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CONTRIBUTIONS
LATIN LEXICOGRAPHY
NETTLESHIP
HENRY FROWDE
Oxford University Press Warehouse Amen Corner, E.C.
CONTRIBUTIONS
TO
LATIN LEXICOGRAPHY
BY
HENRY NETTLESHIP, M.A.
CORPUS PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
Oxfotb
AT THE CLARENDON TRESS
1889
[^// n'g/its fcseit'af ]
HDedicateti to JOHN EDWARD BICKERSTETH MAYOR
PROFESSOR OF LATIN, AND FELLOW OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.
PREFACE.
In i<S75 the Delegates of the Oxford University Press proposed to me that I should undertake the compilation of a new Latin-English Lexicon, of something the same compass as the Greek-English Lexicon of Liddcll and Scott. I acceded to the proposal in the expectation, for which I had at the time what appeared to be good grounds, that I should obtain adequate assistance in the work. My hopes were, however, disappointed. With the exception of some isolated contributions from friends. which will be mentioned in their place, I failed to get anything like the amount of steady co-operation which I had looked for, and without which it would have been madness to put my hand to such a task.
By the summer of 1887 I had completed nearl}- all the letter A (a tenth part of the whole work), and had also written a number of articles and notes under the other letters. The Delegates of the Press then made a second proposal, that I should publish, in a volume of moderate size, such parts of my manuscript as appeared to me to contain additions to, or improvements upon, what may be found in the current Latin-]£nglish dictionaries.
It is necessary to recapitulate these facts, in order to explain the fragmentary character of the present work. The volume contains about half of what I had written under the letter A, and most of my notes and articles under the other letters.
In making the selection I have taken Lewis and Shorts Dictionary as my basis ; and have published nothing which I do not, on full consideration, deem to be a^necessary^ improvement u})on that work. Either the arrangement of the instances and the general treatment of a word ha\ e been
viii PREFACE.
altered ; or new views of its interpretation have been ad- vanced ; or references have been corrected ; or new in- stances, or new words, or new explanations, have been added ; or wrong readings and wrong explanations expunged.
Throughout the whole of the letter A, and indeed in writing almost all the longer articles, I have systematic- ally had three dictionaries before me, De Vit's edition of Forcellini, Georges's German-Latin Haiid-wortcrbncJi (7th edition, 1879-1880), and the work of Lewis and Short. I have also, in some important articles, used the collections of instances in Georges ^ and Miihlmann's half-finished Thesaurus Der Classischen Latinitdt (Leipzig, 1 854-1 868). Of these lexicons, De Vit's Forcellini is, as a rule, the fullest, and that of Georges the most critical. The latter, however, labours under one disadvantage. It omits a great number of special references, and cannot, therefore, be used to the exclusion of other dictionaries.
I have also uniformly consulted a great number of indiccs_ andspecial lexicons ; as, for instance, Merguet^s Lexicon to Cicero's Speeches, that of Gerber and Greef to Tacitus, Eichert'^ to Caesar '^, Polle's to the Metamorphoses gf O^idj, Bonnell's to Quintilian, Dirksen's to the Digest, In- stitutes, and Codes oTTheodosius and JustiniaiL;. Dietsch/s index to SaHust, Nohl's to Vitruvius, the Delphjn indices to Lucretius and VergiL.and \k^&ind'ices to the ecclesiastical writers, whose works have so far appeared m the new Vienna Corpus Scrip fonnn Ecclesiasticoruni Latinoruin, besides those of several volumes of the Berlin Corpus Inscriptionujii, and Wilmanns's Syllogc Inscriptionuni.
Among modern works directly dealing with Latin lexi- cography, I am specially indebted to the Itala und V?ilgata and Das Neue Testament Tertullians of the late Dr.
' The first instalments of Georges's Lexicon Der Laicinischen IVort/ormen, and Wagener's new edition of Neue's Forinenlehre, appeared while these sheets were going through the press.
^ I should, of course, have used Merguet's Lexicon to Caesar, but it ap- pe.Tred too late. As it is, I have on several occasions consulted it."
PREFACE. ix
Hermann Ronsch. as well as to his last pamphlet, Semasiolo- gische Bciirdge, presented by its author to the Delegates of the Clarendon Press. I also owe much to the collections of Dr. Carl von Paucker, to be found in the following monographs, namely, De Latinitate Scriptonivi Historiac Augustae (Dorpat, 1870), S?ilniidciida Lcxicis Latinis (Petersburg. 1H72), Kleinc Bcitrdge zur LatciniscJicu Lexi- cograpJiie (Petersburg, 1H72), Addenda Lcxicis Latinis (Dorpat, 1872), Mcletemata Lexistorica Altera (Dorpat, 1875), Mclctcmatuin Lcxistoricornm Spcciinen (Dorpat, I?)'] ^), A 71 hang Z7i Bcitrdge, etc. (Dorpat, 1875), Spicileginm Addcndornin Lcxicis Latinis (Mitau, 1875). The great Latin TJicsanrns, instalments of which ni-p now bfing publishccl in the ArcJiiv fiir Latcinische LcxicpgrapJiie nnd Gravimatik edited by Professor Fdwar^l Wolffliiij I have had constantly before me since its first appearance in 1884. I have, however, made no attempt to embody all, or any- thing like all. the matter which it contains. Had I done so, this volume must have been enlarged far beyond the proposed limits ; nor, indeed, would there have been any advantage in merely repeating or abridging articles which, being written in Latin, are accessible to the scholars of every country, and which are projected on a scale large cnough__to exhaust w^ell-nigh all the instances__of evory wore! \\'hich they treat.
For special contributions, I am indebted to Mr. T. W. Jackson, Fellow of Worcester College, who furnished me with an excellent index to Terence ; to Mr. A. C. Madan, Student of Christ Church, who did the same for Propertius and the first decade of Livy ; to Mr. J. H. Onions, Student of Christ Church, who made an index to the second volume, and the first part of the sixth, of the Berlin Corpus Inscrip- iionum. and who has given me other valuable assistance ; to Mr. Iwclyn Abbott, Fellow of lialliol College and to Mr. F. A. Whittuck, Fellow of Oriel College, who furnished me with notes on Plautus and on Gains respectively. These con- tributions, with the exception of Mr. A. C. Madan's, extend
X PREFACE.
only to the letter A. Mr. W. M. Lindsay, Fellow of Jesus College; Mr. J. T. A. Haines, Fellow of University College ; Mr. E. C. Owen, Fellow of New College ; and Mr. Sidney Hamilton, Fellow of Hertford College, also contributed work under the letter B, which would have proved serviceable, had any hope appeared of continuing and completing the lexicon. I have also quoted notes kindly communicated by Mr. F. Haverfield and Professor J. E. B. Mayor. The work of compilation, which, with the best will in the world, must form a large part of a lexico- grapher's task, I have endeavoured to supplement through- out, as far as possible, by constant reading in Latin literature. I have verified, and examined with regard to its context, every reference in the book, with the exception (i) of those under the letter A to Terence, Livy, Gaius, and the second and sixth volumes of the Corptis Inscriptionum, and (2) of those which are expressly cited on the authority of some other scholar.
The arrangement of the meanings, and the general treatment of the words, are in all cases my own. The names of the authors referred to are given, under each head of interpretation, in chronological order ; an arrange- ment which, though obviously desirable and even necessary, I have found in none of the current Latin dictionaries, although, as might be expected, it is observed in the articles in Wolfflin's Airhiv.
I have inserted a great number of proper names, mainly from the Coi'pus Inscriptioniim, and could, had space per- mitted, have given a great many more. Historical informa- tion about persons and places seems to me out of place in any but a classical dictionary {Reallexicon\ and all such I have therefore rigidly excluded ; but the forms of proper names, which are only petrified nouns, may be of service to the etymologist, if only by indicating the extent to which a given language employed a particular base or root.
If, as Mark Pattison said, ' the librarian who reads is lost,' so is the lexicographer who specializes. But I have
PREFACE. xi
thought it my duty to devote a great deal of time to the remains of ancient Latin scholarship which are preserved in the lexicographical works of Verrius Flaccus (or rather his epitomators), Nonius, Placidus, and Isidore, and in the com- mentaries of Servius, Aelius and Tiberius Donatus, Asconius and the Pseudo-Asconius, Placidus, Eugraphius. and the anonymous scholia to various authors. I have also worked a great deal at such of the ancient Latin glossaries as are in print, besides one or two in manuscript. These glos- saries, to the proper use and understanding of which Gustav Lowe has introduced us in his Prodrovius Glossari- orum, clearly contain a substratum of very ancient and valuable work. The earliest pure Latin glossaries are probably based ultimately upon the collections of the first and second century A. D. A second stage is marked by the Latin-Greek and Greek-Latin glossaries, and the Idiomata Gcuennii, or comparisons of Greek and Latin gender, taken from them. These are, in all probability, later than the transference of the seat of government to Constantinople. A third stage is that of the medieval glossaries, whether large collections of pure Latin glosses, or mixed compila- tions of pure Latin with Latin-Greek, Latin- German, and Hebrew-Latin.
The great difficulties which at present beset many problems of Latin etymology have made me very cautious in advancing new theories of derivation. Latin etymology offers a number of perplexing questions peculiar to itself. The fact is easily accounted for by the consideration that Latin, as we know it, has no really old literature. It follows that the historical investigation of the derivation of Latin words has to start at a comparatively late period. Many of the most ordinary terms had been long fixed in their meaning before the date of the earliest literary docu- ments ; and the steps by which that meaning has been developed cannot be traced. For the same reason, it is extremely difficult to trace the early history of the Latin vowel sounds and accents, and to explain the apparent
xii PREFACE.
anomalies often presented. Again, it is hard to dis- entangle the various dialectical elements of which literary Latin, as we know it, is composed. I should also add that the labour which I have given to the general study of Latin literature, and to the collection, verification, and arrangement of instances, has been so great as to leave me but little time for keeping abreast with the advances in method made by the new school of comparative philo- logists, fully as I recognize the importance of those advances.
When, therefore, I have started a new hypothesis in etymology^, I have based it, in most cases, largely upon considerations affecting the meaning and usage of the word. These are facts which, though they cannot be brought under such rigid laws as govern the changes of sound and accent, are still of very great importance ; though they are sometimes overlooked, even by the most careful investigators.
I am well aware that this volume embodies no more than an insignificant fragment of the work which Latin lexicographers must go through before their task is com- pleted. I shall be satisfied, however, if I succeed in opening the eyes of English scholars to the magnitude and importance of the subject. I shall be grateful to any reader who will offer me either new suggestions of any kind, or corrections of errors ; for errors there must be in so large a mass of references, though I have conscientiously done my best to avoid them.
My thanks are due to the editors and publishers of the Journal of Philology, for their permission to reprint the notes on Latin Lexicography w^hich I have from time to time published in that periodical.
HENRY NETTLESHIP.
Oxford, January, 1889.
• As in the case of the following words : adminiciihtni, adulter, aha, amnis, apcrio, arcesso, Argei, arnientuin, armilaiisia, as, assula, atictor II, augur, aura, bare, caerimonia, calvus, carina, cavilla, coniveo, dierectus, honor, ianto, indigites, instar, invito, laquear, liistro, niundus, noxa, obessus, cbnoxius, obscenus and obscurus, rccens, supplicium.
LIST OF AUTHORS OR BOOKS QUOTED, AND EDITIONS GENERALLY REFERRED TO.
Accius. In Ribbeck's Fragmenta Tragicorum Latinorum, both editions.
Acron or Pseudo-Acron. In Hauthal's edition of the Scholia to Horace.
Acta Pratrum Arvaliiun. Henzen.
Aetna. Editions of Munro, and Baehrens in his Poetae Latini Minores.
Afranius. In Ribheck's Fragmenta Comicorum Latincriun, both editions.
Africanus. See Scipio Aemilianus.
Africanum Bellum. Scriptor Belli Africani in Oehler's Caesar: and
Dinter's edition in the new Teubner scries. Agroecius. In Keil's Graminatici Latini, vol. 7. Alcimus Avitus. In Migne's Patrologia, vol. 59. Alexandrinum Bellum. Scriptor Belli Alexandrini in Oehler's Caesar,
and Dinter's edition in the new Teubner series. Ambrosius. In Migne's Patrologia, vol. 15. Ammianus Marcellinus. Gardthausen, 1874. Ampelius. Wolftlin in Halm's //wv/^, 1863. Anecdota Helvetica. In Keil's Graminatici Latini, vol. 8. Anthimus. In Valextixe Rose's Anecdota Graeca et Graeco-Latina, 1870. Anthologia Latina. Riese, 1869; Baeurens, in the fourth volume of his
Poetae Latini Minores, 1882. Apicius. ScHUCH, 1867.
Apuleius of Madaura. Hildebrand, Eyssenhardt. Apuleius De Herbarinn Virtutibits. Ackermann, 1788. Aquila Komanus. In Halm's Rhetores Latini Minores. Arator. Migne's Patrologia, vol, 68. Arnobius. Reifferscheid, in the new Vienna Corpus Scriptorum Eccle-
siasticornm. Arnobius lunior. Migne's Patrologia, vol. 53, p. 23S foil. Ars Anonyma Bernensis. In Keil's Graminatici Latini, vol. 8. Arusianus Messius. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 7. Asconius, and Pseudo-Ascouius, on Cicero. In Orelli's Cicero, vol. 5,
part 2. Atta. In Ribbeck's Comicorum Latinorum Fragmenta, editions i and 2. Auctor ad Herennium. See Corniflcius. Audax. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 7. Augustae Historiae Scriptores. Casaubox ; Peter, in Tcubner's scries.
xiv AUTHORS OR BOOKS QUOTED,
Augustiniis. In Migne's Patrologia; De Civilate Dei, DoMBART, in
Teubner's series. Avianus. Ellis. Avienus. Breysig, Holder. Aurelius Victor. Caesares, Delphin edition. Ausonius. Peiper, in Teubner's series.
Boethius. In Migne's Patrologia, vols. 63 and 64; his commentaries on Cicero in Orelli's Cicero, vol. 5.
Caecilius Statius. In Ribbeck's Comicortim Latinorum Fragmenta, editions I and 2.
Caelius Aurelianus. Amman.
Caesar. Nipperdey, Hofmann, Kraner.
Caper. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 7-
Capitolinus. In the Scriptores Historiae Augustae.
Carmen de Ponderibus. In Riese's Anthologia Latina, no. 486.
Cassianus. CoUationes, Petschenig, in the Vienna Corpus Scripiorum Ec- clesiasticorum.
Cassiodorius. In Migne's Patrologia, vols. 69, and 70 ; and Keil's Gratn- viatici Latini, vol. 7.
Cato. Fragments of the Origines and Orationes, and Cartnen De Moribus, Jordan; Res Rustica, Schneider and Keil.
Catullus. Text and Commentary by Ellis and Baehrens ; MUNRO, Criti- cisms and Elucidations of Catullus. •
Celsus. De Jl/edicina, Daremberg.
Censorinus. Hultsch, in Teubner's series.
Chalcidius. Wrobel.
Charisius. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. I.
Chronicon of Eusebius and Jerome. Schone.
Cicero. Generally, Orelli and Baiter ; for the orations, C. F. W. Muller; for special orations, Halm, Reid, Holden, Heitland, Wilkins ; for the rhetorical works, Sorof, Jahn, Wilkins, Heerdegen, Sandys ; for the correspondence, Boot, Watson, Tyrrell; for the philosophical w^orks, KuHNER, ScHOMANN, J. B. MAYOR, Madvig, Du Mesnil, Reid, C. F. W, MiJLLER. (N.B. Cicero is alw^ays quoted according to the smaller sections.)
Ciris. In Ribbeck's Appendix Vergiliana ; Baehrens, in Poetae Latini Minores, vol. 2.
Claudianus. Jeep.
Claudianus Mamertus. Engelbrecht, in the Vienna Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum.
Cledonius. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 5.
Codex lustinianeus. Herrmann, 1872 (in the Corpus Luris).
Codex Theodosianus. Haenel.
Collatio Legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum, In Huschke's Jurispru- dent iae Anteiustinianae Quae Super sunt, Teubner, 1861.
AND EDITIONS REFERRED TO. xv
Columella. In Schneider's Scriptores Rei Rusticae. Commentator Cruquianus. In Cruquius's Horace, 1578. Commodianus. DoMBART in the \'ienna Corpus Scriptontm Ecclcsiasli-
(orttui. Consentius. In Keil's Graniinatici Latiiii, vol. 5. Consolatio ad Liviam, or Epicedion Drusi. IIaupt, in his Opusctda ;
Baeiirens, in his Poetae Latini Minores, vol. i. Copa. RiBEECK, Appendix Vers^iliana, and Baehrens, Poetae Latini
Minores, vol. 2. Corniflcius, Rhetorica ad Herennium. In Orelli's Cicero ; and Kayser,
1854. Culex. RiBBECK, Appendix Vergiliana, and Baehrens in Poetae Latini
Minores, vol. 2. Curtius, Quintus. Foss, in the Teiibner series. Cyprian and Pseudo-Cyprian. Hartel, in the Corpus Scriptorum Eccle-
siasticorum. Cyrillus. See Glossaries.
Dares. Dederich, and Meister in the Teubner series.
Dictys. The same.
Digest or Pandects. Tn. Mommsen.
Diocletianum Edictum. Th. Mommsen, in the third volume of the Corpus
Inscriptiomiin. Diomedes. In the first volume of Keil's Grainniatici Latini. Dii-ae. Ribbeck, Appendix Vergiliana ; Baehrens, in the second volume of
his Poetae iMtini J\finores. Donatus, Aelius. The commentary or mass of comments bearing his name
in Klotz's Terence, 1838. His Grammar in the fourth volume of Keil's
Gram/natici iMlini. Life of Vergil attributed to him, see Suetonius. Donatus, Tiberius. Commentary on the Aeneid, Fabricius in his edition
of Vergil, Basel, 1561. Dositheus. Keil, in the seventh volume of his Graiiimatici Latini.
Ennius. Vaiii.en, Lucian MUller, Ribbeck (in his Fragnienta Tragi- coruni).
Ennodius. IIartei. in the Vienna Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum.
Epicedion Drusi. See Consolatio ad Liviam..
Eugippius. In Migne's Patrologia, vol. 62 ; Knoll in the Corpus Scrip- torum Kcclcsiasticoru m .
Eugraphius. In Klotz's Terence, 1838.
Eumenius. In the Panegyrici.
Eutropius. Dietsch, in the Teubner series.
Eutyches. Keil, in the fifth volume of his Grammatici Latini.
Faustus Reiensis. In Engelbrecht's Claudianus Mamcrtus. Festus. O. MrLLER.
Pirmicus Maternus. De Errore Profanarum Rcligiomivi, H.VLM in the Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum.
xvi AUTHORS OR BOOKS QUOTED,
Firmicus Maternus. Matheseos Lihri, in the Astronomici Veteres, Basel,
1533 and 1551. Florus. Halm, 1863.
Fortunatianus, Atilius. In Keil's Gravunatici Latini, vol. 6. Fortuuatianus, Chirius. In Halm's Klietores Latini Aliiiorcs. Frontinus. JJe Aquae Ductibiis, Dedericii in Teubner's series; Stratege-
maton Lihri, Gundermann in the same; De Agroriini Qualitale, etc., in
Lachmann's edition of the Groiitatici. Frouto. Naber. Fulgentius. Expositio Sermonuin in Gerlach and Roth's A'oniiis ; his
other writings in the Mythographi Latini.
Gaius. HuscHKE.
Gargilius Martialis. Valentine Rose, in the Teubner series.
Gaudentius. Galeardi, 1738.
Gellius. Hertz (the large critical edition, 1883-1885).
Germanicus, {Ai-atea of), Breysig; Baehrens, in the first volume of his Poetae Latini Alinores.
Gildas. In the Monuinenta Historica Britannica, and Migne's Patrologia, vol. 69.
Glossaries, (i) Manuscript: {a) The Bodleian Glossary, Auct. T. 2. 24, of the eighth or ninth century (Gloss. Bodl.). This glossary closely resembles that of St. Gallen edited by Minton Warren, {b) A thirteenth century glossary in the library of Balliol College (Gloss. Ball.). This is a large com- pilation of the same character as that of Papias, and is critically of no great valued (2) Printed : (a) The Paris Glossary, edited by G. F. Hildebrand (1854) (Gloss. Hild.). {b') The Vatican Glosses, printed at the end of the sixth and seventh volumes of Mai's Auctores Classici; see LoWE, P7-odromus Glossariortiin, p. 143 foil, (f) The Latin-Greek Glossary wrongly bearing the name of Philoxenus, and the Greek-Latin Glossary wrongly bearing that of Cyrillus. These I had consulted in the edition of Vulcanius ( Thesaurus utriusque linguae, 1600) ; but while these sheets were going through the press, the edition of GoTZ and Gundermann appeared {Corpis Glossari- orum Latinoncm, vol. 2). I have, where possible, corrected my references in accordance with the new edition, but have retained the title Gloss. Philox. and Gloss. Cyrill. On the whole subject, see Lowe, Prodrormis, p. 180 foil. {d') The St. Gallen Glossary, edited by Minton Warren, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1885 (Gloss. Sangall.). (^) Glossae Amplonianae. There are three glossaries in the Amplonian library at Erfurt, edited by Oehler in Jahn's Jahrbiicher, 1847, The first of these is a duplicate of the Epinal
' Mr. Lindsay has called my attention to the following unedited glossaries in the Bodleian : — {a) Barlow 35 (loth century" : this contains the beginning of a Graeco-Latin glossary apodixcn ostentio, followed by a short glossaiy, mainly Graeco-Latin, from A to Z. It is very corrupt, and contains nothing, so far as I have seen, of great importance. \b\ Marshall 19 (9th century^,. Latin interpretations of Hebrew proper names in the Bible. \c"\ Bodl. Addit. C. 144 (nth centurj-?) has a very short and unimportant glossary beginning fol. 46 b.
AND EDITIONS REFERRED TO. xvii
Glossary edited by Sweet (Gloss. Epinal. ): the third has been edited by LtiwE under the title of Glossac Nomimim (published after Luwe's death by GoTZ, 1884). These Glossae Noniinum have been finally supplemented from the Peterhouse MS. by GoTZ and Gundermann in the volume above referred to. The second Amplonian glossary is cited as Gloss, Amplon., and the numbers refer to Oehler's pages. (/) The Berne Glosses quoted in Hagen's Gradus ad Criticen. {g) Osbern's Panormia, printed in Mai's Auctores Classici, vol. 8, and there entitled Thcsaiirtis Noviis Latinitatis. See LiiwE's Prodromus, p. 240 foil. (//) I have also quoted a number of glosses discussed by Lowe either in his Prodromus, or in his Optisciila Glossographica published by GiJTZ with the Glossae Noininum in 1884. These glosses I have simply cited on Lowe's authority, with a reference to the pages of the two volumes in question. See also Placidus.
Gracchus, Gaius. In Meyer's Fragmeiita Oratortii/i.
Gratius. Haupt, and Baehrens in the first volume of his Poetae Latini ]\It!iores.
Gromatici Latini. Lachmann.
Hieronymus. In Migne's Patrologia, vols. 21-30. {See also Chronicon.)
Hilarius Pictavensis. In Migne's Patrologia, vol. 13.
Hispani Belli Scriptor. In Oehler's Caesar.
Historici. Peter, Historicorum Rotnanoriiin Fragmenta.
Horatius. Bentley, Orelli, Haupt, Wickham, Munro, A. Palmer,
WiLKINS, LUCIAN MuLLER.
Hyginus. Fahilae, Schmidt, 1872 ; De Astronomia, Bunte, 1875. Hyginus. De Munitionibiis Castrorum, in the Gromatici ; and in the edition
of DOMASZEWSKI, 1887.
Inscriptiones. Orelli's Inscriptiomim Latinarum Collectio, 1828-1S56 ; the Berlin Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, vols, i-io (Mommsen's In- scriptiones Rcgni Neapolitani is also often referred to) ; Brambach's Corpus Inscriptionum Rhenanamtn ; Wilmanns's Sylloge Inscriptiomim Latina- ru?n ; and the Ephemeris Epigrapltica. The place where the inscription was found, and where possible the date, are generally given.
Institutiones of Justinian. Kruger.
Irenaeus, Latin translation of. In Stieren's Irenaeus.
Isidorus. In Migne's Patrologia, vols. Si-84; Arevalo and Lindemann, with occasional references to the Oriel College Manuscript : see the author's Lectures and Essays, etc., p. 359 foil.
Itala. The references are taken from Ronsch's Itala und Vulgata, Das A'eue Testament Tcrtullians, and Semasiologische Beitrdge,
Itinerariixm Alexandri, Volkmann, 1871.
lulianus. Excerpta in Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 5.
lustinus. Jeep, in the Teubner series.
luvenalis. Jaun, J. E. B. Mayor.
luvencus. In Migne's Patrologia, vol. 19.
Laberius. In Ribbeck's Fragmenta Comicortitn. Lactantius. Bunemann, 1739.
xviii AUTHORS OR BOOKS QUOTED,
Lampridius. In the Scriptorcs Historiae Atigiistae.
Leges Duodecim Tabularum. Wordsworth, in Fragments and Specimens
of Early Latin ; Bruns, in his Pontes Juris Romani. Licinianus. rhilologoriim Bonnensiuin Heptas, 1858. Livius Andronicus. In Wordsworth, Fragments and Specimens of Early
J. at in. Livius, T. Madvig, Weissenborn. Lucanus. Weber, Haskins. Lucilius. Fragments edited by LuciAN MUller. Lucretius. Lachmann, Munro.
Macrobius. Ian, 18^8-1852; Eyssenhardt, 1868; Keil, in the fifth volume of his Grammatici Latini.
Mamertinus. In the Panegyrici.
Mamertus. See Claudianus.
Manilius. Bentley, Jacobs.
Marius Mercator. Migne's Patrologia, vol. 48.
Marius Plotius Saoerdos. In Keil's Gra?nmatici Latini, vol. 6.
Marius ■Victorinus. In Keil's Granunatici Latini, vol. 6 ; Migne's Patro- logia, vol. 8.
Martialis, M. Valerixis. Friedlander.
Martialis, Gargilius. See Gargilius.
Martianus Capella. Eyssenhardt.
Martyrius. In Keil's Gram7natici Latini, vol. 7.
Maternus. See Firmicus.
Maurus. See Terentianus.
Maximus Taurinensis. In Migne's Patrologia, vol. 57.
Maximus Victorinus. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 6.
Mela, Pomponius. Parthey, 1867.
Messius. See Arusianus.
Minucius Felix. Halm, in the Vienna Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum.
Monumentum Ancyranum. Th. Mommsen, editions i and 2.
Moretum. Ribbeck in his Appejzdix Vergiliana, and Baehrens in the second volume of his Poetae Latini Minores.
Muscio. In Valentine Rose's Anccdota Graeca et Graeco- Latina.
Mythographi Vaticani. Bode.
Mythographi Latini. MuNCKER.
Naevius. Wordsworth, in Fragments and Specimens of Early Latin ; Vahlen; Lucian MtfLLER ; Ribbeck, in his Fragmenta Comiconon.
Namatianus. See Butilius.
Nazarius. In the Panegyrici.
Nemesianus. Haupt ; Baehrens, in his Poetae Latini Minores.
Nepos, Cornelius. Nipperdey, Ccbet.
Nonius Marcellus. Mercier, Quicherat, Lucian Muller. The refer- ences are to Mercier's paging.
Notae Tironianae. Kopp.
AND EDITIONS REFERRED TO. xix
Notae Bernenses. \V. SCHMITZ, De Roinanontin Tachygraphia, 1879. Novellae lustinianeae. In Hermann's Corpus Juris.
Orosius. Zangemeister in the Vienna Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticoriini.
Osbern. See Glossaries.
Ovidius. Merkel, Zingerle, Ellis.
Pacuvius. In Ribbeck's Fragmenta Tragicoriiin Romaiioruin, editions i
and 2. Palladius. In Schneider's Scriptores Rei Rusticae. Panegyrici. De La Baune, 1676 ; Baehrens, in the Teubner series. Paulinus Diaoonus. In Migne's Patrologia, vol. 20. Paulinus of Nola. In Migne's Patrologia, vol. 61. Paulintis of Petricordia. Petschenig in the Vienna Corpus Scriptoniin
Eahsiasticonini . Paulus, the jurist. In Huschke's Fragmenta Juris prudentiac Anteius-
tinianae. Paulus, the epitomator of Festus. O. MUller. Periegesis, bearing the name of Priscian. In Wernsdorf's Roctae Latini
HJiiiores, vol. 5, p. 265 foil. Persius. Jahn and Conington. Petronius. Bucheler.
Petrus Chrysologus. In Migne's J^atrologia, vol. 52. Peutinger. Tabula J^cutingcriana, Ruelens. Phaedrus. Lucian Muller, in the Teubner scries. Philargyrius. In Lion's Servitis. Philoxenus. See Glossaries. Phocas. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 5. Placidus. Glosses, Deuerling. Commentary on J)'/a/'m.r, in Lindenbrog's
and Barth's editions of Statins. Plautus. Amphitruo, Asinaria, Aulularia, Captivi, Epidicus, Bacchides,
Mercator, Pseudolus, Poenulus, Rudcns, Stichus, Trinummus, Tniculentus,
in Lowe's, Gotz's, and Scholl's revision and continuation of Ritschl's
edition. JSJenaechmi, Persa, in Ritschl's edition. Mostellaria, Ritschl
and Lorenz. iViles Gloriosus, Ritschl, Lorenz, Sonnenschein, Ribbeck.
Casina and Cistcllaria, Weise. Fleckeisen has also been much consulted.
Quoted generally by the number of lines. Plinius i^the elder). Ian and Detlefsen. Quoted according to the numbers
of the smallest sections. Plinius (the younger). Keil.
Plinius Valerianus. Valentine Rose, in the Teubner series. Plotius Sacerdos. See Marius. Pompeius. In Keil's GruDiinatici Latini, vol. 5. Pomponius. In Ribbeck's Fragmenta Comicorum. Porphyrion. In Hauthal's edition of the Scholia to JJorace. Priapea. In Baehrens's Poctae Latini Minorcs, vol. i. Priscian. In the edition of Hertz, Grammatici Latini, vols. 2 and 3 (Keil\
Cited as Priscian i and 2.
b 2
XX AUTHORS OR BOOKS QUOTED,
Probus, Pseudo-. In Keii.'s Gramviatici Latiiii, vol. 4; commentary on
Vcrf^il's Eilogucs, in Lion's Servius. Propertius. IIertzherg, A. Talmer, Lucian Muller, Postgate,
Haeiirens. The references arc to the numbers in Baehrens's edition. Prosper of Aquitaine. In Migne's Palrologia, vol. 51. Prudentius. Dressel. Publilius Syrus. Friedrich.
Querolus (the). Peiter, 1875.
Quintilianus. Instittilio Oratoria, Halm, J. E. B. Mayor, Bonnell. Dcclamatio7ies, BuRMANN ; Ritter in the Teubner series.
Bufinianus. In Halm's Rhetores Latini Minores.
Rufinus (Tyrannius, of Aquileia). In Migne's Palrologia, vol. 21, and
Lommatzsch's Origcn. Rutilius Namatianus. Lucian Muller, in the Teubner series. Kutilius Lupus. In Halm's Rhelores Lalini Alinores.
Sallustius. Dietsch, Jordan, A. W. Cooke.
Salvianus. Pauly in the Vienna Corpus Scriploruni Ecclesiasticorum.
Sammonicus Serenus. Baehrens, in his Poelae Lalini Minores, vol. 3.
Scaurus, Terentius. In Keil's Grammalici Lalini, vol. 7.
Scholia Bernensia to Vergil's Eclogues and Georgics, Hagen.
■ Bobiensia to Cicero, Orelli's Cicero, vol. 5.
to Germanicus's Aralca, Eyssenhardt in his I\Iarliantis Capella.
to Juvenal, BiJCHELER in his edition oi Juvenal.
to Persius, the same in his edition of Persius.
to Lucan, Usener and Weber.
Vindobonensia, to the An Poetica of Horace, Zechmeister.
Veronensia, to Vergil, in Lion's Servius.
Scipio Aemilianus. In Meyer's Eragmenla Oratorum Lalinoruin.
Scribonius Largus. Helmreich, in the Teubner series.
Sedulius. Humer, in the Vienna Coj-pus Scriploruni Ecclesiaslicoruin.
Seneca, Annaeus (the elder). Bursian.
Seneca, L. Annaeus (the younger). FiCKERT, Haase, Gertz. His
tragedies, Peiper and Richter, in the Teubner series. Sergius. In Keil's Gratmnalici Lalini, vol. 4.
Servius. Thilo; Servizis on Donahis, in Keil's Gi-aminatici Latini, vol. 4. Siculus Flaccus. In Lachmann's Groinalici. Sidonius Apollinaris. Baret; and in the Hisloriae Gennanicac Rlonu-
vioila. Silius Italicus. Ruperti. Sisenna. In Peter's Historicorum Reliquiae. Solinus. Th. Mommsen.
Spartianus. In the Scriptorcs Hisloriae Auguslae. Statius, Caecilius. Sec Caecilius. Statius, Papinius. Queck, Baehrens. Suetonius. Roth, Reifferscheid, H. Nettleship in Ancient Lives of
Vergil.
AND EDITIONS REFERRED TO, xxi
Sulpicius Severus. Halm, in the Vienna Corpus Scriptortitn Ecclesiasti-
conuii. Sulpitius Victor. Halm, in his Rhetores Latini Miiiorcs. Symmachus, Q. Fabius Memmius. In Migne's Patrologia, vol. i8. Syrus. See Publilius.
Tacitus. Halm, Heraeus, NirrERDEY, Furneaux, Andresen, ScinvEi-
zER-SiDLER, Peter. Terentianus Maurus. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 6. Terentius. Wagner, Umpfenbach. Quoted according to lines. Tertullianus. Oehler.
Tibullus and Pseudo-Tibiillus. Baehrens. Titinius. In Ribbeck's Fragmenta Comiconun. Trabea. In the same. Trebellius Pollio. In the Scriplores Historiac Aitg2is/ae.
Valerius Flaccus. Thilo, Baehrens.
Valerius Maximus. Halm, in the Teubner series.
Varro, M. Terentius. De Li^igua Latina, MiJLLER, Spengel; De Re
Rzistica, Keil ; Satttrae Menippeae, Riese, Bucheler (sometimes quoted
according to their titles). Vegetius. De Re Mililari, Lang ; Mtdoinedicina, Schneider. Velius Longus. In Keil's Grammatici Latini, vol. 7. Vellius Paterculus. Halm.
Venantius Fortunatus. In Historiae Gervianicae Momivienta. Vergilius. Ribbeck, Conington, and H. Nettleship. Victor, lulius. Halm in his Rhetores Latini Minores. Victor Vitensis. Petschenig in the Vienna Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasti-
coruni. Ulpian. In Huschke in his Fragmenta Luris prudentiae Antciiistinianae. Vitruvius. Rose and MUller, StrUbing. Vopiscus. In the Scriptores Historiae Augustae.
ABBREVIATIOiNS.
Most of these will be explained by a reference to the foregoing list of books. 15ut this is not perhaps the case with the following : —
A. Ennius A. = Ennius, Annales.
Serv. A. = Servius on the Aeneld.
Tac. A. = Tacitus, Annals.
A. P. = Ars Poetica. Agr. Cic. Agr. = Cicero, De Lege Agraria.
C. Caes. C. = Caesar, De Bella Civili. Sail. C. = Sallust, Bellum Catilinae.
C. I. L. = Corpus Inscj-tptiotium Latinarwn.
C. I. R. = Corpus Inscriptiomun Rhenanarum (Brambach).
D. Placidus D. = Placidus, ed. Deuerling.
Dan.; Serv. (Dan.) = the additional notes in Daniel's Servius, printed by Thilo in italics.
E. Serv. E. — Servius on the Eclogues.
F. Plautus F. = Plautus, ed. Fleckeisen.
G. Caes. G. = Caesar, De Bello Galileo. Serv. G. = Servius on the Georgics.
I. Sail. I. = Sallust, Bellum lugurthimnn.
I. R. N. = Inscriptiones Regni Neapolitani (Mommsen).
I. u. V. = Itala und Vulgata (Ronsch). K. Gramm. Lat. K. = Grammatici Latini, ed. Keil. L. Plautus Most, L, = Plautus, Mostellaria, ed. Lorenz.
L. F. = Lateinische Formenlehre (Neue). M. Festus or Paidus M. = Festus or Paulus, ed. Miiller.
Mythographi Lat. M. = Mythographi Latini, ed. Muncker. P. Lowe, P. G. = L(3\VE, Prodrovius Glossarionun. R. After references to Plautus = Ritschl (both the original and the
revised editions, and the new editions of Lowe, Gotz, and Scholl). S. After references to Plautus = Sonnenschein.
S. B. = the Semasiologische Beitrdge of Hermann Ronsch. W. After references to Livins Andronicus or the Twelve Tables = Words- worth, Fragments and Specimens of Early Latin.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
p. 4. s. V. Abactus. For 107 read 407.
P. 5. Abaudio. I now find that obaudio is the MS. reading of Gloss. Cyrill.
P. 6. Add Ablii»tentii>it = KaOapais, Glossae Servii p. 52S of Gotz and Gundermann, Corpus Glossariorum vol. 2.
P. 14. Acceia. The reading in Gloss. Philox. is accia ct accela.
P. 78. Aflttentia. The MS. reading of Gloss. Cyrill. is ajliientia.
P. 81. Agea. Kat is not in the MSS., so that I retract my proposed emenda- tion.
P. 87. Aggrunda is evidently corrupt for suggrunda: see Idiomata Codicis Harleiani, p. 494 of the Corpus Glossariorum vol. 2, suggmnda, iKdir-q^,
P. 130. Allego. Strike out the words ' Gloss. Philox fiAprvpai.''
P. 159. Ambitus. The neuter form ainbitnin in C. I. L. 6. 2345 is quite un- certain.
P. 192. Andes. See Gliick, Die bei C. lulius Caesar vorkommendcn Kel- tischen Eigennamen, p. 42.
P. 206. Amiihilatio. For l^ov^tvoiais read t^ovStvTjais.
P. 267. A}-delio. There can hardly be any doubt that ardalio is the right form. Georges, in the Berliner Philologische Wochenschrift of Januarj' 12, 1889, quotes it from Gloss. Cas. 401, Cas. 218 and other glossaries.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO LATIN LEXICOGRAPHY.
A.
A. The first letter of the Latin alphabet : Lucilius 9. 3 A pri- mum est, and Gramm. passim. The position of the vocal organs in pronouncing the letter is described as follows : Ter. Maur. p. 328 K A prima locum littera sic ab ore sumit : Immunia rictu patiilo tenere labra, Linguamque necesse est ita pendulam reduci, Ut nisus in illam valeat suhire vocis, Nee partihus ullis aliquos ferire denies : Mar. Vict. p. 32 K A inter a rictu patiilo suspe^isa neqtie ijnpressa denlibus lingua enuntiatur: Mart. Cap. 3. 261 (=Anon. De Litteris, Hagen Anecd. Helv. ap. Gramm. Lat. K vol. 7) A sub hiatu oris congruo solo spiritu memoravms. Prise, i. p. 7 K gives (on the analogy of the pronunciation of the Greek a) six different pronunciations of the Latin a.
A stands as an abbreviation for the names Afer^ Albucius, Annius, A?itonius, Aquae, Augustus, Aldus: and for the words absolvo, actum or acta, actarius, ad, aedilicius, aerarium, aes or aeri, agens, agri or agris, alter, ambove, amicus or amico, animus or animo, annus or anno, ante, ara, area, argetttum or argefiio, arma or armorum, as, adsigno or adsigfiajidis, adtribuo or adtribue^idis , aurum.
A, ab, abs, preposition. 1. In the local sense of onjhejide
of, Caesar G. 1. i. ^ ab Sequanis; i. 23. 3 a novissimo agmine] 2. 25. I quidam a novissimis (wrongly explained by Lewis and Short as=(?jr novissimis); 7. 73. 3 stipites emijiebant ab rainis (where the branches began); Livy 31. 27. 6 a novissimo agmine adortus hostcs; 8. 17. 9 adversus regem escensionem a Paesto faeientem. 2. In
the metaphorical sense of 07i the side of, opp. to contra ; Corn, ad Her. 2. 43 ab reo faciunt; 4. 4 ab ea {ratione) steterunt ; Cic. Inv. i. 4 a mendaeio contra verum stare; Rose. Am. 85 vir et contra audaciam
£
2 A, ab, abs.
fortissimus ct ab innocentia dementi ssimus ; perhaps Cluent. 9 iudicium . . . pecunia lemptatum non a Cluenlio sed contra Cluentium ; ib. 93; Fam, 2. 16. 2; Lucr. i. 693 contra sefisus ab setisibus ipse repugnat. 3. The common use of ab with words expressing
beginning may be further illustrated by the following passages : Lucr. I. 554, 767 a ccrto tempore, tempore ab o?)im\ 'within a time or distance, beginning from,' IMunro, who quotes Livy 24. 46. 4 imber ab node media coortus ; Ov. Pont. 2. 3. 79 primo nobis a tempore cultus. A novo, C. I. L. 6. 222, 1763 = afresh; ab incohato scholam refecerunt, C. I. L. 6. 103 (Rome, 214 a.d.). Ab asse, from savings of pence, C. I. L. 5. 6623, 7647; Petron. 43 ab asse crevit. 4.
Of cause. Plant. True. 231 R stcrilis ab datis (.? owing to what he has given) : but this verse is suspected by the latest edd. Ter. Heaut. prol. 13 hie actor tantum poterit a factmdia; Lucil. 30. 82 ab ominis impulsu ingressa est; Cic. N. D. 2. 92 a tantis ardoribus conflagrare terram ; 138 ab spiritu calescit \ Lucr. 2, 269 iftitum motus a corde creari; 3. 429 a tenui causa 7?iagis ida movetur] 6. 709 amorbo interiisse; 6, 1266 interdusa anima ni7nia ab dulce- dine aqtiarum ; Catull. 64. 275 (tindae) ab luce refulgent; Lucr. 2. 51 ftdgore?n ab auro; Cic. Font. 28 ab aliqua cupiditate prolapsiim verbum; Caes. G. i. 22 a Gallicis ar?nis . . . cog7iovisse (knew it from) ; Prop. 3. 3. 38 utreor a facie ; 3. 24. 26 ab insidiis flere (from treachery as your motive); 3, 9. 59 a te est quod ferar (it is owing to you); Ov. Am. i. 13. 41 marcet ab annis; 3, 2. 33 quid fiet ab istis (what will be the effect of); 2. 4. 31 causa tangor ab omni; Ov. ]M. I. 66 madescit ab austro; 2. 602 animus . . .fervebat ab ira; Liv. i. i. 4 ab simili clade . . . profugam; 34. 31. 17 a censu equitem legitis (from, according to) ; 33. 7. 5 terror ab necopi7iato visu; 10. 5. 2 ira ab accepta . . . clade . . , clamor ab i7icresce7ite certamine; 10. 31. 6 ab ultima di77iica7itibiis spe; so al. Liv. ab odio, a spe, ab ira, ab contc77iptu, ab 7ii77iia fiducia, ab gaudio ; C. L L. 6. 2059, 19 (Rome, 80 A. D.); Acta Fr. Arv. p. 138 Henzen a vetus- tate {decidit arbor) ; C. L L. 6. 2060, 6 (81 a. d.) a tempestate nivis {de- cidit arbor); 2107, 16 (224 a.d.) ab idu ful77iinis (ardueri7tt arbores). Note further ab arte, artificially or artistically: Varro R. R. i. 59, 2 quod spedaculum dalur ab arte; Ov. Am. 2. 4. 30 molli torquei ab arte lattis; 2. 12. 4 7ie qua possit ab arte capi; 2. 15. 14 mira laxus ab arte. A ratione, rationally: Lucr. i. 935 71071 7iulla a ratione; Cic. Off. I. 7 om7iis quae a ratione suscipitur de aliqua re i7istitutio. 5. Of instru7iie7it, when the instrument is inanimate. (a) Where personification is obviously intended : Varro, INIutuum Muli 2
A, ab, abs. 3
Biicheler/^'^^^j' nostri ex se iKiv-qToi, sed ab atimo movetilur ; Cic. Fam. 7. 26. 2 a beta et a malva deccpius sum ; Fam. 13. 10. i ab ipso inort maiorum commendatur ; ib. 7. 19. i ab ipsa tir be common it us ; Phil. 14. 32 and elsewhere, a natura\ Sest. 5, Rab. Post. 2 a for tuna', I\Iil. 9 gladium ab ipsis porrigi legibus \ Sest. 83 a nefariis pestibus occisus ; Sull. ']! ab sua vita damnatum, etc., etc. (b) Where it cannot certainly be said that personification is intended : Vetus Orator ap. Meyer Fragm. Or. 27 tit a clunicidis saturi fiartt ; Varro R. R i. 12. 2 ab sole toto die inlustratur ; 3. 8 a stercore ne offendatur (so Victorius for ac st.); Cic. Q. F. 2. 16. i me nunquam a causis et iudiciis distridiorem fuisse \ Fin. 3. 49 neque ab ulla re {sapientia) contineri potest; Lucr. i. 813 alimur nos Certis ab rebus; 3. 285 ut quiddam fieri videatur ab omnibus unum; 6. 1079 aerique aes plumbo fit uti iungatur ab albo; Ov. Ibis 174, 488 ab orbe rotae, ab ore bovis. (c) With abstract nouns: Lucr. 3. ^22 fiectitur a medicina; Antonius ap. Cic. Att. 10. 8 A i ab offensione nostra duriores partes mihi impositas ; Cic. Cat. 2. 25 a virtutibus vitia superari ; Deiot. 30 a tanta auctoritate approbari ; Sest. 92 ne virtus ab audacia vincerettir; Phil. 14. 13 a consensu civitatis datur (Jestimojiium); Sail. I. 31. 2 ab ignavia atque socordia cor- ruptus; Liv. 33. 11. 7 ab ea cupiditate invicti animi. (d)
Especially with words implying abandonment or desertion : Corn. Her, 4. 12 ab humanitate relictos homines; Cic. Fam. 5. 2. 10 desertus ab officiis iuis; Att. 4. 10. i a ceteris oblectationibus deseror; Cluent. no forum desertum a voce tribimicia; ib. 183 a consiliis malitiae deseruntur; Cat. i. 25 a for tuna, spe derelictus; Rab. Perd. 23 fl(5 omni honestate relictus; Verr. i. 6t relic ta ac destituta a ceteris signis; Dom. 67 a firmissimo robore copiarum suarum relictus; Liv. 31. 24. 3 a qua spe destitutus. 6. In late writers ab is very
common after comparatives instead of the simple abl. I. N. Ott. Neue Jahrbiicher, 1875, and Ronsch, Rhein. INIus. vol. 31 give a number of instances from Arnobius, Caelius Aurelianus, Augustine, Irenacus, Porphyrion. E. g. Pompcius, p. 156 Keil/>/z/j a positive ; Anlh. Lat. (343. 2 Riese) cum sis phoenicis grandior a senio; Cypr. Ep. 77. 2 quia no7i est a centesimo praemio 7?iinor tua infiocens anima : Arnob. 2. 46 quod 7ninus esset a recto. 7. In vulgar and late
Latin ab is found with ace. : C. I.L. 4. 1940, 2155 (Pompeii) a mu- ihunium,a pulvinar, and often at Pompeii; at Rome also C. I. L. 6. 1537, 2104, 2234, 2963, 3414; Ps. Cypr. de Aleatoribus 8 a Dei servos; 11 ab illos; ib. de montibus Sitia et Sioti 8 a Babylones. See, for more instances, Ronsch I. u. V. p. 409.
B 2
4 Aaha — Ab ante.
Aaha, interjection, expressive of joy, lulius Romanus ap. Charis. p. 239 K; Cominianus ib. p. 238 K.
Abactivus, -a, -um, adj. from abadus (part, pass.), driven off; I. R. N. 4916 (where the old editions of the Inscr. give abaciia, and Mommsen reads abaciica ; Wilmanns abactiva in the index to his Exempla Inscriptionum).
Abactor, in the general sense of one who drives away (not only of a cattle-lifter); Hieron. Comm. Zach. 2. 9. v. 5 nequaquam super- veniet eis abactor; Mar. Vict. 8. 1009. 3 (Migne).
Abactus ventris, an abortion: Lex Rom. Visigoth, p. 107 (Haenel) : Epit. Guelph. 13.
Abacus or abax (Prise, i, p. 322 K) is now supposed to be derived from the Semitic (Hebrew and Phoenician) abac, to lift up.
Abaddir, -is or abidir, a meteoric stone : Prise, 2, p. 47 K abaddir vel abaddier ; Mythogr. Vat. i. 17. 2 (33. 83. 2 "^V) gemtnam quam Abidir vocant; n. pi. abaddir es, Augustin. Ep. i. 17. 2. (Supposed to be derived from the Phoenician eben dir or aban dir =.lapis sphaericus.)
Abaeto, -is, to go away; Plaut. True. 96 R; Rud. 777 R; Epid. 304 R, where abiio; doubtful in Lucil. 9. 27, where MSB. have abbire. In Placidus p. 8 D abstiieres abires is probably corrupt for abaeteres abires.
Abalienatio. 1. Repudiation, rejection : Itala lob 31.3
(Cod. Maj. Monast.). 2. Liberation; Augustin. Ps. 4. 9 (Migne
36. 82. 9) mentis ab. a vwrtalibus rebus.
Abalieno, to remove, get rid of: Tert. Nat. 2. 12 nato mox ei abalienaio love; Vulg. Eccl. n. 36 abalienabit te a tuis propriis ; so elsewhere in later Latin.
Abalterutrum, adv., from each other: Hygin. Mun. Castr. 43.
Ab ante or abante. 1. Adv., in front: C. L L. 6. 2899
ab ante {et dextra laevaque pura terrula) ; 11. 147 (=Orelli 4396) petimus ne quis nos inquietet ex area nostra neque ab ante aliam ponat. 2. Preposition, in front of, or temporal, before. (a)
With abl., Gloss, ap. Lowe, Prodr. Gloss, p. 139 abante nocte, vespere t7icidente. (b) With ace, Itala Naum 1. 6 ab ante eum; Vulg.
Esdr. 3. 9. I ab ajite atritim tcmpli; Ps. C}'pr. Orat. 2. 2 ab ante vir- iutem tiiam. (See Ronsch, Itala und Vulgata, p. 234, and Wolflflin, Archiv, i. p. 438, who gives other instances.)
Abarceo — Abiuro, 5
Abarceo, to keep off: Paul. p. 25 M, according to good MSS., abarcet, prohibet.
Abaudio= Greek i-naKova ; Gloss. Cyrill. inaKova, abaudio, exaudio (.f* airuKovui OX obaiidio T).
Abblandior (adb-), to flatter, caress: Hilar. Pict. in Ps. 140. 6 mulier . . . abblandiens pellextt; Script. Eleg. de Fortunae Viciss. 21 ut facile amissos abbla?idiar ore favor es (perhaps ablandiar, wheedle away).
Abcaecatio, blinding : Gloss. Cyrill. diroTv(})\acns, abcaecatio.
Abdecet, it is unseemly: Glossae Nominum, etc., p. 163, Lowe.
Abdo, -IS, Thielmann, in Wolfflin's Archiv, remarks that this word was confined to good authors, and seems never to have become popular.
Abdomen, spelt abdu?nett: Charis. i. p. 28 K; Script. Id. Gen. Gramm. Lat. 4. p. 582 K; Gloss. Nom. p. 4, Lowe; Gloss. Philox.
Abduco, in the sense of to take home and entertain : Transl. Matth. ap. Cypr. Op. et Eleem. 23 hospesfui et abduxistis me. No doubt a development of abducere convivam (Ter. Eun. 407) or abducere ad cenam (Id. Heaut. 183).
Abducta, title of a comedy by Afranius.
Abhinc in a local sense is apparently not earlier than Apuleius (Flor. 16 toio abhinc orbe); it is found in Augustine, Claudianus Mamertus, and other late writers. (Ploess in Wolfflin's Archiv 4. p. 114.)
Abicitale (abecet-), the alphabet: Lowe, Gloss. Nom. p. 43 elemeiitarius qui discit abicitale.
Abiectio, concr., an object of scorn: Vulg. Ps. 21. 7 ego autern sum . . . abiectio plcbis. (Ronsch, Semasiologische Beitrage p. 5.)
Abiegnius for abiegneus, Edict. Diocl. 12. i.
Abigo, in the sense of miscarrying: Serv. G. 3. 139 tunc enim diligcnlius tractandae sunt, 7ie abigant.
Abiugasso, to unyoke : Gloss. Philox. abiugassere, airo^fv^ai.
Abiunctus, 1. distant: Prud. Trepiore^. 2. 441 abiunctas
plagas. 2. abiunctum genus diceridi, a style in which the
sentences are not connected by conjunctions. Carmen De Figuris 55 (Halm, R. L. M. p. 65).
Abiuro, to deny on oath. 1. With ace. of the object of
which the possession or receipt is denied: Plant. Rud. Prol. 14 abiurant pecuniam \ Cure. 496 qui abiurant si quid crcditum est; Lex
6 Ablaqueo — Aboleo.
lul. Mun. C. I. L. I. 206. 113 \bonam copiam\ abhiraverit (suppl. Monimscn); Sail. Cat. 25. 4 credilum abiuraverat; Verg. A. 8. 263 abiuratae rapinae. 2. With ace. and inf., Ps. Quint. Dec). Trib.
IVIarianis 7 abiiirandiis est non esse sanguis tuus. 3. Abs.,
Plant. Pers, 478 R ne qui mihi in iure abiurassii; Cic. Att. i. 8. 7 me ut sponsorem appellal ; mihi auteni certius est abiurare quam de- pendere. 4. To perjure oneself: Lactant. Inst. 6. i. 8 spoliant,
insidiantur, abiurant. 5. To refuse a thing to a person :
Prudent. Apoth. 223 abiurare Deo titulum nomenque paternum Credi- mus esse nefas.
Ablaqueo, to dig round a tree. The better form seems to be ablacuo, preserved in Varro R. R. i. 29. i. And the question must be asked whether the real word is not oblacuo, as, while ob in composi- tion often means around, about, ab cannot have that meaning. Oblaquiatio (sic) arborum I. R. N. 6746. 3. 16; Tert. Res. Carn. 7 ; Isid. Or. 17. 5. 30, 31.
Ablativus, that has to do with taking away. 1. Ablativus
casus, iht sixth or ablative case, called by Varro casus sextus oxLatimis (Diom. p. 302 K). The name is at least as old as Quint. (1.4. 26) and may have been invented by Pliny the Elder ; Lersch (Sprach- philosophie der Alten i. p. 231) thinks Julius Caesar first coined it. There was a question in the first century a. d. (Quint. 1. c.) whether ablativus was applicable to the instrumental uses of the case ; and some scholars wished to make a seventh case, though not always agreeing as to its meanings: see Pompeius p. 171 K; Ars. Anon. Bern. p. 87 K ; Sergius in Don. p. 145 K. 2. Abla-
tiva praepositio, a preposition taking the abl. ; Pompeius p. 273 K.
Ablegurigo, voracity : Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 54 ; Gloss. Ball, abligurigine ; Lib. Glossarum. The form ablegurrire is given by a seventh century glossary (Vat. 3321) quoted by Lowe P. G. p. 419 (see Lowe, Glossae Nom., etc., p. 163).
Abnormitas, irregularity : Gloss, Cyrill. dppvdfxla, abnormitas, enormitas.
Abnutivus, negative : Gloss. Philox. abniitivum, ananoTiKov ; Dig. 45. I. 83 init. qui spondet dolum malum abesse abfuturumque esse, non simplex abnutivum spondet; Diom. p. 455 K duae abnutivae tinam confirm ativam faciunt.
Abdleo, -es, -evi, -itus (Diom. p. 373 K) : perf. also abolui, Prise, 1. p. 490 K; and supine also aboletu?n ib. 1. Apparently the
original meaning is to wash thoroughly, or wash away : Verg. G.
Abolitio — Abreptus. 7
3. 560 nee viscera qm'squam Aiif undi's abolere potest aid vincere flamma, where Serv. explains undis abolere 2iS-=lavare'. Arnob. 7. 43 innoxias urere atqtie abolere personas (to destroy by fire or water); C. I. L. 6. 526 (Rome, a.d. 483) abolere incendiiim. 2.
In the general sense of destroying it is common from the Augustan age onwards : Tac. is fond of it, and uses it of destruction by fire, A. 2. 49 detun aedes vetiistate aid igni aboh'tas; 16. 6 Poppaeae corpus nan igni abolituvi. The other usages are sufficiently illustrated in the Lexx. (The base ol- or id- may be the same as that of td-va (marsh-plant), Ul-ubrae (marsh-town) possibly as that of ol-et-um and ad-ul-ter, and mean to wet. See further under adulter ^.)
Abdlitio iudicii, the quashing or annulling of a suit or trial already begun: Quint. Declam. 249 (p. 19 Ritter).
Abominarium, = liber ubi abominationes (curses) scribuntur, Osbern. ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 41.
Abomiiiiiura, an execration, curse : Osbern ap. Mai CI. Auct. 8. p. 41.
Abominosus, ill-omened : Diom. p. 476 K. (In Solinus i. 40, where abomiiwsus used to stand, the true reading is o?ni7iosus).
Abortio. 1. The causing of abortion : Plaut. True. 202 R
ut abortioni operant daret pueru?nque ut etncaret; Cic. Cluent. 34 merces abortio7us: 125 qui pecuniam pro aboriione dedcrii; Dig. 48. 19. 38. 5 abortionis aut amatorium poculum. 2. Miscarriage:
Gell. 3. 16. 20 abortio quibusdam, no7i partus, videretur mensis octavi inteinpestivitas \ Cypr. Ep. 52. 2.
Aborticius, born out of time : Gloss. Philox. aborticium, eVrpw-
fXaTlKOV.
Abortus, -us, the causing of a miscarriage : Quint. 8.4. 11 pro abortu pecuniam accipere.
Abreptxcius, mad: Gloss. Sang. ed. Minton Warren, p. 141 (corrupt for arrepiicius).
Abreptio, a carrying off: C. I. L. 6. 142 (Rome) abreptio Vibics (7 disccnsio (title of a piece of sculpture).
Abrepto, to creep off: Glossae Nominum etc.,, p. 82, Lowe, abreptabat, ire incipiebat.
Abreptus, -us, a carrying off: Schol. Germ. Aratea (p. 396 Eysscnh.).
^ Since writing the above I have seen Wolfflin's exhaustive nrtic'e en this word in his Archiv. He connects it with ol- to grow ; see on adolco.
8 Abscessio — Absolutus.
Abscessio, = Greek dnoa-Taa-la, a falling away : Itala lerem. 2. 19. 2 ; Thcss. 2. 3 (ap. Iren. 4. 37. 7, 5. 25. i) ; (Ronsch, S. B. p. 5).
Abscondo, pcrf. abscondidi : Plaut. Merc. 360 R; Caec. 40; Pompon. 68; Sil. 8. 192 ; Tert. Marc. 4. 25. Part. pass, absconsus in late Latin, e.g. Tert. Jud. 11, Firm. Prof. Rel. 15. 4, Vulg., Serv. A. 2. 19 absconsurus : adv. absconse Augustin. C. D. 18. 32.
Absconsio. 1. A shelter, Vulg. Is. 4. 6 abscomionem a tur-
bine et a pluvia. 2. In astronomy, 1. 1. for the disappearance of
a star; Chalcid. Tim. Comm. 124 (see Wrobel's Index).
Absconsor, one who hides: Firmic. Math. 3. 11. \ pecuniarum absconsores.
Absectus, part. pass, from lost verb abseco, Prise, i. p. 34 K; Cod. Just. 12. 34. 5.
Absedeo, to sit away from : Boeth. De Per. et Nat. c. Eutych. et Nest, prooem. absederam ab eo loyiguis.
Absentio, -as, to be absent : Petr. Chrysol. Serm. 71 (p. 402 Migne) ChrisH regnum prolongai et absentiat a nobis.
Absigno, to unseal : Gloss. Philox. absigno, d7T0(T<ppayiCa>.
Absdlubilis, to be got rid of: Ambros. in Ps. 118; Serm. 12. 7.
Absolvo, in the sense of solving or deciding a question : Serv. A. II. 326 quaeritur . . . sed ita absolvitur \ Vulg. Act. 19. 39 in legitima ecclesia poterat absolvi) Sulp. Sev. Mart. 25. 6 absolvere quaestione??i', Chron. i. 4. 6, 2. 2. 4 abs. somnium, visa (interpret): and elsewhere in late Latin.
Absdlutio. 1. Explanation or clearing up, Hil. in Ps.
55. 14; Trin. 7. 22 : Int. Iren. Contra Haer. i. 19, and elsewhere in Iren. 2. In Grammar, the declension of an adjective in the
positive degree : Diom. p. 324 absohdio est elatio sine comparatione.
Absdlutivus. In Grammar. (a) Of moods, independent: Char is. p. 263 K sernio dum finitivus est absolutive effertur, ant dum optamus, aut dum ut repleatur sensus necessario subiungimus. (b) Of neuter verbs: Diom. p. 337 K {sedeo, sudo, dormio, etc.) quae quidam supina dixerunt, alii absolutiva appellant. (c) Of the positive degree : Charis. p, 234 K.
Absdiutus, perf. part. pass, as adj. A. 1. finished,
perfect, complete. Corn. Her. 2. 27 orjiate et absolute tractare aliquid; ib. 28 absolutissi?)ie uti his partibus; Cic. Fin. 3. 33 id quod esset natura absolutum [=t6 Kara (pvaiv re}.eiov) : Varro ap. Gell. 13.14 convivium omnibus numeris suis absolutum (so also Quint.) ; Cic. Ac. 2. 55 absolute pares) Tusc. 4. 38 absolute beatus (in both
Absolutus. 9
instances with pcrfeclc); Orat. 171 oraiio absolute conchidere/ur ; Tusc. 5. 53 omnia profluentcr, absolute, prospere, igitur bcate; and elsewhere. Compar., Quint, i. i. 37 quo sit absoluthis os; Superl., Corn. 1. c; Plin. 35. 74 ; ^ac, D. 5. 2. Of an argument, com-
plete, comprehensive: Corn. Her. 2. 37 non utiiversa neque abso- luta, sed extenuata ratio?ie. 3. In rhet. (a) absolula causa,
defined by Cic. Inv. i . 1 5 as causa quae ipsa in se continet iiiris et iniuriae quaestionem. (b) absoluta pars or qualitas, of a plea admitting and justifying the fact in question. Corn. Her. i. 24 absohita pars iuridicialis constitutionis, cian id ipsum quod faciiwi est recte factum esse dicimus: comp. ib. 2. 19; Fortunat. ap. Halm R. L. M. p. 92. B. Absolute, without conditions, qualifications,
or additions. 1. Cic. Inv. i. 60 absoluta propositio (simple,
opp. to adsumptid); ib. 2. 171 quasda?n cum adiu7ictione necessitu- dines, quasdam simplices et absolutas. Top. 34 absolute = simply, without addition: Plin. Praef. 27; Sen. Ep. 52. i; Diom. i. p. 342 K semel et absolute aliquid facere', Dig. 39. 6. 34 (35). 2 vera et absoluta donatio. 2. In grammar: general mean-
ing, absolute, independent of all else in the sentence. (a) Of the form of verbs, as opposed to incohativa, itcrativa species, etc., simple: Diom. p. 342 absoluta verborum qualitas est quae se??iel vel absolute facere nos indie at, ut ' caleo,' ' curro,' etc. : so Con- sentius p. 366 K. (b) Of the perfect tense: Martianus
Capella 3. 314 specie absoluta et exacta; Charis. pp. 176, 562; Prob. Inst. p. 160 al. (c) Of substantives, absolute, indepen-
dent: =:d7roXeXr/xe'i'oi', 6 Ka& tavTo vodrai, oiov Ofos, \6yos (Dion.
Thrax p. 44 Uhlig): Prise, i. p. 62 K. (d) Of pronouns, =/«/- tus, definite: Charis. p. 158 = Diom. p. 329 K. pronofuinum declina- tiones finitae sive absolutae, ^ hie,' ' hiiius,' ' huic,' et cetera. (e) Of adjectives, positive: Quint. 9. 3. 19; Palaemon ap. Charis. p. 232 K; Charis. pp. 112, 156; Consent, p. 346 K; Prob. Inst. p. 56. (f ) Of a verb used without a case : Prise, i. p. 389 K. (g) Of an adjective used independently, i.e. substanlivally : Serv. A. 2. 26 'o??i7iis Teucria,' subaudi gens, et absoluta est elocutio; ib. A. 11. 309 'cetera' absolute dixit, so often in Serv. and later gramm. Of an adjective form such as magtia, gracilis, used sine manero et genere et casu, Prob. Inst. 52 K. (h) Of two words written apart, but really forming one : Serv. A. 766 'per mutiia' invicem, et est absolu- tum. 3. The phrase in absoluto means (a) undetermined,
unlimited : so in the Agri Mensores, and met. Hil. Comm. Matth. 13. 7 evangeliorum praedicatio in absoluto est, sed utendi potestas non
lo Absorbitio — Abstineo.
potest esse sine pre tio. (b) = clear, obvious : Hil. Trin. 3. 34 cuius in absoluto est et causa et ratio (properly, in an independent position).
Absorbitio, the power of absorbing : Augustin. Serm. 162. 2 quoda?n modo absorbitio . . . concupiscentiae (the absorbing power of desire).
Abstentatlo, holding off: Gloss. Philox. absientaiio, diroarffdia-is ano cra)^aTos (emend. Scaliger).
Abstineo : properly intr., to continue away, remain away from a thing (see s.v. teneo). 1. Intrans., to keep off, abstain from :
constructed abs., wuth ab, simple abl., infin., qui/i with subj. Plaut. Aul. 602 R abstinebit censione bubula ; Men. 768 R abstinent culpa ; Cure. 177 F dum me abstitieant invidere quin . . . ; Bacch. 915 R apstinere quin attingas non queas; Pers. 166 R quid olei ? ab s tines ? Ter. Hec. 139 sese ilia ivirgine) abstinere; ib. 411 ea me abstinuisse in principio ; Cic. SuU. 80 <2 ceteris coniurationis causis abstinuimus ; Caes. G. i. 22 proelio ; "j. 4'j a mulieribus ; Sail. I. 64. 5 neque facto neque die to; Verg., Li v. 2. 16. 9 ne ab obsidibus quidem ira belli abstinuit; 2. 45. 10 with quiri; in Tag, very common, and always apparently with simple abl. With quominus Suet. Gramm. 3 ; with inf., id. Tib. 23. With cogn. ace. neut., Plaut. Aul. 345 R quod te scio Facile abstinere posse. With gen., Hor. 3. C. 27. 69 irarum calidaeque rixae. The passive is used impersonally by Sail. Hist. 3. 62. 25 ; Liv. (e. g. 5. 50. 7), and Tac. The part. pres. abstinens is used adjectivally (with regular comp. and sup.) in the sense of temperate, self-restraining, by Cic. and other authors : with abl. of respect. Col. 12. 5. 3 abst. rebus Veneriis : with gen., Hor. 4. C. 9. 27 abst. pecuniae: Plin. Ep. 6. 8. 5 alieni absti- nentissimus, sui diligens. 2. Transitive. (a) To hold back,
i.e. keep in retirement: Cato Orat. 11. i abstinui omnem adules- centiam meam in duritia. (b) To hold off, keep off : with manum and vianusv&xy common, e. g. Plaut. Trin. 288 ; Ter. Heaut. 565 ; Cic. Att. 3. 7. 2 ; Liv. 7. 27. 8 ab aede ignem ; 42. 26. 6 ab sociis i7iiuriam. With reflexive and personal pronoun : Plaut. Cas. i. 13 urbatris rebus te abstines ; Cic. Phil. 2. 5 quod te abstinueris nefario scelere; Phil. 13. 17 qui si reliquis flagitiis et sceleribus se abstinere potuisset. So Caes. and other authors. (c) To keep at a distance : INIart. 9. 86 non se, convivas abs tine t ille suos. Imper. abstine ! away with ! Plaut. INIost. 884 L abstine sermonem de istis rebus ! Ter. Heaut. 373 gemitus, screatus, tussis, risus abstine ! (d) Eccl., to exclude from the community of the faithful : Cypr. Ep.
Abstirpo — Absurdus. ii
3. 3 and often : so part. pass, abs/cnhis, one who is excluded. (e) To hold back from, hinder from, in various contexts and shades of meaning: Sail. H. 4. 61. 12 quos ignavia anni's abstinuit; Liv. 8. 24. 18 qiiamqiiam Romano bello for tuna eum abstinuil ; 2. 22. 4 recens accepta clades Latinos ne ab legatis qiiidem violandis abstinuit.
(f) In law, abstinere se (or abstinere) ab hereditate=^io abstain from taking an inheritance: Gains 2. 158. A tutor is said abstinere pupillum hereditate; Scaev. Dig. 12. 6. 6i : comp. ib. 27. 3. 18.
(g) In medicine, abstinere se (or abstinere)-=.\.o abstain from food: Cels. 3. 13. 15; pass, abstimri/ih. 3. 4. 12; so Sen. Ep. 75. 7 abstinendus sum; Col. 8. 5. 17 abstineri debent (to be put under starving treatment) : and elsewhere in medical writers.
Abstirpo, -as, to pull up by the roots : Gloss. Paris, (ed. Hild.) averruncat abstirpat; Gloss. Ball, obtruncat (^) abstirpat.
AbstoUo, to take away: Max. Taur. (iMigne 57. p. 588 d) part. pass, abstiil'itus, Itala i Machab. 4. 58. (Archiv.)
Abstrepitus, -us, a terrible sound : ' absirepitus ' sonus terribilis, Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 163.
Absum. Note the use of the exclamation quod absit, procul absit, with subj. and inf. Ap. M. 5. 16 quod absit; 2. 3 absit ut . . .: so Cypr. Ep. 33. i ; ib. Ep. 30. 3 absit ab ecclesia Roinana vigorem suum tarn pr of a^ia facilitate dimittere; C. I. L. 6. 1756, a 11 (Rome, 395 A. D.) absit credas=:noli credere.
Absurdus. 1. Of sounds, discordant : Cic. Progn. fr. (of
frogs) ahsurdoque sono fontes et stagna cietis ; De Or. 3. 41 vox absona atque absurda; Tusc. 2. 12 absurde canere. 2. Of lan- guage, ill-sounding, so incongruous, anomalous, incorrect ; Plaut. Capt. 71 scio apsurde hoc dictum derisores diccre, At ego aio rccte \ Liv. 31. 14. 8 absurde quaedam pcrcontantes sermo prodidit ; Fronto Ad Marc. Ant. 3. 15 absurdam orationem et agrestem; 4. 2 vcrbum absurdius aut inconsultior sensus. 3. Of style, unpleasing ;
Cic. Q. F. I. 2. 9 litter arum absurde et inusitate scriptarum. 4.
In general application, unreasonable, anomalous, inappropriate : Cic. Rose. Com. 19 fraudavit Roscius. Est hoc quidem primtim auribus aiiimisque absurdum ; Sull. 3 1 in quo primum erat illud absurdum, quod 71071 intellegebat se; Att. 2. 9. 2 sin aut em ab his dissentiet, erit absurdu?n /« nos ifivehi; 14. 21. 3 quid absurdius quam Bruti Ncapolitatium a matre tyrannoctoni possidcri} Comp. Sull. 37, 57 ; Prov. Cons. 37 ; Phil. 11. 11 ; Balb. 37 ; al. 5.
With dat., unsuiled to; Tac. A. 12. 9 quod aetati utriusquc mm
I % Abuccius — Aburnius.
ahsurdum erat. 6. Of an action, overdone, uncouth : Tac.
H. 5. 5 ludaeorum mos ahsurdus sordidusque ; A. 3. 47 ahsurda adulatio. 7. Often with a neg., non or hand ahsurdum,
literally = not inappropriate: e.g. Sail. Cat. 3. \ pulchrum est bene facer e rei puhlicae, etiam bene dicere hand absurdum (not in- effective) ; Tac. H. 4. 48 pauca . . . repetiero ah initio causisque ialiuni rerum, non ahsurda (not irrelevant) ; 4. 65 haiid fuerit ahsurdum tradere] 3. 51 haud ahsurde memorahimus; and so else- where in Tac. E. g. A. 13. \\ferehatur tion ahsurde dixisse (not un- wittily) ; so Suet. Gramm. 6 ; Dom. 3; Vita Verg. 22 non ahsurde carmefi se ursae more parere dicens et lambendo demutn effijigere. 8. Foolish, absurd: Plant. Epid. 326 R ahsurde facis qui te animi angas : and so very often in all Latin.
Abuccius and Abuccia, nomina : I. R. N. 4108 (Formiae), and often in I. R. N. ; also C. I. L. 2. 2626 (Conventus Asturum, in Gallaecia).
Abudius and Abudia, nomina: several times in C. I. L. 5 (Northern Italy); C. I. L. 3. 2938; Tac. A. 6. 30.
Abullius, Abulius, and Abulia, nomina: I. R. N. 4996 (Bovianum), 5062. 5063 (Aesernia); C. I. L. 2. 2254 (Spain).
Abundabilis, plethoric : Cass. Fel. 84. 17 plethorium, quod nos Latino sermone ahundabile dicimus. (Archiv.)
Abundantia. 1. (a) an overflow: Vitruv. 5. 9. 7 ex-
cipiuntur abimdantiae aquarum ; 5. 9. 6 ai5. palusiris ; Plin. Pan. 30 of the Nile; Plin. N. H. 27. 32 abundantia sanguinis ex vulneribus, and so elsewhere in the elder Pliny. (b) Of the stomach,
over-fulness : Suet. Claud. 44. 2. (a) Abundance, always
with the idea of there being more than is wanted : with gen. of the thing in which there is abundance, and abs. So very common from Cicero downwards. (b) In the moral sense of prodigality, Tac. Agr. 6 ludos medio rationis atque ahundantiae duxit. (c) Of style, luxuriance: ?Cic. .? ap. Quint. 12. i. 20 se ipse {Cicero) multa ex ilia iuvefiili abundantia coercuisse testatur.
Abureius, nomen : C. I. L. 6. 127. iii. 8 (Rome, 86 a. d.), ib. 200 (Rome, 70 A. d.).
Aburius, nomen: C. I. L. i. 305. 306 (Rome); 2. 3669 (Palma in Majorca); I. R. N. 6310. 3 (Aeclanum) ; Liv. 39. 4. 3. Cog- nomen Aburianus ; C. I. L. 6. 3517 (Rome).
Aburnius, nomen : C. I. L. 6, 1421 (Rome, 118 a. d.); cogn. Aburniajius, ib. 6. 2083. 33 (Rome, 120 a. n.).
Abursidius — Acca Larentia. 13
Abursidius, nomen: C. I. L. 6. 2375 a, ii. 15 (Rome, 120 a. d.).
Aburtidius, nomen : C. I. L. 6. 1056, iii. 102 (Rome, 205 a. d.).
Abusi6= Greek Kardxprja-is. 1. In rhetoric and grammar,
the use of a word of kindred signification for the proper word: Corn. Her. 4.45 abusio quae verbo simili et propinquo pro cerio et pro- prio abutitur (e.g. brevis {or parvus and the like) : comp. Cic. Orat. 94, where it seems to include exaggeration, as minutum {ox parvum. Quint. 10. 1. 12 per abusmiem sicarios eiiam omnes vocamus qui caedem ielo qiiocunque covimisertint. Quint. 8. 6. 34 distinguishes abusio from translalio or metaphor : abusio is employed, he says, when a thing has not a name, and the name of a similar thing is given it; translalio when one name is used instead of another : comp. 8. 2. 5. 2, Of contempt = ^i;K7?;pio-/ios : Vulg. Ps. 30. 19 qtiae loqu- unlur adversus iuslumin abusione\ Itala 2 Mace. 7. 39 acerbe ferens abusionem ipsius (see Ronsch S. B. p. 5, where more instances are given). 3. Of misuse in general: Augustin. Doct. Christ, i. 4 usus inlicilus abusus polius v el abusio nominanda est', Sal v. Gub. Dei 8. 175 fin. Deum inerliae et abusionis et iniqui talis accusant. 4.
Of degeneracy, degradation : Ps. Cypr, De duod. abusivis 2 secundus abusio7iis gradus est, etc.
Abusivus. 1. Of an expression, wrongly applied. In
rhetoric, of the use of a word in a sense not strictly belonging to it : Quint. 8. 6. ^^ poctae solenl abusive eliam in his rebus quibus nomina sua sunt vicinis polius uii; so also 9. 2. 35; so Ulp. Dig. 1.3. 2. i ; Dig. 47. 10. 15. 40; Serv. on Verg. passim; and elsewhere in later Latin, e. g. Paneg. Const. 4 abusiva appellatio. 2. Of a person, wrongly named : Ps. Cypr. De duod. abusivis 6 abusivus Chrislianus. 3. In general sense, wrong: Amm. 24. 4. 18 abusive incusso ariete. 4. Subst. n. abusivu?n, an abuse : De
duodecim abusivis, title of a work falsely attributed to Cyprian.
Acalanthis, a small bird usually said to be the goldfinch : but Mr. W. W. Fowler thinks it was one of the warblers, willow or sedge : Verg. G. 3. 338 litoraque alcyonen resoTianl, acalanthida dumi.
Acca Larentia is generally taken to mean the mother of the Lares, and Acca to be an earth-goddess, identified in legend with the nurse of Romulus and Remus (Varro L. L. 6. 23 ; Ov. F. 3. 55). Acca appears as a cognomen C. I. L. 4. 1550 (Pompeii), and C. I. L. 2. 2808 (Clunia Sulpicia in Tarraconensis). The following proper names seem to be connected with Acc-a: — Accavus, nomen, I. R. N. 5342 (Interpromium) ; and elsewhere in
14 Accantito — Accensus.
I. R. N. ; cognomen, Val. Max. 3. 20; Acceins, nomen, C. I. L. 6. 2198 (Rome); Acccllius and Acccllia, nomina, often in C. I. L. 5 (N. Italy); Accenna, nomen masc., C. I. L. 2. 1262 (Spain); Accius,nov[\Qn. Acceia is explained in Gloss. Philox. z&^acrKdka^r], a woodcock.
Accantito, freq. from accanio, to sing in accompaniment : conj. by Ribbeck in Livius Andr. Tr. 9.
Accede : the following special usages deserve notice. 1. Of additional payments: Plaut. Cure. 344 R et pro his decern accedunt minae ; Pers. 668 R pro vestimentis hue decern accedunt minae . . . Abscedent enini, non accedent; Cato R. R. 144. 5 accedit oleae salsae mod. V. ; Varro L. L 5. 183 usura quae accederet ad sortem. 2.
Of an increased price : Plin. Ep. 6. 19. i scis tu accessi'sse pretium agrts ; Col. 3. 21. 6 plurimum prelio accedit. 3. Of things in- cluded or given in in a purchase: Plaut. Epid. 472 'K fidicinam . . . atque etia7n fides ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis; Varro R, R. 2. 10. 5 accedere peculium in emptione solet; 2. 9. 6 cum accessissent gregibus canes sine pastor ibus ; Cic. Agr. 2. 36 haec lege tribunicia decemviri vendent. Accedet eo mons Gaurus : accedent salicta ad Minturnas ; Top. 100 sic nos ad id quod mancipio dare debuimus, ornamenta quaedam voluimus accedere ; Tac^^A.. 1.73 quod effigies eius, ut alia numinum simulacra, venditiomous hortorum et domorum accedant ; so Gaius Dig. 21. i. 32. 4. Met. of something in-
cluded in a larger whole : Quint. 2.2.6 ilia quae in ornamentum operis accedunt (the accessories of Pheidias's statue) ; 12. 15. 18 7io7i utique accedit parti quod universum est (is included in).
Acceia, a woodcock or snipe : Gloss. Philox. acceia, acrKoKa^r).
Accensus, -i, one who is reckoned in addition : and so 1. In military language, a supernumerary or auxiliary : accensi velati, or the unarmed accensi, were originally assistants attached to the legion to take the place of the men who fell: Fest. p. 369 M. In the time of the empire there was a centuria accensorwn velatorum, whose business was connected with keeping the roads in repair. Several sepulchral inscriptions to accensi velati are collected in C. I. L. 6. 1969 foil. Accensus velatus tnaximus (oldest) de via sacra, ib. 1974. In old times they may have been employed to make roads for the legions. Varro L. L. 5. 82 equites et accetisos ; Plaut. ap. eund. L. L. 7. 58 ubi rorarii . . . ubi sunt accensi} (wrongly identified with the rorarii by Paul. p. 14 M); Liv. 8. 8. 8 tertium {vexillum) accensos ducebat. They would also appear to have waited upon the
Accentio — Accentus. 15
officers of higher and lower rank : Varro Vila P. R. 3 (Non. p. 520) qui de adscriptivis, cum erant adtributi decurionibus ei ce?iiurmii- bus, qui eorinn habent ninnerum, accensi vocabantur. Eosdcm etiam quidam vocantfereniarios. Comp. Cato ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 59 accen- sos Cato ministratores esse scribit. 2. An attendant oh one of the higher magistrates (not the censors) : to be distinguished both from the Uctores (for one of whom the accetisus may originally, in JMomni- sen's opinion, have been meant as a substitute) and from the apparitores. No inagistratus could have more than one accensiis, who was often, though not always, his freedman (see Cic. Q. F. i. I. 4. 13): and the office oi accensiis ceases when the magislrahis gives up his functions. Accensi are mentioned in Varro L. L. 6. 88. 95 as summoning the comi/ia; by Aquilius 10 as calling the time of day during the sitting of the courts (INIommsen, Slaatsrecht i. p. 280 foil.; ]\Iarquardt, Staatsverwaltung ii. p. 319 foil). Sepulchral in- scriptions to accensi: C. I. L. 2. 4536 ; 6. 1934 (a. Caesaris, sheriff of Caesar) ; 1933 consular is; 5. 8142, '^'^^\ patronorum^a patrono; 883, 3120 consulis ] 6. 1887 divo Vespasiano. Spelt adcettsus, C. I. L. 6. 1966; accesus and accessus, ib. 1963, 1973.
Accentio, properly a singing or sounding in accompaniment, but in usage opp. to succeniio, as a higher note to a lower : Eulog. in Somn. Scip. ap. Orelli Cic. vol. 5. p. 409 acuti so7ti vehementius el cilius percusso acre pulsanlur : el ubi nimitis incilatiorque pulsus est, accentio vocitatur: succetitio vero, cum lenior lardiorque pul- satio est.
Accentus, -us, properly a singing or sounding in accompani- ment. 1. In Grammar. (a) The musical accent, or pitch, given to a syllable = Greek npoaabia. Called by Nigidius Figulus voculatio (Gell. 13. 26. 3). Cicero Orator 58 speaks of vocem acutam (z'o.r=note). Varro (see Gell. 18. 12. 8) seems to have used the \nox6. prosodia in sing, and pi. Whether he used accentus it is not easy to decide ; from the fragment edited by Wilmanns (De M.Terentii Varronis Libris Grammaticis) one can hardly infer it. Accentus is not quoted from any writer earlier than Quintilian (i, 5. 22), and may have been coined by Verrius Flaccus or Pliny. Diom. p. 430 K accentus est acutus vel gravis vel injiexa elalio ora- liotiis, vocisve intcntio vel inclinatio, acuto aut injlexo sono regcns verba . . . Accentus est did us ab accincndo, quod sit quasi quidam cuiusque syllabae canlus. Apud Graecos quoque idea TrpoaaBla dicitur, quia irpoaaSerai ra'is crvXAo^ait ; Prisc. 2. p. 519 K accentus est certa
i6 Acceptio — Acceres.
lex ei regula ad elevandam el depriviendam syllabam unhiscuiusque partictilae orahmts, qui fit ad simililudinefti elemenlorum, liiterarum syllahananque, qui etiavi tripartito dividiiur, acutogravi circumflexo ; Mart. Cap. 3. 268 est accentus, ut quidam putant, anima vocis et seminarium musices, quod omnis modulatio ex fastigiis vocum gravi- tateque componitur, ideoqtie accentus quasi adcantus dictus est. See also Isid. Or. I. 17. It is held by some scholars (as by Seelmann IJber die Aussprache des Latein) that the Latin accent was not a musical, but a stress accent. In support of this view is quoted Serv. in Don. p. 426 K accetitus in ea syllaha est quae plus sonat . . . Invenimus . . . naturali ratione illavi syllabam plus sonar e quae retinet accentu?n, atque usque eodem nisum vocis ascender e (= Pomp. p. 126 K). It is also urged that accentus is sometimes described as intentio : e.g. Cled. p. 32 K tria habet cognomenta accentus: aut toni sunt aut tetiores sunt aut accentus, toni a sono, accentus ab actiendo, tenores ab inten- iione. But there is no real contradiction between these passages and the theory of a Latin musical accent. The higher note naturally sounds more or further ; and the word intentio proves no more than the Greek tovos does with regard to the Greek accent, 2. Of quantity: Charis. p. 35 K ifi accentu lofigo duo ho?)iities ; Non. p. 50 M breviato accentu; Cledon. p. 6 K; Marius Plotius p.
451 K. So Dion, Thrax p. 107 Uhlig biaipovvTM Se ai Trpoa-aSlat els reaaapa' els rovovs, els ;(poj/oiis, els irvevpara, els TidOrj. 3. The
mark or written indication of the accent: Diom, Prise. 11. cc. Sometimes extended to include the marks of quantity, the hypheti, the diastole, and apostrophus : Serg. De Ace. p. 482 K ; Prise. 1. c. ; al. Gramm. So Dion. Thrax p. 107 Uhlig. 4. In general,
a tone, note : Solin. 5. 19 (Jibias) milvinas quae in accentus exeunt acutissimos ; Fronto ad Ant, p. 158 Naber unam vocale?n litteram multis et variis accentibus cantare. (In Amm. 16, 12. 36, 24, 4. 22, anceiitus is probably right, not accentus : see s. v. ancentus).
Acceptio, in a religious sense, initiation into: C. I. L. 6. 751 (Rome) a?ino XXXo acceptionis suae; Arnob. 5. 26 acceptiones sacrorum.
Acceptor, one who approves: Plant, Trin. 204 R qui illorum verbis falsis acceptor fui; Tert. De Pat. 4; Apol. 28. 2 per sonar um acceptor; Oros. 7. 33, 18, (Ronsch S. B. p. 5.)
Acceres, a sacrificial axe ; Gloss. Philox, acceres, d^ivrj lepo(f)aPTov, iis liXavTos; probably this word is meant in Paul. p. 10 M ' acieris' securis aerea qua in sacrificiis utuniur sacerdotes.
Accerso — Arcesso. 1 7
Accerso, to summon : not to be confused with arcesso '. The form accerso has good manuscript support in the fohowing places, where it means to summon, call (comp. Prise. 2. p. 276 K vocaiiva qiioque, voco ie, imploro, clamo, nomi'no, fttinciipo, invoco, accerso) : Plaut. Aul. 613 R; True. 130 quo tier inceptas ? quis est quern accersis (so A); Most. 509 R vi'vom me accersunt Acheruntcm vior/ui', Bacch. 424 ad malum accersehatur 7?ialum (so B) ; Rud. 1056 ahiisti June eru?>i accersituiti (so B) ; Ter. Eun. 510 iussit me ad se accersier; 592 accersitur lavaiwii inter ea virgo; Ad. 354 obsteiricem accerse ; 904 cur no7i domurn Uxorem accersis ? And. 515. Cic. Cluent. 78 in aedes T. Annii . . . noctu Staienus accersitus ab Oppianico venit; Cat. 3. 6 itein accersitus est L. Sta/ilius et post eum C. Cethegus ; 4. 4 servitia excitantur, Catilina accersitur ; Dom. 5 accersi/um, revocatum conservandae rei public ae causa con fi ter is ; Verr. 4. 76 optimum quemque et nobilissimum ad se accersebat; Dom. 94 om7iium civium studiis desideratum, repetitum, accersittwi ; Cluent. 27 accersit sine causa puerum Teantmi; Dciot. 13 vel rogatus ut amicus vel accersitus ut socius; Sail. Cat. 40. 6 praeterea Gabinium accersit, quo maior auctoritas sermoni incsset; I. 62. 4 Metellus proper e cunctos setiatorii ordinis ex hibernis accersi iubet; 109. 4 Sulla a Boccho occulte accersitur; 113. 4 postrano Sullam accersi iubet; 39. 2 ab sociis et nomine Latino auxilia accersere; H. i. 48.6 cum Etruriam coniurare, proscripios accersi, largitionibus rem pub- licam lacerari videbam; Verg. A. 5. 746 (M. R.) socios; A. 6. 119 Manes ace er sere conitigis; perhaps G. 4. 224 tenues accersere vitas (R.) ; Liv. 10. 18. 7 «rt? collega?n accersendu?n ex Samnio; 38. 30. r ia7n diu accersentibiis Aegiensibus ac Lacedaemoniis; Quint. 7. 3. 33 amicufn accersier it trans mare; Tac. A. 12. 10; H. i. 31, 38. Met. Cic. Cael. 19 rivulus accersitus et ductus ab ipso capite accusa- iionis vestrae; Hor. 2. Ep. i. 168 ex medio quia res accersit (so V., which has accessit); Petron. 37 lo7ige accersere fabulas coepi {\.o hunt for conversation ?) ; 139 7ne accersito ser7none lassasset (forced, far- fetched.?); Quint. 2. 4. 31 accersunt verbosissi7nos locos (summon to their aid ?) ; 8. 6. 7 7iiJiil horu/71 suis verbis {/nag is) qua7n his accersit is. [Accerso, not arcesso, is the reading of A in Plaut. Pseud. 326, 663 R.)
Arcesso, -is, -ivi, -itum, and in late Latin arcessio, -ire: so Cypr. Papist. 22. 2 and Itala several times (see Ronsch I. V. p. 284) ; it is, however, doubtful whether the fourth conjugational form should ever be introduced into the text of classical authors, though
* This view has been anticipated by Professor A. S. Wilkins in the sixih volume of ihc Journal of Philology.
C
i8 Arcesso.
arccssiri has good MS. authority in Liv. 3. 45. 3, Tac. H. i. 14, aiid is sometimes found in inferior MSS. of Caesar7"^Uist, and other classical writers; see Neue L. F. 2. p. 416. Inf pass. arassier Caecil. 263 and elsewhere in Lat. 1. To send for,
send to fetch ; both of persons and things ; very often in Latin. Plaut. Amph. 951 R Blepharoncm arcessat; Capt. 949; Bacch. 354 R Hit aurum arcessere; Caecil. 263 qtieni contra amari, quern expeti, quern arcessier \ Cato Orig. 4. 12 magi strum equitum arcessi; Cic. Rose, Am. 50 ab aratro arcessebantur qui consules fierent; ib. 76; Verr. Act. Pr. 25 qiiani ob r€7n arcesserentur . . . non venisse; and often in this sense in Cic. Note esp. Har. Resp. 24 quorum {ludoruvi) religio ianta est ut ex ultimis terris arcessita in hac urle consederit ; Verr. 5. 45 arcessere res transmarinas ; 4. 115 sacra ab exteris nationibus ascita alque arcessita; Caes. G. 3. 9. 10 auxilia arcesse ex Britannia; G. 5. 11. ^ fabros ex continenti; Sail. Cat, 52. 24 Gallorum gentem; H. 2. 72 argentum mutuum; and often in Sal!.; Fasti Praenest. (C. I. L. i. p. 316) arcessita Mater Magna ex lilris SibiiUinis; Hor, i. Epist, 5, 6 si melius quid habes, arcesse, vel imperiiim fer. 2. Met. Plaut. Amph. 327 R a me
sibi maJam rem arcessi t iumento suo; Cic, De Or. 2. 117 a capite quod velimus arcessere; 3, 156 orationi splendoris aliquid arcessunt; Top. 39 id usque a capite arcessere; Verg, A. 10. 11 adveniet iustuni pugnae {tie arcessi te) tempus. Petron. 115 ad arcessendos sensus (getting his thoughts from a distance). So part, pass, arcessitus often = far-fetched : e.g. Cic, De Or. 2. 256 ne arcessitum dictum videatur, and several times in Quint. Vel. Longus p. 78 K uses arcessitus of an unnecessary lelter : />/ ' abstinente ' s arcessittwi est. 3, As legal t. t. arcesso means to summon to trial, often (like accuso) with gen. of the charge on which the person is summoned : Corn. Her. I. 18 arcessit capitis; Cic. De Off. 2. 51 capitis arcessere; so Deiot, 30; Sail. I. 32. i ; 73. 5; and often in the historians; met. Nigid. ap. Gell. 19. 14. 8 inscitiae. 4, In Christian language, of
the summons to die : Cypr. Epist. 22. 2 qtios Dominus in tanta tribu- latioiie arcessire dignatus est. [A distinction was drawn by some grammarians between arcesso and accerso, to the effect that arcesso meant to accuse, and was derived from arceo ^=prohibeo ; accerso to call or invite, and was derived from accio. So Caper De Verb. Dub. p. 107 K; Agroecius, p. 114 K; Charis. p, 256 K; Papirianus ap, Cassiod. p. 164 K. Terentius Scaurus, p. 26 K, mentions this theory, but to reject it, and adds nobis, titc unique scribctidtim, ad eandem signi- ficationem videntur pertifiere ; comp, Velius Longus, p. 71 ; Gloss, ap.
Accessa — Accessio. 19
Mai CI. Auct. 6 arcesco arceo (probably arcesso). It seems probable that the words were different, accerso meaning to call, invite, arcesso to go and fetch, but that owing to the great similarity of meaning and form, they were often confused as early as the second century a. d. Accerso e.g. is hardly ever found in the sense of to accuse, though good ]MSS. of Sail. I. 32. i give it thus, and rarely also good MSS. of other authors. Is it possible that arcesso is from arceo in the sense of to confine, and means originally to go and seize, lay hands upon ? It generally has the meaning of bringing iviih one. Accerso is connected by Lottner and Johann Schmidt with Slavonic kris- = exciiare : Schmidt, Zur Geschichte des Indogermanischen Vokalis- rnus, I. p. 18. Mr. Wilkins connects it with Sanskr. karsh — (r) 10 plough, (2) to draw along.] The supine of accerso is accersltum Ter. And. 515 ; the fourth conj. forms acctrsiri and accersiendus are found in inferior MSS. of Sail. I. 62. 4; Liv. 10. 18. 7 ; and in Tac. H. I. 14 Med. has accersiri', but they are probably unsound, and formed on the analogy of arcessio.
Accessa, -ae, the flood-tide: Serv. A. i. 246.
Accessibilitdr = (in logical sense) accidentally as opp. to sub- stantially : Claud. Mam. De Stat. An. 3 ad init. virtus in Deo et in homine ita differe?is, quod illic subsianlialiier, hie accessibiliier.
Accessio as -a technical term in business (see accede^. 1,
Something included, or given in, in a transaction of buying and selling: Cato R. R. 144. 5 accessiones; Cic. Verr. 3. 76, 83, 116, 117 trilici viodium XXI et accessionis IIS 3131 ; iritici modium V et accessionem ; viidti cogehantur IIS singulos semis accessionis dare ; Col. I. 7. 2 /« /ignis et ceteris parvis accessionibus exigendis; Dig. 22 has the title De Accessioftibus, including usiirae and /ructus. 2.
Phrase in accessionem venire, to be given in: Sen. Ep. 87. 18. 3. Met. a mere appendage, accessory; Liv. 45. 7. 2 Syphax accessio belli Punict erat, sicui Gentius Macedonici ; Perseus caput belli er at; Val. Max. 5. 7. i nee accessio gloriosae illius pompae, scd auctor spectatus erat; Plin, 33. 5 aurum iam accessio est; Sen. Ep. 87. 18 (domini) accessiones illorum {patrimoniorum) et ap>pendices sunt; Tac. Hist. 3. 13 octo nimirum legiones unius classis accessionem /ore; C. I. L. 6. 2080 b. 47 calator sacerdotis est accessio (Rome, 1 20 a.d.) ; Velius Longus, p. 48 K accessionis loco. 4. In law, (a)
accessio temporis = an additional period, the period of time reckoned in order to make up the year required to get the benefit of the inter- dictum utruhi: Gaius 4. 151. T\\q possessor wz.^ sometimes allowed
c 2
20 Accidia — Acctibitum.
to add to his own period oi possessw that of the person from whom he had acquired, in order to make up the necessary year. (b) Accessio obligatiom's, Gaius 3. 126, an obligation accessory to another and principal obliga/io, as that of the adstipulator and sponsor: comp. Dig. 44. 7. 44. 3; 45. i. 91. 4.
Accidia, sc. : see Acedia.
Accido : the older form accede is preserved Enn. Tr. 114, 281 {accedissei); Varro Parmeno 10; Lucr. 2. 1025; 5. 609; Liv. 21. 10. 12 ; see on this point Ribbeck's Prolegomena to Vergil, p. 416.
Accipere sacra, to be initiated into rites : Lamprid. Hel. 7 : Ap. M. II. 21; perhaps this use was in Vergil's mind when he wrote (E. 4. 15) ilk deum vitam accipiet.
Acclinatio, a place of rest : Ambros. in Ps. 118.
Acclinatox'ium, the head of a couch : Ambros. Virg. 3. 5. 21.
Acco, cogn. masc, C. I. L. 2. 2734 (Segovia in Tarraconensis) ; 2- 937 (Caesarobriga in Lusitania); nomen masc, C. I. L. 6. 2583 (Rome) ; name of the chief of the Senones, Caes. G. 6. 4, 44.
Aceomraddativiis, of a preposition, = bearing the sense of 'suited to' : Prise, i. p. 37 K (' ob' invenitur) loco '•pro' velKajh. Graecae, aim accommodaiiva sunt; the example given being oh meritum.
Accongero, conjectured by Camerarius in Plaut. True. 113 R: the reading of A, however, accepted by recent edd.,is dona mea degessi.
Accorp6ro {adc-), to join closely to: Solin. 37. 8 {sagada) carinis ita tenaciier adcorporalur, ut 7tisi abrasa parte ligni aegre separetur ; met. to incorporate; Amm. 16. 8. 11 ut damnatorum pctita bona suis adcorporarent; Cod. Theod. 16. 5. 30 pr. idomibus) fisco nostra accorporandis.
Accubitaris, suited to a couch: Edict. Diocl. 16. 9.
Accubito, -as, to rechne at : Sedul. Carm. Pasch. Prol. 2 dig- natus nosfris accubitare ton's.
Accubitor, one who reclines near: Porphyr. Hor. i. Epist. 18. ID accubitaris amici.
Accubitorium, a building for funeral feasts: Inscr. Orell. 4511 (falsely spelt accumbitoriuni).
Accubituna, subst. n., a semi-circular couch for dining : Lamprid. Heliog. 19. 9; 25. 2 ; Schol. Juv. 5. 17 apud veteres accubitorujn usus non crat, sed in Icctulis discumbentes inanducabant. Tres autem lectuli era7it in quihus discumbcbant, utide hodicque tri- clinia appellantur. (The tricliniu?n consisted of three couches at
Accurro — Acer. 21
right angles to each other ; the accuhitian or fTiy\ia was a semi- circular couch made to suit a round table : IMarquardt Alt. 7. p. 298.)
Accurro: of the spelling {adc- or acc-^ Lucil. says (9. 25) ' accurrere ' s crib as D tie an C, non est quod qiiaeras fieve labor es.
AccusativTis : 1. casus ace, in Grammar, the accusative
case ; a translation of the Greek ahiaTiKr) nraais : Varro L. L. 8. 67 ; ib. 66 he calls it casus acciisatidi. According to another translation of aiVtaruij the case was also called causativus: Prise, i. p. 185 K accusativzis sive causativus : accuse hominern, et in causa homincni facio. The explanation is probably wrong, Trrcoais alriariKTj having been taken to mean the cause of causation, the case which expresses an effect. (The ed. princeps of Charis. p. 1 7 K has also causativus, but the known INISS. iricusativus) 2. Accusativa praepositio,
a prep, governing the accusative: Isid. Or. i. 12 ; al. later Gramm.
Accuse is spelt accusso in Lex lul. INIun. C. I. L. i. 206. 120.
Acedia {(iKrjbta), sometimes wrongly spelt accidia, sloth, in- dolence : Cassian. Inst. 10 de acediae spiritu; and elsewhere.
Acedior, -aris, to be languid, slothful : hence, to be wearied with a thing: Vulg. Sirach. 6. 26 7ie acedieris vinculis cius ; ib. 22. 16 non acediaberis in stultitia cius.
Acellasia, nomen. fem.: C. I. L. 5. 2634 (Este in N. Italy).
Acellius and Acellia, nomina : C. I. L. 6. 1057. vi. 107 (Rome, 205 A.D.); I. R. N. 4890 (Telesia).
Acephalus, -a, -um, Latin writing of the Greek aKe(f>aXos : pro[)erly, headless: hence in Gramm. = a mutilated verse. Of a hexameter: INIar. Victor, p. 67 K, who gives as an instance Jluviorinn rex Eridanus, where there is a syllable too much ; also jMar. Plot. Sac. p. 452 K, of a verse at the beginning of which a short syllable is lengthened, as reliquias Danaum. Of an iambic verse wanting its initial syllable: INIar. Vict. pp. 135, 137; so of a trochaic, as being an iambic minus its first syllable, Ter. INIaur. p. 395 K V. 2349; ib. V. 2420.
Acer, -is, subst. n. (but fem. ace. to Prise, i. p. 151 ; 233 K; on what aulhorit}- Prise, speaks is not clear) : gen. aceris, though Serv. quoted by Prise, would wish a gen. aceri. IVIr. Ilaverfield quotes Fragm. Bob. de Nomine (Gramm. Lat. Keil 5. p. 559) licet qui- busdam ^ haec acerus' noininaiivo did debcre placcat. The maple- tree: its ditferent kinds described by Plin. 16. 66 foil.; its uses in covering things made of other material, ib. 231, 33. 146. The second kind mentioned by Plin. as crispo macularum dtscursu may
2a Acer.
be the one meant by Ov. (M. lo. 95) acerque coloribiis impar. Used for writing-tablets: Ov. Am. i. 11. 28 nuper vile fuistis acer. Acer, fern. ac7'is, n. acre, but also masc. dcris Enn. A. 369 ; Cels. 8. 4; Col. 12. 17. 2: fern, acer Naev. Pun. 67 acer hiemps; so Enn. A. 406 ; see Prob. Inst. p. 64 K. Prob. Cath. i. p. 13 K mentions a neuter acer; Cn. Matius is said by Charis. i. p. 117 K to have used acruni for acreni; and Prob. App. p. 197 K says acre non acrum. Is acrd abl. fem. sound in Pallad. 9. 5. 3 ? Comp., sup. acrior, acerrimus; adv. acriter, acriiis, acerrime. 1. Sharp,
piercing, in various applications. (a) Of a vi^eapon : Lucil. 13. 1 acribus armis ; Tac^ G. 6 angusto et brevi ferro, sed ita acri, etc. (b) Of things affecting the senses. Of cold : Naev. Pun. 67 acer humps; so Enn. A. 406; Lucr. 4. 260 acre frigtis; 6. 373 confligimt hiemes aestatibus acres; 3. 20 acri prtiina; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 acerrimas tempestates (of winter). Of heat: Lucr. 6. 850 acri sole; 5. 906 acrein Jlammam; i. 650 acrior ardor; Catull. 45- 17 ignis acrior ardet in viedullis; Sail. H. 3. 32 si quas aedes igfiis cepit acriter ; Verg. G. i. 93 rapidive poiettiia solis Acrior; Plin. 14. 77 acri sole; met._Tac. H. 2. 86 acerrimam belli fac em praeiulii. In Hor. 2. S. 4. 59 acri stomacho is said by Orelli to = aestuanti (rightly .?) \ Of what affects the taste, sour : Plant. Bacch. 404 (met.) sitne aceto tibi cor acre in pectore; Cato R. R. 104. i. 2 acris aceti, acerrimiwi acetwn; 157. i amaro et acri; ib. 2 accrrima brassica; Hor. 2. S. 8. 7; Plin. 11. 39, and elsewhere; so Cels. 2. 21. 22 al. Acrid: Lucr. 3. 503 acer corrupti corporis umor; Cic. N. D. 2. 59 umores nimis acres aut nimis concreti. Of sound, loud, shrill: Plant. Cist. i. i. 109 acriter inclamare aliquem (or does this = severely ?) ; Lucr. i. 257 acri ctim fremitu (of wind); 3. 954 voce increpat acri (or is this = severe?); Corn. Her. 3. 21 acri clamore si co?up>kantiir arteriae; Verg. G. 4. 409 acrem flammae softitian; perhaps acres arcus A. 7. 164, 9. 665 ma\- mean sharp-sounding. Hor. i. C. 12. i acri tibia (shrill); Quint. 9. 4. 92 acres syllabae quae ex brevibus ad longas insurgunt; opp. lenis. Of a voice : ib. 11. 3. 162, 178. Of smell, strong, pungent: Lucr. 6. \20^ projiuviimi . . . sanguinis acre; i. 123 odorem acrcm (as oi absinthium) ; so 6. 121 7 ; 6. 747 acri sulpure ] 791 acrinidore offendit narcs. Of what affects the sight, dazzling: Lucr. 4. 709 ut no7t sint a His quaedam fnagis acria visu; 4. 329 splendor . . .
' Lactuca iunatat acri Post vinum stomacho. Perhaps the true reading is ac7-is \\. e. lacttua).
Acer. 23
acer adurit Saepe oculos \ Sen. N. Q. i. 14. 2 color es . . . rubor is acerrimi. Of a searching, penetrating force: Lucr. 3. 252 neqiie acre Permanare malum {potest). 2. Of attention, judgment,
thought, vision, sense; keen, penetrating: Cic. N. D. 2. 42 acerrimo sensu ei viobilitate praeditum ; ib. 1 8 acriorevi et divinain meniem; Lucr. 2. 1041 acri ludicio perpende; Cic. Fin. i. 57 acri ammo atque atienio; Flacc. 26 intentis oculis acer rime contc?nplari ; 'i'usc. 4. 38 acrem aciem intendere; De Or. 3. 17 in acerrima atque intcntissima cogiloiione ; Pis. 68 acriier intcUegens ; Plane. 66 populi Romani . . .oculos esse acris atque acutos; Cat. i. 8 rigilare acrius . . . quam k; Flacc. 103 acriorem improboruvi inter- dum 77iemoriam cssesentio quam bonorufu; Quint. 12. 10. 20 iudicium acre iersumque\ ib. 76 iudicium acrius ', Tac. H. 3. 48 acriier specular i; A. i. 5 acres custodiae; 11. 21 acri i7igenio. 3. Of
character; (a) sharp, keen, acute, clever: Plaut. Bacch.
371 R Bacchae sunt a<:errtima£\ Men. 595 R acerrumi testes; G. Gracchus xxxiv. 10 (Meyer) // vel acerrumi sunt; Quint, i. 4. 25 praeceplor acer atque sublilis. (b) In a good sense, severe.
•Strict: Cic. Verr. A. P. 30 ex acerrima ilia equcstri familia et disciplitia; Rose. Am. 85 acerritfio iudice; ib. 11 acria ac sever a indicia; Vatin. 29 lex acerri?na; Cat. 3. 13 sententiae acerritnae et /ortissiftia^; Tac. H. 2. 77 acriore disciplina . . . agunt (of military discipline), 4. Of sickness, distress, pain, torment,
fear, desire, passion ; (a) keen, piercing, violent, severe :
Naev. Trag. 40 acrem acrimoniam ; Plaut. Bacch. 538 R acgritudo acerruma; 628 mala acria atque acerba; Men. 872 R acrem morbum (in Trin. 540 the reading is doubtful); Corn. Her. 2. 29 acerrima formido; Varro Ai. Stram. acre acger ; Lucr. 3. 65 acris egestas ; 6. 658 acer dolor; so 4. 716 (and Verg. A. 7. 291 ; II. 709); 6. 12 1 2 metus his incesserat acer (so Verg. A. I. 362) ; 5. 45 cuppedinis acres Curae; 3. 461 acres curas (so Verg. G- 3. 538); Cic. Verr. 4. 39 cupiditas hoc etiam acrior atque in- sanior; Yv&.^o acerrime furere; Clu. x^"] tormcntorum acerrimorum : Rose. Am. 37, Cat. i. 3 acre suppliciimi; Verr. 5. 142 cacduui acer rime virgis; Rose. Am. 12, Verr. i. 11 acer rime vitidicare; Lucr. 5. 1 1 48 acrius sc ulcisci; 6. 72 ut ex ira poenas pcicre iiibibat acris ; Cic. Sull. 52 quae nox omnium coniurationis temporufti acerrima fuit atque acerbissima, the cruellest, hardest: Tac- A. 2. S^populus . . . acrius doluit. (b) Also in good or neutral sense : Cic. Arch. 28 amor gloriae; Mur. ^6 studium ; Phil. 12. 7 libcrtatis recuperandae cupidilalem. 5. Severe, cruel, angry: (a) Plaut. Rud. 70
24 Acer.
ocerrumum signum Arcturus; Ter. Ph. 262 lenem palrevi iUiim faclu7n esse accrrimtim; Lucr. 3. 311; 5. 399; 6. 753 ira acris;
Catull. 83. 5 acrior quae mtillo est res, Ira/a est; Lucr. 6. 1184 fitriosus voltus et accr; 3. 289 ^.v ociilis micat acribus ardor; 3. 741
acris vwletitm ; 5. 87 ; 6. 62 dominos acris adsciscunt; 3. 294 acria
corda Iracundaque mens ; 6. 392 docuvicn mortalibics acre ; Cic. Verr.
I. 77 acerrimtan testimonium (most wounding, damaging); Corn.
Her. 3. 27 acri aspectu;T^. A. 4. 6 acri annona (severe prices):
15. 68. acrem mcmoriayn (biting, stinging). (b) Of poison, deadly: Lucr. 4. 637 al. ; Sail. L 89. 4 vis serpentum. 6. Of action, feeling, character, force, movement : strong, vigorous, vehement, ardent, active (very often of a battle or contest, or of those who take part in it): (a) Plant. Bacch. 471 R quae acerrume aestuosa absorbct; Amph. 11 13 R anguis acrius persequi; Trin. 723 acrem • • -fugitorem (comp. Verg, G. 3. 141 acri Carpere prata fuga); Enn. A. 369 somnus {tnortales) mollissimus percuUt acris (strikes them strongly?); Trag. 26 acrem aciem (gallant army?); Ter. Ph. •^^^6 prima coitio acerriwia (the first round is the sharpest); Cato Or. 5. 4 acerrume qui advorsus eos dicit; Afran. 309 conicere anna inter sese acrius; Ace. ^20 acris incursio; Corn. Her. 3. 23 contentio est oratio acris; 2. 49 acriter et criminose et diligent er exponere; Lucr. I. 70 acre?7i Inritat animi virtutem ; Cic. Sest. 45 vir fortis et acris animi magnique ; Mil. 2^ cum . . . se . . . acri animo defendcret ; Sail. L 7. 4, 28. 5 ingenium; L 27. 2, 43. i vir; Lucr. 6. 128 vis eius {procellae) et itnpctus accr; Cic. Verr. 2. 159 acerrimtan impetum ; so Phil. 14. 26; Lucr. 5. 625 acres Imminui supter vires; I. 246 dum satis acris Vis obeat pro textura cui usque rcperta; 2. 954 7ninus oblato acriter ictu; i. 922 acri Percussit thyrso laudum spes magna mewn cor; Corn. Her. 2. 29 acerrimus inimicus; Cic. Att. 2. 21. 2 acer in ferro; Att. 10. i. 4 acerrime bellum par are; Att. I. 10. 4 acrem amatorem; 13. 37. 2 acerrime litigare; Q. F. I. 2. 16 acerritnos cives (keen, warm in the cause); Hirt. ap. Cic. Att. 15. 6. 3 acerrima cotisilia opp. to inertissima ; Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10. 31. 5 acrius aut pugnacius nihil hac legio7ie ; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8. 15. i acrior in rebus gere7idis 7ie77io; Cic. Att. 10.
16. 2 acerrif/ie adsei-vabir/iur ; Att. i. 16. i acriter et vehe77ienter proeliatus sum. (b) Often in Cic. of the parties in a contest of any kind : Prov. Cons. 33 acerrimae nationes = most warlike. Often coupled with vehemens, audax, and the like: Clu. 67 ho77ii7ie . . . ad efficiendum acerrimo; Agr. 2. 82 acres, ad vim prompti; Phil. 10. 16 acerri7ni Caesar is actor urn patroni (keen). (c) Of a
Aceratus — Acerbatio. 2.;;
war or battle: Cic. Balb. 5. 14. 40; ]\Iur. 34; so Co.es. cer/amai, concurstis, defensor ; Sail, often in the same connexions ; Verg. often as an epithet of warriors, = keen, spirited, alert, gallant ; mostly abs., sometimes with annis; Veil. i. 3. i acer belli; Tac. H. 2. 5 inilitiae. (d) Quint, very often of a vehement manner or style in a speaker or pleader. (e) Tac. G. 37 regno Arsacis acrior est Ger manor urn libertas ; A. 13. 50 acri etiavi iu7npopuli R. liber late (vigorous, alive) ; so Tac. has acerrima mijiisteria, vigor animi acer., acres vires; H. 3. 51 acrior apud maiores siciit vir- tutibiis gloria, ita flagitiis paenitentia fnit (stronger, more acti\'e) ; A. 6. 17 acribus iniliis, incur ioso fine ; so elsewhere opp. to reniissus, desidia; G. 29 acrius animantur ; H. i. 54 eadem acrins volvcns (considering more keenly, effectively ?) ; and often in, Tac. f. Tac. often of contests and rivalry; note A. 14. 28 acriore ambitu comitia exarserant. 7. Of animals : spirited, keen, sharj) ;
Calo R. R. 124 canes acr lores ut sint (more vigilant, keen): so Varro R. R. i. 21 ; Cic. Rose. Am. 56. Of horses, spirited: Lucil. 30. 60; Lucr. 4. 420. Verg. has it of dogs, horses, wild boars, and wolves (G. 3. 264. 405 ; E. 10. 56 ; A. 8. 3). Of lions : Lucr. 5. 862 ; Corn. Her. 4. 62. Generally : Plin. 16. 183 Jicc omni- bus adipes carnesve largae, sicuti nee ani/nalium acerrimis. 8. Of style or quality in eloquence: telling, pungent: Quint. 6. 3. 57 acrior a . . . sunt et elegantiora quae tralmntur ex vi reruni ; 8. 3. 89 acre, ut illud Crassi, ' ego te consulem putcm, cum tu me non pules senatorem ?' comp. 9. 3. 71; 9. 4. 139 cuju dibeanl acria currcrc, delicatafluere; Tag. A. 16. 22 Eprium acri eloquent ia (biting). 9. In medicine, acre remedium, acr is curatio = a strong, drastic remedy : Cic. Clu. 67 acrioribus remediis; Cels. 6. 6. 14 acria medicamenia are opp. to tenia (in this place apparently with the notion of pungent taste); ib. 6. 6. i minus acrem curationetn. 10. Adv. acer rime, in a reply as a slang form of assent : Plaut. Pseud. 364 R Fernicies adulescentian . . . Acerrume.
Aceratus, -a, -um {acus\ mixed with chaff : Paul. p. 20 Vi aceratum lutum, etc.: (so perhaps Gloss, ap. Lowe p. 136 aarata farra; ex coni. H. N.).
Acerbas, n. p. of Dido's uncle: lustin. 18. 4. 5-8. (In ^c\%. larbas.)
Acerbatio, -onis, subst. fern, abstr. from acerbare, an embitter- ing, embiilermcnt : Cypr. Epist. 45. 2 quae fucrant . . . acer- bationibus criminosis comresla.
36 Aceruntia — Acisculus.
Aceriintia (not Ac/i-), name of a town in Lucania : C. I. L. 9. 417 (where see Mommsen); Hor. 3. C. 3. 14. Hence Acerunlini, the inhabitants of Aceruntia.
Acerusa, name of a town in Campania: I. R. N. 3571.
Aeervus, in logic ; not (as the dictionaries say) the argument sorties, which Cicero (Div. 2. 11) calls acervalis argumenialio, but the heap by which the argument is illustrated: Hor. 2. Ep. i. 47 ; Pers. 6. 80; comp. Cic. Acad. 2. 49.
Acetabiilus, collateral masculine form of acetabulum : Apic. 6. 241 ac. maiorem, minorem.
Aeetaferum, word invented to explain acetalulum : Isid. Or. 20. 4. 12.
Aceto. -as, to turn sour: late Latin. Gloss. Cyrill. o|t'^a), ace/o.
Acetosus, sour: Apic. i. 2 acetoso liqua?nme (Archiv).
Acheron or Acheruns : in Liv. 8. 24. 11 Acheros; ace. -U7ita or -07i/d, loc. -unti, abl. -unte; generally masc, but fem. Plant. Capt. 999. The Greek quantity is Acheron ; but in obedience to the Latin accentuation {Acheron) the older poets Plautus and En- nius generally lengthen the first syllable; so Plant. Capt. 689, 998, 999 R; Merc. 606 R; Most, 484 L; Enn. Trag. 278 ; so Acher- unsius Enn. Trag. 107; Acheruniicus Plant. Bacch. 198 R ; Merc. 290; Mil. 626 Rib.; Goetz and SchoU always write Accheruns, Accherunticus, etc., and this spelling is given by B in Capt. 525; Lucr. always adopts the Greek scansion, perhaps from metrical necessity. (So ^paxicov became Iracchium. Havet attributes the lengthening of the first syllable to the influence of the <://.)
Achromos (//xp^MOi^), hi Rhet., a case in which there is no colour or pretext alleged for an act : Fortunatianus ap. Halm R. L. ]\L p. 83.
Aeia, -ae, sewing-thread: Titin. 5 reliqui acus aciasque; Cels. 5. 26. 23. Proverb, ab acta et acu, from (or as we should say down to) the minutest details ; Petron. 76 a(5 acta et acu mi omnia exposuit.
Aciarium, a needle-case : Gloss. Cyrill. pacpiboSfjKT], aciarium.
Aciarium, steel : Gloss. Philox. aciarium, a-Tonana (emend. Scaliger) : Gloss. Epinal. p. 2. col. A Sweet; 'acceariurn' steeli. LCies, in measurement, a point: Grom. Lat. pp. 306, 307 L.
Acisculus and Acisculum, a small pointed hammer for cutting stones: Glosses quoted by Lowe P. G. p. 399 ^acisculum' quod hahent sir uc tores, quasi malleobis est ad caedendos lapides ; ' acisculum '
<2^ O^^MKv
^
fS'J
Aclys — Acroama. 2 7
vwUiohnn slriiciorium ; aciscidum, a-Ka^iov {jroi upv^ KrjTrr.vpiKT]. Acisaihis, cogn. m., Quint. 6. 3. 53; Acisculc, cogn. f., C. I. L. 4. 102 (Pompeii).
Aclys, -ydis : in Verg. A. 7. 730 P. spells achides, and the MSS. of Serv. on the verse acltdcs. A weapon described by Serv. A. 7 1. c. ' aclides ' sunt tela quaedam antiqua, adco ut nequaquam com- tiwmorentur in hello. Legitur tamen quod si?it clavae cubito semis factae, emincntibus hinc et ifide acuminibus : quae ila in hostem iaciun- tur religatae loro vel lino, ut peractis vulncribus possinl redire. Putatur tamen esse teli gcjius quod Jlagello in i?n?}icnsum iaci potest. (The other passages quoted in the lexx. throw no light on the matter.)
Acnua, a space of ground 120 feet .square : Varro L. L. i. 10. 2 ; said by Col. 5. i. 5 to be an expression of the rustics of Bae- tica (= actus); see Rudorff in Lachmann's Grom. Lat. 2. p. 279 ; and Frontin. 2. ib. p. 30. (In Col. 1. c. acna is found in Ursinus's MS. Can the true form be acena = Greek liKaiva, the Latin accent having altered the pronunciation ?)
Acquiesce. 1. In the sense of assenting, agreeing : Cic.
Ac. 2. 141 acquicscis, adsentiris, approbas ; Ulp. Dig. 27. 4. i. 4. With dat. of person: Suet. Vit. 14 cui velut oraculo adpiiescebat ; Ulp. Dig. 38. I. 7. I acquicsco Cclso. 2. To comply with, in
good or bad sense, Plin. (.?) ap. Pomp. p. 144 K dcbes quidem ad- quiescere regulis ; Vulg. i Tim. 6. 3 non adquiescit sanis sermoni- hus Do?nini 7iostri\ Sulpic. Sev. Hist. i. 11. 4, 2. i. 5 (Ronsch, I. V. p. 348).
Acrifoiius (acru/olius Calo R. R. 31) or Aquifolius, with prickly leaves : so of the holly tree. Acruf olios vectes, poles of holly-wood, Cato, 1. c. ; quoted by Plin. 16. 230 aquifolios ; Tarqui- tius Priscus ap. Macrob. S. 3. 20. 3 acrifolium; aquifolia ilex, aqui- folia, and aquifolium Plin. 16. 32, 73, 98, 231; 24. 116 and else- where. (It is possible, if not probable, that the original form was acu/olius, which became corrupted into aquifolius as lacuo into laqneo. The form acru/olius in the IMS. of Cato may be due to confusion, and acrifoiius to mere mistake.)
Acrivocis, with a sharp voice : Arnob. 3. 14.
Acrdama: abl. pi. acroamatis,C. I. L. 6. 1063 (Rome, 212 a.d.); acroamatibus ib. 1064 (same place and date). 1. Literally, a
thing listened to {aKpoa^ia) : so, an entertainment for the ears : Cic. Arch. 20 quod acroama aut cuius vocem libcntissime audiret ; Ncp. Att. 14. I nemo . . . aliud acroama audivit quatn anagnostcn; Plin.
28 Acroasis — Actio.
Ep. 6. 31. 13 inter dum acroamata audiebamus ; Petron. 78 novum acroa?)ia, cornidnes. 2. A buffoon, comic actor : Cic. Verr.
4. 4g festivimi acroama; so Sest. 116; Lamprid. Al. Sev. 34. 2 ; C. L L. 11. cc. 3. In general, an actor : Suet. Vesp. 1 9 ludis
. . . Vetera quoquc acroamata revocaverat.
Acroasis ((iKpuao-ir) in the sense of an audience : Varro rac^i) Mivinnov 5 acroasi bellonim ho?ninu??r, Cic. Att. 15. 17. 2 i7i acroasi audeai7i legere.
Acrdpdlistis, -idis, name of a woman in Plant. Epid. Act. 4. The cogn. f. Acropolis is found C. I. L. 6. 2260 (Rome).
Acrdteleutium (d/cporeXei)rioi/) name of a woman, Plaut. I\Iil.
Actarius, a register of acta or public documents: C. I. L. 2. 2663 actarius in equitibus leg. VII (Leg. VII, Gallaecia, a.d. 216) : C. I. L. 3. 3392 actarius alae, and elsewhere, as Inscr. ap. Wil- mann's Exempla Inscr. 591, 1489. Vel. Long. p. 74 says a dis- tinction was drawn between actarius and actuarius : actarius being scriptor actorum, actuarius qui actuin agit; or (p. 155) qui divers is actibus occupatur.
Actlensis, of Actium, Calend. Amitern. C. I. L. 9. 4191.
Actio, -onis, subst. fem. abstr. from ago. A. Motion :
Varro L. L. 5. i. n quod est in agitatu actio; ib. 12 {initiorum quadrigae sunt) locus et corpus, tempus et actio; Cic. N. D. i. 102 motu et actione divi7ta; Vitruv. 3. 5. 6 /« sifigulis tetr alitor lan actioni- bus (on each occasion of drawing the quadrant). B. Action
of various kinds, sing, and pi.: Varro L. L. 6. 42 actioman trium prirnus agitatus mentis . . . cogitare. deinde turn diccre ac facer e ; Cic. N. D. I. 1 01 actiones quae sint deorum ; Fam. 9. 8. 2 hones tas cur as et actiones; N. D. 2. 44 actione deos privare; Quint. 3. 6. ^o posuerat et Cicero in libris rhetor ids '■factV ^ nominis' ^generis' ^ actiofiis' ; so Quint. 3- 5. 6 hoc genus Cicero scientia et actione distinguit (theory and practice); see Cic. Off. i. 17 actio quaedam, non solum mentis agitatio. 1. Of natural processes, such as breathing, feeding,
digesting : Gels, i prooem. actioties naturales. 2. Of acting in
a theatre : Arnob. 7. 44 ; Cypr. 3. In an orator, action, ges-
ture : often in Cicero's oratorical works ; Quint, often, who divides it into vox and gestus, 11. 3. 14. 4. Specially of pronuncia-
tion: Quint. II. 3. X pronmitiatio a plerisque actio dicitur; Fortuna- tianus 15 (after Cic); Martianus Capella Rhet. 43 (Halm R. L. M. pp. 130, 484). 5. Actio gratiarum, a giving of
thanks: Cic. Fam. 12. 26. i al. 6. Actio vitae, the active
Actio. 29
spending of life: Cic. N. D. i. 2. 45; Off. i. 17. 7.
Specially of public and political acts or proceedings : so often in Cic. both in sing, and pi.; Att. 10. i. 3 actio esse de pace quae possit (=ihow can we discuss the question of peace ?) ; Q. F. 2. i. i niliil ex nosiris aciionibus praetermisit; Att. 2. 14. i cum has ac- tioncs evamTpenTovs indchai ; 2. 16. 2 aciiofics (opp. to leges) ipsinti pracstare debere; Fam. 5. i 2. 6 habet eni?n (my history) varios actus, mullasque act tones et consiliorum ct temporum; Fam. i. 9. i actionis illius amplitudinem, and passim in his speeches; Caes. C. i. 5 ; Sail. C. 43. I ; Liv. 2. 31. 8 ojuniimi actionum in senaiu primam habuit; 3. 21. 3 consulis actio', so often tribuniciae actioncs; 4. 48 16 latores rogationis . . . actionem deposuere ; 5. 24. 7 actio . . . transmi- grandi Vcios = proposal. 8. In late authors, a public occu-
pation : Cass. Var. 3. 25 publicae actiojies ; Leo M. ep. 77 archidiaconi actionis. C. In law. 1. An action or
legal proceeding: very often with the gen. of the matter in which the actio is started ; formerly called legis actio, Gains 4. 1 1 vel idco quod Icgibus proditae erant . . . vet ideo quia ipsarian legu?n verbis accommodatae erant. Legis actio is correlative to lege agere, and thus means action determined by a lex. Legg. XII. 2. i, 5. 10 (W.) actio familiae erciscundae, act. sacramenti; Lex Rep. C. I. L. I. 198. 56, etc.: so Cic. Caecin. 35 actio iniuriarutn, and often so in Latin; Xs^sA* ^^' ^^ cctcras actioncs promise as et pares esse (i. e. aequo iurc agi). 2. The power or right of bringing an
action: Cic. Verr. 2. 90 cius rei legibus Thermitanorujn actio sit; so the praetor is said actionem dare Cic. Verr. 2. 61, 66; Flacc. 49; the litigant actionem habere Cic. Caec. 32, 34, 37, and so regularly in Latin. 3. The formula under which the action
is brought : Cic. Caec. 54 actio est in auctorem praesentem his verbis, ' Quandoque te in iure conspicio' ; N. D. 3. 74 actio ilia, ' Ope consilioque tuo furtum aio factum esse ' ; I\Iur. 29 vestris formulis atque actionibus; comp. Caec. 8, 54. 4. Actioncs,
as title of a legal work (or collection of formulae.?), Varro L. L. 6. 89 Cosconius in Actionibus scribit; R. R. 2. 5. li Actio7ics ]\Iamilii; Cic. De Orat. 1.245 ad Actioncs Hostilianas te contulisscs : (comp. Att. 6. I. 8 Cn. Flavius . . . actioncs composuit). 5.
Actio litium: Cic. Phil. 9. 1 1 ncque instituere litium actioncs mahbal. 6. Actio causae, or actio alone, the pleading of a cause : a plead- ing: Cic. Phil. 13. 25 turpem vero actionem, qua de/enditur, etc.; Caec. 4 cu?n iUovum actionem causae consider 0; so Quint, often, who, 5. 14. 27, 12. 2. II, distinguishes the style of actio from
30 Actiosus — Actus.
that of dispii/atio; Quint. lo. i. 22 actiones Demosthenis aiqite Aeschinis [Icgere), i.e. tiie speeches; Suet. Cal. 53 prosper is oraio- rum aclionibus. Hence actiotievi 7iioi'ere=verba /acere, to speak, Ps. Cypr. de Sing. Cler. 34. 7. A judicial proceeding, hearing of
a case : Cic. passim, prima actio, secunda, altera actio, and the Hke ; Sail. I. 35. i^ prior e actione; Quint, and others; Arnob. 3. 6 secim- das actiones postulare {tit dicitur); so Ta^ (H. i. 20 ubiqiie hasta et sector et inquieta urbs actionibus). Sulpit. Victor Inst. Or. 4,^ (Halm R. L, M. p. 340) says that actio may mean tiiher poena atque animadversio, or ipsa accusatio et defensio.
Actl6su3, active, busy: Varro L. L. 7. 66 ut ab una faciendo
factiosae, sic ab una agendo actiosae dictae ; Cassiod. Var. 1 1 praef. ne quis possit offendi quod in praetoriano cuhfiine constitutis sic omni- ?nodis actioso paiica dictaverini.
Activitas, t. t. in Grammar, the active voice : Prob. Cath. pp. 39, 40 K, al. Gram.
Aetivus. 1. In rhetoric, practical as opp. to imaginary :
Quint. 3. 5. 1 1 hi BicTiv a causa sic dislinguunt, ut ilia sit spectativae
partis^ haec activae; so of rhetoric in general, Quint. 2, 18. 5 dicitur activa vel adjninistrativa (a practical, not a theoretical study) ; so Prise. Praeex. Rhet. 11 (Halm R. L. M. p. 559) distinguishes acAW
positio (a practical or real question) from inspectiva or intellectiva. 2. In literature, of a piece acted, not recited by the poet : Diom. p. 482 K dramatic on vel activum {poematos genus).
Aetualis, active. 1. Practical, as opp. to theoretical :
Macrob. Somn. Scip. 2. 17. 5 actualium virtutum; Cassian. Collat. often; Cassiod. De Dial, init., Isid, Or. 2. 24. 10. 2. Actualia
nomina, nouns denoting action, as rex, dux, cursor; Isid. Or. i.
7- 23-
Actuarius is given zs^^aciarius (q.v.) by the MSS. of Petron. 53. I ; Sen. Ep. 33. 9 ; Suet. lul. 55 : but the distinction quoted by Velius Longus seems to be correct. In the army actuarius was an officer whose duty it was to distribute pay or provisions : Amm. 12. 5. 9 ; Treb. PoUio xxx Tyr. 6. 3 ; Amm. 12. 5. 9; 15. 5. 3 actu- arius sarcinalitim, principis iumentorum ; C. I. L. 3. 6059 actuarius protectorum ', 5. 1595 (Aquileia) actoarius (sic) sanctae ecclesiae Aquileiensis ; Cod. lust. 12. 38. 16; 50. 6 and 7 a. classium urbis Constantinopolitanae.
Actus, -us. 1. INIotion, impetus, force of motion : (a)
Lucr. 3. 192 inellis pigri latices magis et cimctantior actus \ Verg.
Actus. 31
A. 12. (y^l fertur in ahruptum magno mons improhus acfu; so Luc. 9. 471; Sen. Ag. 432 ; met. Quint. 9. 2. 4 inotus . . . orationis atqiie actus. (b) Style of motion: Ov. Hal. 72, of a horse, quanloque venit speciabilis aciu. 2. Setting in motion, driving : (a)
Cic. Rep. 2. 67 levi admotu, non actu, flee til illaynfcram; Ov. F. i. 323 ; Cypr. Ep. 55. 28 actus (pi.) et cursus navis. Met., Tac. H. i. 12 qui in dies quafiio potentior, eodem actu invisior erat, ' so much the more unpopular, owing to the artificial impulse.' (b) The right of driving : (.'*) Cato R. R. 149. 2 (Jex qua pabulum venire oportet) . . . aqua, itinere, actu, domini usioni recipitur ; C. I. L. i. 1291 itus ac f usque est in hoce delubrum Feroniai; Cic. Caec. 74 aquae ductus, haustus, iter, actus. (c) Concr. a road for driving : Varro
L. L. 5. 2 via quod vehendo teritur, actus quod agendo ieritur; 5. 34 ut ager quo agi potest, sic qua agi actus; Fest. p. 17 IM (actus) iter inter vicinos iv pedum latum; Modestin. Dig. 8. 3. 12. 3.
Concr. (a) A land measure, a length of 120 feet: Plin. 18. 9 actus in quo boves agerentur cum aratro una impetu iusto; Varro R. R I. 10. 2 actus quadratus (a square with side of 120 feet); so Col. 5. 1.5; Paul. p. 17 ]M; actus ?ninimus, a space of 120 feet long and 4 broad, Varro ap. Col. 5. i. 5. (b) A definite space between two given points, of numbers, as from i to 90 : Varro L. L 9. 86 omnibus {mwieris) est una novenaria regula, duo actus, tres gradus; of aqueducts, Vitruv. 8. 7. ^ puteique ista sint facti uti inter binos sint actus ; ib. 7 inter actus ducentos . . . castella conlocari ; of honey-combs, Plin. 11. 22 limitibus binis circa singulos actus. (c) Of a book or play, an act: Ter. Hec. pr. ^9 pri'no actu placeo ; Varro R. R. i. 26 actus quartus; Cic. Q. F. i. i. 12 tamquam tertius actus fer/ectissi?mis ; so met. Cic. Marc. 27 hie restat actus ; Phil. 2. 34 al., Hor. A. P. 4. Action, in various senses. (a) Abs.,
action, as opp. to theory or speculation or words : Scaevola Dig. 46. 8. 5 non tantu?n verbis, sed etiam actu; Quint. 2. 18. 4 ab actu, id est opere, reeesserunt, et conteniplatione sui fruuntur; 3. 6. 26 actum, id est, Trpa^iv ; 8. 6. 11 rebus sensu carentibus actum quendam et animos damus; Sen.'Ep. 8. i in actu f/iovi. (b) In Grammar, action as opp. to passivity, Macrob. Diff. Verb. p. 652 K. (o) Doing, or performance: actus rci Quint 7. 2. 41 ; lo. i. 31 ; opcris 2. 18. I ; comp. 10. 6. I intir rncdios rcrum actus; 10. i. 27 actu forensi; Suet. Aug. 78 residua diurni actus; Plin. Ep. 9. 25. 3 me rerum actus . . . distringit. (d) Actus rcrum, of judicial proceed- ings: Suet. Aug. 32; Claud. 15; Ner. 17. {&) Actus ^\o\\e, o{ method in judicial proceedings: Traian. ap. Plin. Ep. 10. 97. i ac-
$2 Actia — Acuo.
/»m quevi dehiiisfi . . . setulus cs. (f) Ac his alone, of a pleading, like aciio : Quint. 6. 3. 43 and elsewhere ; Victorianus on Cornificius ap. Halm. R. L. M. p. 171. (g) A scene or action on the stage : Quint. 5. 10. 9 actus scaenarurn ; 6. 2. 35 ex alujuo graviore aclu : Suet. Ner. 24 in tragico qiiodam aclu: Liv. 7. 11. 2 fabeUanun actii. (h) Action, in an orator or actor ; Quint. 2.12. losiami ctiiqiie eorum , quae dice f, color i adcommodare aclum; 10. 2. 11 acltis hislriomim. (i) An action, in concr. sense: Justin. 31. 2. i ad speculandos aclus Annibalis; Veil. 2. 45. i aclus incesli reus ; Pers. 5. 99 velilos aclus ; Quint. 6. 2. 30 qui sibi res, voces, aclus, quam optirne fitigel ; 1 1. i. 47 in ccleris aclibus vilae ; Luc. 8. 806 adde aclus lanlos (achievements) ; so Cypr. De Mort. 6 and elsewhere ; Arnob. 6. 26 ab aclu omni sceJeroso; ib. 2. 46; Sulpic. Sev. Dialog. 2 (3). 11. 11 vir mullis bonisque aclibus praedilus; NxAg. Aclus Aposlohrum. (k) Away or method of action or living : Censorinus D. N. 8. 2 aclum vilamque nostram stellis lam vagis quam s talis esse subiectum ; Cypr. De cath. Eccl. Un. 21 ; De Lapsis 21 and often elsewhere ; Ep. 33. 2 aclus noslri mcdiocrilalem (.'' or = office .?). (1) An occupation, business,
line of duty : Scaevola Dig. 40. 5. 41. 13 aclum agere (management of accounts) ; Trajan to Plin. Ep. 10. 28 cum ad prisliiium actum re- versus fuerit; Marcianus Dig. 39. 4. 16 init. aclum domini gessisse (= business), and so elsewhere in the Dig.; Vopisc. Carus 6 (Probus) pJures . . . in actibtis conlocatos ; C. I. L. 6. 17 5 9 aclu publico versa I us (in public life) Rome, 389 a. d.
Aciia = aqua : C. I. L. 6. 590 (Rome).
Acuarius = aquarius: I. R. N. 5381 (Corfinium).
Acuivis, nomen masc. : C. I. L. 6. 3148 (Rome).
Aciila, dim. of aqua, a rivulet, Cic. De Orat. i. 28.
Aeuleia, nomen f : C. I. L. 2. 589 (Emerita in Lusitania).
Aeulenus, nomen m., I. R. N, 6x12 (Pinna Vestinorum).
Aeume, n. p. f. = Greek Acfne, found in three or four inscrip- tions: see Ritschl Opusc. Phil. 2. p. 505.
Acumen, in the sense of the point of a weapon. The lexx. quote Cic. N. D. 2. 9 ; Div. 2. 77 ; add Serv A.. 7. 730 eminenlibus hinc el inde acu?ni?iibus.
Acumis, cogn. f., dat. Aeumini . C. I. L. i. 1 2 19 (near Telesia); 5. 6096 (Milan); 2686 (Este).
Acuo : aculus, used of colour ; strong, as opp. to faint {/auguens); Serv. A. II. 69 ' languefitis hyacinthi' . . . aul quia non est aculi coloris. {Aquilur, i.e. acuilur, Fasti Philocali, C. I. L. p. 358 col. i.)
Acupedium — Adagio. 33
Acupedium, swift-footcdness : Gloss. Cyrill. d^vTrobin, acupedium (Ronsch S. B. p. 6).
Acupedius, swift-footed : Paul. p. 9 I\I ' acupediiis ' diccbaliir ciii praecipuiim erat in currendo acumen pedum ; Placidus p. n D ' acu- pcdum ' velocitaie pedum agmijie (so the liber glossarum) ; according to the other ]\ISS. '■ acupcdum'' velocitate pedum. (Read perhaps ' acufedius ' a pedum acumifie ; ' acupedium ' velocitas pedum.)
Aeupictus, embroidered with the needle : Ti. Donatus on A. 1 1 777 huiusmodi vesles acupictae dicuntur; Isid. Or. 19. 22. 22.
Acus, -us, f. 1. The point of a fibula or clasp : Plin. 26. 5 ;
Treb. Poll. Claud. 14. 5 fibulam auream cum acu cuprea. 2.
Acus comatoria, a pin for holding the hair: Petron. 21 ; see Quint. 2. 5. 12 inustas comas acu comere ; Mart. 2. 66. 2; luv. 2. 93 and elsewhere. 3. A sharp piece of wood used for putting in plants :
Pallad. I. 43. 2 acus per quas in pastinis sarmenta merguntur.
Acusius and Aeusia, nomina: Cic. Att. 11. 23. 2; I. R. N. 6196 (Interamna); Acusenius, nomen : C. I. L. 6. 1058, i. 34 (Rome, 205 A. D.).
Aciitela, a sharpening: Prise, i. p. 120 K mentioned as deriva- tive of acutus.
Acutiangiiluin = o^uycowoi', a figure with acute angles : Boeth. Euclid. I. 5 oxygoniut?!, id est acutiangulum.
Acuvia, nomen f . : I. R. N. 837 (Vcnusia).
Ad, prep. 1. The form adl^ the most usual, but at is found
very often in inscriptions from the first century .v. d. onwards : e.g. C. I. L. I. 1252 (Pompeii) usque at iegulas: 4. 1880, 2013 (^OYC\Y)t\\) at quem,at portam; 6. 142. 1463 (Rome, 70 a. d.) ; 1877 (Rome, 73 A.D.) ; 2. 4154 (Barcino in Tarraconensis, c. 170 a. d.) ; 6. 2104. 14 (Rome, 218 a. d.). A great quantity of other instances from inscriptions and ^NISS. of Plaut., Ter., Cic. and Verg. is given by Neue, Lat. Form. 2 (2). pp. 704-705. 2. The compound
adverbs adeo, eoad, adquo, quoad seem to show that there was once a time when ad governed the dative, as it actually does in later Latin : Itala Luc. 2. 52 (see Ronsch L V. p. 442). 3. Ad ali-
quid^=-Kj)6i Ti, relative: Quint, i. 6. 13 (perhaps from Pliny); Charis. p. 1 58 K sunt pronomina ad aliquid, tit ' meus,' ' tuus ' ; Cledon. p. 51 K indcfitiitum est ad aliquid, quo ostendo me aliquid possidere quod ctipio (as 'cuius' 'cuia').
Adagio, -onis, a proverb : Gloss. Philox. adagio, napoifila ; Cyrill. TTiipoifjiM, adagio; Val. Soranus ap. Varr. L. L. 7. 31 ' vetus
D
34 Adamatorius — Addensator.
adagio esl' . . . Adagio (Varro continues) est litter a commutala ' ambagio ' (so Turnebus for abagio), dicta ab eo quod ambit or atiotiem. tuque in aliqua una re consistit sola; Auson. Praef. Monosyllabarum (p. 158 Peiper) ut quod per adagionem coepimus proverbio fuiiamus \ Glossae Nominum p. 6. L adagio prima {=■ ■naponxia) \ Placidus p. 8 D ' adagione' proverbio ; Gloss. Or. Lat. ap. Lowe P. G. p. 217 ■napoiyida proverbium adagio ambitio (read ambagio or ambigio). The form adagium is given in the MSS. of Gell. Pr. i. 19 and Censorinus D. N. 3. 7 ; Paul. p. 12 has adagia ad agejidion apta, but this may well be a corruption for adagio. (The form adagio is undoubtedly the original one. Two possibilities are open as to the etymology; either the word was a translation of the Greek irapoiixia, and was thus formed from ad and ago, or, which seems more probable, adagio is a Latin word from ad and ac- or ag-, to say, a base which occurs in ac-samenta and ind-ig-it-amenta, and probably also in a-i-o. The note in Paulus points to an old theory that the word was connected with ago, but this may have been based on a misunderstanding.)
Adamatorius, adamator, = puellarum at/iator, Glossae Nom. p. 6. 7 Lowe.
Adaquo, -as, to water. 1. To sprinkle with water, of
plants: Plin. 17. 63; Pallad. 3. 33. 2. Of cattle, to water:
Gloss. Philox. adaquat, Trori^ei ; Suet. Galba 7 ubi (iumentum) adaquari solebat (perhaps in middle sense) ; Cypr, Ep. 63. 8. 3. To get water: Caes. C. i. 66 adaquandi causa . . . processerant. (The lexx, assume a deponent form adaquor, of which I can find no evidence.)
Adasia, explained by Paul, p. 1 2 as = ovis vetula recentis partus : so also glosses quoted by L5we P. G. p. 100 note.
Adaugmen, an increase, restored by Lachmann to Lucr. 6. 614 guttai vix instar erunt unius adaugmen.
Addecet. 1. It becomes as well : Plant. Pers. 220 R Decet
vie. Me quidem item addecet (it becomes me too). 2. It is
most becoming to: Plant. Trin. 78 al.; Enn. Trag. 338.
Addensatio, swift-footedness : Gloss. Cyrill. u^v-nnhla, acupedium, addensatio. (Ronsch S. B. p. 6.)
Addensator, a swift runner: Gloss. Philox. addensa/or, o^i-ttt]- Stjtijs (emend. Ronsch S. B. p. 6) ; Gloss. Nominum p. 6 Lowe addensator acuius ifi ambulando.
Addictio — Adductus. S5
Addictio. 1. A making over or assignment on the part
of the praetor : Cic. Verr. Act. Pr. 1 2 honoriim possessionumqtie ad- dictio atque condotialio ; Lex. Mamil. De Limit. (Grom. Lat. p. 265 L) datio addictio iudicis esto; Gains 3. 189: Dig. 18. 2. i. 2.
met., slavery : Ps. Cypr. de Sing. Cler. 39.
Additio. 1. Addition: Varro L. L. 5. i. 6 liltcrantm
demptione aid additione; Prise. 2. p. 25 K additio syllahae. 2.
Concrete, a thing added, Prise. 2. p. 28 K additio viagis piitatur ^ que! (Not in Quint. 9. 3. 28, where it has been inserted by conjecture.)
Additivus, = fniTayfiaTLKoi, technical term in Grammar of a pro- noun which is frequently attached to other pronouns or to substan- tives, as ipse, in ego ipse, rex ipse; Prise. 2. p. 179 K 'ipse' additi- vum vel appositivujji dicitur, quod Apollonius tTrirayfiaTiKop fwmi/iat.
Addo. The part. pass, addttus was used in old Latin in the sense of closely attached to, cHnging to, of an enemy dogging one's footsteps : Verg. A. 6. 90 nee Tcucris addita Iwio Usquam aberit; where Servius says 'addita,' inifnica: est autem verhum Lucilii et afitiquorum, ut Plautus (Aul. 556 R) Argus . . . quern quondafn loni luno custodem addidit. The passage from Lucilius (14. 21 M) is given in full by Macrob. S. 6. 4. 2 si inihi non praetor siel additus atque agitet 7Jie.
Addubitatio, translation of the Greek dnoprja-n or BianopTjais, a rhetorical figure, hesitation or expression of doubt : Macrob. S. 4. 6. II addubitatio, quam Graeci dnoprja-iv vocant; Script. Schem. Dian. 32 (Halm R. L. M. p. 75) bianopr^dis, addubitatio; al. Rhet.
Adducibilis, translation of the Greek etVa-ywyi/ior, imported : ancient translation of Arist. Rhet. i. 4. 11 (Paucker).
Adductor, tr. of the Greek npoa-ayutyfCs, one who brings or in- troduces: Int. Iren. i. 13. 6 te viae duce et adductor e utentcs (o5>?7w irot Kai Trpoo-aywyft xpi>pivoi) ; in bad sense, Anlh. Lat. 127. 2 (Riesc) adductor coniugis esse tuae.
Adductorium, a movable curtain : S. S. Vers. Ant. Kxod. 26. 36 ap. Augustin. Quaest. in Hept. 2. 177. 8 et fades adductorium de hyacintho, etc. (For the explanation see Hauer, Archiv 4. i. p. 141-2.)
Adductus, part. pass. o{ adduco used as adj. Literally : 1.
Drawn up: lul. Cap. Verus 10. 6 /route in superciiia adduciiore. 2. Contracted: Quint. 10. 3. i^/rontis tarn adductae; Suet. Tib. 68 adducto vultu. IMet. 1. Strict, close : Tac. A. 12. "j adductu/>i it
D 2
2fi Adelphasium — Adhibdo.
qimsi virile servilium ; H. 3. 7 adJuctius qiiain civil i hello imperilahat; G. 44 Goiones regnanlur, paulo iam adJuctius quam ceterae Gennano- rum genies. 2. Forcible: Auson. Grat. Act. 14. 64 (p. 369
Peiper) nemo adductius spicula conlorsit. 3. Reserved : Tac.
A. 14. 4 viodo fainiliaritale iuve7iili Nero, el rursus adductus. 4.
Of st3'lej close, terse : Plin. Ep. i. 16. 5 pressior el circjimscriplior el adducUor.
Adelphasium, n. p., of woman : Plaut. Poen.
Adeo (verb) : perfect usually adii, but adivi Apul. ls\. 8. i ; Auson. Epist. 5. 48 (p. 228 Peiper); adivisti Med. in Cic. Fam. 6. 2. 2. Adt = adii, Val. Fl. 5. 502 ; adisli-=^adiisli, Plaut., Cic, Verg., Stat. Adil=adiil, Mon. Anc. 5. 16, and poets of the first cent, a.d., also Tac. A. 15. 5; in subj. adieril is common; adissem, adisses, adissemus, adissenl, are found in Cic, Liv., Stat., Mart. Adiesel, adiesenl, old forms of past subj., C. I. L. i. 196 (S. C. De Bacana- libus) ; adiese of perf. infin. ib. 3rd pers. sing. pres. indie adll, Plaut. Cas. prol. 41; imper. adl, Plaut. Mil. 1032 Rib.; pres. inf. pass. adirier, Enn. Tr. 407'. According to Verrius Flaccus (Paul. p. 19 M) the verb adeo was to be distinguished from the adv. by the accent, the verb being pronounced adeo, the adv. ade'o. But it is very doubtful whether a rule of this kind was more than a scholar's invention.
Adeps : adipes no7i alipcs, Probus App. p. 199 K, yrobably the Greek aXucpap abbreviated under the influence of the accent ; the fat of non-ruminating animals, opp. to sebum; Plin. 11. 212 cornigera una park dentala el quae in pedibus lalos hahenl sebo pin- guescunl, bisulca scissisve in digilos pedibus el non cornigera adipe. Concrelus hie, el cum refrixil, fragilis, semperque i7i fi7ie ca7-7iis. Co7ilra pi7igue inler carne/n cule77ique suco liquidum . . . Adeps cimclis sijie sensu, quia 7iec arlerias habel 7iec venas.
Adhabito, to live near : Gloss. Cyrill. 7rpo(ToiKco, adhabilo, accolo.
Adhlbeo. 1. To call in, bring in (for advice, assistance,
or the like) : abs., with ad, in and ace, and dat. (a) Plaut.
Persa 596 R a7/iicu>n adhibere ubi quid geras ; Ter. Ph. 714 adhibere lesles ; so Varro L. L. 6. 81 ; Cic. Att. 2. 4. 7 adhibeas Velliu7n ; N. D. 2. 69 adhibelur ad parlus Dia?ia ; so often in Cic, who constantly uses the word with ace in apposition, adhibere aliquein arbilru77i, lesletn, adiulore77i, palromwi, etc.; Caes. G. i. 20 fralre7)i adhibel; \. \o ad id co7isiliu77i adhibilis cenlurio7iibus ; 7. 83 locorum perilos adhilcnl; Sail. I. 113. 3; Verg. A. 8. 56 adhibe socios caslris ; so
AdMbeo. 37
Liv. I. 7. 12 ; Vitruv. 9. 3. 18, and other Avriters often. (b) With abstract subst., equivalent to a person, Cell. 19. 5. 3 adhihebat nobis muiori/aks nobilium nudicorum. (c) Of things, Caes. C. 2. 8 ad- hibita solleriia (with the aid of) ; Tac. A. 14. 4 tit occnUandofacinori nox adhiberetur. 2. Of hospitality. (a) To invite : Nep.
Praef. 7. adh. in convivium ; Verg. A. 5. 62 adh. epulis; Quint. 11.
2. 12 ceuae\ Tac. H. 2. 68 ad epulas. (b) To entertain: Cic. Q. F. I. I. 5 qims ego universos adhibzii libcraliier ', Verr. 5. 70 ui i's victu ceterisque rebus quam liberalissime coimnodissiiiuqiu adhibe- retw. (c) Met, to treat: Cic. Att. 10. 12. 3 Quintum filium severius adhibfbo. 3. To bring in, call in something addi- tional: ]\letellus Macedonicus (Meyer Or. R. Fragm. p. 161) di vnmortaks viriukjii adprobare, non adhibere debent (to approve merit alreadj' existing, not to give an additional supply); Lucr. 5. 229 nee cuiqtiam adhibcnda est Alinae nuiricis blanda atque infracta loquella; Varro R. R. 2. r. 4 lacte adhibilum ad eibwn; Lucr. i. 778 primordia gigmauiis in rebus oportet Natiiram clandestinam caecamqiu adJnba'e; Cic. Fin. 3. 19 quasi prima ek??ienta naturae, qiiibus ubertas orationis adhiberi vix poles/; Tusc. 5. 99 ad pmiem adhiberi quicquam ; Quint. 5. 13. 5 illae . . . apud Caesarem . . . actioiies, eiiamsi precibus ziiunlur, adhibent ei patrocinia; Tac. A. 14. 53 ^S'^ ^"'^ aliud munificentiae iuae adhibere potui quam sludia . . . 171 umbra ^ditcaia ? (which Nipperdey takes as = add to, contribute in addition to). 4. To bring to, put to, put on : Ov. I\I. 9. 216 genibus manus; Fast. 3. 293 vincula capto; Gell. 15. 17 tibias ciim ad OS adhibuisset. 5. To employ, use, apply, abs., with dat., and with ad. (a) Sacra ap. Varr. L. L. 7. 84 ne quid scor- teum adhibeatur; Plaut. Poen, 131 7 R adhibere tympanum) Varro L. L. 6. 18 (of a religious rite) e caprifico adhibent virgam; 5. 6r {aqua d ignis) in nupliis adhibenJur ; Lucr. 3. 1019 at ?nens sib/ conscia faelis Praemetuens adhibet stimidos terretqtie JJagellis ; Cic. Dom. 36 v£ qua calumnia . . . fratis . . . do/us adhibeatur; Sest. 135 medieinam adhiberetis rei publicae : cum sanae parti corporis scal-
pellum adhibetur; Phil, 11. 6 supplicii adhibendi ; Agr. 2. 47 adhi- bcant }?ianus vectigalibus vestris : w'ith vim often in Cic. ; ^^erg. G.
3. 455 medicas adhibere inanus ad vtdnera; Quint, r. 10. 20 epulis fides ac tibias adhibere, and often elsewhere in Quint., who has
e. g. adhibere actionibus pdus cultus, modum rei, probationes causae, musicam rationrm saltation/, and often abs. (b) Of an action
or proceeding : Cic. Fam. 4. 3. 3 consolationem adh.; N. D. i. 113 adhibetur tilillatio sensibus; Phil. 14. 34 utiiiam . . . aliqua talis eis
38 Adhortativiis — Adiecticius.
adhiberi posset oratio qua depotwrent macrorem; Mur. 74 deleniendis ammis el adhihcndis vohiptalihus; N. D. i. 3 dis ailhts, honores, preces; ib. 112 odores ad Deos, so very often in Quint., e.g. i. 10. 32 illiquae adhibetur iiifa7itibiis adlectationi. So commonly in Latin. 6. Of conduct, feeling, and the like, to bring to bear on a thing, to exhibit : Plaut. Men. 983 R id si adhiheain (that conduct) ; Caecil. 247 si cotifidimliam adhihcs ; Plaut. Most. 227 L adhibel parsimoniam ; Rud. iQ^'^ Jidejn ; Ace. 510 adhibeant /avetiiiafJi ; Cic. Fam. 4. 6. i adhibtiisii dolorem animi\ Fam. 5. 6. i adhibui diligcnliam ; Fam. 13. 6 adhibit officiutn erga illos; Q. F. 3. 8. 3 virtute et gravitate Caesar is, quani iti sutunio dolor e adhibuissel ; so Caes. G. 3. 20 diligentiam ; C. i. 37 adhibila celeritale; elsewhere he hsiS, adhibere crudelilalem, diligentiani, geftus praedandi, labor em, misericordiam, modum, sapientiam, and so other good writers; Nep. Epam. 7. 2 nullam adhibuit ?nemoria??i contiwieliae ; Liv. 4. 44. e^ plus artis quam fidei. Se adhibere = to behave oneself (npoacpepeadai), Cic. Q. F. i I. 22. 7. To turn towards, lend, apply, of the eyes, ears,
mind, and the like : Plaut. Stich. 103 R vostrum aiiimum adhiberi volo ; Cas. 2. 8. 39 aiires sunt adhibendae mihi ; Lucil. 29. 116 animos attendere dictis Atque adhibere ; Lucr. i. 51 auris animuynque sagaceJH . . . adhibe veram ad ratio7ie7Ji ; Cic. Har. Resp. 20 adhibete animos et mentes vestras, non solum aiires ; Arch. 5 quorum alter res ad scribendum f?iaximas, alter cum res gestas tum etiam studium atque azires adhibere posset; Ov. Am. 2. i. 37 adhibete ad carmina vultus. 8. Adhibere fidem alicui, to give credence to; Papin.
Dig. 17. I. 1 placitis ; Ulp. ib. 48. 18. i quaestioni ; Auson. Epist. 16 i\). 228 Peiper) si qua fides falsis tmquam est adhibenda poetis.
Adhortativus modus, a tenth mood, the hortative, added by some grammarians to the list of moods, Diom. p. 338 K.
Adhortatorius, adv. adhortatorie, in the tone of advice ; Alcim. Ep. 1 6 adhortatorie potius quam aspere.
Adicio : the first syllable is long in Verg. A. 8. 304 ; Ov. A. A. 3. 7 ; short in Stat. Theb. 7. 4 ; Mart. 4. 54. 9, 10. 82. i.
Adieetamentum, an addition, appendage ; Charis. p. 1 60 K (conj. Fabricius for obiectamentci); lavolenus Dig. 50. 16. 242.
Adiecticius, 1. Additional: Cassiod. Var. 11. 8. 2.
In Grammar, adjectival: Charis. Exc. p. 533 K, where the word is applied to substantives like /rugi, used as epithets, as distin- guished from adjectives proper like magnus, which are there called consequentes.
Adiectio — Adinventio. 39
Adiectio, -onis. 1. An ackiition : Liv. i. 30. 6 rem Ro-
iihinam adicctione popnli Alhani aucfatn; Vitruv. 3. 5. 7 suae par/is adiectionem ; ib. 10 praef. 2, of additional expense : adiec/ione dimtdia (lilt ampliore ; 6. 2. 4 delracliones ant adiecHones ; in Vitruv. often in pi. opp. to delracliones ; Sen. Ep. 109. 9 calor non adiuvalur adieclione calon's ; Quint, i. 5. 14 opp. to delraclio; Tac. H. i. 78 Hispa- liensibus el Eyiicritensihus familiaruin adieclioties (enrolment of new families); Suet. Tib. 26 imius bigae adi.; often in Scaurus De Onh,; Symmach. E])ist. 6. 9 decern pedum adiectio (additional space). 2. In Rhet., the addition or repetition of a word: Quint. 9. 3. 28 quod fit adieclione ; plitra sunt genera : he proceeds to give a number of different instances. 3. The addition of a state-
ment : Quint. 7. 9. 9 ; 8. 4. 6 al. In Quint, always opp. to de- lraclio. 4. In medicine, strengthening treatment: Vitruv. i. 6. 3 pi. opp. to delracliones. 5. In architecture. (a) The swelling in the middle of a column: Vitruv. 3. 2. 13 adiectio quae (vraais vacatur, quae adicitur in mediis columnis. (b) A rising form given to the pedestals of columns by means of small steps : \'itruv. 3. 3. 5 slylobalam ita oportet exaequari uti habeat per me- dium adiectionem per scamillos impares. 6. In business, an additional offer of money: Liv. 38. 14. 14 inliberali adieclione: an additional bid, Dig. 50. i. 21. 7 al. 7. In grammar, an ad- jective : Charis. p. 1 56 K a quibusda?n adiecliones vocantur, ul mag- nus vir,/orlis exercitus: Prob. Inst. p. 120 K, al. Gramm.
Adiectivus, -a, -um, that can be added, esp, in Grammar, what can be added to the noun subst., adjectival = Gk. eVt'-froy : Prise. 2 p. 146 K adieclivae posiliones . . . ul equo ' a! bus ' re! '■ for lis ' ; ib. I. p. 58 K adiecliva ; Macrob. S. i. 4. 9 7// . . . non positivum sit sed adieclivum (not a substantive, but an adjective).
Adingerere, corrupt reading in Schol. luv. 4. 2 ita ul Sesenus (Popmaconj. ^Vi'tv/;/;/, Achainlre Serenus) libra II ait, non dignus in quem debeam saturam calentem adingerere {adcingere now Biicheler).
Adinspiratio, inspiration: Int. Iren. 2. 31. 3 adinspiralione apostatica . . . per omnia repleti.
Adintellego, to understand besides : Mar. Vict. adv. Arium I. 42 quasi aliud adinlellegilur, el nan perfecle aliud ; ib. 4. 23.
Adinventio, an invention, device: INIodestin. Dig. 27. i. 6. 3 neque senlentia senatus neque alia qua adinvenlione; Paulin. Nol. Ep. 43 (50). § 12. In a bad sense, Vulg. Ps. 98. 8, and often elsewhere in Vulg.
40 Adinvestigo — Adiunctus.
Adinvestigo -as, to investigate in addition : Booth. FaicI. Geom. 2 tali ratione adinvestigetur ; ib. quorum si medimn adinvesiigavcro, riginti o to fitmt.
Adidcor, -aris, to joke or play with : Petr. Chrysol. Serm. 152 gladio adiocahalur infaiitultts.
Adipatarlus, a seller of rich or fatty things 'adipald), Gloss, ap. I.owe G. N. p. 163.
Adipiscor. 1. The original and proper meaning of this
word is to overtake: Plant. Epid. 15 R the MSS. including A give rix adipiscendi potestas fuit \ Bothe conj. apiscendi; Ter. And. 332 miptias effugere ego istas inalo quam tu adipiscier; Lucr. 5. 634 tayito magis omnia signa Hanc adipisanitiir ; 2. 637 7ie Saturims cum maJis mmiderd adeptus (t atch him up and devour him) ; Liv. 31. 43. I adeptus Dardanos ; 44. 28. \^ fiigientes G alios adept i. Met., to attain to: Cic. Rose. Am. 131 nisi hoc ??iirum est, quod vis divina adsequi non possit, si id mens huniana adepta non sit; Balb. 54 ati quod adipisci poterant dice72do, id eis pugjiando adsequi non licebat? (The other meanings are fully illustrated in the lexx.). 2. The part. pass, adeptus is used passively by Sallust C. 7. 3 ; I. loi. 9; Ov. Trist. 4. 8. 19; Tac. A. i. 7 ; Suet. Tib. 38 ; Neue L. F. 2. p. 273 quotes instances also from Gratius, Val. I\Iax., and other authors. Cic. and other writers use the part, adipiscendus as if from adipisco, but the finite verb is not found passively in good Latin: in Plaut. Trin. 368 R and Fannius ap. Prise, i. p. 380 K apiscitur, not adipiscitur, is the true reading. Ps. Cypr. De Laude INlartyrii 2 has per quae adipisci lux potest.
Adiunctieius, adopted, taken in : Gloss, ap. Lowe G. N. p. 163 proselytus adiunctieius.
Aditinctio, as 1. 1. in Grammar and Rhetoric, the figure of join- ing with one noun or verb different numbers, or genders, or persons ; = the Greek ^ivy\ia, eirlCev^is, or emCevyixevov : Prise. 2. p. 183 K. This is apparently its meaning in Cic. de Or. 3. 206, where Sorof quotes as an instance Cic. Cat. i. 22 neque enim is es, Catihna, ut te aid pudor imqiiam a turpitudine aut ?netus a periculo aut ratio a furore reiwcaverit.
Adiunctus, part. pass, of adiungo, connected with, akin to. 1. Cic. Cluent. 30 quae propiora huiusce causae et adiunctiora sunt; Inv. 2. 41 deinde videndum est quid adiunctum sit negotio, hoc est, quid maius, quid mifttis, quid aeque magnum sit, quid simile. (In Arnob. 7. 39 Reifferscheid reads ad iustissimam, not adiunctissimam
Adiutorium — Admentum. 4 1
quaesliof2e?ii.) 2. Ncut. adiiinctum as subst. (a) A cha-
racteristic quality of a thing or an action. Cic. Lcgg. 2. 54 (si 1. c.) hosiia autem maxima parejiiare pielatis adiuncium ptdabani \ Hor. A. P. 178 semper in adiutic/is aevoque morahimur apiis. (b) Distin- guished from the inseparable or essential circumstances of a pro- ceeding by Cic. Top. 53 consequentiian locus ah adiunctis huge diversus est. Nam adiiincia mm semper eveniunt, conseqiientia aiitcm semper. (e) In logic, however, sometimes used as = a necessary consequence : Gell. 16. 8. 9 sed quod Graeci avvrj^fievov d^lcdfxa dicunl. alii 7iostru7n adiimchim, alii cone xum dixerimt. Id concxton I ale est: Si Plato ambulai, Plato vioi'etur. So Quint. 5. 10. 74 ex conse- qiientibus sire adiunctis.
Adiutdrium, an aid, assistance: Cic. ap. Col. 12. Praef. i lit . . . adiuloria senectutis, nee minus propugnaciila praepararentur ; Asin. Poll. ap. Suet. Gramm, 10 in eam rem adiutorium ei fecit jnaxime Aieius Praetexlatus ; Veil. 2. 112. 4 magnam Thracum manum . . . ?« adiutoriurn eius rei secum trahebat; Val. ]\Iax. 2. 7. ext. I deorum immortaliuin adiutorio; A scon. Arg. in Scaur, neque Pompeius propcnsum adiutorium praebebat \ Sen. Ep. 31. 5; Ir. i. 5. 2 : Quint. 3. 9. 4 al.
Adiutus, -us, [adiuvo), aid, assistance : INIacrob. S. 7. 7. 5 unius adiutu; I tin. Alex. 58 adiutu nociis uti ; lul. ap. Augustin. c. sec. resp. lul. 6. 40 spontaiieae in nobis iniquitatis adiutu.
Adiuvamentum, -i, {adiuro): Isid. De cccl. off. i. 18. 13 etiamsi nulla sunt adiuvamenta mortuorum.
Adiuvatio, -onis, (adiuvo), aid, help: Diomed. p. 391 K.
Admatertera, the sister of an atavus : Isid. Or. 9. 6. 28.
Admembratio, additional mention: Augustin. Ep. 59. i.
Admentum or ammentum (not amentu??i), a thong or strap. The glossaries give the forms admentum and ammentum ; Gloss. Philox. armentum, a\nia rcov u/cowtwi/ ; in Verg. A. 9. 665 the Romanus has armcnta (in both cases no doubt for adm-) ; admentis the Do- naueschingen MS. of Orosius 5. 15. 16; ammentis the Laurentian. Ag?uenta is given by D, augmenta by E in Oros. 6. 11. 3. Verrius Flaccus probably knew tiic spellings admentum and ammentum, for Paulus p. 1 2 M says ' amenta ' quibus ut mitti possint vinciuutur iacula, sive solearum I or a : e.x Graeco quod est afifj-ara sic appdlata, 7'el quia aptantes ca ad mcutujn trahant. The Greek etymology would justify ammentum, the Latin admentum. As the word occurs in Paulus just before adtcgrare, ad tutum, a.'testate, and adtubcrnalis.
4'i Admeo — Administro.
the gloss should perhaps be headed ar/mcn/um. (Augmen/a for (i(/m- is also found in Gloss, ap. Mai C. A. 6. p. 50;'^.)
Admeo, -as, to come to : Paulin. Nol. Poem. 17. 119 hw/a lascivo prociil achncaliaul Monslra nalatii.
Adminiculatio, external support : Boeth. ad Cic. Top. 5, p. 368, Orelli.
Adminiculum, to be derived not from ad maniwi, but from a lost ad-!in?ieo, to rise or project towards: comp. im-mineo^ pro- mineo.
Administro, -as. 1. To act as attendant or assistant :
sometimes with dat. of person, Plaut. Stich. 397 R vin administrevi ? Sat servoriim habeo domi; ib. Epid. 418 R adminislrani ad rem di- vinam iibi ; Sail. I. 92. 9 {inilites polcrani) . . . neqt<e inter vincas sine periciilo admitiistrare (do their duty); Caes. G. 3. 23 (7 qiiibus cum paulo tardius esset adminislratum ; 31 ann siwuno studio a militibiis administraretur ; Vitruv. i. 5. 4 j;' celeritcr adminislraverint (if the soldiers are quick about their business) ; ib. 7. 10. 3 ita fieccssitali- hus crit adtninistrandinn ne . . . res retineatiir (wait upon necessity) ; 6. II. 3 itern administrandum est uti, etc. ; Spartian. Carac. 3 liberti qui Getae adtninistr aver ant. (b) Of a public functionary, to
govern: Spart. Pesc. Nig. 7. 3. 5 admifiistrare in urbe, provincia. 2. With ace. (a) I'o attend to, execute, perform a thing: Plaut. Merc. 388 R eo ego ut quae mandaia mihi sunt administrem ; Ter. Ad. 764 munus administrasti tiiom ; Varro R. R. i. 69. 3 ; r. 17. 2 administra7it faejiisicia: ib. INTanius 4 quod duin adtninis- trant ; L. L. 6. 78 qui quid adtni?tistrat, cuius opus non extat quod sub sensum veniat ; Cic. Att. 12. 18. 3 domes tica or dine administrari.
(b) Of handing food: Varro R. R. 3. 5. 11 administratur quibus cibus per reteni; 3. 16. 5 adininistrare mel ad principia convivii.
(c) Of supplying anything: Script. Bell. Af 74 se res complures, quae utiles bello sint, administraturos ; Vulg. 2 Cor. 9. 10 qui autem administrat semen seminanti. 3. In general, to do, act, con- duct a proceeding : Corn. Her. 4. 22 cum haec omnia dicer es, facer es, administrares ; ib. 27 /;/ proelio paler mortem oppetebat, domi filius nuptias comparabat ; haec omnia graves casus administrabajit (^); Cic. Inv. I. 2 pleraque viribus adiimiistrahant; Metellus Nepos to Cic. (Fam. 5. 1.2) quae quoniam nee ratio7ienec . . . c/e?uentia admini- strastis. 4. To manage, conduct, superintend, govern, direct, administer: very common in all good Latin: C. Gracchus (Meyer xxxiv. 10) ad?n. rem publicam ; Plancus ap. Cic. Fam. 10. 21. i adm.
Admiratio — Admissio. 43
bellum; Cic. N. D. i. 4 adniiiiistrari ojiinem mwidum rafione ; and very often in Cic, who has bellum, civitakm, indicium, Irgcs ct in- dicia, provinciam, rem pnblicam, summam rerum, urbem, administrare ; Verr. 3. 104 annum (i.e. a year of office): the like in Sail, and Caes. Caes. G. 2. 22 ncque ab uno omnia imperia adminislrari poterant (all the duties of a general.'); C. 3. 14 7iavis . . . sine militibus privatoque consilio adminisfrabatur ; 2. 15 ea quae sunt amissa administrare ac reficere (to take in hand .'') ; Script. Bell. Hisp. 36 caedem adm. ; so ib. 39, to commence a massacre; Nop. Dion, I. 4 legationes illustriores per Dionem administrabatitur ; Quint, has adm. patrimonium, rem publicam ; Tac. provinciam, negotia, bellum, proelia; C. I. L. 2. 4248 ob administratam fideliter curam tabular i censualis,
Admiratio. 1. An open expression of surprise or wonder. Followed by a verbal clause, Cic. Att. i. 17. 1 Jit admiratio quidnam accidisset; Script. Bell. Alex. 6 admirationem praebebat quatn ob rem id accidissct; Cic. Verr. 5. 106 Jit clamor et admiratio populi tantavi esse in homine impudcniiam. Abs., Cic. De Or. 2. 254 hoc adnii' rationem magis quam risiim movet; Verr. 4. 27 risus populi atque admiratio omnium vestrum/acta est. In plur., expressions of admi- ration : Cic. Fin. 6. 53 quoticns hoc agitur, ecquandone nisi admi- rationibus maximis; De Or. i. 152 haec sunt quae clamor es et admirationes in bonis orator ibus efficiunt; Brut. 290 crebrae adscn- siones, multae admirationes; Part. Or. 32 suavis nar ratio est quae habet admirationes, expectationes, etc. 2. The other meaning,
surprise, wonder, astonishment, e. g. Cic. I\Iur. 68, 69 quid habet admirationis . . . prodisse multos ? quid habet isla mullitudo adnii- rationis (what is there in it to wonder at .') is fully illustrated in the lexx.
Adinix'ativus, expressive of wonder : Isid. Rhet. 21.15 ^^dmira- tivae sententiae (Halm R. L. M. p. 519-20).
Admissio, in the special sense of an audience given by the emperor, who divided his friends into classes primae et secundae adm is s ion is : C. I. h. 6. 2138 (Rome, 30 a. d.) vir ex prima admis- sione, i. e. a friend who had a claim to a first audience; Plin. 33. 41 quibus admissionis libcrae ins dedissent ; Plin. Pan. 47 admissio- ■ niim tuarum facililalem (the audiences which you grant) ; Sen. Clem. I. 10 totam cohortem primae admissionis; ib. Ben. 6. 33 qui in primas et secundas admissioncs digeruntur. Iloncc magisttr admissionis was the functionary who superintended the admission to
44 Admodum.
audience: Vopisc. Aurelian. 12. 4: comp. Suet. Vesp. 14 qiiidam ex officio admissiomnn : ab adnn'sstone, the title of attendants of this class: C.I, L. 3. 6107, al. Inscr. ; Amm. 15. 5. 18 mentions a^w/.r- sinnuin niagis/nim; 22. 7. 2 admissionum proximum.
Admddum : adv., ad modtmi ; properly to the measure or limit. > 1. (a) Cato R. R. 156. 2 pauUsper demiltito usque ad modiim dmn
qninquies quinque mimercs. (b) Sufficiently; to the due limit: Plaut. Epid. 104 R ad vioditm meorum jnacrorum alqiic a?iiorum siimmam edictavi libi\ Liv. i. 10. i admodum viitigati animi rap/ is erant. (c) With numbers, to the amount of, (literally) to the NP measure : Caes. G. 5. 40 nociu turres admodum cxx excitantur ;
Liv. 27. 30. 2 milk admodum hostium ; so ib. 42. 65. 3 ; lustin. 17. 2. "^f post menses admodum septem; Curt. 4. 12. 6 equiles mille admo- dum. Omnes admodum, quite all, Salv. Gub. Dei Praef. omnes ad- modum homines; so ib. 6. § 3 ovuics ad?nodtan, aul eerie . . . paene omnes ; and ib. elsewhere. 2. (a) With words signifying
time ( — to the exact measure), as long as, as much as, no more than; Liv. 43. 11. 9 exacto admodum mense Februario ; Liv. Epit. 52 Alexandri filio bimulo admodum; ib. 55 Alexandri filius . . . deeem annos admodum hahens (only). (b) So Plaut. Trin. 366 admodum adulescentulus, quite a youth ; Cic. Rab. Perd. 2 1 and tXsewhcrQ, adfnodum adulescens; Liv. 31. 28. e^ puerum admodum; so Quint., Tac. and others. Semper admodum, quite always : Salv. G. D. 3. § 33rS. § 62. 3. With words expressing negation,
jiullus, nihil, and the like = absolutely, merely : Plaut. Merc. 399 R 7iihilu?}i quicquam faeere poterit admodum ; Cic. Brut. 35 cui nihil ad- 7nodu?n desil ; 2 10 Ulterarum niiiil admodum scicbat; De Or. 2. 8 niliil admodum scripti; Liv. 23. 29. 14 equestris pugna tiulla admodum fuit; Quint. 9. 2. 44 nihil admodxwi dislat ; Gell. 19. 12. 7 quia nihil admodum super vile . . . sciret (translated from Herodes Atticus). 4. Up to due measure, so = very much, exceedingly : with verbs and adjectives and sometimes with adverbs : very common in all Latin : sometimes preceding, sometimes following its word : Plaut. Amph. 268 R astutum ad inodum, and elsewhere ; Ter. Ph. 477 ; Ad. 403 : once with adv. and est ; Heaut. 53 haec inter nos nu/er noiitia admo- dum est (so recent edd. following the MSS.) ; Lucil. 29. 19 admodum grazem ; Cic. has admodian mirabar, admodum pro/uerunt, adm. mc diligunt, etc.: adi7i.a7nplu7n,excelsum, antiquum, gratum,pauci: adm. raro, obscure; Caes. gens ad77iodu77i dedita religionibus : ne ani77iis admodwn demitterentur , etc. ; so Sail. Nep. Liv. and other good writers; Liv. 10. 41. 14 pauci ad7tiodu7n; Tac. is very fond of ad-
Admoenio — Adoleo. 45
modum paiici or pauci admodiim. 5. With com p., Salv. Gub.
I. 2 ideo in hoc saeculo dekrioreni admodum s tat urn esse vielioruvi ; ib. 5. 18 atrociores admodum quam sunt. 6. Admodum quam = ad-
modum (literally, it is up to measure, how — ) ; Plaut. Amph. 541 R admodum quam saevos est; Gell. 19. 9. 10 voce admodum qua?n suavi. 7. In replies, admodum = exactly, quite so : Plaut.
Trin. 421 ei I'lle aedis mancupio aps te accept t : Admodum ; Pseud. 115,2 ^ Macedonius ? Admodum \ Bacch. iiii R al. ; Ter. Hec. 458 advents modo ? Admodum; Cic. Legg. 3. 26 scis solsre,f rater, in huiusmodi sermonc, tit transiri alio possit, did ' admodum ' aut ' prorsus ita est.'
Admoenio, to blockade, raise a rampart against : Plaut. Pseud. 384 R /loc azitem oppidum admocnire {aimoetiire A) tit hodie capiatiir volo ; Dosith. p. 434 K admunio, irpoa-TeixiC^.
Admolior, in the sense of to attempt : Plaut. Rud. 599 R visast simia Adsccnsionem ut facer et admoliricr.
Admdnitiuncula, dim. of admoniiio, a little piece of advice : Cassian. Coll. 18. 11 ; Gildas De Exc. Brit. Praef.
Admdveo. 1. In the sense of to advance, promote :
Quint. 6 praef. 13 ad omnium spes hottorum admotus ; Curt. 6. 9. 22 pair em in idem /as tig ium . . . admovi; Tac. A. 3. 56 Tibirius Drusum stimmae rei admovit ; Suet. Tib. 1 4 quem tit sapientiae pro- fessorem contubernio admoverat \ Aug. 64 ad curam rei ptiblicae ad- movit; so Cal. 12 ad spent sticcessionis. 2. To bring on, hasten: Lucan 7. 50 leti proper attles admovet horas ; Curt. 8. 9. 33 admovcre h'ti diem.
Addlefacio, to burn : ActaFr. Arv. C. I. L. 6. 2107. 16 (224 .\.d.) adoJefactae arbores. (See Henzen Acta Fr. Arv. p. 14 1-2.)
Ad61enda, name of the goddess who presided over the burning of trees : ActaFr. Arv. C. I. L. 6. 2099. ii. 5. 2107. 12 (183, 224 A.D.) (Henzen p. 147).
I. Addleo : from ol- to grow in ol-esco, proles {pro-ol-es\ sub- ol-es, ind-ol-es. 1. To increase, make to grow : Chalcid.
Comm. Tim. 23 animalium germen adoleniium ; 220 nutriendo ado- lendo movetido. 2. To increase == to heap up, pile up : espe-
cially of heaping up offerings or piling an altar with them (see s. V. atigeo and maclo): Placid, on Stat. Theb. i. 514 adolcre accti- mulare ; Non. p. 58 adolere verbum est froprie sacra reddentium, quod sigfiificat volis vet supplicationibiis numen auctitis facer e ; Serv. A. I. 704 adohre J roprie est augere; so on E. 8. 65. In this
4^ Adoletum.
sense the word has the following usages. (a) Adolere aliqtiid,
to heap up something : thus, according to Nonius 1. c, Verg. E. 8. 65 vcrbcnasque adole pijigiies el mascula iura, quod est (says Nonius) adde, cumula; so perhaps A. 3. 547 iussos adolemus ho- iiores. (b) Adolere aliquid aliqiia re, to pile something with
something: Lucr. 4. 1237 muUo sanguine maesli Consperguni aras adokntque allaria dofiis, where Munro quotes Verg. A. 5. 54 striie- remque suis allaria dotiis, and 11. 50 cumulatqiie allaria donis. (e) In general sense, Tac. A. 14. 30 cruore caplivo adolere aras. 3. To increase, in the sense of giving honour to: again in a religious connection : Non. p. 248 adolere augere, honorare, propiliare; Serv. A. I. 704 adolere Pennies, 1. 1. colere. II. Addleo. 1. To
burn: especially of sacrifices: Ennius ap. Lact. i. 11. 63 eamque hosliam , . . lolatn adolevil ; Val. Ant. ap. Prise, i. p. 489 K eo otnnes hosliae, viluli viginli el seplem coniecli, el ila omnia adulla sunt; Verg. E. 8. 65 (perhaps: but see I. adoleo) verbenasque adole pingucs ; A. 3. 547 lutioni . . . iussos honor es (but see I. adoleo) ; Ov. INI. i. 492 utque leves slipulae densis adolenlur arislis; F. 3. 803 viscera qui tauri flammis adolenda dedissel ; Her. 15 (16). 333 adolebunl cinnama Jiammae ; ]\I. 8. 740 nullos aris adoleret honor es\ Petron. 115 adolebat rogus Lichan; Stat. Theb. i. 514 adolere foe os epulasque recentes; Tac., A. 6. 28 inque Soils aram perferre alque adolere \ Arnob. 7. 25 adoleri sacris altaribus; Gell. 17. 10. 7 ul Aeneida . . . adolerenl; Acta Fratr. Arval. C. I. L. 6. 2107. 5 (224 a.d.) adokn- darum arborum causa; Vulg. Lev. 9. 17; Num. 15. 3. 2. In general, to offer up : Arnob. 7.25 adoleri par alas cojtspexerinl nenias: impers., Paul. p. 5 allaria sunt in quibus igni adoletur. 3. Met., to kindle, excite: Ambros. Hexaem. i. 8. 31 ad. libidines; in Ps. 118. Serm. 18. § \^ ad. vaporem fidei et devotionis. III. Addleo.
To smell: Plaut. Cas. 2. 3. 20 unde hie, arnabo, unguenta adolenfi so very probably adolesco in Verg. G. 4. 379 Panchacis adolescunt ignibus arae. (The hypothesis of two separate bases for I and II seems the simplest. Servius or his authority seems to have been confused by the use of the two words in connection with religion, and therefore says on E. 8. 65 and A. i. 704 \^\2i\. adolere is used as an euphemism for to burn, meaning properly to increase. The base is apparently al-, which appears in altare. Whether III is to be derived from the same base as II is a very difficult question.)
Addletum, a place for burning victims {adoleo II) : Glossae Nom. p. 5 Lowe ' adolelum ' victimarmn bustum ; Gloss. Cyrill. b\C- K(tv(TTuv, adolitmn.
Adon — Adoreus. 47
Adon = n. p. = Adonis: Varro Testamentum i ; Martian. Cap. 2. 192 (where Adoii); Fulgent. Myth. 3. 8; Prob. Inst. p. 121 K numeri singular is hie Adon, huiiis Adotiis, hiiic Adoni, hunc Adonevi, 0 Adon, ab hoc Adonc. gen. Adotiis Plin. 19. 49 ; Apul. M. 2. 26; Arnob. 7. 33, and Serv. : dat. Adoni Serv. E. 8. 37: ace. Adonem Arnob. 4. 27; Serv. E. 8. 37, and elsewhere: abl. Adone Apul. M. 8. 25; Lact. Inst. i. 17. 9 ; Serv. E. 10. 18.
Form Adonis, gen. Adomdis, Prise, i. p. 252 K: dat. Adonidi Cic. N. D. 3. 59 : ace. Adonidem Claud. Nupt. Hon. et Marc. Fesc.
I. 16; Vulg. Ez. 8. 14; Adonin Grat. Cyn. 66; Auson. Idyll. 68. 58 (p. 112 Peiper) ; Macrob. S. i. 21. i. Voc. Adoni Ov. M. 10. 543.
Addpertio, concealing, hiding: Paulin. Nol. ep. 13. 10 tnors vera viitutis adopcrtio est.
Adoptulus, an adopted person : Eutych. p. 453 K. Adoratio, in general sense, prayer, =. the Greek npoaevxri, Marc.
II. 17 (cod. Taurin, or Bob., Tischendorf's k) domus niea domus adorationis vocabitur (Ronsch S. B. p. 6).
Adordinatio, order, disposition : Int. Iren. 5. 36. 2 hanc esse ad- ordijiaiioncin ei dispositioncm eoruin qui sahdajiiur.
Adordior, adorsus, to begin, set about: Gell. 9. 2. 10 tyran- num interficere adorsi.
Adoreosus, rewarded with adorea : Gloss. Nom. p. 5 L adorio- sus (sic) qui praemium ex pugjia accepit.
Adoreus, of spelt: Cato R. R. 83, etc. (see the lexx.); the fern, adorea as subst. seems originally to have meant bread or cake, or food made of ador (for the fern, used as a subst. comp. noxia and saturd) ; Placidus p. 3 D adorea, panis de adore ; so Plaut. Amph. 193 R praeda aiqiie agro adoreaque (adoria edd.) adfecil popidares suos. 2. Met. because such food was the prize of
victory, the glory of victory : Paul. p. 3 M adoream laudein sire gloriam dicebanl, quia gloriosum eum puiabani qui farris copia abun- daret\ Plin. 18. \i, gloriam dcuique ipsam a farris honore adoream appellabant; Serv. A. 10. 677 adorea laus bellica ; so Placid. 1. c. Hor. 4. C. 4. 41 qui primus alma risit adorea ; Apul. M. 7. 16 for/i- busfaciis adoriae (so the Vl'^^ plenae \ Apol. 17. M' . Curio tot ado- riis longe inclito; Claud. Laud. Stil. i. 384 haec omnes veterum revo- cavit adorea laudes. (From the use of ador in sacrifices the ancient grammarians had an idea that adorea was connected with adorare ; so Non. p. 52; Serv. A. 10. 677; Prise, i. p. 637 K.) 3.
Ncut. adoreum, a sacrifice: Isiil. 17. 3. 6 adorea sacrijieia dicunUir \
48 Adoxus — Advergo.
Gloss. Epin. has adorea Jibamina, perhaps for aJoyca liha, viensae, see Serv. A. 7. 1 1 1.
Adoxus, («So£oc), humble: of st)le, Augustin. Rhet. 21 (Halm R. r.. M. p. 150) 171 adoxo genere ser/fionis.
Adpatruus, a great-great-uncle: Isid. Orig. 9. 6. 24 palrui mei proavus ?ni/u adpainms est.
Adraster, -ri, a digger: Gloss. Vat. ap. Lowe P. G. p. 419
■ adraslros ' /ossorcs.
Adrumavit, glossed as = rwnoretn aitiilif, Gloss, ap. Mai C. A. 6. p. 504 : Paul. p. 9 says adrumavit rianor em fecit, sive comjuurmit- ratus est: quod verbinn qiiidam a rufnifie, i.e. parte gutturis, piitant dediici. (The simple rumare would stand to rumor as clamare to clamor, labare to labor.)
Adsedus, cogn. rh. : C. I. L. 3. 4847.
Adseveiatio, as t. t. of grammar, see ass-.
Adstator, a bystander, esp. of Liber : C. L L. 6. 467 (Rome).
Adsuscipio, to undertake a fresh thing : Act. Fratr. Arv. C. L L. 6. 2066. 20 (89 .v.D.) adsuscipere rota (to undertake new vows).
Advecto, freq. from adveho: Val. Fl. 4. 106 advectat ratis acta notis tibi pabula dira; Tac. A. 6. 13 adv. rei frumentariae copiam.
Advectus, -us, a carrying, conveyance : Varro L. L. 5. 43 ; Tac.
H. 4. 84 advectus deae. ^^f
Advenientia, -ae, a coming: Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 161 (fr. 25 Peter) advenientiatn cohortium (so Popma for advenientium).
Adveno, -is, to come hither: Plaut. Ps. 1030 R ne ilk hue Harpax advenat.
Adventatio, a coming, approach : Lit. L'en. Valent. Syst. i. 8.
2 (::= Tvapova'iaS.
Adventor, -oris, a visitor : add to the instances quoted Varro Manius 19 haec adventor ibus accedunt, cellae, claves, claustra.
Adventoria cena is said to be incorrect for adventicia c. by Caper De Verbis Dubiis p. 107 K.
Adverbium, 1. 1. in Grammar, an adverb, =z Greek eVi'/jpij/ia. The earliest authority quoted for it is Quint, (i. 5. 48), who may have got it from Pliny ; it is common in the Grammarians.
Advergo, to trend or verge towards : with ace. Prise. Perieg.
963 Per sis . . . advergens Austros.
Adversitas— Adulter. 49
Adversitas = res adversae, adversity: Ennod. Ejjist. 2. 14 (p. 55 n artel) and elsewhere in Ennod. and other late writers.
Adversus and adversum, in old Latin advorsus and advorsum : adv. and prep. According to Ritschl Opusc. Philol. 2. p. 262 the form advorsum was the oldest. Plaut. indeed has besides this form advorsus (Trin. 726 qjii advorsus venerit; but may not this be the adj.?); Ritschl 1. c. says he also has advorsus octo, advorsus exor- dire, dtcat,/actam, /nam, populi. Ter. only knows the form advor- sum. The forms found in the earlier inscriptions are adversus, ad vorsum (written separately), ad vorsu (once), arvorsum (once) ; S. C. Bac. C. I. L. I. 196. 25 arvorsum ead. Sometimes the word governed comes between ad and vorsum ; Lex. Par. Fac. C. L L. i. 577. 2. 12 antas duas ad mare vorsum proicito; ib. 1143 ad Z. Tondei vorsu p. xvi. Adversum is found after its case, in Plaut. 750 R viirtim quin te advorsus die at \ Bacch. 698 R qtiae dixit me advorsum ; Aulul. 690 R te advorsum mentiar ; Poen. 400 R viendax me advorsum; Ter. Ph. j^z"] faccre me advorsum omnia; Nep. Con. 2. 2 hunc adversus Pharnabazus habitus est imperaior; so Timoth. 4. 3 hunc adv.; Sail. lug. lOi. 8 quos advorswn icrat; Hist. 2. 48 quod adversum accurrere; Hor. i. Epist. i. 75 te adver- sum ; in all these instances wilh a pronoun.
Adversus invicem, = mutually: Ps. Cypr. De Sing. Cler. 19.
Advivo, to live on, continue living: Epit. Scip. C. L L. i. 37 quo ad veixei (which j\Iomm«en would read quo adveixei) ; C. L L. 5. 4057 (Mantua) f«w adviveret; Scaevola Dig. 34. 3. 28. 5 donee advivet; ib. 34. 4. 30 init. quamdiu advixerit; Tert. Marc. 4. 19 omnibus ?iatis mater advivit i' De An. 57 cum adviverent. Of fire : Stat. Theb. 12. 424 tenuem nigris etiamman advivere lucem Ro- boribus.
Adulter. The absurd etymology from ad and alter is not yet banished from the lexx. It is to be observed — 1. that ad-
ulter as a subst. can be used with the gen. of the person with whom the offence is committed; Cic. Sest. 39 ; Tac. A. 3. 24, 6. 47, 15- 68 ; Suet. lul. 74; also of the virtue tampered with, Arnob. 4. 33 aduUeri castitatis ; and diat it is also found wilh the genitive in the sense of a falsifier of coin; Cod. lust. 9. 24. 2 quicwique solidorum adulter potest reperiri. So too adulterarc takes ace. in the sense of committing adultery with: Hor. Epod. 16. 32; Suet. lul. 6; Aug. 67. These instances seem to show that the second syllable ///- is verbal, and implies some word meaning to corrupt. 2. 1 hat
£
so Adumbro.
adulter as an adj. may have the passive sense of spurious, corrupt : Plin. 33. 114 adulkrum minium; Apul. M. 10. 9 ad. tiummus ; Arnob. 5. 36 nothae atque adulterae leciiones (of fables) ; Cypr. Ep. 45. I ad. <r(7/)?(r/ (= spurious) ; De Hab. Virg. 17 adultero colore. This fact points in the same direction. 3. That adullero
means to falsify, spoil, corrupt, tamper with : Cic. Lael. 92, and often elsewhere ; and adulteratio means corruption or adulteration : of saffron, Plin. 21. 32 umidu??i etiim quod event t adulteratione ; of books, for Rufinus wrote De Adulteraiiojie Librorum Origenis; see vol. 25. p. 397 (Lommatzch) ex adulteratione librorum suorum. So adulterator ^=3. corrupter or counterfeiter of coin : Dig. 48. 19. 16. 9 adulteratores monetae; Glossae Nominum p. 7 Lowe adulterator adtilttr, et qui numisma inlegale cudit. 4. That adulterinus
never means adulterous, but always counterfeit, spurious, not genuine : Plaut. Bacch. 266 R adulter inum, non verum esse sumbulum ; Cic. Cluent. 41 signis adulterinis obsignavit; Off. 3. 91 nummos adulter inos pro veris accipere; Sail. I. 12. 3 c laves adulter if las por- iarum ; Nigid. ap. Gell. 19. 14. 7 « adulterinum (of a spurious letter of the alphabet). So of offspring, Plin. 10. 10 {Iialiaetus) praecipi- tat {pullum) e nido veliit adulterifium atque degenerem ; 7. 14 non pro- fugietitibus adulterino sanguine fiatos serpentibus . So met., adulterinae doctrinae Cypr. Ep. 43. 4. 5. These usages can be most
easily explained on the hypothesis that adulter as adj. originally meant corruptijig or corrupted; and that their common use with that of their derivatives, adulterare, adulterium, adtilterio, and adul- teritas in connexion with adultery can easily be derived from the notion of pollution. I am therefore inclined to assume as the origin of the word a base ol- or ul-, which perhaps meant originally to wet or spoil with moisture (comp. ab-ol-ere) and which, it is possible, is to be found in ul-va, marsh-plant, and Ul-u-brae, Marsh-town. May this be the same as Celtic 0I-, to drink ? The quantity oiul-i-g-o makes one hesitate about bringing this word into the connexion. The passive meaning of adulter adj., corrupted and so counterfeit, is analogous to that of spurius, which is probably connected with spurcus. The form is exactly like that of cul-ter, literally the striker.
Adumbro, in art = a-Kiaypacpeo), to draw in light and shade : common especially in the part. pass, adumbratus, which is opposed to expressus as a drawing to a relief; Varro L. L. 10. 19 in arti- culis vix adumbrata est analogia (there is hardly the semblance of); 10. 30 adiunbrata et tcfiuis afialogia ; Cic. Cael. 12 habuii . . . per-
Adunatrix — Advocator. 51
mulla maximarum non expressa signa sed adumbrata virtutum ; De Or. 2. 194 heroum veteres casus imilari atque adumbrare dicendo ; Fin. 5. 61 in qua haec hones/a quae intellegimus a natura tamquavi adwnbranlur, sed haec vi pueris ; expressa vera in iis aetaiibus, etc., and so elsewhere; Li v. 33. 31. 2 adumbratis litter is vana specie liber tatis; Quint. 7. 10. 9 quis pictor omnia, quae in rerum natura sunt, adumbrare didicit ? Petron. 106 adtunbrata inscriptio. So of a fictitious representation, as opposed to a reality, to vamp up : Cic. Dom. 80 qui ne emejitie?ido quidem potueris adumbrare meliorem; Agr. 2. 31 comitiis . . . ad speciem veri tatis . . . auspiciorum causa adumbratis \ Sull. 52 ad hoc adumbratum indicium, etc.
Adunatrix, uniting: Chalcid. in Tim. Comm. 17 natura con- iugabilis ct adunatrix distantium hmitum.
Adunitio, an uniting, union = Greek eywo-ts : Int. Iran. 4. 33. 11 adunitione77i Verbi Dei ad plasma eius.
Advdcatio. 1. The function or action of an advocatus :
Cic. Fam. 7. 10. i in re militari multo es cautior quain in advo- caiionibus; Quint. 7. i. 58 ne periculo auxilii deterreantur ab advo- catione; 12. 7. 4 ducetur in advocationem maxime causa; Tac. D. 4. 10; Suet. Gramm. 22 ; and in later literature. 2. Advocatio
fisci, the office of advocate to the treasury: C. I. L. 5. 4332 (Brescia) : ad fisci advocationes promotus ; comp. C. I. L. 6. 1759 (Rome, 389 A.D.) advocationis sedis tirbanae ofiicium ; Spart. Caracalla 8. 3 ; Geta 2. 4 adv. fisci; and so in legal Latin. 3. A body
of advocates or assistants : Cic. Rose. Com. 1 5 advocatio ea est quam propter eximium splendorem ut iudicem unum vereri debeamus ; Verr. i. 129 quo 7naximarum rerum frequentissimae cotidie advo- cationes fiunt ; Sull. 81, and elsewhere; Liv. 3. 47. i cum itigenti advocatione; Quint. 5. 13. 49 in advocationibus iactatum. 4.
The collegium or guild o{ advoca/i : Cod. 2. 3. 30 adv. Caesariensis ; ib. 8. 41. 27 Palaestina advocatio. 5. Assistance: Petron. 96
advocatione?7ique C07n7>ie7idabam {^Eu77iolpd) ; Cypr. Ep. 30. 6. al. ; so e. An excuse or allegation : Tert. Coron. Mil. 1 1 advocatio 7ieccssi- tatis. 7. = solaciu7n : Ps. Cypr. De spectaculis 4 ; Tert. De
Pat. II talibus et advocatio et risus promittilur ; ]\Iarc. 4. 15. 8. Advocatio7tem dare, peter e, to grant, ask for a delay : proi)erly, to ask for time to consult with one's advocati: Cic. Fam. 7. 11. 1 ut a singulis interregibus binas advocationes peter et.
Advficator, in the sense of a comforter: Tert. I\Iarc. 4. 15 sicui probavi {^Deu7/i) i7iendicorum advocatorem : so advocarc = ixa^a-
E 2
52 Advocatus — Aedes.
Kfi^f'tu, to comfort: Vulo;-, Is. 40. 2 advocate cam; Tert. Marc. 14 and elsewhere Eccl. (Ronsch I. u. V, p. 348).
Advocatus ; as a public officer advocatus was the counsel attached to a particular department, e.g. advocatus fisci, counsel to the treasury : Spart. Hadr. 20. 7 advocatum fisci primus instituit Hadrianus ; this officer is mentioned C. I. L. 6. 1704 (Rome, 330 A.D.). So we find an advocatus of a particular city, C. I. L. 5. 3336 (Verona).
Adurius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 5. 3355 (Verona); 6. 2382, 3832 (Rome).
Aecitia, nom. f.: C. I. L. i. 43 Aecitiai pocolom.
Aedes, in old Latin written aides: as C. I. L, i. 32. Nom. s, aedis Plaut. As. 220 R. Aedes is defined by Varro ap. Serv, A. 2. 512 as locus quatttior angulis inclusus ; in L. L. 5. 160 he says aedes ab aditu, quod piano pede adibant. Itaque ex aedibus efferri indictivo fimere praeco etiam cos dicit qui ex tabernis effertmtur , et omnes in censu villas etiam dedicamus aedes; comp. Isid. 15. 3. 2 ovine aedificium antiqui dicebant aedem; Paul. p. 13 INI sa}S that aedes is simplex atque unius aditus. 1. The word means origin-
ally a chamber : Plant. As. I. c. aedis nobis area est ; Verg. G. 4. 258 (of bees) clausis cunctantur in aedibus ; Curt. 8. 6. 3 proximi foribus eius aedis in qua rex acquiescebat ; ib. 1 3 ad fores aedis eius in qua rex vescebatur. 2. Iti aedem = indoors : Plaut. fragm. ap. Isid. 1. c.
si vocassem vos in aedem ad prandium. 3. Especially and very
frequently, a chamber dedicated to a god or goddess, a temple, sometimes with the epithet sacra : so Epit. L. Scip. C. I. L. i. 32 ; S. C. Bac. 196. '2 apud aedem Duelo?iai, and in inscr. before the death of Caesar ; as Lex. lul. Mun. C. L L. i, 206. 30; Fasti ib. p. 314, 317, 328 ; Varro L. L. 7. 10 hoc ut putarent, aedem templum esse, /actum quod in urbe Roma pleraeque aedes sacrae sunt tetnpla, eade?n sancta ; so frequently in Cic. and all Latin aedes or aedes sacra = a temple, aedes or aedes sacrae = temples. If the deity to whom the temple is consecrated is not mentioned (e. g. aedes Bel- lonae, Martis, deorum or the like), aedes sacra is very often used, though aedes may also be used by itself in the same sense. In Suet. lul. 84 aurata aedes ad simulacrum templi Veneris Ge?ie.'ricis collocata = a shrine modelled after the temple of Venus. 4.
In pi. aedes ■= a set of chambers, so a house : Legg. XII. 67 \V ; Plaut. Aul. 98 and al. ; Cato Orat. 36. i ; Enn. Trag. 290 ; Ter. often, and never in sing. ; ]Mil. Popil. C. I. L. i. ^^i /orum aedisque pub-
Aedicula — Aedilis. S3
licas heic feci ; Lucr., Cic. and all Latin. In pi. it can also naturally mean houses: met. Plant. Ps, 469 '^ fac sis vocivas aedes aiirium. 5. Met., a house, = a family: Plant. Mil. 310 Rib. (Usually con- nected, perhaps rightly, with Skt. base idh-, indh-, to burn, shine : and so with Greek aW-a>, etc. Thus aed-es would ])roperly mean a burning, then a fire-place or hearth : yet there is no trace in Latin literature of such a meaning being attached to it.)
Aedicula, -ae, dim. of aedes. 1. A small chamber : Plaut,
Epid. 402 R i)i aediadam istanc . . . conchidi volo. PI. aediciilae = a little house, sometimes literally, sometimes as in English, a pretty, nice little house : Ter. Ph. 663 aediculae item sunt oh decern alias {pppositae minas); Cic. Cael. 17 cuius in aediculis habitat decern tit opinor milibus ; Paradox. 6. 50 pauper /uit, halncil cnim aediculas in Carinis ; Petron. 85 aedicularuni cultum, and elsewhere in Latin. 2. A small shrine: C. L L. i. 1181 aediculam et
bassifn magistrei dant; Cic. Dom. 136 cu77i . . . aram et aediculam et pulvinar . . . dedicasset; Liv. 35. 9. 6 aediculam Victoriae; Vitruv. 7. 5. 3 candelabra aedicularum sustineniia figuras\ Petron. 29 in cuius (arrnarii) aedicula erant Lares argentei positi ; and elsewhere in Lat. ; C. L L. 2. 1939 (100 a.d.); 1980 (200 a.d.), both from Baetica, and elsewhere in inscr.
Aedilis, form aidilis C. L L. i. 30. 61 : abbreviated aid., acd. passim. Nom. sing, aediles, Lex Salpensana 82 a.d. ; C. L L. 2. 1963. 26. 45, abl. s. aedile ib. 27. 13; Cic. Sest. 95: aedili Tac. A. 12. 64, and later. An official at Rome, and in Italian or other towns whose constitution resembled that of Rome : the duty of the two aediles, who were originally exclusively plebeian officers, appears to have been to guard the archives deposited with them in the temple (aedes) of Ceres: Liv, 3. 14. 13 (of the year 449 B.C.) instHutum . . . ut senatus consulta in acdcm Cereris ad aediles pltbis deferrentur ; Pompon. Dig. i. 2. 2. 21 iteinque ut essent qui acdibus praeessent in quibus (quas ?) omnia scita sua plcbs deferehat, duos ex plebe constituerunt qui etiam aediles appellati stint; so Julius Caesar added to the four aediles existing in his time two additional aediles Ceriales. Comp. Varro L. L. 5. 81 aedilis qui aedes sacras privatas procurarct. They seem originally to have been assistants or subordinate officers to the tribunes : Liv. 3. 57. 10 sunt qui iussu trihunorum aediles functos eo minister io credant (the function being that of inscribing the laws of the Twelve Tables on bronze); in Liv. 4. 30. 11 they are said to have been charged with the duty of seeing that no foreign worships were introduced
54 Aedinius — Aeditumor.
(428 B.C.). In Liv. 3. 31. 5 (454 B.C.) an aedilis plehis L. Alienus acts as prosecutor of one of the consuls of the past year, in con- junction with a tribunus plebis. In Liv. 29. 20. 11 (204 b.c) the plebeian aedilis accompanies the tribunes in order if necessary to effect an arrest. The duties of the aedileship, as it existed after the Licinian laws, were chiefly concerned with the internal management of the city, and fell under three main heads. 1. The superin-
tendence of trade, including the inspection of weights and measures, the inspection of goods and wares, the supervision of the cattle and slave market, and the regulation of prices for provisions. 2. Cura iirbis, including the maintenance of the streets in repair (see the Lex lulia Mun.), the keeping them clean, the care of the temples and public buildings (Cic. Verr, 5. 36 ; Varro R. R. i. 2. 2), and a number of other minor duties. 3. Cura ludorian, or
the arrangements for certain public games, especially the ludi Romani: this function was taken away from the aediles by Augus- tus. These duties involved a certain amount of judicial autho- rity, necessary to enforce the decrees of the aediles. The word occurs constantly in inscr. and literature from Plaut. down- wards to the time of Alexander Severus, after which we hear no more of the office. On coins the aediles are usually distinguished 2,% plebei or acrules, and so sometimes in inscr., but in the lists of officials and in laws (as the Lex. lul. Mun.) they are usually spoken of without distinction.
Aedinius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 6. 1058. i. 160 (Rome, 210 a.d.) ; I. R. N. 635. I. 4 (Canusium).
Aeditimor, aeditimus, see aeditumor, aeditumus.
Aeditua, -ae, subst. f , a woman who takes care of a temple : C. I. L. 6. 2213 (Rome) ; Tert. Cult. Fem. 2. i cimi omnes iemplum Dei simus, . . . eius lempli aeditua et antistita pudicitia est.
Aeditualis, -i, adj. from aedituus, issued by an aedituus : Tert. Pud. 1 6 qui templo sancietido purificandoque aeditualem legem scripsit, ' Si quis teynplum Dei vitiaverii,' etc.
Aedituens, part, from verb aedituor, found in ]\ISS. of Non. p. 75, used as subst. = guardians of temples: Lucr. 6. 1275 hospi- tibus loca qtcae compter ant aedituentes,
Aeditumor, verb dep., to act as guardian of a temple : Pompon. 2 (ap. Cell. 12. 10. 7) qui tibi postquam appareo atque aeditumor in templo tuo (so Gellius, not aedituor).
Aeditnmus — Aedius. 55
Aeditumus, -i, subst. m., spelt acditimtts C. I. L. 6. 345. 4327 (Rome, early first cent.); and aedistimus ib. 3712 (Rome); the keeper of a temple : Cic. Top. 36 in quo {posllmim'um) Servius nosier nihil putat esse notandum, nisi '■ post^ et ' linwiium ' illud prodiictionem esse verbi vult, ut in '■ finitimo' ' legitimo,' ' aediiimo ' nan plus esse ' -timum' quarn in '■ meditullio' ^-iullium ;' Varro R. R. i. 2, i ab ' aediiutno : ' ut dicere didicimus a patribus nostris : ut corrigimur a recentibus urbanis, ab ^aedituo;^ so Varro ap. Gell. 12. 10. 4 />/ libra secundo ad Marcellum de Latino sermone ' aeditumum ' did oportere censet, non ' aedituum ; ' Gellius continues, quoting from the Vcrrines, (4. 96) in exemplaribus fidelissimis ita inveni scriptum: '■aedituvii custodesque mature sentiunt;' in libris autefn hoc vulgar iis ^aeditui' scriptum est. Poinponii fabula atellania est quae ita scripta est ^aeditumus;' Varro L. L. 5. 50 quotes from the sacra Argeorum ubi aeditumus habere solet. In Plaut, Cure. 204 R it may there- fore be questioned whether aedituom or aeditumum should be read. (In form aeditimus corresponds with legitimus and finitimus, as Gell. 12. 10. I remarks: the ending -tirmis having a possessive force.)
Aeditiius, -i, subst. m. = aeditumus : Gell. 12. 10. i says/ir(? eo {^ aeditutnus') a plerisque Jiunc ' aedituus' dicitur nova et commenlicia usurpatione quasi a tuendis aedibus appcllatur . The form aedituus appears to have come into use in Varro's time : see quotations under aeditumus. It is read, however, by the latest editors, in Plaut. Cure. 204 R. In Cic. Verr. 4. 96 the true reading is aeditumus ; Hor. 2. Epist. I. 230 has aedituos, and so frequently later writers, and inscr., e.g. C. I. L. 6. 2203. 2204. 221 1 (Rome); nom. sing. aeditus C. I. L. 6. 302. 479. 2207. 2215 ; ace. sing, aedituom C. I. L. 6. 2068, 2. 27 (Rome, 91 a.d.) ; gen. pi. aedituom C. I. L. 6. 2202 (Rome). Aedituus de moncta, = keeper of the mint, C. I. L. 6. 678 (Rome); C. I. L. 3. 5822 (Augsburg) mentions an aedituus singu- larium alae Flav. XI; is this the keeper of a temple frequented by these soldiers.'' Met., Hor. 2. Epist. i. 230 cognoscere quales Aedituos habeat belli spectata domique Virtus = guardians, protectors of its interests.
Aedituus, cogn. m. : Gell. 19. 9. 10.
Aedius, Aedia, nomina : C. I. L. 6. 13 (Rome, 228 a.d.), spelt Aidius C. I. L. 6. 353 (Rome, 51 a.d.), and Aidius C. I. L. 6. 1056.
I. 87 (Rome, 205 A.D.); I. R. N. 4780 (AUifaeV
5^ Aeeta — Aemidus.
o
Aeeta and Aeetes, Greek n. p. : nom. Act'/d Varro R. R. 2. i. 6; Ov. Her. 12. 29; M. 7. 170; Hygin. Fab. praef. 3. 22. 188: ace. Aeetam Cie. Tuse. 3. 39 ; N. D. 3. 54 ; Hygin. Fab. 3 : abl. Aeeta Cic. N. D. 348; lustin. 32. 3. 13; Hygin. Fab. 14: voc. Aeeta Val. Fl. 7. 89, 8. 11. 350; Cic. 'Fuse. 3. 26 : Val. Fl. uses nom. Aeetes and ace. Aeeten.
Aegis, -Idis, Greek ace. aegidd, subst. f. = Greek aiy/?, properly a goat-skin, but almost always used of the arm or weapon of Jupiter or Minerva ; whether the weapon was a shield or a corselet is not certain : Lactant. i. 21. 39 takes the aegis as = a shield; but Serv. on Aen. 8. 435 says, ^ aegis' propric est munimentum pectoris aercum habens in medio Go7gotiis caput ; quod muniynentiun, si ifi pectore numinis fuerit, 'aegis' vocatur, si i7i pcctore ho?)iinis, sicut in antiquis imperatorum statuis vide?>ius, ' lorica ' dicitur. The aegis is spoken of as shaken by a god holding it by Verg. A. 8. 354 lovem, cum saepe nigrantc?n Aegida conctiteret dextra m'ynbosqiie cieret; so Sil. 7, 12. 335, 720. In Ov. INI. 5. 46 bellica Pallas adest et protegit aegide fratrem, aegis may be a shield, though not necessarily : it may also mean a robe ; in Verg. A. 8. 435 aegidaque horriferani, turbatae Palladis arma, Certatim squamis serpentum awoque polibant, it may well be a lorica ; so perhaps Sil. 9. 441 ; and this it must be in Ov. M. 6. 78 at sibi dat clipeum, dat actitae cusp idis has tarn, Dat galeam capiti, defenditur aegide pectus ; inHor. 3. C. 4. 57 contra sonantem Palladis aegida, it may be either. Met. = a veil held before the eyes : Ov, Rem. Am. 346 decipit hac oculos aegide dives Amor. There seems to be no really decisive evidence that the aegis was a shield : its primary notion seems to be that of a storm-cloud enveloping the form of a god.
Aegrimonium = aegrimonia : Glossae Nominum p. 7 Lowe aegrivionium aegritudo ; Exc. Id. Gen. ap. Keil Gramm. Lat. 4. p. 582 aegrimonium, voiros; Matth. 8. 17 e transl. Isid. aegrimonia nostra portavit; Iren. 2. 18. 2 {absorbetur) aegrimonium ab in- columitate.
Aegripomium, Lat. equivalent for (pdivonapov, ■= autumn : Glossae Nom. p. 7 Lowe aegripumium (sic) auctumnus.
Aegror, sickness, real or metaphorical: restored to Pacuv. 275 and Ace. 349 by Lachmann. Found actually in Lucr. 6. 1132.
Aemidus = //^w/fl'?/ J, swelling: Paul. p. 24 ]M; Gloss. Philox. aemidus, necfiva-Tjfjievos ; and other glosses quoted by Lowe P. G. p. 100 note Gloss. Bodl. 'aemidus' tumidus, siifflatus.
Aemobolium — Aemulator. 57
Aemdbdlium {alfiniSoXiov), sprinkling of blood : I. R. N. 5308 (Teate) crioholinm et acmoboliiun movit de suo Petro7u'us Marcclhis.
Aemtilanientum, -i, subst. n. from aemtdo : Tert. Carm. contra ]\Iarc. 4. I with a, nos aemtd amenta lociili.
Aemulatio, -onis (aemulo), rivalry, emulation, in both good and bad sense: Cic. Tusc. 4. 17 aemulatio aulem dupliciter ilia quidem dieitur, ul et in laude et in vilio nomen hoc sit. Nam el imitatio virtutis aemulatio dieitur . . . et est aemulatio aegritudo, si eo quod concupierit alius potiatu)', ipse car eat \ 4. 56 ilia vitiosa aemu- latione quae rivalifati similis est. 1. In a good sense : Quint.
I. 2. 22 aemulatio . . . excitabitur laude; ib. 26 aem. firmiorcs in litteris profectus alit; comp. 11. i. 16; Tac^Agr. 36, and else- where. 2. In bad sense. (a) Tac. frequently ; Plin. 17. 3 odio quod ex aemulatione avidissimum est; Flor. i. 1 1. i ; and in other authors. (b) With curn of the person against whom jealousy is felt : Suet. Tib. 1 2 aemulationis cum Gaio Lucioque suspicionem. (c) With inter, of two persons : Tac. A. 6. 4 aemulationem inter collegas ohlitterari respondit. (d) With gen. of the object on account of which, or in regard to which, jealousy or emulation is felt : Nep. Att. 5. 4 laudis ; Liv. 35. 47. 4 aemulatione gloriae in bello Laconum; lustin. praef. ^/or/r?^; Tac. A. 2. 44 aemulatione gloriae \ and often elsewhere in Tac. 3. The attempt to imitate or rival ; Quint. 10. i. 50 ut magni sit vir lutes eius non aemulatione scd intellectu sequi ; ib. 5. 5 neque ego paraphrasim esse interprctationcm tantum volo, sed circa eosdem sensus certamen atque ae7uulatio7U'm ; Tag. H. 2. 91 inrisere plerique inpudentiam aemtilationis (the profession of such a rivalry). (b) In the same sense with gen.: Plin. 25. 8 pictura fallax est coloribus, ta?n nu?nerosis praesertim in aemu- lationem naturae; Tac>_^. 2. 59 P. Scipionis aemulatione; H. i. 13 grains Neroni aemulatione luxus. 4. In Eccl. Lat. = zeal.
(a) With gen. of the obj.: Vulg. Rom. 10. 2 aemulationem Dei.
(b) With pro : Vulg. 2 Cor. 7. 7 vestram aemulationern pro me. 5. Zeal towards, affection for: Vulg. 2 Cor. 11. 2 aemulor cnim vos Dei aemulatione. 6. Anger, indignation: Vulg. Ps. 77. 58 ad aemulationem euvi provocarunt. With gen. = opposition to, wrath against : Tert. Marc. 4. 20 aemulalio7iem legis.
Aemulator. 1. One who is zealous for or about a thing,
= (rjKMTr^s, with gen. of object : Vulg, Act. 21. 20 ae//iulato/-es legis ; I Cor. 14. 12 ae/nulatores spirituum ; and elsewhere Vulg. 2.
One who is angry and desirous of vengeance: Vulg. los. 24. 19
58 Aemulatus — Aequiternus.
Deus enitn fortis acmidaior est ; and elsewhere in Vulg. (See Ronsch S. B. p. 6.)
Aemulatus, -us, rivalry, emulation: in pi. Tac, A. 13. 46 ne in urbe aemulatus ageret. (Not in Tac. II. 3. 66, \vnere it was quoted from a conjecture of Lipsius.)
Aemulor, with ace. 1. In the sense of desiring, coveting
earnestly: Vulg. i Cor. 12. 31 aemulammi charismata meliora; ib. 14. I aemulami?n spiritalia. 2. ^ (rjkoo. to provoke to anger:
Vulg. Gal. 4. 17 aemulantur vos noti bene; i Cor. 10. 22 aii aemu- lemur Dominum ? 3. = fT;Xo'a), to be jealous on behalf of:
Vulg. 2 Cor. II. 2 aemulor vos Dei aemulatione. Abs. 1.
= Ci^evoi, to be zealous: Vulg. Apoc. 3. 19 aemulare ergo et paeni- tentiam age. 2. To be angry : Vulg. Ps. 36. i. 7 aemulari in
aliquo.
Aeneator, subst. ag. from ameo [daieus), a player on a brass instrument : Paul. p. 20 IM ; Gloss. Philox. aeneator, o-aXiriyKTrjs, aeneatores, Kvfi^oKoKpoiia-Tai ; Gloss. Bodl. aeneatores cornicines tibi- cines vel tuhicines ; Suet. Jul. 32 ; Amm. 16. 12. 36.
Aeneiddmastix, title of a work by Carvilius Pictor against the Aeneid, ' a whip to flog the Aeneid,' like the 'OtJir]pofidaTi$ of Zoilus and Ciceromastix of Largus Licinius (Gell. 17. i. i); Suet. Vita Verg. 44.
Aeneis, in the sense of a single book of the Aeneid : Hieron. Chron. Euseb. ad ann. Abrah. 2007 qui Aeneidum libros postea emendarunt ; Serg. Don. p. 485 K has gen. pi. Aeneidorum.
Aenus (= aesnus): in old Latin ahenus, and so perhaps in the last century of the Republic ; the MSS. of Verg. usually give aenus, but Med. in A. i. 449 has ahenis by a second hand; S. C. Bac. (C. I. L. I. 196. 26) in tabolam ahenam.
Aepidia, nom. f : I. R. N. 1650 (Beneventum).
Aeppius, nom. m.: I. R. N. 377 (Potentia).
Aeprius, nom. m.: I. R. N. 11 70 (Aeclanum).
Aequildcus, speaking fairly or justly: Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 177.
Aequisia, nom. f. : I. R. N. 5727 (Aequiculi).
Aequiternus, apparently = equally eternal : Claud. Mam. Stat. An. 2. 4. p. 112 Eng. quae semper aequiterna semper individua ubique ct ubicunque iota unus deus sunt; ib. 2. 7. p. 122 Eng. aequiternam indivisam divinitatem.
Aequitina — Aerarius. 59
Aequitina, nom. f. : C. I. L. 3. 2021 (Salona).
Aequitius, nom. m.: I. R. N. 308 (Potentia) ; C. I. L. 6. 499 (Rome, 374 A.D.); Amm. often.
Aequlvdciis, t. t. for a word which may be used in different senses, e.g. Ico for a real or a painted Hon: Mart. Cap. 4. 355 ' aeqtiivoctim ' est quando viultarum rerum unum est nomai, sed non eadem definitio, ut '■■leo! Nam quantum ad nomen periinct, verus et pictus et caelestis leo dicitiir^ etc. So Isid. and others.
Aequorna, also spelt Aecorna and Aecurna, name of a goddess, perhaps of the sea: C. I. L. i. 1466 mag. vie. aedcm Aeqttor(tiae) de v/c{t) s{umptu)J'. c; comp. the inscr. found near Labacum on the Schlossberg, Henzen Inscr. 5868-5870; also C. I. L. 3. 3776, 3831-2-3 (Laibach).
Aeraceus, made of bronze: Vitruv. 3. i. 8 aeraceus denarius; spelt aeratiiis by Rose and Miiller.
Aeracura, name of a goddess: C. I. L. 6. 142 (Rome). Aere- cura: C. I. L. 5. 725 (Aquileia).
Aeramen equum viilgus vocat, quod in moduin aerei sit coloris Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 418 ; = Isid. Or. 12. i. 53, who has aera- nem ; probably the real word is aero, . aeronis ; comp. the n. p. Aeronius.
Aeramentum. 1. A bronze vessel: Plin. 15. 34, 35. 182
in pi.; so C. I. L. 2. 1071 lacus et aeramenfa (Arva in Baetica) ; ib. 1478 lacus cum aeramentis (Astigi in Baetica). 2. A strip
of bronze for soldering : Plin. 33. 94. 3. Bronze-work: Edict.
Diocl. 7. 28 inductilis aeramcnti; Paul. Sent. 3. 6. 44 tarn supelkx quam aira?uentum; Gloss. Bodl. ^aes' aeramentum.
Aeranna, name of a goddess : C. I. L. 9. 2803 (Rome, 3rd cent. A.D. in a titulus dedicated by a Thracian).
Aerarius, = supported by contributions of money : Varro ap. Serv. Verg. G. 3. 18 {currus) dicebatur aerarius eo quod de conlatione populi exhibebatur . . . wide hodiequc permansit ut ultimus missus appellaretur aerarius. This may be the origin of the use of aerarii for the lowest class in Rome, regarded as clients supported by their patroni; or perhaps from the metaphor of aerarius currus, the last chariot in the race, as the last class. Soldiers serving for pay were called aerarii: Varro L. L. 5- 181 hinc dicuntur milites aerarii ab aere, quod stipendia facercnt ; hence Cic.'s gibe, Att. i. 16. 3 tribuni non tarn aerati quam ut appellantur aerarii.
6o Aeroniiis — Aerumnosus.
Aeronius, Aeronia, nomina : C. I. L. 3 often.
AeruUius, Aerullia, nomina: I. R. N. 2934 (near Naples).
Aeruma = uiensilia amphora : conj. by Miiller in Paul. p. 26 for the corrupt reading of the MSS. IMiiller derives it from aes, with term, -iimus, and explains as = properly brazeii.
Aerumna, -ae, subst. fern. 1. A burden : Plaut. Epid. 557 R
qui per voluptatcm iuam in me acrumnam obsevisti gravem ; so of the labours of childbirth, Amph. 488 R aerumnas duas ahsolvere. 2.
Met., a burden, labour : Fest. p. 24 aeriimnae labores onerosos signifi- cant ; esp. of the labours of Hercules, Plaut. Pers. 2 aerumnas Her- ctdi; Trin. 1087 aerumnis Herculeis (emend. Gotz); Epid. 179 R iieque sexta aerumna acerhior Herculi quam mi ilia obiecia est; Cic. Fin. 2. 118 vel Herculis perpeti aenwmas : sic eimn ?naiores nostri labores nan fugicndos tristissimo tame7i verba aerumnas etiam in deo no77iinavcrunt ; Petron. 48; so luv. 10. 361 Herculis aeru7nnas. 3. Care, trouble, distress, toil, either of the general state or of particular cases of it ; generally with the idea of something burden- some or oppressive, according to the definition of Cic. Tusc. 4. 18 77iaeror est aegritudo flebilis, aerumna aegritudo labor iosa, dolor aegri- iiido C7'ucia?7s', often in Plaut.; Caecil. 47, 75, 86; Enn. Tr. 47. 56 al; Pacuv. 276, 356; Ace. 352; Lucil., Ter. Ph. 242 aeru7n- nam fej're; Hec. 288 qui te expedias his aerumnis; 876 ex quanta ae7-umna extraxeris; Cic. Att. 3. 8. 2 aerumnis et luctibus ; 3. 11. 2 adfectam mea ae7'U77ina; Fam. 14. i. i ; Prov. Cons. 17 ciinrnn cala77iitas, socioru77i aertwina . . . propagaiur ; Sest. 7 illius aeru77i- 7iam suste7itavit ; ib. 49 re7n publica7ii servavi, semel gloria, iterum aeru77ma mea, and elsewhere in Cic; Lucr. 3. 50 07n7iibus aerumnis adfecii; 4. 1069 i7ique dies gliscit furor atque aertwina gravescit; I. 10% fii7e77i ae7'U77i7iaru7n ; Sail. H. 2. 21 Sagunii7ii fide atque aeru77inis incluti, and elsewhere in Sail.; Hor. 2. Epist. 2. 26 collecta viatica 77iultis Aeru77inis; Pers. i. 28 (from Pacuv.) An- tiopa, aeru77i7iis cor luctificabile fulta; Apul. ; Amm. 13. 6. 3 post multiplices belloi'um aerumnas. (In Quint. 8. 3. 26 Zumpt conj. and Halm adopts aeru77mosii7n, not aeru77was.) (Derivation un- certain. The original meaning seems to have been a burden ; Paul. p. 20 I\I interprets aeru/nntilae in Plaut. as meaning sticks used by travellers for fixing and carrying burdens. In form aeru77i7ia is a pass. part. fem. from a lost verb aero, -Is; this may have been identical in meaning with the Greek ai'pw, to lift. But Vanicek i. p. 86 connects aeru7n7ia with ira)
Aermnnosiis (aerumna), distressed, burdened with toil or
Aerumnula — Aes. 6i
misery : Plaut. Epid. 559 R atruimiosam el viiseriarum compoteni niulierem; Rud. 257; Bacch. 5 aerinnnosissimiim {Ulixeni); Ace. 344 aerumnosum hospitem; Cic. Att. 3. 19. 2 Tercniia una omnium aerumnosissima ; ib. 3. 23. 5, and also in his speeches. In Tusc. 3. 67 tarn aerumnoso navigavissem salo is a translation of Euri- pides's hih. TToucov fvav<n6\ovu ; Sen. Ira 2. 7. i m7n7 est aeriimnosius sapienie; Petron. 39 (in the mouth of Trimalchio).
Aerumnula, -ae, dim. oiaerianna ; see note on acrutnna sub fin.
Aerumnus, -a, -um, adj. = unfortunate : Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 116 note.
Aeruseator, -oris, subst. m. ag. from aerusco, a beggar: Gcll. 14. I. 2 homines aeruscatores et cihum quaestumqiie ex mendaciis cap/antes.
Aerusco, -as, to go about collecting money: Paul. p. 24 M aeruscare, aera undiqtie, id est pectmias colligere ; Placidus p. 1 1 D aeruscans aes minuturn accurate construens; Gell. 9. 2. 8 acruscanti ciiipiam id genus et pJiilosophum sese ostentanti; not in Sen. Clem. 2. 7. 2, where Haase reads crus aridum. (Apparently from aes; the termination the same as in cor-tiscus.)
Aes, aeris, subst. n.; gen. sing, aerus C. I. L. 4. 2440 (Pom- peii); dat. sing, acre in phrase aere flando, feriundo in inscr.; abl. airid, aire, C. I. L. i. 61. 181; gen. and dat. pi. aerum, aeribus, Cato Orat. 64 ; Paul. p. 27 M 'aeribus' pluraliter ab aere, id est aera- menio, Cato dixit. 1. Copper; often also used for various
kinds of bronze or mixtures of copper with other metals ; some- times for brass: see Plin. 34. 94 foil., where the different kinds of mixtures are treated; Enn. Trag. 213 aes sonit, and elsewhere in Enn.; Ace. 631 ; Luer. 5. 1241 aes atque aurumfcrrumque, and in all Latin. 2. Of anything made of bronze or brass, esp.
common in pi. (a) Of bronze tablets: Cic. Fam. 12. i. 2 cuius aera refigere debemus (bronze tablets containing Caesar's laws) ; so Cat. 3. 19 legtcm aera liquefacta; Tac.^H. 4. 40 aera Icgtwi ; A. 12. ^^fixum est acre publico senatus consultum. (b) Of brazen aims : Verg. A. 7- 526 aeraque fulgent Sole lacessita; 9. 809 saxis solida aerafatiscunt. (c) Of pieces of bronze : Verg. G. 4. 173 j//7f/t"«//rt tingujit Aera lacu ; A. 10. 336 clipci Iransverbcrat aera ; 11.329 710s aera, manus, navalia demus {aera for beaks of ships, etc.). (d)
Of bronze statues or works of art in bronze : Verg. G. 2. 464 Ephyrcia aera ; G. i. 480 aeraque sudant ; A. 6. 847 sf irantia aera ; so Ilor. more than once ; Prop. 3. 4 (5). 6 nee viiser aera paro
62 Aes.
clade, Corin/ke, liia] Quint. 8. 2. 8 Corinthia aera accipimus; Tac. D. 1 1 ; A. 3. 53 aeris iahularuviqtie miracula. (e) Of the bronze bars or bolts of a gate : Lucr. 2. 450 aeraque quae clauslris restantia vociferantiir. (f) Of brass hooks: Ov. Pont. 2. 7. 10 omnibus unca cibis aera subesse putat. (g) Of cymbals or other brass instruments: Verg. G. 4. 151 Curetum crepitantia . . . aera; A. 3. Ill Corybanlia; Hor. i. C. 16. 8 acuta Sic geminant Corybantes aera; Petron. 23 aera concrepans. (h) Of a copper coin: in the common formula per aes et libram; Varro L. L. 9. 83 pro assibus nonnimquam aes dicebant antiqui, a quo dicimus assem tenenles ''Hoc ab aere aeneaque libra' et ' mille aeris legasse;' luv. 2. 152 qui nondum aere lavantur. 3. Met., money, the Roman coinage
being originally in copper : very common in all Latin. (a) C. I. L. I. 61. 181 airid, aire moltaticod ; ib. 1 148 aere Martio ; Ter. Ph. 511 aere emptam meo; Lucil. 29. 79 aeris rationes; Varro L. L, 5. 181 aes militare; Cic. Rose. Com. 28 duodecim milia aeris; Liv. 24. 8. II usque ad decies aeris. Aes grave was the copper coinage cast according to the standard of the libra : Marquardt Handb. 2. p. 8 ; Liv, 4. 60. 6 quia 7ionduni arge7itum signatum erat, aes grave plaustris convehentes ; see Fest. p. 98 M. Aere dirui, to be mulcted of one's payment: Cic. Verr. 5. 33 aere dirutus est; Fest. p. 69 M dirutum aere militem dicebant antiqui, cui stipefidiuj7i ignomirtiae causa nan erat datum. (b) In pi., moneys, payment : Lex Rep. C.I.L. 1. 198. 77 aera stipendiaquc omnia eis merita sunto ; Cato Orat. 64 aerum, aeri- bus {equestria aera) ; Lucil. 29. 80 aera summai; Cic. Verr. 5. 33 aera ilia Vetera (= military service) ; Hor. A. P. 345 hie meret aera liber Sosiis, and elsewhere; C. I. L. 3. 4486, 4577; comp. Gaius 4. 27 aes equestre, hordearium (money to buy a horse, buy barley) ; aes mili- tare = soldiers' pay. 4. Debt : Legg. XIL 3. i W aeris confessi. In this sense the common and very constant phrase is aes alienum, which is used as an equivalent for debt in many construcdons : Cic. sa}'S aes alienum habere, contrahere, dissolvere, alicui obicere ; aes alienum crescit ; in aere alieno esse ; and adds adj., as 7?iagnum, 7iullu77i, aes alie7iu7n habere ; so mag7iitudo, cumulus ncris ahhii ; aere alieno per di,premi ; propter aes alienum ire ad ar7?ia; so Sail. aes alienum grande conflaverat ; aes alientwi i7ige7is per 077i7ies terras ; Caes. and all Latin. 0pp. 7neo sum ?'« aere = I am in no man's debt; Hor. 2. Epist. 2. 12 77ieo sum pauper ?'« ae7'e. Met. in alicuius aere esse = to belong to a person : Cic. Fam. 13. 62 te in meo aere £sse (that you are one of my friends) ; so ib. Fam. 15. 14. i. 5. Met., aes = value: Sen. Ep. 87. 17 virtus . . . sua aere ce7isetur (is
Aeschrionion — Aeserninus. 6^
estimated at its own value) ; Gell. i8. 5. 6 ynafiistnan alicnius aeris. (The same word as Skt. dyas (neut.), metal ; Goth. 0/3 or ais ; mod. Germ. mf«.)
Aeschridnidn {a\<Txpi6viov), t. t. in Grammar for a metre con- sistint^ of two iambic dimeter catalectics : Mar. Vict. p. 105 K ; Atil. Fort. p. 293 K; from the name of its inventor, Aeschrion.
Aeschrddora (.AiVxpoScopa), n. p. f.: Plaut. Ps. 196 R.
Aesclir616gia (alrrxpoXoyia) = vitio composiiionis inverecunda oratio : Diom. p. 450 K.
Aeschyleus, adj. from Aeschylus, wrongly shortened from the Greek AiVxi'Xfior : Prop. 2. 34 b. 41 Aeschyleo componere verba coturno.
Aesculapius, the Latin equivalent for the Greek 'Ao-zcXijTrtor, the t( of the second syllable being due to the Latin pronunciation : Plaut. Cure. 13; Ter. Hec. 338, etc., etc. In C. L L. 2. 173 (Lisbon) written Asclept'us, and so C. L L. 6. 8 and 13 (Rome,
228 A.D.).
Aesculator, a beggar, collector of pence : Gloss. Nom. (Lowe p. 9) aesculator aeris conlector.
Aesculnius, of the wood of the aesculus: Lex Par. Fac. C. L L. I. 577. 2. <) fores clatratas duo cwn postihiis aescuhiieis.
Aesculor, to collect pence : Gloss. Cyrill. xa^'^o^oy^, aesculor : Dosith. p. 430 K.
Aesculus, -i, fem., a kind of oak, distinguished from qiierctis and robur by Plin. 16. 17 quippe cum robur quercumqiie vulgo nasci videarnus, aescidiim non ubiqiie: comp. ib. 16. 11, 25. 218, 219, where it is again mentioned as distinct from quercus and robur : so Vitruv. 7. I. 2 ne commisceantur axes aesculini quercu: comp. ib. 2. 9. 9, whence (or from the authority for it) Pliny borrows. In the popular religion the aesculus was, perhaps on account of its height, sacred to Jupiter : Verg. G. 2. 16 7iemorumque lovis quae maxima frondet Aesculus ; Plin. 12. 3 aesculo lovi dicata. Its wood was \"ery much used in building: Pallad. 12. 15. 2.
Aesernia, name of a town in Samnium : Cic. Att. 8. 11. D. 2 ; Veil. I. 14. 7 ; C. I. L. 6. 2377 (Rome, 136 a.d.) ; and else- where.
Aeserninus, belonging to Aesernia : spelt Aiserniuo C. I. L. 1. 20 (a coin later than 262 b.c): Lucil. 4. 15 M, quoted as a pro- verb by Cic. Q. F. 3. 4. 2 : a cognomen of IM. Marcellus, Cic. Brut. 136 and elsewhere.
64 Aesernius — Aestimatio.
Aesernlus=foreg. : C. I. L. i. 20 Aisernivi, Ahernio.
Aesianus, cogn. m.: C. I. L. 5. 3462 (Verona), 3944 (Arusnates).
Aesius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 5. 4022 (Sirmio) : name of a river on the boixler of Bithynia, Plin. 5. 148.
Aesqullius, nom. m. : C. I. L. i. 1257 (Tegianum).
Aestas : the time given by Varro R. R. i. 28. i is ninety-four days from INIay 9 (a. d. VII Id. Mai.).
Aestifluus, -a, -um, adj., streaming with billows or tide: Anth. Lat, 720. 3 R quaeqtie sitb aestifliiis Thetis lunida continet antris.
Aestimabilis, -e, adj. verb from aestimo: as philosophical t. t. ^ a^'iav e'xoi^, what has worth or value: Cic. Fin. 3. 20.
Aestimatio, -onis (aestimo). 1. A valuing, valuation :
estimation of a thing at its money value: Varro L. L. 5. 177 aestimationis causa ; Cic. Verr. 3 passim, and elsewhere ; aest. fru77ienii = the determining how much money should be paid in lieu of corn; Caes. C. i. 87 aest. aeqtiam facere; G. 6. 19 aestiinatione facta; C. 3. i ; Cic. Fam. 13. 8. 2 a M. Laberio C. Albinus praedia in aesti?>iationem accepit ; Liv. 7. 21. 8 aestimatio aequis rerum pretiis ; 32. 10. 3 aestimatio ceterorum aeqtio arbitrio; Gaius 4. 48 aestimatio pecuniaria, valuation of a thing in money; Dig. 45. I. 54 aesti?nationem operae offer re, to offer a money equiva- lent for the work. And often in Jurisc. = a valuation. 2. An assessment, of damages, or of the sum to be paid as damages : Lex Rep. 198. 4, etc., and often in Latin, litis aesti?natio, the assess- ment of damages made after argument pro and coti in cases of repetundae ; Cic. Clu. 116; Rab. Post. 11 {si I. c), etc.; Liv. 4. 30. 3 kgem ds midtarum aestimatione ; Gaius 3. 212 aest. damni. With following verbal clause, Dig. 50. 17. 191 aestimatio praesidis Pr. est, quatenus, etc. So without viultae, damni, or the like, a statement of penalties: Dig. 48. 19. 41 nee sajie verisimile est delictum mium eadem lege variis aestimatioiiihus coerceri. 3. An estimate of expense : Vitruv. 10. praef. i tradita aestimatione 7nagistratui bona eiiis {architecti) obligantur . . . non amplius quam qiiarta ad aestima- lionem adiciejida. 4. As 1. 1. in the law of debtor and creditor, a payment by valuation, i. e. by offering a piece of property (say land) as an equivalent for money owed: Cic. Alt. 12. 25. i numerato malim quatn aestimatione (in ready money rather than something offered at a valuation). So a creditor is said aestimatioitem accipere, i. e. to accept only a certain proportion of the debt on a valuation : Cic. Fam. 9. 16. 7 met. no7i sis eo consilio ut cii?n fue hospitio recipias,
Aestimatorius — Aestuarium. 6^
aes/ma/ionem ie aliquam putes accipere (i.e. that you are undergoing any loss) ; Fam. 5. 20. 9 nolles a me hoc tempore aestimationem accipere. 5. In concrete sense, the property offered in lieu of a money pay- ment : Cic. Fam. 9.18.4 aestimaliones ttias vendere. 6. Opinion, estimation: Tac. H. i. 14 ex aestiviatione recta severus, Jeter ins interpretaniibus tristior hahebatur ; Veil. 2. 127.3 infra aliorum aest i- matio7ies se metiens. 7. So = a person's character : Paul. Sent. 5. 4. 15 aestimatio enim hoc rnodo lacdilur ; so Dig. 22. 5. 3. i {si I. c). 8. Value, worth of a thing: Catull. 12. 12 quod non me movet aestimatione. 9. As philosophical t. t. =a|/a, value : Cic. Fin. 3. 20 aestimatione, qiiam illi d^tav vacant. 10. Money value, price (concr.) : Dig. 23. 3. 10. 6 utrum petere malit rem, aestima- tionejnve; 23. 3. 17. i quid repeti debeat ; utrum res an aestimatio] so Gaius 2. 205, 262.
Aestimatorius, -a, -um (aestimator) : legal t. t. Actio aesti- matoria or indicium acst. : a suit to determine doubtful points in a contract, as e. g. what qualities a slave has been warranted to possess: Dig. 19. 3. i. praef ; 21. i. 43. 6; 44. 2; 48. 2 : also called iudicium or actio quo minor is.
Aestimia, -ae = aestimatio in old Latin : Fcst. p. 26 ' acstimias' acstimationes ; Gloss, ap. Lowe P. G. p. 15 note.
Aestlmium = foreg., Gloss. Ball. ; Gloss. Leid. ined. ap. Lowe Gloss. Nom. etc. p. 137 : see also P. G. 1. c. Often in Grom., e.g. Lib. Col. p. 211 Lachm./ro acstimio ubcrtatis.
Aestimo has been identified by Bezzenberger with al(T6avo\i.ai : but the meaning of the word, to estimate a thing at its money value, set a price upon it, shows that it must be connected with acs through a lost word aes-timus or acs-timum.
Aestivum, subst., summer: Itin. Alex. c. 38. p. 20. i5(Volkm.) quicquid de fluviis vel rivis ab aestivo in lacunis crat ; Anthim. c. 50 et aestivo et hiberno ; Greg. Tur. De cursu stcll. § 67 in aestivo (Ronsch S. B. p. 6). Hence Spanish and Portuguese estio.
Aestuarium, -i, subst. n. : 1. a place where the tide comes
in and goes out, according to a gloss ap. Fest. p. 380, 382 I\I aestuaria sunt omnia qua mare vicissim turn accedit, turn recedit. 2. More properly, a place which is filled and emptied as the tide comes in and out : Varro L. L. 9. 26 tibro quern de aestuariis feci'. Caes. G. 2. 28 in aestuaria ac paludes; 3. 9 pedes tria esse itinera concisa aestuariis; Varro R. R. 3. 17. 8 (of artificial tanks into which the water was let in at intervals) quod aestuaria idonea 7ion
F
66 Aestuatio — Aeternus.
halebat; Plin. 5. 3 adfwulitur autcm acsliiarmm e mari jlexiioso mcaltt; 3. 151 vadoso 77iari acstiiariisque tenui alveo in!ercursantibus\ Plin. Epist. 9. 33. 2 navigabile siagnum ex quo in modum fluminis aestuarium emergit ; so often Tac. with gen., A. 14. 32 in acstuario Tamesae (the mouth of the Thames). 3. An artificial passage
or vent for air: Vitruv. 8. 7. 14 secundimi puiciim dextra ac sinistra dcfodiantur aesfitaria, whence Plin. 31. 49,
Aestuatio, -onis {aesiud) : doubt, trouble of mind : Cassiodor. Hist. Trip. 3. 8 ; 7. i ; 9. 45.
Aestiiosus, from acs/us in the sense of tide : full of currents, moved to and fro with the tide: Plaut. Bacch. 471 'K ac quae aceri-iime acshwsa apsorbet ubi quemque atiigil (with her dangerous currents) ; True. 350 R sed aesluosas sentio aperiri/ores, Quae ap- sorbent quicquid venit inter pcssulos; Hor. i. C. 22. 5 Syrtes aestuosas) ib. 2. 7. 16 /re tis aestuosis.
Aetas : the old form aevitas occurs Legg. XII. i. i Wordsworth ; Varro Tithonus i ; Cic. Legg. 3. 7 ; Arnob. 2. 22, 5. 8 ; Chalcid. Int. Tim. 38 B. 1. The use of this word in the sense of life,
with the additional notion of the enjoyment to be had in it, deserves notice: Plaut. Pseud. 515 R te aetatem impune habiturum; ib. 1 132 b R qui se suamque aetatem bene cur ant; Men. 675 R sibi inimiciis magis quam aetati tuae; True. 869 R aetatem qui uni cubili ?7unquam committimt suam (their youth) ; Ter. Hec. 334 aliquid tulisse mali capiti atque aetati illorum. 2. Phrase in
actate, used apparently in moral reflections, = as life goes, as things are : Plaut. Trin. 24 amicum castigare ob meritam noxiam . . . in aetate utile est; ib. 462 et stulte facer e et stulte /abularier, Utru?nqne, Lesbonice, in aetate baud bonum est; conip.Ter.And.6i in vita utile est.
Aeternalis, eternal : C. I. L. 6. 2830 (Rome) cohors praetor ia Pliitippiana aeternalis (virtually = imperial); ib. 3651 domus aeternalis (the imperial family); Vulg. Ps. 23. 7, 9 portae aeternaks; and else- where in Vulg. and late Latin.
Aeternus : 1. the form aeviternus is found Varro Pseu-
daeneas, per aeviternam hominum domum tellurem ; C. I. L. 6. 141 7 (Rome, 217 A. D.) aeviterniim tempus. 2. Aeternus, like aeter-
nalis, was employed as a title of the emperors: C. I. L. 2. 2203. 2205; 6. 216. 1676 ; and of a legion or cohort, C. I. L. 6. 793. 2461. 3404 and elsewhere. 3. Aeternum and in aeternum
are used as the adv. from the Augustan age onwards : in acterna C. I. L. 6. 2160 (Rome, 400 a.d.); ib. 2579.
Aether — Aetoma. (^i
Aether = Greek alBr]^ : gen. ae//ien's, but sometimes aether os, as Stat. Silv. 4. 2. 25 ; Theb. 3. 525: ace. aetherd ; but aethcrem Tert. Marc. I. 13; Serv. A. i. 58; aethera heterocl. n. p. in Venantius Fortunatus and other late authors (Neue i. p. 683). 1. As tech-
nical term in natural i)hilosophy; first apparently adopted as a Latin word by Cicero (N. D. 2. 91 dicaturque tam ' aether' Latme, quam dicitur ' aer' qiiamqtiam interpretatiir Pactivius). The highest and purest stratum of the atmosphere : Lucr. 5. 495-508, where notice liquidissimiis aether Atque levissi'mus aerias super infliiit auras; so exactly Cic. N. D. 2. 84, 9 1 ; so Vitruv. 9.4. 16; Ov. M. i. 68. In this sense synonymous with caelum, Enn. Sat. 3 liquidas pilatasque aether is or as ; A. 520 clamor — ad aether a vagit; Pacuv. 89 id quod nostri caelum tJiemorafit, Grai perhibejjt aethera ; so perhaps Varro Dolium aut Seria, in ohliquo aethere = each; Cic. N. D. 2. loi restat ultimus et a domiciliis nostris altissimus, omnia cingens et coercens caeli cample xus, qui idem aether vocatur, extrema or a et deiermittatio mundi: comp. N. D. i. 40 aethera {Chrysippus) esse disputat quern homines lovem appellant; and so elsewhere ; often in poets simply = caehim; Verg., Hor., Ov. jM. 15. 144 ipsumque recluda?n Aethera.
2. In general sense = the sky, heaven, the upper regions of the atmosphere; soLucil. i. i aetheris ac terrae genitabile quacrere Icmpus; and even Lucr. 2. 11 15 ; i. 2^0 pereimt imhres ubi eos pater aether In gremiimi matris terrai praecipitavit; where Munro says 'this notion ' (of the aether as father and earth as mother) ' has induced Lucretius here and elsewhere, when he speaks of f?^'///*-/-/!;?^ nubes?iX\A the like, to forget or suppress for a moment his calm, cloudless, un- sullied ether, and to confound it with this upper generator of heat and rain : other poets follow Lucretius.' Verg. uses ' aether ' passim in this sense; so Ov. M. i. 269; F. 3. 286; Sen. Phaedr. 683.
3. The upper air, or light, as opposed to the regions under the earth : Verg. A. 6. 436 quam vellent aethere in alto lam nunc pauper ieni et magnos durare labor es ; 11. 104 nullum cum viclis certamen et aethere cassis. 4. The light or sheen sunounding a god : Val. FI. 5. 183 aethere plena corusco Pallas.
AetiSlogia (aiTioKoyia), a rhetorical figure, the statement of reasons : Rutil. Lup. 2. p. 21, Halm (R. L. M.) hoc schema efficitur raticne brevi et sententiosa, ita ut quod dubium est ad certam fidem adduci videatur ; Isid. 2. 21. 39; al. Rhet.
Aetoma (afVw/ua), declined as if of the first declension, with gen. -ae ; a gable : C. I. L. 3. 1 1 74. 1 2 1 2 (Carlsburg).
F 2
68 Aetrilius — AflPectatio.
Aetrilius, nom. m.: C. I. L, 6. 1511 (Rome, 200 a. d.).
Aetrius, Aetria, nomina: C, I. L. 6. 1058, ii. 92 (Rome, 210 A. D.) ; ib. 2379, iv. 27 (Rome, 144 a. d.) ; 3449 (Rome); C. I. L. 5. 2496 (Ateste); I. R. N. 1171 (Aeclanum) ; cogn. m., I. R. N. 7067 (now at Naples).
Aeveianius, nom. m. : C. I. L. 5. 6674 (Vercellae).
Aeveius, Aeveia, nomina : C. I. L. 5. 6674 (Vercellae).
Aevilonius, Aevilonia, nomina: C. I. L. 5. 6528 a, 6530 (Novara).
Affabulatio (adf-) = inijivBiov, the moral of a story : Prise. De Praeex. Rhet. i (Halm R. L. I\I. p. 552).
Afifatim = ad fatim, adv. to the point of satisfaction. 1.
enough, sufficiently : Liv. Andr. Od. 46 W (or Com. 5 Rib.) ad fatim edi, bibi, lusi; Plaut. Poen. 534 R bibas . . . usque ad fatim ; Trin. 1 185 miseria una uni quidemst homini ad fati?)i; Bacch. 497 R ad fatim Mnesilocho cur as ; Cic. Att. 2. 16.3 puto me Dicaearcho ad fatim satis fecisse ; Att. 4. 16. 3 and elsewhere in his letters; N. D. 2. 127 quibus . . . ad fatim vescuntur; Sail. I. 43. 3 commeatum ad fatim {par are) ; Cic. Tusc. 2. 24 in translation from Aeschylus, satiata ad fatim ; Liv. 9. 35. 4 sax is quibus ad fatim locus ipse armabat; Plin. 1 8. 148 de cytiso . . . ad fatim diximus ; Tac. A. 4. 6() praeteritaque ei ij2sta7ttia, quorum ad fatijn copia . . . cummat ; Suet. Nero 29 cum ad fatim desaevisset ; Amm. 14. 6. 20 ad fatim muJtae. 2. Used
substantivally with gen. of the thing of which there is enough : Plaut. INIen. 456 R ad fatim hojiiinumst] INIil. 975 Rib. ad fatim est diviti- arum; Liv. 32. 16. 10 ad fatim viateriae; 34. 26. 10 quorum ad fatim erat ; lustin. i. 8. 4 ad fatim viiii reliquit. And in Cod. Theod. (From ad and lost wordfatis = weariness : Paul. p. 1 1 M Terentius ad fati7n dixit pro eo qtiod est ad lassitudinein : the same base appears in fatigo and perhaps in fatisco and fessus. ' Fatim ' abundanter dicimus Serv. A. i. 123. Cell. 6. 7 notices the accent dd fatim as exceptional, which shows that the word was commonly pronounced adfati7ii.)
Aflfectatio, -onis (adf-), {adfecto). 1. a striving after,
aiming at a thing: with gen.: Val. INIax. 9. i. ->, graviorurn operum negata adfectatio ; Sen. Epist. 89. 4 phiJosophia sapientiae amor est et adfectatio; Plin. 11. 154 decoris adfectatio; T^^H. i. 80 ad- fectatio quietis ift tumultum evaluit (the intentional choosing of a quiet time) ; Sueton. Tit. 9 in adfectatione imperii convictos. 2. In
style, a straining after or affectation of a particular manner : Quint.
AfFectio — Affectus. 69
II. I. 32 siccum et soUicitwn dconiraclum diccndi proposihim phrum- que adfeciatio7ie ipsa sever itatis mvisian est; i praef. 23 nimiae siibiili- tatis adfedaiione ; Suet. Gramm. 10 pn'scorum verborum adfectaiione.
3. Anxious assertion of a claim to something : Tag. G. 28 Treveri et Nervii circa adfcctaiionem Germanicae origiiiis ultro ambitiosi sunt.
4. Abs., straining after effect : especially in regard to literary style : Quint. 8. I. 2 u?iius ad/eclatione verbi {2i^QCi2i\\on in a single word); and often in Quint., e.g. 10. i. 82 illajn iucunditatem inad/ectatam, sed quam nulla consequi adfeciatio possit; ib. 8. 3. 27 si non appareat adfectaiio ; 8. 3. 56 mala adfectatio translates KaKo^rjXov and elsewhere ; Suet. Tib. 70 adfectatione et morositate nimia obscu- rabat stihim.
Affectio (adf-), in the sense of tenderness: C I. L. 9. 1592 (the age of Commodus) patri rarae adfectionis; ib. 161 2 (both at Beneventum).
Affectivus (adf-). 1. expressive of desire or feeling: Prise.
2. p. 130 K verba . . . voluntaria {id est adfectiva) . . . ut volo . . . cupio . . . studco. 2. = Transitive ; aflfecting a thing : Boeth.
Arist. Top. I. 13. p. 670.
Affectus, -us (adf-), (afficio). 1. As translation of the Greek
^6os, disposition, settled habit : Cic. Tusc. 5. 47 qualis cuiusqtie animi adfectus est, talis est homo: adfectus animi in bo7io viro lauda- bilis. 2. Disposition, state of feeling: Ov. Trist. 5. 2. 8 ad-
fectusque afiimi, qui fiiit ante, manet ', Tac^IJ. i. 15 inrumpct adulatio, blajiditiae, pessimum vcri adfectus vcnenum ; 1.72 diver so adfectu., quibiis odium Neronis inerat et quibus desiderium ; luv. 8. 153 hospitis adfectu. 3. Of the body, a condition, affection :
Gels. 2. 15 in quibus affect ibus ca quoque genera exercitationuyn neccssaria sunt; ib. 3. 18 init. supcrsunt alii corporis affectus qui huic {/ebri) superveniunt . 4. A social condition : Cod. Theod.
4. 8. 7 in liber talis adfectu cjim