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Imprimatur,

J. BROWNE,

Vice-Can. Oxon. Apr. a,. 1753.

TlBmWi

A DISSERTATION

CONCERNING THE USE

OF SEA WATER In DISEASES of the GLANDS, &c.

TO WHICH IS ADDED

An' EPISTOLARY DISSERTATION To R. Pre win, M. -D.

By Richard Russell, M.D. & F.R.S.

Eurip. Iphigen. in Taur.

OXFORD,

Printed atthe Theatre: and Sold by Ja me s Fletcher in the Turl, and J. and J. Ritingtoh in St. P Church -Yard, London. MDCCLIII.

TO HIS GRACE

the DUKE of NEWCASTLE

&c. &c. &c.

THIS WORK

IS HUMBLY INSCRIBED

BY HIS GRACE'S

MOST OBEDIENT SERVANT

Richard Russell.

[v]

PREFACE.

/Offer to the Reader's Perufal in the following Sheets fome Cafes, which were cured by Sea Water >, wherein I have endeavoured to ex- plain and illujlrate, as far as I am able, by what Ways it produces its good Effects ; in fubduing Dif- eafes of the Glands. But I have left whatever elfe may lead to a more accurate Knowledge of it, (and info great a Medicine Ifhould think the Field like- ly to be very extenfive,) to the ingenious Experi- ments ofthofe who come after me.

However, as it is not foreign to my prefent Purpofe, I fhall premife fome few Obfervations, upon the Nature of Sea Water itfelf, and the dif- ferent Parts of which it is compofed; becaufe fuch a Confideration may probably lead us to fome ratio- nal Conjecture of the Benefits we ought to expect from its Afijijlance.

And,

[ vi ]

And, as my Inquiries on this Head have been particularly ajjifted by the curious Experiments of the ingenious and learned Dr. Hales, Dr. Boer- haave, Dr. Seip, Count Marsilli, Dr. Gu i dot, and others , fa, to avoid repeating Quo- tations, I make my Acknowledgments in this Place, for ufng very often their own Words in the Expe- riments I have cited. In the next Place, I cannot without the greatejl Ingratitude leave unmentioned my very worthy Friends, Dr. Frewin, Dr. Lee, Dr.WiLMOT, and Dr. Lewis, Gentlemen of ve- ry great Eminence in the Prof ef ion ; under whofe Advice, Encouragement, and Afjifance, I have undertaken and gone through with this Work : I mujl likewife confefs my Obligations to my very good Friend, MhJer.Markland; who kindly ajjifted in the Correction, before it went to the Prefs. But to return.

Water ofitfelf is inftpid, inodorous, and when fprinkled upon the Eye gives no Pain-, but isf?7iooth and f exile, and cannot in any Ways affeff our Nerves. Upon this Account it is bejl fitted to dif- folve all Salts, render themfiuid, and be their com- mon Menftruum. And, though the Cryjlals of Sea Salt are of a pyramidal Form, thofe of Salt Gem of a cubic, thofe of Nitre of a prifmatic, Vitriol

and

[ vii ]

end Alum of another Make ; yet Water, by loof- eni?7g, and difuniting their Parts, and making them lejs cohere, will fufpend them all in one com- mon Menftruum.

Hence it is fo well fitted to take up the fapona- ceous, and gum?ny Particles of Bodies, and by the Heat of the Sun atting upon it, becomes the great Help in all natural, as well as artificial, Extrac- tions. And how highly faturated Sea Water is with Salts, is well known to the Makers of Saif> who, before they depofite their Brine, boy I it till it will fufpend an Egg.

That great Body of Water therefore, which we call the Sea, and which is rolled with Jiich Violence by Tempejis round the World, pqfiing over all the fubmar'me Plants, Fiji:, Salts, Minerals, and in JJjort, whatfoever elfe is found betwixt Shore and Shore, mufi probably wajh off fome parts of the whole, and be impregnated, or faturated with the Tranfpiration, if I may fo term it, of all the Bodies it paffes over : the finefl Parts of which are perpe- tually flying off in Steams, and attempting to efcape to the outward Air, till they are entangled by the Sea, and make Part of its Compofition. Wlnlfi the Salts alfo are every Moment imparting fome of their Subfiances to enrich it, and keep it from Putrefac- tion. , By

[ viii ]

By thefe Means this Fluid contraBs a greater Soapynefs, or UnBuofity, than common Water ; and the whole ColleBion of it being pervaded by the fuU phureous Steams of Bodies ', which pafs through it, feem to conflitute that Fluid we call Sea Water, which was intended by the great Author of all Things, to be the common Guardian againjl Putre- faction, and the Corruption of Bodies. For in Countries where the Heat of the Sun is greatejl, and tends mojl to corrupt Fluids, there the Sea is faltejl ; as thofe obferve, who have been under the Line.

This grand ColleBion of Waters, thus preferred from PutrefaBion by its Salts, &c. ferves the Pur- pofes of Providence in various Ways. The Sun, exhaling and feparating the frejh Water from the Salt in a gentle Manner, takes up with it a great Proportion of fulphureous and nitrous Particles, which being circulated with the Vapours in the Air, and hurried over vajl TraBs of Land, and Ocean, very likely promote the various Changes which are made in the Air : And when they have don? their Duty there are returned back in tepid Dews, to moijlen and refrejh the Land and Herbage ; or elfe defend in Rain, Hail, or Snow, in large Quan- tities, to fill the Refervoirs with frejh Water for

the

[ix]

the Fijh and Cattle ; and tofupply the Springs with the purejl Streams for the life of Men : The Re- dundancy of all which is emptied into Rivers, a?jd returned back to the Sea, their common Parent. And thus the Order of Things feems to be prefer- red.

Having premifed thus much in general, let us fee what Naturalifis, Phyficians, and Chemiftsy have obferved concerning its Water ; and we fall find, from them, the diftinguifing Charafteriftics to be four ; — The firjl, Saltness. — Second, Bitterness. — Third, Nitrosity. — Fourth, Unctuosity.

The fir f Quality is fo evident, that it cannot ef- cape any one's Obfervation : And Dr. Hales com- putes, there is about five Ounces and an half of Salt in one Gallon of Sea Water. So that one Pint of Sea Water contains near five Drams and an half of Salt -, befides the bitter oily Bitumen, and other Materials of which it is compounded. And this is the Dofe which ufually anfwers^ in Adults-, and purges three or four Times brifkly.

This Salt feems to be compofed of an Acid of a peadiar Kind, and a mineral Alkali, as Chemi/ls have obferved; the Acid Portion being fo far en-

b tangled,

tangled, and involved, in the other, as hardly to be able to exert its Virtues in a concrete Form: and isfojixt in its Nature as not to yield to Putre- faction, which is the Reafon it is Jo effectual a Preferver of other Bodies. And the Spirit of Salt fo greatly refifis Putrefaction, that Dr. Hales fays, three Drops of the Spirit to one Ounce of Wa- ter will preferve Flejh from finking a confidera- lle Time. And, in another Experiment he made, of putting fome raw Beef into bad difiilledSea Wa- ter, the Dr. fays, the refringent Quality of the Water was Jo great, and contracted the Blood Vefj'els fo much, that Blood could not ifjue out of them.

The fecond Charafterijlic is its Bitterness, which it is imagined to receive from the bituminous Parts of the Earth, which lye under it -, whofe fulphureous Steams, from numberlefs Spiracula, pof- fibly are forced out into it by fubterraneous Fires, and impregnate it, as the Steams of Sulphur per- vade Wine. And this is the more probable, as the Sea Water is much more bitter at a confiderable Depth than near the Surface.

This fulphureous Bitumen rifes fo frongly in Dif- tillation, that Count Mar sill ijays, it is impof- Jible to drink it difilled, from the Quantity ^Bi- tumen

[xi]

tumen that is in it, which is more difagreable than the Salt. He fays alfo, this Bitumen is in fo great Plenty in the Mediterranean Sea, and more parti- cularly in the Thracian Sea, when calm, and in fuch Abundance in the Eaft Indian Sea, that it is feen fometimes fwimming on the Surface of the Wa- ter 5 which he fuppofes to come partly from Coal Mines, and partly alfo from a Petroleum, which is found in many Parts of the Earth.

He dijlilled likewife fome mineral Coals, and found that fourty Grains of the oily, volatile, Spi- rit of Coals, put into a Quart of Water which was made as fait as Sea Water, ?nade it as bitter as the Surface-Sea-Water ; and that fifty Grains made it as bitter as the Deep-Sea-Water.

Thefe bituminous, andfulphureous Particles, may pofjibly afjijl the f aline ones, in bringing about that happy EffeB Sea Water has in dijjbhing Tumours. For Phyficians have always ejleemed Bitumen to be a refolutive Medicine, containing a Volatile Salt, fome Sulphur, and a little Earth. Omnia autem bituminofa Corpora Vim calefaciendi, & difcu- tiendi habent ; unde ad diffipandos Humores frigidos in Paralyticis, Epilepticis, iimilefque Affedtus, Thermae, Fontefque medicati, quiBi-

b 2 tumen

[ fcfi.l

tumen & Sulphur ferunt, utiliter adhiben-

tura,

From what isfaid above, we find the Bitternefs of Sea Water owing to its being highly impregnated with an oily, volatile, Spirit offome Kind, whofe Qualities can be known only by their Effects.

The third CharaBer is its Nitrosity. Dr. Hales, upon feme Experiments he has made, finds, that the bitter Salt, of which there is fo great Quantity in the Sea Water, is partly nitrous ; and thinks it no Wonder, this nitrous Salt Jhould be form- ed in the bitter Salt and oily Bitumen of the Sea. He imagines alfe, this bitter Salt enters much into the Compofition of Plants, and Animals ; fo that he concludes there is not only a perfeB Sea Salt, tut a more imperfeB bitter Salt, and afulphureous Bitumen, in Sea Water.

From this fulphureous Bitumen he thinks it highly probable, that the fubtile Sulphur , with which the Air, Dew, Rain, &c. are impregnated, is drawn up by the Heat of the Sun ; and is what makes them fo kindly and congenial for the Vegeta- tion of all Plants. It has been obferved alfe, that

a. Epitom. Phyficj? Sennert. p. 52.

Sea

[ xiiI ]

Sea Water will not extinguijh Fire fo well asfrefj Water. The Reafon of which Naturalijls have af- figned to the great Store of nitrous Particles that are in Sea Water -, Nitre conffting of an oily, fa- line, and volatile Subftance. To which we may add, from the foregoing Account, its great Quan- tity of bituminous and Jidphureous Particles -y if the Thing be faB, that it will not quench Fire fo well asfrefo Water , ideo Lucernas melius ardent Sale inje£loa. And Plutarch, in the Beghining of his Book of natural Quejlions, cites this antient Proverb , Aquam marinam in Flammam ne in- jicias ; becaufe, as he obferves in the fame Place, of its Unctuosity.

Which is its laft CharaBeriftic. Befides other Things, Count Marsilli obferves, there is a Soa- py nefs or Uncluo/ity in Sea Water, when dijlilled; and he fays two Pounds of dijlilled Sea Water will not dijfolve fo much Salt by half a Dram, as the fame Portion of Fountain Water, thd the fpecifc Gravities of both are the fame : and this he thinks is owing to its Uncluo/ity. The Antients alfo ob- served this Fatnefs or VnBuofity in Salt , Eft e- tiam in Sale Pinguetudo, quod miremur b : And Pere Bourzes fays1 he has obferved this Fatnefs,

a Macroeius. 7. Saturnal. h Pliny, L. 31. Cap. 7.

or

[ xiv ]

or Undluojity of fait Water ; to be Jo great in fome Parts of the main Sea, that if one only dip Linnen into the Sea, and draw it up, it will be clammy ; and when the Wake, or Way of the Ship was bright eji, the Water was more fat, and glutinous, and the Linnen, moijlened in it, produced a great deal of Light, if it was moved brifkly \

This Vifcofity or TJncluofity in Sea Water is fo evident, that Dr. Hales fays, he found by the moji exact and repeated Dif illations, that the Wa- ter, tho freed from its Salt, yet contained a Kind of vifcous, glewy Matter, which is to be perceived fticking to the Sides of the Veffel% when the Water is troubled, and which Jlowly precipitates to the Bottom, when the Bottle is not fhaken. This is not found in dijlilled Fountain Water, Again, this Unctuofity is evident from its Salt. For, take the purejl common Salt, and let it melt in a moijl Air, and it will depofte its Earth, with an undtuous, jharp, auflere Liquor.

However, beyond all Doubt Salts have a great Share in the Cures done by medicinal Waters. They are to be found in Bath Waters, as Dr. Guidot'j Experiments Jhew ; and Dr. Sei? found

a See Vol. yh. Letters of the Miffionery Jefuits. Paris Edition, in Qttavo. \

a large

[XV]

a large Quantity of white > bitter Salt, in the Pyr- mont Waters.

Thefe, and the ma?iy other Qualities which evi- dently appear in Sea Water, may very jujlly raife in us the greatejl Hopes and Expectations, that from this Part of Nature alfo feme fgnal Advantages may arife, to the Praclice of Phyfic, and the ge- neral Good of Mankind.

A DISS E RTATION

UPON

GLANDULAR CONSUMPTIONS,

O R

The Ufe of S e a W a t e r

i N

Difeafes of the Glands.

— — ' V

Sect. I.

THE Consumptions which are fo frequent in our Ifland, and lay the Phyficians to whofe Care they fall, under almoft infuperable Difficulties ; generally have for their Caufes long Fluxions upon the tracheal, pulmonary, and other internal Glands. And this Difeafe is frequently advanced fo far, before the Phyiician is applied to, that it no longer remains the Obje£t of his Art. For, with what Juftice can the Phyfician be expected to effed: any Thing towards preferring the Veffels from

A being

2 On the Use

being burft, or the Texture of the Fluids from a *bad unhealthy State, when he finds thofe Veffels broken, oftentimes eroded, and a Lofs of Subftance in fome Part or other moft neceffary to the Con- tinuance of Life, which no Art can re- ftore ; and when the Fluids beiides are poifon'd, by Matter's being abforpt, and carried on in the common Circulation with the Blood. In this Cafe, an extra- ordinary Reftitution of the loft Parts, or indeed a new Creation feems to be ex- pected from him, rather than a Cure.

This has, I fuppofe, been the Foun- dation for fo generally efteeming thefe Cafes fatal ; becaufe the Difeafe has com- monly taken too deep Root, before any Method of Cure is fet on Foot. And I remember once, upon confulting a wor- thy and learned Phyfician for a Friend whole Recovery I very much wiflh'd, his Anfwer was, It is a Glandular Confum- ption : of which all Patients ever did and

< ever

Of Sea Water. 3

ever will dye. And indeed that muft be the Cafe, when the Glands of the Me- fentery, Lungs, and other internal Parts are corrupted and fill'd with Matter.

Under thefe Circumftances, I hope it will not be thought an unprofitable Thing to the Publick, if by introducing the Ufe of Sea Water, in Difeafes of the internal Glands, a Way may be found out to prevent thefe mod dangerous Dif- tempers in the Beginning, and preferve the Lungs, a Bowel of that great Confe- quence, from being fpoil'd and deftroy'd by Apoftemations. I have faid, in the Beginning of thefe Difeafes; becaufe when Matter is once form'd, it is doing an Injury to the Medicine to expert good from it. And on this Rock indeed moft new Medicines fplit; for, by attempt- ing to cure Difeafes which are out of the Power of all Medicine, the Remedy with- out Reafon grows into Difrepute, is re- jected, and laid afide as of no Value,

A 2 even

4 On the Use

even in thofe Cafes, where it is moft ef- ficacious. Thus I have feen Patients drinking Sea Water, when they have been melted down with Heftics, from Matter form'd in the external and in- ternal Glands.

In Cafes of this Nature, which lye be- yond the Reach of Phyfic, what Room is there for a Remedy to gain the leaft De- gree of Reputation, or rather, is there not the ftrongeft Prefumption that it muft fall into Difgrace ? For I don't re- member I ever faw, out of the Subjects I have examin'd after Death, who have been confumptive from purulent Difchar- ges of the external Glands, one fingle In- ftance, where the mefenteric Glands were not infedted, often impoftumated ; and thofe of the Bronchia and Lungs fo ge- nerally fill'd with Matter, that in fome Cafes you could hardly draw the differ- ing Knife a Line without cutting fome of them. And thefe Glands, before they

< were

AS

Tab I

,a

^r-\#

41

Of Sea Wa ter. 5

were open'd, look'd like little granula- ted Bodies fill'd with Matter; and feem'd like the miliary Glands, found in what they call a meajly Hog. I have fub- join'd a Specimen of a difeas'd Hog, in the fir ft Plate.

It reprefents the Lobes of the Lungs and Liver of the Hog, difeas'd in a ve- ry remarkable Manner.

Fig. 1. Part of the a/per a Arteria. Fig. 11. 11. The Lobes of the Lungs,

extreamly full of maturated Tu-

bercules. Fig. hi. The Heart, and a Portion

of the Diaphragm. Fig. iv. iv. The Liver crouded with

an infinite Number of Tumours,

fome containing Matter, and others

Water.

As I hardly ever faw in the fame Sub- ject a Cafe of difeafed Glands fo general, both in the Lungs and in the Liver, it

appear'd

6 On the Use

appeared to me worth engraving. And indeed, Difeafes of the Glands are more frequent, and run to a greater Height, in thefe Animals than in moft others. For which Reafon, the Oriental People avoid as much as poffible the Eating of their Flefh ; and, as that Country is more particularly affecfted with Leprofies, Foul- neffes in the Skin, and indeed with all glandular Difeafes ; for that Reafon, I think it probable, the great Jewish Lawgiver inftituted not only frequent Ablutions, but the abftaining likewife from all Swines Flefh. And, fince thele Tumours of the internal Glands go through the fame Changes, as thofe of the external, they muft be fubje& to the fame Laws ; and will produce dif- ferent Indications under different States of the Tumour. As our Bufinefs there- fore is not to perplex the Reader with Variety of Diftin&ions, but to fhew him how to cure the Difeafe ; I fhall avoid

all

O £ Sea Wa ter, 7

all Niceties of that Sort, and content my- felf with faying, that Paulus £gi- neta calls them, "induratce Glandu- " Ice ;" and JEtius, " Carries fubcan- " didce facile augefcentes> in Membrand " content ce^ feP /# Glanduld fumrnd in2 " duratce^ quce in Collo &c. oriuntur" And thefe Defcriptions are fo perfect, that we need no other.

In the next Place, Authors are very fond of aligning certain Caufes, from whence they derive the Original of thefe Difeafes. This, I think, to be a Matter full of Difficulty and Perplexity, and fhall therefore omit them, as much open to Contention and Difputes, and only mention two Things to dire£t our Enqui- ry. One is, that rickety Children, and thofe who are born weakly, or who have been relaxd, and fpoil'd by bad Nurfing, are moft liable to this Difeafe. The o- ther is, that almoft all the Remedies the Antients found fuccefsful in thefe Cafes,

were

8 On the Use

were fuch as tended to correct Acidities in the primce Vice^ and prepare a fweet edulcorated Chyle, to be receiv'd into the Blood.

But, that this Difeafe is often brought on Children by the Carelefnefs of Nurfes, or perhaps as often by the exceffive Ten- dernefs of Parents, muft, I think, be e- vident to every Obferver. For, how of- ten do we fee the Foundation of a future Confumption laid in the very Cradle? When, at the time Nature intends the Infant fhould be hardned by Degrees to the Inclemency of the Seafons, you find it ftifled almoft with Cloaths, funk with Sweats, kept in a clofe hot Chamber, and permitted to fuck the Mother or Nurfe too long ? During this whole Time, the Bowels of the Child are fretted and teiz'd by an acrid, unfweet Milk ; its Stools are green, acid, and very frequent; till in fome neglected Cafes the Child is drawn into Convulfions, and a fymptomatic E-

c pilepfy

Of Sea Wa t e r. 9

pilepfy enfues. The Nurfe in thefe Cir- cumftances flyes to the Ufe of Syrup of white Poppies, or fome ftronger Opiate, to fecure her own, as well as the In- fant's Repofe.

And here I muft obferve, that in thefe Infant Subje&s, we have given us very ftrong Inftances of the Tranfition, or Shifting, of a Diforder from one Sett of Glands to another. For upon ftriking in of the red Gumm, as the Nurfes call it, or the difappearing of large Difcharges from the Glands behind the Ears, we generally find the Children fall into the Gripes, and a light Diarrhoea comes on : and if that is ftopt by Diafcordium, or other Remedies, the Difeafe appears again in the Skin, or the Diicharge is renew'd, either behind the Ears, or by the Groins, or fome of the larger Emundiories.

But to return to our Remark upon the ill Practice of Nurfes. All the Time the Child is kept dozing with repeated

B Opiates ;

ic On the Use

Opiates, Chylification is dayly injured; and the Habit of Body, perhaps by Na- ture firm, and robuft, is rendered lax, and weak ; the Blood is become ferous, pale, and morbid ; the Glands, deftin'd by Nature to hume£t the Joints, are gradually encreas'd in Bulk; the Heads of the Bones are enlarged ; the Glands of the Mefentery, Thorax, and Neck, are obftruited ; till at length thofe of the Lungs alfo become difeas'd.

In all thefe Cafes, tho' the Redun- dancies, by the Help of the Catamenia^ and other Aids^ may be carried off in a juvenile State ; ycty in a more advan- ced Age, that is, after the forty fifth Year, or when ever thefe Helps ceafe, the Glands, formerly relax'd and vitiated, become obftrudted again, tend to in- flammatory Difeafes, fuppurate, and the Sick dyes of a purulent Confumption^ un- lefs Maturation can be prevented. For, when once Pus is form'd in the Glands,

it

Of Sea Water. ii

it becomes no longer the Subject of the Physician's, but the Surgeon's Art.

I once (aw a Cafe of a Gentleman, to whom I was call'd, after he had a Fit or two, as he call'd it, of an Ague, for which he had taken the Cortex Peruvia- nas, and was better. But, finding ibme he&ic Heat on him, and his Pulfe quick, I imagin'd the Rigours to have been Symptomatic, and that the Fever had form'd fome Matter in the Liver, his Eyes looking a little yellow. He was of a fatt, full Habit of Body, and had known no remarkable Illnefs before. After he had try'd all the cool Febrifuges I could think of, I fent him to London ; from thence he went to Bath ; then return'd to Town again ; and at length came in- to the Country, and died of a purulent Dropjy. Upon Diffedtion we found a large Abfcefs upon the gibbofe Part of the Liver; and fome other obftru&ed Glands which had broke, and fhed out

B 2 a good

12 On the Use

a good Deal of Pus and Lymph into the Abdomen : but the Lungs, tho' begun to be obftrufted, had only fome crude Tubercula in them, without any Matter ; which will ferve to illuftrate how Glands affe6t each other, and arrive at the State of Maturation but by flow Degrees.

I remember likewife feeing a large Tumour, which had a Clufter of dif- eas'd Scirrhous Glands adhering to it. The Tumour itfelf was full of Matter, refembling Bran, and of eight Ounces Weight. The Capfula of the Gland was as thick as that Membrane, which we find in the Turkey's Stomach, and in other granivorous Fowl. It was burft, and con- ftantly fent off the Lymph, which came from the Lymphaticks, by a little Hole beneath the Pap ; and this continued for eight and thirty Years without the Ap- pearance of any bad Symptoms. But, although the Glands, which adher'd to the Tumour, were become perfeftly Scir- rhous,

A z?<

Tab.11

Of Sea Wa t e r. 13

rhous, yet, when the Tenfion was taken off by the above-mention'd Matter find- ing an Outlet, the Tumour remain'd quiet, and without Pain, nor was any Suppuration form'd during the whole Time in any of the adventitious Tu- mours. See the fecond Plate ^ where Part of the Cyftic Tumour dijfeEled equally ', and the fcirrhous Glands , are defer itid.

I have mention'd thefe Cafes, as they evidently fhew from what has been laid down, of how little Ufe Bath Water ^ Sea Water^ or any other Remedy is, where Matter is form'd before the Pa- tient applies for Help. But in fome of thefe Cafes, where there has been a la- tent Tubercle, the Patient is not to be blam'd ; for he is caught, as it were, unawares, even before he fufpe&s the leaft Danger.

We are now to enter upon the Con- fideration of difeas'd Glands, where a general Idea of them will amply fatisfy

our

14 On the Use

our Purpofe. I conceive therefore Dif- eafes of the Glands to take their Rife from any Fluxion, coming upon them fafter than their Tubes can let it pafs ; from whence they fwell, the Capfulce of the Glands become diftended, and yield by little and little to the increasing Tu- mour, till their Veffels are broken, and Pus is form'd ; or fome of the tunicated Tumours, fuch as Steatomay Atheroma, or Meliceris, are produced.

From the Obfervations before made of the antient Medicine in thefe Cafes, and the lax Tone of the Patient's Habit, we may however draw two general Rules. One is, that by directing fuch Medicines as prevent the Produ&ion of Slime and Acidities in the alimentary Tube, we may prepare a more fweet, and healthy Chyle ; fave the Vifcera from being com- prefs'd by Flatulencies ; and thereby ren- der the Liver, Spleen, Pancreas and Me- fenteric Glands, Ids liable to any Ob~

ftru&ions.

Of Sea Wa ter. 15

ftru&ions. The other is, that by the Ufe of Sea Water, and other Helps, the Glands may be fcour'd and cleans'd of their Obftru&ions ; after which, the whole Habit of Body ought to be ftrengthen'd, and render'd firm by cold Bathing in the Sea, that it may be en- abled to refift any new Fluxions.

Hitherto we have fpoken of the Na- ture of a difeas'd Gland in general ; let us now confider it in it's different Sta- ges ; and the firft which offers itfelf to us, is the rece?it Fluxion upon the Gland ; the next, it's State of Augmentation ; the third, it's State of Injlammatio?i ; and laftly, it's terminating in Matter, Difli- pation, Scirrhus, or Cancer. And un- der thefe different Stages, we fhall find different Intentions of Cure. But, as this Treatife wras written chiefly to point out a Method, which might prevent, or cure thefe internal glandular Complaints, we will begin with the Difeafe of the tracheal and pulmonary Glands, In

16 OntheUse

In thofe delicate Habits therefore, where you find the concatenated Glands of the Neck, which run like a Chain of Glandules from the Ears to the Cla- vicules, and are for the mod Part felt depending according to the Longitude of the Blood Veffels of the Neck ; when you find thefe Glands, I fay, large, and knotty, there is great Reafon to fear the internal Glands of the Mefentery, and Lungs, have receiv'd their firft Fluxions. But all the Time no Fever appears, A- perients with Sea Water will be of Ser- vice, bleeding having been premis'd. And this Method fhould be continued, notwithftanding at the firft you find the Glands under a State of Augmentation. For, in Difeafes of the Glands, as their Diftention is by little and little, fo like- wife is their Declenfion. And there muft be fufficient Time allow'd, to deterge and fcour their obftru&ed Tubes, as well as to provide a fafer ,and fitter Dif-

charge

Of Sea Wa ter, 17

charge for thofe Humours, which ob- ftrudt them.

And indeed this Work fhould be done in the mod gentle Manner imaginable; and therefore, the Glands ought by no Means to be ftimulated by large Dofes of Mercurials. For, in obftrudted Glands there is Nothing hurts more than a fud- den, and violent Fluxion of Humours, follicited to the Part by large Dofes of Mercury ; which, if it be given at all, fhould be only in fmall Quantities, and even then purg'd off with Sea Water.

Now as all glandular Secretions in a healthy State are perform'd flowly, and without Trouble ; fo thefe Medicines, which partake of a cauftic Nature, fti- mulate too much, and by wounding the fenfible Parts, occafion Pain, bring on a new Fluxion of Humours, and in- creafe the Tumour. By which Means the Tubercle or difeafed Gland, which might otherwife have been happily dif-

G cufs'd,

1 8 O N T H E U S E

cufs'd, is brought into an inflamed State, fuppurates, and the Cure becomes far more difficult. While on the other Hand, a Patient will bear fuch a Sti- mulus as is produced from Sea Water, without Inconveniency, for fix Months together. And I have had fome obfti- nate Cafes of the Skin, where I have known it taken dayly above a Twelve- month with good Succefs.

I mention this more particularly, be- caufe I think I have feen many Patients hurt by giving large Dofes of Mercury; when otherwife, had it been given in fmall Quantities, and join'd with the Ufe of Sea Water, it might have been of Service. And yet many Cafes will be cur'd by Sea Water, which Mercury will not cure. This puts me in Mind of a Patient I fhew'd many Years ago, I believe about the Year 1731, to Doc- tor Johnson, and Mr. Craddock Surgeon.

The

Of Sea Water. 19

The Gentleman was fo univerf aly af- flicted with a fcorbutic Lepray that he could fcarce bear any Cloaths on ; but was brought down to us, and laid upon the Couch, cover'd with his Shirt and Night-Gown only. Almoft all the Parts of the Body were excoriated. He had undergone a Salivation twice, but with- out Succefs : yet this great Cafe of the Skin was heal'd by the Ufc of Sea Wa- ter; tho' the Patient had a fcirrhous Liver from the too frequent Ufe of fpi- rituous Liquors, and had little Reafon to expedl any Help from Sea Water in his other Complaints.

Another Patient, afflicted in the fame Manner, tho' not quite fo generally, re- turn'd to me from our Hofpital of St. Thomas, where he had undergone a Salivation, but without Relief. For he return'd He&ic, and emaciated ; whilft the cuticular Eruptions were more rancid and humid, than before Salivation. But

C 2 by

20 On the Use

by the Ufe of Eryngo Milk, and Viper's Flefh, his hedtic Heat was firft taken off, and afterwards all the Difeafe of the Skin cur'd by drinking Sea Water. — And indeed where the Cafe is attended with much Acrimony, and the Patient's Habit will not bear the Ufe of mineral Medicines, Water and Afles Milk are the beft Antifcorbutics.

And thus much concerning the Tu- mour in it's two firft States, of Fluxion, and Augmentation. In the next Place, let us confider it in it's inflammatory State ; that is, when the Tumour or Tumours are attended with a Fever; in which State they fhould be efteem'd as true Phlegmons^ and treated accordingly.

When therefore there has been, from any Caufe whatfoever, a Fluxion upon the Glands of the Trachea, and Lungs, they by that Means become morbid, and fwell, like the external Glands; and, from the painful Stimulus "of the Fluxion,

, a Fever

Of Sea Wa ter. 21

a Fever arifes, with a hard dry Cough, Rednefs of the Face, and Eyes, and a cleaving Pain of the Head upon cough- ing ; which coughing Fits are fo many Efforts of Nature to break the morbid Glands, and throw off* the latent Caufe of the Tumour ; by which Means the tumified Part may be diminifh'd, and reduc'd to it's priftine State of Health. Under thefe Circumftances, I think, Sea Water will irritate too much. For the great Intention of Cure, is to prevent Matter's being form'd, which is found to be with the greateft Difficulty dif- charg'd from the Lungs; the Texture of whofe Parts is lax, and confequently fitted to retain Matter. But if, from the frequent Efforts of coughing, the tender Veffels are burft, an Hawioptoe comes on ; larger Abfceffes are form'd, and the Cafe ends in a purulent Hedic.

In this State therefore new Intentions of Cure arife. Bleeding is neceffary, re- peated

2 2 O N the Use

peated at proper Diftances, till the Sizy- nefs of the Blood difappear ; which, tho' it may not ihew itfelf on the firft bleed- ing, feldom fails of appearing on the fe- coiid, or third Time. Purging Medicines with Marina^ Cajfia, Cretn. Tart. Tart. Vitriolat. or the like, fhould be advis'd ; and the Patient kept cool by Emulfions with Nitre, Water drinking, and a to- tal Abftinence from Meat, Wine, or Malt Liquors. By this Method the Signs of Inflammation generally difappear; the Cough, and Pain of the Head no longer afflidt the Patient; the Tumours fublide; and, tho' they may not be quite difli- pated, yet being leflhed, lye quiet, and indolent, like the external Glands when in the fame State, and give no great Trouble to the Sick. But, if thefe Me- thods have been us'd either too fparing- ly, or too late, the Glands form them- felves into Matter, and for the moft Part, an incurable Heftic, as before obferv'd, fiicceeds. t But,

Of Sea Wa ter, 2$

But, as we fee many of thefe break and difcharge themfelves, especially when they break in large Vomica^ we ought not to difcourage the Patient, but give hopes that the Lungs may be cleans'd by proper Medicines, the Nitre of the Air, and riding on Horfeback. For, the rigid State of the Fibres being abated by taking off the Inflammation, whether by Evacuations, or the Parts unloading them- felves of their Burden ; their Tone of Confequence becomes more lax, and they are defended more by their own proper Mucusy fo that they will now more fafely bear Geftation. Upon this, Change of Place fhould be advis'd, ta- king Care to guard the Mouth and Nof- trils from the extream cold Air, by breathing through fome Covering, while the Parts are weak and tender. For this is one Caufe D?\ Boerhave gives for Inflammations of thofe Parts, "fortis E- u quit at to adverfo Vento^ & frigido^ Sy-

" nanchetiy

24 On the Use

" nanchen^ velPleuritin frequenter protu- " lit? And this, Gejlatio prcete&o Ore, according to the Opinion of C & l i u s Au re li anus, is of no flight Mo- ment, viz. until the weak Parts can be defended by their proper Mucus.

From what has been faid it appears, that the pulmonary Glands in a State of Inflammation require a perfect Quiet of Body, and Mind ; till, by Venaefe&ion, Lenitives, and nitrous Medicines, their diftended Veflels are eas'd, the Tenflon abated, and the Fluids fecur'd fafe from Extravafation. For, in this State of Ten- fity, the Contractions of the Heart are too frequent, the Arteries are irritated, and the Circulation of the Blood is hur- ried round too violently. From whence the Inflammation is encreas'd, by the Blood's being thrown with Violence up- on obftrudted Tubes, which cannot re- fift it's Impetus ', nor admit it to pafs through them, in their obftrufted State.

The

Of Sea Wa ter, 2$

The Tenfion is neceflarily encreas'd, and, if it is not reliev'd, muft go on till it proceeds to Extravafation. Therefore all Irritation is to be avoided as much as poffible, the future Cure of the Patient depending entirely upon the VefTels of the Glands being preferred found.

For, if they are broken, tho' the Cap- fulce of the Glands be thickened, and contain the Matter as in a ftrong Cyft, that it cannot burft for a good while, yet in that State, neither Sea Water, nor any other Remedy, can be of Service ; but the Cure is chirurgical.

And indeed, I muft fay thus much for this Method by Sea Water, that I have not feen many Tumours of dif- eafed Glands, where, if Matter had not been form'd before I faw the Cafes, I could not prevent it, and afterwards dif- fipate the Swellings, and reftore the Glands to their natural Shape and Size, by a right Management of the glandular Secretions, D All

26 On the Use

All aloetic, refinous, and mineral Medicines therefore, fhould be careful- ly avoided in the inflammatory State of the Glands ; from the imprudent and unfkillful Ufe of which, great Mifchiefs arife ; as will appear manifeftly where I treat of the Ufe of Sea Water in pre- venting bilious Colics. And indeed the antient Phyficians were aware of this, who never ventured upon rough Vomits or Purges in this State, till they had ta- ken down the Crifpitude of the Fibres. Before they adminifter'd Hellebore, they advis'd the Body to be hume&ed, and relax'd by tepid Baths, by a cool dilu- ting Regimen, by abftaining from Exer- cife, Meat, and Wine. And indeed thro' the whole Stage of Inflammation, where there was the leaft Suspicion of Suppuration, they either were very cau- tious of ufing fuch Remedies, or alto- gether rejefted them. And this Practice of theirs was doubtlefs form'd upon their

, obferving,

Of Sea Water. 27

obferving, that Suppurations were apt to fucceed fuch a Method. For which we have the Teftimony alfo of Gesner, when the Plague raged at Tiguru m, or Z u r 1 c h. He fays, he there obferv'd the Ufe of Hellebore had forwarded the Maturation of peftilential Buboes.

Therefore during the firft Days of Inflammation, they did not chufe to give ftrong purging Medicines ; that is, till the Blood-veflels had been eas'd by Venaefedtion, Sweats, or fome other Helps, and were not fo eaflly drawn into Ten- iion by the Stimulus of the Cathartic. And where a purging Medicine is given, not with the Notion of carrying off this or that predominant Humour from the Blood, but to diminifh the Plenitude, and difpofe of thofe Superfluities of a Conftitution, that overload the prince Vi(Z^ and break down the Texture of the Solids, there this Way of Reafoning will generally hold good, -and Lenients will beft anfwer the End. Thus

28 On the Use

Thus much therefore of the Gland in it's inflammatory State. In the next Place, let us confider the Difeafe in it's Terminations \ and firft of all that by Diffipation ; (the only Manner by which one would chufe the Difeafe fhould end) when the Fever difappears, and all the Signs of Inflammation ceafe. At this Time, the violent Agitation of the Heart being appeas'd; the frequent Contraction of the Arteries diminifli'd; the Fluids being more attenuated, and thereby bet- ter fitted for Circulation ; the obftrudt- ed Glands being in Part reftor'd to their proper Fun&ions, a perfed: Eafe enfues ; the Veffels are preferv'd entire, and their Fluids now move on under the com- mon Laws of Circulation. But the Tone of their Solids is left relax'd, and weaken'd by the late Fluxion, and tho* the tumefied Glands are lefs in Bulk, yet ftill they remain fwell'd, notwith- ftanding, they are indolent: and this

State

Of Sea Wa t e r. 29

State of Eafe or Quiet remains no long- er, than till by any new Caufe they re- ceive another Fluxion, and become dif- tended again.

Hence it is we hear our Patients of- ten complain, that thefe Tumours grow larger, and are more painful once a Month ; nor is it uncommon to hear them lay the Caufe of it to the Ap- proach of the Tides, or Increafe of the Moon, with which they think their Tu- mours increafe, or diminifh ; whereas thefe weak Parts are only loaded with a certain Plenitude at that Time, which afterwards by the Strength of Nature is evacuated ; as for inftance, by the com- ing on of the Catamenia the Patient is frequently reliev'd. About which Time, not only the Tumour itfelf, but the Breafts, and whole glandular Syftem be- come diftended from the fame Caufe.

And, under this State of Diffipation, when the Glands of the Neck are fofter,

and

go On the Use

and the internal Glands left relax'd and weaken'd, from their late Diftention, I have with great Succefs refum'd the Ufe of Sea Water ; joining to it the Afhes of Submarine Plants, Sal Ammoniac ^ JE- thiops Mineral^ Antimony y Os Sepice^ Pu- mex uji. Coral. Corallin. Spong: uft: and fuch other Medicines, which I had from the Authority of Antiquity, or from my own Experience found moft convenient. Such external Helps as I ufually call in to my Afliftance, will be mention'd in the Method of Cure, and the Cafes ad- join'd to this Work, always obferving to finifih the Cure by Sea bathing ; which, if not us'd too foon, before the Glands are a little foften'd by the inter- nal Ufe of Sea Water, I have found to contribute much to the Cure.

And laft of all, to prevent Relapfes, as the antient Phyficians us'd to add Gall Nuts, and other Styptics, to their Medicaments, I have with good Succefs

join'd

Of Sea Water. 31

join'd the Ufe of the Cortex Peruvianas to cold bathing in the Sea ; efpecially after Difeafes of the Ciliary Glands, and where the Eyes have been fubjed to frequent Opthalmies, directing the Eyes to be wafh'd every Morning with cold Sea Water.

And thus much concerning the Stage of Dijftpation : (which was the Jirjl Ter- mination mention'd) or when the Gland is reftor'd in Part to it's healthy and found State, without fuffering a Rup- ture of it's Veffels. But, as thefe Kinds of Tumours fometimes terminate in Scir- rhiy which was the third Species of Ter- mination (for of that by Matter we have already, and fhall again fpeak hereafter) it will be proper to define what I mean by the Word Scirrhus.

I call that State of the Tumour, Scir- rhus^ when from any Caufe, the Adhe- fion hath been kept up fo long, and the Parts become fo united and hard,

that

32 On the Use

that they are not able to be disjoin'd, and reftor'd to their Ufe and State of Sanity, nor their Veflels burft open, by any Power of the Heart and Arteries, but go on very often to increafe in Hard- nefs till you may, in their ultimate De- gree, ftrike them together like Pebbles. This is what I mean by a true and per- feEi Scirrhus, which I take to be incu- rable by Sea Water, or any other Re- medy, but the Operation. But all in- ferior Degrees of Scirrhojities, if I may be allow'd the Expreffion, are by this Method, under a right Management of the glandular Secretions, not without Hopes of finding a Cure ; and many of them I have attempted fo nearly allied to a true Scirrhus, that I have in my own Judgement defpair'd of Succefs when on the contrary, Things have fuc- ceeded better than I expe&ed, and th' Patients have obtained a Cure.

:

Thefe

Of Sea Wa ter, 33

Thefe Scirrhi frequently turn to Can- cerSy when the Hardnefs is become fo great, that no Circulation can be any- longer carried throughout the whole Tu- mour, but the VefTels in fome Part are burft, after having been diftended fome- time with a livid Ichor that difcolours the Skin, and gives, before breaking, Time to the Phyftcian or Surgeon to make a true Prognoftic of the Event. Thefe look livid like an Ecchymojis, and their Beginning feems to me like the blue lymphatick Bullce^ which arife on Parts beginning to fphacelate.

But when the VefTels have been burft ; and this Ichor has been long out of the Laws of Circulation ; and acquir'd a great Degree of Acrimony, as all ani- mal Fluids extravafated will foon do : then, the Contagion of that Acrimony, is convey'd infenfibly from Gland to Gland, and by this Means their whole Syftem by Degrees is brought into a

E cance-

54 On the Use

cancerous State. And this Acrimony is fometimes fo great, that fome Writers have thought it arfenical, from the Sloughs it will produce in one Night. Under this State of Irritation, I think, Sea Water ftimulates too much ; tho' of this I have not yet had full Tryal and Experience.

Thus I have abfolv'd myfelf of my Promife, in treating of the four diffe- rent States of difeafed Glands. And from what has been faid, it will appear, that no Expe&ation is to be had from Sea Water in a true and perfect Scir- rhus ; nor in any of the tunicated Tu- mours, as Steatoma^ Atheroma^ or Me- liceris ; nor where any Gland has extra- vafated Matter included in the middle of it, as a Kernel of a Nut is in the Shell, before the Courfe of Sea Water has been enter'd upon ; (for that feldom happens afterwards:) in n9 true Cancers; nor in Ulcers which are attended with

1 carious

Of Sea Wa t e r. 35

carious Bones, where they require Ex- foliation. Altho' I have known fome of thefe Cafes, complicated with dif- eafed Glands, which have obtain'd a Cure, as will appear from my Obferva- tions.

However, in general thefe are the Cafes which are attended with bad Suc- cefs. From thefe Difcouragements let us rife to our Hopes, and fee what we are to expedt from Sea Water. The Dif- eafes therefore which may receive Ad- vantage from this Method, are as fol- low.

1. All recent Obftrudions of the Glands of the Inteftines, and Mefentery. For by this Method the Tumours are diffipated, and frequently a fpurious Iliac Paffion is prevented.

2. All recent Obftrudtions of the pul- monary Glands, and thofe of the other Vifcera^ which frequently produce Con- sumptions. For by the conftant Secre-

E 2 tions

36 On the Use

tions which this Medicine dayly produ- ces by the Glands of the Inteftines, the Fluxion is turn'd from the tracheal and pulmonary Glands ; the Cough is taken off before any Abfcefs is form'd; and fo a future Confumption is prevented: which, as Dr. Sydenham obferves, is often caus'd by long repeated Fits of Cough- ing, by which the Lungs are weaken'd, Tumours are produc'd, which inflame, maturate, erode thefe tender, lax Parts, and the Difeafe foon exceeds the Power of Medicine.

3. All recent glandular Swellings of the Neck, or other Parts.

4. Recent Tumours of the Joints, if they are not fuppurated, nor become Scirrhij or Cancers ; and have not ca- rious Bones for their Caufe.

5. Recent Fluxions upon the Glands of the Eye Lids j from whence Lippi- aides,

6, All

Of Sea Water. 37

6. All Deflations of the Skin, from an Eryfvpelas to the Lepra.

7. Difeafes of the Glands of the Nofe, with their ufual Companion a Thick- nefs of the upper Lip, which although fome of the moft difficult Cafes we meet with, yet will generally yield to this Method.

8. Obftrudions of the Kidnies ; when there is no Inflammation, and the Stone not large.

9. In recent Obftru&ions of the Liver this Method will be proper; where it prevents Conftipation of the Belly, and affifts the other Medicines directed in Idleric Cafes.

In the next Place, if I defign'd to consider very minutely of recent Fluxions upon the Glands of the Inteftines, it might be neceflary perhaps to enter up- on a Defcription of the Glands of the alimentary Tube, but I fhall wave this, as taking up too much Room in this

fliort

38 On the Use

fhort Work, and content myfelf with obferving that the whole DuSius alimen- talis is in a remarkable Degree ftudded, if I may fo call it, with Glands, there- fore fubjeft to be difeas'd in the fame Manner as thofe of the Lungs. But in the Ufe of Sea Water, there arifes this Difference, that in fome Cafes you can- not apply the Remedy locally, in others you may, from which you have a much fooner Effect.

When therefore the inteftinal Glands are become hard, and fcirrhous, after they have been a long Time difeas'd by dayly Fluxions ; and the ReSium is be- come fo ftuff'd with the Swellings, that k is the moft intolerable Pain to go to Stool : which Endeavours are often only khorofe Deje&ions, affe&ing the Neck of the Bladder, and producing a moft excruciating Strangury at the fame Time, from the Vicinity and Prefliire of the Parts. Under thefe terrible Circumftan-

ces«

Of Sea Water. 39

ces, if the Parts are not inflam'd, and fuffer only from the Compreffion, or if die Parts are only fwelfd, Sea Water is likely to produce two confiderable good Effedts. One is, that it will fafer than any Thing prevent the Conftipation of the Belly : and the other, that 'tis the beft difcutient, when applied to the dif- eafed Glands ; and this was one of the Difeafes, in which the Antients us'd it, as Pliny obferves. *Aqnam vero Ma- ris per fe efficaciorem difcutie?idis Tumo- rous putant Medici, And the fame Au- thor fays ; quidam &? §}uartanis dedere earn bibenda?n^ <§f in Tenefmis.

When thefe Cafes are negledled, or injudicioufly treated, they often go into Cancers, and are attended with too much Acrimony to bear this Method ; or they form fpurious Iliac PafTions, if the Tu- mours lye high up the Inteftines. I fhall therefore infert one Cafe of this Kind which happen'd under my Care.

a Pl 1 n. Nat. Hijl. Lib. 36. c. 6, A Gcil-

40 On the Use

A Gentleman, about forty Years of Age, had a Tumour of this Kind grow- ing in the Inteftine, below the Region of the Spleen. When he had empty'd himfelf by Vomitings, I could take the fwelling in my Hand, which feem'd as big as a Cricket Ball, and round. He had no Fever, and, after vomiting up vaft Quantities of Excrement, was eafy for many Days, till the Inteftines and Stomach were fill'd again to the Top, and then his Vomiting of Faces return'd. All Things were tried in Vain ; for he had no Stools. But there was a Recru- defcence of Iliac Symptoms every Week or ten Days. He languifh'd many Months under thefe Difficulties, firft under the Care of my ever honour'd Friend the learned Dr . Pellet; af- terwards he went to Bath under the Care of Dr. Bave; and at length re- turn'd back to me, affli&ed in the fame Manner. I could not perceive the Tu- mour

Of Sea Wa t e r. 41

mour increafed ; but as he was emacia- ted to the laft Degree, I had the clear- eft Opportunity of Examining it, with- out being able to do my Patient any good, who died foon after his return.

How far Sea Water might have af- fifted, if I had known the Ufe of it, as much then as I do now, I will not pre- fume to fay. For certainly I do not know a greater difcutient than Sea Wa- ter, ufed internally ; nor any better fait- ed to anfwer the above-mentioned In- tentions : which in that Cafe indeed, fhould have been drank by itfelf dayly, to prevent Conftipation, before the Ob- ftru&ion had been total ; when it would have had this additional Advantage alfo, of being a Help to Digeftion, and Chy- lification. And thofe who cure Cattle are very well acquainted with the Ufe of this, in Difeafes of the alimentary Tube. For when the Ox can no longer chew the Cud, and is in great Danger

F from

42 On the Use

from the Lofs of Digeftion, they recover the Cud again, by repeated Dofes of fait Water, or Sea Salt, formed into Balls with Honey, and given till it pro- duces a Stool.

Viewing Things in this Light, I was convinced that the Ufe of Sea Water might be of great Service, in preventing bilious Colics at Sea, from attacking the Mariner at all ; and fecuring the Patient from Relapfes, after the Inflammation had been carried off by Bleeding, the Ufe of the Se?nicupium^ and faline Pur- ges. And this I found from my Friends fucceeded very well : for thofe Difeafes proceed often from the following Caufe. Many Mariners, efpecially Fre/Jj-meny if I may fo call them, are affli&ed with Sea Sicknefs at firft going to Sea; and this lafts with fome a great while. The whole Time the Patient is under this Sicknefs, the Belly is bound, nor is he often reliev'd until that does it's Office.

All

Of Sea Water. 43

All this Time, Food is taken fparingly, and the Sailor flies to the Ufe of fpiri- tuous Liquors for Relief. If the Navi- gation be into warmer Countries, the E- vacuations by the Skin are dayly more copious ; thofe offered to the inteftinal Glands lefs ; vaft Quantities of Bile are wafted by vomiting ; the Faces grow white, and dry, as in a Jaundice ; ob- ftrudt the Bowels ; and lay the Founda- tion of future Inflammations ; the Fibres in this State being dry, and robed of that foapy Bile, which ihould render the Paflage for the Faces eafy and flippery. And this is one Caufe, amongft many others, which will produce inflammato- ry Colics at Sea.

Enquiring therefore of the Captains, and Matters of Ships, that I might be more fure of this Matter, and of their Naval Phyflcians, who defcribed the Dif- eafe like a Bilious Colic ; I found, the ufual Way of treating it, was by aloetic^

F 2 and

44 On the Use

and fcammo?tiate Remedies, with Calo- mel \ which, tho' guarded by Opium, were generally rejected, till their Vomi- tings were black ; and if no Stools were obtained, the Inteftine mortified, and the Patient died. I thought it therefore a moft ufeful Thing, for thefe valuable Subje&s, to confider of a fafer Method of treating fuch Colics, both at Sea, and on Shore.

When therefore a Patient is affli&ed with a Colic, meerly from a Conftipa- tion of the Belly, if there be no Fever, Sea Water drank dayly, at leaft a Pint every Morning, will, with great Safety, preferve the Patient at the Beginning, from this moft dangerous Illnefs. But if it be neglected at firft, and the Cafe becomes inflammatory, with a Fever, Vomitings, and an obftinate Conftipa- tion of the Belly, or rather a total Sup- preffion of Stools ; there an Iliac Paffion is to be feared. At which Time, a black

< Vomi-

Of Sea Wa t e r. 45

Vomiting fucceeds; and the Faces are often thrown up by the Mouth ; a weak Pulfe comes on ; cold Sweats ; and the Patient dies of a Mortification. Some- times indeed after Rigours, Matter ap- pears, and tho' the Patient efcapes Death for the prefent, yet he generally lingers all his Life under a purulent Tenefmus.

Divers of thefe Perfons I have had re- turned Home to me from Voyages ; from whom, and their naval Phyficians, I have taken the above Account. In Or- der therefore to prevent this common, but dangerous Practice ; I advifed Dr. Leith, one of the Surgeons of the Royal Navy, to change this Method ; and when ever any Symptoms of In- flammation appeared, to bleed largely ; and to repeat bleeding according to the Neceffity of the Time, if the Pain and Fever continued ; and not to attempt any purging Method by the Mouth, not even Salt Water, till ample Revullion

had

46 On tee Use

had been made, by bleeding, and emo- lient Clyftersj and, inftead of giving aloetic^ or fcammoniate Medicines with Calomel^ to advife the following;

R Tartar, vitriolat. dij vel 3/ Salts tartar, gr. viij vel dfs 01. Nuc. Mofch. chym. gtt. j EleSi. lenitiv. q. s. f. Bolus quartd

qudque Hord fumend. donee Al-

vus liber e dejecerit*

This had it's defired Effect; for he told me, with Thanks for the Receipt, upon his returning from a Voyage, that the Sailors had been afflicted prodigiouf- ly writh Colics from Intemperance, and bad Wine ; but that he hardly loft any. For after proper Bleedings, he feldom knew the fecond or third Dofe, in very obftinate Cafes, fail of producing Stools ; after which the Danger was over : and a Draught of Sea Water, when the In- flammation

Of Sea Water. 47

flammation was cured, would fafely fe- cure them from a Relapfe, if taken once in a Day, or two.

After this Method I have feen very- bad bilious Colics cured on Shore, where, if there be Need, I advife the Semicu- pium alio, before the purging Medicine is given. And indeed tho' I have (ctn the Pil. Colic, of Fuller, and other the like Medicines, given fometimes with good Succefs, yet, if the Cafe be inflam- matory, never without Danger. But what particularly ought to deter us from the common Practice is, that in giving one of thofe two Kinds of Medicines, there muft be hazard, in the other none at all. For if the refinous and gummy Bodies do not by their Stimulus, get thro', they will be received into the Blood, and increafe the Fever and In- flammation ; if the faline ones do not purge, and are received into the Blood, they will cool; reftrain the Inflamma-

tion ;

48 On the Use

tion; and prevent Abfceftes. Add to this, the refinous Pills are ufually reject- ed, tho' guarded by Opium, while this faline Medicine feldom is; but a6ts in fome Manner like Salt of Wormwood, and Juice of Limons, and appeafes the Inclination to vomit.

Therefore I advife absolutely, to re- jedt all aloetky fcammoniate, or refinous Purges, with Calomel, in the firft inflam- matory State of Colics ; and doubt not, but this other Method will be found of the greateft Ufe to our naval Surgeons. Sea Water they have always at Hand, and if they treat thefe inflammatory Co- lics in the Manner above advifed ; I am perfuaded they will fave many Sailors, that they would infallibly lofe, if they were managed by hot, refinous Purges, which adhere tenacioufly to the Intes- tines, and increafe the Difeafe.

I doubt not, that many of the naval Phyficians have already fallen into this

cool

Of Sea Water. 49

cool Method ; and I hope that what I have faid, is fufficient to encourage the reft to try it. The Dodtrine is not new, and I dare fay, will be found worthy of their Attention. It is on Ac- count of the Safety, and Succefsfulnefs of treating thefe Cafes with faline Pur- ges, that the crude Tartar has been re- commended fo much by Angelus Sal a, to be given fix Drams, or an Ounce, in Chicken Broth. And Sal Gemm. is a moft experienced Remedy to lubricate the Inteftines, by it's folli- citing a Secretion from the inteftinal Glands ; foftening the Fceces^ and dif- folving their Slime, and Vifcidities. In- ftances of which may be feen in Fo- re s t u s, Book 21. To prevent there- fore Conftipations of the Belly, one Pint of Sea Water may be drank occafional- ly^ in the Morning, fafting ; which tho' not the fame exactly as Sal Gemm. is a Remedy of the fame Tribe.

G And

50 On the Use-

And as the inteftinal Glands feem to be defigned by Nature, for the Drain, and common Outlet to every Thing that is not beneficial to the Body ; fo I be- lieve many glandular Difeafes arife, for want of the Mouths of their Duds be- ing cleanfed; kept open; and fit to difcharge the Redundancies offered to them. So that we fee many Difeafes of the Skin, and external Glands, which I make no doubt have their original Cau- fes, from Faults in the alimentary Tube ; as well as we find the Glands of the alimentary Tube difeafed, and obliged to fuffer, from the Defect of other Se- cretions ; and from this Caufe, it is like- ly all mefenteric, and other internal glandular Obftru&ions, proceed. This is the Cafe, where you meet with ob- ftruded Menfes for many Years together, with difeafed Glands of divers Parts of the Body ; and yet the Patient is kept tolerably well, by a conftant Diarrhoea^

, which,

Of Sea Water. 51

which, tho' it goes on fo long, feldom produces a Tenefmus, or any Sign of Ac- rimony ; and is no more than a fubfti- tuted Difcharge, by the internal Glands, of that Quantity, which in a State of Health ought to have been fent off by other Evacuations.

And indeed how well Nature has ad- apted the Inteftines, to fupply the De- feat of any other Secretions, the Cafe of the Boy, which is preferved in the *Phi- lofophkal Tranfa&ionS) clearly demon- fixates. He lived till he was feventeen Years old, without any Secretion of U- rine, and yet feemed to want, neither Health, Strength, or Activity. A per- petual Diarrhoea attended him, though without being troublefome. In this Cafe, Dr. Richardson alfo thinks, the in- teftinal Glands fupplied the Defeat in the Kidneys. I myfelf remember an afthmatic Patient, that had been trou-

a Vol. 28. Anno 171 3.

G 2 bled

5 2 On the Use

bled with obftru&ed Glands from her Cradle, who never breathed fo eafily, as when the alimentary Tube was kept open, and when it's Glands, by the Ufe of Sea Water, were follicited to increafe their Secretions.

And thus much in general, of the different Difeafes of the internal Glands, may be fufficient; where I might have been more particular, and {pun out this Subjed, perhaps not difagreeably, to a greater Length. But I have not Leafure, neither is it my Defign, to advance any Thing here, farther than as it may tend to illuftrate the general Intentions of Cure. And tho' I believe Nothing does more Harm to the Advancement of a Science, than a too ftrid, or, if I may be allowed the ExprefTion, a too fer- vile Complyance with the Authority of the Antients, fo that you are not to va- ry from them in any Sort ; yet, I think, their Authorities ought not therefore to

be

Of Sea Wa t e r. 53

be rejected wantonly, and without fuf- ficient Reafon. They are the great Fountains of Science, from whence mod advantageous Helps may be drawn.

Therefore in writing this Treatife, I have carefully obferved two Things ; one is, to boaft of no Invention of my own, any farther than I have reftored, or im- proved, the Medicine of the antient Phy- sicians. Another is, that I have not been fo fervile an Imitator of them, as not to deviate from them, where I faw juft Reafon for fo doing. I have therefore fuppreffed no Lights I could gather from them, whenever they fell in my Way ; and have endeavoured to let my Reader fee, how far they went with this Me- dicine, which indeed was but a little Way.

We find by Celsus, in his Chap-* ter de Alvi DuEiione, that fait Water was ufed by the Antients to keep the Belly open j both natural and artificial

*Acrh

54 *3n the Use

aAcris autem eft Marina Aqua^ vel alia. Sale adje&o : at utraque decoSla com- modior eft. And afterwards : Si acrior ef, eo plus extrahit. Hippocrates too gave Sea Water in Clyfters. The- m i s o n alfo gave Muria in a Dyfente- ry ; hMurid dura quam afperrimd uten- dum. And Celsus in ulcerated In- teftines gave the Glebe of Minium mixt with Salt, as a potent Remedy ; hEt va- hns kabita eft adverfus Cancerem intefti- norum, Minii Gleba cum Satis Hemind contrita. Sin minus ^ mixta his Aqua in Ahum datur.

Although the Antients gave Sea Wa- ter internally, in many Difeafes, yet they were afraid of it, and never knew it's true Ufes. They kept it to depofite it's ViriiS) as they called it, till they fpoiled the Remedy, and often fubftituted the Thalaffomel in it's Stead. Which Tha-

a Celsus, lib. i. cap. 12. b Ceis. lib. 4. cap. 15.

t lajfomel

Of Sea Wa t e r. 55

lajfomel according to Dioscorides was made in the following Manner ; Sume Aquce Marince} pluvialis, Mellif- que Partes cequales ; mifce, defpuma : de- inde per Dies caniculares, in Olid vitred9 bene claufd conferventur. The Antieuts mixed the Sea Water with their Wines alfo ; and the Phyficians prefcribed the Wines fo prepared to keep the Body fo- luble. And Dioscorides fays, they purged with the Vinum tethalajjomenon^ which, according to Pliny, was made in the following Manner ; a Uvce pau- lum ante Maturitatem decerptce^ Jiccan- tur acri Sole, ter Die verfatce per Tri- duum, quarto exprimuntur ; dein in Ca- dis Sole invetera?itur. Cut Marinam A- quam largiorem mifce?it &c. Celsus diredls this in regio Morbo ; b Et Vinum bibere falfum Grtecum^ ut Solutio Ventris re??ianeat. And in the fame Chapter he

a Plin. Nat. HiJ}. lib. 14. cap. 8, b Ce ls. lib, 3, cap. 24.

obferves,

§6 On t h e Us e

obferves, Afclepiades Aquam quoque faU fam^ &* quidem per Biduumy purgatio- nis Caiifd bibere cogebat.

Quintus Serenus Samonicus, in his Chapter entitled, Ventri mollien- do^ has thefe Words ;

Scepe Thalaffomeli junEium cumulavi-

mus Imbri : Hcec purgant) parili fuerint ji Pon- dere mijia. The Antients gave Sea Water likewife, Felli arcendoy as the fame Samonicus informs us, in his Chapter, Felliy Vomi- tuiy vel Pthiji arcendis :

Profunt &? Pelagi Latkesy quos Pon-

dere jujlo Dulcibus ajfocias Lymphisy Mellique liquenti. The fame Author has thefe Words, Si vero Articulos Tabes inimica per

omnes Hceferit, ex Ficu Betas ac Mette tir gabis j

Vel

Of Sea Water. 57

Vel Pelagi Laticesy Jimul et Baccheia Dona

Sumere curabis : nimio fed par cite Vino. Laftly, 'the Antients made Ufe of Sea Water in Palfies, to ftimulate the relax- ed Limbs. a £$uin etiam fovere Aqua ca- lidd Marina \ vel Ji ea non eft^ tamen falfdy magnopere necejfarium eft. And in the fame Difeafe, they purged with the Vinum Gr cecum falfum ; b Si tamen vetus Morbus eft^ interponi quarto vel quinto Die, Purgationis Caufd, Vinum Gr cecum falfum pot eft.

In this Place it may not be improper, to give a fhort Catalogue of the faline Purges ufed by the Antients, as they feem to have ranged them in Clafles, according to their Degrees of Strength.

1. Sal. 2. Sal Gemmce. 3. Sal Ni- tri. 4. Sal Indus. 5. Salis Flos.

a Cels. lib. 3. cap, 27. b Ib jd.

H Their

58 On the Us s

Their liquid faline Purges were ;

1. Sea Water. 2. TbalajfomeL 3. Vi- num tethalajjomenon. The two laft of which, they looked upon as milder than Sea Water ; tho' Dioscorides rec- kons the Thalajfomel amongft the ftrong Purges.

But to fhew how far fome very ex- cellent Authors are hurried away from Reafon, and Senfe, by a ftrid Attach- ment to the Authority of the Antients, I fhall mention only one Inftance. And that is of Antonius Musa Bra- savolus, who having obferved that Pliny faid Sea Water was taken, non fme Injuria Stomachic tells an odd Sto- ry of his going out to Sea, from Ve- nice, with Alphonsus the third, Duke of Ferrara, A Storm arifing, the Waves, fays he, broke into the Boat ; and, a Par tint Faciem meam irrorabant ; nam nullus dabatur Locus ^ in quern pro-

a Anton. Musa Brasavol. de puvgant. p. 27.

< gredi

Of Sea Wa t e r. 59

gredi poffem ; tunc Marinam Aquam in- vitus bibi, & in Ahi Profluvium incidi. Arbitrabar proculdubio me fuffocaturum ejfe : nam pro rato putabam Navicula?n Jubmergendam ejfe, Unde cogitare ccepi, quonam Modo evadere poffe?n a tali tam- que imminenti Difcrimine : nullum aliud mihi fuccurrit Prczjidium^ Ji IVavisfub- mergeretur, quamjupra illuftrijfimi Du- els Dorjum me jaElare^ &* illi Manibus tenaciter inhcerere ; nam non me latebat ilium uti Pifcem natare ; idcirco jlatue- rani) aut quod me ab Aquis liberaret^ aut ego una cum illoy qui erat mi hi In- ieritus Caufa^ fuffocaremur.

The Duke of Ferrara was cer- tainly much obliged to this Gentleman, for his kind Intention ; but his Affertion is as extraordinary as it is improbable; that upon the Account of taking in this Mouthful or two of Sea Spray, he fell into a Flux of the Belly for eight Days, and thereupon concludes; evacuat igi-

H z tury

6o On the Use

tur, & Ventriculum turbat Aqua Mari- na. a What would this Phyiician now fay, when he might fee our Patients drink a Pint of it every Morning for a Year, and remain cool, and without Lofs, but Increafe of Appetite.

I hope to be excufed if I add farther an Obfervation of Fabricius Hil- danus, who writes to the following Purpofe concerning the Ufe of the Mu- ria in the Plague. b Sed quid fentis de Ufu Murice in Pejie ? Novifice ad Rhe- num Civem quendam, Tascheuma- cherum Nomine, yurifconfultum cog- noviy qui, me prcefenti, retulit, fe maxi- mo cum FruSlu Domejiicis Juisy & Ami- cis Muriam in Pejie fcepius exhibuijfe. — ^uam primum autem aliquis Pejie cor- reptus ejfety Haujium hujus Murice ei propinabaty & ut in LeSio fudaret, ab omnique alio Potu per Horas aliquot abf-

a Anton. Musa Brasavol. pag. 27. de Purgant. b Fabricius Hildanus, Qbf. 34. Cent, 2. ad D, Sennertum.

tinerety

Of Sea Wa t e r. 6i

finer et) injunxit. Retulit^ hoc Genus Re- tnedii in nonnullis per Sudores^ in aliis per Vomifum^ in reliquis per Ahum, aut per Vomitum & Ahum Jimul tarn affa- ti?n evacuare, ut major Pars eoruni qui illud fumferinty Sanitati reflituta fuerit. Ergo etfi nullwn Periculum fecerim^ ne- que facere atiderem> niji tuam Senten- tiam hdc de Re prius intellexero ; atta- men in robujlioribus Corporibus Remedium hocce for fan non omnino rejiciendum effe arbitror : quandoquidemy Ratione Salisy Putredini Humorum fummopere adver- farij nullwn efl Dubium. Refer at prce- terea ObflruEliones Vifcerum^ noxiofque Humor esy nunc per Sudor em, nunc verb per Urinam, aut Ahum educit. But we have already dwelt long enough up- on Authorities.

Having therefore coniidered firft, the Ufe of Sea Water in the internal Glands, let us fee what Effed: it has upon the external ones. And as thofe are more

imme~

62 On the Use

immediately under the Eye of the Phy- fician, fo in their Difeafes, he will more immediately fee, both the Change of the Difeafe, and the Effect of his Medicine. He may fee the red, excoriated Ciliary Glands, with thickened Palpebrce, foon look pale; become dry; and tend to Cicatrization, under a Courfe of Sea Water ; the concatenated Glands of the Neck dayly decreafing ; and all thofe which are not maturated, or become truly Scirrhi) reduced to their natural Shape ; by which Means the Graceful- nefs of the Neck is reftored, which was defigned by our Maker as the Column, or ornamental Pillar, on which he in- tended to place the laft, and moft fi- nished Part of his Creation.

Having by the foregoing general Ac- count of difeafed Glands, opened the Mind of the Reader a little, and pre- pared him to receive the following Doc- trine of curing the tumified Glands, by

timely

Of Sea Wa t e r. 63

timely fubftituting other Aids to affift them in their difeafed State: we fhall fhew, how conformable this Method is to Nature's Laws, and how conftantly fhe makes Ufe of the fame Helps, when- ever fhe is trufted to, in any Diforder of the animal Oeconomy. And then let us give a Sort of Retrofpedl into Anti- quity, to fee what Medicines the An- tients ufed, as well as the Moderns, in Difeafes of the Glands; and to fhew the Reafonablenefs, and Fitnefs of join- ing them to the Ufe of Sea Water, in order to cure by their united Afllftance, Obftru&ions of the internal Glands, from which we have always Reafon to appre- hend the greateft Danger.

And on that Account, whenever I am called to treat obftrudled Glands, I would confider them in this Light ; and have Regard to thefe hidden, and remote Caufes. For if you cannot remove the Obftru&ions of the mefenteric, and pul- monary

64 On the Use

monary Glands, it will be of little Ufe to attempt removing the external ones ; on which Account I feldom ufe any to- pical Remedies to the external Glands, till they are altered, and foftened, by internal Medicines. And when thefe Cafes, as it often will happen, are out of the Reach of this Method, and for the before-cited Reafons, are judged to be fo; then in all external Tumours, I refign what farther is to be done, to thofe who profefs the Art of Surgery j who I doubt not will foon carry the Hints I have given them in this little Piece to a far greater Degree of Cer- tainty, in curing thefe Diforders, than either my Leafure, or the Defign of my Work will permit : this Treatife being intended, to confider the Cure of dif- eafed Glands no farther, than while their Veffels are preferved whole, and unbro- ken ; while their Fluids, tho' obftrudl- ed, are yet under the Laws of Circula-

tion;

Of Sea Water. 65

tion, and therefore the Objedt of a Phy- fician's Care.

But while the Obftru&ions are recent, and within the Power of Medicine, I believe there is not a Remedy yet found out, that can be fo long continued, fo fafely taken, and which will fcour, cleanfe, and ftrengthen the obftrudted Tubes, fo well as Sea Water. There is a Soapinefs, as well as Saltnefs, in Sea Water, which deterge^ and cleanfes off thofe Slimes, that cover, and ftop up the Mouths of the lacleals ; and befides it ftimulates the Sphin&ers of their Of- cula^ or little Mouths ; by which Means they aft as in a healthy State, and pro- mote Chylification ; from whence it hap- pens, that what is neceffary is ex traded, and carried on for Nutrition ; and no- thing is received, but what has been firft of all fitly prepared in the alimentary Tube: on which Health greatly depends. For when thefe ladteals are obftrudted,

I «and

66 On the Use

and the Chyle is not fucked, or drawn out of the Inteftines, you find an In- appetency fucceed ; and frequently the Chyle itfelf, as in the Affe&io cceliaca^ is evacuated by the Anus^ from whence an Atrophy or Confumption of the whole Body enfues.

And that thefe mesenteric Tumours are caufed by thefe Veffels being ob- ftru&ed, or ftopt, and the Fluids there- by prevented from being carried on un- der the common Laws of Circulation, the following Experiment of Dr. Wh a r- ton's will prove. a £$uare Tumor es lac- tei admodum exiles funt^ & forte non- dum ab ullis animadverji. In vivis au- tem DiJfeBionibus^ ligatis Ve7iis laEleis inter commune Receptaculum, & Mefen- terii Glandulas^ obfervavimus^ Chyli Cur- riculo obftruSloy Glandulas illas, ad quas Vence ligatce fpeSlant^ nonnihil intumef- cere. See Plate 3.

a Wharton, de Glaiidulis, pag. 47.

( Many

p. ff.

7X£.UI.

m m

1 %!'

Of Sea Wa t e r. 67

Many Cafes of thefe Tumours might be collected from Authors, which I choofe for Brevity to omit ; and fhall make only thefe Obfervations on them, that whenever they are attended with a hec- tic Heat, they generally have Matter in them. If they have not, tho' they may fubfide, and feem to be cured, by the Ufe of Sea Water, yet as they are Dif- eafes of the laxer Part of the Body, they are far from being fecure, and free from the Apprehenfions of any future Accident.

For if the Patient has not Refolution enough to continue a great while the Ufe of Sea Water, and finifh. his Cure by cold bathing in the Sea, in all like- lihood, upon the firft Plenitudes arifing in the Habit, the Difeafe will again fhew itfelf. Becaufe the weak Glands will re- ceive the Fluxion anew, and become again difeafed. I own there is great Tryal of Patience, in fubmitting to the

I 2 Length

68 On the Use

Length of this Cure, but flill it is bet- ter than dying consumptive, or of ca- rious Bones ; which when the medulla- ry Glands of the Bones become difeafed, is often the Cafe.

Thus I think it is very clear that the two chief Caufes of difeafed Glands are, a Fluxion of redundant Humours on the Glands, and a Debility or Weaknefs of thofe Parts, which cannot refift the Fluxion ; either of which Caufes not fubfifting, there can be no confiderable Degree of this Difeafe. If there be no Redundance, there will be no undue Prefiure : if there be no Laxity or Weaknefs, the elaftic Power of the Vef- fels will refift the Difeafe. But if both thefe Caufes are removed, there will be no Tumour,

And now we proceed to fhew, by what Methods it is moft likely to bring thefe Changes about; what Secretions are moft in the Phyficians Power to

com-

Of Sea Water. 69

command; and then, what feem mod designed by Nature, to adminifter Aid, and to eafe thefe weak Parts of their Burden ; and laftly to fhew from Expe- rience, that in thofe Cafes, which are really under the Cognizance of the Phy- fician, he will feldom fail of curing, if the Patient will fubmit to the Method ; and will always palliate thefe great Evils. I fhall therefore offer to my Reader fuch plain Laws only, as are conftantly and invariably obferved. And I avoid talking of Coagulations, Concretions, he- reditary Affections, and other Things, about which I profefs myfelf in the dark; having obferved thefe Difeafes to arife from Caufes, which might be much more clearly affigned. For indeed any Thing, that will determine a Fluxion upon thefe lax Parts, fafter than they can difcharge it, will form Tumours. I have feen a Swelling appear in the Glands of the Neck, only from the Irritation of

Blifters

70 On the Use

Blifters behind the Ears; and Mr. Wise- ma n relates the Cafe of a Cook's Ser- vant, that had flept a Summer's Night upon a Bench, and his Head flipping off, one fide of his Neck preffed upon the End of it, and when he awaked, he found his Neck full of thefe Swellings, fome of which were as big as Wall-nuts, He has obferved a ftreight Stay do the fame in Children, where the Tonfills were preffed too much by it. Pains of the Breaft bring a Fluxion upon the Glands of the Arm-pit ; Difeafes of the Legs frequently caufe Swellings in the Glands of the Groin ; and Numbers of the like Inftances might be produced.

Thefe evident Caufes therefore will be our beft Guides, to dired us in our In- quiry after the true Method of Cure. But if any fhould prefer the Caufes com- monly alleged by Authors, fuch as can- cerous, fcrophulofe, and fcorbutic Hu- mours, I (hall by no Means dilpute the

Point,

Of Sea Water. 71

Point, nor add a fingle Argument to convince, or divert them from their O- pinion. But thus far I fhall venture to affert with Confidence, that in fubduing thefe Difeafes, there is no other Method of Cure, which is fo happy and fucceff- ful in it's Effects, as that by Sea Wa- ter.

Sect,

72 On the Use

Sect. II.

Of the Reafonablenefs of the Method of Cure> and the Medicines.

FRom what has been faid therefore, of the Nature of difeafed Glands in general, it will appear, I think, evi- dent to every Phyfician, converfant with Anatomy in the leaft Degree, that he is entrufted with the Care of an organic Subjed, whofe Health depends upon a Variety of Secretions, duly and regular- ly performed.

For, as the Wife Author of our Being forefaw, that from various Acci- dents, fome of thefe would be out of Order, obftru&ed, and by that Means impede the ftated Laws of Circulation, fb He has, in the Abundance of his Goodnefs, contrived a Multiplicity of thefe Secretions ; and given them as fo

( many

Of Sea Wa ter, 73

many Aids, and Affiftances, to each o- ther : that, when at any Time fome one of them in particular is obftrudted, an- other may relieve the Habit, by fupply- ing it's Defeat. And indeed Nature is able, in this Manner, to cure many Difeafes, in the Beginning, without any Help from the Phyfician ; and fo far fhe may truly be called, Medicatrix

MORBORUM.

Becaufe, when one of thefe Secretions is obftru&ed in it's Duty, fhe can em- ploy another in a larger Degree; and though perhaps not abiblutely with the fame Eafe, fhe thereby prevents the Ma- chine from being overloaded, or at leaf!: from ftanding ftill. And indeed unlefs Nature could effe£t this by her own Powers, a fingle Excefs in eating or drinking, a fudden Change of the Air, or the Seafons, would difcompofe, and put an End to this beautiful Machine of Man.

K Con-

74 On the Use

Confidering therefore the human Bo- dy in this Light, I always thought it the great Bufinefs of a Phyfician, to co- py Nature in all her Methods of curing Difeafes; and when any Part was ob- ftru&ed, or Secretion leffened, to look upon her as his Guide, and fet on Foot, or enlarge fome other.

And that this is the Way Nature takes to prevent Difeafes, which might arife from Obftrudlions of any Part of the glandular Syftem, is plain, from the common Inftance of taking Cold. For let a Perfon by any Means put a fud- den Stop to Perfpiration, and the imme- diate Method fhe takes is, to fend off what fhe can of the fupprefied Dif- charge, by the larger, and more lax Glands. The Perfon's Eyes will water; the Glands of the Nofe will be affe&ed ; thofe of the Throat, and Trachea^ will be fubje&ed to a Fluxion ; and he will have, what Phyficians call, a Catarrh.

All

Of Sea Wa t e r. 75

All thefe are fo many Endeavours to get rid of the Redundancy, which could not be let pafs by the cutaneous Pores.

A Phyfician therefore, who is fkilful enough to manage thefe Matters right, will never fail of being ufeful ; and if it be not in his Power to cure, will gene- rally preferve his Patient, by checking the Violence of the Difeafe.

And tho' the larger Emun&ories, the Axilla^ Inguen^ Soles of the Feet, &c. are of great Afliftance, yet they are not fo abfolutely under the Phyfician's Pow- er, as the Glands of the alimentary Tube; which feem alfo by Nature to be left more patent, and better fitted to fend off Redundances ; which as they offend in Quantity chiefly, may be let pafs more crude this Way ; and do not require fo laborious a Triture, as thofe deftined to go off by Tranfpiration.

The animal Oeconomy being thus far underftood, the Phyfician is inftru&ed

K 2 how

76 On the Use

how to make Ufe of thefe Helps. And under fuch a Perfon's Care, the glandu- lar Secretions may be, in a great Mea- fure, determined. He is the Condu&or at leafl of the Difeafe, and, tho* he pof- fibly may not cure it, has it greatly in his Power, to direct it by this or that Outlet, whichever may be fafeft for the Patient ; and turn off that Difeafe, which otherwife would be fatal to the Lungs, or fome other principal Part, by diffe- rent Channels ; whofe proper Offices poffibly were to receive it, and by that Difcharge relieve us in a Time of great Diftrefs.

In this Light, the Phyfician is of great Ufe, tho' he fhould not cure the Pa- tient. It is doing a great Deal, to be able to change a dangerous Difeafe into a lefs dangerous one; and to enable a Perfon, who is otherwife to dye foon of an acute Ulnefs, to carry on, to a mo- derate or long Life, the* Seeds of thofe

, Pifeafes?

Of Sea Wa ter, 77

Difeafes, which, for what I know, were intended as fo many Agents towards our Dijfolution.

The Art therefore of changing one Difeafe into another, is no fmall Part of the Phyfician's Science ; and I believe it would be more to the Safety of the Pa- tient, and the Honour of the Phyfician, if this particular Branch of his divine Art was better underftood.

The Art of curing Dropfies by the abforbing Veffels, is another great In- ftance of this ; where, by giving a tem- porary Difeafe to the Kidnies, the Se- cretion is turned off from the Glands of the Peritonaeum^ and the Lymphatics of the lower Belly ; and great Quantities of Water are abforpt, and returned by the Kidnies. This is frequently done, by the Ufe of faponaceous Remedies, and lixivial Salts. And I remember, upon converting with the celebrated Profeffor Dr. BoerhaavEj he told me of many

Drop-

78 On the Use

Dropfies he had cured this Way; and much recommended the Method.

But the moft remarkable Cafe I ever faw, was of a Farmer's Wife, to whom I was called to confult about tapping her. The Surgeon judged there might be more than fix Gallons of Water, if the Operation had been performed. But becaufe the Patient was at that Time very weak, and unequal to it, we firft tried what Medicines would do ; and as this Dropfy proceeded from Obftruftions of the urinary Paflages, I advifed as fol- lows:

R Millep. ppt. ztj. Sapon. Venet. %fs. Gum. ammoniac, sij. Balfam. SulpL Tereb. q. s. f. Pi/. X. e Jing.

Drachm, ^uarum fumat vj vel viij ter Jing.

Diebus fuperbibendo Cyath. Vin*

medic, fequent.

& Sal

Of Sea Wa tel 79

R Sal. Abfinth. zj. Sacch. alb. ziij

01. Nuc. Mofch. chym. gtt. vj Vin. alb. %j. m.f. Vin. medic.

The Confequence of this was, that fix- teen Stones, as large as Marbles, were difcharged. Only fifteen of them are reprefented in the Plate ; (See Plate \.) the other, for the Singularity of the Cafe, was begged of me by Dr. Nicholls, an eminent Phyfician in London. And I believe, I have formerly feen, in the Collection of my much efteemed Friend Mr. Cheselden, the beft Li- thotomift of his Time, fome Ureters fill- ed with Stones of the fame Kind.

I was called again to the Woman, under' fuch a conftant Secretion of Wa- ter by the Kidnies, that the SphinEler of the Bladder was wearied out. The Water came away involuntary, ran thro'

the

8o

On the Use

the Bed and Floor of the Chamber, We fupported her with proper Cordials : and I advifed the Legs, Thighs, and Belly to be rolled. And thus the whole Dropfy was abforpt, and fent off by the Kidnies, in a very little Time. The Woman lived fifteen Years after this Cure, and never had the leaft Relapfe.

Thus we fee Secretions are often in our Power, and the Phyfician can ma- ny Times determine them to pafs, by what Outlet he pleafes. And to fhew how obedient the Glands are, in furnifh- ing Secretions of their Fluids, when they are follicited to it, either by Pain or Vel- lication, I fhall add a remarkable In- fiance of it.

I have in my Flock this Year an Ewe that was barren, had loft her Milk, and yet took upon herfelf the nurfing of a Lamb, whofe Mother by fome Accident died. By the Young one's fucking her, Plenty of Milk was again brought into

c the

Of Sea Wa ter, 8i

the Udder, and fhe made it a very fine, fat Lamb. When my Shepherd affirm- ed this to me, I ordered the Ewe to be produced, as it happened at the Time of fhearing the Flock ; and we found Plenty of Milk brought again by the Lamb, after fhe had been dried off nine Months. And other Shepherds confirm- ed the Truth of this Fa6t.

To the fame Purpofe, I find a Cale in Regner de Graaf; of a Bitch fucked by a Cat. D. vande Velde, in cujus JEdibus Domicilium Delphis elegimuSy non abhiftc longo Tempore Ca- nem habuit admodiun pinguem^ ex cujus Mammis Felis per aliquot Annos Lac ex- Juxit> tarn copiofumy ut inde fere ?iutri- retur\ idque per multos Annos abfque quod unqua7n generajfety imoy quod ?na~ gis efty coiviffet \ nam toto Tempore^ quo Canem Coitum appetere ani?nadvertebanty Mam diligenter cujlodiebant. Nihilo?ni~ nus tandem aliquando Cams aliquis Do-

L mum

82 On the Use

mum intrans cum ilia coivit ; ^f ab illo Tempore Felts nunquam Lac, quemad- modum ante, ex Ma?nmis exfugere vo- luit. a

As I write this to the Profeffion, I think it needlefs to produce any other Inftances.

It is upon this Principle I attempt the removing all recent Tumours, and Flux- ions, upon the Glands of the Trachea^ and Lungs ; from which, as Hippo- crates obferves, Confumptions fre- quently take their Rife. hAliis autem, ji per Palatum in Guttur multa Fluxio contingat) ut plurimwn Morbi Tabis o~ riuntur ; replentur enim Pulmones Pitui- tdy atque ea ipfa Pus jit, id quod Pul- mones exedit, &* JEgroti non facile Su- perjlites manent.

In fuch recent Fluxions, this Method generally fucceeds; and indeed it fel-

a Fid. Regner. de Graaf. de Fir. Organ, p. 1 26. b Fid, Hippocrat. ae QlanduL Seft. 1 0,

dom

Of Sea Wa t e r. 83

dom fails, unlefs in very inveterate Ca- fes. On the lame Principle, I attempt to remove all recent Tumours of the Glands of the Joints, and other Parts ; and find the inteftinal Glands will for the mod Part fully anfwer the Patient's, and the Phyfician's Wifh. And tho' I am far from affirming this Method of Salt Water will do every Thing, there being fome obftinate Tumours, and cu- taneous Eruptions, which will elude it's Force ; yet after Trials of this, and o- ther Medicines, which have Simulated too much, I have committed the Pa- tients fome Months to drink of Water, and a Milk Diet ; and then, the Acri- niony being abated, I have cured them by thofe very Remedies, which did not anfwer before. For Veffels, when they are too much ftimulated, will contract greatly, and will not fuffer the Difeafe to be returned, or pafs off, by any Means* In fuch Circumftances, mild

L 2 Altera-

84 On the Use

Alteratives, Water drinking, a Milk Diet, and in feme Cafes tepid Bathing, beft prepare the Patient for this Courfe.

I have obferved alfo, that the large Glands of the Neck, Axilla^ and others of the fame Sort, are fooner emptied than thofe of the Skin ; which give more Trouble, and are longer before their Channels are fcoured, and clean- fed ; fome of the Herpes Kind being ve- ry obftinate.

I have known my Patients fometimes fick, upon recalling the Difeafe by topi- cal Remedies ; but hardly ever, when the Ufe of them has been attended by Purging with Sea Water. For then a Provifion is made for it, in promoting a Difcharge by the inteftinal Glands ; and when it has habitually pafied that Way for fome Time, the Evacuation becomes as it were natural, and the Pa- tient finds no Neceffity of the Difeafe being difcharged by the Skin. And if

it

Of Sea Water, 85

it fhould return, we may again apply to the fame Method for it's Cure; and pro- vide a fit Outlet for it, by thofe very Ways, for what I know, thro' which Nature intended at firft it fhould pafs. By whofe Aid, if they had remained un- obftru&ed, the Difeafe might very pro- bably have pafled off, without fhewing itfelf at all.

We may evidently fee, how apt the inteftinal Glands are to receive a Tranf- lation of Humours from the Skin, when a Colic ends in cutaneous Eruptions ; and if they are by any Means recalled, the Colic, and frequently a Diarrhoea^ renews it's Attack. In this Cafe, the inteftinal Glands receive the Difeafe in- ftead of thofe of the Skin, and the of- fending Matter, which would otherwile fhew itfelf in Puftules, or be fent off by Perfpiration, is difcharged by the Intef- tines. We meet with Something like this inHippocKATEs: Si vero Fluxio

retro

86 On the Use

retro procejferity per Palatum^ SP in Ven- irem Pituita pervenerit^ fluunt quidem korum Ventres^ non autem cegrotant. a

This Method of Cure therefore is Na- ture's ; and in many or mod Cafes, will fucceed.

In the next Place, I have obferved, when the Glands have been a long Time diftended ; much loaded with Humours ; and their Texture weakened by frequent Fluxions ; that it was not only neceffary to provide for them a larger Difcharge, by the inteftinal Glands, but that a great- er Revulfion alfo fhould be made, than could be fafely done by Purging alone. In which Cafe, I found Emetics of great Service; efpecially, in Difeafes of the uterine Glands; where they had been much weakened, I found repeated Vo- mits, joined to a Courfe of Sea Water, and Bathing in the Sea, had often the defired EfFedt.

% Hippocrat. de Gland. Sfft. 9.

But

Of Sea Wa t e r. .87

But as Turpeth Mineral, and other mi- neral Vomits, were generally too rough for fuch tender Habits, I ufually called to my Aid Ipecacuanha, or Squills. And indeed the Sea Onion is an excellent Me- dicine. We fee what it will do in Drop- fies, and in Difeafes, which threaten a Dropfy of the Cheft; and where the Lymphatics want to be emptied, it is, in my Efteem, the beft vegetable Vo- mit. For it makes fufficient Revuliion j it opens the Kidneys ; promotes all Se- cretions, efpecially that by Urine ; and does it's Office fafely, without running the Rifque of throwing the Patient into colliquative Diarrhoeas, which very often melt down a Conftitution into a Con- fumption. Gerard fays, one Part of the baled Squill or Sea Onion, mixed with eight Parts of Salt, and taken in the Morning fa/ling, to the Quantity of a Spoonful or two, loofeneth the Belly. And if the Iufufion of Squills is given

with

88 On the Use

with flrong Cinnamon Water, it feldom vomits, but will go off by Stools, and very plentifully by the Kidneys ; which makes it of fuch great Ufe in Dropfies.

Upon mentioning the Excellency of the Squill, it naturally occurrs to me, that moft of the Remedies the Antients ufed, in the Cure of difeafed Glands, were taken from the Sea ; which I think very worthy our Notice. For we may fairly fuppofe, that their known Virtues made them be fo univerfally applied; efpecially as the antient Practice was formed more upon Experience, and Ob- fervation of what did Good, than upon any particular Syftem.

And as I have mentioned the Squill, I prefume I fhall eafily be pardoned, for giving a flight View of the Reme- dies, ufed by the Antients. But I muft firft obferve, how very unjuft it would be, to rob this Method of the Supplies, and Affiftance, which may be called in

t. from

Of Sea Water. 89

from other Medicines ; a Right that e- very other Method never fails to claim. For altho' Sea Water has many very ex- cellent Qualities in itfelf alone, yet I think, it may fometimes receive Affift- ance, from other Remedies being join- ed with it.

But I return to the Medicines chiefly ufed by the Antients, in Difeafes of the Glands ; moft of which were compofed of Calces of fome Kind, and lixivial Salts. Pliny fays, Tejlce OJirearum Cwis U- vamfedaty modo Parotidas^ modo Panos^ Mammaramque Duritias. And indeed all the Conchcz marina calcined, were ufed by them, in difeafed Glands. The Pumex ajfatusy the Spongia calcinata> the Os Sepice ujl. &c. were ufed by them in the like Cafes. And Calces of all Kinds, to this Day are found ufeful, in diffolving Concretions, and correding the fcorbutic Leaven in our Blood.

M I remem-

90 On the Use

I remember feeing a Patient, who had been troubled with a Cough, and fpitting of Blood, a great while, cured by drinking the Aqua BenediEla compo- Jita of Dr. Bates. He fpit up two ragged Stones, like Chalk ; which might poffibly have been diflblved in Part, by the Lime Water. However he reco- vered.

The American Calx is made of a Sort of Madrepora, which they drag out of the Sea ; and if we may credit Accounts, the Inhabitants cure their Tumours of the Glands with this Remedy. And the Siamese have fo great an Opinion of Lime made of Sea Shells, that it is a great Part of the Composition of their famous Areque> which they chew al- moft conftantly. It is made of a certain Fruit, about the Bignefs of an Acorn, cut in Pieces, mixed with the Lime of Sea Shells, and wrapt up in the Betel Leaf. B o n t i u s takes Notice of this

< Medi-

TAB .V

MADREPORA

Of Sea Wate'r. 91

Medicine, in his Treatife of the Indian Method of curing Difeafes. a Prceter hoc, peculiar e hie habemus, nobile Medi- cament urn, quod conjicitur ex Arecca, Sf Betek) & Calce viva, ex Ofirearum Con- chyliis ujld, quod mafiicando Pituitam ex Capite elicit^ eamque, quce. in Ventriculo ejl) confumity ac prohibet ne Vaporibus Caput impleat^ unde hi Catarrhi nafcun- tur. And again he fays ; Ejus Defcrip- tionem & reliquas Virtutes infignes, qui- bus fine dubio prceditum eft, vide apud Garciam in Hi/lorid Aromatum, Capi- te de Betele & Areccd. And in his eighteenth Chapter, where he fpeaks of the Cure of that obftinate Herpes, which the Indians call Courap, he fays they ufe with Succefs the following Litus :

R Opii sfs.

Calcis vh. ex Conchyliis ujl. $ij fricentur in Mar more cum Succo

a Bontius, cap. 12.

M 2 Porno-

92 On the Use

Pomorum Atnoris. Ufurus ab- radat Crufiam Herpetis^ deiny abjlerfo Ichore^ illinat.

I have faid thus much to confirm us in the Ufe of Calces^ joined with Sea Water, in Difeafes of the Glands.

Alga likewife of every Kind cleanfe very much, on which Account they have obtained the Name of Fuci. The ^uercus marinay taken frefli from the Sea, is the beft of them; but of this Plant I fliall fay no more at prefent, be- caufe I have deftined a particular De- fcription hereafcer, both of the Plant, and it's Ufes.

The Antients feem to have had di- vers Sorts of thefe Algce ; as, the Palea marina ; the Alga laElucea ; and the Alga fceniculata tinEioria, wThich they faid would cure the Bite of Scorpions ; from whence perhaps it obtained the Character of a Theriac, as Nicander

( obferves.

Of Sea Wa ter, 93

obferves. And our Fifhermen even now, when they are flung with the Ray Fijh, or that Fifli they call the Viver^ and cannot get the Liver, which they efteem as a Specific in that Cafe; the next Thing they fly to is a Lump of wet Al- ga, as it comes up with the Sea, which they apply to the Part, and it foon al- lays the Pain of the Wound, and difii- patcs the Tumour. Garidel like- wife informs us, that the Inhabitants of Provence^ in France^ apply the Algae to Bruifes of the Body, which, he fays, have the natural Power of refolving Contu- sions, and then cites thefe remarkable Words of Pliny; a Curatum ed ejfe fcioy omnibus fere Ojfibus confraElts^ pro- lapfum ex alt a Arbor e Putatorem^ cir- cumdatd univerfo Corporis Aquamfuam mfpergentibus, quoties inarefceret^ raro- que^ nee nifi dejicientem Herba?n, Mu- tahonis Caufd^ refolventibtis^ convaluijfe vix credibili Celeritate.

a Pl*n. Nat. Hijl. lib, 27. tap. 8. NOW

94 On the. Use

Now tho' I am not ignorant of the little Weight Pliny's Authority bears amongft the Learned, in fome Things, yet I think, we ought to diftinguifh between what he gives from his own Knowledge, and what he relates only upon the Faith and Credit of other Au- thors.

But it will be fufficient for our Pur- pofe, to draw this Concluflon only, from what has been faid ; that the An- tients made Ufe of thefe Algce^ in dif- folving Tumours. And to ftrengthen the Authorities already mentioned, we may add that of Dioscorides, who fays, that all Kinds of Alga are good to cool; and in gouty Cafes, and In- flammations, are particularly ufeful : that is, when they are frefh gathered.

The Halcyonium^ or the Spuma Ma- ris, was another Remedy the Antients ufed in thefe Cafes, of which they had divers Sorts. Dioscorides fays the

< red,

Of Sea Wa ter, 95

red, which was brought from Mile- si u m, and compofed of a Matter like a Lump of Worms, was the beft. They calcined it with Salt, before they ufed it, and made it a very abfterfive Reme- dy. Mathiolus fays, he faw this red Kind at V e n 1 c e ; but for my Part, I own, I never yet met with it.

From thefe Hints, we may eafily com- pofe different Forms of Medicines ; and amongft the reft, I have frequently giv- en the following Powder, in Imitation ofC^ELius Aurelianus, with ve- ry good Succefs.

R Of. Sepice uft. Pumic. uft. Sal. Nitri Corallin. aa. p. a.

In young People I prefer the Coral- line> becaufe of it's Ufefulnefs in Worms. Mathiolus fays, he knew a Child

bring

96 On the Use

bring away above an hundred Worms by taking Coralline. And indeed the Ufe of Coralline^ joined with Sea Water, is much to be commended in Cafes where Worms are fufpe&ed. And Antonius Musa Brasavolus has obferved the fame good Quality in Nitre, a In Jure Drach?nam unam &* Semis Nitri adhi- bui\ &? crajfas Materia s eduxit, & quandoque moriuos Vermes ; nam mirum in Modum Vermes necat ; injinitis Pue- rulis ad Scrupulum unum prcebui\ £&? Vermes omnes interfecit.

Topical Remedies, in fbme external Tumours, are of Service ; tho' I think them not always fafe, and indeed do not greatly depend upon them. But when the Glands approach near to a ScirrhuSy a Lotion with Oil of Tartar per Deliq. and Sea Water is an effica- cious Remedy : and fo likewife is P l 1-

a Anton. Mus. Brasavox. de Medicament. purgant. pag. 122.

ny's

Of Sea Water. 97

n y's Decodtion of Frogs in Sea Water, if it be neceffary to relax the Stricture of the VefTels, and far exceeds the com- mon Fmplajlrum de Ranis.

But Nature has given us, during fome Part of the Year, the beft refolutive Re- medy imaginable ; I mean, the ^uercus Marina. In the Month of July, little Veficles are found growing upon this Plant, which are diftended with a flip- pery, faponaceous Liquor. Thefe muft be broken in the Hand, and the Tu- mour rubbed with them, till the fapo- naceous Liquor has thoroughly penetra- ted ; and laftly, the Tumour fhould be walhed perfectly clean with Sea Water, and wiped dry. The following Fucus, or Smegma^ which I frequently ufe, is of equal, if not fuperiour Strength, to the natural Wafh j

R Veficular. ^uer. Marin. Liquore fuo plenar.

N Menfe

98 O N T HE Us £

Menfe Julio cotteSi. Voij

Aq. Marin. ¥bij.

Jicec fient fimul in Vafe vitreo per Dies decern, vel quindecem, do- nee fiat Liquor \ ad Spiffitudinem Mellis tenuijjimi proxime acce- dens : turn cola, & illo Liquor e Glandulas affeSlas frica,fub De- clinatione Tumoris prcecipue, bis terve Diebus fmgulis ; poftea ad Munditiem Aqua Marina lava.

Nothing exceeds this in the Declen- fion of Tumours, becaufe it entirely dif- lipates all Hardnefs. But acid Forms of Mercury are apt to produce Callofities, as Surgeons fee by the Ufe of red Pre- cipitate. Therefore to diffipate Scirrhi, we fhould call to our Afliftance fuch Forms of Medicine, as have a certain Kind of Stimulus, that will not indu- rate the Solids,

All

Of Sea Wa t e r. 99

All thefe external Forms are of Ufe, fo far as they conduce to Diffipation ; render the Veffels fit to remit their Hu- mours into the larger Truncs ; and from thence become fubjeA to the Laws of Circulation, in a more eafy Manner than they were before, and confequently more under the Phyfician's Power.

All Forms of Medicine, which pro- mote Suppuration, are wrong ; for it is our chief Bufinefs and Care to prevent the forming of Matter, or to extirpate the Tumour. Becaufe where a Gland once comes to Suppuration, it poifons the Blood, and lays a Foundation for future Tumours. Therefore in the Ufe of fait Water, great Confederation fhould be had, how to redify the Tone of the Solids, as well as alter, and correal the Fluids ; and thefe Meafures fhould go on Hand in Hand.

And tho5 Sea Water will do a great deal by itfelf, in internal Tumours, yet,

N 2 in

i oo On the Use

in Order to have it's right Effect upon Difeafes of the Liver, and Kidneys, fa- ponaceous Medicines fhould be joined to it ; by which, the Rigidity of the Fi- bres is foftened; the PaiTages are ren- dered more flippery ; and the Difcharge of Gall Stones from the Liver, and of others from the Kidneys, becomes more eafy, and is better effected by the faline Medicine, than when given, without any faponaceous Remedies attending it. But if any Fever arifes, that gives Reafon to apprehend the forming of Matter, in any of the Vifcera^ I choofe to omit the Soap, and all lixivial §alts, and truft wholly to bleeding, and faline Purges. For Salt refifts Putrefa&ion, and does not encourage Apoftemations like refi- nous Purges, as I have obferved in this Differtation ; befides that it will de- terge, and empty the Glands of their vifcid Obstructions, and carry off Hu- midities. Mulii Hydropicos Sale curave-

re*

Of Sea Wa ter, ioi

?ey £kf TuJJim veterem Lin£lu ejus dif- cujfere. a

The Antients were acquainted with the Power Salt has, in refitting Putre- faction, and prefcribed it to be held un- der the Tongue, every morning, till the Saliva diffolved it. They ufed it to cleanfe the Teeth, and prevent Erofions, and Putrefactions of the Gums, in fcor- butic People ; and it is doubtlefs an ex- cellent Dentifrice. Thus you fee fifh- ing Women, who are dayly on the Shore, and get their Living by catching Shell-Fifh, have generally white Teeth, firm Gums, and are free from all pu- trid, fcorbutic Coughs, and Fluxions. The Reafon of which feems to be, that the furrounding Atmofphere is loaded with faline Particles, which rife from the Surface of the Sea, or rather, are forced off by the dafhing of the Waves : for little or no Sea Salt is exhaled by the Heat of the Sun.

a Plin. Nat, Bift, lib. 30. cap.q. *H

102 On the Use

In the next Place, I cannot omit the Ufe of Sea Water in the Broncbocele, without the greateft Injuftice, as it has been of fignal Benefit in that Difeafe. And whilft I am writing, I am fa- voured with a Letter from my Learned Friend Dr. Lee, which, amongft other Things, gives me the following Account. In variis Morborum Generibus> non me- diocrem Opem Aqua attulit marina : in Scorbuticis autem^ &* Strumojis ea free-* Jlat huzc Medicina^ quce ab aliis quibufvis frujlra forfa7t dejideres. Broncho- c e l e, quce per multos Annos it a penitus infederat, ut Spiritus tarn loquendo quam movendo plus fatis labor aret, unico hoc Remedio Curationem recepit. Ipfam Le- pram, ubi totius fere Corporis Pars futn- ma MaculiS) Squammulifque exafperata eft) bibendo lavandoquey bis novi fanatam. Hoc inter ea minime te latet ; hoc etiam alios intelligere oportet^ eadem Auxilia JEgris o?nnibus^ non magis quam Mor- tis

Of Sea Water. 103

bis omnibus convenire : facilius certe fee- j)iufque convenient ', Ji Ingeniu?7t exercita- turn, & qucedam paulo fubtilior Obfer- vatio adhibeantur.

But really, where the Bronchocele will not yield to this Method, and has been of long ftanding, there are generally fome extravafated Humours contained in the fatty Cells, which Nothing, but the Operation, can cure.

And here I muft obferve, that I ad- vife (having the Head ; keeping the Neck cool ; and wafhed with cold wet Alga^ at the Declenfion of Tumours of the concatenated Glands ; becaufe No- thing, in my Opinion, weakens the Tone of the difeafed Parts fo much, as the Ufe of hot Cloathing. And indeed the whole Regimen of Diet, Cloathing, Air, and Medicines, ought to be cool ; which would often prevent Scirrhi^ or Cancers. It is from the Heat of the Air, that the AjiaticS) and People of warmer Climates,

are

104 On the Use

are more fubjeft to thefe Difeafes, than the Inhabitants of the North. a ^uoad externa* Caufas, Aer eligatur frigidus & humiduS) potifftmum frigidus \ ob id in Germania raroy in Asia frequenter Cancri oriuntur.

I have had Children fent to me weak, pale, loaded with Hair, their Necks and Throats wrapt up in Flannel, and in fliort the whole Texture of the Body relaxed, by too hot Cloathing, and Night Sweats ; whom I have returned to their Parents, bare necked, their Heads fha- ved, the Tumours of the Neck cured, and their whole Countenance healthy, after having ftrengthened them by bath- ing in the Sea.

I mention this again, that I may dis- courage Parents, from enervating and fpoiling their Offspring, out of too much Fondnefs, by overloading them with Cloaths, whilft they are in the Cradle ;

a Fabricius ab Aqjjapend. pag. 120.

1 from

Of Sea Wa t e r. 105

from whence the Plant, that Nature de- figned to be hardy, and robuft, is ren- dered weak, and fickly.

The only Obfervation, that now re- mains for me to make, is, that Sea Wa- ter will be found an excellent Remedy, in Conftipations of the Belly ; for by emptying the Inteftines, and carrying off all Crudities, which would otherwife opprefs the morbid Vifcera^ it renders the Paffage of Gravel, and Stones from the biliary Dud, far more eafy.

Thus have I at length performed my Promife; I have faithfully pointed out, as far as I was able, what Sea Water will, and what it will not do ; and wherever I had the leaft Reafon to en- tertain any Doubt, I have either been abfolutely filent on that Head, or have confeffed my Ignorance, without obtru- ding upon the Reader, any Conje&ures, or Fancies of my own. The Hiftories of Cafes, which are fubjoined to this

O Work,

io6 On the Use

Work, are of fuch as fell either under my own Infpedtion, or that of my Friends, of whofe Fidelity I cannot in the leaft doubt. And the9 we do not meet with the fame good Suceefs, in every Inftance, yet I place more Hope and Confidence in this, than in any other Method.

But before I clofe this Se&ion, I will add fomething with Regard to the Hints which led me into this Courfe, and the Authorities which encouraged me to la- bour at finding out it's Ufes ; fince per- haps this may not be difagreeable to fome of my Readers.

Firfl: then, I had obferved for a long Time, that the Inhabitants on the Sea Coafts took to their Affiftance Sea Wa- ter, in Difeafes of the lower Belly, and in thofe principally, which owed their Rife to Worms ; and that Dioscori- des befides had Ipent a whole Chapter in recounting it's Virtues. But I found that both he, and Pliny, had either

tranf-

Of Sea Water. 107

tranfplanted into their own Works the common Notions of their Time, or had very little examined, or experienced, the real Powers of this Medicine. And the Succefs, with which the Inhabitants of the Sea Coafts made Ufe of it, entirely confirmed me in this. If we except this Inaccuracy in our two Authors, they have both of them given many good Hints, of the Virtues of this Water, and their Obfervations in fome Meafure point- ed out to me the Path I was to tread.

Farther, having experienced the Ex- cellency of Glauber's Salt, in many Difeafes of the Skin, I refolved to try Sea Water in fome fimilar Cafes ; and foon found it to be a good Remedy, in Difeafes of the cutaneous Glands.

Some Time after, about the Year 1730, I met with a Book of fome ano- nymous Author, entitled the Family Companion; where Sea Water is much praifed, and recommended as a Purge

O 2 parti-

io8 On the Use

particularly convenient for Sailors. And laftly, not many Years ago, when I talk- ed upon this Subject with my Friend Mr. Webb, a very fkilful Surgeon in London, who had experienced the Effi- cacy of this Method, he exhorted me to proceed, in my Practice, and Trial of this great Medicine.

Thefe in general were the Reafons, and thefe the Authorities, which at firft encouraged me to the Trial ; and then confirmed me in my good Opinion of Sea Water. And indeed upon this Sub- ject I have beftowed a great deal of Pains, and Application, in repeating va- rious, and numberlefs Experiments, in the Purfuit of it.

It may perhaps be thought proper to obferve, before we proceed to the Hifto- ry of Cafes, that all the Prefcriptions are taken from the Apothecary's Shops : and that I have fele&ed only one Cafe, from many of the fame Kind, left I fhould

< tire

Of Sea Water. 109

tire the Reader, by extending the Lift of Cures to an immoderate Length.

History I.

Of a maturated Gland of the Lungs ^ with large Tonfrils^ and fcrophuhus Tumours in the IVeck, and behind the Ear.

IW a s called to a Boy of twelve Years old, very much emaciated with an hedtic Fever, occafloned by Matter retained in the Lungs. He had a conftant Cough, without any {pitting ; and walked with the greateft Difficulty. The Tonfills were enlarged, and the Neck full o'f fcrophulous Tumours ; one or two of which, next the Ear, were exceeding hard, and painful.

To prevent the Abfcefs from encrea- fing, I ordered Bleeding 3 the Boy al-

moft

no On the Use

moft fwooned; and a very ftrong Ef- fort of coughing and vomiting fucceed- ed; by which Means the Impofthume broke, and a fmall Quantity of Matter was difcharged. I remember to have feen this happen more than once. For when the difeafed Parts have recovered their Elajiicity^ by Means of Venaefec- tion, the retained Matter is immediately thrown off. I advifed as follows :

R Sperm. Ceti dj SaL Nitri gr. viij Corallin. dfs Aq. LaSi. ijfs Cinnam. ten. %fs Syr. Balf. zj. m.f. Haujl. ter die fumend.

R Sperm. Ceti dj Margarit. ppt. dj Sacch. perlat. dfs m. f. Pulv. mane &* noSie fumend. nn cochl. j. LaSi. afinin. fuperbibendo haufium ejufdem.

By the Ufe of thefe Medicines, and

i gentle

Of Sea Wa ter. hi

gentle riding, the Lungs were cleanfed> and the Caufe ceafing, his hedtic Fever alfo vanifhed. But as a little Cough ftill remained, I fent him to B r i g h t h e l m- stone, a Town on the Sea Coaft, that he might have near him the Medicine deftined to relieve his Obftrudlions. He then took Glauber's Salt, and Man- na \ and afterwards entered upon the following Method :

R JEthiop. mineral gr. XX Milleped. gr. viij Lac. Sidph. gr. vj Pulp. Cajice fi/lul. q. s. f BoL hord fom- nifumend. bibendo 16/? Aq, Marin,, mane fequent.

R TinEl. Milleped. cum TinB. Sal. Tart. par at. %ij fumat cochl. minim, (i. e, a Tea Spoonful) hord una ante frandium> quotidie in cyatho A- qua Briftolienf. pauxillo Vin. Rhe- nan, commixto.

This

ii2 On the Use

This moved him three or four Times. His Appetite returned j he began to re- cover his Flefh ; and the Tumours of the Neck, and Tonfills decreafed. I then ordered the Head to be fhaved, the Neck to be kept cool, and the Tu- mours to be waflied every Day, with the following Lotion ;

R 01. Tartar, per deliq. %fs. Aq. Marin. Ybj. m. f. Lotto.

By thefe Means the Tumours gradual- ly declined, and towards the End of their Declenfion, the Neck, and Parts affe&ed, were rubbed with the ^uercus Marina, taken frefh from the Sea, with all it's Soapynefs upon it. And by this Method, all the Tumours in a very fhort Time difappeared. Laftly, after drinking Sea Water for the Space of three Months, I advifed cold Bathing. The Boy by frequent fwimming in the Sea,

( grew

Of Sea Wa t e r. 113

grew hardier and ftronger, and return- ed Home in good Health.

I have treated this Cafe more fully, upon this Account ; that the Reader might fee, in what Time of the Dif- eafe, I ufually advife the drinking of Sea Water ; and how proper it is to be continued as a Purge, for fome Months. And it may be neceffary to ojbferve, that the Thirft, which is perceived upon the firft drinking of it, generally goes off by Ufe.

But altho' what I have faid with Re- gard to treating the Glands of the Lungs in a State of Maturation, may perhaps be fufficient ; yet it will be proper to obferve, that unlefs the Matter be thrown off from the Lungs, Sea Water can be of no Sort of Benefit ; and that unlefs you guard againft any new Fluxions, by a conftant Courfe of drinking it, the weak Parts cannot recover their for- mer Strength, and muft neceffarily be

P fob-

ii4 On the Use

fubje&ed to frefh Attacks of the fame Diftemper.

Hist. II.

Of difeafed Glands not fuppurated.

ONE of the Domeftics of his Grace the Duke of was

brought to me, with a large Tumour, reaching from the Ear down the Neck to the Clavicle. This was, I believe, hereditary, his Sifter labouring under the like Indifpofition. As this Man had con- traded an He&ic by the Uie of Mer- curials, I removed him to Bright- helmstone; dire&ed bleeding, and the following Medicines:

Mitt. Sang. Iviij.

R JEtbiop. mineral, lij Milleped. ppt. zijfs Spang* ujl. iij

Lac,

Of Sea Wa t e r. 115

Lac. Sulph. sij Conf. Paronych. $vj Syr. Rofar. folut. q. s. f. EleB. de quo fumat q. n. m. ma- ne & vefperi, bibendo Vbj Aquce Ma- rine poji tnatutin. dojin.

R TinSi. Sal. Tart. %vj. TinEl. Croci. zij. m. fumat Cochl. minim, herd una ante prandium in cyath. Vin. Rhenan.

veteris.

He grew cooler; all the concatena- ted Tumours of the Neck difappeared ; and the large Tumour, which feemed to be the Bafis as it were of the reft, was reduced ; leaving a fmall indurated Gland, which was without Pain, and fo hard and fmooth, that I fuppofed it to be a true Scirrhus ; and imagined it might lye without Trouble, or be taken out, as the Patient pleafed. But he not

P 2 choofing

n6 On the Use

choofing the Operation, the Spring fol- lowing it maturated, and was difchar- ged by Mr. Mercer; the Capfula di- gefted out, and foon healed ; without any new Tumours arifing hitherto, al- though there is great Danger of the Re- turn of this Difeafe.

Hist. III.

Of a Swelling in the Glands of the Knee.

I Was called to a Patient with a large Tumour of the Glands, about the Joint of the Knee, which refilled the common Method. He was of a robuft flefhy Habit -y his Pulfe quiet ; and the Part in no great Degree of Pain. But the Ufe of the Leg was taken away, by the StifFnefs of the Joint, and the Flux- ion, which had lafted for the Space of eight Months: yet, by the following Method he was cured.

After

Of Sea Wa t e r. 117

After lofing Blood, I advifed an E- metic of Ipecacuanha, and Turpeth Mi- neral, to be taken once a Week, and upon the intermediate Days, the follow- ing Eledluary with Sea Water.

R ALthiop. vegetabil. ziij Of. SepicB ujl. ziij Corallin. %fs. Milleped. ppt. iij Conf Paronych. %ifs Syr. e $q; Radic. aperient, q. s. f. RleSl. de quo fumat q. n. m. bis die, bibendo Vbj Aqucz Marincc ma- ne fequenti.

The Part was rubbed dayly with frefh Ung. Nutrit. and as the Tumours de- clined, he ufed cold Sea Bathing, and gentle Fri&ion with the ^uercus Ma- rina, to ftrengthen the Part. By this Method the Tumour was cured, and he walks well

Hist.

n8 On the Use

— ■

Hist. IV.

Of tumijied Ciliary Glands.

OPthalmies, and Lippitudes, as the Confequences of long Fluxions upon the Glands of the Eye-lids, give great Trouble to the Phyfician and Sur- geon ; whether they are from ftrumous, or fcorbutic Caufes. But as they both yield to this Method, I fhall attend on- ly to the moft obftinate Cafes of this Sort, that is, when they happen to be conjoined.

I was called to a Man, aged forty two, with an Opthalmia> and Lippitude, from a long Fluxion upon the Glands of the Eye-lid. All the Veffels of the ConjunSliva were enlarged, fo that they feemed to hang down like a Fungus ; and the Cornea began to ulcerate. In this Cafe, I dire&ed Bleeding three or

1 four

Of Sea Water. 119

four Times, at proper Intervals ; a Fon- tanel was made in the Neck, and he entered upon the following Method ;

R JEthiop. mineral. %ij JEthiop. vegetabiL siij Milleped. zij Cor all. r. ppt. liij Syr. Viol. q. s.

f. EleSl. de quo fumat q. n. m. ma- ne ^f vefperi, bibendo Vbj Aq. Ma- rin, pojl matutin. Dojin.

This Perfon was a robuft Man, and his Pulfe quiet, fo that he bore the day- ly Evacuation very welh The Fluxion foon abated, and he was cured by ta- king the above prefcribed Medicines. And Lommius has obferved, that thefe Cafes are frequently relieved by Nature : Lippitudine affeSlum Alvi corripi Pro- jluvioy bonum.

As

120 On the Us e

As the Fluxion abated, the Temples, Eye-lids, and Forehead, were wafhed every Day, with the ^uercus Marina, and Sea Water cold, till he had been well for fome Time. The Difeafe has now lain dormant for the Space of fe- ven Years, altho' before he ufed this Method, it fhewed itfelf upon all Occa- lions of taking cold. I have known fome of thefe Cafes, which have been attended with a Paroxyfm of an inter- mitting Fever, that could not be cured but by the Help of the Bark : which indeed was tried in this Cafe, but did not anfwer.

While I am now writing, a Patient is with me whom I formerly vifi- ted, with a large Fungus from the up- per Eye-lid, that turned outward, the under Lid being inverted; fo that the Eye was entirely covered. After the Fluxion had remitted by the following Method, I found the Coats of the Eye

ulce-

Of Sea Wa ter, 121

ulcerated, and a Lippitude of the up- per and under Lid, from Excoriation; but by this Method he was cured.

Mittatur Sanguis ad Ixij.

R Spongice calcin.

Of. Sepice ppt. aa ifs Milleped. ppt. ziij JEthiop. mineral, lij Conf Paronych. zx Syr. Viol. q. s.

f. EleEl. de quo fumat q. n. m. ma- ne &* noBej bibendo Aq. Marines Vbj pojl EleSluarii matutin. dofm.

R Cadmice ppt. Sal. Nitri^ aa zij Mucilag. Sem. Cydonior. q. s. f. LituSy palpebrce affe&ce quotidie illineitdus.

Q^ Hist

122 On the Use

H i s t. V.

Of a fcrophulous Ozcena^ with a Tumour of the upper Lip, and fcorbutic E- ruptions on the Cheeks.

A Gentleman applied to me, who had tried the Force of Mercurials, from which the Difeafe was in no Ways leffened, but rather increafed. For he had, befides the Ozcena, Tubercles, which arofe about the Nofe, Cheeks, and upper Lip, of a very ill conditioned Colour and Appearance. The Noftrils were fluffed, and fo incrufted, that he could breath through his Mouth on- ly. This Cafe proved very obftinate, but was cured by the following Method ; where Mercury was given with Sea Wa- ter, as an Alterative, for Months toge- ther i but only in fmall- Dofes.

& Sal

Of Sea Wa ter, 123

R Sal. Glauber. %j in Aq. LaSi. %ifs folut.

Aq. Pceon. comp. %fs. Syr. Viol, ifs. m. f. Haujlusy mane fumendus cum Regimine.

R ALthiop. vegetabil. ifs Milleped. ppt. sij Pumic. ujl. zi Of. Sepice ujl. zij. /Ethiop. mineral. %ij Conf. Paronych. $x9 Syr. Viol. q. s.

f. EleB. de quo fumat q. 71. m% ma- ne ^f noSle^ bibendo \hj Aq. Marin, pojl matutin. doftn.

By this he dayly grew better ; and as he became tired of the Eledluary, his Cure was compleated, by taking the fol- lowing Pills with Sea Water.

Q^2 R Cam-

124 On the Use

R Camphor, zfs. Cam. Viperar. %ij Scamon. fulphurat. sfs Calomel, zj

Syr. de Spina Cerv. q. s. f. PH. x ex Jingul. drach. quarum fumat ij JinguL vel altern. noEt. hord decubitus, bibendo Vbj Aq. Ma- rin, mane fequenti.

When the Tumours were cured, he ufed the Wafli with Sea Water, and the £$uercus Marina, to ftrengthen the weak Parts.

v Hist. VI.

Of various Deflations of the Skin.

I was called to a Woman with fcor- butic Eruptions behind both Ears, and on her Face, which wet many Cloths

every

Of Sea Water. 125

every Day ; and had a yellow mealy Cruft over fome Parts of them. She had ufed many Remedies, but neverthelefs continued dayly to grow worfe. She came at laft to the Sea, where fhe took Antifcorbutics, and drank Sea Water e- very Morning, cleanfing the Skin with the ^uercits Marina^ frefli out of the Sea. By this Method, fhe was cured in fix Weeks or two Months.

Hist. VII.

Of an humid Lepra.

A Woman, whofe Habit was high- ly fcorbutic, had been afflidled with a Kind of humid Lepra> for eight or ten Years ; the Cure of which had been attempted by divers of the Profef- fion, without Succefs. The Ouzings were general through the Skin, but in a greater Degree over the whole Head,

Face,

126 On the Use

Face, and Neck ; and her Ears were fo uncommonly fwelled, that they flood quite ere6t. In fhort the whole Appear- ance was very difagreeable.

Upon my advifing a Courfe of Anti- fcorbutics, with Sea Water dayly, this Cafe was cured, under the Infpe&ion of Mr. Newington, who has written me an Account of the above Succefs, and fays fhe did not drink the Sea Wa- ter above two Months, before fhe was entirely cured, and has to this Day per- ceived no Return of her Diforder, altho' it is a compleat Year from the Time of her firft Cure.

The Wife of Captain H was

affli&ed with the like Diforder, and was cured by the Ufe of Alteratives and Sea Water, under the Infpe&ion of Mr.

SNASH ALL.

Hist.

Of Sea Wa t e r. 127

Hist. VIII.

Of a dry Lepra.

I Was called to a young Lady of 1 2 Years old, with a dry Lepra, and white fcurfy Spots all over the Head and Body. I ordered as follows j

R Calomel, gr. vj Camphor, gr. j Conf. Paronych. q. s. f. BoL 6td qudque noEle fume?td. bibendo Hauft. Catbart. mane fe- quent.

R DecoB. Se?ice %ij Manna ziij Sal. Glauber, zii Aq. Pceon. c. $ij Syr. Rofar. folut. $ij. m. f Haujl. Catbart.

R Cam.

128 On the Use

R Cam. Viperar. 3j Camphor, gr. j Conf. Rofar. rub. q. s. f. Bol. Jing. noSi. hord fomni fu- mend, bibendo Vbfs Aq. Marin, ma- ne fequenti\ diebus a Calomelan. BoL vacuis.

In a Fortnight's Time, the Scales fell off; and in fix Weeks or two Months, this obftinate Difeafe was cured, without the Ufe of any other Remedies. The Succefs of this Cafe fent me an- other Patient in the fame Way, who was foon relieved, by the very fame Method.

Hist.

Of Sea Water. 129

Hist. XI.

Of a fcorbutic Eruption of the humid Lepra Kind.

— mentioned before in this Work, had fome Complaints of the venereal Kind ; but from the Time of their Cure, had been perfectly well, till thefe Erup- tions appeared, which were general. They began on the Head and Arms, and then appeared on the Legs; were incrufted in fome Places, and humid in others ; fo that he could hardly bear his Cloaths on. Being poor, he was fent to St. Thomas's Hofpita/, under the Care of an eminent Phyfician; and went thro' a Salivation by Undion. But as I have before related, was returned to me Hec- tic, and much emaciated ; with the E- ruptions fretted, and worfe for the Sali-

R vation.

130 On the Us e

vation. But he was foon cured by the following Method,

& JEthiop. vegetabil. ziij Flor. SulpL %fs Of. Sepice ziij. Conf. Malv. %ifs Syr. Viol, q. f.

f. EleB. de quo fumat quant, nuc. Jugland. fing. noB. hord fomni> bi- bendo 16/ Aq. Marin, mamfequent.

This was a perfedt Trial that the Cafe was not venereal ; becaufe Mercury did not fo much as palliate it. And as there was not the leaft Mercury, or indeed the common JEthiops ufed in his Cure af- terwards, it is an Inftance of what this Method will do, in fome fcorbutic Cafes, where Mercury fails.

Hist.

Of Sea Water. 131

Hist. X. Of a Gonorrhoea.

WHat I am going to fay on this Head, I muft recommend to the farther Experience of thofe, who have more frequent Opportunities of try- ing it in thefe Cafes, than we have in the Country. But as far as I have hi- therto obferved, it will fucceed well.

In a virulent Gonorrhoea I advifed as follows ;

R Calomel, dj Camphor, gr. iij Pulp. Cafice 3?j

m. f. Bol. hord fomn. fumend. bi- bendo %j Aq. Marin, mane fequent.

By this Method, the Acrimony foon abated, the Patient taking twice or thrice a. Day the following Powder ;

R 2 R Sal

1^2 On the Use

c

R Sal. PrunelL

Sacch. Cand. alb. aa %fs futnat 3/ in Aq. Hord Vbfs bis ter- ve die.

The Cure was fafely finished by a lit- tle Bal/am. Copayb. and Sacch. alb. al- though he feemed to want it but little. And indeed in Cafes thus treated, I be- lieve it will not be fo often requifite, as after the common Method. For there is fomething in Sea Water, which reaches farther than the mere Benefit of purging. And as the Nitre in Sal. Polychrefl. and Sal. PrunelL is beneficial in the Strangu- ry; fo I fuppofe the Sulphur ', and Sea Salt, which are in Sea Water ; fome Way, have a fimilar good Effect, befides the Advantage of a purging Medicine. At leafl: this is clear, that a {aline Purge cools, and does not encreafe Inflamma- tions, but rather gives a Check to them.

( How-

Of Sea Water. 133

However this I ought to confefs, that as yet I have only tried two or three Cafes of this Kind.

Hist. XL Of an Hernia humor alts.

I Was called to a Perfon afflidted with an Hernia humoralis, from a Sup- preftion of a Gonorrhoea^ who was cured by the following Method.

Mitt at. Sang, ad Ixij

R Rad. Ipecacuan. gr. xx Turpeth. Mineral, gr. iij Conf. Rofar. rub. q. s. f. Emetic, pro re natd fumend. hi- lt endo Vbj Aqua Mari?tce^ primo mane^ diebus ab Emetic, liberis.

R Farm. Fabar. %fs Aq. Marin. Vbij

coq.

i,j4 On the Use

coq. ad conftftentiam Cataplafm. fub Jinem addendo Unguent. Nutrit. %iij. f Pult. loco affec. applicand*

This Method foon reduced the Tu- mour, and no bad Symptoms fucceeded. But as I have before obferved, we have not in the Country fufficient Numbers of thefe Cafes, to ground or eftablifh a Pradice upon ; all we can do is, to pave the Way for future Experiments.

Hist. XII.

Of difeafed uterine Glands.

I Saw, not long ago, an obftinate Fluor albus cured, by bathing in the Sea, drinking Sea Water occasionally, and the taking the following Remedies.

Mitt at. Sang, ad Ivj R Radic. Ipecacuan. difs

Aq.

Of Sea Water. 135

Aq. Cardui %ij

OxymeL Scillit. 3/

m. f. Potto emetic, pro re natd fu-

mend.

R Spodii zfs.

Vitel. Ov. cum Albumine q, s.

Aq. Cinnam. ten. lifs.

Cinnam. fort. %fs

Sacch. Cand. alb. 5/.

m. f. Hauji. mane W noEle fumencL

bibendo Vbj Marince Aquce femel vel

bis in feptimand.

I muft obferve, that the Purging by- Sea Water is to be repeated, as often as the Patient can well bear it, efpecially if she be too coftive. And fometimes I have ordered the following Injedion ;

R Balfa?n. Copayb. siij in s. q. Ovi vitel. folut. Aq. Marince ft/, m. f. Inje&io.

Hist.

136 On the Use

Hist. XIII.

Of a Tenefmus, with ichorofe DejeSiions.

A Woman, about thirty Years of Age, from Obftru&ions of the MenfeSy and a long Cblorojis, was full of difeafed Glands, with (edematous Swel- lings in the Legs and Face* The Glands of the ReBum were fo fwelled, and the Pafiage fo obftrudted, that it was Death almoft for her to go to Stool. A conti- nual ouzing of bloody Ichor, with a troublefome Tenefmus, attended this Cafe. But fhe was cured, and the Menfes brought to obferve their falutary Peri- ods, by the following Method. *

& Lac. Sulph. gr. x. JEthiop. vegetabiL dfs

Sperm. Ceti dj

m. f. Pulv. mam &* noEie fumend.

( bibendo

Of Sea Water. 137

bibendo ft/ Aq. Marin, poji matte- tin. dofaz quotidie.

Since the Glands of the ReElutn were indurated, in this Cafe, and the Dif- charge fo acrid and ill conditioned as to give Sufpicion of a Cancer; I fhall let it ftand as a general Inftance of what Efficacy Sea Water may prove, in dif- cuffing recent Tumours of the inteftinal Glands: becaufe this Perfon was cured, under a moft vitiated State of the Blood, and was freed from her other Obftruc- tions, by the fame Method. From whence we may reafonably conclude, that Sea Water a£ts farther upon the Habit, than merely by Revulfion.

Hist.

138 On the Use

Hist. XIV.

Of a fixed fcorbutic Rheumatifm^ in the Feet and Knees.

A Matter of a Ship, of a full Ha- bit of Body, had been affli&ed for many Years with Returns of the Gout, and fcorbutic Rheumatifms, which had fo fixed his Joints, that he could walk but with great Difficulty. The Glands of the Joints had been long, and frequently, diftended by thefe Fits, and his Legs were highly fcorbutic, and much fwelled. I ordered an Electuary of yS- thiop. miner. Gum. Guaiac. Pulv. Ari pomp. &c. to be taken with Sea Water, every Day. By which Means he is en- tirely cured, and the Thicknefs of his Joints reduced.

From all thele Cafes, we may fee clearly that the Way, by which Sea Wa- ter

Of Sea Wa t e r. 139

ter produces it's good Effects, and re- lieves fo powerfully many Difeafes, is, by opening fome new Secretion, and there- by eafing and unloading the difeafed Parts.

Hist. XV.

Of tumefied Glands in the Neck^ with a?i Ulcer on the JVrift.

IT will appear from the following Cure, what advantage Surgeons may receive from this Method, in Ulcers at- tended with Fluxions. A Man with fcro- phulous Glands in the Neck, and a Tu- mour with Ulceration on the Carpal Joint, was cured by taking an Electua- ry with JEthiops Mineral, and purged off with Sea Water. And indeed the Efficacy of this Method is fo undoubted in thefe Cafes, that Mr. Webb, a Sur- geon in London, whom I have before

S 2 men-

140 On the Use

mentioned in this Work, aflures me in a Letter I lately received from him, that in Cafes where the Difeafe had fixed it- felf on the Bones of the Carpus, or Me- tacarpus, the Tarfus or Metatarfus, this Method was fure to fucceed; and that he had feea a very obftinate Difeafe of the Cubit fubdued by the fame Means.

But fometimes, where the Fluxion is derived from the Part affe&ed, it will be apt to fall upon another ; which in- deed happened in the Cafe above rela- ted. For upon his being cured of his firfl Complaints, a large hard Tumour began to rife on the Infide of his Knee, but was foon removed, by the fame Re- medies ; tho' the Swelling appeared as hard almoft as Bone. And I remember the fame Thing happened to another Patient, whom Mr. Manning attend- ed as Surgeon.

Hist.

Of Sea Wa t e r. 141

Hist. XVI.

MR. Sainthill recommended a Gentleman to my Care, that he might try the Ufe of Sea Water. He had a large Swelling behind the Ear ; and in the Neck, many indurated Glands. Before he came to me, he had been un- der a ftridt Courfe of Mercurials ; with- out EfFed. When this Gentleman came to me he was in the Condition above related ; and had befides an Ulcer, on the large Tumour, not healed. I joined the Ufe of Alteratives with Sea Water, and an Embrocation of the Fucus Ma- rinus to diffolve the Scirhofities. In three Months, all the fwelled Glands were dif- fipated ; and the Perfon fent away in perfed Health ; the Cure being finifhed by Bathing in the Sea, on the Declenfion of the Tumours. But as this Cafe had Been apoftemated, I fear it may poffibly break out again. Hist.

142 On the Use

Hist. XVIL

A Gentleman came to me from Mr. Webb, with tumefied Glands un- der the Clavicle ; one of which lay deep ; and I judged it to be as big as an Egg. Near to this, one of the Tubercula had broke, and difcharged itfelf. The Sore was dreffed with Lenients by the Direc- tion of Mr. Webb. He entered upon a Courfe of Sea Water, with Alteratives; and the Tumours were difcufled in a- bout two Months, joining, as ufual, the Sea Bathing towards the End of the Cure. He went away cured, without any Tu- mour appearing, and without any re- maining Veftiges of the Difeafe ; except a little Hardnefs, where the Tubercle had broke ; the Foundation poflibly of fome future Apoftemation. For I have obferved, Struma's are apt to rife again near their old Cicatrices^ till the Capfula

of

Of Sea Water. 143

of the Gland is entirely corrupted by Matter, and cleanfed. Arid this is an Obfervation of the ancient Phyficians; u*Plerumque Struma iterum juxta Ci- " cat rices ipfas refurgunt"

Hist. XVIII.

Of a dry, fcurfy Lepra.

APerfon came to me with a dry fcurfy Lepra, that had cracked or chapped his Hands, together with an Incurvation of the Nails. The Difeafe reached from the Tips of his Fingers to the Wrifts only. Many Remedies had been tried; amongft the reft Sea Wa- ter; but without Effedt. However, it was palliated by a Courfe of JEthiop. vegetabilis, Cam. Viperar. and the an- tifcorbutic Juices, tho' not cured. In- deed many Difeafes of the ferpiginous

3 Celt- u?, /.. 5. c z%. SeS.j.

Kind

144 On the Use

Kind will not yield but to a long Courfe of Sea Water ; and fome I fear this Me- dicine will not reach. But as the Length of thefe Cafes generally tires the Patient, I have feldom known People give it a full, and compleat Trial.

Hist. XIX.

T Hough I have faid, fome cutane- ous Eruptions are with Difficulty conquered by Sea Water, yet I faw a Relation of mine, who had a dark ill- coloured Herpes , which Ipread over Part of his Face, and had continued the whole Winter, cured by it. Early in the Spring, by the Advice of an eminent Phyfician, my Friend Dr. Wilmot, he took an Ele&uary of Antimony &c. twice a Day, and Salt Water the Morn- ing following. This had very foon the defired Effe&s, tho' the Patient had ta- ken Carn* Viperar* &c. the whole Win- ter,

Of Sea Wa ter, 145

ter, without their doing any good. Since which Time, I have given the alterative Medicines at four o' Clock in the After- noon, and again at Night; which I think a great Improvement in this Me- thod : as they are not fo foon carried off by the Purge.

This Cure was under the Infpedion of my Friend Dr. Lewis of Christ Church, Oxon, a fkillful Phyfician, to whom, and to Mr. Jer. Mark- land, I owe a great many Thanks, for the Trouble they had in correding thefe Sheets, before they went to the Prefs.

Hist. XX.

A Girl, about fourteen Years old, laboured under indurated Glands, both in the Neck and Armpit, with an Impofthume formed in each Part, She was grown he&ic, and had a Cough qome upon her from a long Ufe of Ca-

T lomel

146 On the Use

lomel. Under thefe Circumftances, fhe came from London into the Country, where, the Method being changed, fhe took /Ethiops mineral^ &c. with Lime Water, and Sea Water at proper Inter- vals. By thefe Means, in the Space of two Months, the Cough, he&ic Fever, and ulcerated Glands were cured; and fhe returned to Town recruited in her Flefh, and with a more healthy Com- plexion.

Hist. XXI.

WHilft I am writing, there is brought to me a recent, and indeed moft fatal Cafe of the ReEium^ with difeafed Glands of the lower Belly, which had brought on a fpurious Iliac Paffion, in a Woman that I had feen but a little before. She was fufpe&ed to have been with Child, as there had been no Appearance of the Catamenia for near

ten

Of Sea Water. 147

ten Months. Upon examining the Tu- mour, it feemed to me to be formed of a Congeries of difeafed Glands, which had fo encreafed from the Afflux of re- dundant Matter for ten Months, and had fo flopped up the ReElum^ that there was no Paifage for the Excre- ments, but by vomiting. I have fub- joined Mr. Maynard's Defcription of this Cafe, who was her Surgeon, and in- fpedled the Body the 13 th of December 1748. The Woman died> fays he, the Friday after you faw her. I i?fpeSled the Body, and cut out a Tumour of the Glands fix Inches longy near ten or twelve in Circumference ; and it weighed little lefs than three Pounds. There was alfo another Tumour ', which exceeded this in Magnitude , and had fo ohflruSled the Pajfage of the Redtum, that there was not the leaf Probability of any Thing's pajftng that Way. I faw alfo a Cafe of this Kind in a Man, where the PafTage

T 2 of

148 On the Use

of the ReEium was fo ftopt, that you could not poffibly thruft up a fmall Candle three Inches, He had no Stool for forty Days; and we confulted the Phyiicians in London , who prefcribed Quick-Silver ; of which he took full three Pounds. However nothing paffed by Stool, but every Thing was thrown up by vomiting, except the Quick-Silver. During all this Time he had no Fever; till at Length the Lungs began to be in- flamed, and he died upon the encreafing of his Peripneumony.

Hist. XXII. Of excoriated Breafts*

Woman of a full Habit of Body, about the forty ninth Year of her Age, had a Ceflation of the Menfes. But in the Spring after, a Fluxion of Hu- mours attacked both her Breafts, in fuch

< Abun-

Of Sea Water. 149

Abundance, and with fuch Acrimony, that it prefently brought on Excoriations. And tho' the Breafts were of an uncom- mon Magnitude, yet there was no Hard- nefs. The Glands indeed of the Skin were greatly affedted, and there was an hard Tubercle, of an ill conditioned Co- lour, above the left Clavicle.

Tho' the/e Appearances feemed very unfavourable, yet I attempted to remove the Fluxion by Sea Water, and for that Reafon the Patient entered upon the fol- lowing Method.

Mitt. Sang, ad %xvj Jlatim.

R Sal. Glauber. lj in Aq. LaB. lifs folut.

Aq. Pceon. comp. ifs Syr. Viol. ifs. m. f. Potio cathart. mane fumend.

R JEthiop. mineral, lij Milleped. ppt. zij

Spong.

i$o On the Use

Spong. ujl. zij Conf. Paronych. zx Syr. Viol. q. s.

f. EleSi. de quo fumat q. n. w* ma- ne ^f vefperij bibendo Ybj Aq. Ma- rt?!, printo mane quotidie.

I ordered the excoriated Parts to be lightly touched over with a Feather dipt in the Unguent. Nutrit. and leaft the Excoriatipn fhould fpread, I ordered the Breafts to be drefled with Turner s Ce~ rat. of Lapis Calaminaris.

By this Method, the Flux of Hu- mours, which feemed likely at firft to be very obftinate, in lefs than two Months, was cured ; and the Breafts reftored to their natural Size ; nor did there appear one indurated cutaneous Gland remain- ing. But the Tubercle before mention- ed, of an inaufpicious Colour, which was certainly a Kind of Cancer ; as far as could be perceived, changed neither

( for

Of Sea Wa ter, 151

for the better or worfe, by the Ufe of this Method : but remained for the Space of feveral Years unaltered.

Hist. XXIII.

Of an HeEiic Fever fro?n Pus retained in the Lungs &c.

A Sickly Girl of twelve Years old came to me, with an hedlic Fe- ver upon her, and an hard weak Cough. The Belly was tight, and the Urine of a pale white Colour; fo that her Pa- rents thought her Illnefs owed it's Rife to Worms, and had given her /Ethiops mineral^ Calomel^ and Hellebore^ before they came to me ; when they much importuned me to approve of her try- ing Sea Water. Indeed I imagined the Girl's Indifpofition arofe from Matter retained both in the Lungs and Mefen- tery, as well from obferving feveral tu- mefied

152 On the Use

mefied Glands, like little Knots, in the Neck, as from her he&ic Fever, which I found was attended with frequent Ri- gours. However, as Matter was already formed there, I faw no Means of remo-

ving it.

I was forced at laft to allow her the Trial of Sea Water, however doubtful of it's Succefs. It immediately indeed, and without much Difficulty opened the Bel- ly, but gave us no better Profpeft than we had before. For the heftic Fever as well as other Symptoms, in my Judg- ment increafed. I therefore forbad the Uk of Sea Water, fearing leaft the Me- thod fhe purfued might occafion it. But fhe went to Lo?idon afterwards, with- out any Alteration in her Complaints, and the Phyfician whom fhe confulted, haftened her back again from Town as fail as poffible. In two Months after her Return into the Country, fhe died; at which Time I was fent for to examine

the

Of Sea Wa t e r. 153

the Caufe and Origin of her Difeafe.

The whole Lungs were full, and as it were ftudded with little maturated Glands, like the Lungs in the difeafed Hog. But the larger Branches of the Bronchia had yet no Matter in them ; which was the Reafon that no purulent Spitting attended this Difeafe. The Li- ver was found, but the Mefentery was full of difeafed Glands, many of which were maturated.

I was the more inclined to add this Cafe, that it might appear, how little we ought to exped from this or any Me- thod, whenever the Patient labours un- der the Difficulties above mentioned. I have faid, that the larger Branches of the Bronchia had no Matter in them; for the glandular Swellings took their Rife from the Glands fituated in the fmaller Ramuli of the Bronchia. For whoever the Branches of the Afpera Arteria difappeared, I obferved we cut

U thro*

154 On the Use

thro' a Globule of purulent Matter. In- deed in thefe Difeafes of the Mefentery, the Glands are generally vitiated, before any Method of Cure is attempted; where if any Impofthume is formed, all Hopes of any Relief from Phyfick are vain, and groundlefs.

Dr. Sydenham feems not to have had a clear Notion of this, when he im- puted thefe Swellings in rickety Children to repeated Cathartics ; for if he had exa- mined carefully the concatenated Glands in the Neck, I doubt not but he would have found fufficient Proofs of thofe Tu- mours exifting before any Cathartic at all had been given.

Hist. XXIV.

Of a Colic ^ with a Conjlipation of the Belly.

I

Was called to a -poor Fifherman, who was affli&ed with an excrucia- ting

Of Sea Water. 155

ting Colic, and Conftipation of the Bel- ly. I advifed as follows.

Mitt at. Sang, ad yviij

R F/or. Chamcem. m. j

coq. ex Aq. Marin. Vbifs ad Vbj turn cola — pro Clyfter. Jlatim in- jiciend.

I advifed, after the Clyfter had done it's Duty, a Draught e Manna {§P Oleo Amygd. dulc. to be given every four Hours, till the Belly was opened. But the Draught was omitted, as I heard af- terwards, becaufe the Patient found the Clyfter had done fufficiently.

M

Hist. XXV.

Of a Jaundice.

Rs. had been afflicted for

above a Year with a Jaundice, U 2 and

156 On the Use

and frequent Attacks of a moft violent Colic, from the fame Caufe. She went to London to confult Dr. Lee, an emi- nent Phylician ; but returned from Town without any Relief from her Complaints, For the Colour of her Urine was almoft black, and the whole Skin fwarthy. She had under thefe Misfortunes tried every Thing, that is done in the common Way. At laft fhe came to the Sea, upon my adviiing her to try the united Power of Sea Water and Sapon. Venet.

R Sapon. Venet. diij Sal. Corn. Cerv. gr. vj Syr. e $q; Rad. q. s. f. Bol. bis terve in die fumend. bi- bendo Vbj Aq. Marin, primo mane quotidie.

By thefe Means the Belly was kept open ; the Colic very feldom returned ; the Urine regained it's natural Colour;

and

Of Sea Wa ter, 157

and the Patient was greatly relieved, and at laft cured of a very obftinate Difeafe.

Hist. XXVI.

I Remember a Cafe not much unlike the fifth, under the Infpedlion of my much honoured Friend Sr. Edward

HuLSE.!Sair.

A Girl of eleven Years old, had her upper Lip and Noftrils much fvvelled ; but upon taking Sea Water, the Swell- ing funk. However the Spring follow- ing, fhe confulted Sr. Edward HuLSE,$dtr as the Difeafe returned ; and he advifed her to refume the Method by Sea Wa- ter, which fhe had before ufed fuccefs- fully. He then prefcribed the following Medicines, which the Patient ufed to take with Whey, whilft fhe was in Lon- don, and with Sea Water, after fhe came to Brighthelmjlone.

R Spong.

i

158 On the Use

R Spong. ufi. 3j Rbei gr. iv. m.

f. Puh. mane & vefperi furnend* fuperbibend. Haufi. Seri LaEiis cum Syr. Viol, edulcorat.

And thefe were the only Helps flie ufed, befides Sea Water, which were re- peated two Springs after the firft Com- mencement of her Cure. By which Means we conftantly fupprefled the Swellings, till the Menfes appeared, a- i "bout the thirteenth Year of her Age. Since which Period fhe has never been troubled, as far as I know, either with the Ozcena^ or the Swelling in the up- per Lip.

Hist,

Of Sea Water. 159

Hist. XXVII.

Of a dry Lepra.

MR the Captain of a Ship, was fent to me fome Years ago by my Friend Dr. Oldfield, who had endeavoured to flop the Growth of this Diftemper by Mercurials. But he found no Benefit, from any Thing of that Sort. A dry Lepra had feifed both Elbows, and there appeared Abundance of leprous Spots, yellow, and mealy, o- ver the whole Body ; all which were re- moved in lefs than two Months Time, one only excepted, which ftill remained upon the Elbow, when the Gentleman fet fail. I am entirely ignorant of what may have happened fince. I ordered the following Medicines.

R JEthiop,

160 On the Use

R JEthiop. mineral, lifs Antimon. opt. Icevigat. ifs Of. Sepice mj Milkped. ppt. %ij Conf. Paronych. sx Syr. Viol. q. s.

f. Eletf. de quo fumat. q. n. m. bis in die^ bibendo Vbj Aq. Marin, pri- mo mane quotidie.

I think this Cafe however by no Means certain in it's Cure ; becaufe I have ob- ferved that this Difeafe is frequently apt to return, till fuch Time as the cutane- ous Glands have recovered their Strength, or rather indeed, till the whole Habit of Body is fufficiently changed by the Ufe of Sea Water.

Hist.

Of Sea Water. i 6 i

Hist. XXVIIL

Of cutaneous Eruptions y with a Suppref- fon of the Menfes.

A Young Woman complained of fome Eruptions in both her Legs, which ufed to fhevv themfelves every Month, and rife into a Swelling, not much unlike to an Eryfipelas^ and fpread themfelves over both Legs, till the Ve- ficles burft at laft, and a great Quantity of ferofe Humour flowed out.

The young Woman had this Com- plaint, when fhe was about eighteen Years of Age; the Menfes having fhewn themfelves firft, and entirely difappeared afterwards. I attempted her Cure by the following Method.

Mitt. Sang. lx.

ft Ipecacuan. gr. xx

X Tur-

162 On the Use

Turpeth. mineral, gr. it]

Conf. Rof q. s.

f. Bol. Emetic, femel in feptimand fumend.

R JEtMop. vegetabil. svj Milleped. ppt. %ij Of Sepicz ujl. zij Coral, r. ppt. ziij Conf. Paronych. sr Syr. Viol. q. s.

f. EleB. de quo fumat. q. n. m. bis in die, bibendo Vbj Aq. Marin, pri- mo mane quotidie.

By thefe Means, we brought the Men* fes to return at their proper Periods. But the Fluxion, on both Legs, had been very fevere, and the Valves of the Veins were fo varicofe, that a new Fluxion, would frequently come on before the Menfes appeared. I advifed her there- fore, laft of all, to bath in the Sea, ancj

to

Of Sea Wat e r. 163

to ufe proper Bandages to roll her Legs with. As (he afterwards removed from my Neighbourhood I cannot fay what may have been the Confequence. But I thought it right to mention this Cafe in particular, as one Inftance amongft ma- ny others, which I have obferved, where the Menfes have been produced upon taking the JEthiops vegetabilisy and Sea Water,, And this has more particularly been the Event, where I have given fmall Dofes of Mercury at Night, drink- ing Sea Water the next Morning.

Hist. XXIX.

Of an Eryfpelatofe Crifis.

AS this Work was particularly de- figned to explain and illuftrate the Method of directing the glandular Secretions by Sea Water, I have faid lit- tle or nothing of this Medicine's Effica-

X 2 cy

164 On the Use

cy in many chronical Cafes, and thofe too very obftinate ; but I have confined myfelf within the Limits of my firft De- fign, omitting feveral remarkable Inftan- ces of that Sort ; I mean of the great Ufe of Sea Water in chronical Difeafes. This however fhould always be particu- larly remembered in thofe Diforders, as a Principle from which we never ought to deviate > that, if any Separation of Humours from the Blood has been made for a long Courfe of Time, and fuffered to fall habitually on any particular Part, there we fhould permit it to pafs off, by it's old accuftomed Channel, provi- ded that can be done without great In- convenience. But if it be neceffary to make any Change, and draw the Hu- mours off to fome other Place, we muft remember to fubftitute firft of all fome other new Discharge. And if the Pro- position, which I have m frequently laid down, and endeavoured to make ap-

( pear

Of Sea Water. 165

pear, be true, I mean that the Phyfi- cian has a Power, and a fort of Autho- rity over Nature, in reftraining and cor- recting her Efforts ; it will then follow, that whenever he finds her going wrong, and about to determine the Crifis upon an unfafe Part, he ought inftantly to take the Management of the Crifis into his own Hands, and dire£l it by fome fafer Wav.

And tho' the Phyfician ought to look upon Nature as the beft Guide and Di- reftrefs of his Art ; and obferve with the greateft Care and Accuracy every Change and Motion, that fhe makes; yet I know of Nothing which can more conduce to his Honour, than the aflerting that Pow- er he has to reftrain and dircdt the At- tempts of Nature, whenever he fees her erring; immediately taking upon him- felf the Government and Defoliation of the Difeafe in it's worft State, and ma- naging, to the beft of his Judgment, the

great

j 66 O n the Use

great and important Moment of the ap- proaching Crifts, on which either the Life or Death of the Patient depends.

If what I have advanced be right, what Praife and Honour may not the Phyfician defervedly exped: to be paid his divine Art, for well governing thole Minutes of Danger and Diftrefs ! I fhall now infert a Cafe, where this was re- markably apparent.

An accomplished and learned Gentle- man of my Acquaintance, was feifed with an Eryiipelatofe Quincey. The Glands both of the Uvula, and Throat, and the Tonfills likewife, were inflamed, and exceeding red ; there was a Swel- ling round the Larynx, and a Hoarf- nefs confequent upon it; his Breathing was difficult, and fhort, which permit- ted him not to lye down ; and his Pulfe was very quick and ftrong.

In this Cafe, Nature feemed to threat- en an internal Crifis : which, if it had

< . fallen

Of Sea Water. 167

fallen into the Glands of the Tracheay muft in all Probability have been at- tended with Death. In thefe perilous Circumflances, as we did not in the leaft doubt but the Crifis would be in- ternal, and fatal at the fame Time, if we trufted the fole Management of the Difeafe to Nature, fo we ufed our ut- moft Endeavours to dire6t it by fome o~ ther Way.

We took away, at different Times, not lefs than fifty Ounces of Blood ; and gave a Cathartic of Glauber's Salt e- very Day. Upon which, the internal Fluxion being foon fuppreffed, the Breathing was lefs fhort and thick ; the Glands grew lefs red ; and the Swelling of the Tonfills lefs troublefome. How- ever the Fever, tho' fomewhat abated, had not yet abfolutely fpent it's Force.

About this Time, we firft obferved a red, eryfipelatofe Spot, appearing upon one Side of the Nofe. And feveral other

Spots

i68 On the Use

Spots afterwards were fcattered about the Forehead, Cheeks, Face, and the whole Head. The Eyes at this Time were al- mod hid, by the Greatnefs of the Swel- ling ; the Patient was very uneafy, and impatient at our not ufing Medicines more freely than we did. But as the Danger, of which we had Reafon at firft to be apprehenfive, no longer threatned us, as no Delirium came on, and the Fever was not too violent, we now thought it proper to truft the Con- dud: of the Difeafe to Nature. We ufed therefore no Medicines till the Tumours fubfided, and then, by Means of fome few cooling Purges only, reftored the Gentleman to perfect Health. And this I think a fufficient Inftance to explain and point out, of what great Moment a proper Deftination of the glandular Se- cretions may be, upon many Occa- fions.

1 Hist.

Of Sea Water. i6g

Hist. XXX.

Of an humid Lepra.

A Gentleman came to me much af- flicted with an humid Lepra, in fo much that, upon the flighteft Touch of the Finger, Drops of Humour ftart- ed, like Tears, through the Skin. This Difeafe was attended with a violent Pru- ritus^ fo exceeding troublefome, that it fuffered the Patient to reft neither by- Night nor Day. It crept downwards from the Groins along; the infide of both Thighs ; down both Sides of the Neck, from the Ear to the Clavicles ; and be- fides this, appeared in the Bending of each Arm. This Complaint had been of fo long (landing, that although the troublefome Itching ceafed, and the Flux- ion was fupprefied by the Sea Water, and the Parts affe&ed began to look cool

Y" and

170 On the Use

and dry ; yet, as the excretory Du£ts of the Glands, were much enlarged, and the Tone of the cutaneous Glands weak- ened and broke, that Ouzing returned, after he omitted the Ufe of Sea Water, in the fame Manner as a Simple Gonor- rhoea. And although it did not flow in fuch a Quantity as before, yet it lafted fome Time, from the Weaknefs of the Glands.

To cure this, I advifed the Ufe of Lime Water, and TinSiur. Antipthijic. Etmuller. or inftead of them by Way of Change, fome Forms of Vitriolics; or the Bark. I confefs I do not know the Event of thefe Medicines, as it is a long Time fince I have heard any Thing of the Patient himfelf ; but I am fufficient- ly convinced, that in fome Cafes, where the Glands have been very much weak- ened, no Remedy will be likely to a- vail.

( Some-

Of Sea Wa t e r. 171

Sometimes perhaps Forms of Tar may feal up, and flop the open Mouths of the Glands ; but fuch a Cure ought ne- ver to be confidered as certain, or per- manent. Not but I have thought Tar Water of Service in fome Cafes of this Kind, where the Glands have been fub- je£t to a Sort of Gleet. Becaufe the Re- medy is, I apprehend, like every Turpen- tine, a Digeftive, and helps to clofe the Mouths of the Veffek And tho' I have feldom experienced the Ufe of it inter- nally, yet I have with great Succefs ap- plied externally an Unguent made of Tar. I have fet down one of the beft Forms of this, which I have fometimes known fucceed, when others had been tried in vain.

R Sevi OvilL Picis liquid, aa %vj Pulv. Rad. EnuL Campa?t. sij Cort. intern. Sambuc. mfs. coquantur Jimul donee Cort. Sambuc. Y 2 crifpitu-

172 On the Use

crifpitudinem acquijiverit ; pojlea cola.

This Ointment is to be laid on the Part affe&ed, and well rubbed in with the Hand by a Fire, every Morning and Evening, till the Eruptions are cured.

Hist. XXXI. 1

Of a fcrophulons Cartes of the internal Ankle.

Januar. 1748.

A Youth about eighteen Years of Age came to me the Beginning of this Year, the Brother of that Pa- tient mentioned in my Letter to Dr. Lewis. He had an hereditary Scro- phula. His Pulfe was quick, and his Habit apparently hedic. There were many hard knotty Tumours in the Glands of the Neck ; the Heads of the

c Bones

Of Sea Water. 173

Bones were fwelled, and the Joint much larger than it ought. The firfl: Thing done was letting out the Matter by the Afllftance of a Surgeon, and afterwards I advifed the following Remedies to com- pleat his Cure.

R AZthiop. vegetabil. ivj Spong. ujl. iiij Milleped. ppt. zij JEthiop. mineral, zij Of. Sepice ujl. %ij Conf. Paronych. zx Occ. Cancror. ziij Corallin. ppt. %ij Syr. Viol. q. s.

f. EleSl. de quo futnat q. n. m. ho- rd Ajd pomerid. &* hord decubi- tus^ bibendo Aq. Marin. Vbj mane fequenti.

About the Beginning of March^ the Youth came to fhew me an Exfoliation

of

174 On the Use

of the Bone. The Ulcer is now ablb- lutely healed, the Joint itfelf, and the Heads of the Bones are reftored to their natural Size, and the Swellings in the Glands of the Neck, by the above Me- thod, are wholly diflipated.

Hist. XXXII.

Of a large fcrophulous Tumour % reach- ing fro7n the Ear to the Clavicle.

NOtwithftanding I have already re- lated a Cafe of the fame Nature with the following, the Reader will not I hope think the inferting this improper, as the Patient drank Sea Water for ma- ny Months together. Becaufe I would have it ftand as a convincing Argument againft all thofe, if there fhould happen to be any, who may poffibly look upon Sea Water to be a Remedy too ftrong for any long Continuance, and difapprove of it upon that Account, In

Of Sea Water. 175

In the mean Time, I muft be fo free as to obferve, that the Medicine, which I propofe to the Profeffion, is by no means trifling or inefficacious, but pow- erful, and indeed fafe, provided it's Ufe be directed by a fkilful Perfon. And in Truth, there is fcarce a Remedy of Con- fequence, but may have fome Objection raifed againft it ; as in the Cafe of thofe powerful ones, Mercury, the Cortex of Peru, Opium, and Steel; every one of which will do Good or Harm, in Pro- portion as they are judicioufly or inju- diciously applied. But furely that is no Reafon for entirely dropping the Ufe of them ; tho' there is a Poflibility of their being given wrong. For the Rafhnels of the ignorant will never have any Weight with the fkillful Phyfician, nor deter him from ufing thofe Medicines, in Difeafes which require them, in the Manner he fhall think moft fit. But I return to the Cafe I promifed,

The

176 On the Us e

The Patient, of whom I am now fpeaking, drank five and twenty Gal- lons of Sea Water, not at different Times, but in one conftant, uninterrupted Courfe of purging, taking one Pint every Day. During which Time, her Menfes came more periodically, and of a better Com- plexion ; her Appetite was keener, and the ftrumous Complaints all vanished. But if the drinking this immenfe Quan- tity of Sea Water, and it's Confequen- ces, the reftoring and amending the Pa- tient's Health, and the Cure of her Stru- ma^ do not fufficiently declare and e- vince, how powerful and how harmlefs at the fame Time this Medicine is, I doubt whether any Argument can be found fufficient to overcome the Preju- dices of Mankind, however inconside- rately they may have been taken up.

Hist.

Of Sea Water. 177

Hist. XXXIII.

Of the Zona, or the Shingles.

THere is a Species of Eryfipelasy which the Greeks call Z&ptf, the Latins Zona, and We the Shingles, pret- ty common amongft us. This Difeafe comes upon the Trunc of the Body, fometimes making it's Appearance on the Breaft, fometimes on the Scapula:, or upon the Sides and Coftce. At other Times it appears lower, and furrounds the whole Body like a Belt. Blifters a- rife fometimes of a yellowifh, but oft- ner of a livid Colour, which generally are corrolive, like an Herpes, to which they bear a very near Refemblance.

Marcellus takes Notice of this Difeafe in his eleventh Chapter. Facit hoc Medicamentwn, ^f ad Ca-rbunculos, &* ad Ignem facrum ; ad Zonamy qua?n

Z Grceci

iy$ On the Use

Grteci Herpetem dicunt. And S c r i b o- n i u s in his 100th Chapter has thefe Words ; ad Zonam, quant Grceci rey7ma, dicunt) faciunt quidem ut fupra diEla omnia, prtecipue Cicuta viridis bene trita & impojita.

But as I have always looked upon this Difeafe as a Species of fcorbutic Eryji- pelasy degenerating into an Herpes, fo I have thought it beft treated, by a Me- thod fomewhat differing from the com- mon Way of managing the true Eryji- pelasy and have obferved fome of the moft troublefome Cafes of this Sort pro- ceed from the ftriking in of the Erup- tions too fuddenly. And I find the An- cients had a Notion, which many of my Countrymen at this Day entertain, of the Difeafe being certainly fatal, when- ever it entirely furrounded, and, as it were, begirt the Body. For Pliny fays ; Ignis facri plura funt. Genera ; inter qucCy medium Hominem ambiens, qui Zo-

Jlev

Of Sea Water. 179

Jler appellatur^ & enecat fi cinxerit \ This Prognoftic however is by no Means certain, or infallible.

In curing this Species of Eryjipelas, we are to regard two Things principally* The one is, to a/lift as much as may be the Maturation of the Sores ; the other, to avoid purging till the Eruption has fpent itfelf by the Skin ; at which Time the Ufe of Glauber's Salt, or Sea Water will be proper. A Cafe of this Sort follows.

A Gentleman, about fifty Years of Age, was feifed with a fcorbutic Rryft- pelas, or, if you pleafe, a degenerate Her- pes. Upon the Breaft, and beneath the right Nipple, appeared Eruptions. The Heads of the Puftules were of a livid Colour ; the Fever was flight ; but the Pain and Uneafinefs the Patient felt, ve- ry great. When the Eruptions had gone on for three or four Days, and fome

a Lib. 26. Cap. 1 1 .

Z 2 new

i8o On the Us e

new Puftules made their Appearance, the Surgeon thought proper to apply a Cerat. to the Eruptions ; which not ma- turating, grew more and more painful every Day, and fhed out nothing but a thin Ichor ) and that too in fmall Quan- tities. Many of the Eruptions difappear- ed, and the Patient was waked out of his Sleep with a fudden Attack of an Afihma ; and was thought to have been very near dead at that Time. However the Surgeon, living in the Neighbour- hood, was immediately called in, and took away fome Blood. Upon lofing Blood, the Paroxyfm of the AJihma ceafed a little ; but returned foon after- wards, whilft the Patient was afleep, with great Violence. In this State of the Difeafe I 'was lent for, and found the Patient, upon leaving his Bed, fome- what eafier. Altho' he complained even then of great Pain, and- a Tendernefs of the Sores ; fo much, as not to bear be- ing touched. Upon

Of Sea Wa ter. 181

Upon examining the Ulcers, I found them covered with flat depreffed Skins, of a livid Colour, containing underneath a fharp Sort of Ichor. We cut, and dref- fed them with red Praecipitatc, Ungue?it. Aur. and Cerat. to keep the Remedies fixed ; and prefcribed a Julap with Pulv. Gafcoign. to be taken as often as the Pa- tient was languid, or fick at the Sto- mach. At Bed Time we put on a pret- ty large Blifter, but the Patient was a- gain obliged to quit his Bed, upon a Return of his AJlhma whilft he flept.

The next Day we found the Blifter had done it's Duty well, by bringing a- way a fufficient Quantity of Humour; fo that from that Time no AJlh7?ta re- turned, and the Pain was lefs, the E- ruptions tending to Maturation. We now on the Declenfion purged with Manna and Glauber's Salt, and pre- fcribed an Eleftuary of JEthiop. mine- ral. Pulv. Ari comp. &c. purging with

Sea

1 8 2 On the Use

Sea Water every fecond or third Day, By thefe Means the Patient recovered his Health, without any frefh Attack of his Afthma^ and complained only of thofe Parts, which were the late Seat of the Difeafe, as being too tender to bear the Touch. And I have found this Ten- dernefs continue for fome little Time af- ter the Difeafe was over, in moft Cafes of this Sort. I cure it however by the following Embrocation, and the Ufe of Antifcorbutics.

R Camphor. 37

Spts. Cochlear, hortenf. ft/?* m. f. EmbrGCatio.

The Parts affe&ed are to be rubbed, Morning and Evening, with a Sponge dipt in this Embrocation ; and the Bel- ly kept open by the following Me- thod.

' RMthiop.

Of Sea Water, 183

R /Ethiop. mineral, lij Pulv. Art camp, ziij Occ. Cancror. Cor all. r. ppt. aa zij Syr. Viol. q. s.

f. EleEl. de quo fumat q. n. ?n. ma- ne (IP noEley bibendo Vbj Aq. Ma- rin, altero quoque 7nane.

It may be proper to obferve, before I clofe the Account of this Cafe, that the beft Time for purging, in thefe Difor- ders, is, when the Heat, Thirft, and Reftlefnefs abate; which feldom hap- pens 'till the Eruptions are maturated. For as thefe Eruptions are critical, there is more Hazard in their ftriking in, than in Difeafes of the Skin, which are not attended with any Feverifhnefs.

Laftly, if this Difeafe invefh the mid- dle of the Body, like a Girdle, it fhould be treated in the fame Manner, as that Species defcribed above. For as I had

obferved

184 On- the Use

obferved the moft threatning Symptoms to appear, where the Breaft, and upper Parts of the Body's Trunc were affect- ed, I chofe to draw my Account of the Difeafe from a Cafe, where thofe Parts were concerned.

Hist. XXXIV.

A Gentleman of four and forty was affli&ed with hard fcrophulous Tumours, upon both Knees, and upon the right Wrift alfo. Salivation had been tried; but was of no Kind of Service towards curing his fcrophulous Com- plaints. He came at laft to me, and upon my Recommendation went to Brighthelmjlone\ where he drank a Pint of Sea Water every Morning, for four Months together, without any Intermif- fion.

As foon as ever the Tumours appear- ed to be declining, he went into the Sea,

by

Of Sea Wat e r. 185

by Way of cold Bathing ; and being perfe&ly reftored to Health, left us. There remained however an Anchylofis upon one of the Knees, which had been formed before he came to me ; and oc- cafioned his Walking with fo much Dif- ficulty, that he was obliged to ufe Crutches ; and indeed at the Time he went from us, the Knee was, from the fame Caufe, fo very ftiff and unpliant, that he wanted even then the Support of a Walking-ftick.

Hist. XXXV.

— Scorbutic Eruptions, which feem- ed to be of the humid Lepra Kind, fpread over the whole Body, and where- ever the Cloaths were fuffered to touch the Skin, they ftuck fo clofe, that Blood followed their plucking off, from feveral Places. This Cafe had been fufpefted of a venereal Taint, and therefore Saliva-

A a tion

1 86 On the Use

tion had been advifed, and tried; tho' without Succefs. The Patient came af- terwards to the Sea, not far from me, and entered upon the following Method,

R jflLthiop. mineral. lj Occ. Cancr. $vj Antim. crud. ppt. gij JEthiop. vegetab. zij Pulv. Viperar. zij Syr. Viol. q. s.

f. EleSl. de quo fumat q. n. m. ma- ne & vefperi, bibendo Vbj Aq. Ma- rin, mane^ quotidie.

After he had taken thefe Medicines, for the Space of two Months, we add- ed, towards the End of the Cure, as follows ;

R TinEiur. Aniimon.

Balfam. Polychrejl. aa. p. ce. fumat, gutt. xxx9 ter Die.

By

Of Sea Water. 187

By thefe Means he went away entire- ly cured ; not only of the fcorbutic E- ruptions, his original Complaint, but of a Rheumatifm alfo, which feifed him after Salivation.

Hist. XXXVI.

— A dry Lepra came upon the Head, and almoft all the Joints, and leprous Spots were fcattered over the Surface of the whole Body. This Cafe was ex- treamly obftinate, and could not be cu- red without great Patience and Perfeve- rance. The Patient continued to drink a Pint of Sea Water every Morning, for nine Months together, without the leaft Intermiffion ; and, as the Reward of his Steadinefs and Refolution, in bearing the tedious Procefs of this Cure, was re- ftored to perfect Health.

A a 2 Hist.

188 On the Use

Hist. XXXVII.

An Rryfipelas feifed upon both

Legs; the Veftels were very much dis- tended ; and the Blood fo tinged with Bile, that the Skin appeared as yellow as Gold, after being preffed with the Fin- ger.

This Patient took a Pint of Sea Wa- ter every Morning, for a Week only, and, as the Swelling entirely went away upon it, he recovered without any far- ther Afliftance.

Mr. Turner of

Brighthelmfione^

Apothecary.

Hist,

Of Sea Water. 189

Hist. XXXVIII.

Of a Scirrhous Liver.

A Gentleman came to me with the Complaint of a Scirrhus of the Liver, with a large Tumour, hard and unequal; the Eyes were of a Colour as yellow as Saffron, and the Skin covered with pruriginous Eruptions. In thefe Circumftances he began the Ufe of Sea Water; by Means of which he found both his Jaundice, and the cutaneous Eruptions, much alleviated. But the Scirrhus of the Liver remained as it was before the Ufe of Sea Water. And in- deed I conceive no Hopes from Sea Wa- ter, in a confirmed, perfed: Scirrhus ', as I have obferved in the Cafe faid to be fhewn to Dr. Johnson; where the Difeafe of the Skin only was removed by the Sea Bathing, and other Helps ; the

Difeafe

190 On the Use

Difeafe of the Liver ftill remaining un- fubdued.

In thefe Cafes, where from the Com- plication of Diforders the Cure is more difficult, I have often given vitriolated 'Tartar with good Succefs. But where- foever it is ufed, be cautious that it is not given too acid ; which Inconvenience I often guard againft, by joining Salt of "Tartar with it ; riling from fmall to larger Dofes, as the Stomach will per- mit.

Hist. XXXIX.

Of ait American Scrophula.

Youth near thirteen Years old, a Native of our Colony at ya- makd) was fent by his Friends to Bright- helmjlone^ to be under my Care. The Neck was every where full of fcrophu- lous Tumours, and the Head was in a

fur-

Of Sea Water. 191

furprizing Manner covered with Tu- mours refembling Fungufes, of a dark- brown Colour. The Bafes of thefe Tu- mours had deeply and ftrongly rooted themfelves in the Pericranium, and their Heads were foft and unequal, with a Sort of Pits in them like Sponge, fhedding blood upon the flighteft Touch. After Venzefedion, I ordered the Ufe of that Ointment of Tar, above prefcribed, and an Ele&uary of ALthiop. Mineral, with Sea Water every Morning, which he con- tinued for four Months. By thefe Means the Tumours, both in the Neck, and upon the Head, were entirely diffipated, and healed. But there ftill remain on the Head very deep Cicatrices, which fhew where it fuffered a Lofs of Flefli from the corroiive Ulcers.

APHO-

192 On the Use

aphorisms.

N

I.

Ature cures by her own Power many Difeafes.

II.

The Phyfician therefore ought to look upon Her as his beft Guide ; and pur- fue wherever fhe marks out the Way.

III.

Children of both Sexes, who labour under difeafed Glands before the Time of Puberty, are often cured by the break- ing down of the Menfes in Females, and by the change of the Conftitution in Males. *Patet hoc luculentiusy quia Ju- ve?m ccelibes frequenter Jlrumoji jiunt j

a Vid, Wharton, de glandulis, p. 247.

1 pojlea

Of Sea Wa t e r. 193

poftea verb Matrhnonio conjunEii, nonnun- quarn fponte cur ant ur. Ncmpe Materia dim ad Strumas fluens> ad alias jam Partes divertitur.

IV.

If the obftrudled Glands in Females are not cured before the forty fifth Year of the Perfon's Age, or about that Time, there is generally a Recrudefcence of the Difeafe, upon the ceafing of the Men- fes.

V.

Children therefore, who labour un- der obftrudted Glands, if they are brought up under the Direction of fkilfull Per- fons, before the Time of Puberty, may in general have the glandular Secretions fo managed, that no Matter fhall be formed before that Time : after which, as I have obferved, Nature will often fliift for herfelf, till the Decline of Life.

B b Glands,

194 O N THE Use

VI.

Glands, which do not adhere ftrongly to any Part, and have not been painful, nor rofe frequently into Inflammations, and fubfided again, are moft likely to receive a Cure from Sea Water.

VII.

If a difeafed Gland of the Lungs, or any other Part, maturates, Sea Water will do no Good, till that Matter is dis- charged.

VIII.

If the Adhefion of Parts in the tu- mefied Glands is fo great, and has been kept up fo long^ that neither the Power of the Heart, nor any Medicine, can disjoin them, and open again the Tubes, which have been fo long comprefled ; then the Operation only can be of Ser- vice.

But

Of Sea Water. 195

IX.

But every Tumour fliort of that Ad- hefion, if the Veflels are not burft, is curable, by a fkilfull Management of the glandular Secretions.

X.

When Revuhion is made from one Gland, and the Fluxion falls upon o- thers, Sea Water muft be continued, till an Habit is acquired of the Redundances paffing off by the inteftine Glands.

XI.

When the Glands are unloaded, and their Tumours decline, cold Bathing of the Part with the Fucusy and Sea Wa- ter, will contribute much to the Reco- very of the weak Tone of the Parts.

XII.

Towards the End of the Cure, Vitrio- B b 2 lies,

196 On the Use

lies, the Ufe of Gall Nuts, the Peruvian Bark, and cold Bathing in the Sea, is proper.

XIII.

Sea Water, if it does not purge quick, will produce Thirft, till the glandular Secretions have wafhed off the bitumi- nous Salts, and the Quantity, that fliould be offered to fupply the Glands of the Mouth, be again reftored to them ; and this is done, as foon as the Operation of the Sea Water upon the Glands of the Inteftines is over ; which is very fhort, tho' the Evacuation be very confiderable.

XIV.

A Suppreffion of the Maifes will of- ten be cured, by the Ufe of the ALthiops vezetahilis and Sea Water, where the Pa- tient is too hot, and thin, to bear the Ufe of Steel, and the Gumms.

In

Of Sea Wa t e r. 197

XV.

In Cafes attended with great Acrimo- ny, I have fometimes thought Sea Wa- ter irritated too much; but a Milk Diet, and Abforbents will alter that State; and I have feen Sea Water cure thofe Cafes afterwards.

XVI.

Tumefied Glands are fubject to Re- lapfes, from their weak Tone.

XVII.

Glands, which have impoftu mated, are apt to break out again near their old Cicatrices , unlefs the Capfula of the Gland has been totally deftroyed, and digefted out.

XVIII.

The Glands, which are not ftrongly compreffed, from their Laxity are moft

apt

198 On the Use

apt to be loaded with Fluxions, and are flower in performing their Offices.

XIX.

From this caufe Fluxions upon the Glands of the upper Lip, and thofe of the Nofe and Noftrils, are more apt to return, when the Fluxion has been car- ried off, and are of more difficult Cure, than thofe of fome other Parts.

XX.

Difeafes of the fmall Glands, are more difficult to cure than thofe of the large.

XXL

Many Ulcers in the Mouth and Tongue, that approach nearly to Cancers, will be palliated, and fome cured, by Sea Wa- ter and other Remedies.

XXII.

Sea Water refifts Putrefa&ion, and pre- vents a Rupture of the Veffels. The

Of Sea Water, 199

XXIII.

The Cure of Tumours of the internal Glands is fafeft attempted under a Courfe of Sea Water, omitting the Application of topical Remedies, to the external Glands, till the Habit has been altered, and the internal Glands relieved by the Medicine.

XXIV.

Sea Water prevents a Conftipation of the Belly, and by that Means facilitates the coming away of Gall Stones and Gravel.

XXV.

Sea Water, by diffolving and diffipa- ting the tumefied Glands of the Liver, is the fafeft Purge, joined with Soap, in a curable lElerus.

XXVI.

Deafnefs, which is occafioned by a fcorbutic Fluxion upon the Glands of

the

200 On the Use

the external Ear, will be cured by drink- ing Sea Water.

XXVII.

Tumours of the alimentary Tube are difperfed by drinking Sea Water; if they are not impoftumated, Scirrhi> or Can- cers: but it {hould not be ufed while the Parts are inflamed.

XXVIII.

Bilious Colics of Sailors are prevented from Relapfes by Sea Water, after the Inflammation has been taken off by Bleeding, and Lenitives.

XXIX.

Where the Caufe of Leannefs, and an He&ic, is from a Fault in the alimen- tary Tube, and no Matter is formed, Sea Water will generally cure it.

When

Of Sea Water. 201

XXX.

When the Gland is in an inflamed State, Bleeding, the Ufe of Nitre, le- nitive Purges, and every Thing that contributes to prevent an Abfcefs, is pro- per.

XXXI.

The Inflammation being removed, Sea

Water is proper to diflipate ; and to

ftrengthen, and recover the Tone of the

Parts.

XXXII.

A Fever with Rigours, in difeafed Glands, portends Matter.

XXXIII.

Tumefied Glands begin to diflipate firft in the foft Extreams of the Tu- mour, till the Parts adjacent are refto- red in fome Meafure to their Shape and Size, and then the Body of the difeafed Gland, or Glands, is felt diftin&ly. If it appears fixt, and adhering to the Parts

C c it

202 On the Use

it refts upon, and is yet very hard, it is too foon to ufe cold Bathing.

XXXIV.

When the Gland appears lefs, more difunited from the Parts it refts upon, and feels a little foftened, then Bathing, firft with the milder Fucus, and by De- grees changing it to the fermented Fu- cus, or Smegma marinum^ will be found of Ufe. And the Cure fhould be finifti- ed by cold Sea Bathing; obferving to drink Sea Water enough to produce two or three Stools, every Morning, as foon as the Patient comes out of the Sea.

XXXV.

Glands, from their lax Tone, are more apt to fuffer, and be opprefled from a Plenitude, than other Parts : which is the Reafon thefe Cafes are generally apt to relapfe ; unlefs the \J{c of Sea Water, and Sea Bathing, are continued

tin

Of Sea Water. 203,

till the Parts have recovered their Tone. And we have an Aphorifm looks ftrong- ly this Way. a Si Mulier, quce nee preg- nans, nee puerpera ejl^ Lac habet, earn Menjlrua dejecerunt.

XXXVI.

Glands, which have often fwelled, and in part fubfided again, leaving the Tumour larger after each new Fluxion, feldom perfectly recover their natural Shape and Comelinefs.

XXXVII.

The Reafon of which I find upon Difle&ion is, that Nature, to prevent the Inconveniency that would arife from the Preflure of the hardened Glands up- on each other, forms a Bed, or Involu- crum of Fat, for the Tumours to reft and lye upon, which increafes much the

a Hippocrat. Apbor. Sett. 5. Apbor. 39.

C c 2 Bulk

204 On the XJti

Bulk or Size of the Part, and fpoils its Comeli nefs.

XXXVIII.

Such Glands, when their fatty Invo- lucrum cannot be reduced by Sea Wa- ter, will however be prevented from Im- poftumations, and thereby all the dan- ger of a purulent He&ic, and a Con- fumption avoided,

XXXIX.

If the remaining Uncomelinefs is in- convenient, or difagreeable to the Pa- tient, it may generally be removed with fafety by the Hand of the Surgeon.

XL.

When any particular Part has been employed, for a long Time, in taking off Separations from the Blood, or any Evacuation is become as it were habi- tual ; and the Perfon finds no bad Ef- fects from it; then fuch Evacuation

fhould

Of Sea Water. 205

fhould not be directed to any other Part, but ought rather to be invited to pafs off, by its old and cuftomary Channel : I mean, if it be not attended with any great Inconvenience, or Hazard to the Patient.

XLI.

And tho' it be inconvenient, or e- ven hazardous, yet ought it not to be diverted from the ufual Courfe, till fome proper Evacuations are fubftituted in its Place ; either by Fontanells, Blifters, or a conftant Purging by Sea Water ; in Order to gain an habitual Outlet for all Redundancies, by the inteftinal Glands.

XLIL

All Tumours that are the Crifes of Fevers are to be left to Nature; that we may firft fee what (he can do, to- wards fuppurating or difperfing them, before we begin the Ufe of Sea Water ; provided the Depofit of Matter be in a fafe Place. Ob-

2c6 On the Use

XLIII.

Obftrudions, removed from Glands of one particular Part, often fhew them- felves beginning in another, unlefs time- ly prevented by a prudent Management of the glandular Secretions. Hence it is obferved, when the Obftru6tions of the pulmonary Glands are removed by Nature, or Art, the Difeafe often fhews itfelf rifing again in the Glands of the Neck.

LXIV.

In managing and increasing all glan- dular Secretions, whether it be from the Ufe of Mercury by the Glands of the Mouth and Fauces, or by the inteftinal Glands from the drinking of Sea Water, the Patient's Strength is always to be coniidered.

XLV.

As the Quality of Mercury is cauflic, it caufes Sloughs, creates Pain, and fti-

mulates

Of Sea Water. 207

mulates more than Sea Water ; and, in thin People, often brings on an he&ic Habit, from the very great Evacuations, which it caufes.

XLVL

But in the Ufe of both thofe Reme- dies, if the Pulfe be too quick, or a lofs of Appetite, or Flefh, denote the Eva- cuations to be ftronger, than the Pa- tient can bear ; then they ought to be laid afide for fome Time, and the Ule of Afles Milk and Abforbents fubftituted in their Room. Which however is not often required, after entring upon Sea Water.

XL VII.

Hot, thin Habits, often bear very well the Ufe of Sea Water alone, when they will not admit of warmer Medicines, al- tho' joined with Sea Water.

But

208 On the Use

XLVIII.

But thofe, who are more corpulent, and have difeafed Glands, without any Difficulty bear the Ufe of ALthiopSy Cin- nabar > Antimony^ the AJhes of fubma- rine Plants calcined \ and fuch Sort of Medicines, joined with Sea Water ; and indeed, by fuch Union, Sea Water itfelf is greatly affifted.

XLIX.

Sea Water has great, and various Ex- cellencies, but it may be mifapplied by imfkilfull Perfons.

APPEN-

Querent Marina $meVesiCuli$.

[ 209 ]

APPENDIX.

OF THE

QJJ ERCUS MARINA.

THE Qu ercus Marina is a fubmarine Plant, growing on the Rocks; and is fo foapy, and flippery, that you can hardly ftand upon the Pla- ces where it grows. Upon enquiring minutely into the State of this Plant, I found, that about the End of July it began to burft its Veflcles, and depofit its Slime, upon the Rocks or Shore, where it grew. After which, new Shoots proceeded in Autumn from the Extre- mities of the laft Year's Branches, which lye floating upon the Water every Tide, by Means of their Air Bladders; and are left flat upon the Banks or Rocks e-

D d very

210 Appendix.

very Ebb. In this State the Plant re- mains till about the Spring ^Equinox y when the Shores receive a confiderable Warmth from the Sun at the Time of Ebb : the Plant is then greatly forward- ed in its Vegetation, and the Veficles begin to fill with Slime apace; which from March to July grows dayly thick- er, till at laft it is very tenacious; when the Veficles burft, as I have before ob- ferved, and the Plant goes on to form it's Increafe, as in the preceding Year.

From this Account we may learn, the higher the Plant is ripened, the more the Slime will bear diluting with Sea Water.

In the difperfing of morbid Glands, I found it very neceflary to feek for fome foapy Slime to mix with Sea Wa- ter, and ufe as a difcutient. Pli- ny's Deco&ion of Frogs in Sea Wa- ter, was far better than our Emplaf- trum de Ranis ; but was not always to

be

Appendix. 211

be had, neither was it a neat Remedy. I therefore ufed the Plant with its Slime, juft plucked from the Rock, to bathe the Tumours two or three Times a Day ; and found it of great Ufe, towards the Declenfion of them.

And as it was highly loaded with its native Soap, and Salt, I tried it internal- ly : and gave one Dram of the Plant in Powder, which has an Oyfter tafte ; and I found a large Dofe would produce a Naufea^ and Vomit. I then calcined it fub Dio^ and found it went into the blacked /Ethiops ; which in this Trea- tife I have called by the Name of JE- thiops vegetabilis. The Plant, being re- duced into Afhes, contains in itfelf burnt Sea Salt, Sal alkalin. with the native Soap of the Plant ; the Water being dri- ed off. This I gave with Succefs in- ftead of burnt Sponge, which I think it far exceeds.

D d 2 I ufed

212 Appendix.

I ufed the JEthiops as a Dentifrice, to corred the Laxity of the Gums in the Scurvy, and cleanfe foul Teeth, in which I found it anfwered extremely well, and thereby convinced me of its deterfive Quality.

Experiment the Firft.

But firft, in Order to try if I could forward the Vegetation of this Plant, that I might get frefh Slime early, I put fome of its Bladders, gathered the Be- ginning of March, into a Bottle of Sea Water, and fet them in my Study, where the Window was Weft, and a conftant Fire kept in the Room all Day. In a- bout a Week I examined the Veficles, and found them as turgid and full of Slime as poffible, but the Liquor was much more diluted, and paler, than the Slime colle&ed in the Summer Months. I wa£hed my Hands .with them, and found the Liquor cleanfed, and fmooth-

ed

Appendix. 213

ed the Skin greatly, but had not fo much Stimulus y as when fermented with Sea Water in the Summer Months. In Cafes therefore that do not require fo great a Stimulus^ as fome do, this is the mild- eft Wafh, and is a moft excellent F il- eus.

Another Ufe, I made of the Slime in this mild State, was, to make a Litus with fine levigated Cadmia^ or Lapis Ca- laminarisy to touch the Eyelafhes twice a Day, with a Pencil dipt in it, wafh- ing the Eyes Morning and Evening with Sea Water. This I found defended the Parts from Excoriations, and dried off the Fluxion of Humours from the Part, obferving to purge dayly with Sea Wa- ter. I tried alfo the Slime, preffed out of the Veficles, internally, in fait fharp fcorbutic Fluxions upon the internal Glands of the Throat, and gave it in- ftead of Snails with Cream, and wafhed it down with the Eringo^ or Affes Milk.

Thefe

214 Appendix.

Thefe Forms agreed well with my Pa- tients, and I thought did good, but Ex- perience only muft fhew, how far this Remedy may be ufeful in thefe Cafes.

And thus much for the Plant, before it has paffed through any Fermentations at all, with Sea Water : let us now fol- low it thro' its Changes, when it be- comes a much more penetrating Re- medy.

Experiment the Second.

In Order therefore to have this Plant's foapy Liquor, after the Month of July^ I put it's Vehicles in their higheft Perfec- tion into Bottles, and filled them up with Sea Water. In about ten Days the Veiicles burft, and the Liquor became a Mucilage, as thick as new Honey. I ufed it externally in this Cafe, and found it more deterfive than the Slime alone.

Expt

Appendix. 215

Experiment the Third.

The fame Liquor, kept fome Months longer, grew thinner, was foetid; but was now much more penetrating ; and fenlibly ftimulated the Nerves, through the Palm of the Hand.

Experiment the Fourth.

I had then an Inclination to try, to what Degree of Abfterfivenefs I could carry this Medicine, by Fermentation; and therefore kept a Bottle in my Study near the Fire, from July to the Month of March following, when it became much thinner than before, and was fo fharp, that it penetrated thro' the Skin in an Inftant ; and left a tingling pun- gent Senfation, for fome Time in the Part. I found it fcoured like Soap Lees, and made the Tops of my Fingers fhri- veled and my Nails white, at their Ends. The foetid Smell was abated: but, to

take

216 Appendix.

take it perfe&ly off, I added a little Spi- rit of Rofemary ; which anfwered that End. Obferving, the Ancients were ufed to direft Bathing with warm Sea Water, in paralytic Limbs, I tried an Embro- cation of this in the like Cafes, and am perfwaded it is an admirable Remedy. I ufed it alfo with great Succefs, on the Declenlion of glandular Swellings ; it being an excellent Difcutient.

Experiment the Fifth.

I warmed fonae of this fermented Li- quor, and upon touching fome Stripes, made on my writing Paper with frefh gathered Violets, found it changed the Stripes into a lively Green j which (hews it alcalizes in Fermentation.

Experiment the Sixth.

I then evaporated two Spoonfuls of this laft