.C.H., 1908). In two generations it seems, i.e. from the end of June throughout July, and again in late August to well into September. In 1939, A. R. Kidner (Diary) noted the moth at Sidcup as early as June 5; and the same recorder observed it in 1933, as late as October 1. Tutt (Ent. Rec., 20: 65) commenting upon Freer’s discovery of the larva on ivy in Staffordshire, states that at Westcombe Park (div. 1), the LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (27) moth is very abundant “on a fence overhung with ivy, which we have long assumed to be its foodplant. . . Variation. — A cj', “Blackheath 21.vii.88”, ex J. W. Tutt and Whittle colls., and now in BMNH, is labelled as referable to ab. canteneraria Boisduval (C.-H.). Tutt (in Wool. Surv., 1909) states that there occurs “quite a suffused form in the metropolitan area”. Ab. cubicularia Peyerimhoff = bischoffaria de la Harpe : Brockley, one taken September 23, 1911, new to Britain (Heath, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1911 : 12; 1912-13: 7); Lewisham (Gardner, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1912-13: 31). I have one, “London S.E./*June 1913/R. T. Baumann”; also, two bred by J. E. Gardner in 1916 and 1917, perhaps all from the same stock (C.-H.). In RCK are the following abs. : grisescens de la Harpe, one, “Wester- ham/9. 7.98/L. B. Prout”; cubicularia Peyerimhoff, several, Lewisham, bred 1912 and 1913, J. E. Gardner. First Record, 1859 : Ramsgate (Wormald, Ent. week. Int., 7 : 52). I. dimidiata Hufnagel: Single-dotted Wave. Native. Marshes, ditches, damp woods, wet places, etc.; foodplant unknown. Recorded from all divisions. “Generally common, often abundant” (V.C.H., 1908). The moth is perhaps most often observed flying at dusk, but is also frequently disturbed by day from bushy places and undergrowth, and is occasionally noted at rest on fences. It sometimes comes to light, but is only seldom noted at sugar. Apparently in one generation, from the end of June to the beginning of August. The earliest date that I have on record is of one noted by D. R. M. Long at Bromley on June 19, 1961, In 1911, A. R. Kidner (Diary) noted one at Sidcup as late as September 19. Variation. — Morley (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1935-36: 36) exhibited “dark forms”, from Romney Marsh; and in RCK is ab, medio- fasciata Lempke, one, Chislehurst, July 20, 1907. First Record, 1859: Tenterden, common (Stainton, Man., 2: 45). I. subsericeata Haworth: Satin Wave. Native. Chalk downs, woods, grassy banks, waste places; foodplant unknown. 1. West Wickham, 1891 (Wells, Ent. Rec., 3: 35); 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell). Shooters Hill; Eltham; Bexley (Wool. Surv., 1909). Chislehurst, common (S. F. P. Blyth). Sidcup, one, 1939 (A. R, Kidner, Diary). Petts Wood, several 1948-50 (E. Evans), Orpington, 1954 (L. W, Siggs). Bromley, one, 1965, two, 1966 (D. R. M. Long). 3. East Blean Wood, one. May 30, 1866 (Fenn, Diary). Millstrood, at light (P. F. Harris). 4. Sandwich, June 16, 1933 (J. H. B. Lowe). Deal (E. & Y., 1949). Ebbs- fleet, several, June 16, 1952 (C.-H.). 5. Westerham (R, C. Edwards). 6. Gravesend (Button, Entomologist, 4: 129). Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). Otford (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1915-16: 99). Cuxton; Birling (H. C. Huggins). Fawkham (E. J. Hare). 6a. Darenth Woods, hedges in vicinity (Stephens, Haust., 3: 311); open places (Curtis, Br. Ent., 384); (E. J. Hare). Chattenden, one, 1869 (Walker (28) entomologist’s record, VOL., 81 15/X/69 MS.); (Chaney, 1884-87); (H.C. Huggins). 7. Hollingbourne (H, C. Huggins). Westwell; Kings Wood (Scott, 1936). 8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Wye (H. C. Huggins); Wye Crown, May 28, 1949 (C.-H.). Reinden Wood (Morley, 1931). Chilham, one, June 4, 1939 (C.-H.). Brook (Scott, 1950); three, July 4, 1951 (H. King). 10. Sevenoaks, June 20, 1920, June 19, 1922 (Gillett, Diary). 11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Hoads Wood (P. Cue teste E. Scott). 12. Ham Street (Scott, 1936); fairly numerous and of regular occurrence in Orlestone Woods (C.-H.). Orlestone Woods, June 2-4, 1950, June 1-2, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton). Willesborough, one, July 6, 1955, one, June 11, 1956 (W. L. Rudland); some on a railway bank, 1958 (M. Singleton). Willesborough and W. Ashford, at light, 1960 (M. Singleton and M. Enfield). 13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2; 48). Tunbridge Wells (Knipe, 1916). 14. Sandhurst, at light (G. V. Bull). 15. Dungeness, August 5, 1934 (A. J. L. Bowes); one. May 31, 1952 (C.-H.); a few, June 6-7, 1950 (E. C. Pelham-Clinton); June 30-July 3, 1954 (R. F. Bretherton); six, June 22-July 4, 1962, in m.v. trap (R. E. Scott). Lydd Town, August 1965 (D. W. H. ffennell). Boulderwall, June 12 (1), 14 (1), July 6 (1) 1966, in m.v. trap (R. E. Scott). 16. Folkestone Town (A. M. Morley). Variation. — In RCK is a series labelled as referable to race mancuniata Knaggs, with following data: “Chattenden/Bd. August 1884” (1); “C. Fenn*/Chattenden 67” (6). First Record, 1809 : “Habitat in Cantii Sylvaticis fere rarissime” (Haworth, Lepidoptera Britannica, 2 : 352). This is also the type reference to suhsericeata. I. trigeminata Haworth: Treble Brown Spot. Native. Laneside hedgerows, bushy places in gardens and on commons, etc., wood borders; foodplant unknown. Note: Much confusion must have resulted in the past from the trans- position (in Newman, Br. Moths, 77, of the figures of this and I. hiselata Hufnagel. 1. Noted from many localities in this div. in the past. Records of relatively recent occurrence are: Sidcup, a few annually, 1931-39 (Kidner, Diary). Petts Wood, two or three at light annually, 1947-50 (E. Evans); 1948, common (A. M. and F. A. Swain). Hartford (B. K. West). Orping- ton, 1948 (L. W. Siggs). St. Mary Cray (R. G. Chatelain). Joydens Wood (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 66). Welling, 1952 (A. J. Showier). Abbey Wood, 1954; Hayes Common, 1956; West Wickham, 1956 (C.-H.). Black- heath, not common, in waste ground and at street lamps, and very rare at m.v.L, 1959 (A. A. Allen). Bromley, in m.v. trap : 1955 (5), 1960 (28), 1961 (15), 1962 (20), 1963 (6), 1964 (14), 1965 (7), 1966 (14); with earliest date June 5, 1960 and 1966, latest date August 1, 1962, and max. daily total six on June 18, 1960 (D. R. M. Long). 2. Sheerness, not uncommonly beaten from hedges (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 184). Hartford (B. K. West). Abbey Wood Marshes, one, June 25, 1956 (A. A. Allen). 3. Blean Wood, one, 1866 (Fenn, Diary). Clowes Wood, one, 1927 (H. G. Gomm). Broad Oak, frequent; Little Hall Wood, 1944 (C.-H.). 4. Heal*, 1891 (Fenn, Ent. Rec., 2: 203). LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (29) 6. Greenhithe* {V.C.H., 1908). Gravesend; Luddesdown; Birling (H. C. Huggins). Fawkham (E. J. Hare). Hartford (B. K. West). 6a. Darenth Wood (see First Record); (Curtis, Br, Ent., 384); 1914 (F. T. Grant); (de Worms, loc. cit.). Chattenden (Ash, Ent. Rec., 11 : 273); 1912-13; five, June 11, 1925 (F. T. Grant). Cobham Wood, 1913 (F. T. Grant). 7. Wigmore; Darland Hill (Chaney, 1884-87). Westwell (Scott, 1950). Kings Wood, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). Boxley (A. H. Harbottle). 8. Folkestone* (Rait-Smith, Ent. Rec., 25 : 174). Woolwich Wood, June 26, 1901 (Stockwell, Diary). Atchester Wood, one, July 8, 1931; Elham, one at Wingmore, June 29, 1934, one, July 4, 1934 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary). Dover, very common, 1939-52 (B. O. C. Gardiner). Brook* (C. A. W. Duffield). Chilham*, one, 1925 (H. G. Gomm). Barfreston; Little Mong- ham; Martin; Ringwould; Wingmore (E. & Y., 1949). Betteshanger, July 6, 1957 (R. F. Bretherton). Wye Chalkpit (M. Singleton). 9. Garlinge, two, 1925; Kingsgate, one, 1929 (H. G. Gomm., Diary). Birchington, fairly numerous annually in gardens, 1926-33, im.agines at rest in Euonyinus japonicus hedges and on ivy; also noted there in 1949 (C.-H.). Margate, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). 10. Ide Hill, two at dusk, July 30, 1938; Sevenoaks, one at rest on fence, June 6, 1947, one, July 19, 1947 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary). 11. Penshurst (Knipe, 1916). Hoads Wood (Scott, 1950); c. 1952 (P. Cue teste E. Scott). Aylesford (G. A. N. Davis). Sevenoaks Weald, three, June 18-July 3, 1960 (E. A. Sadler). 12. Ham Street (Scott, 1936); fairly common, 1950 and in other years (C.-H.); June 2-4, 1950, in Orlestone Woods (R. F. Bretherton). Ashford Town (P. Cue teste E. Scott). Wye, singletons annually, 1953-55; Willes- borough, two, 1954, two, 1955, one, 1956, two, 1957 (W. L. Rudland). Potters Corner; Willesborough; Orlestone Woods (M. Singleton). 13. Bidborough (Knipe, 1916). Goudhurst, two, 1954 (W. V. D. Bolt). Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2; 46). 14. Tenterden (Stainton, Man., 2: 46). Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). First Record, 1809: “Darent in Kent” (Haworth, Lepidoptera Britannica, 354). This is also the type reference to trigeminata. I. emarginata L.: Small Scallop. Native. Carr, wet copses and thickets, damp woods; foodplant un- known. 1. Near Sydenham (Cox, Ent. week. Int., 8; 188). Erith, August 13, 1879 (Fenn, Lep. Data). West Wickham (Wells, Ent. Rec., 3: 35); (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1966: 66). Kidbrook; Lee; Lewisham; Eltham; Sidcup; Bexley; Derrick Wood (Wool. Surv., 1909). Birch Wood, one, 1909; Sidcup, singleton, 1910, 1934; Pauls Cray Common, one, 1919 (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Chislehurst (S. F. P. Blyth). Petts Wood, common (E. Evans); 1951 (A. M. and F. A. Swain). Hayes (de Worms, loc. cit.). Hartford (B. K. West). Orpington, 1950 (L. W. Siggs). Bromley, 1959 (1), 1960 (3), 1965 (1), 1966 (1); earliest date July 18, 1966, latest, August 24, 1960 (D. R. M. Long). 2. Near Sheerness, “common in hedges” (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 184). Faversham (H. C. Huggins). Dartford (B. K. West). Dartford Marshes, one, July 26, 1953 (J. F. Burton). Allhallows-on-Sea, two in thicket, July 25, 1956 (A. A. Allen). (30) entomologist’s record, VOL., 81 15/X/69 3. Ridgeway, July 25, 1933 (A. J. L. Bowes). Den Grove, 1936; three, July 17, 1938; one, July 13, 1941; three, July 18, 1944 (C.-H.). 4. Deal Marshes, July 22, 1889 (Fenn, Diary). Westbere, July 24, 1946 (C.-H.). Minster Marshes, six, July 23-24, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). Ickham, one, c. 1956 (D. G. Marsh). 6. Longfield (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (54) : ii). Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). Snodland (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 21 : 32). Gravesend (H. C. Huggins). Pinden (E. J. Hare). 6a. Chattenden (Chaney, 1884-87); 1908 (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 21 : 33); six, July 27, 1912 (F. T. Grant). Darenth Wood (James, Entomologist, 28 : 86); (E. J. Hare). 7. Wigmore Wood; Darland Hill (Chaney, loc. cit.). Faversham (H. C. Huggins). Boxley (A. H. Harbottle). 8. Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870). Reinden Wood (Morley, 1931). 9. Ramsgate, one, July 27, 1910, three, 1911 (J. W. C. Hunt). 11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Edenbridge, 1934 (F. D. Greenwood). Hoads Wood (Scott, 1936); c. 1952 (P. Cue teste E. Scott). 12. Hinxhill; Potter’s Corner (Scott, 1936). Ham Street (Scott, 1936); fairly numerous and of regular occurrence in Orlestone Woods (C.-H.); July 28, 1956, in Orlestone Woods (R. F. Bretherton). Brook* (C. A. W. Duffield). Willesborough, seven, 1954, one 1955, (W. L. Rudland); one, 1959 (D. Youngs); two, 1960 (M. Singleton). W. Ashford, common (M. Enfield). 13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2; 50). Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan). 14. Tenterden (Stainton, loc. cit.). Hawkhurst (Melvill, Entomologist, 5 (74); ii). Sandhurst (Bull, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1940-41: 22). Great Heron Wood, several, July 23, 1949 (C.H.). 15. St. Mary-in-the-Marsh, one at car lights, August 1, 1948 (P. le Masurier). Variation. — I have two 9 9 from Orlestone Woods, taken 1956, refer- able to ab. mosquensis Heyne (C.-H. In RCK are the following named abs. : ohsoleta Lempke, one, Gravesend, July 25, 1903; pallida Lempke, one, Gravesend, July 25, 1902; mosquensis Heyne, one, Gravesend, August 6, 1902. First Record, 1858 : Stainton, loc. cit. I. aversata L.: Riband Wave. Native. Woods, hedgerows, bushy places, etc.; foodplant unrecorded. Found in all divisions, few records for 4, 15. “Generally abundant” (V.C.H., 1908). The following late occurrences may represent partial second genera- tions:— Willesborough, one, September 23, 1956, one fresh specimen, September 23, 1964 (W. L. Rudland). Ham Street, one, September 15, 1959 (W. D. Bowden). Bromley, October 3, 1962 (D. R. M. Long). D. R. M. Long’s m.v. trap counts for Bromley show this to be one of the most numerous of all the Geometridae to occur at light in north- west Kent:— 1960 (250), 1961 (75), 1962 (264), 1963 (433), 1964 (300), 1965 (315), 1966 (126); with earliest appearance, June 7, 1961, latest October 3, 1962, and maximum daily total 42 on August 13, 1962. A. R. Kidner (Diary) mentions finding a larva of this species in his garden at Sidcup, May 24, 1919— the sole record of its discovery in Kent to my knowledge (C.-H.). 4. Ickham, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). Sandwich, July 5, 1957 (R. F. Bretherton). LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (31) 15. Dungeness, one in m.v. trap, August 6, 1962 (K. E. Scott). Great- stone, 1963 (C.-H.). Lydd Town, August, 1965 (D. W. H. ffennell). Variation. — Melanie forms have been recorded from West Wickham, 1898 (Sheldon, Ent. Rec., 11 ; 23); Bromley, 1929 (Jacobs, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist, Soc., 1929-30: 54); and Westwell, 1953 (Scott, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1953-54: 43, 51). The banded type, and the form without the dark band ab. remutata L., appear to constitute the majority of Kentish specimens. What I judge to ab. aurata Fuchs and ab. aureospoliata Boldt are of occasional occur- rence, and I have a single example of ab. approximata Cockayne, a (J taken Dartford Heath, August 28, 1954. I also have a single S of ab. suffumata Lambiilion, taken Blackheath, July 26, 1967, by A. A. Allen, who kindly presented it to me (C.-H.). S. Wakely (in litt.) states that he bred a series of very dark banded forms from a tattered dark 9- taken at Molash in 1949, several of which appear to be referable to ab. effuscata Galvagni. In RCK are the following named abs. : fuliginata Haw., one, N. Kent; tenuifasciata Lempke, one, Lewisham, 1902; latijasciata Wehrli, one, Lewisham, 1902; aureospoliata Boldt, two, Lewisham, 1902; medio jasciata Schwing., Lewisham, one, 1900; impuncta Lempke, Chattenden, one, bred 1900; suffumata Lambiilion, one, “Bromley/30.7.1929/S.N.A. Jacobs” (apparently the Bromley suffumata referred to above — C.-H.), one, “Westwell/E. Scott/20.7.1953”. First Record, 1861: Folkestone (Fereday, Ent. week. Int., 9 : 139). I. straminata Borkhausen: inornata Haworth: Plain Wave. Native. Woods; foodplant unknown. 1. Erith, two, 1884; Pauls Cray Common, one, 1885; Shooters Hill, one, 1886; Joydens Wood, one, 1892 (Fenn, Diary; Fenn, Lep. Data). Petts Wood; Bexley; Pauls Cray Common, not scarce at sugar (Wool, Surv., 1909). Lee; Eltham; Chislehurst (V.C.H., 1908 .Petts Wood, two or three annually, 1947-50 (E. Evans). Orpington, 1948 (L. W. Siggs). West Wick, ham, 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell). Abbey Wood, 1953 (A. J. Showier). Hayes (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 65). Bromley, 1960 (1), 1961 (1), 1962 (4), 1963 (3), 1964 (3), 1965 (6), 1966 (4); with earliest date June 30, 1961, latest August 19, 1965, and max. daily total two on July 3, 1964, and July 5, 1966 (D. R. M. Long), 3. Canterbury* (Parry, Entomologist, 5 : 394). Herne Bay, one, 1948 <D. G. Marsh coll.). Broad Oak, one, July, 27, 1946, one, July 22, one, July 23, 1949 (C.-H.). 4. Ickham, frequent, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). 5. Shoreham (Carr, Entomologist, 43: 108). Westerham (R. C. Edwards), Doune (de Worms, loc. cit.). 6. Birling; Cuxton; on trees on downs (H. C. Huggins). 6a. Darenth Wood (see First Record); (F. T. Grant); one, 1947 (E. J. Hare). Chattenden (Chaney, 1884-87); odd ones (H. C. Huggins). [Chat- tenden] (Tugwell, Entomologist, 8 : 293). 7. Longton Wood (H. C. Huggins). Westwell (Bull, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1946-47: 169. 8. Folkestone, one, July 1859 (H. Tompkins, Diary). Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870). Reinden Wood (Morley, 1931). Folkestone, one, July 15, 1955 (G. A. N. Davis). Betteshanger, July 6, 1957 (R. F. Bretherton). (32) entomologist’s record, vol., 81 15/|I/69 11. Hoads Wood (P. Cue teste E. Scott). Aylesford, one, July 25, 1955. one, July 12, 1956 (G. A. N. Davis). 12. Ashford* (Chittenden, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1899: 107). Ham Street, at light, July 1934, June 30, 1935, June 26, 1936 (A. J. L. Bowes); in Orlestone Woods, one, July 22, 1946, several at m.v.L, July 1951 (C.-H.); one, in Orlestone Woods, July 28, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton). Willesborough, 1954 (2), 1956 (7), 1957 (4), 1958 (1). 1963 (11), 1964 (1): Wye, 1953 (15), 1954 (2), 1955 (2), 1956 (3) (W. L. Rudland). 13. Pembury (Knipe, 1916). 14. Tenterden (Beale, Zoologist, 4130). Appledore (Heitland, Entomo- logist, 31 : 221). Sandhurst (Bui Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.. 1940-41 : 22). Great Heron Wood, several, July 23, 1949 (C.-H.). 16. Folkestone, one June 27, 1954 (A. M. Morley). Variation. — At meeting on January 10, 1889, of the S. London ent. nat. Hist. Soc., Chittenden exhibited “very black forms” of this species taken at Ashford, Kent (Young Nat., 10: 37; Entomologist, 22: 52; Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1888-89: 127). Ab. with “very dark suffusion”, taken in Ashford neighbourhood (Chittenden, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc. 1899: 107). Cockayne (Ent. Rec., 64: 68) records ab. rufescens holotype d', Bexley, and states that this ab. is' about equally as common as inornata Haw. S. Wakely (in litt.) writes that from a West Wickham Q > he bred all “light reddish-brown” specimens, but from a Ham Street 9 . all “creamy specimens”. The following named abs. are RCK : agrostemnata Guen., one. “Chattenden/Bred Sep. 1886”; rufescens Cockayne, several, Chattenden. Pauls Cray, eac. First Record, 1831 : “This insect is more frequent in Darenth-wood than in any other place within the metropolitan district” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 311). Rhodometra sacraria L.; Vestal. Immigrant. Wheat-fields, clover-fields, etc. [on Polygonum aviculare}. Up to and including 1946, altogether only seven sacraria had been noted in Kent, but in 1947, the moth appeared widely scattered in the county, and in parts of West Kent it was plentiful. The majority of specimens were disturbed by day from dry, warm, harvested wheat- fields containing an abundance of Knotgrass (P. aviculare), in which situations the species had doubtless succeeded in producing one or more generation owing to the exceptionally hot, dry summer of that year. 1865-1880. — 1865: Near Folkestone (see First Record). 1867: Plum- stead, one, September 7 (Boden, Ent. mon. Mag., 4: 131; idem, Entomologist, 3; 347). 1877: Deal, c^, about August 30 (Tugwell, Young Nat., 4: 105; idem, Nat., n.s., 3: 41). 1879: Near Ashford, 9. September 1 (Hart. Entomologist, 12: 251). 1880: Maxton near Dover, one (Webb, 1891). A period of 65 years then elapsed before sacraria was again noted in Kent. 1945-1966. — 1945: Between Whitstable and Blean, taken at light, November 1 (Harris, Entomologist, 81 : 172). 1946: Pinden, c?, September 28 (Hare, Entomologist, 80: 67). 1947 : It is estimated that in 1947 at least 85 sacraria were noted in Kent, the majority of which were disturbed by day from clover fields and stubble, particularly the latter. Westerham, fourteen noted by Brunsdon LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (33^ and R. C. Edwards, July-October (Rothamsted Card Index). Brook, 9 at light, August 2 (C. A. W. Duffield fide E. Scott, 1950). Lydden (div. 8). (S , August 31 (Marsh, Entomologist, 81: 172). Between Shoreham and Eynsford, twenty-four in clover fields by D. F. and J. E. Owen and K. Hyatt, September 17-October 19 (Rothamsted; Owen Bull. Amat. ent. Soc.. 7 (92) : 197-198). Blackheath, one, September 19 (D. F. Owen). Chester- field (div. 3), September 21 (cT), 27 ((j') (P. F. Harris, Diary) (specimens in P. F. Harris coll, dated 1937 in error — C.-H.). Alkham (div. 8), one. September 24 (A. M. Morley). West Wickham, about 35 disturbed by walking about in a large stubble field by day. September 27-29 (W. A Cope and C.-H.). Danton near Aldington (div. 16), one, September 28 (A. M. Morley). Bromley, one at light, September (S. N. A. Jacobs). Nacking- ton (div. 8), one (P. B. Wacher). Bearsted, one, October 1 (G. Law). Pinden, several, October 4-11 (E. J. Hare). Horton Kirby (div. 6), one. October 12 (G. Law). Goudhurst (div. 13), one, October (W. V. D. Bolt). Sevenoaks (div. 10), three (T. G. Howarth). 1948: Nackington (div. 8), one, September (P. B. Wacher). 1949: West Wickham, (j' ab. sanguinaria Esp. at light (C.-H., Entomologist, 83: 95, 131). 1951: Brook, one, July 31 (Duffield, Ent. Rec., 63: 179). 1952: Midrips. Romney Marsh, one on a grass stem, midday, August 31 (A. D. Wilkinson fide French, Entomologist, 86 : 16). 1956 : Lydd, (J in m.v. trap, September 21 (D. W. H. ffennell per French. Entow.ologist, 90 : 235). Folkestone, one, July 6 (Bretherton, Ent. Rec., 69 : 245). 1958: Petham (div. 8), five, August (P. B. Wacher). Pinden, one. August 16 (E. J. Hare per French, Entomologist, 92: 175). Lee, (j', in m.v. trap, August 31 (C. G. Bruce per French, Entomologist, 92: 175). East Mailing, one in m.v. trap (Morris, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc.. 1958: 16). 1961: Hothfield Common, one, August 30, one, September 11; Ashford, one, September 14 (P. Cue). Potters Corner, near Ashford, 9 , September 7 (J. G. Elliot per P. Cue). 1963: Goudhurst, one, October 24 (W. V. D. Bolt). Pinden, two, last week of October (E. J. Hare teste de Worms. Lond. Nat., 1964: 32). 1964: Pinden, one, September 4 (E. J. Hare per Rothamsted). Lee, (S at m.v.L, September 9 (Bruce, Ent. Rec., 76: 258). 1966: Sydenham, one, September 16 (R. P. Knill-Jones per Rothamsted). Otford, one taken in m.v. trap, September 16 (W. B. L. Manley). Dover. 9, September 22 (Youden, Ent. Rec., 79: 60). Variation.— At West Wickham, September 27-29, 1947, what I judge to be ab. lahda Cram, and the nymotype were in about equal numbers, with one ab. sanguinaria Esp. (C.-H.). Owen (Bull. Amat. ent. Soc., 7 (92) : 197-198) states that of 18 sacraria taken in N.W. Kent in 1947, four were of the typical form, twelve were ab. lahda and one ab. atrifasciaria Stefan. First Record, 1865 : “I took a very fresh male . . . September 12th. within four miles of Folkestone, amongst some rough grass in the corner of a clover field” (Briggs, Ent. mon. Mag., 2 : 164). Larentiinae [Lythria purpuraria L. Doubtfully genuine. Gravesend, “taken by D. T. Button, Gravesend, in 1887”, at Burney coll, sale (South, Entomologist, 27: 104). At C. E. Fry coll, sale, nine (34) entomologist’s record, VOL., 81 15/-II/69 stated to have been taken by Button, Gravesend (Hall, Entomologist, 29 : 164). In Dale colL, a 9 “from E. G. Meek, 1870, said to have been taken by Mr Buton at Gravesend” (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 45: 176).] Mesotype virgata Hufnagel: Oblique-striped. Native. Coastal sandhills, etc.; foodplant unknown. 4. Sandwich-Deal Sandhills. — 1856 (see First Record); 1864 (Gill, Ent. mon. Mag., 1 : 243); abundant 1889-90 (Fenn, Lcp. Data); “somtimes literally in thousands” (1896, Tutt, Br. Moths, 285). Deal, plentiful. May 18, 1908, one, April 17, 1909, plentiful. May 9, 1909 (P. A. Cardew, Diary). Sand- wich, August 14, 1936, freshly emerged (A. J. L. Bowes). Of regular occurrence at Sandwich Bay where after dark the imagines may be found at rest on the posts that run along the edge of St. George’s Golf Course, and on grass stems close by; common, June 30, 1950, several, August 5, 1950, a few by day, July 2, 1955 (C.-H.). Sandwich, abundant but worn, July 5, 1957 (R. F. Bretherton). Deal, several, May 7, 1961 (Morris, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1961 : 75). Ramsgate neighbourhood* (Willson, Enotmologist, 23: 140). Margate* (Blenkarn, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 84). I suspect that both these records refer ot the Sandwich-Deal area (C.-H.). Ickham, (^ , 9 , at m.v.l., 1959, the first record for here (D. G. Marsh); were probably casuals (C.-H.). 8. Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870). 15. Littlestone, August 9, 1919 (Gillett, Diary); common, August 4, 5, 1948 (P. le Masurier). Greatstone, three, c. 1947 (J. A. Parry); fairly common in grassy places, August 1960 (D. Youngs). Dungeness, 1950 (Edwards, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1950-51: 28). Lydd Town, very common by the railway station, 1952 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 65: 44); several disturbed by day from rough grassy places, July 10, 1960, July 16, 1963 (C.-H.). 16. Folkestone Town, one, 1951 (Morley, Ent. Rec., 64: 171). First Record, 1856: Deal Sandhills, May-November (Harding, Ent. week. Int., 1 : 116). Orthoncma vittata Borkhausen: iignata Hiibner: Oblique Carpet. Native. Marshes; foodplant unknown. 1. Manor Farm Lane Swamp, Lee, one, August 24, 1862, one, September 9, 1862, six, August 19-28, 1863 (Fenn, Lepidoptera Data MS.). Eltham Swamp, one by A. H. Jones, 1866 (Fenn, Diary). Chiselhurst, one, August 16, 1911 (S. F. P. Blyth). 2. Thames Bank [Gravesend], a few June 1868 (Button, Entomologist, 4: 115). Gravesend, common (Button, Entomologist, 4: 130). Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Dartford* iV.C.H., 1908). Maidstone*, one, June 9, 1896, J. Allchin, in Maidstone Museum (C.-H.). Graveney Marshes, Faversham, 1913-14, scarce (H. C. Huggins). Whitstable, one, August 15, 1947 (P. F. Harris). Sittingbourne, one very worn, June 30, 1949 (C.-H.). Ditton. one, 1951 (G. A. N. Davis). 4. Deal (1868) (Harding, Entomologist, 4: 166); one. May 28, 1890 (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 1 : 65); one, August 22, 1890 (Fenn, Diary); August 1904 (Browne, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1904-05: 78). Sandwich district, August 6, 1884 (Tutt, Entomologist, 18: 71). “Occasional, Herne Bay” [Reculver] (A. J. L. Bowes). Westbere, several worn, August 28, 1938; Ham Fen, LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (35) one, July 2, 1955 (C.-H.). Sandwich golf course, 1961 (T. W. Harman). 8. Dover, “a lot” taken two years ago (Knaggs, 1870). Folkestone* (V.C.H., 1908). 12. Chilham* (1871, Morris, Br. Moths, 2 : 22). Wye, one worn, July 9, 1938 (C.-H.); one, August 26, 1955 (W. L. Rudland). Ashford Town, one fresh at light, September 10, 1953, one, 1957 (P. Cue). Willesborough, one in m.v. trap, July 1, 1963 (M. Singleton). Ruckinge, one, August 21, 1959 (R. G. Chatelain). 14. Sandhurst, one, 1931 (G. V. Bull). 15. Dungeness, about forty, June 18, 1938; June 10, 1939; four at light, September 18, 1954 (C.-H.); August 6, 9, 1938, common (A. J. L. Bowes); one, 1957 (P. Cue); one, August 19, 1958 (E. C. Pelham-Clinton); June 13, August 30, 1962 (T. W. Harman); one, June 28, 1962 (R. E. Scott). Dym- church, one, August 22, 1936 (G. V. Bull). 16. Folkestone Town, one, 1933 (A. M. Morley). First Record, 1862: Lee, August 24, 1862 (Fenn, Diary). O. obstipata Fabricius: fluviata Hubner: Gem. Suspected immigrant and temporary resident. Marshes, waste places, etc.; on Polygonum aviculare. Very uncertain in appearance; mainly observed singly in low-lying situations. 1. West Wickham, October 8, 1859 (Bryant, Ent. week. Int., 7: 43); one at sugar in autumn 1859 (Barrett, Ent. week. Int., 7 : 59); (j' in m.v. trap, June 17, 1958 (C.-H.); one in m.v. trap, July 19, 1969 (R. F. Birchenough). Lewisham, August 23, 1862 (Blackburn, Week. Int., 1 : 28). Lee Swamp, one, September 12, 1862; Lee-Charlton-Eltham neighbourhood, about ten on street lamps, August 24-September 18, 1865; one. May 10, three, Sep- tember 5-7, 1867 (Fenn, Diary; Jones, Ent. mon. Mag., 2 : 139), Black- heath (West, Ent. Rec., t8: 199), Farnborough, 1880 (Alderson, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley district (Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Sidcup, one at light. May 13, 1912, one, October 8, 1920 (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Petts Wood, (S , August 24, 1947 (Evans, Entomologist, 81: 72). St. Mary Cray, (S , July 20, 1948 (A. M, and F. A. Swain); (j', September 9, 1955, one, Sep- tember 24, 1967, one, July 13, 1969 (R. G. Chatelain). Bromley, September 3. 1959 (1), May 3, 1961 (1), August 6, 1964 (1) (D. R. M. Long). Bexley, July 28 (1), August 24 (1), 1967; July 10 (1), 12 (1), 15 (1), 28 (2), 1969 (D. O’Keeffe); several at m.v.L, 1969 (B. K. West); c5', September 11, 1969 (C.-H.). 2. Thames Bank [Gravesend] (Button, Entomologist, 4: 115). Near Sheerness, 1871 (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 184). Greenhithe, 1900 (Farn, Ent. mon. Mag., 36: 259). Gravesend, odd specimens, 1902-14 (H. C. Huggins). Faversham, 1913; Sittingbourne (Huggins, Entomologist, 62 : 71). Graveney, one on saltmarsh, August 28, 1958 (C.-H.). 3. Broad Oak, one at ivy bloom, October 22, 1938 (C.-H.). Canterbury, (5, 9, at light, 1946 (J. A. Parry). Eddington, 9 at light, August 14, 1950 (D. G. Marsh, Diary). 4. Deal, one, 1858 (Harding, Ent. week. Int., 5 : 20); (S at ragwort bloom, September 15, 1884 (Fenn, Diary); (j', August 8, 1892 (Fenn, Ent. Rec., 3: 285); c?. 9. August 1946 (C. M. Gummer teste Dannreuther, Entomologist, 80: 140); c?. September 26, 1948 (Gummer, Entomologist, 82: 108). Sand- wich, two, September 12, 1936 (A. J. L. Bowes); H at sugar, September 25, 1938 (C.-H.). Reculver, July 25, 1936 (A. J. L. Bowes). Minster Marshes, (36) entomologist’s record, VOL., 81 15/XII/69 two, November 6, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). Ickham near Littlebourne, 1954- 58, one or two most years, but not in 1959; $ , July 28, 1956, July 5, 1958; one, August 29, one, September 16, 1961; 9. in m.v. trap, July 13, 1964 (D. G. Marsh; Marsh, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1956: 36; Marsh, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1961: 34; French, Entomologist, 92: 175). Worth, one, August 24, 1961, (^ , July 27, 1969 (T. W. Harman). 5. Westerham, 1942; one. September 19. 1947 (R. C. Edwards); July 10, 1961 (Edwards, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1961 : 32). 6. Gravesend, odd specimens, 1902-14 (H. C. Huggins). Pinden, one. 1947 (E. J. Hare); September 25, 1961 (Hare, Proc. S. Lond. ent, nat. Hist. Soc., 1961 : 34). 6a. Darenth Wood, c? (B. K. West). 7. Eastwell, 9. September 27, 1953 (E. Scott) Westwell, August 10, 1961 (French, Entomologist, 96 : 38). 8. Folkestone* (Standish, Entomologist, a: 323); c5' , July 1866 (Meek. Ent. Ann., 1S67 : 156). Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870); (Webb, 1891); may both refer to the 1866 occurrence (C.-H.); S, September 25, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Dover, November 6, 1954 (Dufheld, Trans. Folke- stone nat. Hist. Soc., 1954: 23); September 30, October 3, 10, 1959 (French, Entomologist, 95: 177). 9. Margate, 1928 (Huggins, Entomologist, 62: 71). Ramsgate, 9, November 16. 1913 (Newman, Ent. Rec., 26: 22). Broadstairs, one, December 18, 1945 (J. W. C. Hunt). St. Peters, one, November 6, 1951, one, October 23, 1955 (W. D. Bowden). 11. Aylesford, 9, August 11, 1955, <5, June 12, 1956 (G. A. N. Davies). Park Wood near Detling, 9 , on street lamp, June 24, 1961 (B. K. West). 12. Brook (C. A. W. Duffield); Scott (1950) probably refers (C.-H); October 4, 1961 (French, Entomologist, 96: 177) Ashford, September 10, 1953 (French, Entomologist, 87: 63); Ashford Town, six in m.v. trap, July 13-September 1961, also a larva on P. aviculare on or about July 28, all taken by P. Cue (C.-H., Entomologist, 94: 310); several imagines taken in Sandyhurst lane, 1961 (M. Singleton). Wye, one, October 27, 1953; one, September 26, 9 : October 9, 1955 (W. L. Rudland). Kennington, August 29, 1955 (French, Entomologist, 89: 177). Willesborough, one, October 22, 1955; 9. July 24, 9. July 31, 9. October 8, 1956 (W. L. Rudland); one in m.v. trap, 1961 (M. Singleton). Hothfield, 1961 (1) (P. Cue, teste C.-H., Entomologist, 94 : 310). 13. Tunbridge Wells (M. M. Phipps, in Knipe, 1916). Goudhurst, one. July 10, 1961 (W. V. D. Bolt). 14. Sandhurst, 9 at light, October 17, 1930 (G. V. Bull). 15. Dungeness, c?* July 22, 1937 (A. M. Morley per Rothamsted); August 3, 1937 (A. J. L. Bowes); two, end August 1938 (Bull, Entomologist, 72 ; 15); September 3 (9), 30, 1938 (Dannreuther, Entomologist, 72: 121); a few on rush heads, September 4, 1938 (de Worms, Entomologist, 72: 262); 9 at sugar, September 28. 1938 (C.-H.); 9, at sugar, September 15, 1946 (A. M. Morley per Dannreuther, Entomologist, 86: 140); one, September 22, 1955 (E. C. Pelham-Clinton); eighteen at rest on rushes, September 10, 1961 (C.-H., Entomologist, 94: 310); September 26, 1964 (French. Entomologist, 99; 239); , September 25, 1964 (T. W. Harman), may refer to the latter despite date (C.-H.); August 15, 1969 (T. W. Harman). Lydd, one, September 30, 1956 (de Worms, Entomologist, 90: 182). New LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (37) Romney, one, August 19, 1947 at car light (P. le Masurier). Romney Marsh, 1959 (Coxey, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1959: 28); one, September 16, 1961 (Fairclough, Ent. Rec., 74: 108). 16. Sandgate, one, September 1867 (Cox. Ent. mon. Mag., 4: 154). Folkestone, cT- September 1, 1938 (Dannreuther, Entomologist, 72: 121); c5', September 15, 1946 (Morley per Dannreuther, Entomologist, SO: 140); one, November 5, 1951 (Morley, Ent. Rec., 64: 171); two cj' c^, Sentember 8, 1953 (Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1953-54: 38); October 28. 1953 (French, Entomologist, 87 : 63); November 13, 1955 (French, Ento- mologist, 89: 177); September 26, October 9,23,1956 (French, Entomologist, 90: 235); August 28, September 10, 1958 (French, Entomologist, 92: 175); 9, October 15, 1958 (Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1959: 43): June 5, October 29, 1960 (French, Entomologist, 95: 211); June 21, August 27, September 17, October 12, 13, 1961 (French Entomologist, 96: 38); June 19 (1), July 17 (1) 1962 (French, Entomologist, 97: 127). Variation. — In RCK are the following abs. : inocellata Lempke, Bexley (2), E. Kent, Herne Bay; ohsoleta Matthew. Greenhithe (1); interrupta Schawd., Herne Bay, 1908 (1); trans. ad. inocellata Lempke, Herne Bay (1); ab. with “forewing markings absent”. East Kent, one, 1908, bred L. W. Newman; ab. with “markings faint and suffused”, Greenhithe (1). Hare Hoc. cit.) exhibited his 1961 Pinden specimen as referable to ab. ohsoleta Matthew. First Record, 1853 : Kentish Coast [Deal] (Harding, in Proc. Soc. Br. Ent., September 6, 1853, per Zoologist, 4071). Xanthorhoe designata Hufnagel: Flame Carpet. Native. Woods, ianesides; foodplant unknown. 1. Bromley (Watchurst, Entomologist, 16: 19); one, June 16, 1960 (D. R. M. Long). Erith; Eltham; getting scarce (V.C.H., 1908). Lee; Lewisham; Shooters Hill; Plumstead; Bexley; Sidcup; Derrick Wood (Wool. Surv., 1909). West Wickham (V.C.H., 1908); several in Well Wood in 1947 and 1949 (C.-H.) Chislehurst, common (S. F. P. Blyth). Sidcup. one at light, August 28, 1911, one, August 24, 1913 (A R. Kidner). Becken- ham (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 82). Abbey Wood, 1953 (A. J. Showier). Orpington (R. G. Chatelain). 3. Clangate Wood, Sturry, two. May 28, June 1, 1932 (Busbridge, Diary). Broad Oak, June 22, 1944; Paddock Wood, June 13, 1946 (C.-H.). 5. Chevening, 1912-13, 1916 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). 6. Shoreham* (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 1 : 64); 1898 (Carr, Entomologist, 32 : 40). Otford (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1902: 50). Gravesend (H C. Huggins), Clay Lane Wood, 1911-12, 1915, common (F. T. Grant). 6a. Darenth Wood (H. C. Huggins). Cobham Wood, May 23, 1868 (J. J. Walker MS.); 1914 (F. T. Grant). Chattenden, 1923 (F. T. Grant). 7. Sittingbourne and Maidstone (1880) (Green, Young Nat, 1 : (34), 267). Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). Cutlers Wood, June 2, 1915 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Faversham; Sittingbourne (H. C. Huggins). Westwell (Scott, 1950). 8. Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870). Elham, two, June 13, 1926 (Busbridge, Diary). Chilham, 9, May 2, 1938 (C.-H.). Stowting; Brook* (C. A. W. Duffield). Bladbean (E. & Y., 1949). 10. Brasted Chart, August 22, 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Sevenoaks, 1919 (38) entomologist’s record, vol., 81 15/XII/69 (Gillett, Entomologist, 53: 23); three at dusk in garden, May 23, one at light, June 25, 1937 (Busbridge, Diary), Ide Hill, seven. May 27, 1939 (Busbridge, Diary). 11. Near Harrietsham (Stephens, Entomologist, 1 : 200). Bowley Mill fBlenkarn, Entomologist, 32: 278). Watringbury, very common (V.C.H., 1908). Maidstone, 1911 (F. T. Grant). Edenbridge, 1931 (F. D. Green- wood). Hoads Wood (Scott, 1936). Aylesford (G. A. N. Davis). Seven- oaks Weald, singletons, August 6, 9, 22, 31, September 1, 1959, eleven. May 9-September 11, 1960 (E. A. Sadler). 12. Mersham (Scott, 1936). Willesborough (Scott, 1936); August 23 (1), 28 (1), 1954, August 28, 1956 (1) (W. L. Rudland). Wye (Scott, 1936); one June 28, 1955 (W. L. Rudland). Ashford (Scott, 1936); c. 1952 (P. Cue). Ham Street, August 15-20, 1960 (C. R. Haxby and J. Briggs). 13. Pembury (Stainton, Man.). Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan); two, 1958 (L. R. Tesch per C. A. Stace). Goudhurst, common (W. V. D. Bolt, personal communication, 1961). 14. Tenterden (Stainton, Man.). 16. Hythe (MoiTey, 1931). Folkestone Town, one, August 29, 1953 (A. A4. Morley). First Record, 1831: Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 220). [(X. munitata Hubner : Red Carpet. Doubtless recorded in error. “It is said to be common at Westerham in Kent” (Curtis, Br. Ent., 296); “near Westerham” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 215) is most probably based upon the foregoing (C.-H.). Tunbridge Wells district (R. H. Rattray, in Knipe, 1916); “taken frequently, but I think it is very local” (E, D. Morgan, in Knipe, 1916, and in Given, 1946); not surprisingly E. D. Morgan (in litt.) was unable to confirm this when I wrote to him, nor could he give any details (C.-H.).)] X. spadicearia Denis & Schiffermuller: ferrugata sens. Haworth: ferrugaria Haworth emend.: ferrugata sens. Pierce.: Red Twin-spot Carpet. Native. Woods, hedge-banks, waste places, etc.; [on bedstraw]. Recorded from all divisions. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908). Apparently in two generations, from about mid May to early June, and again from late July to early September. In 1961, D. R. M. Long (Ent. Rec., 73: 133) noted it at light at Bromley on April 17. I cannot find a single instance on record of the discovery in Kent of the larva of this very common species. Morgan (Lepidoptera of the Tun- bridge Wells District, MS.), however, records the larva as having been found on bedstraw, but gives no particulars and this may refer to Sussex. Variation. — The majority of Kentish specimens that I have seen appear to be referable to nymotypical spadicearia. I have a single (S , taken Broad Oak, August 5, 1951, that conforms to ab. nigrofasciata Djakonov (gen. det. D. S. Fletcher), an ab. somewhat similar in general appearance to X. ferrugata Clerck ab. unidentaria Haw. (C.-H.). Morley iProc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1959: 43) exhibited a “melanic male”, taken Folkestone, June 19, 1959. First Record, 1861: Lewisham (Fenn, Diary, 20.V.1861). LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (39) X. ferragata Clerck: Dark-barred Twin-spot Carpet. Native. Woods, hedgebanks, waste places, etc.; foodplant unknown. Recorded from all divisions; few records for 15. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908); but rather less frequent than X. spadicearia, at least in my experience (C.-H.). The moth appears in two generations, May to early June and in late July to early September. 15. St. Mary-in-the-Marsh, several, July 31, 1948, August 1, 2, 5, 1948, at car lights (P. le Masurier). Dungeness, one, June 11, 1962, in m.v. trap (R. E. Scott). Lydd Town, August 1965 (D. W. H. ffennell). Variation. — The vast majority of Kentish specimens that I have seen conform to ab. unidentaria Haw., and I have only one specimen that is referable to nymotypical ferrugata (gen. det. D. S. Fletcher), taken West Wickham, May 11, 1947 (C.-H.). First Record, 1831: Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 215). X. quadrifasciata Clerck: Large Twin-spot Carpet. Native. Woods, carr; [on hawthorn] 1. Bostall Wood, June 28, 1862; Erith, $, July 23, 1875, one, July 8, 1884; Bexley, 9. June 13, 1885, one, June 25, 1886 (Fenn, Diary). Eltham; Sidcup (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909); may refer to the foregoing (C.-H.). Crayford, not uncommon (A. H. Jones, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Sidcup, one, July 29, 1911, one at light, July 23, 1922 (A. R. Kidner). Chislehurst, one, 1880 (Pim, Entomologist, 14: 70); one, 1914 (Rait-Smith, Ent. Rec., 27: 170); one in the garden, July 11, 1905 (S. F. P. Blyth). Bexley, one, July 16, 1899 (Carr, Entomologist, 33: 130); Lee (Carr, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1893: 109), may refer (C.-H.); (L. T. Ford). Joydens Wood, July 13, 15, 1969 (B. K. West). 2. Near Sheerness, one beaten out of thatch, 1871 (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 184). 3. Perry Wood (Morris, Br. Moths, 2 : 20). Canterbury*, one, July 1904, two, 1907, in F. A. Small coll. (C.-H.). Ridgeway (A. J. L. Bov/es). Herne Bay (D. G. Marsh). Den Grove, one, June 25, 1938; Broad Oak, one, July 11, 1946 (C.-H.). Kent*, one, 1861 (Cox, et al, Ent. week. Int., 10: 124). 4. Ham Fen, one, 1935 (E. & Y., 1949); one, July 20, 1967 (T. W. Har- man). Ickham, fairly numerous annually, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). 5. Halstead (R. E. Fram.pton coll.). 6. Greenhithe (Earn MS.). Upper Hailing, one, July 8. 1904, H. Elgar; Biriing, one, June 29, 1907, H. C. Huggins; both in Maidstone Mus. (C.-H.). Snodland, a few, July 20, 1908 (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 21 : 32). Biriing, July 15, 1911 (F. T. Grant). Gravesend (H. C. Huggins). Fav^kham; Green Street Green (E. J. Hare). Farningham Road, one, June 26, 1964 (R. G. Chatelain). 6a. Darenth Wood (see First Record); 1860 (Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 9: 59); one, July 27, 1874 (Fenn, Diary); larva spun up in honeysuckle leaf growing on hawthorn. May 16, imago emerged June 26, 1925, the larva appeared to have fed on the hawthorn (F. T. Grant); one, July 18, 1936, and two others (B. K. West). Cobham Wood (J. J. Walker, in Chaney, 1884-87); June 10, 1912, June 16, 1914, July 8, 1916 (F. T. Grant). High Halstow, July 12, 1958 (Gould, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1958: 75). 7. Westwell, July 8, 1935 (A. J. L. Bowes); Scott (1936) probably refers (40) entomologist’s record, VOL., 81 15/III/70 (C.-H.); July 8, 1946 (Bull, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1946-47; 168); one, June 13, 1960 (M. Enfield); one, July 24, 1963 (C.-H.). Belmont (H. C. Huggins), Godmersham, one, July 9, 1946 (C.-H.). Bearsted, one in G. Law coll. (C.-H.). White Hill (Scott, 1950). 8. Deal* (Morris, Br. Moths, 2 : 20). Folkestone* (Uliyett, 1880). Brook* (C. A. W. Duffield). Temple Ewell, June 21, 1946, one (A, M. Morley in E. & Y., 1949). Betteshanger, four, July 6, 1957 (R. F. Bretherton). Dover, one, 1946 (Gardiner, Ent. Gaz., 10; ID. Bridge, one, July 12, 1953 (W. B. L. Manley). 10. Seal (Carrington, Entomologist, 13; 76). 11. Nettlestead, five, July 1880 (Thornewill, Entomologist, 14; 117). Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908); one, July 4, 1959 (C.-H.). Maidstone [West Mailing] three in my coll, bred in 1905 by W. A. Cope from ova deposited by a captured 9 (C.-H.). West Mailing, July (2). August 4 (4), 1947 (W. A. Cope). Maidstone district* (Green, Ent. Rec., 53; 109). Maidstone, one, 1953, one, July 16, 1955 (E. Philp). Aylesford, 1950 (1); 1951 (1); June 14 (1), July 11 (2), 12 (1), 16 (1), 1955; July 18 (1), 26 (1) 1956; July 4 (1), 12 (1), 19 (1) 1957 (G. A. N. Davis). 12. Chartham, four, c. 1950 (P. B. Wacher). Ham Street, one, 1951 (G A. N. Davis). Ashford Town, July 21, 1955 (P. Cue). Wye* (Scott, 1936). Willesborough, one, August 3, 1955, one, July 24, 1956 (W. L. Rudland); one, at light, July 1958 (M. Singleton). Wye, two. July 18-August 3, 1954, two August 2-10, 1955, five, July 22-August 10, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). West Ashford, one at light, 1959, one at light, June 13, 1960 (M. Enfield). 14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). Variation. — The form with the central band velvety black, ab. thedenii Lampa is of fairly frequent occurrence, e.g., my three specimens from Den Grove, Godmersham and Wateringbury, are referable here; as are the Ham Street specimen and six of the Aylesford specimens taken by G. A. N. Davis (C.-H.). In RCK are the following named abs. ; thedenii Lampa, Bexley, one, 1895; reduplicata Heinrich, Ashford, two, 1892, Darenth, one, 1903; tangens Lempke, Chatham, one, 1908, Wateringbury, one, 1902, East Kent, one, 1934, dissolutaria Petersen, Ashford, one, 1902. A. M. Morley’s specimen from Temple Ewell conforms to ab. dissolu- taria Petersen (E. & Y., 1949). First Record, 1831 ; “I have taken the insect several times at Darenth” (Stephens, Haust., 3; 216). X. montanata Denis & Schiffermuller: Silver-ground Carpet. Native. Woods, copses, bushy places; on primrose. Recorded from all divisions except 2, 9, 15; few records for 4. “Generally abundant” (V.C.H., 1908). This assessment is not supported by the records, for though the moth is often plentiful in deciduous woodland, it is markedly less so else- where in the county, and in some parts may be rare or absent. The insect is normally single brooded with perhaps a partial second generation. Knaggs (1870) gives May and August for the times of appear- ance; on the other hand, Tutt (Ent. Rec., 3: 188) emphatically states that he never once encountered a second brood specimen. Anderson (Young Nat., 1 ; 17) records collecting larvae at West Wick- ham on March 27, 1880, “from the undersides of primrose leaves”; and Fenn (Diary) bred a moth on May 21. 1861, from a larva that he took at LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (41) West Wickham on March 23 that year. 4. Stodmarsh, June 10, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). Ickham, not common, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). Variation. — The following aberrations are in RCK: — lutescens Lempke, Chattenden, one, 1885; Westwell one, 1906, L. B. Prout; continuata Krulik, Chattenden, one, 1885; approximata Lempke, Westerham, one; tangens Lempke, Westerham, one; Chattenden, one; pseudolapponica Schawerda, Wye, one, 1912; albomarginata Lempke, Folkestone, one, 1905; Halstead, 1888; degenerata Prout + approximata Lempke, Bexley, one; Westwell. one, trans ad candidata Nitsche, Chattenden, three; candidata Nitsche, Chattenden, one; reticulata Cockayne, holotype 9- “J- Juby/28.6/32/ Wrotham” (cf. Cockayne, Ent. Rec., 65: 162). Ab. fuscomarginata Stgr. is common in Kent, and I have specimens from various localities; ab. degenerata Prout on the other hand, is rela- tively scarce, and I have only one example, taken Broad Oak, 1953. My series from Kent also contains three good ab. nigrofasciata Ostelder, each of which has the band abnormally broad (C.-H.). First Record, 1859: Greenhithe (Fenn, Diary, Sl.v.1859). X. fluctuata L.: Garden Carpet. Native. Gardens, waste places, etc.; on Alliaria petiolata, “yellow alyssum”. Frequent (particularly in suburban and town areas) and recorded from all divisions. “Generally abundant” (V.C.H., 1908). The moth appears to be normally double brooded, but a partial third generation may sometimes occur. At Sidcup, Kidner (Diary) noted it in 1921 as early as April 7; and in 1938 on April 10, from May 16-June 21, July 26, and then from August 29-September 26. In 1955, W. L. Rudland recorded seeing it at Willesborough as late as October 23. Kidner (Diary) found larvae in his garden at Sidcup on September 30, 1925, July 9, 1926 (several), July 18, 1927, July 29, 1932 (2), but gave no record of the foodplant. D. R. M. Long, however, records having taken the larva at Bromley on Hedge Garlic (A. petiolata); and D. O’Keefe took six full-fed larvae in mid October 1968, on yellow alyssum in his garden at Bexley. Variation. — The following are in RCK: — Abs. fihulata Hufn., Lewis- ham., one, May 1892; ahstersata H.-S., Lewisham, one, 1891, one, 1901; putridaria H.-S., Lewisham, one, 1909, one, 1892, one, 1899; undulata Prout, Lewisham, one, 1908; insolida Prout, Lev/isham, one, 1868; albescens Lempke, Faversham, one, 1908; degenerata Lempke, Lewisham, one, 1900; approximata Lempke, Lewisham, 1900; costovata Haw., Lewisham, one, 1907; deleta CklL, “London S. E./H. J. Turner/ 1889”; fumata Cockayne, holotype, Bexley, bred L. W. Newman, 1911, A (cf. Ent. Rec., 65: 162). Also, one somatic mosaic, “Lewisham, 26.6.99”. Roche (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 19<S.8-49: 18) exhibited ab. costovata Haw., from Kemsing; and Morley (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1943“44: 18) ab. neapolisata Mill., from Folkestone. Other abs. from Kent have been recorded by Buckstone (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist Soc., 1925-26: 59), Boutell (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1890: 40> and Stevens (Ent. mon. Mag., 13: 69). First Record, 1835: Kent (Wood, Index, Entomologicus, 91 ». 15/III/70 (42) entomologist’s record, VOL., 81 Scotcpteryx bipimctaria Denis & Schiffermueller ssp. cretata Prout: Chalk Carpet. Native. Downs, railway banks, cliffs; on Lotus corniculatus. Chiefly on the chalk frequent and locally abundant in 5, 6, 7, 8; elsewhere probably mainly casual nowadays. “Generally abundant on the chalk” (V.C.H., 1908). Obs. — At Trottiscliffe (div. 6), I took a larva on L. corniculatus, April 20. 1961 (C.-H.). 1. Charlton sandpit (Bedell, Zoologist, 735). Near Sydenham* (Cox, Ent. week. Int., 6: 188). Grove Park, common 1885, 1887; Brown’s Woods, Halfway Street, 1885 (Fenn, Diary). Sydenham (Sellon, Ent. Rec., 2: 164). Brockley (Wool. Surv., 1909). Eltham (V.C.H., 1908). Sidcup, one, at light, 1909; a few, July 19, 1925; one at light, July 29, 1927 (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Petis Wood, fairly frequent at light, very common in 1948 (E. Evans); 1950 (A. M. & F. A. Swain). Orpington, 1948-53 (L. W. Siggs). West Wick- ham, 1951 (E. Trundell). 2. Royal Oak, Sheppey, 1869 (J. J. Walker MS). Sheerness, abundant on the cliffs, 1871 (Walker, Ent. man. Mag., 8; 185). Sheppey, one, 1900 (Fletcher, Entomologist, 34: 371). Dartford (B. K. West). 3. Near Herne Bay* (Butler, Ent. week Int., 6: 180). Whitstable, one, 1935, two, 1937, one, 1942 (P. F. Harris). 4. Sandwich, one, September 18, 1954 (W. D. Bowden). 6a. Chattenden, one July 27, 1862 (A. H. Jones teste Fenn, Diary). 9. Ramsgate (Willson, Entomologist, 23: 140); July 27, August 8, 14, 1910 (J. W. C. Hunt). Cliffs between Westgate and Birchington, three, July 19, 1919; Kingsgate, July 17, 1920; Hengrove, five, July 15, 1915 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Margate, one, August, 11, 1932 (P. F. Harris). 11. East Mailing, one, 1951; Aylesford, 1951 (1), 1952 (1), 1953 (1), August 10, 1955 (1) (G. A. N. Davis). 12. Wye, 1953 (2), 1954 (1) (W. L. Rudland). 13. Tunbridge Wells, common, 1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2 : 229). Hobb’s Hill (Given, 1946). 15. Dungeness, July 4, 1945 (A. M. Morley). 16. Folkestone Town (Morley, Ent. Rec., 64: 171); a few (A. M. Morley). Variation. — In RCK are the following named abs. : — fasciata Prout, one, Charing, 1923; trans ad fasciata Prout, Greenhithe, 1913; erichi Schawd, Otford, 1913, Folkestone, 1913, 1915; extrapunctata Dann., Snod- land, 1901, 1904; strangulata Hackray, Folkestone, 1923; margaritata Lempke, Dover, 1881, Snodland, 1905, Charing, 1923, Folkestone, 1905. First Record, 1831 : “Abounds in the fields near Darenth-wood” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 212). S. chenopodiata L.: limitata Scopoli: Shaded Broad-bar. Native. Downs, waste places, etc.; foodplant unrecorded. Found in all divisions, but appears to show a preference for light soils and dry situa- tions. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908). Gillett (Diary) states that he bred an imago on August 1, 1916 from a larva taken wild at Chevening, but does not specify the foodplant. Fletcher (Entomologist, 34: 72) records that in 1900 he found the moth in Sheppey, “common amongst mallow”. Variation. — In RCK are the following named abs.: — hirgittae Nord- strom, Deal, 1898, Herne Bay, 1904, Folkestone, 1923; plurimelineata LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (43) Stauder, Deal, 1898; clarior Nordstrom, Shoreham, Kent, 1930. First Record, 1844: Charlton Sand-pit (Bedell, Zoologist, 735). [(S'. mucTonata Scopoli ssp. umbrijera Heydemann Dartford Heath (West, Entomologist, 86 : 165), is referable to S. luridata (Hufnagel) (q.o.) (C.-H.).)] S. luridata (Hufnagel): plumbaria (Fabricius): Lead Belle. Native. Heaths, chalk downs, shingle beach; on Ulex europaeus. Genista anglica. I. Dartford Heath, larvae found on furze (Machin, Entomologist, 4: 154); found larvae in April, on “dwarf gorse” and G. anglica imagines reared (L. T. Ford); several imagines, June 20, 1925 (A. R. Kidner); several taken May 30, 1952 (West, Entomologist, 86 : 165) (were incorrectly determined as S. mucronata Scopoli (q.v.)); several, June 20, 1953, several, June 14, 1957 (C.-H.); one, July 1968 (D. O’Keefe). Erith, one, June 27, 1884; Pauls Cray, one, June 27, 1884, one, July 7, 1888, one, July 21, 1890 (Fenn, Diary). Shooters Hill; Foots Cray; Bexley; Hayes (Wool. Surv., 1909). West Wickham (V.C.H., 1908). Keston, two bred, June 29, 1901, in E. Nottle coll. (C.-H.). Chislehurst, one, July 14, 1907 (S. F. P. Blyth); five Gcj', June 15, 1963 (C.-H.). Bromley, one, July 29, 1960 (D. R. M. Long). 3. Faversham* (Morris, Br. Moths, 2 : 37), Blean, two, June 25, 1906, one, July 1, 1907; East Blean, two, July 5, 1908; ail in J. Platt Barrett coll. (C.-H.). Herne, singletons, June 6, 1937, June 4, 17, 1942 (P. F. Harris). 6. Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Shoreham (V.C.H., 1908). Pinden, one, July 2, 1946 (E. J. Hare). 6a. Darenth Wood (see First Record). Chattenden, two, June 28, 1869 (J. J. Walker MS.); three, July 12, 1884, two, June 12, 1886, very common June 8, 1889, two, June 20, 1891, one, June 17, 1893 (Fenn, Diary); (Chaney, Rochester Nat., 1885: 10); several June 20, 1906, H. C. Huggins, in Maid- stone Mus. (C.-H.). Chattenden (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 4: 229). 7. Boxley, two, E. BLartlett], in Maidstone Mus. (C.-H.). 8. East Downs, Folkestone, June (Ullyett, 1880). Folkestone*, one, July 20, 1929, S. P. Doudney, in my coll. (C.-H.). Dover (Webb, 1899); Kearsney, June 25, 1899, three, June 22, 1903; Combe Slopes, two, June 25, 1903, one, July 4, 1904 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary et coll.); Poulton Woods, June 12, 1908 (Cardew, Diary). Deal* (V.C.H., 1908). Ewell Minnis; Whin- less Down (E. & Y., 1949). Near Alkham (Morley, 1931). Chilham. 1936 (C.-H.). Crundale (Scott, 1936). Wye, one, June 2, 1920 (H. G. Gomm, Diary); (C. A. W. Duffield). 9. Ramsgate* (Willson, Entomologist, 23 : 140). 10. Chart Warren, Sevenoaks, August 3, 1946 (G. E. Law). II. Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908). 13. Tunbridge Wells district, swarming (Cox, Entomologist, 4 (62) ii); 1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2: 229), “Formerly very abundant on Broad- water Forest, a few on Ramslye straying over on to rough fields in June” (E. D. Morgan, in litt). 15. It is interesting to note that there is no record for this div. prior to 1954 (C.-H.). Dungeness, one, June 19, 1954, two, June 30, 1962 (R. F. Birchenough); June 30-July 3, 1954 (R. F. Bretherton); frequently flushed from herbage, July 9, 1955 (Wakely, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1955: 78); three, 1956 (W. V. D. Bolt); in m.v. trap, June 29 (1), 30 (3), (44) entomologist’s record, VOL. 82 15/IV/70 July 6 (1), 7 (1), 1962; and in m.v. trap at Boulderwall. June 12 (1), 15 (2), July 3, 1966 (R. E. Scott). Variation. — Cockayne (Ent. Rec., 53 : 26) records a 9 ab. luridata Bork., in RCK from the O’Reilly coll., labelled Tunbridge Wells, 1868. Also in RCK is ab. umhrifera Heyd., one, Dartford, bred 1909. First Record, 1831 : “Very abundant on heaths by the sides of woods . . . especially at . . . Darenth Wood’’ (Stephens. Haust., 3: 210). Catarhoe ruhldata Denis & Schiffermueller; The Flame. Native. Hedgerows, bushy places; on bedstraw. 1. Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 237). Near Woolv/ich (Jones, Ent. vjeek. Int., 10: 187). Burnt Ash Lane. Lee. and George Lane, Lewisham, several, June 11-20, seven, June 28, 1861; several. June 3-27, twenty, June 11, 1862 (Fenn, Diary). Near Lewisham. 1867 (Adkin, Entomologist, 4 (51) ii). [West Wickham] *(Huckett, Ent. iveek. Int., 10: 115). Bexley; Orping- ton (Carr, Entomologist, 32: 40). Bromley Road; Halfway Street; Eltham; Hayes. Keston, one, 1901 (Wool. Surv., 1909). Kidbrook Lane, very com- mon amongst rose bushes (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 199). 2. Sheppey (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 184; idem, Ent. mon. Mag., 9: 163). 3. Broad Oak. frequent at light in 1946 and in other years (C.-H.). Eddington, one, July 14, 1948; one, June 28. 9 at light July 4, several at light, July 5. 1949 (D. G. Marsh). 4. Deal* (Harding. Ent. week. Int., 6 : 91). Ham Fen, one, June 17. 1950 (C.-H.). Minster Marshes, seven, June 25, one, July 2, 1951, one, June 18, 1952 (W. D. Bowden). 5. Chevening. June 12. 16, 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). 6. Longfield (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (54) ii). Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Otford (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1902: 50). Clay Lane Wood; Birling (H. C. Huggins). Upper Hailing (Hards & Gould, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1958: 79). 6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, loc. cit.). Chattenden (H. C. Huggins). 7. Darland Hill (Chaney, Rochester Nat., 1SS5: 10). Westwell, numerous, 1945-47 (E. Scott). 8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Kearsney, one, May 10, 1896; six, June 27, 1901; Chilton, Alkham, one, July 12, 1899 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary). Dover, one, June 9, 1945 (B. O. C. Gardiner). Ringwouid (E. & Y., 1949). Stowting; Brook (C. A. W. Duffield). Folkestone, one. June 28, 1956 (R. W. Fawthrop teste A. M, Morley). 9. Ramsgate, one, June 3, 1911 (J. W. C. Hunt). 11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Hoads Wood (P. Cue teste E. Scott). Seven- oaks Weald, three, June 18-July 1, 1960 (E. A. Sadler). 12. Wye. 9. July 9, 1938 (C.-H.); one, June 28, 1955, one, July 24, 1956 (W. L. Rudiand). Ham Street, July 22, 1946 (C.-H.); 9 , at m.v.l. in Birchett Wood, July 23, 1969 (B. F. Skinner). Warehorn (Scott, 1950). Willesborough, one, June 29, 1955 (W. L. Rudiand). 13. Pembury (Stainton, Man.). Tunbridge Wells* .fairly common (R. H. Rattray in Knipe. 1916); scarce (Given, 1946). Goudhurst, one, 1955 (W. V. D. Bolt). 14. Tenterden (Stainton, Man.). Sandhurst, July 27, 1946 (G. V. Bull, Diary). Hawkhurst, one, 1952, one, 1953 (B. G. Chatfield). LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (45) 15. Dungeness (Edwards, Proc. S. Loud, ent.nat. Hist. Soc., 1957: 26). First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit. C. cuculata Hufnagel: sinuata Denis & Schiffermueller: Royal Mantle. Resident. Hedge-sides, field-borders, woods; on Galium mollugo. This species has shown a very marked and interesting extension of range into Kent within recent times. After a period of more than fifty years with no record of occurrence, the moth appeared in 1952 in div. 5 on the extreme north-western edge of the county, since when it has spread eastwards into 1 and 6. 1. Between Darenth and Birch Wood* (see First Record). Sidcup, “Wil- liams of Sidcup was telling me that Hickling, a man who lives near him. took several sinuata in a wood on the right hand side of the line past Sidcup station, one of which was a 9 from which he bred a lot from the ova she laid” (Fenn, Diary, 13. ii. 1890). St. Mary Cray, one, September 3, 1955, one July 3, 1957 (R. G. Chatelain). Bromley, one in m.v. trap, July 15, 1964 (D. R. M Long). Orpington, one, July 17, 1964, one, August 17, 1965 (I. A. Watkinson). Bexley, 9 » 1966 (D. O’Keefe). 3. Kent [Blean?]*, one taken 1861 (Cox et al., Ent. week. Int., 10: 124). Blean Wood, several (1871) (Parry, Entomologist, 5: 366). East Kent*, one emerged June 19, 1875, from larva taken August 1874 (Jennings, Ento- mologist, B: 183). 5. Westerham, by the Pilgrims Way. — one, at light, 1952; five at light, 1953 (R. C. Edwards; Dixon & Edwards, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 185^”55: 24-25); noted here annually since 1952 (R. C. Edwards personal comm., xii. 1961); several larvae on G. mollugo, August 28, 1954; two larvae on G. mollugo, September 3, 1956, one of v/hich parasitized by Apanteles fulvipes Hal., det. G. E. J. Nixon (C.-H.) Biggin Flill, a larVa on G. mollugo, September 4, 1954; Badgers Mount, four larvae on G. mollugo, September 2, 1961, one of which parasitized by Meteorus deceptor Wesmael, det. R. D. Eady (C.-H.). 6. Otford, 1955 (W. B. L. Manley in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956; 92). Eynsford, two, July 10, 1960, about 20 larvae on G. mollugo, August 1969 (R. G. Chatelain); about 15 at light, August 2, 1962 (C. G. Bruce, B. F. Skinner & R. Fox;; several, June 26, several, July 6, 1968 (D. O’Keefe). 16. Hythe West, five, July 1898 (Heitland, Entomologist, 31 : 222). Variation. — One reared May, 1957 from larva taken Westerham, September 3, 1956, is referable to ab. circulata Rebel (C.-H.). First Record, 1831 : “Very rare; the only locality I know is a lane between Darenth and Birch woods” (Stephens, Haust.,B: 237). [Epirrhoe tristata L.; Small Argent and Sable. Doubtfully Kentish. 1. “Farnborough, uncommon” (H. Aiderson, in Wool. Surv., 1909>. There are no tristata in the H. A. Aiderson coll. (C.-H.). 8. Dover district*, the species is listed among those that had become scarcer in East Kent (Webb, S. E. Nat., 1903 : 55).] E. alternata O. F. Muller; sociata Borkhausen; Common Carpet. Native. Woods, marshes, hedgebanks, waste places, etc.; [on Galium aparinel Frequent and found in ail divisions. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908). (46) entomologist’s record, VOL. 82 15/IV/70 There are two generations, the moths of the second brood being nor- mally fewer in number and smaller in size. A. R. Kidner (Diary) records finding two larvae at Sidcup on October 2, 1927, but makes no mention of the foodplant. E. D. Morgan (Lepidoptera of Tunbridge Wells MS.) gives the feral pabulum as “bedstraw”, but this may refer to Sussex. At Ham Fen, I have observed the moth flying in abundance among and settling on G. aparine, and strongly suspect this to be the foodplant there (C.-H.). Variation. — Haworth (Lep. Brit., 2 : 333) refers to the hoiotype of his ab. degenerata thus : “Habitat Cantio rarissime. Exemplarum solum vidi”. This is indeed a rare ab., and the only Kentish example that I have seen is one which I took at Dungeness, August 5, 1955 (C.-H.). First Record, 1804 : Haworth, loc. cit. E. rivata Hubner: "Wood Carpet. Native. Hedgebanks, dov/ns, wood-borders, bushy places; foodplant unknown. Frequent on the chalk in 5-8. “Common on the chalk” (V.C.H., 1908). I. West Wickham Wood (Wells, Entomologist, 24: 74); 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell). Courtfield Wood, two, July 8, 1884 (Fenn, Diary), Lewisham, 1885 (Marriott, Young Nat., 7 : 79). Kidbrook; Lee; Lewisham; Bexley; Eltham; Wilmington (Wool. Surv., 1909). Orpington, 1954 (L. W. Siggs); one, July 28, 1964 (I. A. Watkinson). 3. Broad Oak, 1938, and occasionally at light subsequently to 1955 (C.-H.) Oldridge Wood (J. A. Parry). Eddington, at light, July 5, 1949 (D. G. Marsh, Diary). 4. Deal, August 7, 1890 (Fenn, Diary). Ham Fen, one, June 17, 1950 (C.-H.). Minster*, July 2, 6, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). Ickham, occasionally, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). 9. Ramsgate, one, 1910, two, 1911, one, 1913 (J. W. C. Hunt). Brooks End, two (W. D. Bowden). II. Hoads Wood, one, June 20, 1951 (W. L. Rudland). 12. Ashford (P. Cue per E. Scott). Willesborough, two, 1954, three, 1955, three, 1956; Wye, two, 1955-56 (W. L. Rudland). Orlestone Woods, two, July 28, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton). 13. Pembury, common (Stainton, Man.); c. 1950 (V. M. Sage). Tun- bridge Wells* (Knipe, 1916). 14. Tenterden, common (Stainton, Man.). Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). 15. Burmarsh, two at dusk, August 17, 1947 (P. le Masurier). 16. Folkestone, one, September 10, 1953 (A. M, Morley), Variation. — Sauze (Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1896: 9) exhibited an ab. from Deal, “having the broad white fascia on the fore- wings bisected throughout its length by a distinct dark line, which was faintly continued in the corresponding white band on the hind-wings” In RCK are : ab. maculata Rebel, Folkestone; also, an ab. with “median band widened”, Dover, 1893. First Record, 1809 : “Habitat in cretaceis sepibus in Cantio. ImagO' f. Jul. frequens” (Haworth, Lepidoptera Britannica, 332). E. galiata Denis & Schiffermueller: Galium Carpet. Native. Chalk cliffs and downs, shingle beach, rough grassy places. LEPIDOFTERA OF KENT (47) etc.; foodplant unrecorded. 1. Dartford*; Shooters Hill (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 199). Bexley district (L. W. Newman, in Wool, Surv., 1909). Woolwich*, 1939 (R. G. Rigden, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 90). 5. Westerham (R. C. Edwards). 6. Cuxton (Chaney, Rock. Nat., 1885: 10). Eynsford, a few, August 1912 (S. F. P. Blyth); one, 1954 (B. K. West). Pinden (E. J. Hare). 6a. Cobham Wood (Chaney, loc. cit). 7. Rochester-Maidstone Road (Chaney, loc. cit). Westweli (Scott. 1936); d, August 17, 1955 (P. Cue, per E. Scott). Walderslade, one, 1951 (G. A. N. Davis). 8. Recorded many times coastally from Deal to Folkestone. The only inland records are: Alkham, July 5, 1934 (J. H. B. Lowe). Stowding; Brook (C. A. W. Dufheld). Wye. (Scott, 1936). Betteshangar Park, two, June 11, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). 9. Margate (Spiller, Entomologist, 46: 318); a few on fences and dis- turbed from bushes, June 29-August 19, 1915, May 20, 1920, one. September 10, 1923 (H. G. Gomm, Diary); (H. C. Huggins). Ramsgate (Schooling, Proc. Nonpareil ent. nat. Hist. Soc., March 4, 1897, per Entomologist, 30 : 153). 13. Tunbridge Wells, 1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2: 229). Tunbridge V(^ells* (Knipe, 1916). 15. Dungeness, June 13. 1931, June 25, August 13, 1932, May 24, 1933 (G. V. Bull, Diary); June 11, 1932 (J. H. B. Lowe); (E. J. Hare); two, June 14, 1955 (G. A. N. Davis); three, 1957 (P. Cue); a few, August 18-19, 1958 (E. C. Pelham-Clinton); 1959 (A. L. Goodson); thirty-two, June 8- July 13, with max. ten on June 30, six, August 8-30. 1962, all in m.v. trap (R. E. Scott); 1967 (de Worms, Entomologist, 101 : 117). 16. Folkestone*, larvae and imagines (Meek, Ent. mon. Mag., 1 : 190). Folkestone Town, three (A. M. Morley). First Record, 1831: Near Dover, one, 1818, abundant June 1819 (Stephens, Haust., 3: 223). r Costaccmvexa polygrammata Borkhausen: Many Lined. Questionably Kentish. I rather doubt the following record. The moth, which is now extinct and closely resembles in appearance Orthonama vittata Borkhausen, was apparently restricted to the Cambridgeshire fens. Moreover, the figures of each in Newman’s Natural History of British Moths — the popular work at the time — are transposed, which must have added greatly to the con- fusion. “Mr Webb states that a specimen was taken at the Mill Pond at Dart- ford, in 1874” (H. Goss, in V.C.H., 1908).] Camptogramma bilmeata L.: Yellow Shell. Native. Hedgerows, gardens, bushy places, waste ground, etc.; on “chickweed”. In all divisions. “Generally abundant” (V.C.H., 1908). The moth is in one generation, from about the third week of June to well into August, but has been recorded exceptionally as follows : May 25, 1893, at Lee (Fenn, Diary); May 27, 1912, at Chevening (Giliett, Diary); September 13, 1935, at Sidcup (A. R. Kidner); and September 21, 1963, at (48) entomologist’s record, VOL. 32 15/ VIII /TO Bromley (D. R. M. Long). It is seldom observed at light, but occasionally comes to sugar and more often to the blossoms of Kentranthus, buddlela, etc. Kidner (Diary) records the larva as fairly plentiful in his garden at Sidcup in February and March 1920, and several there from February 16, 1936, but gives no indication of the foodplant. D. R. M. Long, however, records finding the larva at BromJey on chickweed. Variation. — Hawkins (Entomologist, 53: 59-60, fig.) described ab. virgata Hawkins on the basis of a $ that he took at Herne Bay, July 22, 1923. In RCK are the following named abs.: margaritata Kautz, Lev/isham, 1891, Westwell, 1909; infuscata Gumppenberg, Margate, 1907, 1908, West- well, 1908(2), Lewisham, 1896, Herne Bay, 1908, Bexley, 1915, Shoreham, 1909, Dover, 1881, Folkestone, 1901, North Kent, 1920; fuscojasciata Meves, Frindsbury, 1884, Lewisham, 1894, Sidcup. 1911, Margate, 1908; bubaceki Kautz, Folkestone, 1896, Dover, 1889, S. Webb, one (figured Barrett. Lep. Br. Is.. 8; pit. 364, fig. 2b); stygiata Kautz, North Kent, 1920(2), Folkestone, 1903; brunneata Kautz, Westcombe Park, 1893; flavobrunnea Lempke, Folkestone, 1906. Also, a somatic mosaic, “D. Watson/Southfleet/24.7. 1928". First Record, 1861 : Burnt Ash Lane. Lee. in considerable abundance, June 1861 (C. & J. Fenn, Diary). [(Entephria flavicinctata Hiibner: Yellow-ringed Carpet. Recorded erroneously (in Ent. Gaz., 10: 12) as having occurred severally at Dover in 1943 and 1944)]. Larentia clavaria Haworth: Mallow Moth. Native. Waste places, marshes, waysides, gardens; on Malva sylvestris, [M. rotundiflora] , Althaea officinalis, hollyhock. Frequent and found in all divisions. The larva has mostly been found on M. sylvestris. Thus. Knaggs (1870) noted it as abundant on this on the Lower Sandgate Road, Folkestone; and I found it plentifully on this in waste places bordering saltmiarshes at Stoke and elsewhere in div. 2; also, upon a dwarf form, of Malva at Dunge- ness, that I suspect is M. rotundiflora (C.-H.). The larva has also occurred on hollyhock, at Farnborough (W. Barnes, in Wool, Surv., 1909), and in gardens at Ashford (P. Cue, teste E. Scott); and on A. officinalis on Rom- ney Marsh (Edwards & Wakely, Ent. Rec.. 7G: 94>. Variation. — In RCK are: ab. edentata Schwing., “Wye/ *l[arva] 7.9.06/ L. B. Prout’’ (1); an ab. with “reddish ground”, “Wye/ *l[arva] 27.9.06/L. B. Prout” (1). First Record, 1831: Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haus., 3: 211). Anticlea badiata Denis & Schiffermulier: Shoulder-stripe. Native. Bushy-places, hedgerows, woods; on dog rose. In all divisions. “Generally commion” (V.C.H., 1908). The insect is normally out from the beginning of April, but in 1868 was noted in Sheppey as early as March 7 (J. J. Walker, MS.), and in 1911 at Ramsgate as late as May 22 (J. W. C, Hunt). A. R. Kidner (Diary) records finding the larva as follov/s : Farningham, June 9 (4). July 10 (1), 1926, July 21, 1929; Eynsford Downs, June 15. 1930 (young larvae fairly numerous). D. R. M. Long has had the larva on dog LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (49) j rose at Lullingstone; and it has aiso been taken on this at Farnborough ; (Chatelain et al, Ent. Rec., 81 ; 109); and by me at Farningham Wood, on j June 8, 1969 (C.-H.). Variation. — In RCK is ab. impuncta Lempke, one, “Lewisham Bred " 1387“. ; First Record, 1861 : Lewisham, April 5, 1861 (C. Cortissos teste Fenn, j Diary). A. derivata Denis & Schiffermulier; mgrofasciaria Goeze: Streamer. Native. Woods, bushy places, etc.; on rose. 1. Lewisham-Lee neighbourhood, 1845 (Stainton, Zoologist, 1089); April 29, May 1861, two. May 19, 1862 (Fenn., Diary; idem, Ent. Rec., 8 ; 230); one. 1868. one. 1904 (R. Adkin, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Beckenham, 1863 (Leigh, Week. Ent., 2; 118). Dartford Heath (Jenner, Week. Ent., 2: 197). Eltharn, occasionally on palings (A. H. Jones in Buckell & Prout, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 72). Eden Park, one (L. B. Prout in Buckell & Prout, loc. cit.). Plumstead (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 199). Farn- borough; Keston (W. Barnes in Wool. Surv., 1909). Hayes district, 1899 (Carr, Entomologist, 33: 47). Bexley, one, 1898 (Carr, Entomologist, 32, 40). Keston, one, June 1, 1901, in E. Nottle coll. (C.-H.). Bromley (V.C.H., 1908). Dartford (V.C.H., 1908); fairly common (B. K. West). West Wick- ham (R. F. Birchenough in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1958: 97); one, 1958 (C.- H.). Petts Wood, one, 1938, in A. M. & F. xA.. Swain coll. (C.-H.). Keston, one, May 3, 1964 (R. G. Chatelain). 2. Faversham (H. C. Huggins). 3. Perry Wood (A. J. L. Bowes). Broad Oak, one. May 14, 1938 (C.-H.). Oldridge Wood, larvae beaten from rose. c. 1946 (J. A. Parry). Herne Bay, 9- May 18, 1947 (D. G. Marsh). 5. Chevening, eleven, April 23-May 16, 1912; May 4, 1913; April 29, 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). Near Cudham, three in a lane. May 3, 1933 (T. G. Edwards. Diary). 6. Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Gravesend, May 10, 1911 (F. T. Grant), Otford, June 19, 1915 (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1915-13: 99). Eynsford, larva, June 15, 1930; several larvae, June 1931; several young larvae, May 21, 1934; two larvae, June 19, 1938, Farningham*, larva, July 2, 1929 (A. R. Kidner). Fawkham (E. J. Hare). 6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens. Haust., 3: 238); (H. C. Huggins). Chatten- den; Mark Oak Wood* (Chaney, 1884-87). Chattenden. May 16, 1919 (F. T. Grant). Higham* (Porritt, Entomologist, 13: 163). 7. Near Rainham (Chaney, loc. cit.). Sittingbourne (H. C. Huggins). Westwell (Scott, 1936). Broad Street, one. at light, April 30, 1955 (E. Philp). 8. Folkestone*, at sallow bloom (Knaggs, 1870). Stowting; Brook; Wye* (C. A. W. Duffield). Eiham (W. E. Busbridge). Dover, one. May 12, 1945; April 15, 1949 (B. O. C. Gardiner). Ewell Minnis; Waldershare (E. & Y., 1949). Folkestone Warren, one, April 22, 1939 (C.-H.); one, June 10, 1962 (C.-H., Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1982: 92). Poulton, 0, May 24, 1903; May 19, 1932 (Stockwell, Diary). (50) entomologist's record, VOL. 82 15 /VIII /TO 10. Sevenoaks* (Hill, EnWmologist, 19; 185); (W. E, Busbridge). Brasted Chart, May 3, 1913 (Gillett, Diary). 11. Tonbridge (Raynor, Entomologist, 6; 79). Wateringbury (E. Good- win MS); (V.C.H., 1908). Edenbridge, 1934 (F. D. Greenwood). Ryarsh*, c. 1930 (J. Fremlin). Shipbourne, in P. A. and D. J. A. Buxton coll. (C.-H). Aylesford, one, 1951, one, 1953 (G. A. N. Davis). Sevenoaks Weald, one. May 5, 1959, four, May 7-16, 1960 (E. A. Sadler). 12. Ashford (Scott, 1936). Ham Street (Scott, 1936); one, April 15, 1949, one, May 12, 1951 (C.-H.). Willesborough, one, May 12, 1951 (W. L. Rud- land); one, 1960 (M. Singleton). West Ashford, two, 1960 (M. Enfield). 13. Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan). Iden Green, 1951 (H. Boxall). Goudhurst, one, 1955 (W. V. D. Bolt). Ashour Wood, worn. May 6, 1964 (C.-H). 14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). Hawkhurst, 1951 (B. G. Chatfield). 16. Folkestone, one, May 6, 1945, two, 1954 (A. M. Morley). Variation. — In RCK is an ab. of “chestnut tint”, “Folkestone /Bred 4.1881” (6). First Record, 1831 ; Stephens, loc. cit. Mesoleuca albicillata L.; Beautiful Carpet. Native. Woods, copses; [on bramble, raspberry]. I. Near Woohvich (J[onesl, Ent. week, hit., 10: 187). Since noted in man3r v/oods in this division. Recently from: Petts Wood, 2-3 annually, 1947-50 (E. Evans); 1950 (A. M. & F. A. Sw^ain). Joydens Wood; West Wickham (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 93). Abbey Wood, 1950, 1952 (A. J. Showier). Joydens Wood. (5, July 17, 1967 (D. O’Keeffe). Orpington, three (R. G. Chatelain). 3. Den Grove, one 1936, one, 1938 (C.-H). 5. Farnborough* (W. Barnes m Wool. Surv., 1909). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). 6. Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Gravesend; Clay Lane Wood; Birling (H. C. Huggins). Upper Hailing (Hards & Gould. Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1956: 79). Trottiscliffe, 9, June, 10, 1968 (D. O’Keefe). 6a. Darenth Wood (see First P^ecord); August 1872 (Etheridge, Ento- mologist, 6: 196); 1891 (Buckell, Ent. Rec., 2: 234); 1903 (A. R. Kidner); on tree trunk, 1911; 1912; 1925 (F. T. Grant); fairly common (B. K. West); (E. J. Hare). Chattenden (Chane3u 1884-87); (H. C. Huggins). Mark Oak Wood* (Chaney, loc. cit.). Cobham, 1912 (F. T. Grant). 7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, loc. cit.). Westwell (Scott, 1936). Whitehill (Scott, 1950). Boxley (A. H. Harbottle). 8. Raindean Wood (Salwey, Entomologist, 15: 197). Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Elham Park Wood, one, June 18, 1925, one, July 5, 1926, two, July 16, 1927; Haddling Wood, one, JuW 16, 1932 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary). Ewell Minnis; Little Mongham; Whitfield (E. & Y., 1949). Brook*; Wye* (Scott, 1950). 10. Westerham (Gorhom, Ent. week. Int., 1: 28); one, c. 1957 (C.- H.). Brasted (R. M. Prideaux). Dunton Green, one, 1908 (Kidner, Diary). Solefields Wood, 1919 (Gillett, Diary). Sevenoaks, one in garden, July 5, 1941 (Busbridge, Diary). Knole Park, one, July 22, 1956 (A. A. Allen). II. Harrietsham (Stephens, Entomologist, 1: 200). Wateringbury LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (51) {V.C.H., 1908); one, July 4, 1959 (C.-H.). Hoads Wood (Scott, 1936); c. 1952 (P. Cue teste E. Scott). Tonbridge (H, E. Hammond). Sevenoaks Weald, one, July 7, 1959 (E. A. Sadler). 12. Ham Street (Scott, 1936); Orlestone Wood, one, July 28, 1955 (R. F. Bretherton); two, 1960 (M. Singleton & D. Youngs). [Wye] larva“ feeds on bramble and raspberry ... in the autumn” (Theobald, J. S. E. Agric. Coll. Wye, 1904 (13); 130). 13. Millers Wood (Weir, Zoologist, 5208; idem, Ent. week. Int., 1 : 124). Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan); one, 1958 (L. R. Tesch teste C. A. Stace); 1955 (C. A. Stace). 14. Tenterden, common (Stainton, Man., 2 : 99). Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). 16. Folkestone, one, 1951 (A. M. Morley). Variation. — In RCK are the following named abs. : impuncta Lempke, one, “Huggins/Gravesend CL/24/6/03”; lacticolor Lempke, four, “Bexley/ Bd. 4.7.1903”; rectangulata Cockayne, holotype o, Folkestone (Ent. Rec., 65; 164, pit. 12. fig. 18); venata Cockayne, holotype o, Folkestone, bred Blackall 1881 (Entomologist, 83; 52; Barrett, Lep. Br. Isles, S: pit. 339, fig. la); also, an ab. “near vestata Dadd but single postmedian and outer markings suffused”, one, “Brasted, Kent/B.6.vi.22”, one, “Kent/B.vi.22” (both in R.M. Prideaux’s handwriting. — C.-H.). I have three ab. lacticolor Lempke, from West Wickham, bred from ova as a second generation in August in the hot summer of 1947, but a number of others (from the same batch of ova) which remained in pupa and emerged in April 1948 were typical (C.-H., Proc. S. Lond. ent. nai. Hist. Soc., 1954-55 . 21). First Record. 1797 ; Taken “in Kent particularly”. “Our specimen was taken in June, 1797, in Darenth Wood” (Donovan, Nat. Hist. Br. Ins., 6; 52). Pelurga comitata L.; Dark Spinach. Native. Waste places (particularly in towns), saltmarsh borders, neglected gardens, bombed sites; on Chenopodium album. 1. Lee, July 25, 1861 (Fenn, Ent. week, Int., 10; 196). Since noted from many parts of this division. Recent records are ; Sidcup, three, 1938-39 (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Petts Wood, several annually 1946-50, except 1949 (E. Evans); 1950, 1952, common (A. M. & F. A. Swain). Blackheath, not uncommon in garden and at light (A. A. Allen). Orpington, 1948-49 (L. W. Siggs); (R. G. Chatelain). Abbey Wood, 1951-52 (A. J. Showier). West Wickham, (C.-H.); 1951 (E. J. Trundell). Bromley, in m.v. trap, 1959 (4), 1960 (5), 1961 (7), 1962 (6), 1963 (1), 1964 (7), 1965 (4), 1966 (1), with earliest dates July 22, 1959 and 1961, and latest date September 9, 1962 (D. R. M. Long). Bexley, fairly common, 1966-68 (D. O’Keeffe). 2. Rochester* (Chaney, 1884-87). Chatham, larvae (Matthew, Entom- ologist, 25; 292). Strood, larvae abundant (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 16; 294; idem, Ent. Rec., 21; 33). Greenwich Marshes (West, Ent. Rec., 18; 199). Plumstead Marshes (J. W. Tutt, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Gravesend; Sitting- bourne; Faversham (H. C. Huggins). Hartford (B. K. West). 3. Herne Bay, August 4, 5, 1931, August 1, 1933, August 8, 1936 (A. J. L. Bowes). Broad Oak; (C.-H.). Canterbury, larvae common on bombed sites, c. 1945 (J. A. Parry). 4. Deal (Fenn, Ent. Rec., 2 ; 203); common, August 6, one, August 16. 1892 (Fenn, Diary). Sandwich, one, August 3, 1954 (W. D. Bowden). Ick- entomologist’s record, VOL. £2 15/IX/70 <,52) ham, 1954-59, common (D. G. Marsh). Worth, one at m.v.l., August 9, 1969 (T. W. Harman). 5. Farnborough* (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). Downe (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 89); July 24, 1957 (C.-H.). 6. Gravesend, common (F. T. Grant). Pinden, common (E. J. Hare). 8. Folkestone*, not scarce (Knaggs, 1870). Dover, rare (E. & Y., 1949); common 1944, others since to 1952 (B. O. C. Gardiner). 9. Ramsgate, one, 1910, several 1937 (J. W. C. Hunt). Margate (H. C. Huggins); singletons at light 1930, 1931, 1933 (H. G. Gomm.). North- down, one, July 20, 1920 (B. Embry), 11. Aylesl'ord (G. A. N. Davis), Hoads Wood (P. Cue teste E, Scott). 12. Ashford (Scott, 1936); August 17, 1954 (P. Cue teste E. Scott). Chart- ham (P. B. Wacher). Willesborough, five, August 11-31, 1954, one, August 15, 1956; Wye, one, September 4, 1954, August 19, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Willesborough, four, 1957-59 (M. Singleton). West Ashford, one, 1958 (M. Enfield). Ham Street, August 15-20, 1960 (C. R. Haxby and J. Briggs). 13. Pembury, common (Stainton, Man., 2 : 116). 15. Dungeness, two in m.v. trap, August 6, 1962 (R. E. Scott). Lydd Town, August 1965 (D. W. H. ffennell). Boulderwall, three, August 11-17, 1966 (R. E. Scott). 16. Folkestone Town (A. M. Morley). Vari.^tion. — The following named abs. are in RCK : unicolor Lempke, one, “Herne Bay/*0 14.7.06/L.B.Prout”; zonata Wahlgren, one, Bexley, July 26, 1903, J. Greenwood; trans ad zonata Wahlgren, one, Bromley, 1929; tangens Lempke, Lewisham, one bred, 1892, Bromley, one, 1905, Bexley, one, 1903, one, 1902. First Record, 1859 : Stainton, loc. cit. Lamprcpteryx suffumata Denis & Schiffermuller: Water Carpet. Native. Woods, bushy places, etc.; foodplant unknown. Apparently very local and much scarcer nowadays than formerly. 1. Lee, May 4, 9, 10, 1860, common in lanes (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.); April 25 (2), 29 (2), 30 (4). May 1 (1), 20 (1), 1861, April 23 (2), 28 (1), May 8 (1), 9 (1), 1862, April 24 (9), 27 (4), 1863 (Fenn, Diary). Bexley district (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Eltham (A. H. Jones, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Abbey Wood, one at m.v.l., May 5, 1953f (A. J. Showier). 5. Sevenoaks*. 1886 (Hill, Entomologist, 19: 185). Downe, a few, 1906 (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Chevening, May 23, 1914 (Gillett, Diary). 7. Wigmore Wood; Chatham-Maidstone Road; not common. April 29 — May 29 (Chaney, 1884-87). Woods between Chatham and Maidstone, May 27, 1899 (Tutt, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1899: 84). Maidstone neighbourhood* (Green, Ent. Rec., 53: 118) Sharsted, two or three each visit, 1925-26 (H. C. Huggins). Long Beech Wood, May 15, 1936 (Scott, 1936). Richards Wood, Westwell, several. May 1947, one, April 22, 1949 <E. Scott); which latter specimen I have (C.-H.). 8. Dover-Folkestone district. — (Ulyett, 1880); April 1881 (Eadle, Entomologist, 14: 116); May 1890, taken by W. Purdey (South, Entom- ologist, 24 : 171); April 9, 1894 (Hills, Entomologist, 27 : 199). Poulton Wood, one. May 13, 1895; Green Lane, Dover, one. May 10, 1895; Coombe Wood, one, May 17, 1896; Alkham Road, Dover, two, April 21, 1900; Whit- field, one, April 20, 1901 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary; Stockwell, Entomologist, LEPIDOFTERA OF KENT ( 53) 34: 26). Dover, two. April 21, 1910, in H. D. Stockwell coll. (C.-H.). Betteshangar; Ewell Minnis (E. & Y., 1949). Folkestone Warren, at dusk. May 18 (2), 24 (2), 1929 (Morley, 1931). Lyminge Forest, one on a tree trunk. May 26, 1956 (P. Cue). 9. Margate, one in garden, 1930 (H. C. Huggins). 11. Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908). 13. Langton Green, most years, first seen 1913, locally common at dusk (E. D. Morgan). Bayhall (Morgan, Lepidoptera of the Tunbridge Wells District MS.). Tunbridge Wells, near the High Rocks, several, 1947 (B. K. West). 16. Folkestone Town, (j' on fence in garden. May 3, 1958 (A. M. Morley). Variation. — An aberration known as the “Dover form”, intermediate between the type and ab. porrittii Robson & Gardner, was it seems fairly frequent in the area between Folkestone and Dover during the latter half of the 19th century. True porrittii also occurred there during this period, but only very occasionally (cf. Entomologist, 19: 143, 24: 171, 25: 217, 42: 64-65; Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1891: 119; Young Nat., 7: 120). Fenn (Diary) writes that on August 5, 1890, he and J. W. Tutt visited W. J. Austen at Folkestone, who showed them “beautiful varieties of suffumata from the Warren”. In RCK is a fine series of the “Dover form” from Kent, as well as a number of Kentish porrittii as follows : Ab. porrittii Robs. & Gard., one, “Purdey /Folkestone/ 1895”; one, “Purdey /Folkestone/ 1893”; one, “Dover”; two, “Blackhall/Folkestone”; one, “W. Purdey /Dover/ 18 June 1894”; two, “Purdey /Dover/ 1893”. “Dover form, heterozygotes”, twenty-four from “Dover” and “Folkestone” with various dates between 1883 and 1914, and including one, “Dover/ 16. iv. 1912”, one, “W. Purdney /Dover/ 18 June 1894”, and one, “Folkestone/May 1914”. Also in RCK are a number of typical suffumata from the Dover-Folkestone area: “Blackhall/Folke- stone” (3); “Folkestone/1923/ (Purdey coll.)” (2); “Dover” (4) “Dover/ South” (1). First Record, 1861 : Fenn, Diary. Cosmorhoe ocellata L.: Purple Bar. Native. Woods, bushy places, hedgerows; on Galium mollugo. Fairly frequent and found in all divisions. “Generally distributed” (V.C.H., 1908). D. O’Keeffe found a larva on G. mollugo at Eynsford in August 1969, from which he bred the moth. Variation. — Kettlewell and Goodson (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1981 : 41) exhibited bred abs. as follows: “three extreme bandless forms, more extreme than costimacula Cockayne, shown with one typical example from the same brood. Ham Street, bred 27-28.vii.61 (A. L. Goodson)”. In RCK is one transitional to ab. robiginata Dannehl, “Eynsford 1903/J. Greenwood”. First Record, 1831: Stephens, Haust., 3: 222. Eulithis prunata L.: Phoenix. Native. Mainly town gardens; foodplant unrecorded. 1. West Wickham, one, August 18, 1968, and two others same year (D. S. Burrows). 3. Blean, one, August 2, 1906, in J. P. Barrett coll. (C.-H.). Canterbury*, (54) entomologist’s record, VOL. 82 15/IX/70 one, August 1920, in F. A. Small coll. (C.-H.). 4. Deal Town*, one on a lamp, August 19, 1890; one at light, August 19. 1892, (Fenn, Diary). Deal*, often common (V.C.H., 1908). Worth, two. July 21, 1967; two worn in m.v. trap, August 1968 (Harman, Ent. Rec., 80; 188, 81 : 82); several in 1969, mostly worn (T. W. Harman). 6. Greenhithe*, one in moth trap, 1898 (Farn MS.). 7. Faversham* (Morris, British Moths, 2 : 32). Westwell (Scott, 1964). 8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). “Folkestone/S. G. Hills”, one; “Folke- stone/Bred 1885”, several (RCK). ‘‘A few specimens come to light annually in Dover” (E. & Y., 1949). Dover, “once only in 1938” (Gardiner. Ent. Gaz., 10 ; 10). 10. Brasted, in garden, not common (R. M. Prideaux). Sevenoaks, two, bred July 1908, in F. A. Small coll. (C.-H.); August 25, 1919, July 31, 1920 (Gillett, Diary); several, 1906, bred Raynor (RCK). 12. “Common in Ashford” (Scott, 1936). Ashford, two or three annually, about 1951-52, in garden and in lane adjoining the market gardens and orchards (P. Cue). Ham Street (Scott, 1950). Willesborough, one in garden, July 18, 1961 (M. Singleton). 13. Tunbridge Wells, 1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2: 230); common in kitchen gardens (Knipe, 1916; Given, 1946); one from G. V. Bull coll, and in E. D. Morgan’s writing labelled, “2329. Bred/ 1909-10/ Ova 9 Tun. Wells” (C.-H. coll.). 16. Folkestone Town, one at street lamp, August 28, 1932 (A. M. Morley); one taken August 23, 1949 (Morley, Trans. Folkestone nat. Hist. Soc., 1949-50; 18). Variation. — In RCK is ab. juncta Lempke, one, “Sevenoaks/ Br. ov. 7.7.05”. First Record, 1862 ; Morris, Br. Moths, 2 ; 32. E. testata L.: The Chevron. Native. Marshes, carr. wet heaths and woodland; foodplant unrecorded. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908); but would appear to be appreciably less frequent now than formerly, and has certainly become extinct in much of div. 1. 1. West Wickham (see First Record); August 10, 1861 (Fenn, Diary). Lower Camden (Cockerell, Entomologist, 18; 20). Sydenham (Sellon, Ent. Rec., 2 ; 164). Lee Swamp; Bexley; Eltham; Lewisham; Hither Green; Farnborough (Wool. Surv., 1909). Bromley (W. A. Cope). Pauls Cray Common (Wool. Surv., 1909); June 3, 1911 (2 larvae), August 2, 1913 (2), August 30, 1936 (1) (Kidner, Diary). Chislehurst, six, August 1904, one, August 25, 1906 (S. F. B. Blyth); one, August 31, 1912 (Kidner, Diary). Sid- cup, one, August 29, 1915 (Kidner, Diary). Beckenham, one, August 4, 1926; Petts Wood, one, August 18, 1946 (A. M. and F. A. Swain). Bromley, one, August 24, 1959 (D. R. M. Long). 2. Luddenham (H. C. Huggins). 3. Bysing Wood (H. C. Huggins). 4. Deal (E. & Y., 1949). Ham Fen, six at light, August 6, 1950 (C.-H.). Worth, one, August 10, 1969 (T. W. Harman). 5. Chevening, August 17, 1913 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). 6a. Chattenden (Chaney, 1884-87); (H. C. Huggins). 8. Warren (Knaggs, 1870); common (Morley, 1931). Coombe Wood. LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (55) Dover, one, July 29, 1899 (Stockwell, Diary). Whitfield (E. & Y., 1949). Wye, one, September 9, 1937 (A. H. Lanfear). 9. Sevenscore, one, September 3, 1926 (J. W. C. Elunt). 10. Brasted Chart, August 16, 1913 (Gillett, Diary); (R. M. Prideaux). Westerham, larva. May 8, 1937 (Coote and Jacobs, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1937-38: 37). 11. Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908); (E. Goodwin MS.). Edenbridge, 1929 (F. D. Greenwood). 12. Ashford district, “common and widely distributed” (Scott, 1936). Ham Street, August 24, 1939 (A. J. L. Bowes); frequent in Orlestone Woods (C.-H.). Ham Street (de Worms, Entomologist, 88: 94). Ashford (P. Cue per E. Scott). 13. Tunbridge Wells (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2 : 229); one, 1957 (L. R. Tesch per C. A. Stace). Goudhurst, common (W. V. D. Bolt, pers. comm., 1961). 14. Benenden, at light and bred; Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). Hawkhurst, one, 1953 (B. G. Chatfield). 15. Dungeness (Morley, 1931); very common, August 12, 1938, and since (C.-H.); common, September 1967 (D. O’Keeffe). 16. Folkestone Town, (S at m.v.L, September 15, 1958 (A. M. Morley). Variation. — The following named abs. are in RCK : hedgesaria Cockayne, holotype (S , Ham Street (cf. Cockayne, Ent. Rec., 66: 186, for details of breeding); achatinata Hiibn., Ham Street, one, 1939, Sevenoaks, one, 1914. First Record, 1860 : West Wickham, common, August 1859 (Allchin, Ent. week. Int., 8: 5). [E. populata L.; Northern Spinach. Doubtfully Kentish. None of the records is confirmed, and I have little doubt they were based upon misidentification. 3. Faversham* (Morris, Moths, 2 : 33). 10. Sevenoaks, June 24, 1920 (Gillett, Diary). 13. Pembury; Tenterden, common (Stainton, 1859). Tunbridge Wells. 1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2 : 229).] E. mellinata F.: The Spinach. Resident, perhaps native. Gardens; on currant. Recorded from all divisions, except 2, 6a; once only from 4. “Generally common in gardens” (V.C.H., 1908). H. E. Hammond records finding ten larvae at Tonbridge on currant. 4. Worth, July 22, 1967 (T. W. Harman). First Record, 1859: Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2: 115). E. pyraliata Denis & Schiffermuller: Barred Straw. Native. Hedgerows, bushy places, etc.; on “white-thorn”. Found in all divisions. “Generally distributed; formerly abundant” (V.C.H., 1908). Variation. — The following named aberrations are in RCK: aurantior Lempke, one, “Sevenoaks/Kent/3.vi.l916”; fasciata Loberb., one, “West- well/ July 15, 1934/Ai J, L. Bowes”, one, “Sevenoaks, vii.1912”; medio- fasciata Lempke, one, “Brasted Chart/ 16.vii.l913”. Also in RCK, an ab. having the “antemedian and postmedian meeting on inner margin”, one, Darenth, 1897, L. B. Prout. .. (56) entomologist’s record, VOL. 82 15/XI/70 First Record, 1720 : The larva “was found feeding on white-thorn near Eltham in Kent” (Albin, Nat. Hist. Eng. Ins., PL 45, Fig. 75). Werne- burgh {Beitrage z. Schm., 91) testifies to this being ”Geom. Pyraliata L.” Ecliptopera silaceata Denis & Schiffermuller; Small Phoenix. Native. Woods; on Chamaenerion angustifolium, Epilobium montanum. I. West Wickham, 1859 (Barrett, Ent. week. Int., 7 : 75); larvae on C. angustifolium, reared (Machin, Ent. week. Int., 8: 21). Since noted in many parts of this division. Recent records: Farningham Wood, larva, October 2, 1936, larva, September 11, 1937 (A. R. Kidner). Petts Wood, several, 1947-49 (E. Evans); 1950 (A. M. & F. A. Swain). Well Wood, West Wickham, frequent 1948, and in later years (C.-H.). West Wickham <E. J. Trundell). Bexley, one at m.v.l.. May 3, 1952 (A. Heselden). Joy- dens Wood (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 77). Orpington. 1954 (L. W. Siggs); one, 1957 (R. G. Chatelain). Charlton Sandpit, one. May 25, 1946; Shooters Hill, one in Oxleas Wood, May 14, 1948, one in Castle Wood, May 14, 1948 (J. F. Burton). Bromley, in m.v. trap, 1959 (6), 1960 (31), 1961 (9), 1962 (23), 1963 (38), 1964 (100), 1965 (41), 1966 (31); earliest date May 8. 1960, latest date September 10, 1962, with maximum numbers (8), on May 24 and August 3, 1964 (D. R. M. Long). Dartford, several larvae on E. montanum, September 1969 (B. K. West). 3. Bysing Wood (H. C. Huggins). Trenley Park, two, 1931 (C.-H.). Pine Wood, a few; Canterbury, occasionally, c. 1946 (J. A. Parry). Eddington, at m.v.l.. May 20, 1953 (D. G. Marsh). 4. Ickham, fairly common, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). 5. Farnborough*, one, 1887 (Hope Alderson, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Chevening, June 12, 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). Downe (de Worms, loc. cit.). High Elms; Shoreham (R. G. Chatelain). 6. Meopham, May 5, 1923 (F. T. Grant). 6a. Cobham (Pye, Rochester Nat., 1896: 51); May 21, 1912 (F. T. Grant). Darenth Wood (H. C. Huggins); July 30, 1925 (F. T. Grant); (E. J. Hare); fairly common (B. K. West); common, May 25, 1952 (J. F. Burton). Swans- combe (H. C. Huggins). 7. Cutlers Wood, 9 . May 31, one, June 2, 1915 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Westwell; Long Beech Wood (Scott, 1936). Kings Wood (Scott, 1950). Boxley (A. H. Harbottle). 8. Near Dover (see First Record). Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Brook* (C. A. W. Duffield). Dover (B.O.C. Gardiner). Whitfield; Barham; Bette- shanger; Ewell Minnis; Little Mongham (E. & Y., 1949). Waltham, one, 1951 (J. W. C. Hunt). Woolwich Wood, one. May 23, 1926 (W. E. Bus- bridge, Diary). Chilham, June 10, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). Betteshanger, July 6, 1957 (R. F. Bretherton). 10. Seal (Carrington, Entomologist, 13: 76); 1937 (Coote, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1937-38: 45); 1948 (Howarth, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1948-49: 71). Brasted (R. M. Prideaux). Sevenoaks (Gillett, Entomologist, 53: 23); 1940, 1946 (F. D. Greenwood); one, ab. insulata Haw., May 14, 1947 (Busbridge, Diary). Westerham (Jacobs, Proc. S. Lond. nat. Hist. Soc., 1931-32: 75). II. Tonbridge (Raynor, Entomologist, 6 : 79). Wateringbury; Yalding iV.C.H., 1908). Shipbourne, five, 1910 (P. A. & D. J. A. Buxton coll.). Edenbridge, 1934 (F. D. Greenwood). Sevenoaks Weald, May 10, 17, August 7, 21, 1959, altogether four; twelve. May 12-August 30, 1960 (E. A. LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (57) Sadler). Bethersden, August 14, 20, 1960 (C. R. Haxby & J. Briggs). 12. Little Chart, (Scott, 1936), Orlestone Woods, September 4, 1954 (W. L. Rudland); June 2-4, 1950, June 1-2, 1956, July 27, 1956 (R. F. Brether- ton); June 10, 1960 (R. G. Chatelain); August 15-20, 1960 (C. R. Haxby & J. Briggs). Ashford (P. Cue teste E. Scott). Wye, eleven, August 1953-56; Willesborough, five, August 1954-56 (W. L. Rudland). Potters Corner, common; Willesborough, one, 1959 (M. Singleton). 13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2: 114); (V. M. Sage). Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan); occasionally, 1956-59 (L. R. Tesch per C. A. Stace). Goud- hurst, common (W. V. D. Bolt, pers. comm., 1961). 14. Benenden; Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). Hawkhurst, two on buddleia blossom, 1950, one at light, 1951, several, 1952-53 (B. G. Chatfield). 16. Folkestone Town, two (A. M. Morley). Variation. — Ab. insularia Haw. in which the median is interrupted by two white lines, is of very frequent occurrence in Kent, especially among first generation specimens. In RCK is an example of a very pretty ab. with “variegated pattern on ochreous ground”, labelled “L. W. Newman/ *Bexley/v.l918”. First Record, 1831 : “Near Dover ... I captured many specimens, varying considerably from each other, in August, 1819” (Stephens, Haust., 3; 226). Chloroclysta siterata Hufnagel; Red-green Carpet. Native. Bushy places; on bramble. Mainly Wealden, where it is seemingly local and scarce. 1. Near Chislehurst (see First Record). Bickley, one taken by B. A. Bower, on a fence near Grove Park Station (W. A. Cope). Bexley district (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). 2. Greenhithe*, in moth trap, 1893, 1904 (Farn MS.). 10. Brasted, occasionally (R. M. Prideaux). 11. Edenbridge, 1930 (F. D. Greenwood). 12. Ashford, one, September 1951; Hoads Wood, onet taken at car lights, September 30, 1952 (P. Cue). Wye, one, on the Brook road, September 23, 1934, October 1, 1937 (A. J. L. Bowes). Ham Street, (^ , October 1, 1968 (D. O’Keeffe). 13. Tunbridge Wells, a few at sugar, 1909 and 1915, at Eridge Road and Broadwater Down (E. D. Morgan). Cranbrook*, onet, October 8, 1955 (D. Streeter). 14. Sandhurst, single specimens: October 27, 1928, at sugar; October 17, 1930, at light; October 8, 22, 1934, at light; October 23, 1937, at light; October 15, 1946, at ivy; October 17, 1947 (G. V. Bull). 16. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Folkestone Town, one in m.v. trap, September 12, 1955 (A. M. Morley). First Record, 1720: The larva “was taken on the Bramble or Black- berry bush near Chisselhurst in Kent” (Albin, Nat. Hist. Ins., facing pit. 50, fig. 86). C. miata L.: Autumn Green Carpet. Native. Bushy places; foodplant unknown. Apparently extinct in 1. Obs. — The moth chiefly occurs in the autumn as the vernacular sug- gests, but is only very occasionally seen in the spring after hibernation. 1. Lee, two, September 18-October 8, 1863 (Fenn, Diary). Charlton (58) entomologist’s record, VOL. 82 15/XI/70 and Lewisham, formerly (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909), may refer to the preceding. Bexley district (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). West Wickham (V.C.H., 1908). Eltham, “at lamps, rather common” (A. H. Jones, in Buckell and Prout, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 73). 2. Near Sheerness, 1871, not rare at ivy bloom (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag,, 8: 184). 3. Canterbury, in the city; Littlebourne (J. A. Parry). Herne Bay (D. G. Marsh). Broad Oak, two, October 14, 1938, one, October 10, 1944 (C.-H.). Eddington, 9 at light, September 24, 1949, two cf c5' at light, October 1, 1949 (D. G. Marsh). 4. Ickham, numerous, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). 5. Farnborough* (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). 6. Greenhithe* (Farm MS,). Gravesend, at street lamps (H. C. Huggins). 6a. Near Hartford* (see First Record). Chattenden (V.C.H., 1908). 7. Darland Hill, not common (Chaney, 1884-87). 8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Deal, two, September 24-October 4, 1884 (Fenn, Diary). Dover, one at ivy blossom, October 9, 1895, one, October 7, 1897, one, October 31, 1904 (Stockwell, Diary); one, 1896, one, 1905 (Stock- well coll.); one in 1935 or 1936 (B. O. C, Gardiner); scarce (E. & Y., 1949). Dover Cliffs, October 19, 1934 (J. H. B. Lowe). Stowting (C. A. W. Duf- field). Wingmore (E. & Y., 1949). Elham, one at sallow bloom, April 14, 1934 (Busbridge, Diary). Bridge, c. 1946 (R. Gorer). 9. Ramsgate neighbourhood*, c. 1888 (Willson, Entomologist, 23 : 140). Minster, one, October 13, 1915 (Gomm, Diary). Westgate, one, October 10. 1944 (C.-H.). 10. Brasted (R. M. Prideaux). Sevenoaks, October 26, 1920 (Gillett. Diary). 11. Yalding iV.C.H., 1908). Wateringbury (W. A. Cope); (V.C.H., 1908); (E. Goodwin coll.). Edenbridge, 1930, 1931, 1933 (F. D. Greenwood). Shipborne, one, 1911, one, 1912, one, 1913 (P. A. & D. J. A. Buxton coll.). Aylesford, one, 1954, one, September 9, 1955; East Mailing, one, October 7, 1957 (G. A. N. Davis). Maidstone, one, 1886, one, 1896 (H. Lamb, in Maidstone Mus.). Near Nackholt Brick pits, very common (E. Scott). Hoads Wood (P. Cue). 12. Brook (C. A. Duffield). Chartham, numierous (P. B. Wacher). Ashford, c. 1953 (P. Cue). Willesborough, five, October 6-21, 1953, five September 27-October 19. 1955, ten, October 8-22, one $ , May 18, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Wye, four, October 6-17, 1953, one, March 20, 1954, six, September 13-October 10, 1955 (W. L. Rudland). W. Ashford, several, 1959 (M. Endfield). Willesborough, one, 1959, one 1960 (M. Singleton). Ham Street, one, October 6, 1959 (R. G. Chatelain); two, October 1, 1968, by D. O’Keeffe and B. F. Skinner (Chatelain et. al, Ent. Rec., 81 : 113). 13. Tunbridge Wells, 1894 (Beeching, Entomologist, 27 : 351). Goud- hurst, common (W. V. D. Bolt, pers comm., 1961). 14. Tenterden, abundant (Stainton, Man., 2: 112). Hawkhurst, one, 1927 (G. V. Bull); one, 1952 (B. G. Chatfield). Sandhurst, one 1926, three, 1928, two, 1931-32, two, 1934-35, one, 1938, one 1946. one, 1954 (G. V. Bull); one, April 2, 1953 (Bull, Ent. Rec., 65 : 144). Newenden, two, 1926 (G. V. Bull). Tenterden, 1960 (C. G. Orpin). 15. Dungeness, one, October 12, 1959 (R. G. Chatelain). 16. Folkestone (A. M. Morley). First Record, 1810: “Hartford Green Carpet • * - met with chiefly in LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (59) the woods adjacent to the town of Dartford” (Donovan, Nat. Hist. Brit,. Ins., 14 : 35). C. citrata L. = immanata Haworth; Dark Marbled Carpet. Native. Woods, heaths; foodplant unknown. “Generally distributed" (V.C.H., 1908); but the records do not support this assessment, indeed, the species is evidently local, and compared to C. truncata Hufnagel, relatively scarce in Kent. (C.-H). Note : I strongly suspect that some of the following records refer to C. truncata Hufnagel, particularly the early summer occurrences. I. Between Brown’s Woods and Blackfen, one, June 24, 1885; Dartford Heath, one, August 8, 1891 (Fenn, Diary). Shooters Hill; Bostall Heath; Paul’s Cray Common; Foots Cray; Eltham (Wool. Surv., 1909). West Wick- ham (S. Wakely). Orpington, two, 1957 (R. G. Chatelain). 6. Greenhithe (Farn MS.). 7. Wigmore Wood, not common, July; ab. marmorata Haw., August (Chaney, 1884-87). Long Beech Wood, . July 29, 1939, gen. det. D. S. Fletcher (C.-H.). Westwell (Scott, 1950). 8. Folkestone Warren, July (Knaggs, 1870). Folkestone, several taken freshly emerged, second week of July (Dobree Fox, Ent. Rec., 1: 227). Reinden Wood, July 1882 (Salwey, Entomologist, 15: 197); (Sequeira, Trans. Cy Lond. net. nat. Hist. Soc., 1897: 15). Coombe Wood, one, July 9, 1896, one, July 21, 1897 (Stockwell, Diary). Dover (Webb, 1899); “common and widespread’’ (E. & Y., 1949). Brook* (C. A. W. Duf- field). Wye* (Scott, 1950). 9. Margate, August 21, 1920 (Gomm, Diary). 10. Near Westerham, ab. marmorata Haw. (Haworth, Lep. Brit., 2 : 324). Brasted (Carr, Entomologist, 34: 103). II. Wateringbury, September 1904 (E. Goodwin coll.); (W. A. Cope). Edenbridge, 1930 (F. D. Greenwood). Hoads Wood, three, c. 1953 (P. Cue). Sevenoaks Weald, one, June 30, 1960 (E. A. Sadler). 12. Little Chart (Scott, 1964). Wye, one, June 3, one, July 8, 1953, four, June 16-July 10, 1955 (W. L. Rudland). 13. Tunbridge Wells, common, 1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2: 229); (E. D. Morgan). 14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). 16. Sandling Park (A. M. Morley). Variation. — Jones (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1914-15: 135> exhibited “a dusky form’’, from Eltham; and Webb (1899) noted that at Dover, the specimens were “indistinguishable from Rannoch examples’’. Ab. marmorata Haw. is recorded from Wigmore Wood and near Wester- ham (vide supra). First Record, 1809 : “Phalaena immanata Haw . • • Habitat rarius in Cantio” (Haworth, Lep. Brit., 2 : 323). C. truncata Hufnagel: Common Marbled Carpet, Native. Woods, gardens, bushy places, etc.; on rase, strawberry, bramble, dock. Found in all divisions. “Generally common’’ (V.C.H.. 1908). Massee (Rpt. E. Mailing Res. Stn., 1938: 182) states that the larva “occurs commonly on strawberry in the Maidstone district”; D. R. M. Long records finding it on bramble in the Bromley district; and I have '60) entomologist’s record, VOL. 83 15/1/71 repeatedly taken it on cultivated rose in my garden at West Wickham, and once on dock in Spring Park, and in each case reared the imagines 'C.-H). Variation. — As far back as 1809, Haworth noted a tendency to melanism in this species (see First Record); in 1831, Stephens (Haust., 3: 232) recorded perfuscata Haw. from both Darenth Wood and Birch Wood; and in 1899, Barnett (Proc. S. Land. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1899: 106) exhi- bited a “dark form” from West Wickham. Nowadays, dark forms predominate in north-west Kent, and I have specimens from West Wickham that appear referable to ab. perfuscata Haw. and nigerrima Fuchs. In the east of the County, however, typical truncata appears generally speaking to be still about the most numerous form, but what I judge to be referable to abs. russata Hiibner and rufes- cens Strom also occur there fairly frequently, though I have so far only seen rufescens in the second generation (is it restricted to this I wonder?) (C.-H). Webb (1899) observed that at Dover, specimens were “indistinguish- able from Rannoch examples”. A somatic mosaic — right side rufescens, left side typical — which I bred from Broad Oak in 1946, is perhaps unique (C.-H.). First Record, 1809: f. perfuscata Haw.: “Habitat in Cantio rarissime Sylvaticus. Exemplaria tria solum vidi” (Haworth, Lep. Brit., 2 : 325). Cidaria fulvata Forster: Barred Yellow. Native. Woods, bushy places, gardens, scrub; [on rose]. Recorded from all divisions, except 2 (probably present). “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908). The moth flies naturally at dusk, and is sometimes noted at light. Very rarely, however, it comes to sugar : one such example, Atchester Wood <div. 8), July 10, 1931 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary). Kidner (Diary) records a larva on the downs at Eynsford, June 11, 1932; and G. V, Bull states he bred the moth [from rose] at Sandhurst. First Record, 1861 : Lewisham (Fenn, Diary, 28.vi.1861). Plemyria rubiginata Denis & Schiffermuller; Blue-bordered Carpet. Resident, perhaps native. Gardens, orchards; [on apple, plum, alder]. Found in all divisions; few records for 15. The species seems chiefly to occur in Kent in orchards and gardens, especially those containing old apple trees, upon which the larva un- doubtedly feeds, although as yet there has been no record of its discovery to my knowledge. The larva is also suspected of feeding on alder, since C. Fenn (in Wool. Surv., 1909) noted the moth as “common among alders” in the Eltham district; and upon plum in north-west Kent, where, accord- ing to Tutt (in Wool. Surv., 1909), the moth was “generally distributed in plum orchards”. 15. Dymchurch, two, 1952 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 65: 43), Greatstone, one at m.v.l., July 23, 1963 (C.-H.). Variation. — In RCK is ab. parvula Retzius, one, Chattenden, 1905. First Record, 1835 : Kent (Wood, Index Entomologicus, 98). Thera firmata Hiibner: Pine Carpet. Resident, perhaps native. Woods, plantations; [on pine]. LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (61) I. Dartford Heath (Douglas, Zoologist, 3284); c. 1862 (Jenner, Week. Ent., 2 : 197); one, September 5, 1874, one, October 16, 1886, two, September 19, 1891 (Fenn, Diary). West Wickham, one, August 10, one, August 24, 1861 (Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 10: 196). Chislehurst, one, August 4, 1866 (Fenn, Diary). 6a. Darenth (Carrington, Entomologist, 12: 213). 7. Darland; Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). Sharsted (H. C. Huggins). Boxley, 1953 (A. H. Harbottle). 8. Whitfield, onef on ivy, October 1, 1901 (Stockwell, Diary et coll.). West Studdal (E. & Y., 1949). 10. Seal Chart (Carrington, Entomologist, 13: 79); July 5, 1885 (Fenn, Diary); larvae. May 27, 1905 (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1905-08). Westerham^ September 1909 (Sperring, Ent. Rec., 22: 14); (E. J. Hare). Brasted (R. M. Prideaux). II. Mailing, one, 1904 (E. Goodwin coll.). 12. “Ashford L. B. Prout coll.”, one so-labelled in RCK (C.-H). Long Rope, Orlestone, one, July 31, 1946 (C.-H.). Wye, one, July 12, two, September 27, 1955, one. June 22, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Hothfield one, September 10, 1961 (P. Cue). 13. Pembury, common (Stainton, Man., 2: 96). Tunbridge Wells; Broad- water Down (Morgan, Lepidoptera Tunbridge Wells District, MS.). 14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). First Record, 1851 : Douglas, loc. cit. T. obeliscata Hiibner: Grey Pine Carpet. Resident, perhaps native. Woods, plantations; on Pinus sylvestris. Frequent and recorded from all division except 9; relatively scarce in 4, 15. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908). The moth seems to be in two well defined broods; the first in May and June, the second in September and October. Occasionally seen in April, as in 1961, when D. R. M. Long noted one at light at Bromley on April 28. The latter observer’s carefully recorded counts of this species at his m.v. trap at Bromley over the past few years afford some indication of the frequency of this moth in north-west Kent: 1960 (42), 1961 (72), 1962 (167), 1963 (196), 1964 (123), 1965 (100), 1966 (147), with maximum daily total (57) on Septem- ber 22, 1963. 4. Sandwich, one at light, September 18, 1954 (W. D. Bowden). Ickham, fairly numerous, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). 15. Between Hythe and Dymchurch, one, October 10, 1952 (A. M. Morley). Variation. — The moth is very variable, with nowadays a high degree of melanism, especially in the western half of the county and becoming particularly marked in the metropolitan area. The earliest reference that I can trace to melanism in this species in Kent, is that of Butterfield (Ent. Rec., 9 : 330), who states that about the middle of February (1897), he found a larva descending a Scotch fir in Bostall Wood (div. 1), the imago of which emerged with the ordinary spring brood, “but was nearly black, darker than any Scotch specimen that I have seen”. In RCK are the following named aberrations : herrichi Hofer, one, “Westerham | *25.6.97”, one, “Dartford Heath | Ex Earn coll. | No. 40135” “W. Rait-Smith | Bequest”; mediolucens Roessler, one “Westerham”; medionigricans Reutti, ‘Westerham [ *1.12.6. 00 I L. B. Prout”, one. (62) entomologist’s record, VOL. 83 15/1/71 “Westwell I 2.vi.09 | L. B. Prout”, one, “Sevenoaks ] 27.ix.1912”, one, “Sevenoaks 23. ix. 1914”; brunneoalbata Heydemann, one, “Folkestone. Kent I Sept. 1922 No. ... | W. Rait-Smith”; nigrescens Lempke, one, “Keston Common j *v.25”, one, “Lewisham | 8.vi.l915 | R. Adkin, one, “Seven- oaks I 16. ix. 1914”; obliterata B. White, one, Keston Common, bred 1925; pseudovariata Heydemann, one, Bickley, 1926, one, Westwell, 1906, one, Sevenoaks, 1913; obsoleta Lempke, one, Sevenoaks, 1914, one. West Wick- ham, 1896, one, Westerham, bred 1900; approximata Lempke, West Wick- ham Wood, one, 1869; interrupta Lempke, one, Sevenoaks, 1905. Also, an ab. with “band not contrasting”, one, Sevenoaks, 1905. For references to other records of Kentish aberrations of this species cf. Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1915-16; 138, 1924-25; 128. First Record, 1809 ; At a meeting of the old Entomological Society of London on January 3, 1809, J. Hatchett read the following note : "‘Phalaena variata .... I caught this by the side of a wood in Kent, in July last. As a British specimen it is presumed to be unique” (Hatchett. Trans, ent. soc. Lond. (1809), 1 ; 245). T. variata Denis & Schiffermuller ssp. britannica H. J. Turner; Spruce Carpet. Resident, perhaps native. Plantations; [on spruce]. Seems local and scarce, but may become increasingly numerous and widespread owing to extensive spruce planting. This was for many years confused with T. obeliscata Hiibn. until separated in 1912 (cf. Prout, Entomologist, 45: 241-246). I have treated all the older records as being referable to T. obeliscata, including' here only those that have appeared since Prout’s paper. [1. Eltham, “Thera variata, a modified var. obliterata”, exhibited by A. H. Jones (Jones, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1914-15; 135). Note: Ab. obliterata B. White is an ab. of T. obeliscata Hiibn., so that if this was a true example of variata D. & S., the form exhibited was probably transi- tional to ab. obscura Hofer which is similar in appearance (C.-H.)] 8. Betteshanger, found “amongst the spruce at Betteshanger but is not plentiful” (E. & Y., 1949). West Wood, 1949, in numbers (Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1949-50: 39; idem, Trans. Folkestone nat. Hist. Soc., 1949-50: 18); (J, June 29, 1957 (A. M. Morley). [10. Westerham, July 5, 1913 (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat Hist. Soc.. 1913-14: 117).] 11. Aylesford, 9, 1954f, gen. det. D. S. Fletcher (Davis, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1958: 25). 12. Ham Street, “scarce and local” (Scott, 1936). Wye, June 17, 1954. October 14, 1956; Willesborough, September 25, 1956 (W. L. Rudland per Scott, 1964). 16. Near Hythe, one taken 1928 (Morley, 1931). Folkestone, one. October 30, 1951 (Morley, Ent. Rec., 44; 171); 9. September 27, 1957 (A. M. Morley). Variation. — Turner (Ent. Rec., 37 : 25) named the English ssp. britannica, which is of a soft delicate grey colour, less brown-grey than the continental type, and with less contrast between the bands and the ground-colour, the white edging of the bands generally slender and in- conspicuous; subterminal line oftener narrow or weak. Hindwing very weakly marked. LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (63) First (Confirmed) Record, 1956: Davis, loc. cit. T. juniperata L.: Juniper Carpet. Native. Woods, gardens; [on Juniper]. “Common on the chalk” (V.C.H., 1908). Seems to be rare nowadays. I. “I have seen but two specimens of this insect, both of which occurred amongst juniper-bushes which abound in one part of Birch- wood” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 273). Wilmington, bred October 13-16, 1904, and exhibited (Shaw, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1904: 20). [Bickley, one taken, September 25, 1912 (Rait-Smith, Ent. Rec., 25: 178); wants confirmation (C.-H.)] [(The record for Bexley (Entomologist, 31 : 296), is erroneous (cf. Entomologist, 33: 49).)] 7. Formerly common on several juniper bushes in Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). 8. Dover (V.C.H., 1908). Wye, bred 1912 (Heath, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1912-13: 30). II. Wateringbury* (V.C.H., 1908). 13. Tunbridge Wells district (Knipe, 1916); “local” (Morgan, Lepidop- tera of Tunbridge Wells MS.), is probably based on the latter record. 16. Folkestone Town, at m.v.l., $, October 22, 1964; October 15 ((S, al. exp. 30 mm., at m.v.l.), 22 (large c^) 1965; all three specimens in garden (A. M. Morley). Variaton. — “Those taken on the coast of Kent are rather tinged with brown, and the black streak which runs into the apex of their forewings is continued unbroken from the first line” (1902, Barrett, Lep. Br. Isles, 8: 361). Those cf (f taken by A. M. Morley in his garden at Folkestone are remarkable for their large size. First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit. Eleetrophaes corylata Thunberg: Broken-barred Carpet. Native. Woods; on birch, hawthorn, oak. Frequent in 3, 6a, 7, 8, 10- 14. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908). Obs. — Of the larva, H. E. Hammond records “odd ones” on hawthorn and oak at Tonbridge. 1. Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 227). West Wickham, larvae on birch, April 8, 1861 (Huckett, Ent. week. Int., 10: 51); three, June 6, 1861 (Fenn, Diary); one bred, 1923 (A. M. & F. A. Swain coll.); two, 1926, three, June 9, 1929, one, 1930 (S. Wakely); (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1958: 79). Shooters Hill Wood, one, 1861; Lee, three, 1861, two, 1862; Pauls Cray Common, one, 1888, one, 1890; Bexley Park Wood, several, 1887-89, 1890, 1893 (Fenn, Diary). Lewisham; Eltham; Farnborough; Dartford (Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley, 1899 (Carr, Entomologist, 33: 47). Beckenham, 1920 (de Worms, loc. cit.). Farningham Wood, two larvae, September 14, 1926 (Kidner, Diary). Petts Wood, one, June 1, 1946 (A. M. & F. A. Swain). Joydens Wood (B. K. West); one, c. 1967 (D. O’Keeffe). 4. Ickham, very few, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). 5. Downe (R. F. Birchenough, in de Worms, loc. cit.). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). 6. Longfield (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (53): ii). Eynsford, a larva near the downs, September 7, 1930 (Kidner, Diary). C64) entomologist's record 15/2/71-15/3/71 16. Folkestone, one, 1955, taken by R. W. Fawthrop (A. M. Morley). Variation. — I find that approximately 50% of Kentish specimens have the band broken (C.-H.). The following named forms are in RCK: — ab. hrunnescens Ljungdahl, one, Chattenden, June 8, 1898, one, Chisle- hurst, 1892; ? ab. dissecta Kolossow, one, Greenhithe, ex Farn coll. First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit. Colostygia olivata Denis & Schiffermuller: Beech-green Carpet. Native. Woods; foodplant unknown. Local on the chalk, to which it is mainly if not entirely restricted. Strangely absent, however, from much of the extensive chalk-lands of div. 8. I. Shooters Hill Wood, two, July 30, 1862 (Fenn, Diary). West Wood; West Wickham (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 198). Bexley district, rare (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Eltham (A. H. Jones, in Wool. Surv., 1909). 5. Green Street Green, one, 1892, in Hope Alderson coll. (C.-H.). Chelsfied, numerous, August 5, 1901, in J. Platt Barrett coll. (C.-H.). Chevening, five, August 1-6 1913 (Gillett, Diary). 6. Longfield, 1867 (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (54) : ii). Greenhithe, in moth trap; near Greenhithe, common (A. B. Farn MS.). Shoreham*, one, 1888, in Hope Alderson coll. (C.-H.); 1898 (Carr, Entomologist, 32 : 40). Birling, 1910, 1912-14 (F. T. Grant); one, 1955 (H. C. Huggins). Cux- ton, “I once found it flying abundantly at dusk by a hedgeside” (1896, Tutt, Br. Moths, 269); July 3, 1897 (James, Entomologist, 31; 60). Wrotham, one, 1906, E. Goodwin, in Maidstone Mus. (C.-H.). 6a. “I have met with several examples at Darenth-wood” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 219). Darenth Wood (Courtney, Entomologist), 1: 227); very common, 1861 (Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 10: 196) (“Near Hartford” (Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909), probably refers). Between Chattenden and Strood*, several, July 26, 1862 (Fenn, Diary). 7. Darland Hill; Wigmore Wood; common in woods (Chaney, 1884-87). Boxley, August 22, 1913 (F. T. Grant). Hollingbourne, one, August 21, 1921 (H. C. Huggins). Westwell (Scott, 1936); one, August 17, 1939 (A. J. L. Bowes); common (Scott, 1950); two, August 8-9, 1955, at lights (C.-H.). 8. Brook (Scott, 1936). Wye (C. A. W. Duffield). II. Wateringbury (Goodwin MS.); (V.C.H., 1908). Edenbridge, 1930- 33, not uncommon (F. D. Greenwood). First Record, 1809 : “Imago Betuletis in Cantio, f. Aug. at valde in- frequens” (Haworth, Lep. Britannica, 2 : 304). C. multistrigaria Haworth: Mottled Grey. Native. Heaths, chalk downs and rough chalky places; foodplant un- known. 1. West Wickham (see First Record); (W. Barnes in Wool. Surv., 1909); c. 1931 (S. Wakely). Keston, fairly common (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Farnborough (W. A. Cope). Chislehurst, fairly common, 1904, rare since (S. F. B. Blyth); one, March 26, 1928 (A. R. Kidner). Pauls Cray Common (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909); one, April 1, 1915 (A. R. Kidner). Charlton, 1865 (A. H. Jones per Fenn, Diary). Bexley (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909); several, April 9, 1936 (B. K. West); one, April 17, 1952 (A. Heselden). Dartford Heath, c. 1862 (Jenner, Week. Ent., 2 : 197); March 9, 1875 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.); March 14, 1884, very common. LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (65) I “could have taken 100” (Fenn, Diary); (Kidner, Diary); several, April 13, I 1952 (C.-H.). I 6. Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Meopham (H. C. Huggins), j 7. Westwell, March 16-20, 1935, several worn few fresh 9 9» I March 28, 1936 (A. J. L. Bowes); 1955, not common (E. Scott). I 8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Folkestone Warren, plentiful (Morley, [ 1931); April 22, 1932, March 31, 1933 (J. H. B. Lowe); a few at rest on grass stems on cliff top below Capel-le-Ferne, 1938, 1939, 1962 (C.-H.); one, April 8, 1951 (D. G. Marsh); two, April 6, 1967 (Wakely, Ent Rec., 80: 124). Poulton Wood, one, April 10, 1895, “flying round sallow”; Coombe Wood, two, April 17, 1895; Kearsney, five flying round sallow, April 11, 1895, three, March 8, two, April 8, 1904; Whitfield, two, April 20, 1901; Elms Vale Road, Dover, two, April 24, 1901 (Stockwell, Diary). Dover, two, April 17-20, 1909 (P. A. Cardew, Diary); April 9, 1937 (A. J. L. Bowes). Dover district, “fairly common on the Cliffs and on the outskirts of woods” (E. & Y., 1949). Near Shepherdswell, plentiful, males mostly worn, April 8, 1953 (D. G. Marsh, Diary). Brook* (Scott, 1936). 10. Sevenoaks* (Hill, Entomologist, 19: 185). Brasted Chart, on fence, April 19, 1919 (Gillett, Diary). 11. Wateringbury, one, in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.). Hoads Wood, on sallow catkins, March 31, April 4, 1954 (P. Cue); three, April 11, 1955 (W. L. Rudland); fairly common, 1961 (M. Singleton). 12. Ham Street, one, April 21, 1937 (A. H. Lanfear, Diary). 13. Tunbridge Wells Common (Morgan, Lepidoptera of the Tunbridge Wells District, MS.).. Variation. — Fenn (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1890: 24) exhibited a series from Hartford Heath showing a “tendency to melan- ism”. First Record, 1863: West Wickham, three 9 9 , by searching trees, January 25, 1863 (Latchford, Week. Ent., 1 : 198). A remarkably early ap- pearance owing to mild weather that year. C. pectinataria Knoch: Green Carpet. Native. Woods, copses, bushy places; [on Galium^. Recorded from all divisions except 15; relatively scarce in 1, 2, 4 and 9. “Generally com- mon” (V.C.H., 1908). Morgan (Lep. Tunbridge Wells Dist., MS.) records the feral larva on bedstraw, but gives no particulars so may be based on Sussex occur- rence. 1. Hartford Heath (Jenner, Week. Ent., 2: 197). Bexley (Carr, Entom- ologist, 32 : 40); (L. T. Ford). Lee; Eltham (Wool. Surv., 1909). Chisle- hurst, one, July 1, 1911 (S. F. P. Blyth). Dartford (B. K. West). Petts Wood, 1950 (A. M. & F. A. Swain). West Wickham, 1951 (E. Trundell). Hayes (R. F. Birchenough, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 83). Orpington, 1957 (L. W. Siggs, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1959: 121). 2. Bobbing (H. C. Huggins) . 4. Ham Marshes, one, July 9, 1891 (Fenn, Diar^y). Minster, July 3, 1915 (Gomm, Diary). Ickham, fairly common, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). 9. Lord of Manor, Ramsgate, June 29, July 3, 1910, 1911; altogether about 12 specimens (J. W. C. Hunt). Variation. — Ab. constricta Prout, one, Wollage Green (div. 8) (C.-H., (66) entomologist's record 15/2/71-15/3/71 Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1954-55: 21); one, Ham Street, 1950 (C.-H.). In RCK is ab. clausa Lempke, one, Westwell, June 6, 1906, one, bred New Cross, July 1924, one. North Kent, June 1907. First Record, 1858: Near Folkestone (Fisher, Ent. week. Int., 4: 140). Hydriomena furcata Thunberg: July Highflyer. Native. Woods, hedgerows, bushy places, carr; on sallow, hazel, bil- berry. Frequent and found in all divisions; once only in 9, where it may have been casual. “Generally abundant” (V.CH., 1908). The chief foodplant appears to be sallow, and there are records of the finding of larvae of this in many parts of Kent, and of the rearing of them therefrom. Larvae have been found on bilberry in the past in the Sevenoaks district (see under Variation), but I have no knowledge of its occurrence on this of late. I have only one record of it on hazel : Turner (Ent. Rec., 1 : 350) noted larvae as common on this at Brockley during the period 1887-90. 9. Cliftonville, one, July 22, 1954 (W. D. Bowden). Variation. — Extremely variable, with, it seems — apart from the unicolorous forms — no two specimens exactly alike. A small bilberry-feeding race (cf. South, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1889: 145; Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1892: 56; idem, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1905-06: 40-41; Reid, Ent. Rec., 21: 56) appears referable to f. saga Prout. I have seven such specimens from Seal Chart, bred June 1905, ex H. J. Turner coll., but am unaware of its occurrence in Kent since 1908, despite recent larval searches at Seal and Mereworth (C.-H.). Various abs. have been recorded in the literature, cf. Fenn, Ent. Rec., 1: 282; Chittenden, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1903: 70; Marsh, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1956: 36. In RCK are the following named abs.: — sordidata F., Chattenden, 1896, Sidcup, 1900, Eltham, 1893, Bexley, 1896, Sevenoaks, 1892, Chisle- hurst, 1909; fuscoundata Donovan, two, bred Sevenoaks, 1892, one, Eltham, May 7, 1895; stragulata Wehli, one, Sevenoaks, bred 1892; “median area with ringed spot trans. ad stragulata W.”, one, Chislehurst, August 7, 1901; fasciata Nitsche, one, Eltham; tricolorata Schrk.= albifasciata Prout, one, Eltham, May 7, 1895, seven, bred Sevenoaks, 1892; lucifasciata Meves, with green ground”, one, Sevenoaks, bred, 1892; albonigrata Nitsche, “with green instead of white markings”, one. West- well, August 17, 1939; barretti Cockayne, one Kingsdown, July 19, 1932, J. Juby, one. Stone, July 1885, A. B. Farn (both paratypes, cf. Cockayne, Ent. Rec., 65 : 165); multilineata Nordstrom, two, Sevenoaks, bred 1892; ab. “orange tinted”, one, Eltham, May 13, 1896, one, Sidcup, bred 1900, one, Lewisham, bred sallow, July 1895; flavitincta Culot, eight, Sevenoaks, bred 1892. First Record, 1806 : ‘‘Phalaena Fusco-Undata Don . . . This insect is from Faversham” (Donovan, Br. Ins., 2 : 74). H. impluviata Denis & Schiffermiiller: May Highflyer. Native. Damp woods and copses, carr; on alder. 1. Lee, 1861 (Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 10: 196). Browns Woods, July IL LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (67> 1885 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.); Halfway Street (Wool. Surv., 1909), may refer. Brockley, one (Turner, Ent. Rec., 1 : 350). West Wickham (Wells. Entomologist, 24: 74; idem. Entomologist, 25: 193); (Wakely, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1930-31 : 75); numerous at m.v.l., 1951 (E. Trundell); May 25, 1952, and frequently since (C.-H.). Blackheath; Cat- ford; Lewisham; Eltham; Farnborough (Wool. Surv., 1909). Sidcup (VCH., 1908). Petts Wood (S. F. P. Blyth); one, 1924 (Kidner, Diary). Bexley (V.C.H., 1908); one. May 31, 1952 (A. Heselden). Orpington, 1954 (L. W. Siggs); 1963 (R. G. Chatelain); Hayes (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 96). Blackheath, rare and very local, at street lamps (gas) at night, twice, June 6, 21, 1955 (A. A. Allen). Bromley, 1963 (3), 1964 (1), 1966 (2) (D. R. M. Long). West Wickham, one typical form, 1902 (A. M. & F. A. Swain coll.). Petts Wood, one typical form, 1937; one, 1937; one, 1946, both trans. ad melanic (A. M. & F. A. Swain coll.). Bexley, 1966 (2), 1967 (3), all the “green form’’ (D. O’Keeffe). 5. Downe (de Worms, loc. cit.). Westerham, one typical specimen. 1963 (R. C. Edwards). 6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 254). 7. Stockbury (H. C. Huggins). 8. Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870). 10. Valley between Brasted and Westerham, numerous pupae in hol- lows behind alder bark, imagines emerged May 9-22, 1914; Sevenoaks. June 19, 1922 (Gillett, Diary). 11. Benenden (G. V. Bull). Borough Green, one, June 11, 1950 (C.- H.). Aylesford (G. A. N. Davis). 12. Chartham, one, 1953 (P. B. Wacher). Ashford Town, one typical specimen at light, July 11, 1958 (P. Cue). West Ashford, common in an alder wood, 1960 (M. Enfield). Bourne Wood, June 30, 1954 (E. Scott). 13. Pembury, common (Stainton, Man., 2 : 97). Tunbridge Wells, often on fences, etc. (Knipe, 1916). 16. [Folkestone (Rait-Smith, Ent. Rec., 25: 174), is doubtful (W. Rait- Smith, in litt.)] Near Hythe, 1930 (Morley, 1931). Sandling Park, 1930, 1945 (A. M. Morley). Priory Wood (P. Cue). Variation. — At West Wickham, at least 50% are melanic, apparently referable to ab. obsoletaria Schille (C.-H.). In RCK are two Kentish specimens : typical impluviatu, one, “Petts Wood, 1902, H. H, Clarke”; ab. ohscurevirescens Lempke, one, Chislehurst, June 8, 1971. [H. ruberata Freyer: Ruddy Highflyer. Doubtfully Kentish. 1. Halfway Street Woods (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909) (but Fenn. Diary has no mention of this as a Kentish species — C.-H.). Hartford*, scarce (VCH., 1908)]. First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit. Horisme vitalbata Denis & Schiffermiiller: Small Waved Umber. Native. Wood borders, bushy places, hedgerows; on Clematis vitalha. Mainly on chalk, particularly downland chalk. Fairly frequent in 5-8, but generally less numerous than H. tersata D. & S. 1. Birch Wood (see First Record). Lee (Fenn, Ent. Rec., 3: 202). Plumstead; Charlton; Bostall Chalkpits; Bexley; Eltham (Wool. Surv.. <68) entomologist’s record, VOL. 83 15/VIII/71 1909). Sidcup, one, 1931, one, 1935; Farningham Wood, larvae, September 1929; Beasfield, larvae, 1929-30 (Kidner, Diary). Dartford (B. K. West). Petts Wood, several annually, 1946-50 (E. Evans). Orpington, 1948, 1949, 1953 (L. W. Siggs); (R. G. Chatelain). West Wickham, 1951 (E. Trundell). Hayes (Birchenough in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 98). Charlton Sand- pit, one, July 8, 1946 (J. F. Burton). St. Mary Cray, 1955-56 (Chatelain, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1959: 123). 2. Dartford (B. K. West). Cliffe Marshes, August 21, 1960 (R. G. Chatelain). 3. Whitstable, one (P. F. Harris). Herne Bay, occasionally (D. G. Marsh). Canterbury, imagines, also larvae on C. vitalha (J. Parry). Eddington, one, at light, June 10, 1949, (S , at light, April 24, 1952, two at m.v.l., August 3, 1951 (D. G. Marsh, Diary). 4. Near Sandwich* (Carr, Entomologist, 35: 246). Worth, June 11, 1962, August 9, 1969; two, both at m.v.l. (T. W. Harman). Ickham, one, c. 1956 (D. G. Marsh). Sandwich, one at m.v.l., August 11, 1969 (T. W. Har- man). 9. Ramsgate, one, May 19, 1938 (J. W. C. Hunt). 10. Sevenoaks, one at light indoors, August 8, 1939, one at light, May 15, 1947, one, at light, July 25, 1948 (W. E. Busbridge, Diary). 11. Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908). 12. Wye, twenty-five, 1953-56; Willesborough, one. May 27, 1954, one, May 28, three, August 3-September 2, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Ashford, August 17, 1954 (P. Cue, per E. Scott). West Ashford, common at light, 1960-61 (M. Enfield). Willesborough, one, 1961 (M. Singleton). 13. Tunbridge Wells* (Knipe, 1916). 14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). 15. Hythe Rifle-range, two. May 2, 1928, two. May 18, 1932 (A. M. Morley). Dungeness, one, June 16, 1968 (R. E. Scott). 16. Folkestone, two (A. M. Morley). First Record, 1831: Darenth and Birch Woods (Stephens, Haust., 3: 256). H. tersata Denis & SchiffermiAller: Fern. Native. Hedges, bushy places, copses, wood-borders; on Clematis vitalha. Frequent in 5-8. “Common on the chalk” (V.C.H., 1908). The moth is normally single brooded, appearing towards the end of June, and continuing throughout July to the beginning of August. In a favourable year, however, two generations perhaps occur. Thus, in 1921, H. G. Gomm (Diary) records that he disturbed the moth from foliage in Thanet on May 29 and June 2; and in the same year, A. R. Kidner (Diary) observed one at light at Sidcup on September 10. 1. Birch Wood (see First Record). Since then noted in many parts of this division. Recently from: Sidcup, 1939 (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Bexley, 1944 (A. S. Wheeler). Bromley, larvae in great abundance beaten from C. vitalha bush in the town, September 7, 1947, from which some moths were reared (C.-H.); 1959 (2), 1960 (1), 1962 (1), 1963 (2). 1964 (1), 1965 (3), all in m.v. trap, earliest date July 7, 1963, latest date August 31, 1962 (D. R. M. Long). Petts Wood, three, 1948 (E. Evans). Dartford, fairly com- mon (B. K. West). Orpington, 1951 (L. W. Siggs); two, 1958 (R. G. Chatel- ain). Abbey Wood, 1952 (A. J. Showier). Hayes (Birchenough, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 99). Blackheath, at m.v.l., 1959, and street LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (69) lamps, rare (A. A. Allen). Bexley, two, 1968 (D. O’Keeffe). 2. Dartford (B. K. West). 3. Perry Wood (Morris, Br. Moths, 2 : 21). Millstrood, one at light (P. F. Harris). Eddington, one at m.v.l., August 3, 1951 (D. G. Marsh). 4. Worth, one at m.v.l, August 9, 1969 (T. W. Harman). 9. Ramsgate, one, 1913, one, 1920 (J. W. C. Hunt). Birchington, May 29, 1921; Minster, two, June 2, 1921 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Margate, 9 one year on paling over which C. vitalha was growing (P. F. Harris). Clifton- ville, two, 1950, two, 1954-55 (W. D. Bowden). 11. Aylesford, one, 1955 (Davis, Bull. Kent Fid. CL, 1 : 6). 12. Chartham (P. B. Wacher). Wye, twelve in m.v. trap, 1953-56 (W. L. Rudland). 13. Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan). 14. Sandhurst, 1933 (G. V. Bull). 16. Folkestone Town (Morley, Ent. Rec., 64: 171); a few since (A. M. Morley). First Record, 1831 : “Local, but not uncommon in the vicinity of Darenth and Birch Woods” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 256). Meianthia prccellata Denis & Schiffermuller; Pretty Chalk Carpet. Native. Hedges, copses, wood-borders; on Clematis vitalha. Quite fre- quent in 5-8. “Common on the chalk in some places” (V.C.H., 1908). The moth appears to be normally in one generation from about the end of June to the beginning of August. At West Wickham, however, in 1949 I noted one wild example as early as June 10; and in 1957, a feral 9 there in good condition on August 28, 1955 (C.-H.). 1. Birch Wood (Curtis, Br. Ent., 643). Near Woolwich (Jones, Ent. week. Int., 10: 187). Plumstead Chalkpits; Bexley; Charlton Pit; Derrick Wood*; Hayes (Wool. Surv., 1909). Joydens Wood (Wool. Surv-, 1909); larvae plentiful, September 1, 1919, a few, August 27, 1920 (Kidner Diary). Farningham Wood, three larvae, September 29, 1929, larva, September 25, 1930 (Kidner Diary). Dartford Heath (B. K. West). Orpington, 1948-53 (L. W- Siggs). Bromley, larva on C. vitalha, September 7, 1947, imago reared (C.-H.). Petts V/ood, 1949 (A. M. & F. A. Swain). Well Wood, West Wickham, 1947 and in later years (C.-H.). Abbey Wood, 1952 (A. J. Showier). Woolwich (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 94). Bromley, 1961 (3), 1962 (1), 1963 (2), 1964 (1), 1965 (2), with earliest date June 30, 1961, latest August 18, 1965 (D. R. M. Long). 2. Dartford, very common (B. K. West). 4. Ickham, fairly numerous, 1954-59 (D. G. Marsh). Worth, one at m.v., August 10, 1969 (T. W. Harman). 9. Ramsgate* (Willson, Entomologist, 23: 140). 10. “Occurs towards Sevenoaks and Mereworth”* (Knipe^ 1916). Sevenoaks (W. E. Busbridge). Seal Chart (Howarth, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1948-49: 71) 12. Ham Street (Scott. 1936). Chartham (P. B. Wacher). Ashford (P. Cue teste E. Scott). Wye, five, 1953-56; Willesborough, one, July 31, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). 15. Dymchurch (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 65: 43). 16. Folkestone Leas, one, 1956 (R. W. Fawthrop teste A. M. Morley). Variation. — In RCK are the following abs. : — nigrapicata Cockayne^ ten, including holotype C and paratypes, labelled “Snodland | Kent 1932 | (70) entomologist’s record, VOL. 83 15/VIII/71 A. Hedges” (cf. Cockayne, Entomologist, 85; 269, with obs. on genetics); signata Lempke, two, Folkestone, 1891, one, Bexley, July 1907, one^ Snod- land, July 14, 1906; also, an ab. having “costal patch dusted white”, one, Folkestone, 1893, one, Folkestone, 1923. First Record, 1831 : “Not uncommon in the neighbourhood of Darenth and Birch Woods : I have also taken it near Dover” (Stephens, Haust., 33 : 250). [Pareulype berberata Denis & Schiffermuller: Barberry Carpet. Doubtfully Kentish. Ullyett (1880) lists berberata for the Folkestone neighbourhood, but gives no particulars and the species is unconfirmed from any other source.] Spargania luctuata Denis & Schiffermuller: White-banded Carpet. Resident. Wood clearings; on Chamaenerion angustifolium. The history of this species in England is very remarkable : it was first noted here in 1924, when F. T. Grant’s son took one at Stone in north-west Kent on June 2, and about the same time (the precise year is unknown), another was captured at Woodham Ferrers, Essex. These two specimens constituted the only known British luctuata until 1950, when, on August 6 that year, G. Haggett took a 9 at light at Ham Street. Since then, the moth has been found in many localities in East Kent, and has also occurred in Sussex, and Norfolk.^ 2. Stone, one at light in Kent Cement Works, taken June 2, 1924 (F. T. Grant in litt, Grant, Entomologist, 58: 16, idem, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1925-26: 95, Ent- Rec., 37: 12). 4. Ickham, one taken by D. G. Marsh in his garden, August 20, 1960 (D. G. Marsh personal communication, 29.x. 1960). 5. Westerham, one, 1955 (R. C. Edwards teste de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 91). 7. Westwell, three, August 1953 (Scott, Ent. Gaz-, 5: 123, idem, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1953-54: 43); fairly common at m.v., August 9, 1955 (C.-H.); one. May 22, 1961 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 74: 165). 8. Brook, one, early September 1951 by C. A. W. Duffield (de Worms. Proc S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1953-54: 14). Reinden Wood, one. May 26, four, June 10, 1953 (Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1953-54: 38); several, August 1954 (P. B. Wacher); numerous, July 31, 1955 (C.-H.). Near Folkestone, May 1956 (Birkett, Ent. Rec., 69: 2). Covert Wood, five, June 20, 27, 1954, two. May 22, 1955 (W. D. Bowden). West Wood, August 14, 1960 (C. R. Haxby & J. Briggs). 11. Aylesford, one at m.v., 1954 (G. A. N. Davis). 12. Ham Street. — Birchett Wood, August 6, 1950, 9 taken by G. Haggett (Haggett, Ent. Gaz., 3: 27); two at light, August 3, 1951 (E. J. Hare); Birchett Wood, end May 1952, two at light; Burnt Oak, several by day. May 27, 1952, several August 3-11, 1952 (Hare, Ent. Gaz., 4: 163-164). Thirty seen by day, early August 1953 (Haggett, Ent. Gaz-, 5 : 41); one at sugar at 10.55 p.m., June 12, 1956 (W. D. Bowden); June 19, 1956 (Scott, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1956: 77); Faggs Wood, several, June 8, 1957; also noted annually in Birchett and Long Rope, 1952-57 (C.-H.); 1958 (Goater, Proc. S. Lond. ent- nat. Hist. Soc., 1958: 10; Scott, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1958: 72). Abundant by day and at light, June 1-2. 1956, many May 16, 1959 (R. F. Bretherton). Two at sugar. August 2, 1956 LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (71> (R. A. Jackson, Diary). August 15-20, 1960 (C. R. Briggs and J. Haxby). Seven, July 31, 1964; one, August 3, 1965 (R. G. Chatelain). Eight kicked up by day, one at light, 1967 (T. W. Harman). July 22, 1967, 9, June 6, 1968 (D. O’Keeffe). For further records for here cf. Entomologist, 92: 69. 100: 97; Ent. Rec., 65: 326, 73: 189, 81 : 109; Proc. S. Lond. ent nat. Hist. Soc., 1953: 15, 1959: 77. Willesborough, three, August 3-15, 1955, one, June 22, 1956; Wye, one August 6, 1953, one, August 24, 1954 (W. L. Rudland). Ashford Town, c. 1953 (P. Cue). Bourne Wood, c. 1953 (P. Cue); many seen (Scott, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1955: 72). Horn’s Wood, Ruckinge, early July 1954, larvae on C. angustifolium, and imagines (More, Ent. Gaz., 5 : 234; idem, Proc. S- Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1954-55: 38); about 60 moths, August 14, 1954, disturbed or flying naturally in sun, 6-6.45 p.m. (C.-H.). 13. Goudhurst, one, 1959 (W. V. D. Bolt). 15, Dungeness, one at m.v., August 27, 1967 (R. E. Scott). 16. Folkestone Town, one, August 1, 1951 (Morley, Ent- Rec., 64: 172); one, 1954 (R. W. Fawthrop teste A. M. Morley); one, 1955 (A. M. Morley). Variation. — Edwards iProc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1954-55: 25) exhibited an ab. “with white bar extending to outer margin”, the only one among 50 bred from Ham Street; and a somewhat similar ab. also from Ham Street is in G. Law coll. (C.-H.). In RCK are the following aberrations : interrupta Klem., one, bred Ham Street, May 17, 1956, A. L. Goodson; separata Roman., four, Ham Street; atrolata Schwad., three. Ham Street; indistincta Osih. = effusa Muller, one. Ham Street, June 20, 1957, H. B. D. Kettlewell; approxi- mata Lempke, five bred Ham Street; an ab. with “median band reduced to 3 black spots, hindwings infuscated” (cf. Ent. Rec., 68, pit. 2, fig. 8). one bred, Ham Street. First Record, 1925 : Grant, Entomologist, 58 : 16. This is also the first British record. ^The sudden appearance and spread of luctuata may be connected in som.e way with a similar spread in Holland (cf. G. Black jr., Ent. Berichteii, 1956, 16 : 8). Rheumaptera liastata L.: Argent and Sable. Native. Wood clearing; [on birch]. Locally plentiful some years, e.g. in 1929 and 1953. 1. Birch Wood (Courtney, Entomologist, 1 : 227). Shooters Hill Wood, one. June 4, 1862 (A. H. Jones, in Wool. Surv., 1909). West Wood (W. Groves teste Fenn, Diary, 1861). Bromley Common, one, c. 1933 (W. A. Cope.) West Wickham., Q, June 1. 1P59 (H. Tompkins. Diary). West Wick- ham Wood (Douglas. Zoologist, 3183); one, June 6, 1926 (A. M. & F, A. Swain coll.); “dozens flying in the sunshine”, June 9, 1929 (S. Wakely). 3. Blean Woods. — June 2, 1866, one (Fenn, Diary); Bossenden Wood, 1924-27 (H. C. Huggins); Church Wood, one, June 23, 1924 (H. G. Gomm, Diary); occurs not rarely in the open parts of West Blean Woods, e.g. Clowes Wood (A. J. L. Bowes). Trenley Park, one, June 17, 1929 (H. G Gomm, Diary). 6a. Darenth Wood (Donovan, Nat. Hist. Br. Ins., 4: 56); “I have taken a few specimens at Darenth-wood” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 249); June 12, 1860 (Fenn, Lep. Data); one. May 21, 1865 (Fenn, Diary). Chattenden (see under (72) ENTIMOLOGIST’s record, VOL. 83 15/IX/71 Variation). I. Wigmore Wood, one specimen some years ago by G. Lewcock (Chaney, 1884-87). Syndale Old Gravel Pit, fairly common, 1924-27 (H. C. Huggins). Kings Wood; Long Beech Wood (Scott, 1936). 8. Folkestone (Ullyett, 1880). Reinden Wood, some numbers, June 10, 1929 (H. G. Gomm. Diary); Morley, 1931). Dover, two, June 1927 (Stock- well coll.). Eltham Park Wood, two, June 6, 9, 1924; Woolwich Wood, one. May 17, 1925, three. May 23-24, 1926, eleven. May 29-June 6, 1927, one. May 28, 1928, (W. E. Busbridge, Diary). Barham; Shepherdswell (E. & Y., 1949). Wye (C. A. W. Duffield). Denge Wood, several, 1913 (R. P. A. Hunt). Petham, one, 1935 (C.-H.). Chilham, one. May 1942 (C. M. Gummer). II. Mereworth Woods, one, 1933 (J. Fremlin). Hoads Wood, c. 1953( P. Cue); two. May 29, 1953 (W. L. Rudland); fairly common, 1953 (W. V. D. Bolt); a few seen and one taken, 1959 (M. Singleton). 12. Ham Street Woods, two, June 1, 1950, four. May 23, 1953 (C.-H.); June 2, 1956, May 16, 1959 (R. F. Bretherton); June 8, 1957 (Scott, Proc. S. Lond, ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1957: 68); three, June 3, 1968 (Chatelain et al, Ent. Rec., 81 : 109). 13. Tunbridge Wells dist-,* scarce (R. H. Rattray in Knipe, 1916). Groombridge, 1931 (Bull. Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1931-32: 59). 14. Knock Wood, Tenterden, June 16, 1856 (Beale, Ent. week. Int., 1 : 91). Woodchurch (G. V. Bull). Variation. — In RCK is ab. demolita Prout, one, Chattenden, June 11, 1887. First Record, 1795: Darenth Wood (Donovan, loc. cit.). R. cervinalis Scop.: Scarce Tissue. Resident. Parks, gardens; [on Berheris vulgaris and “Garden Berberis”] 1. West Wickham, c5'» May 16, 1860 (H. Tompkins, Diary); 1867 (Barrett, Entomologist, 3: 330); one, 1910, several, 1911, in E. Nottle coll. (C.-H.). Lee, one, April 28^ 1862; May 22, 1865; 10 in about 10 minutes, April 27, 1894 (Fenn, Diary; idem, Ent- Rec., 7 : 258); uncommon (Green, Trans. W. Kent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1905-06: 15). Eltham, at lamps (A. H. Jones in Buckell and Prout, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 72). Black- heath Park, very common on fences under Barberry bushes (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 199). Lewisham, one, 1884 (R. Adkin in Wool. Surv., 1909). Abbey Wood, May 17, 1862 (Fenn, Diary). Chislehurst, three, May 14-23, 1906, one. May 13, 1907 (S. F. P. Blyth). Sydenham, between 1874 and 1891 (Sellon, Ent. Rec., 2: 164). Forest Hill^ one. May 8, 1887 (Cansdale, Ent. Rec., 2 : 69). Bexley (L. W. Newman in Wool. Surv., 1909); (L. T. Ford); one at m.v.. May 15, 1952 (A. H. Heselden). Near Dartford,* several larvae beaten out, June 16, 1912; Sidcup, May 15, 1930, May 17., 1933, May 10, 24, 1938, all singletons at light (Kidner, Diary). Orpington, 1949 (A. M. Swain in de Worms, Lond. Nat, 1956: 75). Blackheath, one flying after dusk in garden, early May 1955., “there are bushes of Berberis spinosa in garden” (A. A. Allen). St. Mary Cray, 1957 (R. G. Chatelain in de Worms, Lond. Nat, 1959: 119). 2. Dartford, 9 , May 19, 1946 (B. K. West). 3. Eddington, Herne Bay, May 6 (1), 8 ( 9 at light) 1949, May 19 ( 9 at m.v.), 23 ((5* and 9 at m.v.), 1951, May 16, 1952 (one at light) (D. G. Marsh), 5. Halstead (R. E. Frampton per S. Wakely). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). Chelsfield, 1948 (A. M. Swain in de Worms, Lond. Nat, 1956: LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (73) 75). 6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). Gravesend, about three at light (H. C. Huggins). Swanscombe*, 1952 (L. W. Siggs in de Worms, Lond. Nat, 1358: 75). 8. East Downs, Folkestone, not scarce. May (Knaggs, 1870). [10. Sevenoaks, April 10, 1920, at light (Gillett, Entomologist, 53: 67).] [11. Aylesford, 1955 (Davies, Bull. Kent Fid. CL, 1 : 6).] Variation. — In RCK are ab. reheli, one, Dartford, bred 1874 (fig. lb, pit. 364 in Barrett, Lep. Br. Is.); ab. unicoloraria Schwing., one. North Kent, 1898. First Record, 1860 : Tompkins, Diary. R. undulata L.: Scallop Shell. Native. Woods; on Salix cinerea, “dwarf poplar”. Apparently extinct in 1. 1. Birch Wood, one, August 1882 (Pye, Rochester Nat., 1896: 51). Brown’s Woods, two, June 22, 1875 (Fenn, Diary) (“Bexley Woods” (Wool. Surv., 1909), may refer). Shooters Hill Wood, two, June 27, 1887 (Fenn, Diary) Eltham, rare (A. H. Jones, in Buckell and Prout, Trans. Cy Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 72). Keston, Farnborough, odd specimens most years (W. Barnes, Wool. Surv., 1909). [West Wickham]* 1861 (Huckett, Ent. week. Int., 10: 115); may refer to Darenth Wood, or to both. West Wickham one, 1883 (Geldart, Entomologist, 16: 279). 3. Canterbury,* one, 1906, one bred 1914, both in F. A. Small coll (C.- H.). Blean, one June 22, 1921 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). Little Hall Wood, about, 12 moths beaten out by day in 1936 and subsequently to 1946 (C.-H.). Herne Bay, one (D. G. Marsh). Pine Wood, occasionally^ c. 1946 (J. A. Parry). 6. Clay Lane Wood, one or two annually, 1902-10 (H. C. Huggins). Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). 6a. Darenth Wood (Donovan, Nat. Hist. Br. Ins., 10: 43); two bred in 1864 from larvae found in rolled leaves of dwarf poplar (Meek, Ent. mon. Mag., 1 : 190); one, 1865 (A. H. Jones teste Fenn, Diary). Chattenden, one, July 12, 1884 (Fenn. Diary); 1899 (Ash, Ent. Rec., 11 : 273); and recorded several times in the interval but not since. Cobham Great Wood, one. May 23, 1868 (J. J. Walker MS.); a very early date but an exceptionally early year. Mark Oak Wood (Chaney, 1883-87). 7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1883-87). Boxley, 1953 (A. H. Harbottle.) 8. Lady Wood (Knaggs, 1870. Reinden Wood, 1882 (Salwey, Entomo- logist, 15: 197); o, July 17, 1929 (Morley, 1931). Warren^ Folkestone, not scarce (in 1893) (W. J. Austen teste Fenn, Diary). Woolwich Wood, one, June 19, 1904 (Stockwell, Diary). Spong Wood near Elmstead (Irby coll. teste Scott, 1964). Barham, scarce (E. & Y., 1949). 10. Seal Chart (Carrington, Entomologist, 13: 79); three, July 5, 1885 (Fenn, Diary); July 13 (1), 16 (2), 1956 (Davis, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1956: 25). Brasted, one, 1917 (R. M. Prideaux). Dunton Green, one, June 26, 1908 (Kidner, Diary). Sevenoaks, 1920 (Gillette Diary); one, August 5, 1939, at dusk in garden (Busbridge, Diary). Westerham (E. J. Hare); (R. C. Edwards). Goodley Stock, one, 1956 (C.-H.). 12. Ham Street Woods (Scott, 1936); two, 1960 (M. Singleton and D, Youngs); one, July 15, 1962 (G. Hagett); o, July 24, 1965 (R. G. Chatelain); larvae on S. cinerea in Faggs and Smallmans Woods, Septem- (74) ENTIMOLOGIST’s record, VOL. 83 15/IX/71 ber 11, 1966 (C.-H., Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1967: 24); August 28, 1967 (de Worms, Entomologist, 101 : 117); 1968 (Chatelain et al., Ent. Rec., 81: 110); June 25 (^), July 1(9); 1968 (D. O’Keeffe). 13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2: 110). Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan), 14. Knock Wood, Tenterden, two, c. 1855 (Beale, Diary; idem. Zoologist, 4130). Variation. — In RCK is a a striking ab. having “rays in place of normal lines”, one. Seal Chart, 1881. First Record, 1801 : “Sometimes taken in Kent, particularly in Darent Wood, Dartford” (Donovan, loc. cit.). Trjphosa dubitata L.: Tissue. Resident, perhaps native. Wood borders, hedgerows, heaths, bushy places; on Rhamnus cartharticus. Suspected casual or immigrant in 2-4, 9, 15. 1. Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 263). West Wickham, 1859 (Barrett. Ent. week. Int., 7: 75); one, August 10, 1861 (Fenn, Diary); a few (in 1891) (Wells, Ent. Rec., 2 : 81, 3: 35); 1951 (E. Trundell). Chislehurst (Cockerell. Entomologist, 16: 233); six, August 1906 at heather bloom, one, September 6, 1923 (S. F. P. Blyth). St. Pauls Cray Common, two, August 27, 1886, on heather; Petts Wood, one, August 5, 1865; Joydens Wood, two on heather, August 21, 1875 (Fenn, Diary). Lewisham, 1885 (Marriott, Young Nat., 7: 79). Sidcup, one. May 8, 1912, one. May 14, 1920, one, September 3, 1923; New Etham, one, October 2, 1925, (Kidner, Diary). Lee, one, June, one, August 13, 1861, one September 4, 1887, one, September 7, two, September 8, 1891 (Fenn, Diary); one, 1900 (Carr, Entomologist, 34: 110); one (Green. Trans. W. Kent, nat. Hist. Soc-, 1905-06: 15). Shooters Hill, one, April 6, 1865 (Fenn, Diary). Bostall Heath (C. Fenn, Wool. Surv., 1909). Lewisham. 1867 (R. Adkin, Wool. Surv., 1909). Farnborough, scarce (W. Barnes, Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley dist. (L. W. Newman, Wool. Surv., 1909). Sydenham, c. 1889 (Sellon, Ent. Rec., 2 : 164); one, August 1898 (Swain in Buckell and Prout, Trans. Cy Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1901 : 68). Westcombe Park (Tutt in Buckell and Prout, Trans. Cy Lon. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 72). Blackheath, on lamps and fences (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 199). Eltham (A. H. Jones in Buckell and Prout, Trans. Cy Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 72). Dartford, one, September 27, 1946 (B. K. West). Keston (R. F. Birchenough in de Worms, Lend. Nat., 1956: 74). Beckenham (K. P. Keywood in de Worms, loc. cit.). 2. Sheppey, 1873 (Hodgson, Ent. mon. Mag., 10: 180). 3. Herne Bay, one, September 1932, one, July 23, 1934, in A. J. L. Bowes coll. (C.-H.). Chestfield, one. May 4, 1948 (P. F. Harris). 4. Deal Sandhills, one, August 20, 1888 (Fenn, Diary). 5. Chevening, three, May 1-9, one, August 13, 1912, one, August 23, 1913, three, July 29-August 25, 1914, one, August 4, 1917 (Gillett, Diary). West- erham (R. C. Edwards). 6. Greenhithe* (Earn MS.). Gravesend, common on an old buckthorn hedge (H. C. Huggins); one, September 1, 1910, one, September 15, 1912 (F. T. Grant). Pinden, occasionally (E. J. Hare). Eynsford, a larva, July 11, 1933, five larvae, July 4, 1934, three larvae, June 19, 1938 (Kidner. Diary). Rochester dist.,* 1905 (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 18: 19). Stone, one, 1956; Churchdown Wood, Fawkham, four (G. Law). 6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, loc. cit.); on buckthorn, 1864 (Meek. Ent, LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (75) mon. Mag., 1 : 190). Cobham, May 26, 1912 (F. Grant). 7. Wigmore Wood, not common (Chaney, 1883-87). Hollingbourne, three, May 11, 1907 (R. A. Jackson, Diary). Sittingbourne (H. C. Huggins). West- well (Scott, 1936); 1946 (Bull, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 194S-47: 169); one, August 8, 1951 (C.-H.); one, 1957 (E. Scott teste P. Cue). 8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880); one, August 16, 1937 (A. M. & F. A. Swain coll.). Stowting; Brook (C. A. W. Duffield). St. Margaret’s Bay, one, August 21, 1890 (Fenn, Ent. Rec., 1 : 204). Dover, one, August 10, 1944 (B. O. C. Gardiner). Dover; Waldershare (E. & Y., 1949). Folkestone Warren, one at light, August 15, 1946 (A. M. Morley). Wye Chalkpit, June 10, 1957, beat seven larvae from buckthorn, moths reared (P. Cue). 9. Broadstairs, one, March 30, 1920 (J. W. C. Hunt). Minster, March 27 (4), April 7 (5), 21 (2), 1921, all around gas lamps (H. G. Gomm). Clifton- ville, one, September 10, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). 10. Brasted, occasionally (R. M. Prideaux). 11. Tonbridge, one, April 30, 1871 (Raynor, Entomologist, 6: 79). Eden- bridge, 1932, 1934 (F. D. Greenwood). Wateringbury, three in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.). 12. Ham Street, April 9, 1933 (J. H. B. Lowe). 13. Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan). 14. Tenterden, c. 1855 (Beale, Diary). Sandhurst, one, 1929, in G. V. Bull coll. (C.-H.). 15. Dungeness, six at sallow blossoms, April 3-4, 1946 (A. M. Morley). 16. Folkestone, one, August 20, 1928, one. May 5, 1929, one at sallow, March 25, 1945 (A. M. Morley). First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit. Phiiereme vetySata Denis & Schiffermuller: Brown Scallop. Native. Wood borders, copses, hedges; on Rhamnus catharticus. 1. Lewisham (Fenn, Ent- week. Int, 9: 59); abundant, 1861-62, one, 1863 (Fenn, Diary). Pauls Cray Common, fourteen, July 21, 1888 (Fenn, Diary). Hayes (Carr, Entomologist, 32: 40). Bexley (L, W. Newman, Wool Surv., 1909); larvae common on one bush, 1943 (Wakely, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1943-44: 20). Chislehurst, 1909 (Sperring, Ent. Rec-, 22: 13). Farningham, a few larvae on R. catharticus (R. G. Chatelain). Bromley, July 28, 1963 (1), July 22, 1965 (1), July 5, 1966 (1) (D. R. M. Long). 5. Westerham (R. C. Edwards. Biggin Hill, larvae on R. catharticus, June 3, 1958 and in 1965 (C.-H.). High Elms, several worn, July 23, 1963 (R. G. Chatelain). 6. Between Darenth and Hartford, four, July 13, 1888 (Fenn, Diary). Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). Gravesend (H. C. Huggins). Eynsford, near rifle range, larvae on R. catharticus, June 4, 1965 (R. G. Chatelain). Wrotham, July 20, 1965 (T. Peet). 6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust, 3: 261); 1864 (Meek, Ent. mon. Mag., 1 : 190); 1891 (James Entomologist, 25 : 67); Buckell, Ent. Rec., 2 : 190). Chattenden Roughs, not common (Chaney, 1883-87). 7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1883-87). Westwell (Scott, 1936); one, 1960 (M. Enfield). Bearsted, one, 1947 (G. Law). Molash Woods, one, July 3, 1949 (T. G. Edwards). Boxley (A. H. Harbottle). 8. Brook (C. A. W. Duffield); common (M. Singleton). Alkham; Walder- share (E. & Y., 1949). Woolwich Wood, one, July 2, 1950 (W. D. Bowden). Lydden, larvae plentiful on R- catharticus, May 21, 1950 (C.-H.). (76) entomologist’s record, VOL. 84 15/1/72 11. Hoads Wood, 8-10 flying by day, June 21, 1955 (P. Cue); numbers “beaten from the undergrowth around the low branches of oak”, July 1959t (M. Singleton). 12. Willesborough, one, August 2, 1954, one, July 21, 1956; Wye, two, 1954, one, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). 13. Tunbridge Wells* (R. H. Rattray in Knipe, 1916). First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit. P. tranversata Hufnagel ssp. variegata Lempke: Dark Umber. Native. Wood borders, copses, hedges; on Rhamnus cartharticus. I. Lewisham, five, July 4, 1862; Dartford Heath, one, July 24, 1893 (Fenn, Diary). Chislehurst, one, August 3, 1907 (S. F. P. Blyth). Lee; Bexley; Keston (Wool. Surv., 1909). Orpington, 1949 (L. W. Siggs). Abbey Wood, 1954 (A. J. Showier). West Wickham, one, August 9, 1963, in m.v. trap (R. F. Birchenough). Farningham, a few larvae on R. catharticus, June 2, 1965 (R. G. Chatelain). Bromley, July 25 (1), 27 (3), 1964 (D. R. M. Long). 5. Farnborough* (Barnes, Wool. Surv., 1909). Downe (Barnes, loc. cit.); 1955 (C.-H.). Chevening, larva. May 16, 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). Chelsfleld, 1951 (A. M. and F. A. Swain). Cudham, 1952 (L. W. Siggs). Biggin Hill (C.-H.). Sevenoaks* (see under Variation). High Elms, two, August 10, 1962 (R. G. Chatelain). 6. Between Dartford and Darenth, July 13, 18, 1888 (Fenn, Diary). Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Shoreham* (Carr, Entomologist, 32 : 40). Graves- end (H. C. Huggins). Culverstone, 1922; Wrotham, 1924 (F. T. Grant). Eyns- ford, several larvae, June 7, 1932 (Kidner Diary). (L. T. Ford); not common (B. K. West). Pinden (E. J. Hare). Otford (W. B. L. Manley); June 21, 1959 (Trundell, Proc. S. Loud. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1959: 89). Eynsford larvae on R. catharticus, June 4, 1965 (R. G. Chatelain). 6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust-, 3: 260); (James, Entomologist, 25: 67, 28: 86). 7. Faversham (Barrett, Entomologist, 3: 331). Wigmore Wood; Darland Hill (Chaney, 1883-87). Westwell, July 16, 1934 (A. J. L. Bowes); one, 1959 (M. Singleton); two, 1960 (M. Enfield & D. Youngs). Soakham Downs (Scott, 1936). Godmersham, 1938 (C.-H.). Kings Wood (Scott, 1950). 8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Elham, five, July 4-7, 1934 (Busbridge, Diary). Ewell Minnis; Shepherdswell; Whitfield; Wingmore (E. & Y., 1949). Dover, very common 1945, seen most years 1945-52 (B. O. C. Gardiner). Lydden, larvae fairly plentiful on R. catharticus, May 21, 1950 (C.-H.). Brook (Scott, 1936); one, 1959 (M. Singleton). Crundale, larvae. May 17, 1937 (E. Scott). Wye (C. A. W. Duffield); one 1954, three 1956 (W. L. Rudland). II. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Aylesford, one, July 17, 1951 (G. A. N. Davis). 12. Wye, one, 1954, three, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Orlestone Woods, one, July 27, 1967 (T. W. Harman). 16. Folkestone, one, August 5, 1954 (A. M. Morley). Variation. — Lempke (Ent. Gaz., 19: 30) describes ssp. britannica as having the ground colour of the wings of a “much paler brown than that of the nominate form”, and illustrates a Kentish 9 , Sevenoaks, 22. vi. 1954 (pit. 3, fig. 6). First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit. LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (77) Euphyia biangulata Haworth: picata Hiibner: Cloaked Carpet. Native. Woods; foodplant unknown. 1. Abbey Wood; Shooters Hill (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 199). Bexley (A. H. Jones in Wool. Surv., 1909). Keston (H. Alderson in Wool. Surv., 1909). 3. Near Canterbury*, July (1871), a fine series (Parry, Entomologist, ! 5: 394). Canterbury*, July 1902(2), 1906(2), in F. A. Small coll. (C.-H.) Wardwell Wood; Bysing Wood, not uncommon, 1913-14, about 3-4 an j evening; decidedly rare, 1924-26, about 3-4 per annum (H. C. Huggins), j Blean Wood, one, July 20, 1923, in R.C.K. (C.-H.). East Blean Wood, one, July 7, 1921 (H. G. Gomm). Sturry, one, July 11, 1927 (H. G. Gomm). i Clowes Wood, one, July 7, 1945 (P. F. Harris). Little Hall Wood, one, i July 7, 1946; Broad Oak, one, July 20, 1946 (C.-H.). j 6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). i 6a. Darenth and its vicinity (Stephens, Haust., 3: 226). Darenth Wood, [ 1860 (Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 9: 59) (Hartford (V.C.H., 1908), may refer). Darenth, one, July 2, 1903, in RCK (C.-H.). “Kent” [? Chattenden], one, 1859 (Allchin, Ent. week. Int., 8: 5). North Kent [Chattenden] — 1874-75 (Porritt, Entomologist, 7: 181, 8: 219); 1875 (Tugwell, Entomologist, 8: 293). Chattenden (Chaney, 1884-87); 9 at rest on oak. July 26, 1888 (Fenn, Diary). Chattenden Woods, not uncommon (Porritt, Naturalist, 6: 119). 7. Faversham*, 1867 (Barrett, Entomologist, 3: 331). Wigmore; Mark Oak Wood* (Chaney, loc. cit.). 8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Reinden Wood, one, 1882 (Salwey, Entomologist, 15: 197), 10. Sevenoaks, June 1868 (Gill, in Ent. Ann., 1869: 142); one, June 21, 1871 (Raynor, Ent. Rec., 17: 267). Seal Chart, one, July 5, 1885 (Fenn, Diary); (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1905-06: 39). 11. Wateringbury, 1904 (W. A. Cope); (V.C.H., 1908). Aylesford, one, 1954 (G. A. N. Davis). 13. Pembury, common (Stainton, Man., 2 : 112). Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan). 14. Knock Wood, Tenterden, c. 1855 (S. C. Tress Beale, Diary). Ten- terden, common (Stainton, Man., 2 : 112). Sandhurst, one, c. 1935 (G. V. Bull). Variation. — In RCK are the following: Ab. albofasciata Gauckler, one, “Folkestone Dist.”; trans ad ab. albofasciata Gauckler, one, Blean Wood, 20.vii.l923, W. Rait-Smith. First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit. E. unangulata Haworth: Sharp-angled Carpet. Native. Woods; foodplant unknown. 1. Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 225). Bromley neighbourhood, 1882 (Watchurst, Entomologist, 16: 19). [West Wickham], 1861 (Huckett, Ent. week. Int., 10: 115). Farnborough, scarce, 1900 (H. Alderson, Wool. Surv., 1909).. 3. Oldridge Wood, several, c. 1946 (J. A. Parry). Broad Oak, one at light, July 26, 1946 (C.-H.). 5. Chevening, July 6, 1912, July 11, 1913 (Gillett, Diary). 6. Longfield, 1867 (Jennings, Entomologist, 4 (54) : ii), 6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, loc. cit.), [Darenth Wood] (Huckett, loc. cit.). (78) entomologist’s record, VOL. 84 15/1/72 7. Long Beech Wood, common (Scott, 1936); six at light, July 29, 1939 (C.-H.). Westwell, July 13, 1934 (A. J. L. Bowes). Boxley, 1953 (A. H. Harbottle). Hollingbourne, odd ones, 1920-22 (H. C. Huggins). 8. Folkestone*, 1860 (Fereday, Ent. week. Int., 9: 136); 1912 (Rait- Smith, Ent. Rec., 25: 174). Between Sandwich and St. Margaret’s Bay* (1883) (Shepherd, Entomologist, 17: 137). Elham, two at acetylene light, July 4, 1934 (Busbridge, Diary) (Wingmore (E. & Y., 1949) perhaps refers). Elham' Park Wood, July 8, 1953 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 66: 110; idem, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1953-54: 45). 10. Westerham*, July 16, 1898 (Heasler, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1898: 8). Sevenoaks, June 27, 1920 (Gillett, Diary). 11. Hoads Wood, one (P. Cue). 12. Ashford Town, two in garden, c. 1953 (P. Cue). Willesborough, August 20 (1), 21 (2), 23 (4), 1955 (W. L. Rudland). 13. Tunbridge Wells district*, one, 1868 (Cox, Entomologist, 4 (62): ii). Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan); three, 1958 (L. R. Tesch per C. A. Stace)t Goudhurst, about six per annum, 1955-61 (W. V. D. Bolt). 14. Between Cranbrook and Hawkhurst, several (W. A. Cope). 16. Folkestone Town, one, June 1951 (A. G. Riddell per A. M. Morley). First Record, 1831 : Stephens, loc. cit. Epirrita dilutata Denis & SchifTermiiller: November Moth. Native. Woods, parks, gardens, bushy places, etc.; on hawthorn, aspen, elm, maple, sloe. Recorded from all divisions, except 7 (probably pre- sent) and 15. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908). D. R. M. Long records finding the larva at Bromley on hawthorn and aspen, at High Elms (div. 5) on elm and maple, and at Eynsford on sloe. Variation.— Newman (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1997-08: 93; Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1907: 11) exhibited a melanic taken wild in Bexley Woods, October 23, 1907, “the first melanic specimen of this species reported from Kent”. In 1900, Buckell and Prout (Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 68) stated that the vast majority of London examples belong to ab. obscurata Stgr. In RCK are the following named abs. : pallida Prout, “Kent” (2); melana Prout, Mereworth, bred 1904 (4); fimbriata Haw., “Canterbury Wacher ’94” (1); disjuncta Lempke, “Kent” (1). First Record, 1720 : The larva “was taken on the White-thorn . . . near Peckham” (Albin. Nat. Hist. Eng. Ins., facing Pit. XLV. As this may refer to Surrey, the first positive Kentish record dates from 1809: Phalaena fimbriata Haw., Haworth, Lep. Britannica, 2 : 320. E. christyi Allen: Pale November Moth. Resident, perhaps native. Woods, copses; on maple, sloe, oak. Note : Owing to the difficulty of checking genitalically much of the recorded material, there are relatively few records of confirmed Kentish occurrence, and unless so confirmed the following should be accepted conditionally, 1. Farnborough, October 1938 (D. Marsh, in de Worms, Lond. Nat, 1956: 87). West Wickham (E. Trundell, in de Worms, loc. cit.). Orpington a feral larva, from which a 9 ab. was bred October 21, 1949, gen. det. D. S. Fletcher (L. W. Siggs). LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (79) 6. Shoreham, larva beaten from oak, 1955, imago reared (R. G. Chatelain). Pinden, taken by E. J. Hare, October 1961 (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1934: 32). 7. Westwell (Scott, 1950). 8. Wye Downs, two, November 3, 1938, det. L. B. Prouti(C. G. M. de Worms); November 6, 1954 (de Worms, Entomologist, 88: 62), West Studdal, scarce (E. & Y., 1949). Brook (Scott, 1950). Woolwich Wood, October 16, 1971, gen. det. (C.-H.). 11. Great Chart, larvae on maple, c. 1953, imagines reared; Hoads Wood, larvae on sloe (P, Cue). 12. Ham Street, 4 (j'c?, October 20, 1967, gen. det. D. O’Keeffe (D. O’Keeffe). 16. Folkestone, one (A. M. Morley). Variation. — Siggs’s Orpington specimen is strikingly aberrant, and appears to conform to ab. intermedia Heydem. First Notice, 1938: C. G M. de Worms. E. autumnata Borkhausen: Autumnal Moth. Resident, perhaps native. Woods, on birch. Note : Owing to the difficulty of checking genitalically much of the recorded material, there are relatively few records of confirmed Kentish occurrence, and unless so confirmed the following should be accepted conditionally. I. Orpington, 1949 (L. W. Siggs, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 87). 7. Westwell (Scott, 1964). Eastwell (P. Cue). 8. Dover. — Here dilutata is not common, “and its place seems to be taken by the more silky triangular-winged autumnaria” (Webb, Ent. Rec., 8: 11). Brook (Scott, 1964). 10. Westerham, larva. May 8, 1937 (Coote and Jacobs, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat Hist. Soc., 1937-38: 37). Seal Chart (Fuller, Entomologist, 74: 70); I have a (J taken by J. L. Fuller, labelled “Seal Chart Oct./ 1941’’. gen. det. (C.-H.); several worn examples, October 29, 1963, gen. det.; fresh examples, October 11, 1965, gen. det.; larvae beaten from birch. May 20, 1965, from v/hich a single example was bred, gen. det. (C.-H.). II. Sevenoaks Weald, October 11, 1959 (E. A. Sadler). Hoads Wood (P. Cue). 12. East Kent [Ham Street] (de Worms, Entomologist, 72: 124). Ashford Town, two (P. Cue teste C. G. M. de Worms in litt., 15.xi.l961). Orlestone Woods, 2 (Sd, taken October 20, 1967, by D. O’Keeffe, gen. det. D.O’K. (C.-H. coll.). 14. Sandhurst, one bred October 21, 1945, by G. V. Bull from a larva, is a fine ab., gen. det. (C.-H. coll.). Variation.— The Sandhurst specimen is a large silvery white c? with very distinct markings. First Record, 1896: Webb, Ent. Rec., 8: 11. Operophtera bmmata L.: Winter Moth. Native. Woods, hedgerows, orchards, gardens, etc.; on oak, hawthorn, birch, apple, elm, cherry, dog-rose, lime, sloe, sallow, hazel, maple, bilberry, aspen, sycamore, cob-nut, currant, gooseberry (fruit and foliage). In all divisions, and probably present throughout the county wherever there are deciduous trees and shrubs. “Generally far too abundant” (V.C.H., 1908). 15/11/72 (80) entomologist’s record, VOL. 84 The larva has perhaps occurred most often in Kent on the first thirteen of the above-mentioned foodplants, and there are numerous records of its having been found on these. Regarding the others, D. R. M. Long has taken the larva at Bromley on aspen, sycamore and currant; and Theobald (Jnl. S.E. Agric. Coll Wye, 1910 (19), 97) records the larva at Stone-in-Oxney on cob-nut bushes, and at Rodmersham, where “they attacked the young gooseberries as well as the leaves of the bushes”. The imago is usually well out by about the third week of November, and then continues throughout December and into January. In 1862, Fenn (Diary) noted one at Lee as early as October 9, and I have a record that in 1939, I saw several still on the wing in East Blean on February 10 — an unusually late occurrence (C.-H.). In 1952, R. Cheesman took a (5' hrumata which was flying in Larkey Valley Wood (div. 8) on July 6 — a most extraordinary date — and showed me the specimen (C.-H.). One suspects that in nature many species occasionally lie over in the pupal stage for more than one year, but to get positive evidence of this is of course extremely difficult. However, we do know of one such case with hrumata where, though there is no actual proof of lying over, the circumstances are such as to appear fairly conclusive. In December 1945, Massee (Rpt E. Mailing Res. Stn., 1946; 127) noticed that very few 9 9 were seen in a cherry orchard at East Mailing which was partially defoliated by larvae earlier in the year. He adds that in December 1946, the moths were very prevalent at this locality though the previous spring the larval attacks were negligible. Massee therefore concluded that in 1945, only some of the moths emerged in November and December, and that in that particular season many remained in pupa throughout the winter and did not produce moths until the autumn of 1946. In the past, the species has sometimes appeared in such vast swarms in Kent as to reach pest proportions, the damage resulting being par- ticularly noticeable in orchards. In 1909, Wakely reported that the oaks at Tunbridge Wells and Goudhurst were “despoiled of their foliage”; and on June 2 the same year, N. T. Hillier complained that at Horsmonden, “the fruit crop is doomed for this season . . . many trees having barely a leaf on them” (teste Theobald, loc. cit). In 1907, according to Murdoch (in Theobald, Jnl. S. E. Agric. Coll. Wye, 1908 (17), 101), many grease bands on fruit trees at Linton contained 100 9 9 hrumata; and at Rod- mersham, Mercer (in Theobald, loc. cit) said that “some three hundred were found on one band”. So abundant, indeed, was the species in 1907, and so severe were the effects of the attacks of the larvae, that in the Sittingbourne and Faversham fruit districts, the “trees looked in sum- mer as if it were in winter”. According to Colthrup (Ent. Rec., 30 : 73), 1917 was another bad year for the fruit growers, larvae of hrumata doing an immense amount of damage to apple trees that year, with large acreages in both east and west Kent practically devoid of foliage. (S hrumata has been found in cop with 9 O. fagata and vice versa (see under O. fagata). Variation. — A. M. Massee told me he took eleven gynandromorphs at Old Quarry, Burbridge Cherry Orchard, East Mailing, c. 1940 (C.-H.). Newman (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist Soc., 1907-08: 88) recorded “black aberrations” from North Kent; and I have two ab. hueni Prout from West Wickham, 1947, among a lot of normal specimens from there (C.-H.). LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (81) I The following are in RCK: ab. hueni Prout, one, Bexley, 1905, one, I Herne Bay, 1933. A gynandromorph right side c? labelled “E. Mailing I Research Station. Caught on the sticky band of a fruit tree 8.xi.l943 ! A. M. Massee”. [ First (Published) Record, 1863 : Jenner, Week. Ent., 2 : 198. Though I -doubtless first noticed in the county long before. i| -O. fagata Scharfenberg: boreata Hiibner: Northern Winter Moth. Native. Woods, commons, heaths, orchards; on birch, apple, plum, I cherry. Found in all divisions except 7, 16 (probably present in both), 15. “Common” (V.C.H., 1908). I It appears the species chiefly occurs on birch, and at West Wickham, both Wormald (Ent. Ann., 1869: 140), and Allchin (Ent. week. Int., 8: 4) j record taking it on this. In orchards at East Mailing, the larva is recorded , as having been found on apple and plum (Massee, Rpt. E. Mailing Res. .Stn., 1955: 143). The species is occasionally found in great plenty; thus, Tutt (Ent. Rec., '21 : 139) recorded that on May 30, 1909, between Orpington and Chisle- hurst, the larvae were in “almost incredible” numbers. Fenn. (Diary) states that at Petts Wood on November 12, 1887, the imagines were so numerous on the birches that he could have taken 1000 c? d' had he so wished, but that the 9 9 appeared very scarce. Fenn (Diary) noted a 9 fagata in cop., with a cS O. brumatu at Petts Wood, November 12, 1887. The same observer (Ent. Rec., 1 : 46) records furthermore, that he had often found 9 fagata in cop. with (d brumata and vice versa, and added that the “progeny are not to be distinguished from brumata”. Variation. — The following abs. are in RCK; ab. isaaki Isaak, Bickley, Nov. 1922, W. Rait-Smith; ab. fasciata Peterson, one, Pauls Cray, 1889; ab. fasciata Peterson “on dark ground”, one. West Wickham, 1887; also, an ab. with “dark ground”, one. West Wickham. First Record, 1858: West Wickham (Stainton, Man., 2: 76). Perizoma affinitatuim Stephens: Rivulet. Native. Woods, copses, lanesides; on Melandrium rubrum. The July-August specimens may represent a partial second genera- fion; on the other hand I have not examined any such examples, and the species is sometimes confused with P. alchemillata L. 1. West Wickham, worn 9, May 14, 1860 (H. Tompkins, Diary, as ^‘alchemillaria”). Abbey Wood (V.C.H., 1908). Bostall Heath (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909), may refer to the preceding (C.-H.). Eltham (A. H. Jones, in Wool. Surv., 1909). 3. Bysing Wood, common 1913-14 and 1924-27; Wardwell Wood, common 1920-22 (H. C. Huggins). Bullockstone, two. May 26, 1922 (H. G. Gomm). Clangate Wood, Sturry, May 28 (2), June 1 (2), 2 (3), 3 (3), 1932 (Y\f. E. Busbridge, Diary). Sturry district.— of regular occurrence but never plentiful in my experience in lanes at Broad Oak and in neighbouring woodlands, e.g.. Den Grove, E. Blean, W. Blean, and Kemberland (C.-H.). 4. Deal*, one worn, August 3, 1891 (Fenn, Ent. Rec., 2 ; 204). Ickham, one, c. 1956 (D. G. Marsh). 6a. Darenth, one in Meldola coll. (Woodforde, Entomologist, 54 : 288). Near Upnor; Chattenden Roughs. Uncommon (Chaney, 1884-87). Chatten- den, one taken by J. Ovenden, 1883, in Tutt coll. (Tutt, Young Nat., 11: (82) entomologist’s record, VOL. 84 15/11/72: 37). 7. Boxley, 1953 (A. H. Harbottle). 8. Lady Wood (Knaggs, 1870). Folkestone, 1882 (Salwey, Entomologist,. 15: 197). Reinden Wood, fairly common (Morley, 1931). Coombe Wood, May 29 (1), June 3 (1), 19 (1), 1895, June 6 (3), 15 (1), 1896, June 6, 1897 (1); Poulton, June 15, 1905; Kearsney, one very worn, June 10, 1932 (Stockwell, Diary). Haddling Wood, one, May 24, 1936 (Busbridge, Diary). EwelL Minnis; River; Whitfield (E. & Y., 1949). Dover, one, July 14, 1945, rather worn (B. O. C. Gardiner). Wye Downs (Scott, 1936). Brabourne, larva on M, rubrum (P. Cue). 11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Grove Green, Maidstone, one, 1893, H, Elgar, in Maidstone Mus. (C.-H.), Wateringbury, several in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.); iV.C.H., 1908). Aylesford, three, 1953, two, 1954 (G. A. N. Davis) t 12. Chartham, one, June 16, 1951 (P. B. Wacher). Willesborough, in garden, c. 1953 (P. Cue); one. May 1957 (M. Singleton). West Ashford, May 12 (1), 16 (3), 17 (1 at light), 1960, May 20, 1961 (6) (M. Enfield, M. Singleton and D. Youngs). East Ashford, one in a small wood near the bypass. May 16, 1961 (D. Youngs). Hothfield Common, June 2, 1969 (de Worms, Entomologist, 102: 135). 13. Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan); 1956, 1957, 1958, occasional (L. R. Tesch per C. A. Stace). 14. Tenterden, common (Stainton, Man., 2 : 80); 1960 (C. G. Orpin). Sandhurst, one. May 27, 1940, one, 1945 (G. V. Bull). Variation. — Woodforde (ioc. cit.) states that the Darenth example is referable to ab. turbaria St.; and Tutt Hoc. cit.) remarked that his speci- men which Ovenden took at Chattenden has “the ground colour reddish- brown”. First Record, 1858 : Stainton, Man., 2 : 80. P. alchemillata L.: Sm.all Rivulet. Native. Woods; on Galeopsis tetrahit agg. 1. Bostall Heath, one, August 4, 1865 (Fenn, Diary). West Wickham;. Hartford* (V.C.H., 1908). Eltham, rare (A. H. Jones, in Buckell and Prout, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 68). Chislehurst, one, July 17, 1908, one, July 9, 1924 (S. F. P. Blyth). Orpington, two, 1949 (L. W. Siggs); one, 1961 (F. A. Swain). St Mary Cray, about ten, 1957 (R. G. Chatelain). Bromley, 1961 (2), 1962 (1), 1963 (1), 1964 (3), 1965 (3), (D. R. M. Long). 3. Thornden Wood, July 29, 1865 (Fenn, Diary). Little Hall Wood, one, July 5, 1944 (C.-H.). Blean Woods, one (D. G. Marsh). 4. Ickham, one, 1954 (D. G. Marsh) f. Sandwich Bay, July 24, 1967 (T. W. Harman). 5. Chevening, July 21, 28, 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Halstead (R. E. Framp- ton per S. Wakely). Knockholt (L. T. Ford). Westerham, fairly common, 1935, 1937, 1949 (R. C. Edwards). Andrews Wood, Shoreham, eight, July 15, 1956, several July 5, 1957 (C.-H.). 6. Greenhithe (Earn MS.). Pinden, one, 1949 (E. J. Hare). Eynsford, larvae on G. tetrahit agg., September 14, 1952 (Cox, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1952-53: 87). Wrotham, one, July 20, 1965 (T. Peet). 7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). Hollingbourne, larva (H. C. Huggins). Westwell (Scott, 1936); one, August 9, 1955 (C.-H.); two, I960 LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (83) (M. Enfield). Bearsted, 1949 (G. Law). [Chilham, June 16, 1957 (Grove, Bull. Kent Fid. Cl. 3: 7, may refer to P. affinitatum— C.H.)]. 8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Near Alkham, 1930 (Morley, 1931). Wye* (Scott, 1936). Brook; Elm.sted (Scott, 1950). Whinless Down, 1933 (E. & Y., 1949). Eiham, one, July 4, 1934 <Busbridge, Dairy); one, 1953 (D. G. Marsh). 9. Margate, one on fence, July 17, 1923, in H. G. Gomm coll. (C.-H.). 10. Sevenoaks, July 26, 1919, July 17, 1920 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham, larva on G, tetrahit, September 19, 1945 (Wakely, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1954-55; 14). 11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Wateringbury, one (E. Goodwin MS.); (V.C.H., 1908). Shipborne, one, 1910, in P. A. & D. J. A. Buxton coll. (C.-H.). Aylesford, five, 1951-54 (G. A. N. Davis). Hoads Wood, c. 1953 (P. Cue). Sevenoaks Weald, one at m.v.l., July 3, 1959, five, June 30- August 17, 1960 (E. A. Sadler). 12. Ham Street (Scott, 1936). Long Rope, Orlestone, one, July 27, 1951 (C.-H.). Potters Corner (Scott, 1936). Ashford, c. 1953 (P. Cue). Chart- ham, five (P. B. Wacher). West Ashford, one at light, August 1959, two, 1960, (M. Enfield). Orlestone Woods, July 28, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton). Willesborough, one, 1957 (M. Singleton). 13. Pembury, common (Stainton, Man., 2; 80). Tunbridge Wells, fairly common (Knipe, 1916). Goudhurst, common (W. V. D. Bolt, 1961). 14. Knock Wood, seven, c. 1855 (Beale, Diary). Sandhurst, one at light, 1928 (G. V. Bull). Tenterden, 1960 (C. G. Orpin). 15. Dungeness, July 27, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton); one, July 2, 1968 (R. E. Scott). 16. Folkestone, four at light, 1951 (A. M. Morley). Variation. — One of my Andrews Wood specimens is referable to ab. interrupta Boldt (C.-H.). First Record, 1859: Stainton, loc. cit. P. bifaciata Haworth: imifasciata Haworth; Barred Rivulet. Native. Chalk downs and rough chalky and sandy fields, waste places, etc.; on Bartsia odontites. 1. Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3; 300). Lewisham, 1947 (Stainton, Zoologist, 1915). Lee, 1861 (Fenn., Ent. week. Int., 10: 196). West Wickham, one (Forbes, Entomologist, 8: 41); one, August 1958 (C.-H.). Forest Hill, two, 1861 (McLachlan, Ent. week. Int., 10; 102). Eltham, one at light (A. H. Jones, in Buckell and Prout, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900; 68). Mottingham (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Beckenham {V.C.H., 1908). Keston, 1928 (W. A. Cope, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 96). Sydenham, two larvae, 1934 (Attwood, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1934-35: 44). Petts Wood, 1947 (E. Evans). Orpington, 1954 (L. W. Siggs); three larvae on B. odontites, October 5, 1968 (D. O’Keeffe). Sparrow Common, Crofton, 1965, plenty of larvae on B. odontites, all sizes, October 10, with still more, October 23 (R. G. Chatelain). Bromley, one, August 8, 1966 (D. R. M. Long). 2. Faversham (H. C. Huggins). 3. Herne Bay, on ragwort flowers, September 1867 (Buckmaster, Ent. mon. Mag., 4: 133). Whitstable, one, 1935, two, 1937, one, 1949 (P. F. 1 Harris). 4. Westbere, one, August 3, 1946; Sandwich, a larva on B. odontites. (84) LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT 15/V/72 September 24, 1949, imago emerged August 1951 (C.-H.). Worth, 9 at m.v.L, August 13, 1969 (T. W. Harman). 5. Westerham (R. C. Edwards). Downe, larva on B. odontites, Sep- tember 3, 1955; Biggin Hill, larva on B. odontites, 1956 (C.-H.). Chelsfield, one, August 23, 1951, in A. M. & F. A. Swain coll. (C.-H.). 6. Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Gravesend* (Button, Entomologist, 4: 129, 5 393). Eynsford, not common (S. F. P. Blyth); larvae, 1933 (Wakely, Ptoc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1933-34; 42; idem. Entomologist, 67: 147). Fawkham; Pinden (E. J. Hare). Otford, one flying, July 7, 1956 (A. A. Allen). 6a. Chattenden (Chaney, 1884-87); in one hour’s search, 60-70 larvae, October 11, 1890 (Fenn, Diary). 7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, loc. cit). Sittingbourne (H. C. Huggins). Boxley, one, 1908, in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.). Westwell, larva, Septem- ber 1945 (E. Scott) 8. Near Dover (Stephens, loc. cit). Dover (Curtis, Br. Ent, 623); 1849 (Grant, Zoologist, 2583); annually (E, & Y., 1949). Deal* (E. & Y., 1949). Near Walmer* (Shepherd, Entomologist, 17: 137). Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Folkestone Warren (Morley, 1931). Alkham, larvae, Sep- tember 30 1934 (J. H. B. Lowe); imago taken, August 1936, and a good many larvae taken between 1936 and 1947 (A. M. Morley). Brook, larvae, 1956, 1957 (P. Cue). 10. Near Westerham* (see First Record). 11. Tunbridge Wells district* (M. M. Phipps and R. H. Rattray in Knipe, 1916). Aylesford, August 4 (1), 7 (1) 1955 (G. A. N. Davis). 12. Ham Street, one at m.v.L, July 1951 (C.-H.). Wye, one August 2 1955 (W. L. Rudland). Ashford Town, 1956, in garden (P.Cue), 14. Sandhurst, bred 1943, 1945 (G. V. Bull). 16. Folkestone Town, one, September 1 1949, one, August 20 1951 (Mor- ley, Ent. Rec., 64: 171); 9 August 11 1956, 9, August 21 1957, one, August 9 1959 (A. M. Morley). Morley told me he considered these were strays from the downs (C.-H.). First record, 1809 : Phalaena unifasciata Haw.; “Imago i Aug. syl- vaticis prope Westerham in Cantio” (Haworth, Lep. Britannica, 2 : 335). This is also the original reference to unifasciata. [P. blandiata Denis & Schiffermiiller; Pretty Pinion Questionably Kentish. This is the Phalaena trigonata of Haworth, 1809, who has: “Imago i Aug. Sepibus apud Westerham at rassime.” “Exemplarium solum vide” (Lepi- doptera Britannica, 344). Stephens (Haust, 3 : 299) has : “Found near West- erham”; and Curtis (Br. Ent, 623) : “Beginning of August, Westerham, Kent”. It would be interesting to know if Stephen’s and Curtis’s records were based on Haworth’s sole occurrence, or whether the moth was found on more than one occasion near Westerham. That Haworth’s example was hlandiata I have no doubt, but I do question its origin since Haworth gives no clue to this and he was in the habit of accepting alleged Wester- ham insects from Plasted who was suspect (C.-H.)]. P. albulata Denis & Schiffermuller: Grass Rivulet. Native. Chalk downs, railway banks, wet meadows, etc.; on Rhinan- thus crista-galli. LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (85) I. Grove Park, fifteen, June 13, 1885, one, August 30, 1886 (Fenn, Diary). Lee {V.C.H., 1909). Bexley, abundant, 1900 (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909); (L. T. Ford); by the Cray, a few, June 5, 1921 (Kidner, Diary). Petts Wood, 1951 (A. M. & F. A. Swain). Joydens Wood; West Wickham (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 96). Farningham*, 1954 (A. S. Wheeler). Orpington, one, 1958 (R. G. Chatelain). Bromley, one, June 6, 1960 (D. R. M. Long). 4. Worth, taken by Mr Solly, June [1905] (R. A. Jackson, Diary, 26.1.1906). Marshes near Deal, four, June 12, 1905 (Stockwell, Diary). Deal*, seven, June 17, 1906 (Stockwell, Diary). Sandwich, one, June 4, 1911, in F. A. Small coll. (C.-H.); (E. & Y„ 1949). 5. Chevening, May 25, 1912, May 16, 24, June 1, 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Biggin Hill (E, H. Wild); abundant May 17, 1952, and subsequently; full- grown larvae plentiful in seed-heads of R. crista-galli, July 27, 1971 (C.-H.). 6. Cuxton (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 4: 229). Eynsford (W. A. Cope); (L. T. Ford); (de Worms, loc. cit.). Shoreham (W. A. Cope); (S. F. P. Blyth); several. May 21, 1933 (Kidner, Diary). Fawkham (E. J. Hare). 6a. Chattenden (Chaney, 1884-87). 7. Hills between Sittingbourne and Maidstone, “the fields are full of E. alhulata” (1880) (Green, Young Nat., 1 (34): 267). Hollingbourne (H. C. Huggins). Westwell (Scott, 1936). 8. Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870). Folkestone, “swarmed”, 1881 (Tugwell, Entomologist, 14: 215); 1892 (James, Entomologist, 26: 50); plentiful, June 19, 1910, at the foot of downs (Bell, Ent. Rec., 22 : 175); (A. M. Morley). Dover, 1883 (Coverdale, Entomologist, 16: 220); one. Elms Vale Bank, June 30, 1903, two. Elm Vale Slopes, June 14, 1905 (Stockwell, Diary); one, September 2, 1942, one. May 30, 1946 (B. O. C. Gardiner). Deal*, Ewell Minnis; Whinless Down (E. & Y., 1949). Brook* (C. A. W. Duffield). 10. Seal Chart, one, June 18, 1887 (Fenn, Diary). Sevenoaks, June 7, 1919 (Gillett, Diary). Brasted (R. M. Prideaux). II. Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908). Ightham Mote, (Morgan, Lep. Tun- bridge Wells Dist.). 12. Lenham (H. C. Huggins). 13. Pembury (see First Record). Goudhurst, two, 1955 (W. V. D. Bolt). Bidborough (Morgan, Lep. Tunbridge Wells Dist.). 16. Folkestone, one in m.v. trap, June 1, 1952 (A. M. Morley). First Record, 1859: Pembury, common (Stainton, Man., 2: 81). P. flavofasciata Thunberg: Sandy Carpet. Native. Woods, lanesides, railway banks, etc.; on Melandrium album. 1. Lewisham (see First Record) Noted in many parts of this division since. Recently from: Shooters Hill Golf Course, one, June 11, 1947; Footscray, one, June 15, 1947 (J. F. Burton). Lewisham, on railway banks (D. F. Owen). Petts Wood, one, 1948, one, 1950 (E. Evans). Hartford, very common among campion (B. K. West). Joydens Wood (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 95). Well Shave Wood, West Wickham, larvae in seed-heads of M, album, 1947, imagines reared May 1948; several imagines, June 30, 1954 (C.-H.). Bexley, 1952 (A. Heselden). Abbey Wood, 1953 (A. J. Showier). Blackheath, fairly rare, at street lamps, 1955 (A. A. Allen). Orpington, 1955 (L. W. Siggs). Bromley, two, June 16, 1959, one. June 16, 1965, one, August 15, 1966 (D. R. M. Long). (86) LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT 15/V/72 2. Dartford (B. K. West). 3. Bysing Wood (H. C. Huggins). Clangate Wood, Sturry, May 28 (4), June 1 (4), 2 (1), 3 (1), 1932 (Busbridge, Diary). Ridgeway, July 25, 1933 (A. J. L. Bowes). Broad Oak, several. May 22, 1953 (C.-H.). Eddington,. 9, at light. May 26, 1953 (D. G. Marsh, Diary). 4. Ickham, one, c. 1956 (D. G. Marsh). Sandwich Bay, July 24, 1967 (T. W. Harman). 5. Green Street Green, 1898; Farnborough*, 1904 (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Farnborough* (de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1956: 95). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). Downe (de Worms, loc. cit.). Chelsfield, 1950 (A. M. & F. A. Swain). Andrew’s Wood, Shoreham, July 15, 1956 (C.-H.). 6. Shoreham (Carr, Entomologist, 33: 47). Eynsford (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1891 : 122); (G. V. Bull). Gravesend (H. C. Huggins). Pinden (E. J. Hare). Farningham Road, one, June 26, 1964; Eynsford, one, July 14, 1964 (R. G. Chatelain). 6a. Darenth Wood (Leigh, Week. Ent., 2 : 134); one, June 6, 1925 (F. T. Grant). Cobham, June 4, 1915 (F. T. Grant). 7. Faversham; Sittingbourne (H. C. Huggins). Westwell, June 3, 1950 (E. Scott). 8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Brook* (C. A. W. Duffield); 1954 (P. Cue per E. Scott). Wye* (Scott, 1936). Chilham, June 10, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). Dover, singletons. May 5, 11, 1945 (B. O. C. Gardiner). 9. Margate, common (H. C. Huggins). 10. Brasted, a few in garden (R. M. Prideaux). 11. Tonbridge (Raynor, Entomologist, 6: 74). Wateringbury; Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Edenbridge, 1933 (F. D. Greenwood). Sevenoaks Weald,, one, June 21, 1960 (E. A. Sadler). 12. Kennington (Scott, 1936). Chartham (P. B. Wacher). Willes- borough, two. May 25-30, 1954 (W. L. Rudland); one, 1957 (M. Singleton). West Ashford, common in an alder wood. May 1960 (M. Enfield). 13. Tunbridge Wells (Knipe, 1916). 14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). 16. Near Hythe, common (Morley, 1931). Folkestone, one, June 1951, one. May 28, 1952 (A. M. Morley). First Record, 1861 : Lewisham (Fenn, Diary). P. didymata L.: Twin-spot Carpet. Native. Woods, copses; foodplant unknown. “Locally common” (V.C.H., 1908); to which I should add that in Kent it is mainly if not entirely a woodland species, with seemingly a preference for those woods that contain an abundance of Anemone nemorosa (C.-H.). 1. Dartford Heath ( Jenner, Week. Ent., 2 : 197). Bostall Wood, 1862; Shooters Hill Wood, 1862; Eltham, 1864; Courtfield Wood, Erith, very common. 1884 (Fenn, Lepidoptera Data MS.); “Lee” (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909), may refer. Bexley district, rare (Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Farnborough* (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley (Carr, Entomologist, 32: 40, 34: 108); 1911 (Kidner, Diary); (B. K. West). Sidcup, 1910, 1926 (Kidner, Diary). Chislehurst (S. F. P. Blyth). West Wickham, very common, 1926 (S. Wakely); 1950 (E. E. J. Trundell); plentiful in Well Wood, 1948 and since; plentiful very locally in Spring Park, 1970 (C.-H.). 3. Bysing Wood, common (H. C. Huggins). Den Grove, Sturry, 1939-40, abundant at dusk, July 13, 1941; Broad Oak, 1944 (C.-H.). Oldridge Wood LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (87) (J. A. Parry). Pine Wood, common (D. G. Marsh). 4. Minster, four beaten from bushes, etc., July 9, 1915 (H. G. Gomm, Diary). 5. Chevening, July 12-21, 1913 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). Holwood (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). High Elms, July 26, 1964 (R. G. Chatelain). 6. Shoreham* (Carr, Entomologist, 32: 40). Snodland*, 1908 (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 21 : 32). Birling, 1911; Vigo Hill, 1924; Clay Lane Wood, 1912 (F. T. Grant). Gravesend (H. C. Huggins). Pinden district* (E. J. Hare). 6a. Darenth, 1865 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.); (H. C. Huggins). Chatten- den (FI. C. Huggins). Cobham Wood, 1912 (F. T. Grant). 7. Rochester district* (Chaney, 1884-87). Westwell (Scott, 1936). 8. Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870). Near Nonington, 1912 (J, W. C. Hunt). Reinden Wood, abundant (Morley, 1931). Stowting; Brook*; Wye* (C. A. W. Duffield). Coombe Wood, Dover, one, June 26, 1895 (Stockwell, Diary). Alkham; Poulton; St. Radigund’s; Whitfield (E. & Y., 1949). Elham Park Wood, three. July 6, 1926; Atchester Wood, 1931; Haddling Wood, June 29, 1938 (Busbridge, Diary). 10. Near Westerham*, abundant (Stephens, Haust., 3: 214). Seal Chart, very common, July 20, 1888 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.). Otford, not uncommon in willow plantation, July 7, 1956 (A. A. Allen). 11. Harrietsham, 1840 (Stephens, Entomologist 1 : 200). Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Aylesl'ord (G. A. N. Davis). 12. Ham Street (Scott. 1936). Willesborough, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). Potters Corner, common; West Ashford, common (M. Singleton, M. Enfield, D. Youngs). 13. Tunbridge Wells district (Cox, Entomologist, 4 (62): ii). Tunbridge Wells, 1891 (Beeching, Ent. Rec., 2: 229). 14. Hawkhurst, two, 1952 (B. G. Chatfield). Variation. — The two sexes are quite dissimilar in appearance, and the normal (S and 9 forms occurring in Kent seem to be represented by abs. hrunnescens Lempke and lutescens Prout respectively, and the greyish nymo-typical didymata is apparently absent. The following are in RCK : — ab. flavescens Lempke, 5 9 9< Sevenoaks, 1892, one 9- Dover, 1909; ab. hrunnescens Lempke, 8 cTc?, Sevenoaks, 1892, one (S , Dover, 1909. First Record, 1830: “Kent” (Curtis, Br. Ent., 296). P. sagittata Fabricius: Marsh Carpet. Resident? It is hard to account for the appearance of this moth in the Dover- Folkestone area as there is no knowledge of any Thalictrum sp. there. On the other hand its occurrence near Wye appears significant, since of the few Kentish stations for Thalictrum flavum, several are located there- abouts in the valley of the Stour. Indeed, the possibility that sagittata may still persist there and to have been overlooked seems possible, for it is well known that the species is subject to long periods of decline during which it survives for many years at a low density level. The imago is extraordinarily retiring moreover, and despite its very striking appear- ance, is seldom seen in nature even in its most favoured haunts and during its years of optimum larval abundance. 8. Near Folkestone*, one, taken a year or two previous to 1888 (Mayor, (88) 15/VIII/72 entomologist’s record, VOL. 84 Entomologist, 60: 209). Dover, one “was taken in a back garden of a house in Maison Dieu Road, Dover, by myself in 1888” (Tulloch, Entom- ologist, 60: 163); “one specimen at Dover in 1885, according to Mr Webb” (V.C.H., 1908), probably refers to Tulloch’s capture, despite discrepant dates (C.-H.). 12. Near Wye* (V.C.H., 1908). First Published (A. C.) Record, 1908: Goss, in Victoria County History of Kent, 1 : 192. Eupithecia tenuiata Hiibner: Sallow Pug. Native. Woods, carr; on sallow. I. Shooters Hill (J. W. Tutt, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley district (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bromley, July 28 (1), 30 (1), August 2 (1), 1962; 1964 (8), with max. (3) on July 16; 1965 (1); July 3, 1966 (1) (D. R. M. Long). 3. Wardwell Wood, larva; Bysing Wood, larva (H. C. Huggins). Pine Wood; Hospital Wood; Church Wood, larvae abundant in sallow catkins (J. A. Parry). 4. Ham Fen, one, July 3, 1960 (C.-H.). 6a. North Kent [Chattenden] (Tugwell, Entomologist, 8: 293). Chat- tenden Roughs, rare (Chaney, 1883-87). Cobham. July 14. 1912 (F. T. Grant). 7. Syndale Old Gravel Pit, imago (H. C. Huggins), II. Hoads Wood, one bred, c. 1953 (P. Cue)f. Shipborne, imagines emerged June 1969, from sallow catkins collected in the spring (G. Haggett). 12. Ham Street (Scott, 1936); one, July 2, 1962 (de Worms, Entom- ologist, 96 : 55); one, in Long Rope, July 28, 1962 (C.-H.). 14. Sandhurst, one in my coll, taken by G. V. Bull, June 26, 1946 (C.-H.). 15. Greatstone, two, July 23, 1963 (C.-H. and Wakely, Ent. Rec., 76 : 94). First Record, 1861: Cox, Ent. week. Int., 10: 123. A more reliable record, however, dates from 1875 : Tugwell, loc. cit. E. inturbata Hiibner: Maple Pug. Native. Wood borders, hedges, copses; on maple. 1. Bromley, August 8 (1), 10 (1), 16 (1), 1964, August 13 (1), 15 (1), 17 (1). 18 (1), 19 (1), 24 (1), 1965, August 12 (1), 25 (1), 1966 (D. R. M. Long). 4. Ickham, one, c. 1956 (D. G. Marsh)t. 5. Westerham, several, 1947 (R. C. Edwards)f. High Elms, larva on maple (D. R. M. Long). 6. Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Fawkham, three, July 20, 1947 (G. Law)t- Pinden, one, August 12, 1953 (E. J. Hare)f. Shoreham, two, August 26, 1956 (C.-H.). Farningham, larvae fairly common, 1958 (A. J. Showier). Trottiscliffe (Wakely, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1962: 49). 6a. Chattenden, two larvae. May 25, 1962 (Showier, Ent. Rec., 74: 246). 7. Westwell, two at m.v.L, August 9, 1955 (C.-H.) Note: The record in Scott (1964: 39) that I took larvae at Westwell, August 9, 1953, is mani- festly erroneous (C.-H.). 8. Canterbury*, July 1864 (Piffard, in Ent. Ann., 1865: 113). Wye (C. A. W. Duffield). Crundale, about 50 larvae beaten from maple, May 1947, reared; Bridge, larvae, c. 1947 (J. A. Parry). Ewell Minnis (E. & Y., 1949). LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (89) Brook, one, July 1959 (M. Singleton); a larva, June 3, 1968 (de Worms, Entomologist, 102: 136). Chilham, numerous larvae beaten from maples, May 29, 1971 (R. F. Birchenough, C.-H., P. & C. Renshaw). 11. Aylesford, two, 1955 (G. A. N. Davis)t- 16. Saltwood, six or seven, 1862 (Knaggs, Ent. mon. Mag., 2: 93; Knaggs, 1870); Hythe (V.C.H., 1908), may refer. Sandling Park, about 36, July 27-August 2, 1865. (Knaggs, Ent. mon. Mag., 2 : 93; Knaggs, 1870); Folkesstone (V.C.H., 1908), may refer. West Hythe, one, July 23, 1947 (Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1947-48: 33). Saltwood, two, July 23, 1947, one, July 21, 1949, several larvae. May 22, 1950 (A. M. Morley). First Notice, 1862 : Knaggs, Ent. mon. Mag., 2 : 93. E. haworthiata Doubleday: Haworth’s Pug. Native. Copses, wood-borders, hedges, gardens; on Clematis vitalba. Frequent on the chalk in 5-8, 6a. Note : This species may be readily recognised in the imaginal stage, by the suffused pale reddish patch towards the base of the abdomen. 1. Old Park Wood, 1865; Bostall Wood, 1865; Hartford Heath, 1890 (Fenn, Diary). Forest Hill (Cansdale, Ent. Rec., 2: 69). Westcombe Park, common in gardens (Tutt, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909); (L. T. Ford). Birch Wood (C. Fenn, in Wool Surv., 1909). Sidcup, two, 1910, singletons 1913, 1920, 1922, 1931, larva, Septem- ber 4, 1920 (Kidner, Diary). Dartford (B. K. West). Abbey Wood, 1957 (A. J. Showier). Blackheath, several, at m.v.l., 1959 (A. A. Allen). Orpington, 1956 (Siggs, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1959: 124). Bromley, 1959 (1), 1960 (1), 1961 (2), 1964 (6), 1965 (1), 1966 (1), with earliest date June 26, 1959 and 1960, latest date August 12, 1965, and maximum daily total (2) July 20, 1963 (D. R. M. Long). 2. Cliffe* (VCH., 1908). Dartford (B. K. West). 9. Margate, many from C. vitalba growing in garden, 1932, 1933 (P. F. Harris). 10. Sevenoaks, June 11, 1922 (Gillett, Diary). 12. Ham Street, one at light, July 1951 (C.-H.). Goldwell Quarry, larvae common on C. vitalba, many bred (P. Cue MS.). 13. Tunbridge Wells (E. D. Morgan). 15. Greatstone at m.vl., July 20 (1), 23 (1), 1963 (C.-H. and Wakely, Ent. Rec., 76: 94). Boulderwall, Dungeness, July 1, 1966 (1) (R. E. Scott). 16. Folkestone (A. M. Morley). First Record, 1862: Strood, July 27, 1862 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.). E. plumbeolata Haworth: Lead-coloured Pug. Native. Woods; on Melampyrum pratense. 1. West Wickham, one, June 1, two, June 29, 1861; Lee, June 12, 1861; Browns Woods, one, July 11, 1885 (Fenn, Diary). Bostall Wood, 1862 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.). Hayes, 1901 (Hewitt, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bex- ley, 1926 (L. T. Ford); fairly common (B. K. West). 3. West Blean Wood. June 10, 1865 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.); one. May 29, two, June 2, 1866 (Fenn, Diary). Faversham* (Morris, Br. Moths, 1 : 225). Blean Woods (H. C. Huggins); two, June 11, 1934 (T. G. Edwards, Diary)] many, July 7, 1957 (R. F. Bretherton). Great Hall Wood, one, June 19, 1949; Thornden Wood, three, June 13, 1957; Church Wood, one, (90) entomologist’s record, VOL. 84 15/VIII/72 June 15, 1957 (C.-H.). Thornden Wood, eleven larvae on M. pratense, August 4, 1962 (G. M, Haggett). 6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). 6a. Between Dartford and Darenth Wood (see First Record). Darenth Wood, May 31, 1863, May 20, 1865 (Fenn, Diary)-, common, 1902-1910 (H. C. Huggins). Mark Oak Wood* (Chaney, 1883-87). Chattenden, one, June 18, 1884, three, June 20, 1891 (Fenn, Diary). [Chattenden] (Tugwell, Entomologist, 8: 293); May 27, 1890; June 30, July 5, 1893, “undoubtedly second brood” (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 1: 64, idem, 4: 249); 1908 (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 21 : 31). 8. Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870). Near Swingfield, c5', June 9, 1928 (Morley, 1931). 12. Ham Street, one, June 2, 1956 (R. C. Edwards); July 2, 1962 (de Worms, Entomologist, 96: 55). Aldington, larvae on M. pratense, July 26, 1963, and in 1965 (P. Cue MS.). 14. Tenterden, common (Stainton, Man., 2: 85). First Record, 1831 : “Found the end of May and beginning of June in abundance in the lanes leading from Dartford to Darenth-wood” (Stephens, Haust., 3 : 287). E. abietaria Goeze: pini Retz. nec L.: togata Hubner: Cloaked Pug. Suspected importation. Ornamental gardens. 1. Lee, 1861 (see First Record). Bexley District (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). 6. Rosherville Gardens. Gravesend, one (in 1871) (Button. Entom- ologist, 5 : 393). 7. Sharsted, one, in 1925 or 1926 (H. C. Huggins). [11. Marden (Morris, British Moths, 1 : 246). This is the basis for its inclusion in Knipe (1916); however, it is questionable whether this record refers to Kent as there is also a Marden in Herefordshire and a Marden in Wiltshire (C.-H.).] First Record, 1861 : At Lee in 1861, “we were surprised to take a splendid specimen of this insect in Burnt-Ash Lane, on the 18th of June, mothing” (C. & J. Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 10: 196). E. linariata Denis & Schiffermuller: Toadflax Pug. Native. Waysides, railway banks, waste places, etc.; on Linaria vulgaris, “Antirrhinum”. Locally numerous and recorded from all divi- sions (except 4, 10, 16), but doubtless overlooked and likely to occur wherever L. vulgaris grows in any plenty. The moth appears on the wing in June and early July, with appar- ently a second generation in late August and September. As might be expected from its name, the normal foodplant is Toad- flax (L. vulgaris), and there are many records of the larva on this in Kent; indeed, the species is most easily obtained by collecting the seed- heads into a bag in September and examining them a few days later for larvae. In addition to L. vulgaris, Cbaney (1883-87) states that in the Rochester district it has occurred at New Brompton on Antirrhinum — presumably the introduced A. majus commonly found in gardens (C.-H.). Variation. — In RCK is ab. nigrofesciata Dietze, one, bred Bexley. June 1905. First (Published) Record, 1825: Castle Hill, Dover, 1820 (Curtis, Br, Ent., 64). LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (91) E. pulcliellata Stephens: Foxglove Pug. Native. Woods, shingle beach, waste places, etc.; on Digitalis purpurea. Frequent and recorded from all divisions, except 2 and 4. The moth is univoltine it seems, appearing on the Vv^ing from late May to early August. In 1921, however, H. G. Gomm (Diary) found one at rest on a wall at Margate on May 7, an exceptionally early date; and in 1907, A. R. Kidner (Diary) records taking one at Blackheath on September 9. perhaps a second generation example. The species is especially plentiful at Dungeness, more so there it seems than anywhere else in the county. On June 1, 1952, I counted some eighty specimens there resting on the leeward side of a black hut (C.-H.); on June 7, 1950, there were 76 inside a derelict house (E. C. Pelham- Clinton); and on June 11, 1932, de Worms (Entomologist, SB : 50) saw the moth in “swarms . . . flying round sallow bushes”. Wakely (Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1955 : 78) records the larvae as plentiful at Dungeness in flowers of D. purpurea on July 9 1955; and A. J. L. Bowes ' Diary) found the larvae abundantly there on this in August 1934. Variation. — The following abs. are in R.C.K. : — guttata Cockayne. I holotype, Lydd, August 3, 1937 (cf. Ent. Rec., 65: 167); reducta Bastelb., one, bred Kent, May 10, 1940, E. A. Cockayne; ab. “dull ochreous”, bred Kent, May 18, 1940, E. A. Cockayne. First Record, 1831: Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 280). E. irriguata Hiibner: Marbled Pug. Resident, now long extinct. Woods [on oak]. 1. Birch Wood, rare (Stephens, Haust., 3: 290); larva found September 1841, imago bred April 29, 1842 (Douglas, Entomologist, 1 : 358). 6a. Darenth Wood, rare (Stephens, loc. cit.). [8. Dover, in “woods” (Webb, 1891; Webb, 1899). Wanting confirmation 'C.-H.).]. [13. Tunbridge Wells* (M. M. Phipps in Knipe, 1916). Wanting confir- mation (C.-H.).l. First Record, 1831: Eupithecia variegata (Stephens, loc. cit.). E. exiguata Hiibner: Mottled Pug. Native. .Woods, hedgerows, bushy places; on hav^/thorn, oak. 1. West Wickham, three. May 1859 (Allchin, Ent. week Int., 8: 4); common, June 1, 1861 (Fenn, Diary); May 22, 1949, June 2, 1954, 1957 'C.-H.). Lewisham, May 21, 1861; Blackheath Park June 4, 1861, very common; Courtfleet Wood, Erith, June 13, 1884 (Fenn, Diary). Lee I V.C.H., 1908). Kidbrook; Bexley; Eltham (Wool. Surv., 1909). Forest Hill (Cansdale. Ent Rec., 2 : 69). Petts Wood, 1950 (E. Evans); frequently (A. M. & F. A. Swain). Orpington, one, June 1958 (R. G. Chatelam). 2. Gravesend; Faversham (H. C. Huggins). 3. Broad Oak, May 22, 24. 1939, June 5, 1944 (C.-H.). 5. Farnborough*, com.mon (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Chels- neid, one. May 24, 1950 (A. M. & F. A. Swain). High Elms, larva on hawthorn (D. R. M. Long). 6. Fawkham Green, larva October 1930, imago emerged May 1931; Ridley, larva. October 11, 1931, imago emerged May 1932 (A. R, Kidner, Diary). (92) entomologist’s record, VOL. 85 15/III/7S 6a. Darenth, larvae found feeding on oak (Machin, Entomologist, 4 : 128). Chattenden (Chaney, 1884-87); June 4, 1892 (Fenn, Diary). Graves- end district* (H. C. Huggins). 7. Wigmore Wood (Chaney, 1884-87). Westwell, common (Scott, 1936; Scott, 1950). 8. Wye*; Brook* (Scott, 1950). Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870). Dover district, “common in the woodlands” (E. & Y., 1949). Dover, a few (B. O. Gardiner). 9. Thanet (H. C. Huggins). Birchington, June 10, 1952 (W. D. Bowden). 11. Hoads Wood, larva on hawthorn (Cue MS). 12. Flam Street (G. V. Bull); in Orlestone Woods, April 10, 24, 1939 (C.-H.); in Orlestone Woods, June 2, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton). Kingsnorth (Scott, 1936). Ashford (P. Cue). Thanington, one, June 1, 1950 (R. Chees- man)f. West Ashford, one, May 10, 1960, one. May 25, 1960 (M. Enfield). Willesborough, one, 1959 (D. Youngs); one May 1960, one. June 1960 one, June 1961 (M. Singleton). Ashford, a larva, imago reared April 1961 (M. Singleton). 13. Tunbridge Wells* (Knipe, 1916). Goudhurst, one, 1959 (W. V. D Bolt). 14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). 16. Folkestone, one or two (A. M. Morley). First Record, 1860: West Wickham (Allchin, Ent. week. Int., 8: 4). E. insigniata Hiibner: consignata Borkhausen; Pinion-spotted Pug. Resident, perhaps native. Old apple orchards; [on apple]. The species is widely distributed in Kent, but appears to be mainly Wealden and very scarce. According to Barrett (Lcp. Br. Isles, 9: 35). its apparent rarity in Britain “doubtless arises from its habit of keeping about the tops of the apple-trees.” 1. Near Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust, 3: 290). 8. Wye, one, bred 1906, in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.). 10. Otford, one imago taken off an apple tree at the Bull Inn (L. W. Newman teste W. A. Cope), nine in R. C. K. bred, Otford, May 1909, L W. Newman (C.-H.). 11 Tonbridge, one April 23, 1871 (Raynor, Entomologist, 6: 79). 12. Ashford district, exhibited (Chittenden, Proc, S. Lond. nat. Hist Soc., 1899: 107). “Mid. Kent” [?Ashford district], c? and 9 taken by G. H. Heath, May 13, 1913 (Heath, Trans. Cy Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc-. 1912-13: 35). Willesborough, one in m.v.I. trap. May 22, 1955 (W. L. Rud- land). Ashford Town, in garden, at m.v.I., two fresh, May 12, 1954, one worn, June 11, 1956, one. May 8, 1958, one. May 9, 1961 (Cue MS.^ Cue. Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1954-55: 23). 13. Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2 : 84). 14. Sandhurst, one. May 25, 1929, one. May 15, 1932, one May 16, 1932. one, May 14, 1939 — all at light (G. V. Bull; Bull, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1935-36: 39). Wittersham, one taken by R. C. Tuely (Tweedie, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1962: 48). First Record, 1831: Taken “near Birch-wood” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 290). LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (93) E. valerianata Hiibner; Valerian Pug Native. Damp woods; on Valeriana officinalis. [6. Rochester district*, 1905, “in breeding cage’’ (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 18: 18).] 11. “Benenden 5.8.1946 G. V. Bull”, one so-labelled in my coll. (C.-H.), Hoads Wood, about 12 larvae on flower heads of V officinalis, July 22 and August 2, 1958, from which I bred a single imago May 15, 1958, also an Apanteles sp. parasite (C.-H.); larvae. July 1960 (Cue MS.). 12. Ham Street, one in RCK labelled: “Ham Street, bred 1950, G. Haggett” (C.-H.). First (Confirmed) Record, 1946: G. V. Bull. [(E. pygmaeata Hiibner: Marsh Pug Records almost certainly based on misidentification. 5. Chevening, May 3, 1912 (Gillett, Diary); in light trap, one, May 20. 1914, by F. Gillett (Prideaux, Entomologist, 47: 228).)] E. venosata Fabricius: Netted Pug. Native. Chalk downs and rough chalky places, Kentish rag quarries, etc.; on Silene cucubalus. 1. [West Wickham], 1861 (Huckett, Ent. week. Int., 10: 115). West Wickham, larvae on S. cucubalus, 1947, imagines reared (C.-H.); 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell). Erith (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley district (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Wilmington (L. T. Ford). Orping- ton, 1954 (L. W. Siggs). 2. Dartford Marshes, one, June 17, 1962, three at bladder campion flowers. May 27, 1964 (B. K. West). 3. Oldridge Wood, larvae (J. A. Parry). 5. Farnborough* (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Chevening, larva 1911; June 8, 1912; May 21, June 6, 1914 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). Lullingstone (D. R. M. Long). 6. Greenhithe (Earn MS.). Otford (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1902; 50). Gravesend, on fences, one. May 24, 1912, one June 11, 1915 (F. T. Grant); (H. C. Huggins). Swanley, 1917 (Colthrup, Ent. Rec., 30: 73). Shoreham (S. F. P. Blyth). Longfield, a few larvae, July 5, 1931 (Kidner, Diary), Eynsford (Jacobs, Proc. S. Lond. ent. Hist. Soc., 1932-33: 89). Pinden; Horton Kirby (E. J. Hare). Otford and Farn- ingham, larvae, July 6, 1958 (A. J. Showier) 6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 290); larva, July 12, 1903 (Kidner, Diary); (S. F. P. Blyth). Cobham Great Wood, one. May 23. 1868 (J. J. Walker MS.). 7. Faversham (see First Record). Darland Hill (Chaney, 1884-87). Westwell (Scott, 1936). 8. Folkestone Warren, larvae on E. cucubalus (Knaggs, 1870). Dover Cliffs, June 24, 1932; Ewell Minnis, June 5, 1933 (J. H. B. Lowe). Wye (Scott, 1936). Brook (C. A. W. Duffield). Adisham, larvae on S', cucu- balus, 1947 (C.-H.). Deal*, two, August 18. 1899 (H. D. Stockwell, Diary), Dover, one, 1945 (B. O. C. Gardiner). 11. Tonbridge (Raynor, Entomologist, 6 : 79). Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908). 12. Great Chart, one, June 23, 1956, in Goldwell Quarry (C.-H.). (94) entomologist’s record, VOL. 85 15/III/73 First Record, 1799 : Phalaena decussata . . . “taken at Faversham by Mr Crewe” (Donovan, Nat. Hist. Br. Ins., 8: 38). E. centaureata Denis & Schiffermuller: Lime-speck Pug. Native. Saltmarshes, woods, gardens, shingle beach, waste ground, etc.; on Senecio jacobaea, Polygonum aviculare, Aster tripolium, Pim- pinella major, Knautia arvensis, Peucedanum officinale, dahlia. Fre- quent and recorded from all divisions except 7 (probably occurs). “Generally common” (V.C.H. 1908). The larva appears to be a fairly general feeder on the flowers of both cultivated and wild plants. It has been recorded as having been found on Senecio at Dungeness, September 24, 1955 (E, C. Pelham-Clinton); on S. jacobaea at Chatham (Mathew, Entomologist, 23: 347); on Knautia arvensis at Shoreham, and on dahlia at Littlestone (D. R. M. Long). J. W. C. Hunt found it on “Scabious” [K. arvensisj at the North Foreland; Edelsten (Entomologist, 78: 192) recorded finding it in numbers in the Faversham district on Peucedanum officinale; and I have taken it on, and in each case reared it from. Polygonum aviculare, Sharnal Street, August 30, 1964, bred May 1965, on Aster tripolium, Seasalter, September 13, 1964, bred June 22, 1965, and on Pimpinella major. High Halstow. October 20, 1968, bred June 1969 (C.-H.). The moth is apparently bivoltine, first appearing on the wing in May (usually during the latter half) and continuing throughout June to about mid-July with what may be a partial second generation in August and September. D. R. M. Long’s earliest date at Bromley is May 13, 1961, his latest there September 22, 1965, with maximum daily total six on June 22, 1961. H. G. Gomm (Diary) records taking an Lmago in 1921 at Sarre on May 2, and in 1953, W. L. Rudland took one at m.v. light as late as October 3. Variation. — The following aberrations are in RCK. — centralisata Stgr., one, Bickley, August 22, 1911, W. Rait-Smith; obscura Dietze, one, Lewisham, 1901; ab. having “median shade developed”, one, Greenwich, September 1890. First Record, 1858 : Folkestone (Tompkins, Diary). E. trisignaria Herrich-Schaffer: Triple-spotted Pug. Native. Woods, wet copses; on Angelica sylvestris, Pastinaca sativa. 3. Blean, one or two larvae on A. sylvestris, imago reared (H. C. Huggins). 5. Andrews Wood, Shoreham, one, July 15, 1956 (C.-H.). 6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.), Otford* (V.C.H. , 1908). 8. Wye district*, larvae plentiful on P. sativa (Reid, Ent. Rec., 20 : 13). 10. Sevenoaks* (V.C.H., 1908), 12. Brook (C. A. W. Duffield, in Scott, 1950); larvae on A. sylvestris, 1958 and 1959, an imago bred (Cue MS.). First (Published) Record, 1908: Kent [Wye district], September 1907, larvae “plentiful, though local, on Pastinaca sativa” (Reid, Ent. Rec., 20 : 13). Prout (Entomologist, 41 : 54) refers to P. C. Reid (in litt., 21. ix. 1907) as having noticed that trisignaria “were on the larger and more rampant plants along the edges of and just inside a copse.” LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (95) E. intricata Zetterstsdt ssp. arceuthata Freyer: Freyer’s Pug. Resident. Gardens; foodplant unknown. The species first appeared in Kent in 1951, since when it has occurred regularly in a number of localities and may be increasing its distribution yet. I. Petts Wood, two, June 21, 1951, one. May 21, one. May 25, one, June 12, 1952 in A. M. & F. A. Swain coll. (C.-H.). West Wickham, three at rn.v.L, May 25, 1952 (Chalmers-Hunt, Entomologist, 86: 55); one on fence. May 1953, one on fence, June 7, 1957, three in m.v. trap, June 10-13, 1963, one in m.v. trap, July 7, 1971 (C.-H.). Orpington, one, July 1955, one, June 1957, two, June 1958 (R. G. Chatelain). Bromley, in m.v. trap, June 22. 1963 (1), June 9 (1), 21 (1) 1966 (D. R. M. Long). 5. Westerham, two, July 3, 1951 (R. C. Edwards)t. II. Aylesford, three, 1955, one, 1956, two, 1957 (G. A. N. Davis); are all in my coll. (C.-H.). 12. Asihford Town, in garden, one, June 25, 1955, one, June 1956, four, 1957, one, 1958, one, 1959, two, 1962, one, 1963 (Cue MS.). West Ashford, five at light, June 1960, one at light, June 1961 (M. Enfield)! Wilkes- borough, one at light* July 1961 (M. Singleton)!. 13. Tunbridge Wells, two, c. 1955 (L. R. Tesch)!. 14. Goudhurst, one, 1958 (W. V. D. Bolt)!. 14. Goudhurst, one, 1958 (W. V. D. Bolt)!. 16. Folkestone, five in m.v. trap, June 22-August 16. 1956, one, 1959 (A. M. Morley). First (Published) Record, 1953: West Wickham (Chalmers-Hunt. Entomologist, 86 : 55). E. satyrata Htibner; Satyr Pug. Native. Chalk downs, open woods; on Succisa pratensis. 1. Chislehurst, May 24, 1890 (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 1 : 64). Eltham (A. H. Jones, in Wool. Surv., 1909). West Wickham, June 10, 1950 (R. F. Birch- enough); 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell); one, June 19, 1963, one, July 4, 1971, both in m.v. trap (C.-H.). Sparrow Common, Crofton, larva on flower-head of S. pratensis taken by F. A. Swain, 1948, imago reared June 2, 1949, speci- men in A. M. & F. A. Swain coll. (C.-H.); six larvae on flowers of S. pratensis, August 9, 1963, from which three imagines reared (F. A. Swain); four imagines, June 6, 1963 (C.-H.). Bromley, one at light, July 1, 1963 (D. R. M. Long). 5. Farnborough* (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Chevening, May 18. 29, 31, June 3, 1914, two. May 30, 1918 (Gillett, Diary). Halstead (R. E. Frampton teste S. Wakely). Biggin Hill, three. May 17, 1952, two. May 20, 1953 (C.-H.); swarmed at dusk, June 4, 1954, 19 taken, but could have taken many more (R. F. Birchenough). 6. Sevenoaks*, 1885, H. Vaughan, two, in BMNH (C.-H.). Shoreham* May 26, 1890 (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 1 : 294). Strood*, larvae, 1904 (Ovenden Ent. Rec., 10: 294). Cuxton, June 5, 1908 (Ent. Rec., 21: 32). Birling Downs, June 15, 1912, May 29, 1915 (F. T. Grant). 6a. Chattenden, five, June 18, 1884; June 8, 1889 (Fenn, Diary); eight bred, 1885 in R.C.K. (C.-H.); June 14, 1913 (F. T. Grant). Chattenden (Tutt. Ent. Rec., 4: 229, 249). Cobham Woods, June 8, 1912 (F. T. Grant). (96) entomologist’s record, VOL. 84 15/V/73 7. Westwell, 1907, 1908, in R.C.K. (C.-H.). Chatham*, one, 1908, W. Crocker, in R.C.K. (C-H.). 8. Folkestone (see First Record); three in BMNH, Folkestone, 1879, W. Purdey (C.-H.). Brook (C. A. W. Duffield teste Scott, 1964). Variation. — In R.C.K. are ab. caeca Dietze, one. North Kent, 1918, L. W. Newman; ab. limhopunctata Dietze, two, Westwell, bred June 1907, L. B. Prout. First (Published) Record, 1880: Folkestone (Ullyett, Rambles of a Naturalist Round Folkestone, 146). E. absinthiata Clerck: Wormwood Pug. Native. Woods, gardens, waste places, etc.; on Senecio jacobaea, Soli- dago virgaurea, S. canadensis, Artemisia vulgaris, Achillea millefolium, Aster tripolium. Frequent and recorded from all divisions, except 4 (probably present). “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908). The principal foodplant in Kent seems to be S. jacobaea. I have taken numerous larvae on this at Dungeness, and there are many records of the finding of the larva on this plant at other localities in the county. I have also found the larva on S. canadensis in my garden at West Wickham; on A. vulgaris at Vauxhall near Canterbury; in numbers on S. virgaurea in Blean Woods; on A. millefolium at Ramsgate, and in each case reared them (C.-H.). Mathew (Entomologist, 25: 292) records finding the larvae at Chatham on A. tripolium. The moth appears to be regularly bivoltine, the first generation appear- ing on the wing in late May and June and again in late July and August, sometimes continuing into September. Variation. — There is considerable variation in the degree of subterminal pale spotting ranging from a continuous row in which they are joined to form a line, to occasional total obsolescence except for the pale posterior spot whidh is never absent in my experience. There is also much variation in size, one that I bred from a larva on A. millefolium from Ramsgate being exceptionally large with alar expanse 27mm. As regards ground colour, a specimen in my coll, labelled “Tunbridge Wells, ll.viii.l914” is pale whitish ochreous; and another which I took at Hailing, June 29, 1958, is by contrast greyish purple-brown (C.-H.). First Record, 1858: Folkestone, between July 24 and August 1, 1858 (H. Tompkins, Diary). E. goosensiata Mabille: Ling Pug. Native. Heaths; on Calluna vulgaris. I. West Wickham (see First Record); four, June 1859 (Alldhin, Ent. week. Int, 8: 4). Bostall Heath, July 17, 22, 1865, worn, August 4, 1866 (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.) St. Pauls Cray Common (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Chislehurst, several, 1891, in R.C.K. (C.-H.); one, August 8, 1906, four, August 4, 1909 (S. F. P. Blyth) Bexley district (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Dartford (V.C.H., 1908). Hayes Common, larvae abundant, October 8, 1919, September 29, 1920 (Kidner, Diary). Abbey Wood, one, July 15, 1952 det. D. S. Fletcher (A. J. Showier). 6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). 8. Kingsdown district (Shepherd, Entomologist, 17: 137). II. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (97) 12. Ham Street, one, August 5, 1936, taken by A. M. Morley (Scott, 1950). Hothfield, one larva on C. vulgaris, September 9, 1961, reared June 16, 1962 (C.-H.).; three larvae August and September 1961, reared 1963 (Cue MS.). 13. Tunbridge Wells (Knipe, 1916). First Record, 1858: West Wickham (Stainton, Man., 2: 89). E. assimilata Doubleday: Currant Pug. Resident, perhaps native. Gardens, hop-fields; on Ribes nigrum, Humulus lupus, probably also on R. rubrum agg. Note : In the past, the larva was often troublesome in Kentish hop- gardens where it destroyed the growing tips of shoots. However, it appears that nowadays owing to modern methods, assimilata is less fre- quent in hop-gardens. 1. Buckle & Prout iTrans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 70) state that in the London area [in metropolitan Kent] it is “generally common in gardens on red currant and hop”. Beckenham, 1863 (Leigh, Week. Ent., 2 : 118). Chislehurst (Cockerell, Entomologist, 18: 20). Sydenham, common c. 1888 (Sellon, Ent. Rec., 2: 164). Greenwich, on black currant (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 199). Westcombe Park (J. W. Tutt, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Black- heath; Lee (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley district (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Eltham (V.C.H., 1908). Sidcup, larva, September 10, 1925; twelve larvae on currant, September 1936; larvae, September 26, 1937 (Kidner, Diary). Orpington 1957 (L. W. Siggs); three, August 1958 (R. G. Chatelain). Bexley (L. T. Ford). Petts Wood, one, June 9, 1937, in A. M. &c F. A. Swain coll. (C.-H.). Blackheath, apparently rare (A. A. Allen). Abbey Wood, one, August 21, 1952, det. D. S. Fletcher (A. J. Showier). West Wickham, one. May 25, 1952, gen. det. D. S. Fletcher (C.-H.); August 2(1), 8(2), 24(1) 1963 (R. F. Birchenough). Bromley, larva on R. nigrum (D. R. M. Long). 2. Sheppey, one, July 10, 1869 (Walker MS.). Near Upnor*, not common. May, August (Chaney, 1884-87). 3. Whitstable, one, 1948, one, 1949 (P. F. Harris)t. 5. Farnborough* (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). Downe (R. F. Birchenough, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1357: 139). 6. Greenhithei (Farn MS.). Gravesend (H. C. Huggins). 6a. Cobham, one. May 19, 1912 (F. T. Grant). 7. Sittingbourne (H. C. Huggins). 8. Dover (E. & Y., 1949). 9. Margate, one, August 30, 1950 (W. D. Bowden)f. 10. Sevenoaks, July 29, 1920, June 1, August 21, 1922 (Gillett, Diary). 11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Aylesford, two, 1955, gen. det. D. S. Fletcher (G. A. N. Davis). 12. Ashford, one. in garden, c.1953 (P. Cue). West Ashford (M. Enfield). Willesborough, one, 1959 (D. Youngs). 13. Tunbridge Wells (Knipe, 1916). Goudhurst, one, 1957 (W. V. D. Bolt)t. 14. Sandhurst, one, August 1, 1939, one. May 30, one bred, August 1, 1948 (G. V. Bull); now in my coll. (C.-H.). Appledore (P. Cue MS.). 16. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Folkestone Town (A. M. Morley). (98) entomologist’s record, VOL. 84 15/V/73 Variation. — In R.C.K. is a “dark brown ground” ab., two. North Kent 1924, L. W. Newman. First Record, 1863: Beckenham (Leigh, Week. Ent., 2: 118). E. expallidata Doubleday: Bleached Pug. Native. Woods; on Solidago virgaurea. I. Plumstead (Clark, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist Soc., 1900: 69) Farningham Wood, several larvae, September 29, 1929, larvae fairly plenti- ful as follows: September 25, 1930, September 19, 1931, September 27, 1932, September 30, 1933 (Kidner, Diary). 3. Blean, larva and imago (H. C. Huggins); (L. T. Ford). Thornden Wood, swept one larva from S. virgaurea in a clearing among many larvae of E. simulata, September 20, 1953, reared August 25, 1954 (C.-H.). Canterbury (J. A. Parry). Littlebourne, one, August 8, 1955 (P. B. Wacher). East Blean, larva on S. virgaurea seedheads, October 29, 1967 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 80: 127). 6. Greenhithe (Farn MS.). Shoreham, several, 1948 (H. E. Hammond). 6a. Darenth Wood, two, August 8, 1861, amongst ragwort (Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 10: 196); two larvae, September 28, 1932 (Kidner, Diary). “Kent" [Darenth Wood?]* (Allchin, Ent. week. Int., 8: 4); (Crewe, Ent. Ann., 1862 48). 8. Folkestone Warren, one (Knaggs, 1870). Covert Wood, larva (H. C Huggins). 10. Sevenoaks, August 13, 1920 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham, larvae (Ennis, Proc S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1932-33: 105); (S. F. P. Blyth). Seal Chart (S. F. P. Blyth). II. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Headcorn, three imagines at rest one night on golden rod flowers, c. 1935 (W. A. Cope). Wateringbury, one. 1910, two bred 1911, in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.). Hoads Wood, one, c. 1953 (P. Cue). Sevenoaks Weald, one, August 17, 1960, at m.v,l. (E Sadler). 12. Ham Street, a few flying, August 22, 1932 (de Worms, Entomologist 66: 106); sometimes common (Scott, 1936); one, August 27, 1954 (P. B. Wacher); September 15, 1950 (R. C. Edwards); larvae in Orlestone Woods. September 29, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton); an imago taken, Orlestone Woods, September 8, 1962 (M. Singleton); August 14, 1965 (D. W. H. ffennell). 13. Goudhurst, two ,19601 (W. V. D. Bolt). 16. Folkestone, one on fence in garden, August 18, 1957 (A. M. Mor- ley). First Record, 1860 : “Eupithecia pallidaria ... I possess specimens of this insect bred from larvae found in Kent, by Mr Gorham, on Solidago virgaurea” (M’Lachlan, Zoologist, 6944). Alternatively, we may cite for the same date: Allchin, Ent. week. Int., 8:4. E. vulgata Haworth: Common! Pug. Native. Gardens, woods, etc.; on hawthorn, yarrow, Solidago virgaurea, Heraclium sphondylium. Frequent and recorded from all divisions except 4 and 7, but is doubtless present in both. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908). LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (99) The moth which seems to be chiefly a garden insect, often occurs at light and is occasionally found at rest on fences. Although the various published local lists refer to it as being common to abundant, it is ap- aparently seldom observed in large numbers. A. R. Kidner (Diary) states that at Sidcup at the end of May 1910, it “swarmed at light etc.’’ but this seems to have been exceptional, and there are indications that the species has become generally less numerous since. A. M. Morley (in litt., 16.xii.l959) says that lin the Folkestone area although he has noted it annually there since 1925, he has never seen many in a year, the most he has had in one season being 15 and the most in one night 4. More recently and from the opposite side of the county, we have D. R. M. Long’s m.v. trap counts from his garden at Bromley as follows: 1959 (7), 1960 (7), 1961 (14), 1962 (13), 1963 (9), 1964 (24), 1965 (10), 1966 (14), with earliest recorded appearance on April 18, 1961 and latest July 25, 1962. D. R. M. Long records finding the larva on H. sphondylium and yarrow at Bromley, on S. virgaurea at Ham Street, and on hawthorn at Shore- ham. Variation. — I have specimens approximating to ab. atropicta Dietze from West Wickham where this appears to be the prevalent form (C.-H.) In RCK is an ab. with ‘pale median area’’, one, Bexley, June 1907. First Record, 1858 : Tenterden, common (Stainton, Man., 2 : 89). E. tripunctaria Herrich-Schaffer: albipunctata Haworth: White-spotted Pug. Native. Woods, wet places; on Angelica sylvestris, Pastinaca saliva. Obs. — Hammond & Smith (Ent. Gaz., 8: 188) record Litomastix sp. bred from a larvae of E. tripunctaria found on wild parsnip, Folkstone, 1951. I. Lee, August 23, September 5, 1862, August 26, 1864, August 14, 1885, September 15, 1891 (Fenn, Diary); Halfway Street (Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909), may refer. Eltham (V.C.H. 1908). Farnborough, 1890 (H. Alderson, in Wool Surv., 1909). Petts Wood, larvae common on A. sylvestris (S. F. P. Blyth); two or three imagines (E. Evans). Sidcup, August 3, 1911, May 19, 1912, June 21, 1921, July 16, 1936 (Kidner, Diary). Bexley (L. T. Ford). Crofton, larvae numerous from mid-September to mid-October 1963 in umbels of A. sylvestris, moths reared 1964; two moths beaten out of rough herbage, April 29, (1965) (F. A. & Swain). Bromley, 1960 (2), 1961 (1), 1963 (4), 1964 (5), '1965 (4), 1966 (1), with earliest date May 13, 1964, latest date August 28, 1965 and maximum daily total (2) August 2, 1964 iD. R. M. Long). West Wickham, occasionally at light (C.-H.). 3. Blean, larva (H. C. Huggins). Whitstable, one or two annually (P. F. Harris). Broad Oak, one, August 5, 1951, one, August 13, 1955 (C.-H.). 5. Chevening, August 12. 1913 (Gillett, Diary). Westerham (R, C, Edwards). 6. Birling Downs (F. T. Grant). 7. Westwell (Scott, 1950). 8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Ewell Minnis; St. Radigund’s: Bett- shanger; Eastry; Whitfield (E. & Y., 1949). 10. Sevenoaks, August 19, 1922 (Gillett, Diary). II. Mid Kent [Wateringbury]*, one bred July 1910, in E. Goodwin coll. (C.-H.). (100) LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT 15/VI/75 12. Kingsnorth; Little Chart (Scott, 1936). Ham Street, larvae, August 30, 1947 (H. King); 1954 (E. J. Hare). Brook (C. A. W. Duffield); about 40 larvae on A. sylvestris, September 9, 1961, many of which parasitized (G. M. Haggett and C.-H.). Ashford, larva in garden on A. sylvestris (P Cue MS.). Chartham, one, August 15, 1954, one, August 16, 1955 (P. B. Wacher). Wye, one August 7, 1953, two, August 11, 1956 (W. L. Rud- land). 13. Tunbridge Wells (Moore, Entomologist, 5: 31). Penshurst (R. E. E, Frampton teste S. Wakely). 14. Sandhurst, at light (G. V. Bull). 16. Folkestone (Morley, 1931); not rare in the town (A. M. Morley). First Record, 1862 : “I have taken it (the larva) in Kent” (Crewe, Ent. Ann., 1862: 39). E. denotata Hiibner: Campanula Pug. Native. Woods, field borders, hedgebanks; on Campanula trachelium 2. Stone*, three, “Stone, Kent, 9.1895”, in my coll. (C.-H.). [Sheppey. one, April (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 9: 163), would appear to be er- roneous (C.-H.)] 5. Mildmay Forest, Shoreham, four ova and one larva on C. trachelium August 5, 1962 (D. R. M. Long). 6. Kemsing (Carrington, Entomologist, 13: 77). Greenhithe (Farm MS.) Wrotham, larvae, August 1947 and 1950 (W. A. Cope); several hundred larvae in seed-heads of C. trachelium, September 20, 1953 (C.-H.). Trot- tiscliffe, August 25, 1962, small larvae on C. trachelium (Massee, Proc. S. Lond. Ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1962: 100). 6a. Darenth Wood, larva, September 22, 1888 (Fenn, Diary). 7. Wigmore Wood, rare (Chaney, 1884-87). Westwell, one bred, July 17, 1907, J. E. Gardner, in BMNH (C.-H.); (Scott, 1936); larvae, 1961 (P, Cue). 8. Folkestone Warren, the “larva feeds in Canterbury Bell” (Knaggs, 1870). Betteshanger (Webb, 1891). Folkestone, five, bred 1905, in BMNH (C.-H.). Lower Hardres, larvae 1952, reared June 4-6, 1953 (D. G. Marsh) First Record, 1870: Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, loc cit.) E. subfuscata Haworth: castigata Hiibner: Grey Pug. Native. Woods, gardens, waste places, etc.; on Senecio jacobaea. Soli- dago virgaurea, Galeopsis tetrahit. Frequent and recorded from all divisions except 15 (probably occurs). Gillett (Diary) and S. F. P. Blyth took the larva on S. jacobaea at Chevening and Chislehurst respectively and reared them; Jacobs (Proc S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1954-55: 95) records the larva at Westerham on G. tetrahit; and at West Blean Wood, on September 20, 1953, I swept many Eupithecia larvae from S. virgaurea, most of which were E. sub- fuscata and reared them (C.-H.). Variation. — One that I have taken. West Wickham, 1949, and another taken Ham Street, 1951, appear referable to ab. obscurissima Prout (C.- H.). First Record, 1859 : West Wickham (Barrett, Ent. week. Int., 7 : 75) LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (101) E. icterata Villers ssp. subfulvata Haworth; Tawny-speckled Pug. Native. Waysides, commons, railway banks, waste places, etc., on Achillea millefolium. 1. Birch Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 288). Darford Heath (Jenner, Week. Ent., 2 : 197). Plumstead; Charlton; Lee; Eltham; Bexley dist (Wool. Surv., 1909). Chislehurst, common (S. F. P. Blyth). Sidcup, 1909 (2), July 31, 1910 (1), 1911 (2), 1912 (1), October 3, 1920 (2 larvae), August 8, 1921 (1), October 7, 1923 (2 larvae), October 5, 1924 (2 larvae), July 19, 1925 (1), September 1925 (several larvae) September 1927 (larvae fairly plentiful), August 3, 1929 (1), August 2, 1931 (1), August 5, 1938 (1), August 24, 1939 (1) (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Bexley (L. T. Ford). Petts Wood, one or two annually, c. 1946 (E. Evans), 1949, frequent (A. M. & F. A. Swain) Orpington, 1948-53 (L. W. Siggs). West Wickham, 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell) Dartford, common (B. K. West). Abbey Wood, 1951-52 (A. J. Showier). Blackheath, 1959, at m.v.l. and mint flowers at night (A. A. Allen). Brom- ley, 1959 (5), 1960 (14), 1961 (15), 1962 (15), 1963, (16), 1964 (43), 1965 (34), 1966 (13), with earliest date July 3, 1963, latest date October 3, 1962 (D. R. M. Long). 2. Gillingham, uncommon; New Brompton (Chaney, 1883-87). Faver- sham (H. C. Huggins). Abbey Wood and Plumstead Marshes, larva common on yarrow, October 21, 1951 (J. F. Burton). 3. Herne Bay, at light August 11, 1935, August 12, 1939 (A. J. L. Bowes) 4. Sandwich, larva on yarrow, September 24, 1949 (C.-H.). 5. Farnborough*, not common, 1904 (Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909) Chevening, July 22, 1914 August 10, 1918 (Gillet, Diary). Westerharr. (R. C. Edwards). 6. Gravesend (H. C. Huggins); two at street lamps (F. T. Grant) Pinden (E. J. Hare). 6a. Darenth (Stephens, loc. cit.). 7. Faversham (H. C. Huggins). Westwell (Scott, 1936); at light (G. V Bull). 8. Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, 1870). St Margaret’s Bay, 1890 (Fenn Ent. Rec., 1 : 204). Elham (W. E. Busbridge). Brook* (C. A. W. Dui- field). Wye* (Scott, 1950). Betteshanger; Ewell Minnis; St. Radigund's Whitfield (E. & Y., 1949). Waltham, 1951 (J. W. C. Hunt). 9. Birchington, occasionally at light, 1926-33 (C.-H.). Margate (H. C Huggins); one, July 28, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). 10. Sevenoaks, July 23, 1920, August 8, 1922 (Gillett, Diary); (W. E Busbridge). 11. Tonbridge (Raynor, Entomologist, 6: 79). Yalding (V.C.H., 1908) Edenbridge, 1930 (F. D. Greenwood). 12 Near Hothfield (Scott, 1936). Ashford, frequent at light in garden (P. Cue MS.). Willesborough, four, July 21-August 22, 1954, ten July 20- August 27, 1955, eleven, July 21-August 20, 1956; Wye, seven, August 4- 12, 1953, five, July 24-September 4, 1956 (W. L. Rudland). 13. Tunbridge Wells* (M. M. Phipps, in Knipe, 1916). [Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2: 85), may refer to E. succenturiata L. (q.v.)] 14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). 16. Folkestone (A. M. Morley). First Record 1831 ; Darenth and Birch Woods, occasionally (Stephens, Haust., 3: 228) LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT 15/VI/73 {102} E. succenturiata L.: Bordered Pug. Native. Waysides, waste places, etc.; on Artemisia vulgaris, A. absinthium, 1. Lee (C. Fenn, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Eltham (A. H. Jones, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bexley district, common (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Brockley (W. West, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Sidcup, July 8, 1915, larva, September 1925, two, June 23- July 12, 1927, one on fence, June 17, 1933, three at light, June 1935, two at light, June 1936, one on fence, July 9, 1936, one on fence, July 5, 1938 (Kidner, Diary). Petts Wood, several annually, c. 1950 (E. Evans). Dartford (B. K. West). Orpington, 1949, 1953 (L. W. Siggs); (R. G. Chatelain). Petts Wood, 1950 (A. M. & F. A. Swain). West Wickham, 1951 (E. E. J. Trundell). Abbey Wood, 1952; Woolwich, 1954 (A. J. Showier). Blackheath, street lamps and at m.v.l., 1959; Charlton, a pair amongst mugwort (A. A. Allen). 2. Sheppey, 1872 (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 163). Faversham (H. C. Huggins). Dartford Marshes, a larva on A. absinthium, September 15, 1963 (C.-H.). 3. Ridgway, August 4, 1929 (A. J. L. Bowes). Herne Bay, occasionally (D. G. Marsh). Broad Oak, at light, June 5 (1), July 1 (2), 20 (3), 30 (2), 1946, July 22 (1), 1949 (C.-H.). 4. Sandwich Bay, July 24, 1967. one at m.v.l., August 9, 1969 (T. W. Harman). 5. Farnborough* (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). Chelsfield*, 1950 (A. M. & F. A. Swain). 6. Gravesend (H. C. Huggins); July 14, 1914, June 30, 1926 (F. T. Grant). Pinden, uncommon (E. J. Hare). Eynsford, larvae (S. F. P. Blyth). 6a. Darenth Wood (Stephens, Haust., 3: 288); 1870 (Standish, Entom- ologist, 5: 147). 7. Sittingbourne (H. C. Huggins). Westwell, one, July 22, 1946 (Bull, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1946-47: 168); annually since 1946 Scott, 1946). 8. Folkestone Warren, not common (Knaggs, 1870). Brook* (C. A. W. Duffield). Betteshanger, July 6, 1957 (R. F. Bretherton). 9. Birchington, occasionally at light, 1926-32 (C.-H.). Margate (H. C. Huggins). 11. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). Sevenoaks Weald, four at m.v.l., July 31, August 1, 6, 1959, one, June 30, 1960 (E. A. Sadler). 12. Ashford, frequent at light in garden (P. Cue). Vauxhall, Canter- bury, larvae beaten from A. vulgaris, August 30, 1959 (C.-H.). W. Ash- ford, common (M. Enfield). Willesborough, 1959 (3), 1960 (1) (M. Single- ton). 13. [Pembury (Stainton, Man., 2 : 85), may refer to E. icterata ssp. subfulvata or to E. succenturiata, or to both, since Stainton Hoc. cit.) included both species under succenturiata}. Goudhurst, two, 1957 (W. V. D. Bolt). 15. Dymchurch, one, July 24, 1933 (R. C. Crewdson teste A. M. Morley); one, 1952 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 65: 43). Lydd, larvae, September 30, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton); August 1965 (D. W. H. ffennell). Boulderwall, Dunge- ness, July 16, 1966 (R. E. Scott). 16. Folkestone Town, plentiful (A. M. Morley). Variation. — In RCK are the following abs. : — piperata Steph., one, LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT ao3) Bromley, bred ex larva 1929, B. H. Armstrong, one, Bromley, July 17, 1931, B. H. Armstrong; disparata Hiibner, one. Bromley, bred ex larva 1929, B. H. Armstrong. First Record, 1831 : Darenth Wood (Stephens, loc. cit). E. subiimbrata Denis & Schiffermuller: scabiosata Borkhausen; Shaded Pug. Native. Chalk downs, salt marshes, rough fields, flowery banks, etc.; on “Scabious” [Scabiosa succisa], Pastinaca sativa, Senecio jacohaea. 1. Bexley district (L. W. Newman, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Petts Wood, 1948 (A. M. Swain, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1957: 147). West Wickham, 1950 (E. E. J. Trundell in de Worms, loc. cit.). Bromley, one at m.v.L, July 10, 1966 (D. R. M. Long). 2. Royal Oak, Sheppey, two, June 6, 1868 (J. J. Walker MS.) Sheerness, common (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 184; idem, Ent. mon. Mag., 9: 163), 1873 (Hodgson, Ent. mon. Mag., 10: 180). Chatham* (Mathew, Entomologist, 25 : 292); 1899 (Ash, Ent. Rec., 11: 273). Strood*, larvae (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 16: 294). Kingsferry, two, June 26, 1949 (C.-.H.). 3. Herne Bay (Boyd, Ent. mon. Mag., 5 : 147); larvae, July 1868 (Vaughan, Ent. Ann., 1869: 140) Chelsfield; Whitstable (P. F. Harris). Eddington (D. G. Marsh). 4. [Wingham]*, a larva on S. jacobaea, reared (Hammond, Entomologisi. 2 : 94). 5. Chevening, May 23, June 1, 1914, two, June 17, 1916 (Gillett, Diary). Chelsfield (S. F. P. Blyth). Westerham (R. C. Edwards). Biggin Hill, one May 17, 1952 (C.-H.). 6. Eynsford, common (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1891 : 122). Shoreham* (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 1 :64). Cuxton (Tutt, Ent. Rec., 4:229), 1908 (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 21 : 32). Otford (Adkin, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1902:50). Gravesend (H. C. Huggins). Farningham, June 7 1932, larva, July 11, 1933 (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Pinden (E. J. Hare). 7. Sittingbourne (H. C Huggins). Westwell (Scott, 1936); 1948, 1954 (E. Scott). 8. Folkestone Warren, common (Knaggs, 1870); six, June 21, 1949 (C.-H.). Dover (Coverdale, Entomologist, 16: 220); “all around” Dover (Webb, 1891); common, June 24, 1932 (J. H. B. Lowe). Ewell Minnis; Whinless Down (E. & Y., 1949). Kent [?Wye]*, imagines bred from P. sativa (Reid, Ent. Rec., 21 : 57). Wye Crown, June 9, 1934, June 10, 1939; a larva swept from^ Scabious, August 1931 and reared (A. J. L. Bowes); numerous at dusk including a pair in cop. May 28, 1949, one. May 30, 1953 (C.-H.). Brook, larvae (P. Cue). Chilham Downs, June 10, 1951 (W. D. Bowden). 9. Margate, June 28, 1951; St Peters, one, June 17, 1957 (W. D. Bowdenn 12. Ashford Warren, one, June 1, 1960 (M. Enfield). Ham Street, July 2, 1962 (de Worms, Entomologist, 96 : 55). Hothfield Bog, one, July 4, 1963 (M. Singleton). 16. Folkestone Town, a few (A. M. Morley). Variation. — In RCK are the following aberrations: — ahrutaria H.-S., two, Folkestone, 1904; ohscurata Lempke, two, Wye, 1908. L. B. Prout; impuncta Lempke, two, Herne Bay, bred 1909, L. B. Prout; ab. with “median area feebly marked”, one. Herne, Bay, bred 1909. J. E. Gardner. entomologist’s record, VOL. 85 15/XI/73 First Notice, 1868: Royal Oak, Sheppey, June 6, 1868 (J. J. Walker MS.). E. miliefoliata Rossler: Yarrow Pug. Resident, perhaps native. Coastal waysides, maritime shingle beach, sandhills and waste places by the sea; on Achillea millefolium. 2. Stoke Saltings, larvae on A. millefolium, September 20, 1962, reared June 14-16, 1963 (C.-H.). 3. Herne Bay, one, August 3, 1951 (D. G. Marsh). Broad Oak, one at m.v.l., June 14, 1952 (C.-H., Ent. Rec., 63: 217). 4. Sandwich, one, July 15, 1939 (Richardson, Entomologist, 82 : 72; idem, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1949-50: 41; idem, Ent. Gaz., 3: 104); one in RCK, August 16, 1939, A. J. L. Bowes (C.-H.); larvae on A. millefolium, September 16, 1971 (C.-H.). Ickham, one at light, 1957 (D. G. Marsh). 8. Folkestone, October 7, 1951, seven larvae on Dover Hill, five larvae at Capel, all found by G. Haggett( A. M. Morley). 9. Ramsgate, larvae collected with A. millefolium by A. H. Lanfear, autumn 1947, imagines reared (Wakely, Entomologist, 82 : 139; idem;, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1949-50: 3); from A. millefolium I beat 22 full- grown larvae, September 20, 1953 (C.-H.). 11. East Mailing, one, 1951 1; Aylesford, one, 1951 1, three, 1952-53t (G A. N. Davis). 12. Ham Street, $, August 7, 1933 (de Worms, Ent. Rec., 64: 53; idem, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1951-52: 49); 9, at m.v.l., July 30, 1951 <(C.-H., Ent. Rec., 63: 217). Willesborough, one at light, July 1959 (M. Singleton). 15. Hythe Rifle Range, 43 larvae, September 18-30, 1950 (Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1950-51 : 36). Dungeness, two at m.v.l., August 3, 1951 (C.-H.).; 1952 (Kettlewell, Ent. Rec., 65: 305); larvae plentiful, 1955 (de Worms, Entomologist, 88: 95; Bretherton, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1956: 21); a few larvae, September 24, 1955 (E. C. Pelham-Clinton); few larvae, September 29, 1956 (R. F. Bretherton); 1957 (Wakely, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1957: 15). Greatstone, 1963 (Wakely and C.-H., Ent. Rec., 76: 94). Lydd, larvae half-grown, September 28, 1966 (de Worms, Entomologist, 100: 103). 16. Folkestone, three larvae, October 5-22, 1950, by A. M. Morley (de Worms, Entomologist, 84: 153); three moths, 1951 (Morley, Ent. Rec., 64: 174); larvae, October 4, 1953 (de Worms, Ent. Rec., 65 : 328); larvae scarce, 1957-58, owing to reduction of the foodplant (A. M. Morley). Variation. — In RCK is ab. uniformis Dietze, one. Sandwich Bay, bred July 13, 1950, E. A. Cockayne. First (Published) Record, 1949: Pegwell Bay near Ramsgate (Wakely, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1949-50: 3). The species was first found in Britain at Ham Street in 1933, however, but the specimen taken was not identified until many years later (cf. de Worms, supra). E. simpliciata Haworth: subnotata Hubner: Plain Pug. Native. Salt-marshes, river banks, waste ground, derelict sites; on Chenopodium, Atriplex. “Generally common” (V.C.H., 1908); but the records show it to be fairly local (C.-H.). LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (105) 1. “Met with the larva in some plenty in waste ground near Bexley” (Harpur Crewe, Ent. Ann., 1861 : 138). Lewisham district, not scarce on palings (Fenn, Ent. week. Int, 10: 196); Lee and Blackheath areas, July 14, 1861 (Fenn, Diary), may refer. Westcombe Park; Bexley district, abundant >Wool. Surv., 1909), Bexley, 1900 (Carr, Entomologist, 34: 108); several annually, 1966-68 (D. O’Keeffe). Chiselhurst, common (S. F. P. Blyth). Sidcup, one, July 15, 1910, one, August 3, 1912, one at light, July 17, 1928, four at light, July 1935, July 10(1), 17, 1936, three, 1937, two, 1938, one August 13, 1939 (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Petts Wood, July 12(1), 14(1), 18(1), 1937, common 1948; St. Mary Cray, one, August 20, 1948 (A. M. & F. A. Swain). Orpington, 1948 (L. W. Siggs); one, July 1955, one, August 1956 (R. G. Chatelain). West Wickham, 1951 (E. E. J. Tundell); July 24(1), 30(1), August 1(1), 2(1), 1963 (R. F. Birchenough). Abbey Wood, 1952 (A. J. Showier). Blackheath, two at m.v.l., 1959 (A. A. Allen), Bromley, one, 1963, three, 1965, three, 1966 (D. R. M. Long). 2. Sheerness, two, June 24-25, 1868 (J. J. Walker MS.). Near Sheerness, 1871, abundant among Chenopodium, also at rest on fences, etc. (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 184). Chatham, larvae on Chenopodium and Atriplex • Mathew, Entomologist, 23: 347), Gravesend, very common, July 11, 1865 (Fenn, Diary). Gravesend; Sittingbourne; Faversham (H. C. Huggins). Greenwich Marshes; Plumstead Marshes (J. W. Tutt, in Wool. Surv., 1909). New Brompton (Chaney, 1884-87). Marshes near Strood, a few larvae on Chenopodium, July 26, 1908 (Ovenden, Ent. Rec., 21 : 33). Sheppey, July 23, 1935 (J. H. B. Lowe). Stoke Saltings, two, August 1, 1962; Kingsferry, June 26, 1949 (C.-H.). 3. Herne Bay, July 25, 1933, August 2, 1934, July 21, 1935 (A. J. L. Bowes). Den Grove, Sturry, one, 1936; Broad Oak, one, July 18, 1944, one, August 5, 1951 (C.-H.). 4. Deal, July 22, 1891 (Fenn, Ent. Rec., 2: 203-204); one, July 28, 1891, one, August 6, 1892 (Fenn, Diary). Westbere, one, July 24, 1946 (C.-H.). 5. Farnborough*, occasionally (H. Alderson, in Wool. Surv., 1909). 6. Gravesend, June 24, 1911 (F. T. Grant). Pinden (E. J. Hare). 6a. Near Darenth Wood (see First Record). Chattenden Roughs (Chaney, 1884-87). 8. Elms Vale, Dover, one, July 12, 1905 (Stockwell, Diary). Whinless Down (E. & Y., 1949). 9. Cliftonville, one, 1950; North Foreland, one, 1950; Margate, one, July 29, 1955 (W. D. Bowden). 11. Tonbridge (Raynor, Entomologist, 6: 79). * 12. Canterbury City, larva and imago (J. A. Parry). Ashford (Scott, 1936). Brook* (Scott, 1950). 13. Tunbridge Wells* (Knipe, 1916). 14. Sandhurst (G. V. Bull). 15. Dungeness, one, July 26, 1935 (A. M. Morley). 16. Folkestone (Knaggs, 1870); one or two taken in the town (A. M. Morley). Variation. — In RCK are the following named abs. : — hrunnea Lempke, one, Brockley; variegata Lempke, one, Sheppey. First Record, 1831: “Very abundant near Darenth Wood” (Stephens, Haust., 3 : 287). (106) entomologist’s record, VOL. 85 15/XI/73 E. indigata Hiibner: Ochreous Pug. Resident, perhaps native.; [on Pinus sylvestris^ I. Birch Wood (see First Record). Dartford*, two April 1859 (Allchin, Ent. week. Int., 8: 4). Dartford Heath, two, June 15, 1876 (Fenn, Diary). West Wickham Wood, April 21, 1863 (Fenn, Diary); 1867 (Barrett, Ento- mologist, 3: 330); scarce amongst Scotch fir (1889) (Sheldon, Ent. Rec., 1 : 70). West Wickham, one in m.v. trap, June 1, 1963 (C.-H.). Forest Hill (Cansdale, Ent. Rec., 2 : 69). Bostall and Abbey Woods, on pine trunks. May 11-15, 1863 (21), May 7-16, 1865 (40) (Fenn, Diary). Plumstead (V.C.H., 1908). Frith, one, May 17, one, June 8, 1884; Pauls Cray Com- mon, one June 7, 1890 (Fenn, Diary). Orpington, one. May 1953 (R. G. Chatelain); one, May 13, 1954, one, 1955 (L. W. Siggs). Bromley, at m. v. 1. 1960 (4), 1962 (1), 1963 (1), 1964 (3), 1965 (2), 1966 (2); earliest date May 13, 1964, latest date July 1, 1962, with maximum numbers (2) on May 26. 1960 and May 16, 1965 (D. R. M. Long). 3. Blean, one. May 28, 1903, one. May 15, 1905, in J. P. Barrett coll. (C.-H.). Oldbridge Wood, c. 1946 ( J. A. Parry). West Blean Wood, one, June 15, 1950 (W. D. Bowden). 5. Meanfield Wood, one. May 30, 1955 (R. G. Chatelain). 6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). Eynsford, one. May 18. 1934, B. H. Arm- strong, in RCK (C.-H.). 7. Westwell (Scott, 1936). 8. West Wood, one. May 19, 1953 (A. M. Morley). 10. Seal Chart, one, June 18, 1887 (Fenn, Diary). Sevenoaks (V.C.H.. 1908). II. Yalding (V.C.H., 1908). 12. West Ashford, one at light. May 18, 1960 (M. Enfield). Ashford Town, one in garden. May 8, 1961 (P. Cue MS.). 13. Tunbridge Wells* (Knipe, 1916). First Record, 1851 : Birch Wood (Douglas, Zoologist, 3247). E. pimpinellata Hiibner: Pimpinel Pug. Native. Chalk downs, rough chalky places; on Pimpinella saxifrage. 1. Wilmington*, a larva, October 5, 1910 (A. R. Kidner, Diary). Or- pington, one, 1955, one, 1956 one, 1957 (R. G. Chatelain). Bromley, one. August 18 1960, one, August 17, 1961, both in m.v. trap (D. R. M. Long). 4. Ham Marshes, one, June 9, 1891 (Fenn, Diary); numerous, bred 1905 (J. P. Barrett coll.). Note: The locality was probably the rough chalky hold adjoining the fen (C.-H.). 5. Biggin Hill, about 12 larvae, October 13, 1957; Shoreham, two larvae October 13, 1957 (A. J. Showier). 6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). Birling, 1903-06, odd ones kicked up from the grass (H, C. Huggins). Eynsford, one larva, October 13, 1957; Wrotham, one larva, October 19, 1958 (A. J. Showier). 7. Westwell, one at light, August 9, 1955 (C.-H.). 8. Folkestone. — Warren, scarce in spring (Knaggs, 1870); one, Wind- gate Hill, August 11, 1936, one, August 3, 1937, 17 larvae on the downs. August 31-September 4, 1937 (A. M. Morley); the Well between Sugar- loaf and Middle Hill, 14 larvae on P. saxifraga growing on the shaded parts of the down, September 12, 1953, imagines bred August 1954, larvae locally plentiful with four on one plant, September 18, 1955 (C.-H.). LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (107) Deal* (Morris, Br. Moths, 1 ; 232). Near Walmer, one, August 21, 1888 (Fenn, Diary). Downs between St. Margaret’s Bay and Kingsdown, one. August 16, 1890 (Fenn, Ent Rec., 1: 204). Kent [?Wye district]*, larvae. September 1907 (Reid, Ent. Rec., 20 : 13). Betteshanger, not common (E. & Y., 1949). Brook, larvae on P. saxijraga, September 1960 (P. Cue MS». 16. Folkestone Town, 1946-47 (2), 1954 (2), 1955 (3) (A. M. Morley). First Record, 1870 : Folkestone Warren (Knaggs, List of Butterflies and Moths occurring in the neighbourhood of Folkestone, 18). E. nanata Hiibner ssp. angusta Prout: Narrow-winged Pug. Native. Heaths, commons, woods; on Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix. Probably casual in 2. 1. Birch Wood vicinity, not uncommon (Stephens, Haust., 3: 289>. West Wickham, (^ , May 14, 1860 (H. Tompkins, Diary); one, June 29, 1861 (Fenn, Diary); reported at Haggerstone Entomological Soc. as having been taken (in 1887) (Russell, Young Nat., 8; 114). Lee, one on a lamp, August 23, 1862; Paul’s Cray Common, one, August 3, 1887, two, August 11, 1891, one, July 15, 1893 (Fenn, Diary). Chislehurst, common, 1907-09 (S. F. P. Blyth). Bexley district, abundant (L. W. Newman, in Wool, Surv., 1909). Dartford Heath, c. 1862 (Jenner, Week Ent., 2 : 197); August 8, 1891 (Fenn. Diary); still there (L. T. Ford, in litt., x.1952). Plumstead (W. West, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Bostall Heath (H. J. Turner, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Abbey Wood, one at m.v.l., 1954 (A. J. Showier). Farnborough; Keston Com.mon (W. Barnes, in Wool. Surv., 1909). Keston, three. May 9-15. 1947 (D. F. Owen). Hayes Comimon. larvae plentiful, October 8, 1919. larvae fairly plentiful, September 29, 1920 (A. R. Kidner, Diary); one May 9, 1947 (D. F. Owen). Elmstead Wood, frequent, 1948 (J. F. Burton). Orpington, one, September 18, 1956, one, July 21, 1959 (R. G. Chatelain). Bromley, one, August 6, 1960, one, September 1, 1962, one, August 19, one, August 24, 1965 (D. R. M. Long). 2. Near Sheerness, one on fence, August 1871 Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 184). 3. Blean Woods, one, May 13, 1866 (Fenn, Diary). Chestfield, one at light (P. F. Harris). 6a. Near Darenth* (Stephens, loc. cit). 7. Stockbury, common, 1919-20 (H. C. Huggins). Westwell, one, July 29. 1946, July 24, 1951 (G. V. Bull). Boxley, 1953 (A. H. Harbottle). 8. Folkestone Warren (R. Fairclough teste A. M. Morley personal communication, i.l954). Betteshanger, July 6, 1957 (R. F. Betherton). 10. Westerham (Haworth, Lep. Brit., 362). Brasted Chart, larva, imago reared 1914; Sevenoaks, July 29, 1919, May 28, 1920 (Gillett, Diary). 12. Ham Street, June 30, 1935 (A. J. L. Bowes). Hothfield (Scott, 1936): 1955, larvae, August-September 1959 and 1961 (P. Cue MS); larva on C. vulgaris and E. tetralix, September 9, 1961, reared (C.-H.). Ashford Town in garden. May 19, 1954 (P. Cue MS). 13. Tunbridge Wells district, two, 1868 (Cox, Entomologist, 4 (62), ii). Pembury Woods (Morgan, Lepidoptera of Tunbridge Wells District MS.). Tunbridge Wells, common (H. E. Hammond). Goudhurst, one. May 16, 1960 (W. V. D. Bolt). 14. Benenden, one, August 5, 1946; Sandhurst, at light (G. V. Bull). Variation. — According to Prout (in Seitz, Pal. Geom., Suppl., 201, fig. 17k), our most usual English form is referable to angusta Prout (108) entomologist’s record, VOL. 85 15/XII/73 i^angustata Haworth, praeocc.) which differs from the type in having the “wings narrower, the forewing very lanceolate, of a purer grey and without admixture of reddish or yellowish; angulation of the last pale band generally more acute; extrabasal line much more elbowed, more oblique, straighter; the threads which traverse the bands very distinct”. In RCK is an ab. “dark dusted”, one, Bexley, May 1904. First Record, 1809: Phalaena angustata . . . “Habitat in Cantio apud Westerham, at valde infrequens. Imago i Aug. Sepibus” (Haworth, loc. cit.). [(E. extensaria Freyer ssp. occidua Prout: Scarce Pug. Recorded in error. Recorded as Kentish in Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1962: 51, and the error not since corrected)] [(F. innotata Hufnagel : Angle-barred Pug. Recorded in error. E. innotata is a non-British species that has been recorded a number of times from Kent doubtless owing to confusion with E. fraxinata Crewe iq.v.) whose imago closely resembles it. The larva of innotata, however, is very different in appearance from that of fraxinata and feeds on Artemisia; yet, despite the following statement, there is not to our knowledge a single authenticated instance of its occurrence in Kent or elsewhere in Britain. Tutt (1896, Br. Moths, 261) has: “The Coast Pug (E. innotata) is . . . exceedingly rare, and confined in Britain, so far as is certainly known, to the coasts of Kent and Essex, the larva feeding on Artemisia maritima”)'\ . E. fraxinata Crewe: Ash Pug. Resident, perhaps native. Hedgerows, bushy places, sandhills; on ash, Hippophae rhamnoides. Note : The records of E. innotata Hufnagel doubtless refer to E. fraxinata, and I have accordingly included them here as representing this species. 1. Browns Woods, one, July 11, 1885; Lee, one, July 5, 1886, one, June 14, 1887, one, June 25, 1891,, 9 taken by Auld on paling, June 8, 1894 <Fenn, Diary). Lewisham one, 1895, W. H. Tugwell; Eltham, one, bred 1893, B. A. Bower, three bred 1896, B. A. Bower, all in RCK (C.-H.). Plumstead (J. A. Clark, in Buckell & Prout, Trans. Cy. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1900: 69). Eltham (A. H. Jones, in Buckell & Prout, loc. cit.). Bexley (V.C.H., 1908). Lewisham (R. A. Adkin, in Wool. Surv., 1909). West Wickham, 1950. (E. E. J. Trundell, in de Worms, Lond. Nat., 1957: 145). Blackheath, one at m.v.l., 1959 (A. A. Allen). Bromley, one in m.v. trap, July 1, 1966 (D. R. M. Long). 2. Near Sheerness, 1871, two at rest on outhouse (Walker, Ent. mon. Mag., 8: 184). 3. Millstrood, one, June 26, 1949, taken by P. F. Harris (Huggins, Entomologist, 84: 142, as innotata) Broad Oak, May 22, (1), June 30 (2), 1952, all at light (C.-H.). 5. Farnborough* (W. Barnes, in Wool, Surv., 1909). Layams Farm, Keston, pupa under bark in winter, reared April 16, 1949 9 (R- F. Birchenough). LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (109) 6. Greenhithe* (Farn MS.). Birling Downs, two beaten from hedge, June 15, 1912 (F. T. Grant). 6a. Darenth Wood (see First Record). Chattenden (V.C.H., 1908). 7. Westwell (Scott, 1964). 8. Canterbury, three pupae under ash bark, April 16, reared May 12, ;26, 27, 1865 (Fenn, Diary). Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Wye district* <1904, Barrett, Lep. Br. Isles, 9: 107, as innotata). Whitfield, June 30, 1953 (T. G. Edwards). 9. Margate, June 27 (1), 31 (1), 1902, June 18 (1), July 1 (1), 1903, June 6, 1904 (2) in J. P. Barrett coll. (C.-H.). 10. Sevenoaks, one, bred Ruthven, in RCK (C.-H.). 11. Aylesford, one, July 14, 1955 (G. A. N. Davis), is in my coll. (C.-H.). Maidstone, one at light, July 16, 1955 (E. Philp). 12. Ham Street, taken in 1964 (Anon., Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1964: 13). [13. Tunbridge Wells, “doubtful” (Knipe, 1916)]. 14. Sandhurst, one, June 16, 1933, in G. V. Bull coll. (C.-H.). 15. Dymchurch, two, 1952 (Wakely, Ent. Rec., 65: 43). Greatstone, larvae on H. rhamnoides, June 8, July 1958, July 1959, July 1960, July 1961 (P. Cue MS.); beat larvae from H. rhamnoides, September 10, 1961, reared May 1962, beat about twelve larvae mostly full-grown from H. rhamnoides, July 27, 1963 (C.-H.). 16. Folkestone, 1929 (Morley, 1931); one. May 27, 1953 (A. M. Morley); 9, May 30, 1953 (Morley, Proc. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1953-54: 38, as innotata). First Record, 1831 : “Apparently rare; I possess two examples cap- tured in a garden near Darenth-wood in June” (Stephens, Haust., 3: 286, as innotata). E. virgaureata Doubleday: pimpinellata sensu Dou'bleday: Golden Rod Pug. Native. Woods; on Solidago virgaurea.. 1. Dartford Heath (Farn MS.). Plumstead (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 199). Dee (H. J. Turner, in Wool. Surv., 1909). 6. Greenhithe, moth trap (Farn MS.). 6a. “In the Kentish locality [?Darenth Wood]*, where I have been in the habit of taking it for some years past, it strictly confines itself to the flowers of the Solidago, though there is plenty of Senecio in and near the woods” (Crewe, Ent. Ann., 1862: 47, communicated 4.xi.l861). Darenth (Farn MS.). 7. Westwell, one, June 6, 1906, L. B. Prout, in RCK (C.-H.). 8. Folkestone* (Ullyett, 1880). Covert Wood, larvae not uncommon, 1927 (H. C. Huggins). Covert Wood, Elham Park Wood and Denge Wood, about 20 larvae beaten from 5. virgaurea, October 1960, all parasitized except one which emerged April 1961; larvae beaten out, autumn 1961, moths bred spring 1962 (G. M. Haggett); there is a series of 18 specimens in RCK bred by Haggett and labelled “Lyminge”, bred iv.l961 (1) and viii.1962 (17) (C.-H.); (also, cf. Haggett, Proc. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1968: 99, 101). (110) entomologist’s record, VOL. 85 15/XII/73 10. Brasted, occasionally (R. M. Prideaux). 12. Shadoxhurst (Scott, 1936). Ham Street (H. C. Huggins); [many larvae swept from S. virgaurea, August 7, 1946, none reared (de Worms, Entomologist, 80: 81), the date seems too early (C.-H.)]; one bred, 1950,. from a larva beaten out (G. M. Haggett). Ashford, c. 1953 (P. Cue). First Record, 1859 : ‘-I have found it by no means rare in the Kentish woods, where the underwood is from one to two years’ growth, and the golden rod has room to grow and flower freely” (Crewe, Zoologist, 6694), E. abbreviata Stephens: Brindled Pug. Native. Woods; on oak. Frequent and found in all divisions except 5 (probably present), 4, 9, 15. “Generally distributed” (V.C.H., 1908). The imago has been mostly observed at light, to which it is sometimes attracted in considerable numbers. Thus, A. J. L. Bowes (Diary) wrote that at Thornden Wood (div. 3) on March 24, 1935, it was swarming at the lights of his car with “two dozen on one wing at one point”. It is also occasionally noted at sallow bloom, and by day at rest on oak trunks. There are many records of the larvae being found on oak, and in my^ diary I mention that I beat them plentifully from oak at Orlestone Woods,. Ham Street on June 13, 1947 (C.-H.). Variation. — Kentish abbreviata show varying degrees of melanism,, the most extreme forms occurring in the north-west of the county. Within the past few years I have taken at West Wickham examples that appear to conform to abs. hirschkei Bastel. and nigra Cockayne and others that are less extreme, but the typical form seems no longer to occur at this locality (C.-H.). In RCK is an ab. described as “dark dusted”, one, Seven- oaks, 1892, one, Bexley 1904. . . First Record, 1831 : “Not common; taken at Darenth in June”^ (Stephens, Haust., 3 : 283). This is also the first British record and ori- ginal type reference. E. dodoneata Guenee: Oak-tree Pug. Resident or native. Woods, hedgerows; [on Quercus robur. Ilex querci folia). Apparently extinct in 1, though formerly abundant there. 1. Lee. — May 19 — June 1, 1860, common in Burnt Ash Lane (Fenn, Lep. Data MS.; Fenn, Ent. week Int., 9: 59); about 80 flying at dusk round pollard oaks. May 20 — beginning June, 1861, in Burnt Ash Lane (Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 10: 196); over 70 noted May 8-26, 1862; eight, April 27— May 21, 1863; six. May 12-17, 1864; May 4, 1865; four. May 23, 1874r noted almost annually 1885-95, though generally less numerously, but with sixteen, May 19-26, 1892; five in Hither Green Fields, 1888; Eltham. seven, 1889-90 (Fenn, Diary; Fenn, Lep. Data MS.). West Wickham, May 1, 1861 (Fenn, Dairy); (Pseudon., Week Ent., 2 : 124). Kidbrook, by beating hedges (West, Ent. Rec., 18: 199). Bexley, 1914 (L. T. Ford). 3. Bysing Wood, three or four, 1913-14 (H. C. Huggins). Chestfield: Whitstable, on pales round Whitstable Castle (P. F. Harris). 4. Worth (T. W. Harman). 8. Tilmanstone, a worn specimen beaten out of Ilex, June 27, 1933 (A, M. Morley). 9. Northdown, not uncommon in April (P. F. Harris); Margate, one, May 19, 1934, P. F. Harris, in my coll. (C.-H.). St. Peters, about 12 on street LEPIDOPTERA OF KENT (111) lamps, May 19-26, 1954, one at m.v.l., May 10, 1957 (W. D. Bowden). Note : There are extensive stands of Ilex nearby (C.-H.). 11. Aylesford, four, 1952-53, G. A. N. Davis, in my coll. (C.-H.). Hoads Woods, one, c. 1953 (P. Cue). 12. Ham Street, a worn specimen taken at dusk. May 14, 1934 (A. M. Morley) (Scott (1936) refers). Chartham, one. May 22, 1951 1 (P- B. Wacher), Ashford Town, one on hawthorn blossom. May 9, 1957, in garden (P. Cue MS.); May 8, 1960, May 1961, one. May 19, 1962 (P. Cue MS; de Worms Entomologist, 9^: 159, 96; 53). 13. Tunbridge Wells (Knipe, 1916). 16. Folkestone Town, May 27, 1952 (2), May 19 (1), 20 (1), 23 (1), 26 (1), 1953, May 9, 1956 (1) June 6, 1958 (1), all in m.v. trap (A. M. Morley). First Record, 1860; Fenn, Ent. week. Int., 9 : 59. E. pusillata Denis & Schiffermuller: sobrinata Hubner: Juniper Pug. Native. Chalk downs, parks, gardens; on Juniperus communis. I. Lee Park; Blackheath Park; Frith; Eltham; on palings and street lamps between 1861 and 1885; common on lamps at Lee, July 18, 1863 (Fenn. Diary; idem, Ent. Rec., 6 : 230). Forest Hill, four, on fences (Cans- dale, Ent. Rec., 2: 69). Hayes district*, larva (Carr, Entomologist, 33: 47). Sidcup, one at light, July 16, 1928, one, July 18, 1937 (A. R. Kidner, Diary)\ Petts Wood, one, 1950 (E, Evans). West Wickham, one bred August 10, 1951, from a larva on a juniper in a garden in Westland Drive (R. F. Birchenough); one at m.v.l., July 23, 1972 (C.-H.). Bromley, 1959 (2), 1963 (1), 1964 (4), 1965 (7), 1966 (2), with earliest date July 1, 1964, latest date August 28, 1966. and maximum (2) on July 19, 1959 and August 24, 1965 (D. R. M. Long). 5. Westerham (R. C. Edwards).t 6a. Darenth (Carrington, Entomologist, 12; 210). 7. Westwell, one, 1907, J. E. Gardner, in BMNH (C.-H.); on juniper, (W. S. Gilles per H. C. Huggins); singletons, August 1, 1936, July 24, 1947, July 7, 1954 (E. Scott); larvae in Dr Scott’s garden, reared (P. Cue MS.). 8. Dover (E. & Y., 1949). Crundale, larvae, May 1937 (E. Scott); larvae abundant on two juniper bushes. May 27, 1950, reared (C.-H.). 10. Sevenoaks, July 31, 1922 (Gillett, Diary). II. Wateringbury (V.C.H., 1908). Shipborne, four, 1910, in P. A. & D. J. A. Buxton coll. (C.-H.). 12. Ashford Town, in garden (P. Cue MS). West Ashford, one at light, July 1, 1961 (M. Enfield). 13. Tunbridge Wells (Knipe, 19