|
LIBRARY OF WELLES LEY COLLEGE |
1 |
|
|
;1PSM |
||
|
IHu HalncilVitoM 5 HI PRESENTED BY Dhe Institute on the Par East |
||
WORKS ISSUED BY
XLhc Ibafilu^t Society
CATHAY AND THE WAY THITHER
VOL. II
SECOND SERIES No. XXXIII
ISSUED FOR I913
COUNCIL OF
THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY
Albert Gray, Esq., K.C., President.
The Right Hon. The Lord Belhaven and Stenton, Vice- President.
Sir Clements Robert Markham, K.C.B., F.R.S., Ex-Pres. R.G.S., Vice-Presiden t.
The Right Hon. The Lord Peckover of Wisbech, Vice- President.
Admiral Sir Lewis Beaumont, G.C.B., K.C.M.G.
Thomas B. Bowring, Esq.
Liexjt.-Colonel Charles Frederick Close, C.M.G., R.E.
Bolton Glanvill Corney, Esq., LS.O.
Major Leonard Darnvin, late R.E., late Pres. R.G.S.
William Foster, Esq.
F. H. H. Guillemard, M.D.
Edward Heawood, Esq., Treasurer.
Sir Everard im thurn, K.C.M.G., C.B.
John Scott Keltie, LL.D.
Admiral Sir Albert Hastings Markham, K.C.B.
Alfred P. Maudslay, Esq.
Lieut.-Colonel Sir Matthew Nathan, G.C.M.G., R.E.
Admiral of the Fleet The Right Hon. Sir Edward Hobart Seymour, G.C.B., O.M.
H. R. Tedder, Esq.
Lieut.-Colonel Sir Richard Carnac Temple, Bart., CLE.
Basil Home Thomson, Esq.
J. A. J. DE Villiers, Esq., Hon. Secretary.
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2010 with funding from
Boston Library Consortium IVIember Libraries
http://www.archive.org/details/cathaywaythither02yule
Bas-relief of Odoric from the shrine at Udine
CATHAY \ND THE WAY THITHER
BEING A COLLECTION OF MEDIEVAL NOTICES OF CHINA
TRANSLATED AND EDITED
COLONEL SIR HENRY YULE, R.E., C.B., K.CSl.
CORK. J
Wll-H A
PRELIMINARY ESSAY
JN THE INTERCOURSE BETWEEN CHINA AND T?IE WE- NATIONS PREVIOUS TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE CAPE t'
\m
NEW EDITION, REVISED THROUGHOUT IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT DISCOVERIES
BY
HENRI CORDIER, D.LiTT, Hon. M.R.A.S., Hon. CoR. M.R.G.S., Hon. F.R.S.L.
MEMBER OF THE INSTITUT DE FRANCE rROFESSOR AT THE ECOLE DES LANGUES ORIENTALES VIVANTEsi.
VOL. II ODORIC OF PORDENONE
LONDON : PRINTED FOR THE HAKLUYT SOCi MDCCCCXIII
' v":s'?: :■? ^wfAW!f '■
AND TH
jffnD
COLO.VEL SIX
}
ON THE mK^n
NATK.'-
NEW EDITiOS. I
HEMi ..
PROFECi .
ftaus tcIj
ai the shrine at Udine
PR:
CATHAY AND THE WAY THITHER
BEING A COLLECTION OF MEDIEVAL NOTICES OF CHINA
TRANSLATED AND EDITED BY
COLONEL SIR HENRY YULE, R.E., C.B., K.C.S.I.
CORK. INST. FRANCE
WITH A
PRELIMINARY ESSAY
ON THE INTERCOURSE BETWEEN CHINA AND THE WESTERN
NATIONS PREVIOUS TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE CAPE ROUTE
NEW EDITION, REVISED THROUGHOUT IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT DISCOVERIES
HENRI CORDIER, D.Litt., Hon. M.R.A.S., Hon. Cor. M.R.G.S., Hon. F.R.S.L.
MEMBER OF THE INSTITUT DE FRANCE PROFESSOR AT THE ECOLE DES LANGUES ORIENTALES VIVANTES, PARIS
VOL. II
odoric of pordenone
LONDON :
PRINTED FOR THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY
MDCCCCXIII
oeT« '''^
^1 32.^2- CambriUge :
PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
GIFT OF ,N5T1TDTE DN THE FAR EAST
53
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CATHAY AND THE WAY THITHER
I. THE TRAVELS OF FRIAR ODORIC OF PORDENONE (1316-1330)
Biographical and Introductory Notices. — His native country, Friuli, 5 ; his family and birthplace, 6 ; his name, 7 ; probable date of birth, 8 ; contemporary notices, 8 ; early history, 9 ; course of his travels, 10 ; alleged missionary labours, 1 1 ; and miracles, 1 1 ; his return home and death, 12^ excitement at his funeral, 13; alleged posthumous miracles, 15; beatification, 16; monument, 17; reliques and portraits, 19, 20; writings ascribed to him, 22; character as a traveller, 24; marks of genuineness of his travels, 25 ; varieties in the MSS., and classification of them, 26; chief difficulties in his narrative, 28 ; Mandeville's thefts from him, 33 ; decretum canonizationis, 35 ; funerals, 36; list of known MSS., Latin, 39; Italian, 59; French, 67; German, 74; distribution of MSS., 75; bibliography, 76; text of the translation, how determined, 93 ; indication of references to MSS. and editions, 95.
The Travels. — i. What the Friar saw at Trebisond, and in the Greater Armenia. — Prefatory remarks, 97; Trebizond, 98; story of tame partridges, 99 ; Zigana, 99 ; St Athanasius, 100 ; Arziron {Erzrum\ 100; Sarbisacalo and Ararat, 101-102.
2. Concerning the city of Taicris and the city oj Soldania, where dwelleth the Persian Emperor. — Tauris, 102; the Arbor Secco, 103; salt mountain, 104; Soldania; the sea of Bacuc {Caspian), 105.
3. Concerning the city of the Magi; also the Sea of Sand, and of the la?id of Hiiz. — Cassan {Kashan), the city of the Magi, 106; lest {Yezd\ 107; the Sea of Sand, 107; Comerum and great ruins {Persepolis), 108 ; Huz {Haza or Adiabene), 109.
4. Fr. Odoric treateth of the manners of the people of Chaldcsa; of India within land; andof Ormes. — Kingdom of Chaldaea {Bag]idad), no; Tower of Babel, no; dress and degradation of the women, no; inland India {Lower Euphrates), n i ; dates ; city of Ormes {Hormtiz), \\2\ death wake, 1 12.
vm TABLE OF CONTENTS
5. Of ships that have no iron in their frame; and in such an one Fr. Odoric passeth to Tana in //^rfz'a.— Stitched vessels, 113; Tana, a city of King Porus, 114; the Emp. of Dilli {Delhi), 115; animals; marriage customs, 116; wine growing trees, 117.
6. History of the Martyrdom of the four fi iars in the city of Tana. — Taken to Tana against their will, 117 ; three of them brought before the Cadi and questioned of their faith ; Thomas of Tolentino, 118.
7. The same contintied. — They are bound in the midday sun, 1 20 ; and threatened with the stake, 120.
8. The same history contimied.- — Friar James, of Padua, is cast into the fire, 121 ; but wonderfully preserved, 121 ; the same happens a second time, 122.
9. The same history continued. — The Melic, or governor, dismisses the Friars, 122 ; but the Cadi persuades him to send executioners after them, 123.
10. The same history contitmed. — The Cadi sends four men, who put them to death in the night, 124; signs and wonders, 124-5.
11. The same cotttinued. — ^The fourth friar, Peter of Sienna, is tortured and slain, 125; the date of this martyrdom; the Melic's remorse, 126.
12. The same history cotttinued. — The Emperor of Delhi sends for the Melic and puts him to death, 127 ; burial of the martyrs, 127-8.
13. How Fr. Odoric took tip the bones of the four friars ; and the wonders wrought thereby. — Friar Odoric takes up the bones and carries them with him, 128 ; how the house is burnt, but he is saved by virtue of the reliques, 128-9.
14. The same contimied. — At sea, going to Polumbum {Quilou) they can have no fair wind till a bone of the friars is cast into the sea, 130; 7iote on Polumbum or Columbum, 129-30.
15. The same continued. — What happened at Zayton, in Upper India {Chiita) when the ship was searched, 132; miracles of healing, 132.
16. Fr. Odoric is done with the four friars j and now he telleth of the kingdom of Minibar, and how pepper is got. — Minibar {Malabar) where the pepper grows in a forest, 133; Flandrina {Pandai-ani) and Cyngilin {Cranganore), 133; note on Cyngilin, 133; Jews and Christians of the country, 134; mode in which the pepper is got and dried, 136; city of Polumbum, 137.
17. Fr. Odoric discourseth of the manners of the idolaters of Polumbum. — Their nakedness, and worship of the ox, 137; another bloody idol, 138; burning of widows; vegetable wonders of this country, 139; strange customs, 140.
TABLE OF CONTENTS IX
1 8. Concerning the kingdom of Mobar, where lieth the body of St. Thomas. — Kingdom of Mobar {Coromandel)., 141 ; note on Ma! bar, 141; church of St Thomas, 141; the Nestorians, 142; great golden idol, and temple ; strange penances of the idolaters, 143.
19. Concerning other custotns of the idolaters. — Lake into which offerings are cast, 144 ; sacrifice of the people under the chariot- wheels of the idol, 145; other religious suicides, 145.
20. Concerning the country called Lamori, where the pole star is hidden; and also of Sumoltra. — Crosses the ocean to Lamori {Lambri in Sumatra), 146; nakedness and community of wives, 147; canni- balism, 148; kingdom of Sumoltra {Sumatra, on N.E. of the island), 149; tattooing, 150; Resengo {Rejang), 150.
21. TJie friar speaketh of the excellent island called Java. — Great island, and its king, 151; spices, 153; 7iote on Odorless account of Java, 1 5 1-3; ojt the spice called melegheta, 153; palace of the king,
154; his wars with Khan of Cathay, 155.
22. Of the land called Thalaniasin, and of the trees that give flour, and other marvels. — Panten, or Thalamasyn {note as to this place), 155; deadly poison used there, 157; blowing tubes for arrows,
158; trees producing iiour {sago), 159; sea called the Dead Sea, 160; great canes, 160; and stones found in them that render people invulnerable, 161; pirates, 162; uses of the canes, 162-3.
23. How the King of Zampa keepeth many elephants and many waives. — Kingdom oiZ'Axvv^'d. {Champa or Southern CocJiin China), 163; the king's large family, 164; his numerous elephants, 164; wonderful shoals offish, 164; vast tortoises, 165; burning of widows, 166.
24. Of the island of Nicoveran, where the men have dogs'' faces. — Island of Nicoveran {Nicobar), 167; customs of the people; eat their prisoners if not ransomed, 169; the king and his great jewels, 169.
25. Coficerning the island of Sillan, and the marvels thereof. — Great Island of Sillan {Ceylon), 170; Great mountain on which Adam mourned, 171; beautiful lake, 171; precious stones in it, 171; and formidable leeches, 171; remedy against them; rubies and pearls; animals, 172; bird with two heads {Hornbill), and note, 173.
26. Of the island called Dondin, and the evil maimers there. — Island in the south called Dondin {note on its identity), 173; filthy cannibalism of natives, 174; how they consult their soothsayers about sick relations, and feast on them if they die, 175 ; Odoric remonstrates with them, 175.
27. A word in briej of India and the Isles thereof — Many marvels of India, 176; vast number of its islands, and kings therein, 176.
28. Fr. Odoric cometh to Upper India and the Province of Manzi, and discourseth of thei/i. — Province of Manzi {South China, note),
X TABLE OF CONTENTS
176-7; vast number and size of cities, 178; crowded population, and great abundance of all things, 178; diligence of people, 179; their aspect, 179.
29. 0/ the great city Censcalan. — The first city reached is Cen- scalan {Sinkalaii or Canton)^ 179; note on it, 179; its position; vast amount of shipping, 180; great cheapness ; large geese, 181; serpents used for food, 182.
30. Concerning the noble city called Zayton; and Junv the folk thereof regale their gods. — Zayton {Chinchau) a.nd Franciscan houses there, 183 ; cheapness of sugar, etc., 184 ; great monasteries of pagans ; mode of feeding the idols, 185.
31. The Friar telleth of the city Fuzo and its mat v els; also of rare fashions of fishing.— Great city of Fuzo {Fucheu\ 185; great cocks, 186; and hens with wool, 186; crosses a great mountain, 187; peculiarities of the people, 187; coming to a city on a river sees strange fishing with certain waterfowl, 190 ; another way of fishing by diving, 191.
32. Concerning the city of Cansay., which is the greatest city on earth. — The city of Cansay {Kingsze or Hatigchau), 192; note on it, 192-4 ; its vast compass and population ; its bridges, 195 ; the amount of the house tax ; paper money, 196 ; vast supplies of food and wine, 199.
33. Of the marvellous sight that Fr. Odoric beheld in a certain monastery of the idolaters.— P^ noble convert entertains Odoric, 200; takes him to a certain pagan monastery, 202 ; where the monks feed a multitude of strange animals which they allege to be the souls of deceased gentlemen, 203 ; vastness of the city, 204.
34. Of the city called Chilenfu, and of the great river Talay, and of certain Pygmies. — City of Chilenfu {Nanking), 204 ; note on it, 204 ; the greatest river on earth, called Talay [the Kiang), 206 ; the land of the Pygmies, 207.
35. Concerning the cities of lamzai and of Mensu. — City of lamzai {Yangchau), 209; Franciscans and Nestorians, 210; great revenue from salt; tavern dinners, 211; port of Menzu {NingpoT) and splendid vessels, 211.
36. Of the river Cara^noranj and of certain other cities visited by Friar Odoric. — City of Lenzin {Linching), and R. Caramoran {Hwang- Hd), 212; Sunzumatu {Lin ts'in chau), 214; great longevity, 215.
37. The Friar reacheth Cambalech, and discourseth thereof; and of the Great Khan^s palace tJiere. — Cambalech {Peking), 215; Tartar city of Taydo, 217; the Khan's palace, 218; park, artificial mount, lake, chase, etc. ; splendours of the palace, 218-19; great jar of jade, 220 ; mechanical peacocks of gold, 222.
38. The Friar setteth forth the state of the Khan^s cotirt. — The Khan and his Queen enthroned; head-dress of the women, 222;
TABLE OF CONTENTS XI
etiquettes, 223 ; banquets, dresses and hierarchy of the courtiers, 224-5 '■> Odoric resides three years, 225 ; numbers of the imperial establishment, 226.
39. Of the 07'de7- of the Great Khan when he jotirneycth. — The summer residence at Sandu {Shang-iu), 227; the escorts, the elephant- carriage, etc., 228; aides-de-camp called Cuthe {Kiesie), 228; ger- falcons, 229 ; number of troops accompanying the Khan, 229 ; monsters kept by the Khan {note), 229-30.
40. The greatness of the Khan^s dominion; a7id how hostels are provided therein ; and how news is carried to the Lord. — The twelve Sijigoes {Sittg) of the empire, 231 ; its vast extent, 231 ; hostelries called Yam, 232 ; hoi'ses and dromedaries for expresses, 232 ; foot posts and post houses, 232-3.
41. Concerning the Great Khaii's great hunting matches. — The forest and keepers, 235 ; great battue, 235 ; etiquettes of the field, 236.
42. Concerning the four great feasts that the Khan keepeth. — Four annual festivals, 237 ; costumes, coronets, and ivory tablets of the courtiers, 237 ; the astrologers and their manoeuvres, 238 ; the musicians, 239 ; presentation of white horses ; the friars at court ; singing men and women ; cups that fly through the air, 239 ; paper money, 240.
43. Concerning a certain melon that produceth a beast like a lamb. — Melons in Cadeli {Athil or Volga country) that produce a lamb, 240; the Irish barnacles referred to, 241.
44. The Friar, passing from Cathay, describeth sutidry lands as of Prester fohn and others. — The country of Prester John and exaggera- tions about him, 244; his city of Tozan {Ta fimg), 2^,^; Great Province of Kansan {Kenjan or Si-ngan fii), 246; rhubarb, 247.
45. Concerfting the realm of Tibet, where dwelleth the Pope of the idolaters. — Tibet, a great country, 247 ; felt tents ; the royal city {Lhasa), 248; the Abassi (Lama), 250; fashions of the women, 251; extraordinary disposal of the dead and preservation of their skulls, 252.
46. Of a rich man in Manzi, and how he was fed by fifty maidetts. ^Burgess of Manzi, his enormous wealth, 254; and how he was fed by musical damsels; splendours of his palace-court, 255 ; nails allowed to grow long in Manzi, 256 ; and compression of the women's feet, 256.
47. Of the Old Man of the mountain, and his end. — Region of Millestorte (of Mulahidah or the Impious, the Ismaelites or As- sassins), 257 ; the Old Man and his paradise, 258; wicked contrivances to corrupt young men ; how the Tartars brought him to a miserable end, 259.
48. How the fi'iars deal with dn'ils in IWrtajy. — Grace bestowed on the Franciscans to expel devils, 260; and extraordinary conduct of the demons, 261.
Xll TABLE OF CONTENTS
49. The Friar tellcth of a certain valley wherein he saw terrible things. — The valley of the River of Delights (It. Piaceri, \\i&PanjshirT} 262 ; many corpses ; mysterious music, 264 ; fearful face in the rock, 265 ; hill of sand and sound of invisible drums {Reg-Rawan near Kabul) ; silver scales ; the Friar coming forth unhurt is much thought of, 265.
50. Friar Odoric attesteth the truth of his story. — Solemn attesta- tion appended by order of the Provincial, 266 ; William de Solagna's postscript as to his writing the story from Odoric's dictation, 267.
51. Friar Marchesino of Bassano addeth his say; and telle th a pretty passage that he heard of Odoric. —Friar Marchesino tells a story that Odoric related how he with the bishop and other friars encountered the Khan on the road to Cambalec, 270 ; how Odoric presented a plate of apples, and the Khan graciously received the same, 270; his favourable disposition towards Christianity; his costly cap, 271.
52. The blessed end of Friar Odoric. — He goes to Pisa after his return, 275; is ill, and turns back to Udine, where he dies; iniracles after his death., 275.
ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
Bas-relief of Odoric from the shrine at Udine . Frontispiece View of Pordenone from near the Railway Station . . 3
Traditional Birthplace of Odoric 7
The Sarcophagus as it stood in the last centuiy . . 18 Altar containing Odoric's remains . . . to face 19
Domes of St Anthony's at Padua 2>2)
Map . . . . . . In pocket at end of volume
CATHAY AND THE WAY THITHER,
edited by Sir Henry YULE, was issued by the Hakluyt Society, in 1866, and has been out of print for many years past; copies occasionally offered for sale have commanded a very high price. The preparation of a new edition was entrusted to me after I had brought out the third edition of the Book of Ser Marco Polo. Recognizing that a thorough revision of the work was necessary, I have, whilst keeping almost all the notes of Sir Henry Yule, supplemented them by new information which has greatly increased the bulk of the book. The new edition of Cathay will therefore form four volumes instead of two : Vol. I, with the Preliminary Essay on the Intercourse between China and the Western Nations previous to the Discovery of the Cape Route,\w\\\ be issued last ; Vol. H, the present volume, contains Odoric of Pordenone ; Vol. HI will include Reports of Missionary Friars, Rashidtiddin, Pegolotti and Marignolli; Vol. IV will include Ib)i Batuta, Benedict of Goes and the Index.
H. C.
October 1913.
I ODORIC OF PORDENONE
C. Y. C.
View of Pordenone from near the Railway Station
ODORIC OF PORDENONE
BIOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL NOTICES
The first place in this collection has been given to the narrative of Odoric of Pordenone, a Beatus or semi-saint of the Roman Church, not as the first in time, nor perhaps in value, but as on the whole the most curious and as that which was the original nucleus of the volume.
Odoric was a native of Friuli, a country which was perhaps better known to travellers before there was a railway through it. Few now, in passing from Trieste to Venice, or from Venice to Vienna, think it worth while to break their journey for the sake of seeing such places as Pordenone, Udine, or Cividale; and thus those interesting- cities, though on or near a great thoroughfare, still keep a rare old-world flavour and simplicity.
This border land had in old times closer relations to Germany than to Italy. It has again close relations of
4 ODORIC OF PORDENONE
a certain kind to Germany, but in no region of Italy, it is believed, is the Italian feeling stronger.
The Patria del Friuli borrowed its name from Forum JuHi, a city represented by modern Cividale, and became the seat of a dukedom [568] under the nephew of Alboin when the Lombards first burst into Italy.
Charlemagne extinguished the Lombard dukes, and from Friuli for a time was governed the Eastern March of the Frankish empire. In the end of the ninth century or thereabouts, the administration of the province fell into the hands of the Patriarchs of Aquileia, whose seat had been at Cividale since 737; and in 1029 the Emperor Conrad II formally conferred on the Patriarch Wolfgang Poppo the Duchy of Friuli and the Marquisate of Istria.
This ecclesiastical principality continued to exist, with territory of fluctuating extent, until 1420, when the Patriarch [Lud. II di Teck], engaging in war with Venice, lost his temporal dominion, and Friuli became subject to the Re- public. It was remarkable as perhaps the only Italian state, excluding Sicily, which possessed a genuine Parliament. This consisted of three Estates, assembling in one house.
Friuli divides naturally into three zones. The first and widest is a great level, subsiding near the Adriatic into swamp, elsewhere well cultivated and fairly productive, but without irrigation, and far behind the wealth of the Lombard plain, excepting towards the west, where water lies nearer the surface, the streams have a more perennial character, and there is seen an almost tropical luxuriance of vegetation.
The second zone consists of undulating hills, dotted with white villages, and covered with fine grass carefully reserved for the scythe. The brilliant verdure of these undulating meadows, as seen under a July sun, was alike surprising and delightful. The third zone is that of the mountain country.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES 5
The dialect of the Friuli country is a Romance one, said to be very distinct from the Venetian, and to come very near to Provencal. Many of the local names are alleged to be quite French in character, and I remember one, Martignac, which struck me particularly. It may be only a fancy that this quasi-French idiom may sometimes be traced through the thin veil of Odoric's Latin.
The native district of Odoric was Pordenone, in that richer part of the Friulian plain which lies towards the river Livenza. Pordenone itself, called in Latin, I know not of what antiquity, Portus Naonis, [in German, Portenau] is a quaint but thriving little city of some seven thousand inhabitants, standing on the banks of the Noncello, a tributary of the Livenza, and by which boats ascend from the sea to the town. The beautiful gardens which environ it, and the very fine campanile which rises beside the cathedral, group into a singularly pleasing picture, even as seen by a railway traveller.
Odoric is said to have sprung from one of the garrison established in this district by Ottokar, King of Bohemia, to whom the territory had passed from his cousin Udalric, Duke of Carinthia and Lord of Pordenone^ A curious confirmation of this tradition is found in the manuscript from which we print the Latin text of his travels, for in it he is designated ^'■prater Oderiais Boemus-." The name
1 " De reliqitiis senimis eoruvi quos olivi Rex Otakerus apud Portum Naonis ad custodiain deputavit." This is quoted from an anonymous chronicler of Laybach, in Monuinenta Ecclesice Aqttilejcnsis^ etc., Argentinje, 1740, p. 866. Ottokar succeeded to the throne of Bohemia in 1254 ; Rudolf of Hapsburgh was chosen King of the Romans in 1272 ; their wars about the Austrian provinces held by Ottokar, in- cluding part of Friuli, terminated in 1279 i^i the rout and death of Ottokar. See also Venni, p. 3.
2 [Sig. V. Savi has taken a good deal of trouble in an article of the Nuovo Archivio Veneto (Anno vi, 1896, T. xi, Pt. II, pp. 301-325 : Delia pairia e della naziotialita del Beato Odorico da Pordenone) to prove that Yule, J. von Zahn {Revue historique^ xxi, ll, mars — avril 1883, pp. 386-390) and myself (French ed. of Odoric) are wrong in saying that Odoric was of Bohemian origin. I do not think it
6 ODORIC OF PORDENONE
of his family is alleged to have been Mattiussi\ and the place of his birth was Villa Nova, a hamlet of cottages dispersed among vineyards and mulberry trees, about a mile and a half from the town.
A substantial two-storied cottage is still shown at Villa Nova as the house in which Odoric was born; and in the half-open arcade which forms a part of the lower story, a rude old fresco, representing the friar holding forth the crucifix, much defaced by the contact of firewood and farming gear, is evidence at least of the antiquity of the
necessary to discuss the whole paper ; only one point shall I refer to : the Latin MS. No. 2584 of the National Library of Paris beginning : Descripcio Orientalinm Partittm Fratris Odorici Boemi de Foro lulii has been examined by M. Tille who found that the three passages, f. ii8a, f. 126^ (not a) twice wherein Odoric is called boemus had been erased and rewritten ; M. Tille is appai^ently a Tchecjue gentleman and though this nationality has nothing to do with the examination of a Latin MS., Sig. V. Savi exults and writes : "Di fronte all' adul- terazione del MS. proprio nel punto sostanziale per la controversia, egh e chiaro che la testimonianza del Codice parigino non puo essere piu accolta perche sospetta," p. 313. The MS. is not "sus- pect" in the least: the three erasures of the titles or passages in red ink have been made by a scribe contemporary of the MS., and probably by the same hand who wrote the running-title of the MS. ; there is no argument to be drawn from this fact against the genuineness of the MS. : it is probable that the scribe had misread the text he was writing from and subsequently corrected his error. What could be the interest of a XlVth century scribe or of his employer to make Odoric of Bohemian origin : Italian patriotism was not yet awake ; Odoric was not "tedesco" but "boemo," not German but Slav.
Savi winds up : " Finche quindi lo Zahn ed il Cordier non porteranno innanzi piii valevoli argomenti, sark permesso e logico afifermare che quelli da loro addotti non bastano per impugn are la nazionalitk italiana di Odorico da Pordenone. Di lui noi italiani, e particolarmente noi veneti potremo dire, applicando al caso un' au- gusta espressione : Odoricus noster est."
I wonder what patriotism has to do in this case : there was no Italian unity in the XlVth century, and it matters little that Odoric was of Bohemian origin, since he was a Friulan by birth, and Friuli being now part of the kingdom of Italy, well may he be claimed as an Italian. No one objects to this. — H. C]
1 This name does not seem to appear in print before the work of Gabelli in 1639. Zeno quotes as authority for it a MS. work on the Patriarchs of Aquileia by Jac. Valvasone {Dissertaz. Vossiane, 1751, ii, 297). It is also given by Asquini in YnsLife of Odoric, on the authority of a MS. of Lugrezio Treo, author oi Sacra Monumenta Prov. Forojulii, 1724.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES 7
tradition. Even the room is pointed out in which the traveller and saint was born ! and the bed, a vast and ponderous expanse of timber, looked as if it also might have officiated at the auspicious event. The parish priest asserted that the house had passed through only a second transfer since it quitted the family of Mattiussi.
The name Odorico is the same that occurs north of the Alps as Ulric, and it is found in various shapes besides, such as Udalric, Vodaric, etc. It would seem to have been
Traditional Birthplace of Odoric
common in this region of the world, for it turns up fre- quently in old Friulan lists, and was borne by Aquileian patriarchs and Carinthian dukes. And it is said to be still common about Pordenone, both as surname and Christian name. Our friar, therefore, might come by it in many ways, but perhaps he got it actually from the patron saint of his parish church, for that is saint Udalric. One of the old Franciscan writers calls our traveller Ludovicits Odoricus^ but it seems likely that this was a mistake.
1 Bartholomew Albizzi of Pisa, in the work cited below, ed. Mediolan. 1 510, f. cxxiiii.
8 ODORIC OF PORDENONE
The date of his birth is assigned to 1286, whilst the Patriarch Raymond della Torre was reigning in FriuH. In naming this date later writers appear to have followed Gabelli, who published a life of Odoric in 1639. Asquini, another biographer in the last century, quotes as authority for it" Ostiald. Raveiin.^" a reference respecting the age or value of which I have no knowledge. Judging, however, from the effigies of Odoric on his tomb at Udine, I should have guessed the date of his birth to stand a dozen years earlier than that mentioned.
The authorities for the circumstances of Odoric's life, exclusive of such as can be gathered from the story of his travels, are the annalists or hagiologists of his order. Whether the man whom they describe after the regular saint-model of the middle ages answers in any degree to the author of the travels, as he indicates his own likeness however faintly, appears to me most questionable. The contemporary notices of him, except the local records of the miracles which were said to have followed his death, are very .brief.
It is alleged that Odoric is treated of in a catalogue of Franciscan saints, written only five years after his death^; but I find no quotation from this work, and the earliest notice of him that I can discover (apart from the excep- tions just specified) is in the chronicle of his German contemporary, John of Winterthur, who seems to have written about 1348-50, and whose reference shows that he was already acquainted with the Itinerary^ His travels,
^ Vita e Viaggi del B. Odorico, etc., Udine, 1737.
2 Sbaralea, Supp. et Castigatio ad Scriptores Trium Ordinum S. Francisci, etc. Romse, 1806, p. 443.
^ After giving a notice of the martyrdom at Tana, and some other circumstances related by our author, the chronicler adds : Hcec testatur Sanctiis Odoriciis de Padua orhmdus, qui peragratis ciinctis j'egiojiibus orientalibiis et incolumis ad terrain nativain reversus, htsc et alia inira et stupenda illic visa et audita ab eo, rogatiis et compulsus a suis confratribus minoribus in scripturam redegitj opuscubim valde
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES 9
alleged missionary work, and miracles are also briefly spoken of by Bartholomew Albizzi, of Pisa, in his treatise concerning the Conformity of the Life of St Francis to the Life of Our Lord fesiis Christ, from which the passages are quoted in the Acta Sanctorum^. This work was written, according to Professor Kunstmann, about 1380, fifty years after Odoric's death, but the author was fully entitled to be termed a contemporary, for one of his works, cited by Wadding, was dated as early as 1347, and at his death in 1401 he is said to have been over a century old-.
According to the ecclesiastical biographers, however, having in early years taken on him the vows of the Fran- ciscans, and joined their convent in Udine, he speedily became eminent for ascetic sanctity, living on bread and water, going barefoot, scourging himself severely, and wearing ever next his skin hair-cloth or iron mail. His humility refused promotion, and with the leave of his superior he retired for a long time into the wilds to pass a solitary life. A local reputation for sanctity and miracles is ascribed to him before his wanderings began =^.
On these he started sometime between 13 16 and 13 18
(inclusive), and from them he returned shortly before the
spring of 1330. That he was in Western India soon after
1 32 1, that he spent three of the years between 1322 and
1328 in Northern China, and that he died in January 1331,
are all the chronological facts that we know, or can positively
deduce, from his narrative, and contemporary evidence"*.
solatiosum et delectabile^ de hujiismodi raris et a seculo quasi majidttis, relinquens." {foati. Vitoduraiii Chron. in Eccard Corp. Historicum, i, 1894.)
1 De Conformitate, etc., bk. i, pa. 2, conf. 8.
^ Cave, Script. Eccles., App., p. 48 ; Wadding, vol. vii.
3 Acta Sanctorum, Januai-y 14th ; Wadding, vol. vi, under 1331 ; Liruti, Notizie delle Vite ed opere scritte dd Lctterati di Friuli. Venez., 1760, i, 274 et seq.
* D'Avezac, in the very valuable dissertation prefixed to Carpini's account of the Tartars, says that Odoric reached Trebizond in 13 17, and Tana in 1322 ; but I do not trace the authority for such precision.
lO ODORIC OF PORDENONE
I shall not here give any detailed view of his travels ; the particulars of these, with the fullest explanations that I can provide, will be found in the ensuing text and notes. Suffice it to say that his route lay by Constantinople to Trebizond ; thence to Erzerum, Tabriz, and Soltania ; and that in all probability he spent a considerable part of the time previous to 1322 in the Houses of his Order in those cities. From Soltania he passed to Kashan and Yezd, and thence turning by Persepolis he followed a somewhat devious route, probably by Shiraz, and perhaps a part of Kurdistan, to Baghdad. From Baghdad he wandered to the Persian Gulf, and at Hormuz embarked for Tana in Salsette. Here, or from Surat, where Jordanus had deposited them, he gathered the bones of the four brethren who had suffered there in 1321, and carried them with him on his voyage eastward. He went on to Malabar, touching at Pandarani, Cranganor, and Kulam, and proceeded thence to Ceylon and the shrine of St Thomas at Mailapur, the modern Madras. From this he sailed tediously to Sumatra, visiting various parts of the coast of that island, Java, probably Southern or Eastern Borneo, Champa, and Canton. Hence he travelled to the great ports of Fu-kien, and from Fu-chau across the mountains to Hang-chau and Nan-king. Embarking on the Great Canal at Yang-chau, he proceeded by it to Cambalec or Peking, and there remained for three years, attached, it may be presumed, to one of the churches founded by Archbishop John of Montecorvino, now in ex- treme old age. Turning westward at length through Tenduc (the Ordo country of our maps), and Shen-si, to Tibet and its capital Lhasa, we there lose all indication of his further route, and can only conjecture on very slight hints, added to general probabilities, that his homeward journey led him by Kabul, Khorasan, and the south of the Caspian, to Tabriz, and thence to Venice by the way he had followed thirteen or fourteen years before, when outward bound.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES II
The companion of Odoric on a part, at least, of these long journeys was Friar James, an Irishman, as appears from a record in the public books of Udine, showing that on the 5th April after Odoric's death a present of two marks was paid to the Irish friar " Socio Beati Fratris Odorici, amore Dei et Odorici^T
The assertion of Wadding and the other biographers that Odoric had sowed everywhere the seed of the Gospel, and had baptised more than 20,000 Saracens, would appear to rest on a basis of pure imagination only. No hint of such a thing appears in his travels, nor indeed any indica- tion of his having acted as a Missionary at all ; though probably in the years he spent at Cambalec, and perhaps also in Armenia, he may have taken part in the missionary duties of his brethren. In his contemporary Jordanus the spirit of the missionary breaks out strongly and clearly, showing his heart in the work. Odoric's narrative again gives one decidedly the impression of a man of little refinement, with a very strong taste for roving and seeing strange countries, but not much for preaching and asceticism. Qui peregriiiantur raro sanctificaiitur, sdiys Thomas a Kempis. And one wonders what odd chance picked out Odoric as the wanderer to be accredited with such exceptional sanctity. " Molio diverse il giiiderdon daW opre!" Had the simple and hardly bestead Jordanus of Severac, or that zealous patriarch John of Montecorvino striving for the faith at the world's end to the age of fourscore years, been made a saint of, one could have understood it better.
Miracles also, and miraculous experiences, are assigned to the friar by his biographers, of which no trace will be found in his own story. Thus we are told that as he was on his way back from Tartary, commissioned by the Great Khan to call more brethren to the work of preaching to that monarch's subjects (a commission which seems again 1 Venni^ P- 27.
12 ODORIC OF PORDENONE
to be purely imaginary) he was met by the Great Enemy^ who reviled him, and taunted him with the bootlessness of his errand, seeing that he was fated never to return. The assailant was repelled by the sign of the cross, but his words proved true.
So bowed and changed was Odoric by the hardships and starvation that he had endured in his years of wandering, say the biographers, that his nearest of kin could scarcely be brought to recognise him^.
It was after visiting them no doubt that he betook himself to the House of his Order attached to St Anthony's at Padua, and there in the month of May, 1330, he related his story, which was taken down and done into homely Latin by William of Solagna, a brother of the Order; Friar Marchesinus of Bassano also afterwards lending a hand in the redaction, and adding at least one interesting anecdote from his recollection of Odoric's stories. Whether the traveller had not already written or dictated a brief sketch of his journeys will be spoken of below\
From Padua he is said to have proceeded to Pisa in order to take ship for the Papal Court at Avignon, that he might make his report of the affairs of the church in the far East, and ask recruits for the missions in Cathay. At Pisa he was sorely troubled by what he heard of the mischief wrought in the fraternity by the schisms of Cesana and Corbara^^, and became all the more anxious to prosecute his voyage. But he fell into serious illness,
^ Wadding, I.e. "Sub forma mulieris gravidas!" says Mark of Lisbon, quoted in the Acta Sanctorum.
^ Waddiftg; Petrus Rodulphius, Hist. Seraphicce Religionis, Ven., 1586, p. 125.
2 Petrus Rainalduccius de Vice Corbario [Rainalluci, born at Corbara] was a Minorite venerated for his age, learning, and piety, who to the great scandal of his Order let himself be set up at Rome as Antipope by the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria. In 1330 he asked pardon of Pope John with a halter on his neck. Michael Cesana was the general of the order [elected 1316J, who absconded from Avignon to take part with the emperor ( IVadding).
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES I 3
and being warned in a dream by St Francis to " return to his nest," he caused himself to be transported back to his own province.
There" at Udine, he took to his bed, to rise no more. Having confessed, on the priest's pronouncing the absolu- tion, Odoric is related to have said : " Do thine office, reverend Father, for I desire like a humble child to submit to the keys of the church ; but know that the Lord hath signified to me that he hath pardoned all my sins." And so he died on the 14th January, 133 1^
The friars of the convent were about to bury him the same day privately, contrary to the custom of the country. But when this became known in the city, Conrad Bernard- iggi, the Gastald or chief magistrate of Udine, who had a great regard for Odoric, interfered to prevent such a hurried interment, and appointed a solemn funeral for the next day. This was attended by all the dignitaries, and created a public excitement. The people began to push forward to kiss the hands and feet of the dead friar, or to snatch a morsel of his clothing. Rumours of miracles rose and spread like wildfire. A noble dame, the Patriarch's sister, who had long suffered from a shrunken arm, declared aloud that she had received instant relief on touching the body. The whole town then rushed to the convent church. Lucky were those who could put but a finger on the friar's gown, whilst those who had such a happy chance grasped at his hair and beard ; just as I have seen the Bengalis snatch at the whiskers of a dead tiger, and from like motives. One
^ This is the date given by the postscripts to Odoric's narrative, and all the subsequent accounts. Wadding adds, " On a Monday^ about the ninth hour." The 14th January 1331 might mean in modern style 14th January 1332, especially as the postscript to the narrative in the extracts published by the Bollandists specifies '■'■Anno Doininiccc Incar/iaiio7tis" which I believe indicates properly the year commencing- on Lady Day. But it seems not to be so. For the date assigned fell on a Monday in 1331, and, moreover, the order by the Patriarch for an inquiry into the miracles is dated May 1331, which is not open to ambiguity.
14 ODORIC OF PORDENONE
virago made a desperate attempt to snip off the saint's ear with her scissars, but miraculously the scissars would not close ! The public voice urged that such wonder-working matter should be kept longer available, and the interment was deferred for two days. The third day the body was buried in the church, but only to be taken up again on the day following. For the excitement had now spread far beyond the walls of Udine. The country gentlemen from the castles of the district with their wives and families began to throng in. Then came the nobles and burgesses of the neighbouring cities ; the nuns of Cividale and Aquileia followed, walking two and two in procession ; and, at last, the stream arrived from the remoter parts of Friuli, and from Carniola, and crowds continued to flock in, day and night, scourging themselves, and chaunting the praises of God and his servant Odoric. The great lady of the country, Beatrice of Bavaria, Countess Dowager and Regent of Goritz, came with a vast cortege ; the Patriarch himself, Pagano della Torre, was present, and superintended the transfer of the body to another and more splendid coffin. The sanctity of the friar was now fully recognised, and the notion was at last taken up by his own community, who employed an eminent preacher to declaim to the people the history and pious deeds of this brother, whom it is most likely they had till now regarded only as an eccentric, much addicted to drawing the longbow about the Grand Cham and the Cannibal Islands^
The Patriarch, or the Municipality (for they supplied the funds), then gave orders for the construction of a noble shrine^ ; whilst three discreet persons, the Canon Melioranzi,
^ Wadding; Docimienti per la Storia del Friuli^ raccolti dalP Abbate G. Biaiichi^ Udine, 1844-5, ii, 471.
2 Records extant in the last century showed that the cost of the shrine, and of the formahties attending the miracle-commission, was defrayed by the city. (See Tiraboschz, Storia della Letteratura Jtaliana, 1789, vol. ii, pp. 124-129.)
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES I 5
Maffeo Cassini, and the notary Guecelli or Guccelli, were commissioned to investigate and compile the miracles ascribed to the deceased.
Seventy such miracles are alleged to have been authen- ticated^ ; and indeed so says the heading of the notary's report of the commission (which is extant), though (like the cotton reels of Manchester which profess to contain two hundred yards of thread), as a matter of fact it only enumerates twenty-seven. The miracles are all much alike, and substantially in this strain : " A. B. was very ill, and vowed a lump of wax to Odoric, and began immediately to mend, and is firmly convinced that it was all owing to Odoric."
Two alleged miracles which unfortunately have not found a place in this authenticated report, but only in recorded tradition, stand out from the rest as singular or startling.
In one case. Friar Michael, a preacher and doctor of theology at Venice, having suffered for seven years from a fistula in the throat, betook himself to Friar James, the Irish comrade of Odoric's travels, and from him got a letter of introduction to his defunct and sainted friend, begging him to do what was needful for the divine. This proved immediately effectual^.
In the other case, it is asserted that a friar six days in
^ There is a MS. copy, which I saw, in the Library at San Daniele in Friuli, a curious and valuable collection bequeathed by Archbishop Fontanini to the place of his birth ; a place where the books enjoy almost undisturbed repose in a delicious atmosphere. The Report, however, is printed in the Roman blue book noticed further on. The heading runs : " Hie iiiferius sunt scripta et annotata amplius gieain septJiaginfa niiractila qtice Dens operattcs est per B. Odorieit//i" etc. It would appear that the notary got tired of recording such matter, and perhaps trusted that no one would count them ! Indeed he says in a document which is printed in Hakluyt as a postscript to Odoric's narrative : " Scripsi sieut potui bona fide et fratribiis viinoribiis exemplicm dedi; sed non de omnibus quia sunt innumerabilia, et mihi difficilia ad scribendum"; — in fact "what no fellow could do."'
- Asquint, Vita e Viaggi, p. 206.
l6 ODORIC OF PORDENONE
his grave was raised to life by the power of the saint, in answer to the prayers of a sister^
The official detail of the miracles was sent to Guido Candidus (Bianchi ?) Bishop of Udine, then at the Papal court, in order that the name of Odoric might be enrolled among the saints ; but nothing was effected at that time, owing it is said to the death of the prelate^. Nor, perhaps, had Pope John any great zeal towards the exaltation of members of an Order which had bred such thorns in his side as Corbara, Cesana, and Occam.
In the very year of Odoric's death, we find recorded the bequest by a certain woman of Vercelli of a legacy to the altar of the Beatus at Udine ; whilst a long chain of inci- dental notices of bequests, of repairs to his chapel, of celebrations of his festival, etc., show that his memory has been continuously preserved as sacred in Udine since his death -l
But for four centuries his claim to the honours of beatification rested only on popular acclamation sanctioned by the Aquileian patriarch. It was not till 1755 that the question was formally discussed by the Roman court, whether the cult rendered to Odoric from time immemorial should be solemnly sanctioned by the Pontiff.
I have inspected the record of the process which then took place, a very curious ecclesiastical Blue-book of more than one hundred and twenty folio pages. The discussion is entitled " Positio stiper dubio an sententia lata per Emi- nentissimum et Reverendissimum Ordinarium Utinense-m super ctdtu ab iinmeinorabili tempore prcedicto Beato prcestito, sive casu excepto a decretis sane. mem. Urbani Papce VIII
1 "Quem vidit suscitatum F. Henricus Generalis Minister, ut mihi Magistro Bartholomaso dixit ipse ore tenus " {Bartk. Pisajtus in op. sup. citat. ; from the Acta Sa?iciorti7n). This legend was com- memorated in an inscription which stood in the convent church at Pordenone, but dating only from 1591. (MS. copy of Gabelli's Panegyric on Odoric at S. Daniele.)
2 Asqumi, p. 199. ^ Roman documents cited below.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES 17
sit cojifirmanda in casii, etc. The first part is entitled Informatio super diibio, etc. This alleges the grounds and maintains the validity of the Bishop's judgment, traces the worship of the Friar from the time of his death, and gives a long list of those who have borne testimony to his virtues. This is followed by a Sinnmariiivi super dubio, etc., which is a sort of collection of pieces jiistificatives in which every creditable mention of Odoric is cited at length, with the whole detail of his alleged posthumous miracles, and the official report of a visitation of his shrine by Daniel [Delfin] Patriarch of Aquileia in 1749. The next document in the series consists of Animadversiones R. P. D. Promotoris Fidei super dubio, etc., being, in fact, the counterpleading of the official vulgarly termed the Devil's Advocate. He raises objections to the beatification, hints that Odoric and his sanctity were scarcely other than mythical, and almost sneers at the marvels of the Itinerary. In fact, this R. P. D. is worse than a profane Lutheran in the way he treats the Beatus. There is then a Responsio super dubio, etc., which disposes of these gibes ; and though the book in question does not contain the Pope's decision, we know that it was issued by Benedict XIV, July 2nd, 1755, fully sanctioning the beatification of Odoric^
In May 1332, the monument, which had been com- missioned by the authorities of Udine from Philip de' Santi at Venice, was completed, and a solemn transfer of the body was celebrated by the Patriarch, Pagano della Torre. The shrine consisted of a handsome sarcophagus of oriental
1 The copy of the process in question which I examined was kindly shown me by Count Pietro Montereale of Pordenone. The Pope's decision is given by Venni, p. 32 [and by us at the end of these notices]. Authorities do not seem precisely to agree as to what constitutes beatification ; an article in the E/iglish Cyclopccdia^ however, may be referred to for an explanation in what respects it falls short of canonisation. The word canonisation is indeed used in the Papal decision of 1755, but in terms it only sanctions the worship rendered to Odoric from time immemorial.
C. Y. C. 2
-l8 ODORIC OF PORDENONE
alabaster, adorned with small reliefs and statuettes, and elevated on dwarf columns of white marbled
In 1735, when the church of the Franciscans in Udine was " repaired and beautified," a new chapel was erected for Odoric, and a second solemn translation accomplished on the 27th February, 1735^ But he was not yet to lie quiet. In 1771 the Franciscans were compelled to remove to a house which had belonged to a suppressed Society of
The Sarcophagus as it stood in the last century Carmelites near the Aquileian gate, their own buildings being given up for a public hospital. In their removal they carried with them all their reliques, including the body of Odoric, which was accompanied in solemn pro- cession by all the civil and ecclesiastical authorities, headed by the lieutenant of the Venetian Republic, to its new
^ According to the process just quoted this elevation of the body above the ground was one of the honours paid to a beatified or canonised person.
2 Venni, p. 29.
Altar containing Odoric's remains
BIOGRAPPIICAL NOTICES Ip
resting place in the church of the " Beato Vergine del Carmelo\" The Franciscan Convent was also suppressed in the days of the first Napoleon, and the church was then made over to parochial use. Odoric still lies there, but shorn of his sepulchral glories. Whether to facilitate the removal, or by accident during that operation, the sarco- phagus was broken up, and never again put together as such. Portions have, however, been built into an altar dedicated to Odoric, and within this his coffin is deposited". I could hear nothing of the other reliques, such as fragments of an iron girdle, portraits, etc., which existed in the last century, before the removal of the convent. But the body is there still, and is still exposed, on every fourth recurrence of his festival, to the eyes of the congre- gation. Had I but known this when at Udine, perhaps my Protestant eyes also might have been permitted (for a consideration) to behold the very corpus beatum whose hands had presented the Grand Cham with a trencher full of apples, and whose stout heart carried him chaunting the Credo through the Valley Perilous ! It is perfect, they say, except one leg, which was frittered away in reliques ; Pordenone obtaining a tibia, and Villa Nova an ankle-bone.
^ It is now called both the " Carmine" and " San Pietro." [Chiesa del Carmine e San Pietro, 49 Via Aquilea.]
2 The information as to the past in this paragraph has been kindly supplied by Dr Vincenzo Joppi of Udine.
The altar of Odoric is the second on the left as you enter the church. [I have given in the French edition full particulars of the various transfers of Odoric's body to its last resting place in the Carmelite Church where I saw it in 1881 ; I think it unnecessary to reproduce these details here ; they are accompanied by a number of illustrations.] It bears the following inscription, whatever may be the meaning thereof :
+ "Altare hoc Omnipotent! Deo
In honorem B. Odorici Con : erectum
privilegio quotidiano perpetuo ac libero
pro omnibus defunctis ad quoscumq : sacerdotes
vigore Brevis Benedicti Papae xiv.
die iv. Octobris mdcclii insignitum
atque a Ministro Generali Ordinis
die X. mensis Maij mdcclui designatum." +
20 ODORIC OF PORDENONE
The virtues of the Odorician reliques were still in high esteem in the last century, if they be not now. Venni assures us that in his day Polvere del B. Odorico was (like the James's powders of our youth) potent in fevers, and in demand as far as Florence.
Odoric seems to have been the subject of a good deal of bad verse in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the chief perpetrators being, in the latter age, John Baptist Gabelli, priest of Villa Nova, and in the former Girolamo Monteniani or Montignac, a zealous devotee, and syndic of the convent in Udine. This gentleman had the convent copy of the Friar's travels, with the documents about his miracles, etc., re-transcribed at his own expense in 1542. His hymns to Odoric are chiefly composed of prayers for his own unbounded comfort and prosperity.
" Da nunc Alme tuis, da mihi jugiter Pacem, Divitias, Saecula Nestoris !"
is but a sample of the demands he makes upon his local divus'^.
As there seems to be no doubt of the date of the sculptures which originally formed part of the sarcophagus, we have in them representations of our traveller erected in the year following that of his death, and executed by no incompetent hand. There are, or were, no less than three effigies of him upon the sarcophagus, and at least two of these remain upon the altar where his body now lies-. One of these represents him preaching to a crowd of Indians; in the other, he is being lowered into the tomb by the hands of the Patriarch, the Gastald, and the Brethren of the Order. In these two the heads are fairly
1 Some of these verses, including that here quoted, are given in the Vita e Viaggi of Asquini.
2 Possibly the third, but if so it escaped my notice. Unluckily my visit to Udine was on a local festival, when a constant succession of masses was going on in the church, and I had barely time to make the sketch given further on between two of them.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES 21
like each other; both presenting a bluff, benevolent, Socratic countenance, but they are certainly suggestive of sixty years rather than forty-six.
Another statuette stands in the church of his native parish of Villa Nova. It is of higher style than the sculptures at Udine, but of so much later date that it can have no authority as a likeness. The work was ascribed by the parish priest to an artist called Pilacorte, who carved the doorway of the Duomo at Pordenone^ It stands above the altar, paired with a corresponding statuette of St Udalric, Bishop of Augsburg, patron of the church. There are some splendid fresco heads of prophets and apostles overhead, remains of the work of John Antony Sacchiense, called Pordenone, which once covered the choir.
In the early part of the last century, there were extant other old effigies of Friar Odoric. One, in an altar piece which stood in the sacristy of the convent church, was said to have been painted only twenty-four years after his death-. And Venni says there was a portrait of him in the Loggia of the Parliament of Friuli^
Engravings of him, of course, can have no value except as they approach the old sculptures. There is one good vigorous woodcut in the old Italian style, purporting to be the Vera B. Odorici Effigies, in the Historia SeraphiccE Religionis of Petrus Rodulphius*. And Gabelli is said to have published a print of the " very old image of the Beatus preaching to the Indians and other barbarians, which is found in the church of S. Udalric at VillanovaV This would seem to be different from the work of Pilacorte. Gabelli's works will be noted below; but I have not
^ John Antony Pilacorte was a native of Spilimbergo in Friuli. Many of his works exist in the churches of Pordenone ; and the font as well as the doorway of the Cathedral are his work. The latter bears the date 151 1. There is no Friulan sculptor known byname of earlier date than 1428. {Maniago, Storia delle belle Arti Friulaiie^ Udine, 1823, pp. 158-9, 201.) ^ Asquini, p. 214.
■' Veufii, p. 29. * Venice, 1586, p. 125. '' Acta Sanctorum, 1. c.
22 ODORIC OF PORDENONE
succeeded in finding any of them, nor do I know which has this engraving.
Some of the Franciscan authors assert that Odoric, besides his itinerary, left behind him various sermons and epistles^ but if so, no one seems to know anything about them. Wadding, in the Annates Minorum, also repeatedly quotes as the work of Odoric a chronicle extending from the beginning of the world to the death of Pope John XXII "- ; forgetting, it would seem, that the pope survived the saint three years. Indeed, the notion that the work was written by Odoric seems to have been altogether unfounded. This chronicle is the manuscript cited in the account of Jor- danus^ as Liber de ^tatibus, formerly at Rome, but now in the Bibl. Nationale at Paris. From it Wadding derived the interesting letters of Montecorvino, Jordanus, and Andrew Bishop of Zaitim, which are given in the present collection; Sbaralea considers that the real author of the book was probably another Minorite, John of Udine, other- wise of Mortiliano, who died in Friuli in 1363, and who wrote a work called Pantheon, supposed to be lost^
Very recently another work has been published in Germany as Odoric's^ on the authority of the closing paragraph of the manuscript from which it is printed : " Istud scripsit f rater Odoricus de Foro lutii, ciini remeasset de partibus infidelium ad siiam. provinciam, anno Domini MoCCC°XXXo temporibus domini lohannis pape XX 11." This is a manuscript of the fifteenth century in the Berlin library, entitled De Terra Sanctd, consisting of short chapters, containing a detailed itinerary in Palestine with
^ Acta Sanctorum, 1. c.
2 See Annates Minorum, torn, vi and v\\, passim.
3 See Preface to English Jordanus, p. v.
* In the work cited above (at p. 8), p. 443.
^ See Peregrinatores Medii jEvi Quatuor, Lipsiae, J. C. Hinrichs, 1864; edited hy J. C. M. Laurent, and containing Itineraries in the Holy Land by Burchardus de Mte. Sion, Ricold of Monte Croce, this Pseudo-Odoric, and Wilbrand of Oldenburg,
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES 23
the distances, etc., and is of very little interest. It ends with a chapter on " Machomet " of a short denunciatory kind. I do not believe the book to be Odoric's\ It is, oi coMrse, possible that he returned from the East through Palestine, as we are ignorant of his route from Tibet west- ward. But there is no hint whatever of his having visited that country, either in his own narrative, or in the bio- graphies. And there is not the slightest likeness in the manner of the two books.
The numbers of manuscripts of Odoric's narrative that have come down to us from the fourteenth century show how speedily his work was spread abroad, and how popular it must have been. In the next century it is easy to trace the use made of his narrative in the great map of Fra Mauro at Venice.
Liruti speaks of Odoric's " love of letters and science," whilst Meinert calls him "one of the most learned of his Order^" — the Order that had produced, in one little country only, such men as Occam, Dans Scotus, and Roger Bacon ! These statements are even more preposterous than the very opposite view expressed by the editors of that meritorious collection called Astley's Voyages, when they say of Odoric's narrative in the unpleasant tone of the last century, " This is a most superficial relation, and full of lies.... In short, it seems plain from the names of places and other circum- stances that he never was in those countries (China and Tartary), but imposed on the public the few informations he had from others, mixed with the many fictions of his own." Whilst in the Index to the work he fares as ill, his name being thus entered : " Oderic, Friar, Travels of, IV, 620 a. A great Liar. Ibid!'
^ There is a MS. of '■'' Oderici de F. Jiilii Descripiio Terrce Saiictcc!'' also in the Basel Public Library {Haenel^ Catalogi Libr. AfSS., etc., p. 545). [See further on, p. 58, No. 49. It is a MS. of the genuine narrative of Odoric]
2 In his Essay on Marignolli ; see Introduction to that Traveller's notices in this collection.
24 ODORIC OF PORDENONE
It is evident, however, from the formal affidavit which Odoric was called on to append to his narrative, as well as from the tenor of the apologies of his ecclesiastical bio- graphers, that many of his tales were considered to try the faith of readers, even of his own time, and of his own cloth since. Thus Henry of Glatz in the note appended to his transcript of Odoric, declares that if he had not heard such great things of Odoric's perfections and sanctity, he could scarcely have credited some of his stories^ Wadding, with scepticism scarcely disguised, says that much in the book will seem incredible, unless the holy character of the narrator find belief or force it^ And Asquini is reduced to plead that so saintly a man would never have told what was untrue, much less have taken his oath to it as Odoric has done^ !
It is true indeed that our friar is not merely undis- criminating in the acceptance of what he has heard, but also sometimes looser in his statements of what he relates, or professes to relate, from actual experience, than other travellers of his day such as Jordanus and MarignoUi. But this seems to come rather from the fact that Odoric is a man of inferior refinement, both morally and intel- lectually, than that he introduces wilful figments ; whilst the notes attached to his narrative will prove I trust how certainly they are the footsteps of a genuine traveller that we are following. And in judging him we must not forget the disadvantages under which his story labours in coming to us by dictation, or mainly so, and that a dictation ac- complished in illness*, and taken down by a friar of probably still less literature than his own^.
^ In Acta Sanctoruin.
^ '"'' Nisi fidem exstriiat vel extorqueat sanctitas aucto7'is." ^ Vita e Viaggi, p. 13.
* '•'• Dumjaceret injirinus^'' says Wadding after some older writer. 5 It is singular that the narratives of Marco Polo, Odoric, Nicole Conti, and Ibn Batuta, the four most remarkable Asiatic itineraries
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES 25
I must, however, after the examination of a considerable number of versions and MSS., entirely reject the notion put forward so positively by Tiraboschi\ and accepted by later writers, that Odoric's narrative has been largely interpo- lated with lying wonders by medieval editors and copyists. Though there are great differences of expression in the various MSS., and some unaccountable ones of fact, the substance of all the chief MSS. is the same, and especially in regard to the principal difficulties ; whilst some of the stories that Tiraboschi brands as interpolations and fictions, are indeed the very seals of truths
It may be well here to point out a few of those passages which stamp Odoric as a genuine and original traveller. He is then the first European who distinctly and un- doubtedly mentions the name of Sumatra. He also (though on this the variety of readings may cast a shade of doubt) mentions the Rejang of the same island, a people not known to Europe otherwise for centuries after his time. The cannibalism and community of wives which he
of the middle ages, should all have come down to us under the disadvantages of dictation.
^ See Sforia della Letteratiira Italuina, Modena, 1789, v, pp. 124- 129.
2 I am excluding here those few Italian MSS. which are classified below as the fourth type of versions of Odoric. Som.e remarks will be made on them separately.
One of the examples of interpolation adduced by Tiraboschi is Odoric's account of the Tulsi trees before the doors of the Hindus, a passage, apparently, a little obscured by the misapprehension of the scribe. Another is the statement about the king of Champa's having fourteen thousand elephants, the printed version in Ramusio giving only fourteen. But here it is certain that it is the Ramusian version which has dropt the M, and not the others which have interpolated it. The region in question is the very metropolis of elephants, and for Odoric to have said that the king kept fourteen elephants would have been a ludicrous bathos.
On the other hand the real difficulties of Odoric's story are the accounts of the Islands of Nicoverra and Dondin, and the Passage through the Terrible Valley, with, perhaps, one or two more. The former of these are found in all the versions of Odoric, and the latter in all but the truncated narrative which we call here the Minor Ramusian.
26 ODORIC OF PORDENONE
attributes to certain races in that island do certainly be- long to it, or to islands closely adjoining. And it is to be remembered that Odoric travelled with neither the scepti- cism of a man of science nor the experience of a man of the world. His good faith is indicated if his stories are those really current about the places which he visited. His description of sago in the Archipelago is not free from errors, but they are the errors of an eyewitness. His mention of the annoyance from leeches in the forests of Ceylon, and of a two-headed bird in that island, are shown to be the notes of a real visitor ; so is his whole account of southern China. His notices of the custom of fishing with cormorants, of the habits of letting the finger-nails grow long, and of compressing the women's feet, as well as of the division of the Khan's empire into twelve provinces, with four chief Vizirs, are peculiar to him, I believe, among all the European travellers of the age. Polo mentions none of them. The names which he assigns to the Chinese post- stations, and to the provincial Boards of Administration ; the technical Turki term which he uses for a sack of rice, &c., &c., are all tokens of the reality of his experience.
No two versions or MSS. that I have compared are exactly alike, and in all there are considerable differences of expression, difficult to account for unless we suppose that the practice in multiplying copies of such works was not to attempt verbal transcription, but merely to read over a clause, and then write down its gist in such language as came uppermost. Yet why should a practice have applied to the transcription of these narratives different from that which applied to the multiplication of the classics ?
But apart from the slighter differences of expression and the accidental omissions which may be supposed thus to arise, the various versions of Odoric's story appear to divide themselves into four distinct types.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES 2/
The first type is probably that which comes nearest to Odoric's actual dictation, or would do so if we had really good MSS. of it. It is represented by the Latin MS. in St Mark's library (No, 45 of the list below), and by the copious extracts which are given in the Acta Sanctorum from another MS. transcribed at Avignon the year after Odoric's death, by Henry of Glatz, a Silesian Franciscan. These copies make no mention of William of Solagna, but have two postscripts appended. The first, written by Friar Marchesino of Bassano, adds as a supplementary story, from his own recollection of Odoric's conversation, an anecdote^ which the other versions introduce as part of the dictated narrative. The second postscript relates briefly the circumstances of the traveller's death.
The second type is that from which Venni published, and is that of the best existing MSS. both Latin and Italian, so far as I have seen them. It differs from the first in the points just noticed, and ends with a postscript, in which William of Solagna declares himself to have been the amanuensis of the traveller, whilst he, or some other, also records Odoric's death.
The third type is that of the MSS. in the British Museum (Nos. 5 and 7 below), of which one was pub- lished and translated by Hakluyt. These MSS. also contain the postscript of W. of Solagna, but they differ a great deal from those of the two preceding types in expression, often substituting passages of more diffuse phraseology, which are in fact glosses on the narrative, but are often quite erroneous in the turn they give to the meaning.
The fourth type is that which appears in what is
^ There is a freshness and simple picturesqueness about this little story which suggests the notion that perhaps Odoric was a higher style of man than we see him through the penmanship of "William de Solagna ; and that the tone of the latter scribe may have deteriorated the rest of the narrative.
28 ODORIC OF PORDENONE
quoted hereafter as the Minor Ramitsian version. For Ramusio, or the editor who took up his work after his deaths without preface or explanation gives two versions of Odoric's narrative, the second being much shorter than the first, and exhibiting some remarkable differences from it, whilst at the same time it contains some additional touches which carry with them a strong stamp of genuine- ness. I know of only two copies partaking of this type besides that printed in Ramusio, the original of which seems not to have been traced. These two are both at Florence, one a truncated copy in the Riccardian library, and the other in the Palatine ; both in Italian. This last has some remarkable differences from the version of Ramusio, and is much fuller in the latter part, as if completed from a version of the first type.
The extracts given below from Latin copies of the first three types, and from a most careful Italian MS. at Venice, will illustrate what has been said of their variations in expression, though it is difficult to select one passage which shall well show the peculiarities of each.
From the version of Henry de From Venni's published Text Glatz in the Acta Sanctorum. iji Elogio Storico del B.
Odorico.
" Deinde magnas duas sportas "Tunc ergo duos magnos mas-
accepit plenas, quae mensse su- tellos accepit pianos hiis que
perfuerant fragmentorum, et superfuerant menssa ; at apari-
aperta porta nos in quoddam ens cuiusdam viridarii portam in
viridarium introduxit. Erat ipsum intravimus. In hoc viri-
autem in eo monticulus quidam dario est monticulus quidam
planus arboribus amcenis : ac- planus arboribus amenis. Ac-
captoque vno tintinnabulo coe- cepit ergo timpanum quamdam
pit pulsare. Ad cujus sonitum quem pulsare capit ; ad cuius
1 Ramusio himself died in 1557, after having published only the first (1550) and third (1556) volumes of his Navigationi. The second volume came out under the editorship of the printer, Thomas Giunti, in 1559, but Odoric did not appear therein till the publication of the second edition in 1574. {D'Avesac in Rec. de Voyages^ iv.)
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES
29
mox animalia multa et diuersa de illo monticulo descenderunt, sicut essent simige, cati,...et plura alia, et qusedam quae fa- ciemhominisvidebantur habere. Et cum videremus de bestiis vsque ad tria millia circa ipsum ordinate conuenisse, ille paro- psides posuit, et illis sportis secundum naturse suge...dis- tribuit illis cibum. Et cum comedissent, iterum cymbalum pulsans, animalia ad loca pro- pria remeabant. Ego autem multlim ridens illi seni dixi : Edissere mihi, quid ista signi- ficent," etc. [P. 990.]
From Manuscript in British Museum {No. 7 below).
"Tunc accepit ille religiosus duo magna vasa fragmentis quae superaverant de mensa repleta, et duxit me ad unam cujusdam viridarii parvam por- tam. Quam cum clave aperiens viridarium intravimus illo simul. In illo autem viridario erat unus monticulus amoenis herbis et arboribus plenus. Sub quo dum ad invicem staremus, ipse unum cimbalum accepit et ilium incepit percutere et pul- sare. Ad cujus sonitum multa animalia varia et diversa, aliqua ut simise, aliqua ut cati et may- mones, et aliqua faciem homi- nis habentia, de illo monticulo descenderunt. Et dum sic
sonum multa animalia varia et diversa de hoc monticulo de- scenderunt, sicut sunt symie gati maymones, et multa alia animalia que faciem habebant humanam, que erant circa tria millia. Que circa se apta- verunt ad se invicem ordinata. Dum autem sic circa ipsum ordinata manerent, parassides possuit ante ilia et sicut com- petebat eis comedere dabat. Que dum comedissent cim- balum pulsare cepit ; et sic ad loca sua cuncta reversa sunt. Tunc multum ridere cepi, di- cens : Dicas quid hoc indicare velht?" etc. [P. 69.]
From Italian MS. in St Mark's Library {No. 63 belozv).
" Et allotta tolse duo grandi bigonci di quello che gl' era avanzato da desinare, et aperse la porta d' uno giardino per la quale noi entramo in quello giardino. Et in quello era un monticello pieno d' alberi di- lettevoli. Et stando cosi et egli tolse uno cembalo e cominciollo a sonare. Al suono del quale molti e diversi animali di quello monticello discesono, fatti a modo di simie ghatti maimoni e molti altri animali et quali avenno faccia d' uomo. Et es- sendo venuti cosi questi animali ch' erano apresso di iii'", et or- dinatamente s' acconciorono in- torno a costui, et essendo cosi
30 ODORIC OF PORDENONE
staremus animalia ilia bene intorno cestui egli mise le sco-
cciii millia se circa ipsum apta- delle dinanzi di loro, e davagli
verunt ad invicem ordinata. mangiare come si conveni. Et
Quibus sic circum ipsum ordi- quando ebbono mangiati egli
natis et positis ipse paropsides cominci5 a sonare il cembalo,
ante ea posuit et ut competebat et tutti ritornavano agli lor
comedere eis dabat. Et cum luoghi. Et io vedendo cosi
comedissent cymbalum suum queste cose cominciai a ridere
iterum percussit et omnia ad dicendo : Dimmi che vuole di-
loca propria redierunt. Tunc mostrare questo ? " etc. admiratus quse essent animalia ista, quasi ridendo multum in- quisivi," etc.
The differences exhibited by the Italian copies of the fourth type are much more perplexing. Many of these differences either show marked character which looks genuine, or contain true information not contained in the other versions, so that I am strongly inclined to believe that the basis of this type of narrative has been a genuine document, and very possibly one written by Odoric himself, prior to the dictation of his longer story at Padua. But it bears also traces of having passed through ignorant hands which have misrendered the narrative put into them. In a note below I give examples of what is meant under each of the characteristics that have been named \
The greatest difficulty in the whole of Odoric's narrative lies in his account of the Islands of Nicoverra and Dondin,
1 I. Statements and peculiarities in the MiNOR Ramusian Versioti of Odoric that have a look of genuine character^ whether true or not. I. The assertion that Odoric commenced his travels in 131 8. 2. The repeated oaths {per lo vero Iddio) to the truth of the statements. 3. The story of a convent of loose women at Erzrum. 4. The Description of the Sandy Sea. 5. Description of a Marriage at Baghdad, and of another at Tana in India. 6. Comparison of the crowds in China to those in Venice on Ascension Day, etc.
11. Statements of true or probable circumstances, not found in the Latin copies, i. Says nothing of going abroad for love of souls, but merely that he went with leave of his superiors. 2. Mentions mines of copper [and silver] near Trebizond. 3. Mentions that snow covers two-thirds of Ararat and renders it inaccessible. 4. Mentions Minorite
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES 3I
and the manner in which these are introduced in the longer versions of his story.
In the minor version of Ramusio no mention is made of Malabar or Maabar, though many particulars regarding the continent of India, which in the longer versions are con- nected with those two countries, are in the shorter embraced in the account of Tana.
Moreover the Minor Ramusian mentions intermediately between India and China only the islands of Nicoverra and Dondin, whereas the longer versions speak in detail of Sumatra, Java, Thalamasin (certainly a part of the Archi- pelago), and Champa. After Champa China should naturally follow ; but here come in quite anomalously Nicoverra and Dondin, and between them Ceylon, which does not appear at air in the Minor Ramusian.
The only probable suggestion I can offer in explanation of this state of things is that the original incomplete sketch which forms the substance of the Minor Ramusian, whether written or dictated by Odoric, was handed over to the amanuenses to aid them in the redaction of the longer narrative, and that they interpolated this part about Nico- verra, Sic, where they thought most convenient.
This notion is somewhat strengthened by the following circumstance. Under Malabar, in the longer narrative, the practice of Suttee is thus mentioned : " If the dead man had a wife, they burn her alive with him, saying that she
convent at Tauris. 5. [Mentions crossing Fiume Rosso (Araxes) before reaching Tauris.] 6. Locates the Wise Men of the East at Sabba instead of at Kashan, as the other copies do. 7. [The Sumpit or Blow-pipe in the Eastern Archipelago], etc.
III. Instances of ignorant alterafiott or interpolation, i. Emperor of Constantinople substituted for Emperor of Trebizond, near the beginning. 2. Raisins of Yezd called very big., instead of very little, as in the other copies. 3. Houses in China said to be eight or ten stories high. 4. Assertion that he saw the plant called the Tartar Lamb, etc.
The references in brackets are to the copy in the Palatine Library at Florence.
32 ODORIC OF PORDENONE
should abide with her husband in the other world." And again the same version, in concluding the account of Champa, says : " When a married man dies in this country his body is burnt, and his wife is burnt alive along with him ; for they say that she should go with her husband, to keep him company in another world." And this is immediately followed by the account of Nicoverra.
Now a reference to the translation will show that the passage about Suttee in Champa comes in inappropriately, after the author had apparently done with that country. And I do not think we have any reason to believe that Suttee was practised in Champa or Cambodia, countries whose Indian religion seems to have been Buddhism and not Brahmanism^ The last extract, therefore, I conceive, may have been merely a portion of the shorter narrative relating to India Proper, which was accidentally interpo- lated into the longer narrative along with the account of Nicoverra and Dondin. And its appearance confirms in some degree my suggestion as to the fact of this interpola- tion. Other and minor difficulties or exaggerations are, I dare say, to be accounted for by accidents of dictation, and must not be judged too hardly. For instance, the narrative says that Odoric saw at Champa a tortoise as big as the dome of St Anthony's at Padua. The Friar, be it remembered, was in the convent of St Anthony, when he dictated the story ; perhaps lying ill, as some of his biographers assert. He tells William de Solagna that he saw a very big tortoise. ' How big .'' ' quoth Gulielmo all agape ; ' Was it as big as the dome yonder ? ' ' Well, yes,' says the sick traveller, perhaps without turning to look, and certainly without making a very accurate comparison, ' I dare say it might be.' And down it goes in regular
^ I find, however, since writing the above, that the Somviario de' Regni in Ramusio ascribes the practice of suttee to the people of Cambocha. i^Ramiisio^ i, 336.) [Cremation was practised in Champa; see note to Chapter xxiii.]
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES
33
narration : " Vidi ibi tesUidinem majorein revolutione trulli esrlesiae Sancti Antonii de Padiia^
o
Odoric's credit was not benefited by the liberties which Sir John Mandeville took with his narrative. Because ignorance formerly accused Herodotus and Marco Polo of multiplying falsehoods, the fashion of " rehabilitation " would extend itself too widely, and try to cover also such writers as Ferdinand Mendez Pinto and Mandeville. No one, of course, could regard Mandeville as throughout writing bond fide ; but he has been treated by respectable authorities as if he had really travelled in the far East.
Domes of St Anthony's at Padua
Now the fact is that the substance of his travels to the Indies and Cathay is entirely stolen from Odoric, [and other writers] 1, though largely amplified with fables from Pliny and other ancients, as well as from his own imagina- tion, and garnished with his own wonderfully clear astro- nomical notions.
These coincidences were so obvious to former ages that Mandeville is, I think, said to have been termed on his tomb, Odorici Conies"-^ whilst the MS. of Odoric in the
^ [See French edition of Odoric, pp. xlix-lii ; and our note in the third edition of Mai'co Polo^ ll, pp. 598-605.]
2 This phrase is from the book De Orbis situ ac descriptionc, quoted § 114 of the Pf^elimtttaty Essay.
C. Y. C. -l
34 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES
library of Mentz Cathedral entitles the latter, " Socius Militis Meiidavilir Sir Thomas Herbert, too, calls Odoric "travelling companion of .our Sir John,"
I subjoin in a note details which will give an idea of the extent of these wholesale robberies^ Naturally Mande- ville has often misunderstood what he appropriates, and that in a way which shows that he never travelled in the countries spoken of; of this many instances might be given if it were worth while. He is crafty enough now and then to suggest the probability of his having travelled in company with Odoric, and having thus shared his experiences. For in- stance he says, in describing the Perilous Valley (which loses nothing in his telling), that there were with him " two worthy men. Friars of Lombardy, who said that if any man would enter they would go in with us." (p. 269.)
Indeed his borrowings are so large, and date from a
1 The following passages of Odoric are appropriated bodily by Mandeville. i. The notice of Trebizond, and that of the body of Athanasius there. {Mand., p. 202.) 2. The account of Erzrum (p. 203). 3. About Ararat, and including the difficult name of Sobissacalo {ib.). 4. Notices of Cassan and the Three Kings ; of the Sandy Sea ; of Comum or Cornaa and its ruins ; and the land of Job (p. 205). 5. Of the Tower of Babel, and the dress of the men and women of Chaldsea (p. 206). 6. Of Ships without nails (with the addition of the legend of the loadstone rocks) (p. 211). 7. Notice of Thana (called Ghana) ib. 8. AH about Malabar, and the pepper, &c., with fictions added (pp. 213-14). 9. The odd passage of Odoric, about the women drinking and shaving, is repeated (p. 215). 10. Notice of Mabar ; but giving the city of St Thomas the name of Calamy (the Calamina of ecclesiastical tradition) which is not used by Odoric {ib.). II. Voyage to Lamori, &c. ; Notices of Sumatra, Java, Sago- making, &c. (pp. 218-223). 12. Notice of Champa, with Odoric's stories of shoals of fish, of 14,000 elephants, &c., and fictions of his own added (pp. 224-5). ^3- T^^ accounts of Nicoverra, Ceylon, and Dondin, and all out of place just as in Odoric (pp. 226-8). 14. The whole account of Manzi and Cathay, &c., &c. It might be worth while if I had time and space to try to trace all the originals which Mandeville stole from. I suspect the knight would come out of the process almost in his buff. A large part is taken from Haiton, and something from Piano Carpini [and from Vincent de Beauvais, Jacques de Vitry, Boldensel]. It inigJit even prove on examination that his minute account of the Holy Land, the best part of his book, is stolen likewise. (The preceding references are to Bohn's edition of Mande- ville.) [See Warner's edition, Westminster, 1889, and my note in Marco Polo., 11, p. 602.]
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES 35
time so nearly contemporary with Odoric, that his readings of the proper names have some positive value for collation, and have occasionally suggested amendments of the text, which in some instances have afterwards been confirmed by superior MSS. of Odoric, and in others still need that corroboration \
DECRETUM Utinen. canonizationis
BEATI ODORICI MATTHIUSSI
Sacerdotis Professi Ordinis Minorum S. Francisci.
Admissa ad relationem Eminentissimi et Reverendissimi Domini Cardinalis Prosperi Columnae de Sciarra Ponentis a Sacrorum Rituum Congregatione Ordinaria, ex dispensatione Apostolica absque interventu Consultorum, habita die 14. Aprilis 1753- Commissione Introductionis Causae Canonizationis prae- dicti Beati Odorici Matthiussi Sacerdotis Professi Ordinis Minorum Sancti Francisci, illaque subinde die 25. ejusdem Mensis, et Anni a Sanctissimo Domino Nostro BENEDICTO PAPA XIV. manu propria signata cum in ejus executionem instante Patre Fratre Laurentio Ganganelli ejusdem Ordinis Minorum Sancti Francisci Conventualium Postulatore, propositum fuerit ab eodem Eminentissimo Ponente in Sacrorum Rituum Congrega- tione Ordinaria, atque discussum Dubium : An Sententia lata per Eininentissimum, et Reverendissimum Ordinariuni Utinensevi super Cultii ab immemorabili tempore praedicto Beato praestito., sive casu
' Thus I first got the true name of the city Chiienfit (see § 34 of Odoric) instead of Chileso, Chilerapha, &c., from Mandeville, though I have since found it in MSS. of Odoric. And the Cornaa which Mandeville has instead of Comum (see § 3) has suggested another reading and identification.
Old Purchas's judgment of the relative claims of the two travellers is most unjust. Mandeville he calls next to Polo, "if next... the greatest Asian traveller that ever the World had"; whilst he has nought but ill to say of " Odericus, a Friar and Traveller, in whom perhaps some Friar hath travelled with him at least in this author [/.t'., Mandeville], whose age was before him, and therefore could not cite anything out of him" [the reverse of the truth]. Purchas's Pi/tiriuis, iii, 65, 137.
36 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES
excepto a Decretis san. mem. Urbani Fapae VIII. sit confirmanda in casu, et ad effectum., de quo agitur. Sacra eadem Congregatio praevio mature examine Processus informativi super praefato casu excepto in Civitate Utinen. ab Eminentissimo et Reveren- dissimo Ordinario ejusdem Civitatis constructo, ac audito R. P. D. Benedicto Veterani Fidei Promotore, qui suam sententiam scripto exposuit, rescribendum censuit : Affirmative, si Sanctissimo Domino Nostro placuerit. Die 14. Junii 1755. Et facta deinde per me infrascriptum Secretarium de praedictis eidem Sanctissimo Domino Nostro relatione, Sanctitas Sua benigne annuit. Die 2. Julii ejusdem Anni 1755.
D. F. Card. Tamburinus Praefedus. Loco "t" Sigilli.
M. Marefuscus Sac. Hit. Cong. Secretarius^.
FUNERALS OF BEATO ODORICO.
We give an account of the funeral expenses of our traveller from Dr V. Joppi, of Udine ; it was printed by Domenichelli, pp. 397-9, and reprinted with the corrections of Dr Joppi in the Introduction of the French edition of Odoric, pp. LX— lxiii.
Ex Qiiadernis Camerariorum Comunis terrae Utini, torn. X ; in copia presso la Biblioteca Civica di Udine, Collez. Fabrizio.
MCCCXXXI. Expense Sepulture Beati Fratris Odorici.
Die XV mensis januarij, dedit de mandato dni Gastaldionis et Consilij pro solutione Casse in qua fuit primo Beatus Frater Qdoricus repositus. . . . denarios xvj.
Item, Pro Clavis positis in spangata facta in dicta Ecclesia occasione predicta. ..... dnr. xvj.
Item, Dedit illis qui vigilaverunt Beatum Fratrem Odoricum, et fecerunt sepulturam ejus. . . . . dnr. xij.
Item, Magistro Nicolao Marangono, pro lignamine, agutis et vino expenditis per ipsum cum sociis suis, de mandato Andreottis et Federici notarii olim diii Galvagni, deputatorum de man- dato Consilii, fort, tres, et dnr. ij Aquilegenses.
1 Venni, pp. 32-33.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES 37
Item, Pro seratura posita ad spaltum Sepulture Fratris Odorici.
dnr. xij. Item, Pro duobus doplerijs et candellis emptis per predictos
Andreottum et Federichum ad dictum opus faciendum.
dnr. xxiiij. Item, Magistro Nicolao Marangono pro se et sociis suis et aliis
qui laboraverunt ad dictum opus, pro labore suo. dnr. Lviiij. Item, Pro solutione secunde Casse in qua repositus fuit Frater
Odorichus, et pro assidibus emptis que posite fuerunt super
Sepultura corporis Beati Fratris Odorici. . dnr. xxviij.
Item, Dedit pro conducturis assidum et lignorum positorum in
spalto ante dicto. ...... dnr. iiij.
Item, Pro lastra sive lapide empto a presbitero Martino, qui
repositus fuit super sepulturam corporis Fratris Odorici,
mediam marcham defiar. Item, Pro uno doplerio empto pro opera supradicta. dnr. xviij. Item, Marcho qui laboravit circa spaltatam predictam. diir. iij. Item, Pro vino dato laboratoribus qui laboraverunt ad spaltatam.
dnr. ij. Item, Zinando Marangono, qui fecit spaltatam ante altare majus
et iuxta altare apud ejus sepulcrum. . . dnr. xvj. Item, Marcho qui iuvit dictum Magistrum laborari ad dictam
spaltatam. ....... dnr. iij.
Item, Filio Comassij, qui conduxit calcem et sabolonum pro dicta
sepultura. . . ' dnr. sex.
Item, Menaccio Fabro genero Ortasij pro agutis positis in dicta
opera dnr. x.
Item, Magistro Jacobo Fornesario pro duobus ceuris calcine, et
pro uno curru saboloni positis ad sepulturam predictam.
diir. xij. Item, Magistro Rizardo staderario pro tribus seraturis et ferris
positis ad Arcam Fratris Odorici. . • . dnr. xxxvj.
Item, Magistro Petro Fabro pro agutis positis ad spangatam
factam in dicta Ecclesia, et pro laqueis Arche Fratris
Odorici. diir, xdij.
Item, Magistro Burlo muratori, qui laboravit per unum diem circa
dictum Monimentum Fratris Odorici. . . diir. sex. Item, Dedit pro dimidio miliare de modonibus, et tribus ceuris
de calce emptis a magistro Jacobo Fornesario. dnr. xxxv.
38 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES
I give now the cost of the monument erected in 1332, from Domenichelli, pp. 399-400, corrected by my friend Dr V. Joppi, of Udine.
1332 Ex quadernis Canierarioruin Co?nunis terrae Utini, etc.
Die tertio januarij Benevenuto notario qui exemplavit Miracula Beati Fratris Odorici ad petitionem dfii Gastaldionis de mandato Consilij, marcham unam.
Die X januarij dedit de mandato dfii Gastaldionis et Consilij Wecilo notario ex provisione sibi facta per Consilium pro testimonijs miraculorum que ivit scribendo per provinciam.
marchas iij.
Item, Manfeo dfie Bertoline eadem de causa. . marchas ij.
Item, Diio Meliorantie simili de causa. . . marchas ij.
Mense Aprili. Ratio incastri Beati Fratris Odorici.
Dedit dictus Camerarius magistro Mene Marangono qui laboravit iiij diebus in faciendo incastrum ad Archam Beati Fratris Odorici. ...... denarios xxxvj.
Item, Danieli Marangono de Grazano, qui duobus diebus labo- ravit ad dictum opus. ..... dfir. xij.
Item, Duobus Manualibus, qui eos iuverant in tribus diebus.
drir. xviij.
Item, Romano manuali pro iiij diebus . . dfir. xvj.
Item, Pro uno curru qui duobus diebus laboravit conducendo lignamina et alia. . . . . . dfir. xvj.
Item, Pro vino predictis. ...... dnr. v..
Item, Pro laqueis ferri qui fuerant librarum viij onziarum iij ad dictum opus. ....... dfir. xiij.
Item, Pro faciendo spizari clavos ad dictum opus. dfir. v.
DieXmaij Fratribus Minoribus pro provisione eis facta per dfium Gastaldionem et Consilium. . . . marchas xij.
Item, Dedit luratis et Notario Comunis quando elegerunt homines debentes custodire apud ecclesiam Sancti Francisci in festo translationis beati Fratris Odorici, et apud dfium Gastal- dionem pro potu. ..... diir xvj.
Item, Quibusdam pueris qui iverunt dando scripta per terram electorum predictorum. . . . . . dfir. xij.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES 39
Item, Dedit magistro Philippo de Venetiis qui fecit Archam Beati Fratris Odorici de mandate dni Gastaldionis et Consilij.
soldos X grosser um.
Die XV maij dedit Magistro Rizzardo staderario, qui fecit retem ferream circa Archam Beati Fratris Odorici. marchas ij.
The MSS. of Odoric's Travels scattered over Europe are numerous, as has already been mentioned. Here is a list of those which I have seen personally or found notice of.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A.— LIST OF MSS. OF ODORIC'S NARRATIVE SO FAR AS THEY ARE KNOWN
See the numeration of the MSS. on p. 75.
I.— LATIN MSS. A. — Great Britain. i-i-i-Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, CCLXXV.
Vellum, sm. fol., 2 col., 42 lines, xvth cent. — Contains 21 pieces, of which (13) Itinerarium fratris Odorici ordinisfratriivi rnijiorum de mirahilihus orientalium Tariarorum, fol. 149. Cf. pp. 316-17, Cat. lib. ms. quos Collegio Corporis Christi et B. Mariae Virginis in Acad. Cantab, legavit Rev. in Christo Pater M. Parker, archiep. Cantuariensis, ed. J. Nasmith... Cantab., 1777, 4to. — English handwriting ; the works are written without any interruption of text. — This MS. was marked 1280, 4 (11) of Lib. Ms. Collegii S. Benedicti in the Catalogi, Oxon., 1697, fol— The late Henry Bradshaw wrote to me that this MS. is No. 21 of the collection of books left to Corpus Christi College by Thomas Markaunt, of Cambridge, in 1439 ; ^ catalogue of the whole library will be found in the 4to collection of publications of the Cambridge Antiquaries.
Odoric begins f. 149 : hicipit Itinerarium.... Licet multa etvaria de ritihts et condicionibus huii/s seculi enarrentur a muliis. Ego tamen frater Odoricus de Foro-Iulii de Ptu Vahonis volens ad partes infideliuni transfretare... and ends f. 162: ...qui pulsant
40. BIBLIOGRAPHY
citharas vt homines alliciant intrare et interficianf, Hec de visis certitudinaliter Ego f rater Odoricus hie inscripsi et multa mirabilia omisi ponere quia homines non credidisse?it nisi vidissent. Explicit Itinerarium frat7-is Odorici, etc.
This MS. does not include the supplementary pieces of the other Corpus Christi MS. — The present MS. is probably one to which Yule refers, p. 30, No. 4, in these words : " Asquini in his life of Odoric says that the old MS. of his narrative, which formerly existed in the Convent at Udine, was sold in his own day to an English gentleman passing through Friuli, by the heirs of a priest to whom it had been lent, and he understood that it was preserved in St Benet's College, Cambridge. The MS. in question, however, only dated from 1448 (see Vcjtni, p. 38)."
2-2-2-Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, CCCCVII.
[Yule, No. 4.] — Vellum, 8vo, end of xivth cent. — ^Contains six pieces : i. Itinerarium fratrum Symonis Semeo7iis et Hugonis illuminatoris, ordinis fratrum minorum professorum ad terram sanctam a.d. 1322. — 2. Itinerarium fratris Willelmi de Rubruk de ordine fratrum minoruni anno gratiae MCCLIII ad partes orientates (incomplete at the end). — 3. Itinerarium fratris Odorici ordinis fratriwi minorum de jnirabilibus orientalium Tartarorum. — 4. liber de terrae partibus et diver sis provinciis. — 5. Liber secreti secretorum sive de regimine principum et dominorum ad instantiam Alexandri magni ab Aristotele editus.—-6. Aliud documentum de complexione humana. Cf. Nasmith's Cat., pp. 384-5.
English Handwriting. — Odoric, which is the third of the col- lection^ is from W. of Solagna's version ; two small 4to quires, 6 ff., narrow, on a single column, 30 lines a page. Begins, f. i recto : Incipit ItiJierarius . . . ends f. 21 verso: ...nisi vidissent ; then De honore et reverencia factis dfio Kano. Vnum tamen referam de magno Kane quod vidi. Consuetudo est in partibus illis... then comes De morte fratris Odorici dind ends f. 23 recto ...difficilia ad scribendu77i ; ff. 23 V. and 24 are blank.
This is one of the MSS. used by Francisque Michel and Thomas Wright for their edition of W. of Rubruck. {Rec. Soc. Geog. IV. p. 209) ; they gave a fac-simile. — See pp. xviii-xxiv. The Texts and Versions of John de Piano Carpini and William de Rubruquis .. .edited by C. Raymond Beazley, Lond., Hakluyt Soc, MDCCCCIII, 8vo ; Beazley says it is of the earliest xvth century.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 4I
3— 3-3 -Cambridge, GonviUe and Cains College.
[Yule, No. 5.] — Contains seven pieces : i. Z)e ortu, processu, et actibiis Macho meti s ; 2. Wilhehmis Tripolitanus de statu Sara- cenoru?Ji, et de Machotnete ; 3. Paulus Ve?ietus de co7iditionibus et consuetudinihcs Orieiitalium regionuni; 4. Odoricus de ritibus Orientalium ; 5. Petrus Archiepiscopiis, de Rtissia, et de ortu Tartarorum ; 6. Jtinerarium Hierosolyinitanorum. Ad finem tractatus habetur dimensio sepulchri Doniiiiici; 7, Historia Hiei'o- solyj?iita?ia, et Orient. regio?iu?n. — Cf. No. iioo. 46 oi Lib. MS. Colleg. Caio-Gonvilensis in Cat. lib. ms. Afigliae et Hiberniae in imum colledi, Oxoniae, 1697, fol. — No. 162, pp. 80-1 o{ A Cat. of MS. in the Lib. of GonviUe and Caius College, Cambridge, by the Rev. J. J. Smith, Cambridge, 1849, 8vo. — Marco Polo, 11, p. 533, No. 12.
4-4-4-Middlehill (Worcestershire). — Library of Sir Thomas Phillips, Bart.
[Yule, No. 8.] — JDescribed in 1827 by Haenel, col. 859: " 1789. 650. Palladii Rutilii Tauri j£miliani opus agriculturae ; fr. Oderici de Foro-Lulii, ordinis Minorum, itijierariuni in partibus infideliuin a. ijjt compositum ; saec. xiv. membr. (Ex libris Loannis lulii.y
5-5-5-London, British Miiseum, Royal Collection, 14. C. XIII. [Yule, No. I.] — Handsome fol. vol., vellum. — Incipit itinerariu fris Odrici ordinis frm mion de mirabi^^ Orientd^ Tartard"^. — Contains : Cronica Ranulphi tnonachi Cestrensis, sine Policronico7i. — Praefationes historiographormn. — Llistoria vaticinalis Gyraldi Cambrensis de cotiquestu Hyberniae. — Libellus de mirabilibus scde terrae. — Jtinerarium fratris Odrici de mirabilibus orient. — Ltine- rariutn f'atris Willnii Rubrik de gestis Tartarum .Orient. — Libellus Marcij Pauli de mirabilibus Orient. — Versus Magistri Michaelis Cornubiensis. — Expositio Triuet poemata et histor. tact, in libro Ciuitate Dei. — Odoric's Itinerary begins on f. 21 6- and ends f. 224 verso (9 ff.) ; it seems to be the MS. reproduced by Richard Hakluy t : The second volume of the Principal Navigations, Lond. , 1599) PP- 39~53- Lncipit itinerariimi fratris Odorici fratrum minorum de mirabilibus Orientalium Tartarortim. — Marco Polo, II, p. 530, No. 3. — Beazley, p. xviii, i.
42 BIBLIOGRAPHY
6— 6-6-London, British Museum, Cottonian, Otho, D. I.
[Yule, No. 3.] — One of the MSS. damaged by the fire at Ashburnhani House, Westminster, on the 23d October 1731 ; leaves mounted on sheets of strong paper ; large folio, of course in a very bad state of preservation. — Contains among other pieces : Tractatus Bedae and Rog. Bacon., Ranulphi Cestrensis Poly- chronicon, etc.
7-7-7-London, British Museum, Arundel, No. 13, fol. 38 verso.
[Yule, No. 2.] — Small 4to, vellum, pale ink and much dis- coloured ; 5 1 ff. ; xivth cent. Yule says : " In the earlier part the agreement with the MS. Royal Coll., xiv, C xiii, Brit. Mus., is pretty close ; afterwards the variations are greater. The two MSS. have, however, a great general conformity and marked peculiarities common to both. ' These two MSS. are pronounced on good authority to be of the earlier half of the xivth century, and most probably a short time after the death of the author.' {Majoi^s Preface to Herberstein.) However that may be, they afford a version which has been in some manner and degree tampered with. I have examined this MS. and had a transcript before me."
This is the text of Hakluyt with variants. — In the French edition I gave an heliogravure of the beginning. — Marked in our notes Arund., and B. M. : Odoric (Latin) takes f. 38 — f. 51 verso.
8-8-8— London, British Museum, Ha7-leian, No. 562, f. 22 verso.
Not mentioned by Yule. — Incomplete Latin MS. — Includes with slight modifications the text of Hakluyt from the beginning until the passage in which Odoric relates that he collected the bones of the four Tana Martyrs {^Navigations, 11, pp. 39-43). The MS. then reproduces the paragraph relating to Tana (p. 41 of Hakluyt) until dummodo adhibeattir sibi aqua, when the copy stops at the top of a blank page.
Vellum, 4to ; 30 ff. ; the beginning includes Topographia Urbis Romae ; Odoric begins f. 2 2 verso.
9-9— 9- Oxford, Bodleian Library.
[Yule, No. 6.] Vellum, 8vo, xivth cent. — Codices Digbeiani, No. II, Piece No. 3, f. 44. — This collection includes 31 pieces, 8vo, vellum ; Odoric's relation is followed f. 59* by Carpini's.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 43
Incipit Itinerarium fratris Odorici de ordine Minoriun, appro- batum sub manii notarii piMici, de 7nirabilibus Indie.
Incip. prol. : Novermt universi quorum interest quod quidam frater ordinis Minorum, Odoricus nomine. Incip. liber : Licet multa et varia de condicionibus hujus seculi enarra?itiir a multis. Expl. lib. : — In quibus vivere et mori me dispono, si placuerit Deo meo altissimo. Expl. append. -.—Sed non de omnibus, quia sunt innumerabilia, et mihi difficilia ad scribendum.
Cf. Catalogi Cod, MSS. Bib. Bodleianae Pars nona. Codices a viro clarissimo Kenelm Digby, Eq. Aur., amto 1634 donatos, com- plectens. Confecit G. D. Macray, Oxon., 1883, 4to, p. 7.
10— 10-10- Oxford, Bodleian Library.
[Yule, No. 7.] Codices Digbeiani (cf. Cat. ut supra, p. 166), No. 166, Piece No. 10, f. 36. — Includes 55 pieces folio, vellum, and of the xiith and xivth cent. ; Odoric's relation is followed f. 46 by Epistola Sathane ad ujiiversalem ecclesiam.
Narratio Odorici, fratris Ordinis Minoruj?i, provinciae Padu- anae, de Jtiirabilibus quae vidit in partibus Orientis.
Hie desinit ad finem narrationis martyrii quatuor fratrum Minorum.
ii-ii-ii-Glasgow, Library of the Hunterian Museum.
Vellum, lof X 7I, ff. 340, originally £f. 352, well written in single cols, of 36 lines. — xvth cent. — No. 84. — See A Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library of the Hunterian Museum:., planned ^^...John Y onng. . .co?iti?med .. .by P. Henderson Aitken. — Glasgow, 1908, 4to, pp. 89-90. — Includes six pieces : i. Guido de Colonna's Destruction of Troy ; 2. Julius Valerius' (?) History of Alexander the Greafs Exploits ; 3. Archbishop's Turpin's Itinerary {Exploits of Charlemagne) ; 4. Marco Polo's Travels, a^c. in the East; 5. Friar Odoric ; 6. Sir John de Mandeville's T'mz'd'/i-.
84-5. Frater Odoricus Forojuliensis (Imperfect).
Begins (33, 4 [f. 254 (260)] r". lines 1-3) : L [illuminated initial] Icet multa et varia de ritubus et condicionibus \ huius mundi a multis enarrentur. sciendum est \ tamen quod ego frater Odoricus de foro Julij.
Ends (35, 8 [f. 268 (280)] V". lines 12, 13) : bat sic istc scribebat ad hoc vt onmcs facilius intellegerent que dicerentur. Deo gracias Amen.
44 BIBLIOGRAPHY
i2-i2-i2-GlasgOW, Library of the Hunterian Museum.
Vellum, 8i X 5|, fif. 134, well written in French hand, in single cols, of 27 lines. — xivth cent. No. 458. — See Cat.... of the Hunterian Museum, as above, pp. 378-379. — Includes two pieces: Marco Polo and Odoric.
458-2. Friar Odoric of Pordenone's Travels in Tartary and the East :
Begins (15, i r°. lines 1-6) : Iticipit liber fratris ordorici de faro
Julio de ! ordine nwiorum de viirabilibus tartarorum \ et orien-
talium Regio7ium...\x\x\ix\c\ Q [gilt historiated initial with gestures]
Vamuis alia multa et ua \ na de conditionibus et ritibus \ huius
mundi a multis enar.
Ends (18, 3 v°. lines 20-24) : intelligerentur que dicuntur. Amen \ [one line vacant] | Explicit liber de mirabilibus tartar- orum composittis I a fratre Odorico de foro iulij ordinis fratrum I minoru7?i... \ [one line vacant] | F [ornamental initial with gro- tesque head and wine cup] Inum scribenti : debetis de meliori.
B. — Germany.
13-13-i-Berlin, Royal Library, Latin MS., theol. 4to, No. 131.
[Yule, No. 15.] — Paper MS., pp. 440 ; title on the back : Vitae Sanctorum et alia; xvth cent., says Laurent {Feregrinationes medii aevi quatuor) ; more probably xivth cent. — Ff. i— 17 con- tain a description of the Holy Land supposed to be written by Odoric ; it has been published by Laurent, I.e. ; but it includes also from f. 49 the text of Odoric's Itinerary published by Hakluyt ; it begins : Licet multa, etc. ; the death of Odoric appears on pp. 94-95 ; it is the version of Henry of Glatz ; in the French edition we have given facsimiles of ff. 93, 94 and 95 ; mentioned by Pertz, Archiv, viii, 1843, p. 846; marked in our notes Berlin.
14-14-2-Bremen, Stadtbibliothek, MS. b. 2.
[Yule, No. 22.] — xivth cent., parchment, 4to, bound in vellum ; pale yellow ink. Contains : I. Hist. SS. triicm regum. — II. Nobili viro domino suo carissimo domno Engelberto comiti de Marka Leuoldus de Northof... — HI. Fol. in : Lsta in- frascripta sunt mirabilia que vidit frater Odoricus de foro Lulii ordifiis fratru??t Minorum ultra mare et que idem frater ad pre-
BIBLIOGRAPHY 45
ceptum sui provincialis...scribi fecit per...fratrem Guilklmum de Solagna, ejusdem ordinis sub anfio, mense et die infrascriptis. — Licet nmlta et magna de ritibus — — Fol. 135 : Exprimebat. Anno do77iini Millesimo Trecentesimo tregesimo^ de mense Madii padue In loco sancti Antojiii cojifessoris. Nee curavit de latino difficili et ornato set sicut ille enarrabat sic iste scribebat. Ad hoc ut ipsum omnes legentes facilius intelligerent. que dicimtur supra dictus frater Odoricus transiuit de hoc mundo ad deiwi in conuetitu Utini. Anno domini 1330 die 4. lanuarii qui postmodum coruscat miraculis. Amen.
Mentioned by Pertz, Archiv, vii, 1839, p. 700. — 26 ff., long lines.
15-15-3-Breslau, University Library.
Not mentioned by Yule. — Fratris Oderici de Foroiidii itine- rarium. — Pertz, Archiv, xi, 1858, p. 700.
16-16-4— Mentz, Library of the Chapter of the Cathedral,
No. 52, — Incipit Itinerarius fidelis Fratris Oderici, socii Militis Mendavil, per Indiam ; licet hie prius, et alter posterius peregri- nationem suarn descripsit.
^^ Licet multa et 7nagna de ritibus et condicionibus huius mundi enarrentur; tamen sciendum est, qicod ego Frater Odericus de Foro lulii, volens transfretare, et ad partes infidelium dirigere gressus meos, ut fructus aliquos lucrifacerem animarum ; multa, magna, et mirabilia vidi et audivi, que veraciter possum enarrare. Nam primo, cum transirem mare maius, me transtuli ad terram Trapesundam, que Pontus olim vocabatur. Hec terra valde bene situata Q^%l...{quae superflua sunt). In hac eciam terra vidi unum, quod valde placuit michi ; nam vidi hominem secum per- ducentem plus quam quatuor milia perdicum. Iste homo per terram veniebat, perdices vero per aera volabant, iuxta quoddam , castrum quod vocatur Zanega, distans a Trapesunda tribus dietis : He perdices erant huius condicionis et proprietatis : Nam cum ille homo vellet quiescere vel dormire, omnes perdices se ponebant iuxta eum more puUorum gallinarum ; et sic isto modo ducebat eas Trapesundam, usque ad pallacium Imperatoris. Que cum essent ante eum, de eis tot accipiebat quot ipse volebat ; alias autem ad locum a quo ipse prius illas acceperat, perducebat.
" In hac civitate positum est corpus B. Anastasii, qui fecit
4.6 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Symbolum Quicunque vult salvus esse. Inde redii in Armeniam maiorem ad quandam civitatem, que vocatur Arciron, etc., etc."
In fine huius operis : " Ego Frater Odericus de Foro Iiilii, de quadam terra que dicitur sive vocatur Portus Naonis, de Ordine Fratrum Minorum, testificor, & testimonium prebeo Reverendo Fratri et Domino meo Fri Gvvidoco, Provinciali S. Anthonii in Marcha Travisana, cum per eum fuerim requisitus per obedien- ciam, quod omnia que superius scripta sunt, propriis oculis vidi, et quedam audivi a fide dignis, ut predixi. Communis eciam locucio illarum contentarum est, ut ilia que non vidi, non testarer esse vera apud homines, nisi ilia propriis oculis conspexissem. Ego autem de die in diem me preparo ad illas contratas ire, in quibus dispone me mori et vivere, ut illi placuerit, a quo bona cuncta procedunt.
" Predicta autem fideliter Fr. Guilhelmus de Solagna in scriptis redegit, sicut predictus Odericus ore proprio exprimebat. anno Domini MCCCXXX die mensis Maii, Padue, in loco S. Antonii Confessoris, nee curavit de Latino difficili et ornato ; sed, sicut ille sibi narravit, sic ipse scripsit ; ad hoc, ut omnes hec legentes faci- lius intelligerent que dicuntur. Qui Fr. Odericus transivit de hoc mundo ad Deum in Conventu Utini^ anno Dni MCCCXXX, die xiiii lanuarii, qui postmodum choruscat miraculis multis.
" Explicit Itinerarius Oderici^."
This MS. is the second of fol. Lii including : (a) Marco Polo ; (p) Odoric; (c) Ricold; {d) William of Boldensel.
With regard to the text of this voyage, V. F. de G. remarks :
"Nota; iste Fr. Odericus non scripsit libellum hunc de mira- bilibus Asie ; sed ad preceptum superioris sui referente, aliqui Fratres Minores ex ore eius scripserunt. Et inde venit, quod libelli huiusmodi frequenter in aliquibus verbis et clausulis sint differentes ; quia plures scribentes non potuerunt eundem ordinem verborum, pronuntiando, in mente servare, sine aliqua variacione."
I have vainly looked for this MS. at Mentz ; it may have been destroyed in the bombardment of i8th June 1793. — Yule, No. 21. — Marco Polo., 11, p. 549, No. 81.
1 Sylloge I variorvm Diploinatariorvin vwiivnientorvviqve ve- tervm inediiorvin ad/ivc, et res germmiicas in primis vera Mogvntinas illvstraniiv7n...'De.cr&\\t Val. Ferd. de Gvdenvs immed. ordinis eqvestris imperii Circ. Rhen. svper. Francofvrti ad Moenvrn, Anno MDCCXXVIII, 8vo, Voir p. 381/3.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 4/
ij-i'j-^-'Wolfenhiittel, Duca/ Zz^rary, No. 40, Weissembui-g.
[Yule, No. 24.] Latin MS.; paper ; xvth cent.; fol., long lines ; from the abbey of Weissemburg, in Alsace ; seals of the Wolfen- biittel and Paris Libraries ; the foot of the pages is damaged by water. Contains :
(i) ff. 1-57 verso. Marchi Pauli de Venetiis de coiiditumibiis et consuetuditiibiis orietitalium regiotiimi (Pipino's version).
(2) ff. 57 verso-73 verso. Itiiierarius frafris Oderici per Indiam.
Begins : Iticipit itinerarins fidelis fratris Oderici socii militis Matidauil per Indiam. Licet hie prius et alter posteriiis peregri- nacionem suam descripsit. Licet midta et magna de tribiis et co7iditionibus Mdus miindi enarrentiir, etc.
Ends : Qui f rater Odoricus transivit de hoc mundo ad detmi in conventu Utum anno domini millesi7no tricentesimo tricesimo, die decima qiiarta Januarii, qui postmodum choruscat miraculis mtiitis. Explicit itijierarius Oderici.
(3) ff- 73 verso-95. Iti7ierarius Richoldi ordinis fratriwi predicatorum.
(4) .ff. 95-110. Itinerarius nobilis viri Wilhelmi de Beldensele compillatus anno millesimo tricentesimo tricesii7io sexto.
Laurent, Feregrinatores. — Marco Polo, 11, p. 548, No. 74. — ■ In the French ed. of Odoric, a facsimile has been given of the page relating to the Great Khan. — Marked in our notes Wolf. 40.
18-18-6-W^olfenbiittel, Ducal Library, No. 41, Weissemburg.
Not mentioned by Yule ; Latin MS., paper, xvth cent., fol., long lines, at times, text on 2 col. ; same origin as No. 40. Contains :
(i) ff. 1-50. Ciceronis orationes in Verrem.
(2) ff 51-88 verso. Chronicon Flandriae.
(3) ff. 91— 120 verso. Rogerus Bacon, de regio7iibus ad papam Clementem.
(4) ff. 122-160 verso. Marcus Paulas, iti?ierarium de regi- onibus et partibus majoris Asiae.
(5) ff. 160 verso- 1 79. Ricoldi frat. ord. viin. itinerarium.
(6) ff. 179 verso-224. Jacobus de Vitriaco, descriptio terrae sanctae.
48 BIBLIOGRAPHY
(7) ff. 224-235 verso. Itinerarius Odorici.
Begins : Licet nuilta et varia de ritibus et condicionibus hums vmndi narre?tfur. . .
Ends : Predidus f rater Odericus transivit de hoc mundo ad deum in conventu vinci anno domini M°CCC°XXXI, die xiiii Januari. Qui postmodiwi miiltis et magnis miraculis choruscavit. Deo gratias. Explicit itinerarius fratris Oderici de partibus trans- marinis et remocio?-ibus. (Added with a different hand and a small writing: Qui Odericus fidt f rater ordinis minorum.)
(8) ff. 236-253 verso. Johan?tes de Piano Carpino libellus Mongolorum, qui Tartari appellantur, vel de moribus Tartarorum.
The MSS. 40 and 41 Weiss, are bound in calf. — The name of William of Solagna appears in the declaration at the end of both MSS. — A facsimile of the last page of Odoric is given in the French edition. — Marked in our notes Wolf. 41. — Marco Polo, 11, p. 549, No. 75.
C. — Alsace.
19-19-i-Strasburg, University Library.
Oderici ord. minorum itinerariutn a. 1340 (A. VI. 7). Pertz^ Archiv, viii, 1843, p. 461. — Yule, No. 11.
20-20-2-Strasburg, University Library.
Lncipit peregrinacio fratris Odorici de or dine minorum : " /« nomine patris, etc.'''' Paper, s. xv, in-fol.
Pertz, Archiv, viii, 1843, p. 466. — Yule, No. 12.
21— 21-3-Strasburg, Public Library.
MS. 4to: Vita Romoaldi ; Relatio Oderici de terr'is ignotis ; hist, de Alexandra M. ; vita Nic. de Tolentino ; Fr. Petrarca de insigni obedientia et fide uxoria Loan. Boccaccii ; Lotharii Abactoris lib. de miseria conditionis humatiae. (Haenel", 1828, col. 462. — Yule, No. 13.)
It is probable that these three MSS. are to-day destroyed.
1 Archiv der . Gesellschaft fiir iiltere deiitsche Geschichtskunde 2tcr Beforderung einer Gesa7nmtausgabe der Quelleiischriften deutscher Geschichten des Mittelalters herausgegeben von G. H. Pertz... Hannover.. .8vo.
^ Catalogi lib. manuscriptorum, qui i?i bibliothecis Galliae, Helvetiae, Belgii, Britanniae M.., Hispaniae, Lusitaniae asservauttir., nunc primum editi a D. Gustavo Haenel. Lipsiae, I. C. Hinrichs, 1830, 4to.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 49
D. — Austria. 22-22-i-Admont, Styria, Anhiv der Abiel.
No. 583, 4to, vellum ; xvth cent. ; fol. 49''-76" : Odorici de Foro Julii Historia orientalis. — Begins: Cum miilta et varia narraiitur . . .
Pertz, Archiv, x, 1851, p. 641.
23-23-2-Admont.
No. 639, 4to, vellum ; xivth cent. ; fol. 8o'-94" ; title ti^ supra ; begins : Licei mulia et varia de ritibiis hominum et co7idicionibus hums mundi a phirib2is eiiarrentur...
24-24-3 -Melk.
H. 17. ch. i. \ xivth cent. — Fr. Odorici descriptio partiitm Oriejitis. Licet multa et varia. Kr. p. 35. — Saec. xv. Burckardi de Monte Syon Descr. Terrae Sandae, ib. p. 52. Descriptio Terrae S. in 158 chap. Terra sancta promissionis Deo amabilis, ib., p. 58.
Pertz, A?'chiv, x, p. 603.
25-25-4-Prague, Bo/ns Capitel.
[Yule, No. 18.] — Paper MS., xivth cent., sm. fol., text on 2 col. — Odoric's Itinerary takes 6 ff. ; differs greatly from Hakluyt's version. — Marco Polo, 11, p. 550, No. 82.
Yule and Domenichelli, after Pertz, have mentioned two MSS. of Odoric in the Library of the Chapter of Prague ; but when I visited this library, the keeper told me that there was but one MS. — Pertz, Archiv, ix, 1847, writes, p. 474 : Odorici de Foro Tulii descriptio Tartarormn ; and p. 476 : Fr. Odoricus de nioribus hominum.
26-26-5-Prague, Bohmisches Museum (Am Graben).
[Yule, No. 20.] Vellum MS. mentioned by Pertz, Archiv, ix, 1847, p. 478 : Oderici fratris itinerarium in Orientem.
27-27-6-Vienna, Palatine Library, No. 545.
Latin MS., vellum, 4to, xivth cent, includes several pieces : I. Chronica Hungaroriim(y^\\}c^Q\\\.h^g\nviv[\^\ 2. Gesta Alexandri Mag7ii; 3. JVotata de Germaniae ducibus ; 4. Odoricus .. .{oWowtd by several treaties of no interest to us and among them a Tractatus de Urina. — Odoric takes ff. 80 recto-103 verso; differs greatly from Hakluyt's version. — Version of W. of Solagna ; does not c. V. c. 4
50 BIBLIOGRAPHY
contain M. of Bassano. — Includes interesting variants, those of the Farsetti made use of by Yule, pp. 43—4 : Wherefore I purpose to relate... four teen years, etc.; the galleys from Venice, etc.
28-28-7-Vienna, Palatine Library, No. 3559.
Latin MS., foL, paper (exc. ist f. vellum) ; 2 col. ; xvth cent. ; contains seven pieces, the last of which, Odoric, takes ff. 165 recto- 179 verso. — Complete until the death of Odoric (there are 2 ff. numbered 165). — Begins: Incipit frater Odericus de terra magni chant. Licet inulta . . .
29-29-8-Vienna, Palatine Library, No. 4459.
Latin MS., fol., paper; xvth cent., contains a great number of pieces of all kinds, a Latin Mandeville among others. — Odoric is the 23rd and last piece of this collection and takes ff. 190 recto - 200 verso. Begins: Lnfra scripta sunt mirabilia q. vidit frater Odoricus de Foro Ju Hi... Licet niulta et magna... This is the MS. marked No. 14, by Yule, p. 31, who knows but two of the Palatine MSS.
30-30-9-Vienna, Palatine Library, No. 4761.
Latin MS., 4to, paper ; xvth cent. — Includes a number of pieces of various nature such as a Tractatus medicus de Gonorrhoea, a Descriptio Urbis Romae, a Soliloquium de arrha animae by St Bernard, etc. Odoric is the seventh piece, ff. 160 recto- 172 verso. — Same text with different abbreviations as MS. 3559-
E. — Bavaria.
31-31— i-Kichstaett, Bischoefiichen Seminar zu Eichstaett.
Odorici iti?ierarium de mirab. mimdi. — Pertz, Archiv, ix, 1847, p. 559. — Yule, No. 23. — See French ed. of Odoric, pp. Ixxx— Ixxxi.
32-32-2-Munich, Royal Library, Cod. lat. 903.
Latin MS., 4to, paper, of 1422; brought from Ireland to Bavaria in 1529. — Contains 24 works; Odoric, ff. 153-173- — Text of Henry of Glatz. — Published by MarceUino da Civezza, Storia univ. delle Missioni Fraticescane, iii, pp. 739—781 ; repro- duced by Domenichelli, pp. 153-200. — Marked in our notes Civ. et M. DA Civ. — Yule, No. 16.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 5I
33— 33-3-Munich, Royal Library, No. 21,259.
Latin MS. ; vellum ; xivth cent. ; 2 col. fol. ; 296 ff. — Odoric, ff. 13-28 ; the other pieces are of a quite different nature.
Odoric begins f. 13 : In note pris &^ filij &= sps sti. Amen. Multa et varia scribunt a diversis viaxitne qui terras ignotas perambulaverunt maria navigavend. prop. q. et ego frater Odoricus de ordine ini}ioriim volo et ego ea qtie vidi in scriptis redigere ad pluriu solacione.
After Odoric's declaration, Ego frater Odoric, comes the anecdote of the Great Khan, and then the note, f. 24 : Predicta frater qda dicetefre Odorico redegit i sdpto Anno dni M°CCC°XXX'' in mse Maij Padove in loco Sa Anthotiij. Pifradictus ante frat. Odoricus post Atino Dni M° CCC"XXXI° JafiuariJ die xiij migravit ad dnm i Coventu fratrti Minoru7n Vtini. In foro lulii... Then a description of the seventh wonder of the world.
Some allusions to Essling, Worms, Mentz, show that the scribe was a German, probably from Swabia. — Marked in our notes MuN. — Yule, No. 17. — See t. 11, Ps. iii of Cat. Cod. latin. Bibl. regiae Monac, 1878, 8vo, p. 303, 21,259 (Ulm. 59).
34-34-4-Nurnberg, City Library.
Latin MS., bad handwriting; contains : Marco Polo, St Brandan, Mandeville, Odoric, Schildtberger.
F. — France.
35-35-i-Paris, Bibliotheque nationale, lat. 2584 (olim Col- bertinus).
Latin MS., vellum, fol., 2 col., 196 ff. ; xivth cent. Contains 25 pieces, of which Odoric is the fourteenth, letters or treatjes of various Saints. Cf. Cat. Cod. MSS. Bibl. Reg. Pars tertia, t. in, Paris, 1744, p. 300. It is a handsome vol.; in a good state of preservation in full red morocco, with ornamented letters.
Odoric begins f. 118 recto: Descripcio Orientalium Partium Fratris Odorici Boemi de Foro Julii, and it ends f. 126 verso: Ego frater Odoricus Boeinus de Foro Julii.
This version is very important, showing Odoric's nationality. Yule printed it in Cathay, App. i, pp. i-xlii ; we also reproduce it in the App. — Marked in our notes B.N. and B.N. lat. 2584. — Yule, No. 9.
4—2
52 BIBLIOGRAPHY
36-36-2-Paris, Bibliotheque nationale^ lat. 3195 (olim Maza- rinaens).
Latin MS., vellum, small fol, 2 col., 64 ff., xvth cent. — Con- tains four pieces, of which Odoric is the second ; the first is Petri Amphusi dericalis disciplma ; the third Marco Polo ; the fourth Bernardi cujusdam ad Raymundum Castri Ambrosii epistola de modo rei familiaris utiliils gubernandae. Cf. Cat. Cod. MSS. Bibl. Reg. Pars tertia, t. in, Paris, 1744, p. 385. This MS. is dirty and some fif. are damaged, i.e. ff. 56 and 57.
Odoric begins f. 19 recto with the table of 37 chapters and Licet multa et varia de ritibiis, etc., and ends f. 26 recto (verso is blank). The end is so damaged as to be hardly legible. — Marked in our notes B.N. lat. 3195. — -Yule, No. 10: "I believe it is one of what I have called the first type, after Henry of Glatz." — Marco Polo, II, p. 538, No. 24 ; this is the old Latin version published by the Societe de Geographic.
37-37-3-Paris, Bibliotheque nationale, Dnpiiy Collection, No. 686.
Latin MS., paper, fol., long lines, 76 ff. ; xviith cent. F. i recto : " Itineraria in Tartariam : Fr. loannis de Piano Carpini Ordinis Minor., p. i; Fr. Simonis de S. Quintino ordin. Praedicator., p. 19 ; Fr. Gulielmi de Rubruquijs ordinis Minoru., p. 38 ; Fr. Odorici de Foro julij ord. minor., p. 60; CIDIOCXLVII. P. Dupuy, 686."
This MS. is mentioned : Vol. 686, Itineraria Variorum in Tartariam, p. 1286 of the MS. Vol. Catalogue des Ma?zuscrits de M. F>upuy. [Bib. nat., Catalogues, 217, A], and under the title of : 686. Voyages en Tartarie, p. 548, of the Cabinet historique, ser. nouv., I, 1882, Inventaire abre'ge de la collection Dupuy (by M. Leopold Delisle).
Odoric begins f. 60 verso : " Incipit Itinerarium Fratris Odorici fratrum Minorum de mirabilibus Orientalium Tartarorum. — Licet multa et varia de ritibus et conditionibus huius mundi ennarrentur a multis ego tamen frater Odoricus de Foro Julij de Portu Nahonis volens ad partes infideHum transfretare, magna et mira vidi et audiui, quae possum veraciter enarrare. Primo transiens mare Maius me de Pera iuxta Constantinopolim transtuli Trapesundam..."
Ends : " De Morte fratris Odorici. Anno igitur Domini 1331, disponente se praedicto Fratre Odorico ad perficiendum iter suae peregrinationis prout mente conceperat, et etiam ut via
BIBLIOGRAPHY 53
et labor esset sibi magis ad meritum decrevit primo praesentiam adire Domini et patris omnium Summi Pontificis Domini Joannis Papae 22. cuius benedictione, obedientiaque recepta cum societate fratrum secum ire volentium ad partes infidelium se transferret. Cumque sic eundo versus Summum Pontificem, non multum distaret a civitate Pisana
"Anno Domini 133 1 decima quarta die mensis Januarij, obijt in Christo Beatus Odoricus ordinis fratrum Minorum, cuius precibus omnipotens Deus, multa et varia miracula demonstravit, quae ego Guecelus notarius communis Utini, filius Domini Damiani de Portu Gruario de mandato et voluntate nobilis viri Domini Conradi de Buardigio {read Bernardigio) Castaldionis, et Consilij Utini, scripsi, sicut potui bona fide, et fratribus Minorum exemplum dedi ; sed non de omnibus, quia sunt innumerabilia, et mihi difficilia ad scribendum."
Not mentioned by Yule.
38-38-4-Paris, Cat. Saulcy\ No. 308.
Peregri7iafw f?-atris Udalricl trans mare magnum. — Visio sancti Brandonis.
MS., paper, fol., beginning of the xvth century. — Sold francs 20.
39-39-5-Saint Omer, Library, No. 737.
MS., paper, fol., xvth cent. — Incipit Itinerarhwifratris Oderici, ordinis fratrujn Minorum, de Mirabilibus oi-ie7italium Tartarorum. "Licet multa et varia de ritibus et conditionibus," etc. Finit : Innumerabilia et 7nihi difficilia ad scribefidum.
Abbaye de Saint-Bertin. — Quire of 18 ff. in a bad state, damaged by water, written in gothic, with summary and red initial letters. At the end : " Et ego Michael de Lira scriptor nil plus inveni in exemplari, et explicit hie iste liber, quem scripsi Mechlinie in domo habitationis mee, anno Domini millesimo quadringentesimo quadragesimo octavo, xxi** die mensis februarii, secundum stilum etmodum scribendi curie Cameracensis diocesis." This itinerary of Odoric has been published by the Bollandists. V. Acta Saftcforum, Januar., t. i, p. 986, col. 2. {Cat. dcs Ms.
^ Catalogue de livres anciens et moderiies sur la Terre Salute et les hides orientales formant la riche collection de M. F. de Saulcy, membre de I'lnstitut, dont la vente se fera le mercredi 27 noveinbre 1872 et les trois jours suivants... Paris, Tross. 1872, 8vo.
54 BIBLIOGRAPHY
de la Bib. de Saint-Omer, pp. 328/329 of vol. iii of Cat. des Ms. des Bib. des Dep., Paris, 1861, 4to.) Not mentioned by Yule.
G. — Italy.
40-40-i-Assisi, Biblioteca comunale, No. 343, late No. 20.
Latin MS., fol., parchment, xivth cent. Begins f. i recto : Incipiunt hie multae et diver sae hystoriae Beati Odorici Fratris Minoris, de ritibus et conditionibiis hniiis mimdi et de niartyrio II I I fratnim minortim. — Then, Licet midta et varia de ritibus et con- ditionibus hujus tnundi a multis enarrentur tamen est sciendum quod ego fr. Hodoricus de Foroiulii voleJis transfretare et ad partes infidelium voletis ire., ecc, — F, 3 recto : hie superius incipit hystoria inartyrii IIII fr. minorum ; — F. 8 recto : hie explicit martyrium istorum quatuor fratrum minorum. — Ends f. 23 v°. ; et obtulimus eis de predictis pomis, qui cum 7?iaximo gaudio ipsa recipientis, ita videbantur letari ac si eis prebuissenius familiariter magnum nianus. —Then follows : Ego fr. Odoricus de Foroiulii de or dine fratrum minorum testificor et testimonium perhibeo reverendo patri fratri Guideto [sic] ministro provineie S. Anthonii, cum ab eo fuerim per obedientiam requisitus, quod hoe omnia que superius scripta sunt
aut propriis oculis ego vidi aut ab ho7ninibus fide dignis audivi
autem illarum . . .ilia quae non vidi testantur esse vero. Multa etiam alia dimisi que scribi, Jion feci, eum ipsa quasi incredibilia apud aliquos viderentur nisi ilia propriis oculis perspexissent — (the ...show the words which are not legible). Predicta autem ego fr. Guilgelmus de Solagna in scriptis redegi sieut fr. Odoricus ore propria exprimebat an: dom. MCCCXXX de mense 7naii Padue in loco S. Anthonii ; nee euravi de latino diffieili et ornato, sed sicut ilk narrabat sic ego seribebam ad hoc ut omnes facilius intelligerent que scribuntur vel dicuntur. Supradictus autem fr. Odoricus postea ex hoc seculo, transivit ad dominum in eonventu Utini an dom. MCCCXXXI die xiii (sic) ianuarii (cf. Venni, p. 82).— It has been added f. 24 r° : antiphona et or alio de b. Odorico confessor e ord. min. — ^F. 25 r" : hie inferius stmt scripta amplius qjiani septua- ginta 7iiiracula que deus operatus est per beatu77i Odoricu77i fratre7n minorem hie in Utino sepultum apud fi'atres mi7iores. — Begins : Miraculu77i Fantusii de Mur/'uciis apud Terciu7?i. — Ends f. 57 r° : postquam mater sua duxit eattt Utitiiwi ad corpus b. Odorici sanato
BIBLIOGRAPHY 55
est. — Then in another hand : Hie sunt septuagmta duo miracuta scripta que deus operatus est per b. Odoricum, et alia multa fecit que non sunt hie seripta. — Finally, in a more modern writing, f- 57 v'^ : [n isto libro sunt multae hystoriae b. Oderiei de or dine f rat rum minortim de Foroiulii qui est sepultus in eonventum Utini ; et est etiam hie possio et martyrium quatuor fratrum ininorum, et plus quani septuaginta iniraeula que operatus est deus per b. Odericuni ; et etiam est hie eifigulus ferreus inter reliquios quern portavit ad earnem, et eapelhis de capite suo et etiam alie res sue.
Dominichelli writes that this MS. was in the convent of Udine, and that Venni's MS. Udinese seems to be a copy of it, as except the title, the two MSS. are similar.
41-41-2-Milan, Ambrosian Library, H. 188, P. Inf.
Paper, sm. fol., xvth cent. ; 109 ff. c. — Contains seven pieces, one of which is Mandeville in Italian and the table of Mandeville's Travels. Odoric in Latin is the fifth piece ; it takes ff. 80 recto- 91 verso. The initial letters have not been written, so the paragraphs begin with the second letter of the first word, i.e. icet [for lieet\ jnulta, etc. Belonged formerly to the Convent of St Ambrose, Milan. — Yule, No. 25. — Begins : "licet multa et varia de moribus hominum et mirabilibus mundi a diversis et solempnibus sive diversimode facta, ad majorem tamen fidem faciendam posteris ego frater Odoricus de Foro lulii ordinis fratrum minorum de quamplurimis mirabilibus, quae oculis clarius vidi in diversis mundi partibus ultramarinis. Ego quidem predictus frater Odoricus volens me ad partes infidelium trans- fretare, ut fructus ibidem facerem animarum, multa magna et mirabilia audivi et vidi, quae veraciter possum cum attestatione narrare." (Antonio Ceruti, Appunti di Bibliografia storiea veneta contenuta nei mss. delP Ambrosiana, in Archivio Veneto, xi, 1876, Venezia, p. 195.)
42-42-3-Milan, Library of Count Girolamo d'Adda.
Latin MS., beginning of the xvth cent. — Varies greatly with Ramusio's text. — Mentioned by Dominichelli.
43-43-4— Roma, Biblioteea apostolica Vatieana, Fondo Vaticano, No. 5256. Latin version following an Italian version. — See Italian versions, No. 61-11-9, p. 63.
56 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Montfaucon, Bibliotheca Bibliothecarzwi Mamiscriptonim nova, I, Paris, 1739, P- I?) mentions : No. 171, Oderims de Ordine Mmoni7n, descriptio de paiiibus Infidelium.
44— 44-5-Roma, Biblioteca Casanatense, Cod. B, iv, late 13 ; now No. 276.
Latin MS. small 4to, parchment, xivth cent. F. 1 recto (in red) ; Bicipit liber Fratris Odorici de foro Julii provintie sandi Antonij de quadam terra que dicitur Pontiis (sic) Naonis. Then follows the table of chapters fiT. i" 2^ ; the text of the itinerary begins in the second column of f. 2^ with the first chapter entitled De pernicibiis que per aerem ducebantur which includes also the short prologue ; and ends with chapter xxxviij De reverentia quam Magnus Canis fecit sanctissimo signo crucis followed by the passage containing the author's attestation.
This MS. includes five different MSS. of which Odoric is the last, 28 ff.
45-45-6-Udine, Biblioteca de r Archivio Capiiolare delta atta- in vol. XXII of Miscellanea, with sundry other opuscula ; 4to MS. of 26 fif., the last lines of which are lost; begins : Istoria beati Odorici. Licet varia et multa de ritibi/s... great similarity with the text given by Venni. — This Latin text follows an Italian text of the itinerary, apparently of the xvith cent. — Yule, No. 28.
46-46-7— Udine, Library of the heirs of Count Jacopo de Concina, at San Daniele del Friuli. MS. 8vo, paper, first half of the xvth cent. ; binding of the time in red leather ; contains 38 ff. ; the text is carefully written ; begins : Incipit opusculum Peregrinationis Fratris Odorici Ordinis Fratrum Mihonwi, etc. . . . Ends : Magnis corruscavit miraculis. Then follow an Antiphona and an Oreinus reproduced by Domenichelli, p. 403. The MS. ends :
Qui sc7'ipsit scribal semper cum Domino vivat Vivat in cells semper cum Domijio felix.
47-47-8-Venice, Biblioteca Marciana, Clas. xiv. — Cod. XLiii.
Latin MS., xivth cent, (xvth wrote Sig. Veludo to me) ; paper ; 4to, 171 ff., h. o"" 27; wide o'" 21. Contains a number of pieces having nothing to do with Odoric whose itinerary takes fif. 73 recto-96 verso. A note at foot of f. 96 says that copies
BIBLIOGRAPHY 57
of this MS. have been taken by Prof. F. Kunstmann of Munich (in May 1857), and by Col. Yule (August 1864). Yule writes {^Cathay, i, p. 33, No. 26): "I have had a transcript of it in preparing this translation, but it has not proved so useful as I expected." — Described (No. Lxxii) in Biblioteca vianoscritta di TomiTiaso Giuseppe Farsetti, Venezia, 1771, 8vo, i, p. 116. — It passed to the Marciana Library from the Farsetti Family. Title : Opefii Fris Odorici Ord. viifior.
Begins : " Quamvis multa et varia de ritibus et conditionibus hujus mundi enarrentur a multis, turn sciendum est quod ego frater Odoricus ordinis minorum de natione forojulii (vo/ens) transfectare et ad partes infidelium transmigrare, ut fructus aliquos lucrifacerem animarum, multa magna et mirabilia audivi et vidi quae possum veraciter enarrare. praesens itaque opus- chulum in capitula dividens de multis gestis quae vidi et audivi in oriente, septentrione et meridie, etc."
Ffids : " Nam ipse beatus frater Odoricus, cum de ultra marinis partibus ad suam provinciam remeasset, marchiam scilicet tarvisanam presentiarum (sic) summi pontificis adire volebat ut ab eo hoc etiam peteret, quod L fratres de quacumque provincia essent dummodo ire vellet secum ducere posset, recessit de foro • Julii unde ipse natus est. dum esset pisis grayi infirmitate correp- tus quamobrem compulsus est ad propria remeare, qua propter in utino de foro Julii civitate anno ab incarnacione domini M.CCC.XXXI. pridie idus ianuarii de hoc mundo triumphans pervenit ad insulam beatorum, ubi virtutibus et miraculis quam- plurimis corruscat. nam per eum ceci claudi muti surdi sunt permittente domino restituti. deo gratias. amen."
48-48-9- Venice, Jl/useo Civico e Raccolta Correr.
MS. formerly 2389, now 2408 ; paper ; large 4to. — This MS. belonged to Gian-Giuseppe Liruti, a Friulan scholar, and to E. A. Cicogna. It is covered with parchment and contains two works ; the first is an abstract of the Voyages of Marco Polo from p. i to p. 36. See Marco Polo, 11, p. 541, No. 35. — From page 37 to page 43, it contains Novitates quas notavit frater Odoricus in peregrinatio/ie sua. It was written in 1401, as may be read twice, on p. 36 and p. 46 verso.
This MS. was used for the edition of Odoric printed at Venice in 1766, by the care of Giuseppe Venni, M.C. See preface,
58 BIBLIOGRAPHY
p. 39 and p. 45. — In the same MS. are verses having nothing to do with the Voyages.
Odoric's Itinerary begins : Licet midta et varia de ritibiis and ends : co)'ruscat miraculis ; then follows a note (explicit) of the scribe, who after the praises to the Lord signed : Ego Philippiis natus Ser Petri de Faganea [Fagagna, in Friul] publicus ac imperiali auctoritate notarius scripsiistoslibros...et ipsos complevi die martis 16 [Venni, 15] mensis februarii die carnis privii hora tercia dum morabar Padue pro afirmatore Antoni fili quondam nobilis viri Raymundi Sulumani in contrata heremitarum tempore quo studebam in rethoricali scientia legente magistro Marino de Rachanato. Currentibus annis Domini 1401 (sic) indictione secunda ? [Venni, iiona, which is exact] die ut supra. — Cf. Venni, pp. 82-3. — See Yule, No. 27.
H. — Switzerland.
49-49— I -Basel, University Library, D. iv. 8.
Latin MS. 4to ; xivth cent., vellum ; wood binding covered with leather; 60 ff. ; described by Haenel, p. 545, and by Pertz, Anhiv, vii, 1839, p. 174, under No. E. iii. 20.
x^ Epla Dni Gwilhelmi de Boldensele preclarissimiviri r griosi militis ad dum petru abbatem mile regie De descripcone terre sancte, ff. 1-26 recto ; 2° Epystola ad dnvi petrum abbatem aide regie, ff. 26 recto-26 verso ; 3° Descpco qruda miracVorum peractoru in Waltsasseti, ff. 26 verso-34 recto; ff. 34 verso-36 blank; 4° Des'cpc'o terrae sanctae fris OdVci de foro julij, ff. 37-60 recto.
Begins : Licet jnulia et varia de ritibus, etc.
50-50-2-Bern.
— Liber Sancti Odorici fratris minoris de vicino ordinis fratrum minorum de exitibus diversarum gentium. Licet midta et varia de exitibus et condicionibus tnundi a viidtis enarrentur tamen sciendum est — /;« ilia ualle dicebant esse homines cum de- monibus dampnatos. Explicit liber Sancti Odorici fratris minoris.
MS. No. 141 (327), f. i"-f. 11^' — xvth cent.— parchment. — With Excerpta exfabulis JEsopi quas Romidus de Graeco in Latinum transtulit, f. ii^^f. 12''.
Catalogus Codiciwi Bernensium (Bibliotheca Bongarsiana). — Edidit et Praef. est H. Hagen, 1875, p. 203.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 59
IL— ITALIAN MSS.
A. — Great Britain.
51-i-i-Cheltenham, Library of Sir Thomas Phillips, Bart., Middlehill (Worcestershire). MS. xivth or xvth cent. ; thick paper ; 7 ff. i. Begins, f. i : Anno MCCCXVIIl, jo /rate Oderigo de Frioli, delP ordine de Frati Minori, della provincia di Fadova, partivi della dicta provincia e vent Ingonstantinopoli (sic)... This MS. catalogued at Cheltenham, under No. 8268, was marked in Heber's Catalogue (1836, Pt. XI, MS.), No. 1 165; it belonged formerly to Lord Guilford. Ff. 8-13 last, have nothing to do with Odoric and offer no interest whatever.
B. — France. 52-2-i-Paris.
" Inchominccia la storia di frati odorico. Ani domini Mcccxviij, Jo frate odoricho da friolli delordine de frati minori de la provincia di padova partimi dela deta prouincia zuani i Chostantinopoli, etc." 25 ff- — " Inchominccia la storia di tra monacci chandaro nel paradiso terestro (Holy Land), etc." 8 ff. 4to.
Fine MS., xivth cent. ; thick paper; bound in velvet.
Catal. Saulcy, No. 307, Paris, 1872.
C. — Italy. 53-3-i-Florence, Biblioteca Riccardlana^ No. 683.
MS. paper, small 4to ; xvth century, with the title : Oderigo de Frigoli, Viaggio da Padova a Costaniinopoli e alia te?'ra del Ponto. The MS. is incomplete. Yule writes, No. 3, p. 2iZ '■ "This is one of the peculiar type which I have classed with Ramusio's Minor Version. It seemed to me, as far as I went through it, to be the same as the next on the list (Pal, Florence, E. 5, 9, 6, 7), but it is truncated, going no further than the sons and daughters of the King of Champa." — Brunet, Alan, du Libraire^ IV, col. 160, writes: " Oderico en ecrivit d'abord une ^bauche en italien (vers I'anne'e 13 18), dont le ms. est conserve dans la Bibliotheque Riccardienne a Florence." Fancy the date 1318 !
6o ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lami in his Cat. Cod. MSS. gui in Biblioth. Riccardiana Floretitiae adservantur... 'Lihumi, 1756, fol., gives, p. 203, the following description of this MS. :
"Frigoli, o Friuli. F. Oderigo de. Descrizione del suo Viaggio in Costantinopoli e Trabisonda, e altrove. M. IV. Codex chartac. in-4, n. xxxiii.
" Initium exhibimus :
"Anno MCCCXVIII. io Frate Oderigo de' Frigoli dell' ordine de' Frate Minori della provincia di Padova volendo fare memoria de' paesi e provincie, le quali trovai partendomi di Padova, e venni in Costantinopoli, e di quindi passai il mare maggiore, e venni in Trebisonda nella contrada detta Metropoli di Ponto, nella qual terra giace il corpo di S. Atanasio, che fece il Simbolo. E in questa terra viddi una mirabil cosa, che un uomo menava piii di due mila pernice, le quali il seguitavano per mirabile modo, perche andavano e volavano e stavano con lui per pill diete, e ubbidivallo, e parea quasi che parlassero con lui nella lingua sua ; e quando andava alio Imperadore, lo 'mpera- dore prendea delle pernici quante ne voleva, e 1' altre se ne venivano con lui quasi per quattro diete a Trebisonda insino al castello chiamato Zavecca. Da Trebisonda andai a Zavecca, ch' e castello dello Imperadore e quasi inespugnabile, e quivi si cava r ariento, ed eziando il cristallo, secondo che dicono alquanti. Quindi andai in Ermenia maggiore, e pervenni ad Arzelone, dove presso a una dieta e il fiume del Paradiso detto Eufrates. In questa terra sent! che unagrande donna lascio per suo testamento, che de' beni suoi si facesse un munistero di meritrici, che sempre fossero apparecchiate a servire a gli uomini in ogni carnalitade, e questo fece per 1' anima sua maladetta. Di quindi venni al monte dove e 1' Area Noe, e volentieri sarei salito alia cima del monte, avvegnache mai non si trov5 chi vi potesse salire, ma perche non voUi aspettare la carovana, non me ne volli provare. Quello monte e altissimo e bellissimo, e sempre ve 1' aveva insino alia terza parte del mondo ec."
See Lucca, infra. No. 58-8-6, p. 61.
54-4-2-Florence, Biblioieca Nazionale, sezione Falaiina, E. 5, 9. 6, 7. xivth cent. ; 8vo. " Containing only Odoric and a short narrative about three monks who visited the Terrestrial Paradise.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 6l
According to the Ms. Catalogue by G. Molini it is of the 14th century. It is written somewhat carelessly, and in a most barbarous style, but has remarkable peculiarities. The earlier part coincides with the Minor Ramusian (not minutely), and traces of the same basis appear throughout, but also many things that are in no other copy that I know of. For this reason it has been thought desirable to print it." Yule, Cathay, i, p. 34, No. 4.
Printed by Yule, Cathay, App. 11, pp. xliii-lxiii, and reprinted in our Appendix. — Partly reproduced by De Gubernatis, Storia dei Viaggiatori italiani, pp. 138-141. — Marked Pal. in our notes.
55-5-3-Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale, Cod. Magliabech., ch. XIII, No. 68.
Quoted by Domenichelli : " E la versione italiana pubblicata da noi, pigliandola dal Codice di Venezia, Biblioteca Marciana, CI. VI, n° 102, ed ha il titolo : Viaggio m Tartaria di Odorico da Udiiie.^'
At the end : " Compiuto di scrivere lunedi sera a di ventisette d' Ottobre 1377-" (Dom., p. 255.) — Marked Magl. in our notes.
56-6-4-Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale, CI. xxii, cod. 20.
Itinerarium Fratris Odorici de Foro Iiilii, quoted by Domeni- chelli.
57-7-5-Genoa.
MS. paper, xvth cent. — Viaggi del Beato Oderico da Por- denone.
Quoted by Amat di S. Filippo, from the Atti della Societa ligure di Storia patria.
58-8-6— Lucca, Biblioteca governativa. Col. Lucchesini.
Paper, xvth cent. ; 4to ; ff. 75. — Yule, p. 34, No. 5. — Contains : Marco Polo and Odoric in the Venetian dialect. — See Lazari, Marco Polo, p. 452. — Marco Polo, 11, p. 544, No. 49. — This MS. had No. 26 in the Giacomo Lucchesini collection, and it has now No. 296 at Lucca. Its title is Viaggi di frate Oderigo del Friuli e di Marco Polo. The vol. begins with the table of contents, then comes : " Libro delle meravigliose cosse vedute per frate Odericho dell' ordine de' frati Menori della patria di
62 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Friuli con i suo' compagni dicesse aver trovato oltra mare in le terre de le tre Indie, et in molte altre region e paesi ne li quali el feze dimora anni xiiij : el qual frate Odoricho al suo fine fu Sancto canonizato con miracoli in Udene ne li anni del nostro Signor Misser Jesu Cristo MCCCXXXI a di xiiij di Zenaro et in Udine jace el suo corpo. — Conzo sia che per molti sia narrato e scrito diverse nuove e stranie cosse." Ends somewhat like the MS. of the Riccardiana described by Lami in his Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum qui in Bibliotheca Riccardiana Florentiae adversanttir, Liburni, Santinij, 1756, p. 203, and is marked by Zambrini, Opere volgari, p. 715, see infra.
" lo frate Odericho di Friul di una terra chiamata Porto Neone appresso Udene e la provincia della Marca Trivisana, e de la diocesi di Aquilezia de 1' ordene de frati menori testifico e con verita rispondo al mio ministro per vera obedientia che tute le cosse che sono scrite in questo libro parte le vidi con li ochi mei e parte le audi dire ad homini degni di fede come di sopra le ho notate, e quale che non vidi pareno che sia vere. Molte e molte chosse io ho lassiate, ch' io non o' fatto scrivere perche sono quasi incredibile a chi con proprii ochi non le vedesse. E de in di in di io me aparechio d' andare a quele contrade, ne le quali mi dispone di vivere a morir secondo la volonta di Dio. Amen, Amen, amen."
The text varies somewhat from the texts of Ramusio and of the Riccardiana. Marco Polo's text is practically Ramusio's, Baldelli-Boni's and Bartoli's but differs as to the language and is shorter. At the end : " Coniplito el libro de le cosse mirabile vedute per lo nobile homo Messer Marcho Polo gientelomo de Vetiesia a di 12 de Marzo 146^ per mi Daniele da Verona in sul Ponte de' Berettari al onore e laude dell' Omnipotente.'"
Sig. Amat di S. Filippo mentions two Italian MSS. in the Public library at Lucca, but the Librarian, Sig. Boselli, speaks of one only.
59-9-7-Pisa, Private Archives of Count Alfred- Augustine Della Seta. Small fol., xvth cent.— Contains : " II libro delle nuove strane e maravigliose cose che Frate... Hodoricho di FriuH dell' Ordine Minori disse che avea trovate ultra mare nelle tre Indie e in molte altre regioni e paesi nelle qualli elli fue personalmente quattordici
BIBLIOGRAPHY 63
anni." Mentioned by Domenichelli from a description of Sig. Cesare Guasti ; he adds : " Nelle carte precedenti e copiato il Libra lapidario che il Re d' Etiopia invi6 a quelle di Armenia, tradotto gia dell' Indiano al latino da Fra Tommaso de' Minori di Pisa, e che parla delle pietre preziose che si trovano nell' India."
6o-io-8-Roma, Biblioteca apostoUca Vaficaua, Fondo Vaticano- Urbinate, No. 10 13.
Paper ; small fol., xvth cent.
Begins: " Cominceno i capitoli de lo libro de le nove strane e meraviose cose che frat. Odorigo de Friul de lo ordine di fra minori...." There are fifty chapters, with a good many illustra- tions.
Ejids : " E anchora io me apparecchio d' andare i quelle con- trade i le qual mi despono de viver e de morir alia voluntade de Dio, Am. Am."
Then follow some other works.
61-11-9-Roma, Biblioteca apostoUca Vaticana, Fondo Vaticano, No. 5256.
Paper ; 4to ; xivth cent. — Begins : " Libro de le cose mera- vigHosse chosse le qual vide frate Oderigo de Friul."
Ends : " me apparecchio de andare in quelle contrade ne le qle me dispongo de vivere e morire secondo la volontade de Dio. Amen."
After this is to be found the Latin version of William of Solagna : " Incipiunt diversae historiae B*^'. Odorici de Utino ordinis Minorum : Supradicus aut fr. Odoricus postea ex hoc seculo migravit ad Dn in conventu Utini Anno MCCCXXXI die xiiij Jan. qui postmodum multis et magnis coruscavit miraculis." — At the end : " praedicfa auteni ego fr. Guilielmus de Solagna in scriptis redegi sicut praedictus fr. Odoricus ore proprio exprimebat, anno Dni mill, trecent. vicesimo, de mense Maji. Paduae in loco S". Antonii."
62-12-io-Roma, Biblioteca Casanatetise, Cod. E, V, formerly i ; now No. 1548.
Paper; xvth cent.; Odoric, pp. 174-211.
Begins f. 174": " Questo libro trata de Frate Odorico, de diverse bele e stranie cosse lui ha visto per molti strani luogi
64 BIBLIOGRAPHY
del mondo." The text begins f. 175": " Avegnadio che molte e diverse instorie dele cosse e dele condizion de questo mondo da molti sien raxonade..." Ends f. 211'' : " Molto si me hono- ravano digandome che io scia cristiano batizato e queli li quali sono in quela vala morti lor dixerano che queli omeni sono demoni infernali."
The first leaves of the MS. contain an Italian translation in ottava rima of the Pharsalia of Lucan ascribed to a " L. di Montichilto cardinalem dignissimum."
63-13-ii-Udine, Archiepiscopal Seminary.
Paper; 8vo ; 182 ff., of which 54 contain the Vita del Beato Odorico della Patria del Fritili de^ Minori. . .per il Padre Maestro Cornelio di Navarra, Ferrarese, Vicario generate del Santo Ufficio, 1671. — See Domenichelli, p. 145 and p. 366.
64— 14— 1 2-U dine, Library of the Archivio Capitolare della Citta. See supra, Latin text 45-45-6. — I presume it is the text marked by Domenichelli, p. 366, No. 46 : " Biblioteca del Capitolo. — MS. cartaceo, contenente una versione italiana dei Viaggi del Beato Odorico preceduta da un testo latino."
65-15-13-Venice, Marciana, It. CI. vi. Cod. cii.
Paper; 8vo; xivth cent. ; 31 pages numbered, 26 to 28 lines; o™ 20 X o™ 14. — Belonged formerly to the family Nani ; it has been described by J. Morelli in / Codici manoscritti volgari della Libreria Naniana riferiti da Don Jacopo Morelli... YenQZia., Ant° Zatta, 1776, 4to, xcv, pp. 90-1. — Yule says, p. T)?)^ No. i : " It is the most careful and intelligently executed copy of Odoric that I have seen. I have examined the MS. and used a transcript of it in preparing this work." — Printed by Domenichelli, pp. 201-
255-
Begins: "Aveggia che nfiolte et varie cose de costumi et de le condition! di questo modo da molte altre p'sone siano state ditte et narate percio e da saper, etc."
Ends : " et presentamogli di quelle pome et eglino, con grade alegreza, recevendole cosi si pareano alegrare, come, se noy glavessimo fatto un gran dono, etc. ...Et io frate Odorigo di friuli duna tera che chiamata porto di naone, ec. Molte altre cose io o lasciate, le quali, io no feci scrivere, p'chelle parebbono incredibile apresso alchuna p'sona, che nolle vedesse con li ochi.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 65
Et io de di in di maparechio dandare in quelle contrade nele quale io oe diliberato, di vivere et dimorare si come piacera a CO lui dal quale tutti e beni p'cedono.''
66-16-14-Venice, Mardana, It. CI. iv. Cod. ccviii.
Paper; 4to; xvith cent.; ff. 260, 30 to 36 lines; o'" 22 x o'"i6; the title of the MS. is Viaggiatori antichi (i.e. Miscellanea di viaggi) ed altre cose ascetiche in fifte.
After the index, come pp. 1-18 : " Incomenza el tractate over el viazo Io qual fece el beato Udorico da Utine frate de r ordine de sancto francesco d'le cose che lui vide e parte udite da p'sone digne d' fede quado lui fo nele p'te d' oriete. E queste cose sono vere, e fu nel 1322."
Begins : " Benche varie e molte cose di costumi e codictione de questo modo multi habiano narato, niete di meno, ec. ec."
Ends : " e donassemo a loro d' q'lli pomi e loro li ricevetono cu tata alegreza. como fosse stato qualche gra presente. — Questo he q'to io fre Udorico d' la patria del friul ho veduto e parte udito da p'sone digne d' fede. E d' q'sto vedo dio p' testimonio avati al pre fre guidoto, mist° d' la p'vicia d' s'cto Ant'^ q'ste cose esser vere, cum sit ch esso niistro me comando p' obia che de questo dovesse dir la vita, senza fallo alcuno. Et fratre Udorico (this name written by another hand) da Salogna ho scripte le presente cose, secondo chel sudicto fratre Udorico me le dicea cum la propria bocha nel aiio del segnor 1324 del mese de mazo nel loco de scto Ant'^ de Padua. Da poi el sopradicto fratre Udorico passo di questa vita nel 133 1 a 14 de zenaro nel convento de Udene, el qual in vita e da puo la morte resplende de molti miracoli. A laude del segnor."
After the martyrdom and the miracles of the friars. — This MS. belonged to J. Morelli. Yule, p. 33, writes : " The volume contains other matter, including Polo, Aionzo Cadamosto, Voyages of Vasco da Gama and Columbus. It is noticed in Marsden's Polo, p. Ixii. I have examined it, but made no use of it." See Marco Polo., 11, p. 540, No. 34.
Domenichelli, p. 367, writes : " II Cicogna nel Catalogo dei suoi libri rammenta un codice italiano dei viaggi del Beato Odorico, esistente nella Marciana, e segnato classe vi. No. 109, marca 103, i." Sig. Veludo, the late chief of the Marciana to whom I owe the description of the MSS. entrusted to him, wrote c. Y. c. 5
66 BIBLIOGRAPHY
to me that he may assure me that the cod. 109, cl. vi (marca 103, i) contains only : Giovanni Michele Vanslebio. Relazione dello stato p7-esente deir Egitto scritta nel 1668 a Ferdinaftdo II. Grail Duca di Toscano ; and that only four MSS. of Odoric, three Italian and one Latin, are kept in the Marciana.
67-1 7-1 5-Venice, Marciana (R. Biblioteca Nazionale di S. Marco), It. Cl. xi. Cod. xxxii.
Paper; fol. ; xvth-xvith cent.; ff. 466; o'" 32 x o'" 24 ; miscellanies with the title Estratti d' opere varie ec. Odoric (xvith cent.) takes ff. 231-242 verso: "Chominziamo lolibro dele nuove et stranie et maraviglosse chosse che fratte Odoricho di friuli delordene de minori disse ch' aveva trovate oltra mare nelle tre indie et in molte altre regioni et paesi neli quali elli fue santo ch'o molti miracholli, in udine di friuUi. ne 1' anno domini MCCCXXXI adi xiiii di genaro et quine {i.e. qui) giaze lo suo chorppo."
Begins : " Chonciosia chossa che p' molti sia narrato et deto diversse et nuove et stranie chosse delusaze et chondicioni et riti del mondo darovi adintendere et asapere io frate Odorigo di friuUi del ordene de minori, che io trapassai lo grande mare et andai in trapezonda che antichamente hera chiamata ponto ; la quale trapesonda, etc."
Ends : " et p' questa chagione tuti issarazinii maveano in grade reverencia dicendo che io era battizzato et sancto. E quelli che erano morti in quela vale erano stati hoi del diavolo dello inferno.
" Io frate Odoricho ec. ec."
The preface differs from that of Cod. cii, but the text is the same. — Belonged to Amadeo Svaier, a wealthy Venetian merchant during the xviiith century. 68-1 8-1 6-Venice, Museo Civico e Raccolta Correr.
MS. new 2613.— Described, p. 354 of Saggio del Catalogo dei Codici di Emmanuale A. Cicogna {Archivio Veneio, t. iv, Venezia, 1872) ; formerly No. 261 1 ; 4to ; o™ 29 x o'" 22 ; paper; xvth cent. ; contains a Cronaca Veneia from the origin to the year 1405, with some additions till 1425; at the end is Odoric. Ends : '' Io frate Odorigo de Friul de 1' ordene de' frati menori rendo testemonianza al reverendo padre frate Guidoto ministro de la provenzia de santto Antonio siando da quela p. obidienzia
BIBLIOGRAPHY 6/
requirido che tutto quelo che io ne la presedentte opera o ditto io veramente e lo visto con li miei ochj propri e veramente loldido dire da person e degne di fede de queli paixi moltte altre chosse o viste et aldide le qual a schriverle pareriano chose inchredibile et pero non le o voiude schrivere. Laus Y" X° dno. nro. amen. Finitto."
This MS. belonged to Count G.-D. Tiepolo ; it was purchased in 1837 by Cicogna.
III.— FRENCH MSS. A. — Great Britain. 69-i-i-London, British Musetim, Royal Coll., 19. D. i.
MS. large fol., 267 ff., text on 2 col.; xvth cent. — Mentioned by M. Paul Meyer ^ ; unknown to Yule. — Contains eight works : Le iivre d' Alexandre ; Jehan le Yenelais, la Vengeance d'' Alexandre; Marc Pol ; Odoric ; Ascelin, Alission chez les Tartares ; le Diredoire ; Primat, Ch-onique des regnes de Louis LX et de Philippe LLI ; Ex traits de la Bible.
Odoric begins f. 136 : "Ci commencent les merveilles de la terre d'Ou// tremer..." {See p. 2 of French ed.). — J^nds f. 148 c : "Frere Guil // laume SoUengin de I'ordre des meneurs mist // loiaument en escript toutes les devant dites // choses si comme le dit frere Odoric li devisa de sa//propre bouche en I'an de Nostre Seigneur mil CCC. // et XXX. el mois de mai en la cite d'Espade [read de Fade^ el // lieu Saint Anthoine ne li chaloit de par // ler latin fors curieus et ordene et tout aussi // comme frere Odoric le racontoit, frere Guilleme escri // voit en tel maniere que touz entendissent//legierement les choses dites. Et le dit frere 0//doric trespassa de cest siecle en nostre Seigneur // assez tost apres c'est assavoir I'an de nostre Seigneur // mil CCC.XXXIP. et. xiiii iour de ienvier el convent // de Venise^. et est ennobli el dit convent par moult // de grans miracles."
It is a very handsome MS. — The translation of Jean de Vignay is a poor one. — Cf. French ed. of Odoric, p. cvi.
^ Docicments mainiscrits de Fancienne littirature de la B'rance conserves dans les bibliotheqiies de la Grande-Bretagne. Rapports k M. le Ministre de I'lnstruction publique par M. Paul Meyer. Premiere partie. Paris, Imp. nat., 1871, 8vo, pp. 69-80.
^ Read 133/. ^ Read Udine.
5—2
68 BIBLIOGRAPHY
70-2-2-London, British Museum^ 18 Cotton., Ot/io, D. 11.
French MS.; small fol. ; 2 col.; miniatures. — Contains Voyages to the Holy Land, etc. ; and an Itinerary of Odoric, unfortunately too damaged by fire to be of great use.
B. — France.
"] i-'^-i-Va.vis, Bibiiotheque Jiattonale, Franfiiis 1380 (late 7500 C.).
Small fol. ; vellum; xvth cent., 2 col; from Bigot's collection, 165; f I recto, coloured drawing; the place of the other drawings, blank. The Table in the three first preliminary leaves :
1° Begins recto f. i : " Ci commence vn traittie de I'estat et des condicions de xiiij. royaumes de ayse et des empereurs qui puis lincarnacion de fire seigneur ont regne en y ceulx et regnent encore et du passage doultre mer a la terre sainte. Et de la poissance du soubdam de egipte que nous appellons le soudam de babiloine. Et fut ce traittie fait premierement en latin par tres hault et tres noble home monseigneur Aycon Seigneur de courcy cheualier et nepueu du roy darmenie la grant..."
2" Begitis verso f. 53 : " Ci comence la itinerance de la peregrinacion et du voiage que fist vn bon preudome des freres prescheurs qui ot nom frere Bicult..."
3° Begins recto f. 95 : " Ci comence le chemin de la pe- regrinacion et du voiaige que fist vns bons homs de lordre des freres mineurs qui ot nom frere Odric de Foro julii ne dune terre que on appelle port de Venise..."
Ends recto f. 117. See French edition, pp. 491/2.
4° Begins recto f 119: "Cy commence vn traictie de lestat de la terre sainte et aussy en partie de la terre de Egipte & fut fait a la requeste de tres Reuerent seigfir mons. Talairat de pierregort..."
5° Begins verso f. 138: " Cest la copie des lettres qui li empereres souverains des tartres le grant caan de cathay envoia au pape Benoit xij" de ce nom..."
6° Begins recto f. 142 : " Cy commence de lestat et de la gouu'ance du grant caan de cathay..."
The MS. ends f. 146 verso ; these translations by Jehan Le Long are reproduced in rHystoreinerueilleuse.,.d7i grant Emperetir de Tartaric, 1529, see later on.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 69
72-4— 2-Paris, Bibliotheque Jiationale, Francais 2810 (late 8392).
MS. fol., bound arms of France, La Valliere morocco, contains the following works : Marco Polo, Odoric, Talei-an de Pierregort, UEstat du grant Kaan, Lettres du Pape^ Mandeville, Hethum and Ricold.
This magnificent MS. written in gothic letters on vellum was executed by order of the Duke of Burgundy and given by this prince to his uncle the Duke of Berry at the beginning of the xvth century. One of the miniatures at the beginning of Hethum's story, f. 226, shows the Duke of Burgundy receiving the book; the shield of Jean Sans Peur is drawn in the miniature above, the doorway : Ecartele, an i. et 4. seme de Prafice, a la bordure coniponnee d^azur et de gueules, qui est Bourgogne moderne ; Au 2. et J. bande d'or et d^azur de six pieces a la bordm-e de gueules qui est Bourgogne ancien. Et sur le tout, d^or an lion de sable arme, et lampasse de gueules qui est Flandre. It bears the title
" Ce Liure est des // Merueilles du Monde. Cest assavoir de la Terre // Saincte. Du Grant Kaan Empereur des tartars. // Et du pays Dynde. Le Quel // Liure Jehan Due de Bour- goingne donna //a son oncle Jehan fils de Roy de// France Due de Berry et Dauviergne, Conte // de Poitou, Detampes. de Bou- loigne, et Dauvergne. // Et contient le dit Liure six // Livres. Cest assavoir. Marc Pol. Frere Odric de lordre des // Freres meneurs. Le Liure fait a la requeste du Cardinal Taleran de // Pierregort. L'Estat du Grant Kaan. Le Liure de Messire Guillaume // de Mandeville. Le Liure de Frere Jehan Hayton de lordre de pre- monstre. // Le Liure de Frere Bicul de lordre des Freres Pre- scheurs // — Et sont en ce dit Liure Deux cens soixante six // hystoires."
Signed by : N. Flamel.
Then follow :
i" Marco Polo : " Cy apres commence le liure de Marc Paule des merveilles daise la grant et dinde la maiour et mineur Et des diuerses regions du monde." — Begins: " Pour sauoir la pure verite de diuerses regions du monde. Si prenez ce liure cy et le faictes lire. Si y trouuerez les grandismes merueilles qui y sont escriptes..."
E7ids (fol. 96 verso) : " Et a tant fine messire marc pol son liure de la diuision du monde et des merueilles dicelluy."
yO BIBLIOGRAPHY
2^ Odoric : Folio 97 : " Cy comence le liure Frere audric de lordre des Freres meneurs. Cy commence le chemin de la pe- regrinacion at du voyaige que fist vn bon homme de lordre des freres meneurs. nomme frere Odric de fore iulii. ne de vne terre que on appelle port de Venisse qui par le comat du pappe ala oultre mer pour preschier aux mescreans la foy de Dieu. Et sont en ce liure contenu les merueilles que li dis freres vit presentement. et aussy de pluseurs autres lesquelles il oy compter en ces parties sus dittes de gens disgnes de foy. Mais celles quil oy racompter et quil ne vit point, ne racompte il point pour verite fors pour oir dire, et le sone en son langaige quant a ce vient. Et fut ce liure fait en latin par ce frere deuant nomme en Ian de grace mil. CCC XXX. p'fais le xiij iour de ianuier Et fu cilz liures translatez de latin en francois por frere lean le lone, dit et ne dyppre moisne de saint bertin en saint Aumer, en Ian de grace M. CCC. Ij."
Ends (fol. 115 r. and v.) : " Explicet le yteneraire Odric de Foro Julij de lordre des freres meneurs qui fist cest liure en Ian de grace mil trois cens et trente. Et puis la mort dieux a fait par lui maint miracle. Et fu cilz liures translatez par frere iehan le lone ne dyppre et moisne de saint bertin en saint aumer. En Ian de grace mil. iijc. Ij. acomplis."
The MS. of Odoric begins f. 97 verso and ends f. 215 v. See p. 492, note d of French edition ; it is illustrated with 17 (85-101) miniatures : *i. Departure, f. 97 verso (two friars) ; 2. Chaldaea, f. 98 verso \ 3. Reception of the Reliques, f. 102 recto (two friars); 4. Gold Idol, f. 103 recto- 5. Natives of Lamory, f. 104 recto (two friars); *6. Bread Trees, f. 105 recto; 7. Champa Fishes, f. 105 verso; *8. Dog-headed men, f. 106 recto; 9. Ceylon, fishing precious stones, f. 106 verso ; 10. Dondin Anthropophagi, f. 107 recto; 11. Zaitun, f. 108 recto; *i2. Fishing by hand, f. 108 verso; *i3. Man-headed animals, f. 109 verso; ^14. Caravan, f. no verso; 15. The friars travelling,. f. 113 recto; 16. The rich Man of Manzi, f. 114 recto ; *i7. The terrible Valley, f. 115 recto. Seven of these miniatures marked *, plus three from the Book of Marco Polo in the same MS., in all 10 miniatures have been re- produced in black in the French edition of Odoric. Some of the miniatures have also been reproduced by Count de Bastard, Librairie du due de Berri (1834), pi. 6-14; Silvestre, Faleographie universelle (1841), pi. 148; Madden, Universal Palaeography
BIBLIOGRAPHY JY
(1849), P^- cxcii; Charton, Voyageiirs anciens et modernes (1855), t. II, pp. 258 seq. ; Yule-Cordier's Marco Polo. The whole of the 266 miniatures of the MS. have since been reproduced in facsimile in black by Berthaud freres, Paris, in two vols., with an introduc- tion by M. H. Omont.
3" Folio 116: "Cy commence Le Liure de Taleren de Pierreguort..."
Ends (folio 132 verso) :
" Par Guillaume de Boldesele."
4*^ Folio 133 : "Cest la coppie des lettres que ly empereres souuerains des tartars le grant kaan de katay enuoya au pappe benoit le .xij'^. de ce nom en Ian de grace mil trois cens. xxxviii. enuiron la pentecouste et furent par le commandemet dudit pappe translatees en latin, et furent translatees du latin en francois par frere iehan le lone dit et ne de yppre moisne de saint bertin en saint aumer. en Ian de grace, m. iij'^. Ij."
Ends : " Escript en Cambalec en Ian du s. rat. le sisiesme mois. le tiers iour de la lunison."
Followed by a commentary.
5'^ Folio 134: "Cest la teneur des lettres et de la responce que ly pape renuoya a ces principaux amis demourans en Cam- banlech dessoubz lempereur desus dit."
Ends fol. 136 : " Donne en avignon. le xiij. iour de Juing. le. v*^ annee de n're regnacion de n're pappa. Explicit, etc.^'
6" Estat die grant Caan : Folio 136 verso : "Cy commence le Liure de lestat du grant Caan. Cy commence de lestat et de la gouuernance du grant kaan de cathay souuerain empereur des tartres. et de la disposicion de son empire, et de ses autres princes. Interprete par vn arceuesque que on dist larceuesque Saltensis. au commant du pappe iehan. xxij*^ de ce nom. Trans- late de latin en francois p' frere ieha le loc dyppre moisne de s'. b'tl en s'. aumer."
Ends folio 140 verso : " Explicit de la gouuernance et de lestat du grant kaan souuerain empereur des Tartars."
7" Mandeville : Folio 141; " Cy commence le liure mesire guillaume de mandeuille — Comme il soit ainsi que la terre doultre mer cest assauoir la sainte terre de promission. entres- toutes les autres terres cest la plus excellente. et la plus digne et dame souueraine de toutes autres terres. Et benoite et saintefie
72 Bir.LIOGRAPHY
et consacree du precieux corps et du precieux sang fire seigneur Jesu Crist."
Etids verso folio 225.
8° Hethuni : Folio 226 : " Cy commence le liure frere lehan hayton de lordre de premonstre cousin germain du roy darmenie qui parle des merueilles des .xiiij ro5'aulmes daise. Le royaume de cathay est tenu pour le plus noble royaume et le plus riche qui soit ou monde et est sur le riuage de la mer occeane."
£7ids folio 267 : " Cy fine le liure des hystoires des parties dorient compile par religieux home frere hayton frere de lordre de premonstre iadis seigneur de core, cousin germain du roy darmenie sur le passaige de la terre sainte. p'. le commandement du souuerain pere fire seigneur lapostole clement quint en la cite de poytiers. Le quel liure ie nicole Falcon escrips premiere- ment en fracois. si comme le dit frere hayton le ditoit da sa bouche. sans note ne exemplaire. et de romans le translatay en latin. En Ian hre seigneur, m. ccc. sept ou mois daoust. Deo gracias."
9° " Cy comence Le Liure de Frere Bicul : de lordre des Freres prescheurs."
Begins folio 268 : " Ci comence le itineraire de la peregri- nacion et du voiage que fist ung bon preudome des freres precheurs qui ot nom frere bicul. qui par le comant du saint pere ala oult' mer po^' prechier aux mescreans la foy de dieu."
Ends verso of folio 299 : " Explicit le ytineraire de la pe- regrinacon frere riculd de lorde des freres precheurs et sont en ce liure contenu par sobriesce les royaumes et les gens lez prouinces lez loys lez sectes lez heresies, lez monstres et les merueilles que lidis freres trouua es p'ties dorient. et fu cilz liures t'rslates de latin en frangoys par frere i'han de yppre moisne de saint bertin en saint omer. En Ian mil. ccc. li. acomplis.''
The letters Nos. 4 and 5 have been published by E. Jacquet in the Nouv. Journ. Asiat., vii, 183 1, pp. 417 seq. under the title: Notice sur quelques relations diplomatiques des Mongols de la Chine avec les Papes d' Avignon. — Pauthier made use of this MS. for his edition of Marco Polo; marked B. — Since M. Louis de Backer has published Odoric, Hetum, the Letters of the Pope and the Etat du Grand Khan under the following title : Louis de Backer. LExtreme- Oj-ient au moyen age d'apres les manuscrits d'un Flamand de Belgique, moine de Saint-Bertin a Saint-Omer, et d'un prince
BIBLIOGRAPHY 73
d'Armenie, moine de Premontre a Poitiers. Paris, Ernest Lerour, 1877, 8vo, pp. 502. — Yu\q {The At he/iaeitm, No. 2598, nth August 1877) and myself {Revue critique^ 19th May 1877) have been very severe on this bad book.
This MS. 2810 is marked No. 116 in the Catalogue of the Library of John, Duke of Berry, at the castle of Mehun-sur-Yevre, 1 416, and No. 196 of the Library of the same, p. 186 of Le Cabinet des Manuscrits de la Bibl. ?iati07iate, par L. Delisle, in.
Domenichelli writes, p. 365, No. 33 : " Manoscritto /atifio No. 8392, Supp. frangais " !
73-5-3-Paris, Bibliotheqjie nationak, Francais 12202 (late Supp. fr. 1 103).
Paper MS. ; xivth cent. ; fol. long lines; 184 ff. ; contains in the version of John le Long : Hetum, Ricold, etc. Odoric begins f. 108 verso, and ends f 134 verso : tons diables en enfer. Explicit. See p. 492 of French ed., slight variants. Domenichelli has : "Manoscritto latino No. 1103, Supp. /rrt/^frtfzV."
C. — Switzerland.
74-6-i-Bern, City Library, No. 125.
Parchment; xivth cent. ; fol, 286 ff. — Belonged to J. Bongars of Orleans ; contains: i. Itineraire de Marco Polo ; 2. Jehan de Mandeville, de I'estat de la Terre saincte et des merveilles que il y a vues ; 3. Itineraire de Ordric ; 4. Traittie de la Terre saincte de Guillaume de Bouldeselle ; 5. Coppie des lettres que I'empereur des Tartres le grand Kaan de Catay envoia au pape Benoist le xii en I'an 1338 ; 6. L'estat du gouvernement du grand Kaan de Cathay et de la disposition de son empire, etc. ; 7. Livre des hystoires des parties dorient compile par Jehan Hay ton, etc. ; 8. Livre de peregrinacion de litineraire et du voiage que fist ung bon preudomme frere Ricul.
This MS. seems to be incomplete, as fol. 180 begins with these words : " seroient longues a recompter Cy nous dit de Somdoma la cite autres lapelent Sottoma. De ceste cite de thoris men party et vins lespace de dix journees en une cite qui a nom Somdoma."
Ends f. 196'': "Mais touz ceulz qui estoient la demourez estoient touz deables d'enfer.
\
\
74 BIBLIOGRAPHY
" Explicit le yteneraire Odric de foro Julii de lordre des freres meneurs qui fist ce livre en Ian de grace mil cccxxx. Et puis sa mort dieu a fait par luy maints miracles. Et fut ce livre translate par frere Jehan le long ne dypre et moynne de Saint Bertin en saint aumer En Ian de grace mil ccc cinquante et ung."
This collection is similar to the Livre de Merveilles, No. 70 ; it is mentioned, p. 458, by V. Lazari, / Viaggi di Marco Polo, Venezia, 1847.
IV.— GERMAN MSS.
A. — Austria,
75-i-i-Nikolsburg {Moravia), Library of Prince Mensdorf- Pouilly. German translation of Odoric's voyage, made in 1359, by a priest called Corrado Steckel. — Mentioned by Domenichelli.
B. — Bavaria.
76-2-i-Nurnberg, Library?
Paper ; xvth cent. ; 19 ff. numbered 168—186 ; titles of chapters in red ; the first letter of Ich has not been written. — Begins : " Ich Briider Ulrich von Friaul geporen, etc." — I have been unable to find in my notes in what library this MS. is kept.
General Distribution of MSS. of Odoric
|
Latin |
Italian |
French |
German |
Total |
|
|
Great Britain Cambridge ... Cheltenham London Oxford Glasgow |
3 I 4 •-> 2 |
I |
2 |
IS |
|
|
Germany Berlin |
I |
6 |
|||
|
Bremen Breslau Mentz Wolfenbiittel |
I I I |
||||
|
Alsace Strasburg ... |
3 |
3 |
|||
|
Austria Admont Melk Nikolsburg Prag Vienna |
2 I 2 4 |
I |
10 |
||
|
Bavaria Eichstatt Munich Niirnberg |
I 2 I |
I |
5 |
||
|
France Paris St Omer |
4 I |
I |
3 |
9 |
|
|
Italy Assisi Florence |
r |
4 |
25 |
||
|
Genoa Lucca Pisa Milan Rome Udine Venice |
2 2 2 2 |
I I I 3 4 |
|||
|
Switzerland Basel |
I |
3 |
|||
|
Bern |
I |
I |
|||
|
50 |
18 |
6 |
-> |
76 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY
B.— BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRINTED EDITIONS
I. — -Odorichus de rebus incognitis. Pesaro [per Girolamo Soncino], 15 13, 4to.
Odorichus de rebus incognitis.
Small 4to ; 23 ff. or 46 pages ; on f. i, title ut supra ; then a preface of 4 pages with the title : Ponticiis Virunius Paulo Daniel 0 Mantuano bene agere ; the first of these pages is reproduced in the French ed. of Odoric and in my Bibliotheca Sinica, col. 2006 ; this preface ends by Ex Isauro idibus. feb. MDXIII. Then the relation in Italian of Odoric's voyage begins : In questo breiiissimo curriculo de miserabel tempo del. M.CCC.XF///.... This page and the last reproduced also in the French Odoric and in the Plb. Sinica. After the voyages comes a Latin note showing that this text was printed from the copy of Francisco Olivieri, of Jesi ; the whole ends : Inipressus Esauri. M.D.XIIL idibus Martii. Laus Deo : 6^ Curiae coelesti semper.
There are but two copies known of this edition : one in the "Reale Bibhoteca Palatina" of Parma described here; one be- longing (Cat. 1900, No. 431) to the bookseller Joseph Baer, of Frankfort a. M.
On this book, written in a language inculta and rozza says Apostolo Zeno, see long note in French edition of Odoric.
2. — LHystore merueilleuse |! Plaisante et Recreatiue du grad Empereur de Tar || tarie seigneur des Tartres n5me le grad Can. Cote# || nat six liures ou parties : Dont le H Premier traicte || des singularitez 1 conditions des .XIIII. Royaulmes de || Asye subiectz audict grand Chan. H Le second parle des empereurs qui II depuis Lincarnation nostre seignr ont regne et encore a psent regnent en || Asie. Et aussi dont premier proceda le nom du grad Chan Et la seigneu || rie des Tartres | Et coment. U Le tiers descript qlle chose on doibt faire || auat que commencer la guerre. H Le quart parle du voyaige qfist vng || Religieux des freres pscheurs allant p le commadement du pape oultre || mer prescher les mescreas. Et sont en ceste ptie cotenuz les roy- aulmes 1 II Les gens | Les prouinces | Les loix j Les sectes ( Les
BIBLIOGRAPHY 77
heresies | Et les nou? 1| uelles que le dit frere trouua es parties doriet. H Le cinqesme cotiet com* || met vng aultre religieux des freres mineurs alia oultre mer pour pres* || scher les infidelles || Et fust iusques en la terre prebstre Jan ou il vit plu> || sieurs aultres choses fort admirables Et dignes de grand memoire | co* || me il racdpte cy dedans. H Le sixiesme pie du pays de surye | et des vil< II les sur mer | degipte | du desert du mot de Synay | darabe | Et des sainctz || lieux q sont entre le fleuue Jourdain 7 Hierusale | Et signament des cho || ses mdstrueuses ql a veues selon la diuersite des pays | cotrees | et regios || Et plusieurs aultres choses come on pourra veoir par la table cy apres. || [Vignette.] ^ Auec Preuilege. || ^ On les ved a paris en la rue neufue nre dame a leseigne. S. Nicolas || et au pallays en la gallerie coe on va a la chacellerie pour Jeha. S. denys.
Small folio of 80 ff. numbered and 4 prelim, ff. for the title, the permission and the table; the permit is dated " 15 fevrier 1528" ; the work was printed in 1529, on the 15th of April. This volume reproduces the relations contained in the French MS. 1380 (late 7500) of the Bibliotheque nationale, Paris ; see supra, p. 68, No. 71. The frontispiece and one page have been reproduced in the French edition of Odoric and in the Bibliotheca Sinica, to which I refer the reader.
3. — Viaggio del Beato Odorico da Vdine, dell' ordine de' frati Minori, Delle usanze, costumi, & nature, di diuerse nationi, & genti del mondo, & del martirio di quattro frati dell' ordine predetto, qual patirono tra gl' Infedeli. (Ramusio, Navigationi et Viaggi, ir, Venetia, 1583, f. 245 verso-f. 253 recto.)
Version of W. of Solagna.
" The first [this one] and longest of these is almost certainly a translation from the MS. used by Venni in his edition as Udinese. The coincidence of peculiarities in proper names and other particulars shows this." (Yule, Cathay, i, p. 35.)
Though I have found a perfect similarity in most of the proper names, I am not so positive as Sir H. Yule. Venni informs us (p. 46) that in Ms. Utinensi ante historiam hahetur :
" Beati odorici Devotiis Hiero/iymus Moiitcnianus. N. D. Utin. Fatr. Indus, et sacri Ca'noby Conventuat. Franciscanorum syiidicus Itiner., et Mirac. ciusdem Beati.
Librum Jiuiic Omni oruatu Nudatum, ct vctustate Corruptum
78 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Li hanc pi'istmam formam Cum onini Cultu szia Impensa restiti{it Anno Domini M.D.XXXXII. die xv Mens. Vllbris:'
It is likely that Ramusio would have reproduced this an- nouncement.
4. — Viaggio del Beato Frate Odorico di Porto Maggiore del Frivli fatto nell' Anno mcccxviii. (Ramusio, Navigationi et Viaggi, II, Venetia, 1583, f. 253 verso-256 verso.)
See p. 8 and p. 426, note/ of French Edition.
5. — Incipit Itinerarium fratris Odorici fratrum minorum de mirabilibus Orientalium Tartarorum. (Pp. 39—53 of The Second Volvme of the Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation .. J^-^ Richard Hacklvyt Preacher ...Imprinted at London by George Bishop, Ralph Newberry, and Robert Barker, Anno 1599, folio.)
Begins : " Licet multa & varia de ritibus & conditionibus huius mundi enarrentur a multis, ego tamen frater Odoricus de foro lulij de portu Vahonis..."
Based probably on the text of British Museum, Roy. Col. xiv, c. 13. — See p- 41, No. 5 supra.
6. — Here beginneth the iournall of Frier Odoricus, one of the order of the Minorites, concerning strange things which hee sawe among the Tartars of the East. (Pp. 53-67 of vol. 11 of R. Hackluyt, id supra.)
Translation of the Latin text of Hackluyt less the chap. De mai'tyrio fratrum and De miraculis quatuor fratrum occisorum.
Reprint, pp. 326 et seq. of A. W. Pollard's Ma7ideville, 1900.
7. — Elogio storico || alle gesta || del || Beato Odorico || dell' Ordine de' Minori Conventuali || con la storia || da lui dettata de' suoi Viaggj Asiatici || illustrata |i da un religioso dell' Ordine stesso 11 e presentata II agli Amatori delle Antichita. || In Venezia || MDCCLXi. II Presso Antonio Zatta. || Con licenza de' Superiori. || Large 4to, pp. viii-152.
Air Eminentissimo e Reverendissimo Signer Cardinale Fra Lorenzo Ganganelli, F. Giuseppe Venni M.C., p. ni. — Approba- tions, pp. vii-viii. — Elogio Storico, pp. 1-31. — Decretum Utinen. Canonizationis Beati Odorici Matthiussi Sacerdotis Professi Ordinis Minorum S. Fra?tcisci, pp. 32-33. — ^Indice de' Paragrafi, pp. 34-35. — Area del B. Odorico, p. 36. — Prefazione alia Storia de' Viaggi del B. Odorico, pp. 37-45. — Historia B. Odorici,
BIBLIOGRAPHY 79
pp. 46-83. — Illustrazioni a i A^iaggi del B. Odorico nell' Indie Orientali, pp. 84-149. — Indice delle illustrazioni, p. 150. — Permit to print, p. 151. — Errata, p. 152.
At the beginning a large plate, engraved and signed Philippus Pilaja, engraver, and Dominicus Scaramuccia, painter, showing Odoric baptizing the Unfaithful ; below :
" B. Odoricus Matthiussi Ord. Minorum S. Francisci Con- ventualium Sacris Missionibus cum ingenti Animarum lucro inter Infideles peractis.
Obiit Utini Die xiv. Januarii Mcccxxxi.
Cultum, quern Concivi suo Utinenses, finitimaeque Gentes perenniter adoleverant.
Sacra Rituum Congregatio sub die xiv. Junii mdcclv. Decreto suo probavit.
Ac sub die 2. Julii ejusdem Anni Benedictus XIV. P. O. M. confirmavit."
At the end a poor map of Asia.— P. 36 : a plate showing the front and the back of Odoric's tomb in the xviiith cent. ; his cilice. — P. 2, Genealogical Table of the descent of King Ottokar of Bohemia.
The Latin text given by Venni, author of this work, belonged to Giuseppe Liruti. "Altra copia scritta settant' anni dopo la morte di Odorico, e presa dall' originale da Filippo Notajo, e scolaro in Padova, figliuolo di Pietro di Fagagna 1' anno MCCCCI. e in mano dell' eruditissimo Gentiluomo, e benemeritissimo delle Friulane antichita Giuseppe Liruti de' Signori di Villafredda ricco a dovizia di preziosi apografi ; da lui giudicata migliore e per 1' antichita, e per le diverse lezioni dalla copia Montaniana " [p. 39]. This last copy made at the expense of Girolamo Montaniani [G. del Negro says, p. 46, the count Girolamo di Montegnacco], sindaco of the Udine Convent, in Sept. 1542 from another copy of the 7th Sept. 144S by brother Albert of Udine, was used by Venni to give variants to the Liruti text. " Posti a confronto con replicata diligenza i due Mss. Lirutiano, e Udinese, con permissione benigna del Possessore portatissimo a giovare al Pubblico abbiamo preferito il primo alsecondo, come copia piij antica, et tratta immediatamente, come supponesi, dall' esemplare, che custodivasi in Padova, ove dett6 il Beato la sua storia. L' Udinese poi, sendo copia passata per piu mani, ci fa temere della sua identita. Cio non ostante concordi sono nella
8o BIBLIOGRAPHY
sostanza, e soltanto varianti di lezioni, delle quali le piu rimarche- voli ponghiamo in veduta, sicche 1' erudito Lettore con il piacere abbia il comodo ancora di rimirare d' ambedue la varieta, e d' ambedue riscontrame il diligente confronto " [p. 45].
This edition of Venni is one of the best of Odoric's text.
Osservazioni fatte da me Frate Francesco Antonio Maria Righini sotto la scorta del fu mio maestro Padre Maestro Giovanni Giacinto Maria Sbaraglia sopra 1' Elogio storico alle gesta del Beato Odorico d' Udine dell' Ordine dei Frati Minori e le illustrazioni fatte alia di lui storia, etc.
MS. kept in the Communal Library of Rimini.
8. — B. Orderici Peregrinatio ab ipsomet descripta. {Ada Satic- toriim, XIV Januarii, pp. 986-992.)
Benns : "Licet multa & varia de ritibus hominum, & condi- tionibus huius mundi, a pluribus enarrentur..."
Ends: see p. 515 of the French edition.
At the beginning a short introduction and a biography after Wadding. — Abstracts from Henry of Glatz.
g. B. Fratris Oderici de Foro Julii, Ordinis Minorum, iter
ad partes infidelium a Fratre Henrico de Glars ejusdem Ordinis descriptum, nunc vero primo in lucem editum ad fidem Mss. codicis Bibliothecae Regiae Monacensis (Cod. Lat. 903) cura Patris Marcellini a Civetia. {Storia universale delle Missioni Francescane, in, Roma, 1859, pp. 739-781.)
" Questa pubbHcazione fu da me fatta in fine del HI volume della mia Storia universale delle Missioni Francescane, con brevi note a pie di pagina, che dichiarano i principaH luoghi percorsi dal grande Apostolo nella prodigiosa sua missione in Tartaria, in Cina, e in quasi tutto 1' Arcipelago Indiano ; dei quaU schiari- menti mi giovai anche nel racconto che feci della sua vita e del suo apostolato nel capitolo XII dello stesso Ubro, dove in corrispondenza del testo latino diedi una parte del racconto in italiano. L' esemplare di questo Codice da me pubblicato 1' ebbi in dono dalla gentilezza del chiaro illustratore dei viaggi di Marco Polo Vincen-zio Lazari per gentile intramessa del mio amico Cesare Guasti. II Lazari giudico che fosse completo, e che venisse portato d' Irlanda a Ratisbona il 1539; e che fosse affastellamento di Frate Marchesino da Badaion, originalmente transcritto da Frate Enrico da Glars nel 1 440- In quanto all' essere
BIBLIOGRAPHY 8 1
venuto in Ratisbona d' Irlanda il Lazari pensava facilmente spiegarsi con osservare, che il compagno di peregrinazione del Beato Odorico fu un tal Frate Giacomo Irlandese...
" In quanto alia vera traduzione italiana del Viaggio del Beato, com' il lettore vede, non e stata ancora pubblicata ; e crediamo che sia nella Biblioteca Marciana di Venezia; ma non saprei dire se fosse quella del Codice della classe VI, numero 208, cartaceo in-4, che contiene i Viaggi del beato Odorico da Udine, di Marco Polo, di Alvise Cadamosto, di Pietro Sinzia, di Vasco di Gama, di Emmanuele Re di Portogallo, di Cristoforo Colombo, ec..., o r altro della classe XI, numero 32, cartaceo in foglio, ove il Viaggio del beato Odorico e preceduto dall' altro Viaggio da Venezia a San Giacomo di Galiziay (M. da Civezza, Saggio di Bib. Sanfrancescana, No. 465.)
10, — Louis de Backer. — L'Extreme Orient au Moyen Age d'apres les manuscrits d'un Flamand de Belgique Moine de Saint-Bertin a Saint-Omer et d'un Prince d'Armenie Moine de Premontre a Poitiers. Paris, Ernest Leroux, 1877, 8vo, pp. 502.
See what we say on this poor edition, supra, p. 72, No. 72, and in the French edition of Odoiic.
II. — Cathay and the Way thither, being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China, translated and edited by Colonel Henry Yule, C.B., late of the Royal Engineers (Bengal). With a preliminary Essay on the intercourse between China and the Western Nations previous to the discovery of the Cape Route. London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society. M.DCCC.LXVI. 2 vols. 8vo, pp. ccliii, 1-250, 253-596, xcviii, i front., 3 maps.
The first and excellent edition of this work ; see : — Odoric of Pordenone : Biographical and Historical Notices. — The Eastern Parts of the World described, by Friar Odoric the Bohemian, of Friuli, in the Province of Saint Anthony. (Yule, Cathay and the Way thither, i, pp. 1-162.)
12. — Storia dei Viaggiatori Italiani nelle Indie orientali compilata da Angelo de Gubernatis con estratti d' alcune relazioni di viaggio a stampa ed alcuni documenti inediti. — PubbHcata in occasione del Gongresso Geografico di Parigi. In Livorno, Franc. Vigo. 1875, small 8vo, pp. viii-400.
Chap, n of this work contains some notes and pp. 1 38-141 part of the Palatine Text of Florence given in full in our edition.
c. V. c. 6
82 BIBLIOGRAPHY
13. — Sopra la vita e i viaggi del beato Odorico da Pordenone deir ordine de' minori Studi con documenti rari ed inediti del chierico francescano Fr. Teofilo Domenichelli sotto la direzione del P. Marcellino da Civezza M. O. — In Prato per Ranieri Guasti editore-libraio. — 1881, 8vo, pp. 410, i map.
" Al Lettore (Fr. Marcellino da Civezza M. O.). — Viaggiatori Francescani. — Storia del Beato e dei suoi Viaggi. — Bibliografia di quanto finora fu scritto sul Beato Odorico. — lUustrazioni edite ed inedite. — -Testo dei Viaggi del Beato Odorico in latino e in italiano. — Descriptio Fratris Oderici de ordine minorum de partibus infidelium. — Viaggio del Beato Odorico del Friuli. — lUustrazioni edite ed inedite al Viaggio del Beato Odorico. — Elenco dei Codici editi ed inediti del Viaggio del Beato Odorico. — Delle lingue indiane. — Altri Documenti e Memorie risguardanti il Beato Odorico."
Gives the Latin text of Munich, already edited by Marcellino da Civezza, see supra. No. 32, p. 50, and an Italian text of the Marciana Library, CI. vi. 102, see supra, No. 65, p. 64. This work has no geographical value, the authority given by Domenichelli in his preface being Louis de Backer. Part of the documents supplied by Dr V. Joppi of Udine have some interest.
Notices: Tagliamento, 17 Sept. 1881, No. 27. — Patria del Friuli, 19 Sept., No. 223 ; 16 Sept. 1881, No. 221 (V. Joppi). — Archivio veneto, N.S., xxv, 1883, pp. 176-178 (C. Franzi). — Revue historique, xxi, 2, pp. 386-390 (J. von Zahn).
14. — IlaHe. Publications relatives au Frioul. Par J. von Zahn. {Revue historique, xxi, Paris, 1883, pp. 383-399.)
Notice on Domenichelli, pp. 386-390.
The article of v. Zahn has been translated by la Patria del Friuli, 27, 28 April; i, 3, 5, 11, 14, 15 May 1883; Nos. 100, loi, 103, 105, 107, 112, 114, 115 {Bib. Star. Friul No. 711).
1 5. — Les Voyages en Asie au xiv** siecle du bienheureux frere Odoric de Pordenone Religieux de Saint-Frangois publics avec une introduction et des notes par Henri Cordier, Professeur a I'Ecole des Langues Orientales vivantes & a I'Ecole des Sciences politiques. — Ouvrage orne de fac-similes, de gravures et d'une carte. — Paris, Ernest Leroux, m.d.ccc.xci, gr. in-8, pp. xiv-clviii- 602.
Contains : De'dicace a Sir Henry Yule. — Table des matieres.-^
BIBLIOGRAPHY 83
Table des illustrations. — Introduction. — Bibliographic. — Texte. — Index. — Carte.
Vol. X du Reciieil de Voyages et de Documents poia- servir a PHistoire de la Geographie depuis le XIIP jusqii'a la jfi?t du XVP Steele publie S021S la direction de MM. Ch. Schefer, viembre de rinstitut, et Henri Cordier. — Of this collection are printed 250 copies, of which 25 are on Dutch Hand-made paper. — 98 copies of the Introduction, of which 5 are on Dutch paper and 5 on simili-Japan, have been printed separately.
Notices : Bibliografia Friidana, in Pagine Fri^tlane, Anno IV, 14 Giugno 1 89 1, No. 4, by Vincenzo Joppi. — La Sci7itilla, 28 Giugno 1 89 1, by the same. — Bibliotheque de PEcole des Chartes, by Leopold Delisle, Lii, 1891, pp. 452-3- — T'oting Fao, No. 3, sept. 1891, pp. 260-8, by G. Schlegel. — Archivio Storico Jtaliano, Serie V, T. viii, 1891, by Eugene Muntz. — Rei'ue historique, li, Janv.-fev. 1893, pp. 2 10-2 11, by Gabriel Monod. — Revue Critique, No. 11, 13 mars 1893, pp. 197-202, by A. Barth. — La Scintilla, Venezia, 12, 19, 20 nov., 3, 15 dec. 1893, by V. Savi. — Revue des Questions scieiitifiques, Brussels, Jan. 1894, pp. 266-8, by J. van den Gheyn. — La Geographie, VP annee, No. 251, 21 sept. 1893, by Henry Monet. — Revue de Geographie, Sept. 1 89 1, pp. 238-9, by Gabriel Marcel.
C— SUNDRY BOOKS AND PAPERS WHICH TREAT OF ODORIC AND HIS TRAVELS
I.— Historiarum Seraphicae Religionis libri tres, seriem tem- porum continentes, quibus brevi explicantur fundamenta universi Ordinis, amplificatio, gradus et instituta, nee non viri scientia, virtutibus et fama praeclari, a Fratre Petro Rodulpho Tossinianensi Minorita Conventuali. Venetiis, apud Franciscum de Franciscis Senensem. 1586, fol.
(Contains a Life of Odoric.)
2. — De Origine // Seraphicae Religionis Fraciscanae // eiusq; progressibus, de Regularis // Obseruaciae institutione, forma ad // ministrationis ac legibus, admirabiliq. // eius propagatione. // F. Francisci Gonzagae // eiusdem Religionis Ministri Gnalis. // ad // S. D. N. Sixtvm V. // opus in quatuor partes diuisarum. //
6—2
84 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Earum quid unaquaeque // contineat. // sequens pagina indicabit. // Romae. // Cu licetia Superioru // 1587, fol.
P. 97: " B. Odoricus Forliciensis {sic) vir sanctus, atq; deuotus, qui Asiam, & Indiatn zelo fidei euangelizando peragrauit, in conuentu Vtinensi foeliciter obdormiuit in Domino : quique in Patriarchatu Aquileiensi inter sanctos relatus est, «& sanctorum quatuor martyrum corpora, de ciuitate Heroues ad superiorem Indiam in ciuitatem Carram, non sine ingenti miraculo per mare transtulit."
3. — Delle // Croniche // de' frati vmnon jj parie seconda, H divisa in dieci libri, // Nella quale si contiene quello, che occorse nella Religione del Padre // San Francesco, nel tempo di venti- quattro Ministri Generali, // per lo spatio d' anni centocinquanta. // Composta dal Padre Fra Marco da Lisbona, in Lingua Portu- ghese, // Poi ridotta nella Castigliana dal Padre Fra Filippo da Sosa. // Et tradotta nella nostra Italiana dal Sig. Horatio Diola. // Con Tauole copiosissime, & in questa quarta edittione // corretta, & migliorata. // Con privilegi. // In Venetia, appresso i Gioliti. // M.DCVI. 4to.
Odoric, lib. VIII, cap. xviii, xix, xx and xxi, pp. 461-465.
4. — Panegyris de Beato Odorico de Porta Naonis, Ordinis Fratrum Minorum Sancti Francisci, auctore Joanne Baptista Gabello, cum esset in Ecclesia Sancti Uldarici de Villa Nova in Dioecesi Concordiensi servus. Utini, apud Lorium, 1627, 4to.
Valentinelli.
5. — Vita del Beato Odorico da Pordenone, scritta da d. Marco da Lisbona. Udine, Schiratti, 1634. Valentinelli.
6. — Giambattista Gabello. — Vita del Beato Odorico Mattiuzzi. Udine, Schiratti, 1639, 8vo. Valentinelli, II ed.
7. — Vita Beati Odorici Foro-Iuliensis, Ordinis Minorum, excerpta ex praeclaris et lucidissimis annalibus Minorum, auctore Reverendo Patre Frate Luca Waddingo Hiberna eiusdem Ordinis, tom. terti. Frater Bernardinus Treus Utinensis Ordinis Minorum Conventualium, Artium et Sacrae Theologiae Doctor et in sua Provincia Divi Antonii de Patavio Dififinitor perpetuus, ex sua peculiari devotione in Beatum Odoricum, anno 1654, existente
BIBLIOGRAPHY 85
Guardiano Admod. Reverendo Patre Fratre Francisco Barbana. Utini, Typis Nicolai Schiratti, 1654, 8v"0. Domenichelli.
8. — Historic // della // provincia del Frivli // dell' abbate // Gio : Francesco Palladio // de gli Olivi, // givreconsvlto, e patritio vdinese, // nell' academia de gli sventati detto il Ferace. // Divise in dve parti. // Dedicate all' lUustrissimo, & Eccellentissimo Sig, // Co. Giacomo Gabriel // Per la Sereniss. Republica di A'^enetia, &c. // Luogotenente Generale della stessa Prouincia. // In Vdine, Appresso Nicolb Schiratti. MDCLX, // Con licenza de' svperiori. 2 vols. fol.
Odoric, I, pp. 324-5.
9.— Vitae Paparvm Avenionensivm...Stephanus Balvzivs edidit...Parisiis, Muguet, 1693, 2 vols. 4to. Odoric, I, col. 702-3, 141 1, 1417.
10, — Annales Minorum seu trium ordinum a S. Francisco Institutorum auctore a R. P. Luca Waddingo Hiberno...Editio secunda, locupletior, & accuratior opera et studio R"" P. Josephi Mariae Fonseca ab Ebora. — Romae, 1 731-1747, 22 vols. fol.
See Odoric, vol. vii, Romae, 1733, pp. 123—6. — In vol. vi, under date 132 1, p. 358, is related the transfer to Zaitun of the bones carried to Supera by Friar Jordanus and disinterred by Odoric: "secum tulit in Indiam superiorem, ad Fratrum Ccenobium urbis Zaiton, Rodulphus Carram appelat."
II. — Vita, e viaggi || del || B. Odorico || da Udine || descritti || da don Basilio Asquini || bernabita, || e dedicati alii MM.RR.PP. || Guardiano, e religiosi tutti 1| Del Ven. Convento di San Fran- cesco II della stessa Citta. || In Udine, mdccxxxvii. || Nella Stamperia di Giambattista Murero. || Con licenza de' Superiori. Small 8vo, pp. xvi-260, with a figure at the beginning engraved by Antonio Zuliani.
12. — A New General Collection of Voyages and Travels... London : Printed for Thomas Astley, 1 745-1 747, 4 vols. 410. Odoric, IV, p. 620.
13. — Compendio della vita, virtu, morte e miracoli, del b. Odorico da Udine. Udine, Murero, 175S, 8vo. Valentinelli.
86 BIBLIOGRAPHY
14. — Notizie // delle vite ed opere // scritte da' Letterati del Friuli // raccolte // da Gian-Giuseppe Liruti // Signer de Villa- fredda, ec. // Accademico nella Societa Colombaria // di Firenze, // e deir Accademia Udinese. // In Venezia // MDCCLX, // appresso Modesto Fenzo, // i, 4to.
Cap. XVII. // B. Odorico da Pordenone, altrimente detto da Udiiie, deir Ordine de^ Frati Minori di S. Francesco^ pp. 274-290.
15. — Storia della Letteratura Italiana del Cavaliere Abate Girolamo Tiraboschi...Tomo v. Dall' anno MCCC fino all' anno MCCCC Roma, MDCCLXXXIII, 4to.
Odoric, pp. 105-109.
16. — History of the Voyages and Discoveries made in the North. Translated from the German of John Reinhold Forster, I.U.D. and elucidated by several new and original Maps. London : Printed for G. G. J. & J. Robinson, M.DCC.LXXXVI, 4to.
Odoric, pp. 147-8.
17 — Geschichte der wichtigsten geographischen Entdeckungen bis zur Ankunft der Portugiesen in Japan 1542, von Matthias Christian Sprengel, Professeur der Geschichte in Halle. Zweite vermehrte Auflage. Halle, 1792, small 8vo, pp. 420, without the tab. and the prel. leaves.
See Odoric, pp. 340-359. " It is printed with desperate inaccuracy," says Yule, Cathay, p. 38.
18.— Historical Account of Discoveries and Travels in Asia, from the earliest ages to the present time. By Hugh Murray... Edinburgh, 1820, 3 vols. 8vo.
Odoric, I, C. iv, pp. 183 seq.
19. — Sacra Rituum Congregatio, Eminentissimo et Reveren- dissimo Dom. Cardin. Somalia Praefecto et Ponente Utinensi, seu Ordinis Minorum Sancti Francisci, approbat lectiones proprias in officio Beati Odorici Matthiussi, instante Reverendissimo Episcopo Utinensi. Rornae, 1822. Ex typis Camerae Apostolicae, folio, pp. 16.
Valentinelli.
20. — History of Maritime and Inland Discovery. By William Desborough Cooley. London, 1830-1, 3 vols. 8vo. Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia, — See Book iii.
BIBLIOGRAPHY ?>'/
2 1. — Ragguaglio breve della vita del B. Odorico Mattiuzzi, Udine, Murero, 1824, in-i6. Valentinelli.
22. — Oderic, appele vulgairement de Portenau. Par La Renaudiere. {Biogmphie uuiverselk, xxxi, p. 162.)
23. — Oderic de Pordenone, Par H. Fisquet. {Nouvelle Biographie generak, xxxviii, col. 469—471.) An insignificant and erroneous article.
24. — Relation des Mongols ou Tartares par le frere Jean du Plan de Carpin de I'ordre des Freres Mineurs, legat du Saint- Siege apostolique, nonce en Tartaric pendant les anne'es 1245, 1246 et 1247, et archeveque d'Antivari. Premiere edition com- plete publiee d'apres les manuscrits de Leyde, de Paris et de Londres, et prece'dee d'une notice sur les anciens voyages de Tartaric en general, et sur celui de Jean du Plan de Carpin en particulier, par M. d'Avezac. {Recueil de Voyages et de Memoires ptiblie par la Societe de geographie, iv, Paris, Arthus-Bertrand, 1839, pp. 397-779-)
Oderic Matthiussi, pp. 417-419,
25. — Histoire ge'nerale des Missions catholiques depuis le xiii*^ siecle jusqu'a nos jours, par M. le Baron Henrion. Paris, Gaume, 1847, 2 vols, large 8vo.
Odoric, I, pp. 111-112. — See in French edition, a long note of Prof. G. del Negro, regarding the Italian translation of this work.
26. — Discorso intorno all' Itinerario del Beato Odorico Matiussi da Udine Missionario Apostolico dell' Ordine de' Minori. Con appendice.
Pub. in Nos. 5 and 6 of the year v of the Cronaca delle Missioni Francescane {Komdt., 1865). A reply to the anonymous Italian translator of the Histoire des Missions catholiques of Henrion.
M. da Civezza, Bibl. Sanfrancescana, No. 194.
27.— -Charles MacFarlane. — Romance of Travel : The East. — London, 1847, 2 vols. 8vo.
28. — Le Christianisme en Chine, en Tartaric et au Thibet. By M. Hue... Paris, Gaume freres, 1857-8, 4 vols. 8vo. Odoric de Frioul, i, pp. 398-411.
88 BIBLIOGRAPHY
29. — Die Missionen in Indien und China im vierzehnten Jahrhundert. (G. Phillips' u?id G. Gorres Historisch-Politische Blatter fiir das katholische Deiitschland, Miinchen, 1856, i Bd.) — I. Die Mission in Meliapor und Tana, pp. 25-38. — II. Die Mission in Columbo, pp 135-152. — III. Die Mission in China, pp. 225-252. — {Ibid., 1856, II Bd.) — IV. Der Missionsbericht des Odoricus von Pordenone, pp. 507-537. — V. Der Reise- bericht des Johannes Marignola, pp. 701-719, 793—813. — {Ibid., 1859, I Bd.) Die Mission in China, pp. 677-681.
By Prof. F. Kunstmann.
30. — Histoire universelle de I'EgUse catholique, par I'abbe Rohrbacher — precedee d'une notice biographique et Htteraire par Charles Sainte-Foi, augmentee de notes inedites de I'auteur coUigees par A. Murcier, ancien eleve de I'ficole des Chartes, et suivie d'un atlas geographique specialement dresse pour I'ouvrage par A.-H. Dufour. 3^^ ed. Paris, Gaume, 1857-61, 29 vols. 8vo.
XX, 1858, Odoric de Frioul, pp. 150-152.
31. — Storia universale delle Missioni Francescane del P. Marcellino da Civezza M. O. della provincia di Genova. Vol. in, Roma, Tip. Tiberina, 1859, 8vo, pp. 796.
On Odoric, see chap, xii, pp. 467-519, and the voyage from the Munich Latin MS., No. 903, pp. 739-781.
32. — De // Seraphiensche Palmboom // of // Levens // van de // Heilige en vermaerde Mannen en Vrouwen // uit de dry orden Van S. Franciscus, // door // P. Benignus Fremaut, // Minderbroeder-RecoUect. // uitgegeven door // de Minder- broeders-RecoUecteu der provincie van S. Joseph in Belgie. // Sint-Truiden, Vanwest-Pluymers, 1860—1875. 12 vols. 8vo.
I, i860, Januarius [14 de Januarius]. Leve?t van den zaligen Odoricus van Poi'to-Naono, pp. 665—678. (Ex Waddingo et Joanne BoUando, Soc. Jesu.)
33.- L' itinerario del beato Odorico Mattiussi, discorso con appendici. (Nello Stato del Gittnasio arcivescovile di Udifte, alia fine deir anno scolastico 1865.) Udine, tip. Jacob e Colmegna, 1S65, 8vo, pp. 54.
Per Luigi Fabris. — See Rivista fi'iulana, 10 settembre 1865, No. 37. — Bib. Star. FriuL, No. 102.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 89
34. — Storia di Cambanau, di Taid e d' altri luoghi dell' India, narrata dal Beato Odorico del Friuli, anno mcccxxx. Bologna, Tipi Fava e Garagnani, 1866, 24mo, pp. 48.
" Per le faustissime nozze dell' egregio giovane signor Tito DALLA NocE coUa virtuosa donzella signora Adelaide Golinelli avvenute nella primavera del mdccclxvi." — This little brochure is taken from pp. 311-317 of the third edition of Zambrini's bibliography with the addition of four new chapters. — 100 copies printed. — See Zambrini, 4th ed., p. 718.
35. — Madotina delle Grazie, Nos. 6, 7 and 8 of 9, 16 and 23 January 1869.
Three short articles devoted to Odoric. Bib. Stor. FriuL, No. 128.
36. — Le Palmier seraphique...par M. Malvoisin...et Mgr. Paul Guerin. Bar-le-Duc, Louis Guerin, 12 vols. 8vo, 1870 seq,
37. — Les Petits Bollandistes...par Mgr. Paul Guerin. Bar- le-Duc, Louis Guerin, 1872, 8vo.
14 January, p. 340, a few lines devoted to Odoric.
38. — Cenni suUa vita e sui viaggi del B'' Odorico del Friuli, di Dionigio LargaioUi. (Nella CronacaliceaIeperPa7inoi8'J4.-'/^.) Catania, tip. Bellini, 1876, 8vo, pp. 58.
Rep. with a few variants, Potenza, tip. Favata, 1878, i8mo, p. 55. — Bib. Stor. Fj-iitl., No. 433.
39. — The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian... by Colonel Sir Henry Yule... Third edition, revised... by Henri Cordier... London, John Murray, 1903, 2 vols. 8vo.
40. — II Beato Odorico di Pordenone ed i suoi viaggi : cenni dettati dal Colonello Enrico Yule, Presidente della Societa Hakluyt di Londra, quando s' inaugurava in Pordenone il busto di Odorico il giorno 23^° settembre mdccclxxxi, br. 8vo, pp. 8.
" Inscritto, colla piu grata ed amena ricordanza, ai signori Friulani, Vincenzo Joppi di Udine, e Lorenzo Bianchi di Porde- none."
Italian translation of Count Ugo Balzani.
Printed in London : T. Richards, 37, Great Queen Street, W.C.
Patria del Friuli^ 16 sept. i88r. No. 221. (V. Joppi.) — Revue historiqjie, xxi, 2, p. 38S. (Zahn.)
90 BIBLIOGRAPHY
41. — Odoric. By Henry Yule. {Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th ed., XVII, pp. 728-9.) An interesting resume. 42. — II beato Odorico Mattiussi. {Tagliamento, 14 maggio
1881, No. 19.) Pordenone, tip. Gatti, 1881, fol., 2 col.
In the preceding No., 7th May, the Tagliamento announced that the communal council, in its sitting of the 4th May, had voted unanimously that a bust of Odoric be erected in the Communal Hall and that the work be entrusted to the sculptor Luigi Minisini. — Bib. Stor. FriuL, No. 670.
43. // Taglia/nento, periodico settimanale, Anno XI, Porde- none, 23 settembre 1881, n. 38; Pordenone, tip. Gatti, 1881, fol., col. 12.
44. — Cittadino Italiano, 25 settembre 1881, No. 215.
Bib. Stor. FriuL, No. 669.
45. — II B. Odorico da Pordenone. Cenni storici. (Dal Cittadino Italiano del 23 settembre.) Br. Svo, pp. 23, Portrait.
Verso of the brochure : Udine. — Tip. Lit. Patronato. An interesting notice published in 1881, for the inauguration of the bust of Odoric at Pordenone, written, I was told at Udine, by Prof. Giovanfii del Negro.
46. — Dom Foschia. — II beato Odorico di Udine. — Udine,
1882, Svo, pp. 26.
47.— Commentarii dei Fatti di Aquileja di Giovanni Candido [Udine, 1884. — Tip. M. Bardusco], br. large 4to, pp. 14.
"Nozze Blum-Levi." Dedication to Giulio Blum signed A. Purasanta, dated : Udine, li 29 ottobre 1884. Contains a valueless notice of the voyages of Odoric. — From Candido's work, edited at Venice in 1544, by Michiele Tramezino, i6mo, pp. 63- 68. The original work was published under the title : Conimen- tariorum Aquilejensium libri octo, Joannis Candidi Jurisconsulti. Venetiis, per Alexandrum de Bindonibus, 15 21, fol. Odoric,
ff. XXVI-XXVIII.
48.— -Ferd. Blasisch. — Document! e notizie sulla vita di S. Odorico. Udine, 1884, Svo, pp. 22.
49. — Histoire du Commerce du Levant au Moyen Age par W. Heyd... Edition frangaise refondue et conside'rablement augmentee par I'auteur, publiee sous le patronage de la Societe
BIBLIOGRAPHY 9I
de rOrient latin par Furcy Raynaud. Leipzig, Otto Harrassowitz, 1 885- 1 886, 2 vols. 8vo.
Odoric, 11, pp. 132, 151, 220 et seq., 246.
50. — Gli illustri viaggiatori italiani con una Antologia dei loro scritti, per Pietro Amat di S. Filippo. Roma, " Opinione," 1885, 8vo, pp. viii-548.
Odoric, pp. 19-31.
51. — L'Aureole Seraphique, Vie des Saints et des Bienheureux des trois ordres de Saint-Frangois, par le T. R. P. Leon, Ex- Provincial des Franciscains de I'Observance. Paris, Bloud et Barral, 4 vols. i2mo, n. d. [1886].
Vol. I, pp. 270-7, 3 feVrier, B. Odoric de Pordenone.
52. — Vies des Saints et des Bienheureux de I'ordre de Saint- Frangois dont le culte a ete approuve par I'Eglise (abrege de V Aureole Seraphique), par le T. R. P. Leon, Ex-Provincial des Franciscains de I'Observance. Paris, Bloud et Barral, 1887, i2mo.
3 fevrier, Odoric, pp. 11-13.
53. — Untersuchungen iiber Johann von Mandeville und die Quellen seiner Reisebeschreibung. Von Albert Bovenschen. {Zeitschrift d. Ges. fiir Erdkunde zii Berlin, xxiii Bd., 3 und 4 Hft., No. 135, 136, pp. 177-306.)
54. — "Pro Patria" Alfred Gumma. Le Uondiin et les Philippines Lettres a M. le President de la " Societe Geograph- ique de Paris." i6mo, pp. 122.
Printed at Barcelona.
55. — Einundzwanzigstes Programm der Realschule mit Pro- gymnasium zu Leisnig als Einladungsschrift zu den offentlichen Priifungen am 3. und 4. April 1895. — Inhalt : (i) Abhandlung des Oberlehrers Max Gnauck : Odorich von Pordenone, ein Orientreisender des 14. Jahrhunderts. — (2) Schulnachrichten, verfasst vom Direktor. — Druck von Herrm. Ulrich in Leisnig. 1895. Progr. Nr. 583. 4to, pp. 55.
56. — Delia Patria e deila Nazionalitk del Beato Odorico da Pordenone, por V. Savi. (Estratto del Nuovo Archivio Veneio, tomo XI, parte 11, coi tipi dei Fratelli Visentini, Venezia, 1896.)
Nuovo Archivio Veneto, 1896, xi, pp. 301-325.
57. — Hugh Clifford. — Further India. ..London, 1904, Svo.
92 BIBLIOGRAPHY
D.— BIBLIOGRAPHICAL WORKS
I. — Biblioteca italiana ossia notizia de' libri rari italiani divisa in quattro parti cioe istoria, poesia, prose, arti e scienze, gia compilata da Niccola Francesco Haym. Edizione corretta, ampliata, e di giudizj intorno alie migliori opere arricchita. Con tavole copiosissime e necessarie. — Milano. Giovanni Silvestri, 1803, 4 vols. 8vo.
2. — Bibliografia del Friuli. — Saggio di Giuseppe Valentinelli socio corrispondente dell' Accademia d' Udine. Edizione sovvenuta dell' Imp. Accademia delle Scienze in Vienna. Venezia, Tipografia' del Commercio, 1861, 8vo, pp. viii-540.
Odoric, pp. 384-5.
3. — Repertoire des Sources historiques du Moyen Age par Ulysse Chevalier. — Bio- Bibliographie. Nouvelle edition refondue, corrigee et considerablement augmentee. Paris, Alphonse Picard et fils, Janvier 1905-Septembre 1907, 2 vols. 8vo.
Odoric, 3402-3403.
4. — Saggio di Bibliografia geografica, storica. etnografica, Sanfrancescana per Fr. Marcellino da Civezza M. O. In Prato, per Ranieri Guasti, editore-libraio. 1879, ^^o? PP- xiv-698.
Odoric, No. 194, p. 148.— 465, pp. 433-434.
5. — Le Opere volgari a stampa dei secolo xiii e xiv indicate e descritte da Francesco Zambrini. Quarta Edizione con appen- dice. Bologna, Nicola Zanichelli, 1884, 8vo, pp. lv-co1. 1172- 202.
Odoric, col. 714-718, 118.
6. — Societa geografica italiana. Studi biografici e bibliografici suUa Storia della Geografia in Italia pubblicati in occasione del III**. Congresso Geografico Internazionale. Volume i. — Bio- grafia dei Viaggiatori italiani colla bibliografia delle loro opere per P. Amat di S. Filippo. Edizione seconda. Roma, alia sede della Societa, 1882, 8vo.
Oderico da Pordenone, pp. 85-98.
7. — BiBLiOTHECA SiNiCA. — Dictionnaire bibliograpliique des ouvrages relatifs a I'empire chinois, par Henri Cordier. Paris, E. Guilmoto, 1904- 1908, 2 vols, large 8vo.
Vol. in, Odoric, col. 2005-2018.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 93
8. — Accademia di Udine. Bibliografia Storica Friulana dal 1861 al 1882 di Giuseppe Occioni-Bonaffons. Udine, Tip. G.-B. Doretti, 1883, 8vo.
Odoric, Nos. 102, 128, 129, 433, 469, 667, 668, 670, 671, 711.
— da] 1 86 1 al 1885 di Giuseppe Occioni-Bonaffons. Vol. secondo. Udine, Tip. G.-B. Doretti, 1887, 8vo.
Odoric, Nos. 820, 956, 11 56.
E.— TEXT OF THIS EDITION
After what has been said about the variations in the different copies of Odoric, it will be obvious that before preparing a trans- lation, it becomes necessary (on the principle of catching your hare before cooking it) to ascertain the text which is to be translated. The determination verbatim of a standard text is not possible under the circumstances, but fortunately a large proportion of the variations disappear in translation, as they are not variations in sense. As regards the variations in proper names, in most cases it is possible to deduce from the facts which reading is nearest the truth, though often considerable study has been necessary to ascertain their real indications. Among the variations in other matters, the editor has exercised his judgment in selecting what seemed to be the most probable readings. And where it seemed a pity to omit additional particulars that were curious or interesting, though depending on doubtful or excep- tional authority, these have been interpolated into the translation within brackets.
A translation however thus formed requires what the French call "justificative pieces," that the editor's authority for everything may be traced, and that he may not be thought to have developed a new Odoric out of his "moral consciousness." It seemed therefore indispensable to print a Latin text with notes of the collations made.
I had wished to print this text from the copy of Henry of Glatz, the only type of the four already discriminated which never has been printed in full ; and a transcript of the Paris MS. (No. 36 above), which was understood to be of this type, was commissioned. By some mistake, or for some un- explained reason, the transcript was made from the other Paris
94 BIBLIOGRAPHY
MS. (No. 35 above) ; and I have therefore been obliged to print this as my Latin text ; for the Farsetti MS. in St Mark's (No. 47) is not correct enough for the purpose, and there were stronger reasons against using the Arundel MS. (No. 7), the only other one available to me which is not already in print. It did not suit the object to print an Italian text only, or the St Mark's MS. (Italian No. 65 above) would have been unexceptional.
To the Latin text, however, I have added the Italian of the Florence Palatine MS. In introducing this version, I feel tempted to borrow a formula from a late venerable person- age, who presented a newly married lady to his friends as selected " not for her looks, as they saw, but because she was good." The MS. is indeed in the basest style, and has neither looks nor goodness to recommend it. But it is eminently curious, as containing so many remarkable passages which appear in no other copy of Odoric, and when one is trying to dispose of Odoric once for all it seems worthy of print. The most notable passages in which the Minor Rmnusian deviates from this, as well as from the Latin copies, are brought forward in the notes to this version. In printing it, what seemed mere vulgarisms of spelling, such as rengno for regno, pripristeli for pipistrelli, have not been followed.
In the comparison of the Latin copies a word by word colla- tion has been out of the question, but it has been intended to record all important variations of proper names, all important variations of sense, and such variations of mere expression as there seemed any sufficient reason for noting.
The subdivision of the narrative into chapters is in all the MSS. very various, irregular and capricious. I have made a new division, assigning short headings in my translation, and for reasons of obvious convenience have extended this also to the Latin and Italian texts. It is to be understood, therefore, that the marginal headings of chapters in these are interpolations, and no part of the originals \
1 I have kept the text and the divisions of Sir Henry Yule ; also most of his notes. I have added a good many various readings at the foot of the pages, and a number of new notes to bring the book up to the science of the present day. — H. C.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 95
F.— LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED TO INDICATE THE COPIES
A.S., or Boll. Printed Text of the