7>Hlm pro Dement Era

><*£f*\i.

till

iHiinimi i ;

SEPTEMBER, 1942

VOLUME 45 NUMBER 9 RETURN POSTAGE GUARANTEED SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH

"We western Home Makers

want fo do more

for VICTORY!"

OU CAN do more ... by volunteering for conservation duty on the Home Front. No formalities . . . and a house dress or apron is the honored uniform. * The most important asset to conserve is family health. Our govern- ment wants us all well and strong. And the first essential is a balanced diet, with ample vitamins and minerals. Nu- trition ranks close to munitions in America's war program. How you cook is almost as important as what you cook. And since over 2,000,000 western homes cook with gas, your gas company has "enlisted" too ... as your aide. Among other war services, it has loaned its Home Service representatives to help conduct community nutrition classes. * Obtain details of this practical, free training from your local newspapers or radio announcements, or

ask us.

SAVE VITAMINS, FOOD, FUEL. See helpful suggestions in column at right. * Intelligent use of gas and gas appliances will aid in the war effort.

MOUNTAIN FUEL SUPPLY COMPANY

Serving Twenty-three Utah Communities Sales offices in Salt Lake City, Ogden and Provo

COOKING: Start vegeta- bles fast in boiling water; cook in minimum water to conserve vitamins and min- erals. Roast meats at low temperature for flavor and tenderness. This slow roast- ing also reduces shrinkage and makes cheaper cuts more appetizing. * Plan complete oven or broiler meals often.

HOT WATER: Make sure thermostat is properly ad- justed. Have leaking faucets repaired. Avoid letting hot water run unnecessarily, as in rinsing dishes; use a pan instead. * Save gas by rea- sonable care, but encourage daily bathing for health!

HEATING: Cold weather is coming soon! Now is the time to call your heating dealer or plumber for fur- nace inspection, adjustment or overhauling, -k Remem- ber too that overheating is as unhealthful as underheat- ing. The average recom- mended by authorities is 70°.

REFRIGERATION: Keep

vegetables in the hydrator compartment to conserve vitamins and flavor. * Cook frozen foods while still frozen, or serve immediately after thawing. * Serve tasty, nutritious milk-and-egg frozen desserts.

GAS

THE

VICTORY

FUU

Buy U, S. War Savings

Bonds and Stamps

By FRANKLIN S. HARRIS, JR.

A new glass, "Foamglas," so light that *** it floats, will soon be used to make life belts, life rafts, and lifeboats buoy- ant. Ordinary glass is mixed with pure carbon and heated until it gets soft, and the carbon burns with oxygen taken from the glass to form a gas, filling the glass with numerous little airtight cells. The glass is about one- sixth as dense as water, about the same as cork.

A nimals which live together may imi- "^ tate each other's habits. The natur- alist W. H. Hudson reported that a cat and rabbit brought up together even imitated each other's methods of eat- ing. The cat might be seen "laborious- ly gnawing at a cabbage stalk while the rabbit licked a bone.'*

Come of the Tatdigvada, microscopic, mitelike creatures, when dried com- pletely, stop their metabolism, and their life becomes latent. Weeks later, when moistened, these dried-out animals re- vive and their life becomes normal.

'T'he wind blows so hard on the coral islet of Ibayat, in the Batanes group of islands in the northeastern Philip- pines, that in some parts each stalk of sugar cane has to be pegged to the ground to keep from being blown over. ■.4

/^Nsmium, a platinum-like metal, is the ^ densest known substance. It is, in its most compact form, as much as twenty-four times heavier than water.

+— — —

A rowboat, complete with seats and ^^ oars, has been constructed entirely of the transparent plastic Lucite. 4

/"\nly ten percent of the timber re- ^ sources of Canada have been tapped.

■4- 1

Tf living yeast cells are exposed to ultraviolet light, nitrogen containing materials are given off which stimulate their growth.

+

TD y using phenolic plastic instead of metals in gears Britain has reduced the noise in factories by sixty-five per- cent. 4

Tt is estimated that gasoline has enough power to propel a car four hundred fifty miles to the gallon, if means could be devised to obtain completely efficient Consumption. (Concluded on page 548)

THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, SEPTEMBER, 1942

X3u

Clip and Send Today lor

Free Recipe Book

Purity Biscuit Co., Salt Lake

Please send my FREE copy of "Cartoon I Cookery."

Name :

i Address

C'tv State

I

,-:v;.:

iflll

ft«l*

Leveling the Idaho Falls L. D. S. Temple grounds with a Miskin Scraper, . the best scraper made for leveling land for irrigation.

VUrite for conformation '■:,.'" -, r

MISKIN SCRAPER WORKS

UCON, IDAHO

545

7>Mmproocmenf Era

"The Glory of God is Intelligence'

SEPTEMBER, 1942

VOLUME 45

NUMBER 9

"THE VOICE OF THE CHURCH"

OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE PRIESTHOOD QUORUMS, MUTUAL IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATIONS, DEPART- MENT OF EDUCATION, MUSIC COMMITTEE, WARD TEACHERS, AND OTHER AGENCIES OF THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS.

Heber J.

Grant,

John A.

Widtsoe,

Editors

Richard

L. Evans,

Managing Editor

Marba C

. Josephson,

Associate Editor

George Q.

Morris, General Mgr.

Lucy G. C<

innon, Associate Mgr.

J. K. Orton

, Business Mgr.

Sentence Sermons Heber J, Grant 555

QhjuUtdL J'swdwtsuiu

President J* Reuben Clark, Jr., Farmer John A, Widtsoe 556

The Gospel Tent Campaign Charles A. Callis 558

Changing Thought on the Book of Mormon

Amos N. and Alton D. Merrill 568

Evidences and Reconciliations: LIV — Why Are the Latter- day Saints a Peculiar People? John A, Widtsoe 577

A Visit to the Scene of Early Priesthood: Melchizedek 587

Canadian Baptisms 551 The Work of the Seventy ....590

No Liquor-Tobacco: Aaronic 591

Open Letter 552 Ward Teaching 592

Conflict, Jack Bennett 559

Our Greatest Menace in This War, Charles S. Longacre..572

"You May Smoke" 597

Elder Stephen L Richards Offers

Senate Prayer 554

Church Moves On 573

"Deseret News Troubadours" Make History, Harold H. Jen- son 575

Genealogy 593

Mutual Messages: Executives..594 Wilshire Ward Variety

^ Show 595

Scouts: Louis Deschamps, Convert, Francis

Deschamps 596

Field Photos 594, 595, 598

Manhattan Sunday School

Frolic 598

Special J-szcduMA,

Promontory Albert L. Zobell, Jr. 560

The Signers of the Constitution Wendell J. Ashton 562

Excerpts from Letters of Brigham Young to his Wife, Harriet

Cook 564

New York, Cradle of Mormonism — Conclusion

Cyril D. Pearson 566

Sampler from the Past Arthur M. Richardson 569

Our Greatest Menace in This War Charles S. Longacre 572

Exploring the Universe, Frank- Light, Hallie Grigg 565

lin S. Harris, Jr 545 On the Book Rack 571

Firsts of the Bible 546 Homing: Why Meat Greases

Answers 595 Must Be Saved 578

Today's Man, Jack Sears 547

Telefacts 548

Priests' Dwellings in Teotihua-

can, Charles E. Dibble 549

Our Constitution Inspired,

George E. Gibby 565

Handy Hints 579

Here's How 579

Cooks' Corner, Josephine B.

Nichols 580

Index to Advertisers 596

Your Page and Ours 608

"The Strategy of Truth" Richard L. Evans 576

Schooling Marba C. Josephson 576

Conflict Jack Bennett 559

Walking, for Health James P. Sharp 561

Frontispiece: Prophetic Inci- The Prize, Jack Richards 585

dent, Hortense S. Andersen....553 Scriptural Crossword Puzzle....606 Poetry Page 570

JhsL Cov&h*

This study recalls in September, the month of the signing of the Constitution, all of those things which, purchased at great cost, now make up our imperiled heritage. Liberty Bell is held deeply in memory among those for whom it symbolizes liberty. The photograph is used here by courtesy of the Maryland Casualty Company, Baltimore.

546

FIRSTS OF THE BIBLE

1. What was the first command?

2. Who built the first ship?

3. Who built the first city?

4. Who was the first sacred his- torian?

5. Who was the first pilgrim?

6. What was the first recorded song of the angels?

7. Who was the first man born that was named by the Lord before his birth?

8. What was the first scriptural song?

9. What was the first offering of women recorded in the Bible?

10. Who was the first person raised from death to life?

11. What is the first mountain men- tioned in the Bible?

12. When was the Sabbath first in- stituted, and by whom observed?

13. What was the text of the Savior's first sermon?

14. What was the occasion for the first voluntary fast recorded in the Bible?

15. What was the first prayer for a king?

(Answers will be found on page 595)

EXECUTIVE AND EDITORIAL OFFICES:

50 North Main Street, Salt Lake City, Utah. Copyright 1942 by Mutual Funds. Inc., a Cor* poration of the Young Men's Mutual Improve' merit Association of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. All rights reserved. Sub- scription price, $2.00 a year, in advance; 20c single copy.

Entered at tie Post Office, Salt Lake City, Utah, as second-class matter. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 1103, Act of October, 1917 authorized July 2, 1918.

The Improvement Era is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts, but welcomes con- tributions. All manuscripts must be accompanied by sufficient postage for delivery and return.

NATIONAL ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES Salt Lake City: Francis M. Mayo San Francisco: Edward S. Townsend Chicago: Dougan and Bolle New York: Dougan and Bolle

MEMBER OF THE AUDIT BUREAU OF CIRCULATIONS

A MAGAZINE FOR EVERY MEMBER OF THE FAMILY

Today's

man

By JACK SEARS

During an intermission at a music recital two men, chums since boy- hood, carried on serious conver- sation. These men, about sixty, had made their business a success. They represented the old school of "maybe they did and maybe they didn't finish high school."

"John," remarked one, "I'm glad I've made a go of my business, and that I personally do not have to compete with the well-trained young man of today. With my limited education — as far as schooling goes — I could not get to first base against these trained young uni- versity fellows."

"Hal, what you say about yourself hits me even harder than it does you," remarked John. "I wonder if your reasons are the same as mine for feeling so."

"Well, this is an age of education, and in my opinion the young man who is not school-trained has less chance to get anywhere than ever before. I've done some thinking, especially since my children began one by one to reach the university. When they were young, I used to brag about being a self-made

man. My children would look at me with keen admiration, and my wife's face beamed with approval.

"Today, realizing what the sincere college boys and girls know and what

THE END, NO ONE KNOWS.

WILL TRY HIS LUCK AT RUNNING SOMETHING HE KNOWS NOTHING ABOUT.

they accomplish, I keep mum about that self-made man stuff!"

Hal continued. "See that couple over there — third row in the two end seats? I suppose seeing them here to- day is what got me onto this college subject."

"Yes, I see them," replied John, "and it seems to me that man's face is fa- miliar— let's see, didn't you send him to my place for a job?"

"You're right; that's the same fellow; but he came back to me and said you couldn't use him."

"Well, you know why I didn't hire him, don't you?"

"Sure I do. What you told him he

gets everywhere he applies. He's a man without any special training, who does several things just so-so, but who has no ability to do any one thing well. He's an untrained man trying to com- pete with a group of well-balanced and highly trained college men who are spe- cialists in their field and who know definitely where they are going. Why,

that fellow is twenty-six years old and for the last six years he has found but

little work. He finished high school

and made no effort to go further in

school. He very quickly found a job

and between the age of sixteen and

twenty he had little trouble in getting

work because he expected but little pay;

in return little was expected of him.

"He has been going with that cap- able and beautiful Miss Cole for six years and they would like to get mar- ried. He can't get a steady job, and when he thinks he is established, along comes an alert, well-trained man to give him a shove out into the street. Miss Cole — a college graduate — is working and has a good position but is afraid to give it up. No other fel- low dare take her out; so on and on they go, year after year, he getting older each year and getting nowhere and she becoming more and more con- cerned about what the future offers. They are truly in love, and I've tried to place the young man in a job at least twenty times.

"I don't have to say these things to you because even you and I, in our own business, are picking only well-trained college men— men who have been taught to think and act. This is truly the trained man's age — the capable and pro- gressive man with something to offer is the one who has a grand chance today."

547

CHEER UP THE FURNITURE!

Renew drab chairs, table, breakfast '* nook, with gleaming gay enamel. Goes on easily. Quick-drying. Washable. See how much *1 AA you can re-do for as little as |*

DECORET ENAMEL

WALLS "COME CLEAN

//

This mild cleanser whisks away ~~{ grime, grease, fingerprints. Kind to painted surfaces, tiles, walls.

FULLER WASH & CLEANER

NEW "STOVE,., for about 35e

Nothing like this heat - resisting enamel for oven exterior, stove pipes, etc. Shiny-black. Vz pint does the trick!

DECORET BLACK STOVE ENAMEL . . .

Won't crack from heat!

LOOK AT YOUR CUPBOARDS!

Few things cost so little as smart cupboard- trimming— do so much for the kitchen!_

Shelve! and interiors come to life with colorful Decoret Enamel. Goes right on over old paint.

Doors cry for decoration with Decalcomania designs. Ready to use. Just dip in water and apply. They're permanent. Only a few pennies each.

PROTECT

WHAT yOU HAVE. MAKE /f CAST/

TELEFACT

MONEY SPENT ON AMUSEMENTS (except

HORSE AND DOG RACES MOVIES)

Exploring the Universe

(Concluded from page 545)

KJylon and rayon are now used in

™ addition to silk in the special paper

for money and U. S. government bonds.

A chemical, dicoumarin, first discov- ** ered in spoiling sweet clover in haystacks, but since synthesized in the laboratory, has been found of use in reducing the clotting ability of the blood. One use is the prevention of blood clots forming in the large blood vessels of the legs after operation.

A recently invented musical device ** will play the tones of any instru- ment desired with the help of vacuum tubes and electrical circuits similar to those used in television transmitters.

Dlants need the daily rise and rail in temperature, as well as the daily changes between daylight and dark, to produce seeds, it has been shown by Professor Frits Went. Tomato plants kept at the temperature of seventy-nine degrees Fahrenheit night and day grew and blossomed, but developed no fruit. Another set of plants with the same conditions, except for temperature which was dropped eighteen degrees during the night, showed better general growth and gave plenty of fruit.

-♦

'"Phe appearance of Halley's Comet A each seventy-seven years has been found in records for each time back to the appearance just after 400 B. C.

> ■

XTew-born babies can be protected •^ from whooping cough if their mothers are vaccinated during the last three months before the babies are born.

T)aper, cardboard, and cellulose sheet- ing are substituting for tin. Con- tainers are of laminated material made by bonding together different kinds of substances to give strength and other qualities such as being leak-proof.

irpHE lack of a certain type of fungus ■*~ growth on their roots frequently results in the failure of pine, spruce, and other conifer seedlings when trans- planted into prairie soil.

TELEFACT

SHORTAGE OF VITAL METALS 1941

AMOUNTS WE CAN PRODUCE

.SHORTAGE

STEEL

COPPER

ZINC

85%

NNNNNNHN1

85%

ALUMINUM

5?%

EACH SYMBOL REPRESENTS 10% OF TOTAL REQUIREMENTS (CIVILIAN & DEFENSE)

SCIENCE SERVICE-PICTOGRAPH CORPORATION 10-25

548

Pjusl&£6u' (DwsrfUnqA, ivl JswilhiiaatrL

By CHARLES E. DIBBLE

Roosevelt Fellow, Institute of International Education

Teotihuacan was a ceremonial center. Around the principal pyr- amids and temples were symmet- rically grouped the habitations of the many priests, whose duty and responsi- bility it was to appease and favor the gods by presiding over the ceremonies of their intricate cult.

During this year's excavations at Teotihuacan considerable attention has been given to what remains of these priest habitations. A sufficient number have been excavated to indicate the

characteristic elements of the house architecture in this ancient city. Build- ings bordered three sides of a central

patio (A). A porch (B) formed the entrance to an inner room ( C ) . As a variant of the standard house plan, rooms were added at each corner ( D ) . Entrance to these rooms was by means of a doorway in each corner. The patio connected with a larger plaza by means of the fourth side (E) .

{Concluded on page 593)

#*.V. .*.«.-*-. %V»,r-„ -* *»'

A TEOTIHUACAN CEREMONIAL SCENE—ABOUT 800 A. D.

THE FLOOR PLAN OF A PRIEST'S HOUSE

PREPARE NOW FOR LEADERSHIP

AT THE

Utah State Agricultural College

Courses Offered in the Following Schools:

AGRICULTURE

FORESTRY

ARTS AND SCIENCES

COMMERCE

HOME ECONOMICS

EDUCATION

ENGINEERING

INDUSTRIES AND TRADES

New Students Register September 25

Former Students Register September 26

Instruction Begins September 28

Utah State Agricultural College

Logan, Utah

Write to the President's Office for a Catalogue or Additional Information

549

THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, SEPTEMBER, 1942 ft

FOR VICTORY — BUY U. S. BONDS AND STAMPS

WAR

ft

000^

A

R»»

.ch***0*

,hesecKt° ,• „nutonhome g ,to raise

• "» fc*CtSS - finisb,°g n needs enoug* »^*» WOU UeIisp^-°*:Tbetovethat^»-evetV „to make this V ;shing. IB d__ and to

UtaV,rJ g?o« » fatte\ ts my sons «*»» £a„ch

"^ * e Lrai College ol d we expect

A8tf :clyg^nteed . in *ese teediog

ro0S V i«e tiials- ,-oopetatiog in . " coosttu'-

by opens up ^^^__^g|

. «*i

Roice Nelson — On

more than 500 irri- gated acres near Cedar City he and his sons feed out about 125 cattle and run about 1500) sheep a year

fcep°'

rte*

Xdveius*

men*

"Some of the heifers in the College feeding trials have made better gains than ours," Mr. Nelson told me. (I took above photo at the College.) "At present we feed our own cattle 10 pounds of rolled barley plus 30 pounds of corn silage per head per day — and all the hay they can clean up. Under this program they gain about 1.6 pounds daily"

a

'We recently built a killing and cooling plant on the ranch," Mr. Nelson told me, "and we also pur- chased a 5-ton refrigerated truck (shown here) to handle the animals after butchering. No animal that isn't finished and ready for consumption leaves our place. Safeway has bought a good deal of my meat. They demand the best grade but always pay the going price or better. We figure the Safeway

people have proved friends"

550

My camera got "a pat on the back" for this Here- ford picture snapped at Branch Agricultural Col- lege of Utah at Cedar City. Heifers shown here are some of those in feeding trials Roice Nelson tells about. "The College separates the animals into groups and feeds each group a different ration," Mr. Nelson explained. "The heifers are weighed regularly in an effort to discover the best ration for finishing in southern Utah. After

120 days the cattle are sold and new trials are then started with new stock"

In charge of the feeding trials at the College, in addition to his other work, is John V. Christensen, Assistant Pro- fessor of Animal Husbandry

YOUR SAFEWAY RANCH AND FARM REPORTER

THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, SEPTEMBER, 1942

A VISIT TO THE SCENE OF

£wdi^. ^anjouUwrL Bapjti&mA.

THE accompanying picture shows Elders Joseph Fielding Smith of the Council of the Twelve and David A. Smith, the latter now presid- ing in the Canadian Mission, standing, June 18, 1942, near the stream in which their grandmother, Mary Fielding Smith, with other early converts, was baptized by Elder Parley P. Pratt in the year 1836. Among these converts were John Taylor, who became the third President of the Church, Joseph Fielding, and Isaac Russell and the two Fielding girls, Mary and Mercy.

In the spring of 1836, Elder Parley P. Pratt found himself badly in debt and his wife seriously ill. A number of brethren had been called to go on missions. Elder Pratt hesitated to ac-

Elder Pratt arranged his affairs and within a few days left for Canada, jour- neying first to Hamilton. When he ar- rived there, he was without money and wondered how he was to reach Toron- to. He had learned by earlier experi- ences that in such a position as this he had one Friend who had never failed him, so he sought a quiet place and knelt in prayer. Shortly afterwards a stranger approached him and inquired his name and where he was going. Re- ceiving the information, the gentleman asked Elder Pratt if he needed any money, and receiving an affirmative an- swer, he handed to Brother Pratt ten dollars and also gave him an introduc- tion to Mr. John Taylor in Toronto. Elder Pratt made haste to reach To-

Elder Joseph

Fielding

Smith of

the Council of

the Twelve

(right),

and David A.

Smith (left),

President of

the Canadian

Mission, at

the site of

early Canadian

baptisms.

cept this call because of serious finan- cial difficulties and the serious illness of his wife. While pondering ove.r these things, one evening a knock came to his door. He arose, opened the door and admitted Elder Heber C. Kimball and other elders and the evening was spent in gospel conversation. Before the brethren took their departure, Elder Kimball offered to give Elder Pratt a blessing, so the visiting brethren laid their hands upon his head and in the course of the blessing Elder Kimball said:

Brother Parley, thy wife shall be healed from this hour . . . Arise therefore, and go forth in the ministry, nothing doubting. Take no thoughts for your debts, nor the necessaries of life, for the Lord will supply you with abundant means for all things. Thou shalt go to Upper Canada, even to the city of Toronto, the capital, and there thou shalt find a people prepared for the fulness of the gospel, and they shall re- ceive thee, and thou shalt organize the Church among them, and it shall spread thence into the regions round about, and many shall be brought to the knowledge of the truth and shall be filled with joy, and from the things growing out of this mis- sion, shall the fulness of the gospel spread into England, and cause a great work to be done in that land.

Taking courage from this blessing,

ronto and immediately went to the home of John Taylor who received him in a courteous but rather cold spirit and showed very little interest in him or his message. Mr. Taylor was a preacher for the Methodist Church and had gath- ered about him a number of persons, including the Fieldings, who were not satisfied with the sectarian faiths.

Elder Pratt sought several opportuni- ties to preach, including the use of the courthouse, but was in all instances re- fused. Retiring to a pine grove just out of the city, he knelt in prayer and asked the Lord to open the door for him in Toronto. He then again entered the city and went to the home of John Taylor saying that he had come for his baggage as he was about to depart. While conversing with Mr. Taylor, who was busy in his workshop adjoin- ing the house, a Mrs. Walton entered the home and visited with Mrs. Taylor. Upon learning from Mrs. Taylor the nature of the mission of Elder Pratt, Mrs. Walton was greatly impressed and said she felt that the stranger from the United States had a message for the people. She thereupon invited Elder Pratt to come and lodge at her home, saying she would provide a room where he could preach. The invitation was (Continued on page 600)

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New students ore registering every day. Write for our "Bulletin of Information"

it

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551

Two New Strained Foods For Your Baby !

mi

, is»fls»

... • =J Beef Broth With Beef HeinxStromedBeefB^ trained

Now you can vary baby's menu with two more delicious, dependably nutritious strained foods backed by Heinz famous 73-year quality reputation! Like all 15 Heinz Strained Foods, these new products are cooked scien- tifically and vacuum-packed in enamel-lined tins to make sure that precious vitamins and min- erals are retained in high degree. All the fresh flavors and tempting colors of choicest fruits and vege- tables are also captured! For baby's sake, include these two new dishes in your next order of ready- to-serve Heinz Strained Foods!

m

tff*

m

■. ■

*g»

w

<HZffl

HeinxStrainedVegetabUsAndlomb

-Lamb meat and broth ar

nourishing vej^" nd celery Sa^etra milk.

TT •

neinz

SPuuviecC'

OPEN LETTER

TO A DRIVER WHO DRINKS AND SPEEDS THROUGH OUR STREETS.

I

552

saw you barely miss a little boy on a tricycle this after- noon and heard you yell, "Get the

out of the way! Don't you

know any better than to ride in the street?" He didn't answer be- cause he hasn't learned to talk very well yet. So I'm going to answer for him.

No, the little boy doesn't know any better than to ride his tricycle in the street. He has been warned not to, but little boys don't always heed warnings. Some adults don't either, especially traffic warnings; for example, the one limiting the speed of automobiles.

I'm going to tell you something about that little boy. He has a mother who endured considerable inconvenience, anxiety, and suf- fering to bring him into the world. He has a father who has worked hard and made many sacrifices to make him healthy and happy. The supreme purpose of their lives is to have their little boy grow up to be a useful man.

Now stop a minute and think. If you should kill a child, how would you feel facing his parents? What excuse could you give them for having robbed them of their dearest possession? More impor- tant, what excuse could you pos- sibly offer Him whose kingdom is made up of little children?

Children, my hasty friend, were here long before you or your au- tomobile were thought of. All the automobiles on earth are not worth the life of one little boy. We don't know what that little boy may some day be. But we know what you are — and it's un- important. We could get along without you, but we can't spare a single little boy on this street.

Used by permission o/ the "Family Circle"

Illil,

IB

By

HORTENSE SPENCER ANDERSEN

Photograph by H. Armstrong Roberts

PROPHETIC NCIDENT

(At Washington's Inaugauration)

w.

ith hand upon the very sacred page Of holy writ where Jacob blessed his son Pronouncing Joseph's lasting heritage, Our country's father had his task begun. He kissed the page and swore to "preserve, protect, Defend" the constitution of this land, That gods here worshiped, men could now select In utter freedom without reprimand.

T

Ihis choice of gods to worship, we express As God intended* when, to Joseph's seed, He gave the blessing that who would possess This land of promise must this warning heed: To worship only Christ, obeying His command; He'd then protect and bless this Promised Land.

553

THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, SEPTEMBER, 1942

Maybe^m Have a Cinderella, too

Who's this? . . . Not that drab little thing who's never

been dated. Not 'Droopy', the one that always looked

like a fugitive from a washtub. Say . . . she's smooth!

• • •

It's sad to see a gay, young spirit, stifled by dingy, half- washed dresses. But not serious. Nothing a bar of Fels-Naptha Soap can't cure.

Keeping a school girl's varied wardrobe thoroughly clean is no job for ordinary soap. Party dresses to wash gently. Grime to get out of rough and tumble things. Gay colors to keep clear and bright. And sweaters — oodles of them every week! To this complicated washing job Fels-Naptha Soap brings two extraordinary cleaners. Gentle, active naptha and richer, golden soap. These two get dirt out — all of it — with little rubbing and no rough handling. Quickly, too — and that's important. Probably your own disposition will keep pace with daughter's 'oomph' rating, if you start using Fels-Naptha Soap — now.

Golden bar or Golden chips Fels-Naptha

banishes TattleTale Gray

554

ELDER STEPHEN L RICHARDS OFFERS

STEPHEN L RICHARDS

"Plder Stephen L Richards of the ■L"/ Council of the Twelve offered the opening prayer in the United States Senate, Washington, D. C, June 29.

Elder Richards was invited to offer the prayer by Vice President Henry A. Wallace, who extended the invita- tion at the suggestion of Utah's senator, Elbert D. Thomas.

The prayer offered follows in full:

We bow before Thee, our Heavenly Fa- ther, in humble prayer. We thank Thee for the manifold blessings Thou hast be- stowed upon us, in this our beloved country. Our hearts are filled with gratitude for the sacred institutions of America which are founded in Christian virtue and righteous- ness.

O God, preserve these inspired concepts and establishments in the earth. Let not the adversary of light and truth destroy free- dom, and worship, and divine faith. Bless all those, the world over, who give them- selves to the cause of liberty. May they be conscious of the fact that it is Thy cause, subserving the noble lineage, the free agency, the dignity and the majesty of man.

Remember, O Lord, those who bear arms to sustain these holy causes of freedom and Christ. Make them potent. In Thy mercy preserve their lives and their virtue, and may they have the comfort to know that their service has Thine approval.

Bless the homes from which they come. Let Thy spirit bring consolation and forti- tude to aching and anxious hearts, and as- suage the sorrow of those bereaved.

Unite the people, Father, in purpose and effort, and in prayerful solicitude for the common good. May pride and arrogance and self-sufficiency give place to true hu- mility that recognizes Thy sovereignty and the dependence of all on Thy providential care. Forgive our errors and our weaknesses. Help us turn from wrong and unprofitable ways, that we may more closely approach Thee in the hour of our need.

Bless those who direct the nation. May they truly be Thy servants, as they serve the people and the great cause. Inspire the minds and the hearts of the lawmakers. May vision and great wisdom be their portion. Remember him, oh, Father, who bears the responsibility of leadership — our President.

Uphold his hands. Endow him with great gifts — gifts of the spirit, to see the way and the light and to follow the course Thou dost direct.

We pray for the early triumph of right- eousness and truth. We pray for peace, founded in the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man. All this we do humbly in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. Amen.

Ssuni&nxjL Ssuwwfidu

By PRESIDENT HEBER J. GRANT

[ WANT YOU TO REMEMBER THAT LEARNING IS SPLENDID, BUT TO DO IS THE ONLY THING THAT COUNTS WITH THE LORD, AND I WANT YOU TO DO ALL YOU CAN IN THE CHURCH.

N

O MAN IS ENTITLED TO BE A LEADER WHO CANNOT RISE ABOVE SELF- INTEREST.

The longer I live the more I see that money is of no value unless with it we can have a love of the gospel and a sincere desire to work for the advancement of God's work on the

earth.

* * *

There is one thing that sustains me, and that is the fact that all powers of mind and body come from God and that He is perfectly able and willing to qualify me for His work provided I am faithful in

doing my duty.

* * *

I can say today that there is nothing I want so much as to do my duty in the Church and if money will aid me in doing that, then I want it; and if it shall in the slightest degree retard my advance- ment in that direction then I hope for failure instead

of success.

* * *

There is nothing on this earth that brings so much satisfaction and comfort as the knowledge that we are in the line of our duty, no matter how hard the duty may be.

* * *

I want you to remember that learning is splendid, but to do is the only thing that counts with the Lord, and I want you to do all you can in the

Church.

* * *

There is no true happiness in this life or the life to come if you think only of yourself and of your

own comfort.

* * *

I always feel that it is the proper thing to have the best house in the ward the one we worship the

Lord in.

* * *

Too many people are as liberal as liberal can be with Church or other money that is not their own, and for which they do not have to work — but hit their own pocket, and O, what a difference!

Death is a great sorrow, but there are others which are far greater, and to those of us who have an abiding faith in the eternity of the life to come, death has lost its terror.

We generally have better saints when the devil

is barking.

* * *

The Lord is the best friend I have ever had, and I think you cannot do better than to trust Him and He will reward you for all that you do.

* * •

With the things of the world the more we get the more we want, but with the gospel the more we learn the more we love our fellows and wish to

divide with them.

* * *

No man is entitled to be a leader who cannot rise above self-interest.

* * *

I feel that there is no honor on this earth that is so great as to be called to work for the Lord; that is beyond money and beyond price.

* * *

There are many of the poor and humble among the Latter-day Saints who are not thought much of today, but who will stand exceedingly high with the Lord on the great day of judgment.

* * •

I want every young man in the Church, and out of it, for that matter, to learn the lesson that riches are not a good thing unless wisdom shall go hand

in hand with them.

* * *

It is in the days of adversity that individuals and nations have developed.

* * *

I feel that poverty, with the blessings of the Lord, is better than wealth without His blessings.

555

fijiniicbmL jl. fismbsju. Qlahk., pi..,

... , FARMER

By Dr. JOHN A. WIDTSOE

of the Council of the Twelve

AS AN EXAMPLE TO THE CHURCH

THIS TEACHER, LAWYER, AND

STATESMAN TILLS THE LAND

WHICH NURTURED THE YEARS OF

HIS YOUTH.

OATS IN THE SHOCK WITH GIANT ROW OF LOM- BARDI POPLARS IN BACKGROUND. HEAVY CROPS ARE AVAILABLE ON THE STRONG CLAY LOAM SOIL OF THIS GRANTVILLE LAND.

THE pursuit of agriculture has always been held in high re- spect by the Latter-day Saints. That is well, for economic and spiritual stability accompanies the wise tilling of the soil.

In this day of confusion, members of the Church should resist the temp- tation to part with their farms. A farm is as an inheritance from the Lord; an island of safety in a trou- bled sea. As never before, our farms should be tilled with care; in fuller harmony with advancing agricultural knowledge. And all who love farm life might do well, in anticipation of future events, to invest their savings in land.

So runs the teaching of the leader- ship of the Church.

One of the foremost of those who have taken these thoughts to heart is J. Reuben Clark, Jr., first coun- selor in the Presidency of the Church. The savings of a life unusu- ally crowded with professional and official duties have been used in ac- quiring and developing a farm. Stocks and bonds have passed him by. The material results of his life's labors are in the land.

This is an example for the Church to heed. In times of economic stress the farmer's acres will at least pro- duce food for the family — therein lies fundamental security. To suc- ceed upon the land, the farmer must obey the laws of nature carefully, in plowing, sowing, irrigating, harvest- ing, and maintaining soil fertility — that tends to make him a law-abiding citizen, a safe bulwark of the state. 556

Photos bit Don H. Smith

He must battle enemies in the form of insect and disease, and, after har- vest, the fluctuations of the market — this calls into action his every faculty and develops his strength. The far- mer deals with the soil below and the heavens above; he senses the op- eration of eternal forces — this makes him a worshipful man. The Church has ever been grateful that the ma-

IN GRANTSVILLE IS THE NOW ABAN- DONED ONE-ROOM ADOBE SCHOOL BUILDING WHERE PRESIDENT CLARK FIRST ATTENDED SCHOOL. PLANS

ARE UNDER WAY BY THE PEOPLE OF GRANTSVILLE TO RECONDITION THIS STRUCTURE AS A PIONEER LAND- MARK AND MUSE- UM.

jority of its members have been hus- bandmen, or tillers of the soil.

President Clark's faith in the in- spiration which led the Church into the valleys of the West is perhaps a greater example to the people. The lands that he — teacher, lawyer, and statesman, with a worldwide view — chose to buy and to develop are in Grantsville, Utah, in the heart of the

SHOWING ONE OF THE FLOWING (ARTESIAN) WELLS ON THE CLARK FARM WHICH ANALYZES AS BEING PURE, AND WHICH FLOWS 240 GALLONS PER MINUTE. PRES- IDENT CLARK IS SHOWN OPERAT- ING THE VALVE WHICH REGU- LATES THE FLOW FROM THE LARGE PIPE.

PRESIDENT CLARK ASTRIDE ONE OF HIS SADDLE HORSES.

A YOUNG BLACK WALNUT TREE IS SEEN AT THE LEFT AND IS ONE OF MANY PLANTED ALONG THE FENCE LINES. TO THE WEST AND IN THE BACKGROUND MAY BE SEEN PART OF THE STANSBURY RANGE OF MOUN- TAINS.

empire that the Latter-day Saints wrested from the desert. There he was reared; there his father won a subsistence for his family. He had the faith to carry on the work of the pioneers. The village is small, the water supply limited, but upon such places and upon such faith the Church has been built into prosper- ity. Too many undervalue their in- heritances from the fathers who founded the intermountain West. It is active faith in existing resources, the constant, proper use of them by man himself, wherever upon earth, that brings success. And it was not by chance that Brigham Young set- tled the people near the shores of the Great Salt Lake! So runs the faith of Brother Clark, who now tills the land within sight of the old adobe schoolhouse where early lessons were learned, within sight of the scenes that enriched his childhood and youth with the fundamentals which have yielded the strength and leadership of his later life. Nor is the relationship of President Clark to his farm one of mere ownership and remote interest. He personally supervises its every operation, and such time as can be spared from his heavy administrative duties he gives to working the soil and performing the other labors essential to making the earth yield.

'"The lands of the Clark farm were acquired gradually as means and

quiring a minimum of demand upon outside sources. The home farm of sixty acres, dating back to pioneer days, of fertile soil and ample water supply, produces garden stuff, sugar beets, hay, and other crops needing irrigation. On this farm, also, are the dwelling house, outbuildings, barns, etc.; and there the horses, cows, and pigs are kept. In the val- ley eastward is a turkey ranch, equipped for raising five thousand turkeys, with a neighboring farm of five hundred thirteen acres— two hundred dry farmed and sixty irri- gated— which supplies a good part of the feed for the turkeys. An early grist mill with much modern machin- ery stands there. On the foothills to the west, ten hundred eighty-six acres of sagebrush land belong to the enterprise. The rolling, rocky part is used for grazing. The level acres are being cleared for dry farm- ing. This season fifteen acres were planted there to Michael grass, and the yield was very good. The field of ripened grass, in the midst of the sagebrush was not only beau- tiful to the eye, but a lesson to be fol- lowed by others, who, ignoring pos- sibilities when proper methods are followed allow large land areas to re- main unproductive. Grazing rights, as usual, in the neighboring moun- tains make possible summer pasture for sixty-five head of cattle. Back in the valley, again, north and east

opportunity permitted. They form of the home farm, towards the Great together a self-contained umt, re- (Continued on page 605

PRESIDENT CLARK MAKING FRIENDS WITH TWO OF THE COLTS RAISED ON HIS FARM.

"- ■■'":'' -:.-:-- "'■;;:;:'■::;:..:.

LOOKING NORTH- EAST FROM THE DRY LAND FARM ROAD. GRANTS- VILLE STRETCHES ACROSS THE PIC- TURE AND IS MARKED BY A LINE OF TREES. THE GREAT SALT LAKE IS SEEN ALONG THE HORI- ZON.

557

**■ GOSPEL TENT CAMPAIGN

By CHARLES A. CALLIS

Of the Council o[ the Twelve

The Gospel Tent, 19 13, Elder W. P. Whitaker, seated in center, now president of the Southern

States Mission.

IN bygone days in Dixieland the gospel was preached by old- fashioned methods. The elders labored exclusively in the country districts, traveling without purse or scrip, eating and drinking whatso- ever things were set before them and asking no questions. The hospitable people of the South believed that the laborer was worthy of his food.

It was a different story, however, when the missionaries attempted to proselyte in the cities and, according to instructions, sought entertainment therein; they were arrested on the charge of vagrancy and thrown into prison. Thereafter to avoid this treatment the brethren in one or two cities were advised to secure lodg- ings and provide their own food. Men who read Mormonism with their prejudices, and not with their eyes, prevented the renting of public halls in which to hold meetings. Thus the door to extensive city missionary work seemed to be locked.

It was evident that something new must be done to form acquaintance with men in the cities. After careful consideration a gospel tent was pur- chased. It had a seating capacity of two hundred. When the sides were lifted, as they usually were, be- cause the weather was warm, the space was increased considerably. The seats, in the main, were rough planks resting upon a prop at either end. People came to the meetings expecting to have to sit on hard seats and they were not disappointed. A raised platform in one end of the enclosure was built for the speaker to stand upon. Four stalwart and experienced elders were in charge of this portable tabernacle. In a 558

suitable place easily reached, in the shade of the oak and the magnolia trees, these earnest preachers pitched their tent.

From the beginning, the venture was a pronounced success. The purpose of the gospel tent campaign was to form a nucleus of a branch

organization in a number of south- ern cities. A tour of the mission as far as Key West, Florida, was made with this temporary place of worship. Several of the powerful city branches owe their existence to this unique but effective method of preaching the gospel.

During the day the elders would tract in the city and invite the people to the services which were held every evening. Crowds flocked to the meetings to hear the gospel for the first time. Many "who came to scoff remained to pray." The tent was the talk of the town. Conver- sions and baptisms were numerous. Sunday School was held each Sab- bath morning; Mutual Improvement, on Tuesday night. Lantern slides furnished visual information con- cerning the Church.

HThe tent services were held in a city from ten days to two weeks, then resumed in another city for a similar period. Two missionaries were appointed, after the tent was moved, to cultivate the ground thus broken.

Kindly disposed southerners, members and non-members, brought food for the preachers. This was the usual menu: Corn bread, turnip greens, grits and grease, sweet po- tatoes, goat meat, beef, pork, yellow- legged chicken, clabber milk, and thickly frosted cakes such as only southern women can make. Ah, a sigh escapes, and the mouth waters when fond recollection reminds us of those good southern dinners.

One summer evening, in the deep- ening twilight, just before the meet- ing began, a beautiful mocking bird, in a nearby tree, serenaded the con- gregation. The remarkable songster {Concluded on page 601)

Above: Brother and Sister Charles A. Callis going to a con- ference in the Kentucky hills.

Right: Elders Callis and Lowry on their way to attend a confer- ence in the Mis- sissippi Delta, 1908.

I

, t struck unexpectedly, this illuminating and disturbing truth. Jim was leaning back in his chair, relaxed, laughing, joking, en- joying the card party immensely. An ominous shadow of something very real had crossed his mind, not real here in this room but real in the fu- ture, a future so close that already the gloom of this trouble was spread- ing over him.

He was looking over his cards at Jane, the girl he loved and was going to marry. She, too, had a handful of cards, but in her other hand she held a cigaret. The smoke curled upward in a waving blue line. Their host's young son, Tommy, was reaching for it with questioning, wondering eyes, but Jane was hold- ing it high out of his reach as she kindly restrained him. "Naughty, naughty, Tommy. You'll burn your paddies."

Jim was momentarily out of this comfortable living room. He was in his own living room. Tommy was his own son; Jane was his wife — the mother of his child. She was hold- ing a cigaret high out of Tommy's reach. Jim reflected forebodingly. She couldn't always hold her cigar- et out of Tommy's reach. Jim's own conscience flooded him with a sense of guilt; he too smoked.

He'd have to think this thing out. Smoking was a harmful, wasteful habit — that, he had always admitted to himself. But he had never thought he was committing any great wrong when he did it, although he had al-

Conflict

baitlsL ivIHv him&sd^ anxL $&v ihsL q&iL hsL lovsudL

By JACK BENNETT

ways been aware of its effect on his body, a slight loss of appetite, a gid- dy, drugged feeling, but had never felt concerned about it. He'd always told himself that he'd watch it, not smoke too heavily, stop for awhile if necessary. In Jane he'd somehow accepted it without question, looking upon it as her own personal right.

Now, he wondered why all these thoughts and questions were sudden- ly forcing his attention. Maybe it was the nearness of their marriage, or the clarity of this little scene be- fore him; maybe it was his first feel- ing of fatherly responsibility, or a voice from somewhere demanding him to produce only the most fit and beautiful life in human form. Per- haps it was one or all of these things, but Jim knew that a reaction was going on inside him that would alter him and his surroundings.

Strange reflections to have at a party. But he knew that he was going to bring this problem to Jane; he knew he was going to stop smok- ing now, tonight.

J,

im found himself awake at two o'clock in the morning. Every fiber of his body was crying out for a cigaret. Lying there, looking through the darkness at the dim de- sign of the wall paper of his room, he began to realize what a slave he had made of himself. He felt his fists clenched at his sides, his body tense. Sleep could never come to him like this. He rolled over on his side.

Just one cigaret, just one to relieve him tonight so that he could sleep, and then he'd clamp down on him- self. But no, agonizing truth hung like a fog over his mind. This was something he could conquer only by stopping now, to put it off was to fall back. He must be as ruthless and as absolute in his resistance as his foe was in its aggressiveness. To clean this up between Jane and him-

self, he would first have to win over it himself.

Why had he ever allowed this thing so completely to enslave him? If only he could sleep. Maybe a walk around the block would relax him. He dressed and went out.

LJays merged into weeks. Jim could feel victory coming to him — but so agonizingly slow.

His greatest obstacle he was yet to meet. Jane had questioned his refusal of cigarets, but he had always brushed the point aside with the re- mark that he was smoking too much lately or that he'd just had one. In every instance when he wanted to approach her on the matter, the fear of her reaction stopped him. Each time he had felt the cold fear that this question might come between them, that all they had planned would be dashed on the rocks of this one point of difference. He felt he must wait until he had the strength of his own victory over it to help him persuade her.

Three months had passed now since that evening at Tommy's. Jim could hear Jane's humming above the clatter of dishes. They had had dinner together. Jane had enjoyed these dinners, but Jim had always protested that after a day in the big department store she shouldn't fuss with cooking. However, she had in- sisted that it wasn't really work but a sort of relaxation. Here he was, pushed out of the kitchen and told to read the paper because he was (Continued on page 584)

559

LELAND STANFORD DRIVING THE GOLDEN SPIKE

PROMONTORY

O.

N June 11, 1942, the Interstate Commerce Commission granted permission to the Southern Pacific Railroad to abandon the Promontory branch, one hundred twenty-three miles of track between Corinne and Lucin, Utah. Many read this news with a twinge of re- gret, because it was here, at Prom- ontory, May 10, 1869, that Utah played host at the completion of the first transcontinental railroad.

Among the early acts passed by the first session of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah, in 1851-52, were several asking Congress to connect Great Salt Lake City with the frontier settlements in the East and with a seaport on the Pacific coast by an overland tele- graph line, by a transcontinental highway, by a "national central rail- road," and by a semi-monthly mail.

Prior to 1860, eighteen state leg- islatures had passed resolutions in favor of a transcontinental railroad. Both the Democratic and the Repub- lican party platforms of 1856 and 1 860 favored appropriate legislation on the subject.

The Union Pacific, which had been created by the Pacific Railroad Act of 1862, began operations Janu- ary 8, 1863. The Central Pacific Company, a California organization created in 1861, began its part of the project in December, 1863. Both companies had the assistance of the government.

Of course every citizen of Great Salt Lake City, Mormon and gen- tile, believed that the railroad should come through that city, and swing around the southern end of Great Salt Lake to the Pacific coast. How- ever, it was proved that the northern route around the lake was shorter, had a better supply of timber, less 560

By ALBERT L ZOBELL, JR.

desert, and was more favorable for a possible branch line to Idaho and Oregon. The Utah Central Rail- road was therefore planned to con- nect Utah's capital with the trans- continental line.

President Brigham Young re- ceived a contract from the Union Pacific for the grading of a ninety- mile strip from the head of Echo Canyon to the mouth of Weber Can- yon, for $2,125,000. The principal sub-contractors under President Young were Joseph A. Young, his eldest son, and John Sharp. To these sub-contractors fell the heavy work of building the bridge ap- proaches and the cutting of the tun- nels in Weber Canyon.

The only contract taken by the Mormons from the Central Pacific was that of Benson, Farr, and West, who undertook the construction work from the vicinity of Humbolt Wells, Nevada, to Ogden. Although the Central Pacific never reached Ogden, the contract was honored for work done.

The Union Pacific arrived in Og- den March 8, 1869, amid a great celebration, and pushed on toward the west.

Promontory was the place, and Monday, May 10, 1869, was the date finally selected for the cele- bration of the completion of the un- dertaking.

The Central Pacific regular pas- senger train left Sacramento at six o'clock on the morning of May 6, with a large party of excursionists. It was closely followed by Governor Leland Stanford's special, with Chief

Justice Sanderson, Governor Saf- ford of Arizona, and other distin- guished passengers'. The California delegation were the first of the vis- itors to arrive on the scene.

pARLY on the morning of May 10, the Union Pacific special ar- rived, carrying the eastern officers of the Union Pacific and four com- panies of the Twenty-first Infantry from Camp (now Fort) Douglas, Great Salt Lake City. A second train from the West arrived, bring- ing more sightseers, and another from Ogden loaded chiefly with Utahns accompanied by the Tenth Ward Band of Salt Lake City, dressed in new uniforms and equipped with new instruments which had been purchased in Lon- don at a cost of twelve hundred dol- lars.

The number of spectators at the driving of the golden spike has been variously estimated at between six hundred and three thousand. It is probable that about fifteen hundred persons were present, including the military and construction forces.

Neither President Brigham Young nor the governor of Utah was present at Promontory. They were represented by the Honorable William Jennings, vice president of the Utah Central Railroad Com- pany, Bishop John Sharp, and Col- onel Charles R. Savage. Colonel Savage made the photographic rec- ord of the day. Ogden was repre- sented by Mayor Farr, Elder Frank- lin D. Richards of the Council of the Twelve, and Bishop C. W. West.

A special telegrapher's kit had

been set up on a small table beside

the remaining gap in the track, where

{Continued on page 602)

TEN DAYS LATER TWO HORSEMEN WERE RIDING UP TO THE SAME LAD. NO USE FOR HIM TO TRY TO GET AWAY FOR THEY WOULD SOON CATCH HIM.

A SHORT SHORT STORY

T

JLhi

.he boy sat on his horse, proud as a king. A slim man, riding towards him, on a very tired horse, stopped and said, "Hello, kid, what you doing?" "Herding cattle." "Alone?" '"Yep."

The man got off his horse, walked around the one the boy was riding and said, "Whose horse you ridin?" rie s mine. "You should ort to be in school an' learn to talk right. Should say 'he was mine,' for I'm a takin' him." * * *

Ten days later two horsemen were riding up to the same lad. No use for him to try to get away for they would soon catch him. As they rode up, the lad noticed one of the riders was rather stockily-built and was smiling. This one said, "Kind of lonesome out here alone, ain't it?"

"I don't mind it," replied the boy.

"Well, I should think your boss would give you a little better horse to ride, for if one of those wild steers took after you he'd mighty soon make short work of you. Take my advice and get a better one."

"Had a good one but that man with you stole him from me."

"You're a liar," challenged the second man. "Never saw you be- fore. Come on, let's be moving be- fore I lose my temper." But the stockily-built rider replied:

"Might be a good story to listen to. Let's get off and see what the boy has to say." He dismounted as did the boy, but the other rider sat in the saddle. Slowly his hand dropped to the butt of a revolver.

"Say, Slim, you might lose your

temper and get into trouble; I'll just borrow your gun while we talk." The heavy-set man had his gun on the man in the saddle as he reached up, undid the belt and tossed the gun, scabbard, and belt full of cartridges on the ground, saying, "Might as well get off and be sociable." There was no smile on his face now. The man got off and sat down.

"Now, lad, you say this man stole your horse. When was that?"

t *nrr i it

len days ago.

"What did your horse look like?"

"That's him, the one this man was riding."

There was silence for some time and then, "Just how did it happen? Tell me all about it and don't be afraid. I'll protect you."

"I was sitting on that hill over there when this man came riding up on a tired horse. He asked if I was alone and whose horse I was riding and when I said it was my horse he knocked me down and kicked the. wind out of me. Then he changed saddles and mounted my horse and rode away, leading his horse."

"Then what did you do?" asked the stocky man.

"I waited till night, watching the cattle, and then I went to the ranch to tell the boss about it."

"How far is it to the ranch?"

"Twenty miles."

"Did you walk?"

"No. I ran most of the way, for I wanted to get back by morning with another horse. He let me take this outfit," pointing to the horse he was riding when the men rode up.

Ihere was silence for considerable time and then - — "Where did you get your horse and saddle?"

"Bought the horse from the boss for $50.00 and the saddle from the

WALKING, for HEALTH

By JAMES P. SHARP

storekeeper for $40.00. Paid for them in cash."

"Now, Slim, I believe you said you bought this outfit from a Mex, down country. Is that right?"

"Every word of it is true. This kid just is a-trying to make out he lost a horse so to get you to give him one. Let's be riding."

"No hurry as I can see. Now, lad, was there any mark on your saddle that you can identify it by?"

"I cut my initials in the leather on the bottom of my stirrups."

Slowly the man arose, walked over and examined the stirrups, and said, "The horse, how do I know he is yours?"

The lad walked over in front of the animal, snapped his fingers a few times and said, "Morning, Trav- eler." The horse, as if awakened from a sleep, looked at the lad, raised its head up and down a few times, and then lifted its right front foot up to the boy's outstretched hand.

Again there was silence which was broken by, "Lad, it appears Slim owes you something for the use of your horse for ten days. He'll be only too glad to give this gun, scab- bard, belt, and bullets and call it square. You might need it to pro- tect yourself from other snakes." He strapped the belt around the boy's waist, turned to the other man and said, "Slim, the 'Wild Bunch' has no use for a man who mistreats la- dies or children, especially boys. If I ever hear of you being seen around this country after tonight then there'll be a funeral and you won't be looking at the corpse. Get walk- ing."

"Which way — " began Slim.

"Take your pick. It's all open range, but get going."

The two sat there for some time as the man grew smaller in the dis- tance. Then, "Say, why not kt him ride old Napoleon down to the ranch. He could leave him there and tell the boss I got my outfit back," said the lad.

"No. He needs considerable walking. It's healthy exercise."

"I never saw you before. What is your name?" queried the boy.

"My name? People call me 'Butch Cassidy.' "

561

JhsL SiansJiiL. oL Bul

STITUTION

Q

N a wall in the na- tion's Capitol, Washington, work- men, in September, 1941, hoisted a massive oil painting into place. Mea- suring thirty by twenty feet— about twice the size of an ordinary bill- board sign! — it cost thirty thousand dollars. It is Howard Chandler Christy's "The Signing of the Con- stitution of the United States."

Christy portrays the thirty-nine original signers of the Constitution

By WENDELL J. ASHTON

Genera/ Secretary , Deseret Sunday School Union

as they affixed their names to the document in the upper room of the State House in Philadelphia, Sep- tember 17, 1787. George Washing- ton, presiding, stands on an elevated platform beside his large, carved, high-backed chair. Seated immedi- ately in front of him is Benjamin Franklin, oldest delegate, in his eighty-second year. His long hair flows over his shoulders. Generally,

however, it is a group of young men. Their average age is but forty-five. The youngest, Jonathan Dayton, a New Jersey attorney, is twenty-six. It is a solemn but colorful gather- ing. Powdered wigs, knee breeches, buckles, and jabots prevail. Repre- sented among these signers are nine- teen lawyers, six merchants, four statesmen, two financiers, two physi- cians, and one each of the following:

ORIGINAL SIGNERS OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES

Nami

Birth Date

Birthplace

State Age At

Representing Convention

Death Date Occupation

George Washington

Feb. 22, 1732

Popes Creek, Va.

Virginia

55

Dec. 14, 1799

Farmer

John Langdon

June 26, 1741

Portsmouth, N. H.

New Hamp.

46

Sept. 18, 1819

Merchant

Nicholas Gilman

Aug. 3, 1755

Exeter, N. H.

New Hamp.

32

May 2, 1814

Statesman"

Nathaniel Gorham

May, 1738

Charleston, Mass.

Mass.

49

June 11, 1796

Merchant

Rufus King

March 24, 1755

Scarboro, Maine

(then part of Mass.)

Mass.

32

April 29, 1827

Lawyer

William Samuel Johnson

Oct. 7, 1727

Stratford, Conn.

Conn.

59

Nov. 14, 1819

Lawyer

Roger Sherman

April 19, 1721

Newton, Mass.

Conn.

66

July 23, 1793

Merchant

Alexander Hamilton

Jan. 11, 1757

Island of Nevis, West Indies

New York

30

July 12, 1804

Lawyer

William Livingston

Nov., 1723

Albany, N. Y.

New Jersey

63

July 25, 1790

Lawyer

David Brearly

June 11, 1745

Spring Grove, N. J.

New Jersey

42

Aug. 16, 1790

Lawyer

William Paterson

Dec. 24, 1745

County Antrim, Ireland

New Jersey

41

Sept. 6, 1806

Lawyer

Jonathan Dayton

Oct. 16, 1760

Elizabethtown, N. J.

New Jersey

26

Oct. 9, 1824

Lawyer

Benjamin Franklin

Jan. 6, 1706

Boston, Mass.

Pa.

81

April 17, 1790

Publisher

Thomas Mifflin

Jan. 10, 1744

Philadelphia, Pa.

Pa.

43

Jan. 20, 1800

Merchant

Robert Morris

Jan. 31, 1734

Near Liverpool, Eng.

Pa.

53

May 8, 1506

Financier

George Clymer

March 16, 1739

Philadelphia, Pa.

Pa.

48

Jan. 24, 1813

Merchant

Thomas Fitzsimons

1741

Ireland

Pa.

46

Aug. 26, 1811

Merchant

Jared Ingersoll

Oct. 27, 1749

New Haven, Conn.

Pa.

38

Oct. 31, 1822

Lawyer

Gouverneur Morris

Jan. 31, 1752

Morrisania,New York

Pa.

35

Nov. 6, 1816

Lawyer

James Wilson

Sept. 14, 1742

Carskerdo, Scotland

Pa.

45

Aug. 21, 1798

Lawyer

George Read

Sept. 18, 1733

North East, Maryland

Delaware

53

Sept. 21, 1798

Lawyer

Gunning Bedford, Jr.

1747

Philadelphia, Pa.

Delaware

40

March 30, 1812

Lawyer

John Dickinson

Nov. 8, 1732

Talbot County, Maryland

Delaware

54

Feb. 14, 1808

Lawyer

Jacob Broom

1752

Wilmington, New Castle Co., Delaware

Delaware

35

April 25, 1810

Statesman

Richard Bassett

April 2, 1745

Cecil County, Maryland

Delaware

42

Sept. 15, 1815

Statesman

James McHenry

Nov. 16, 1753

Ballymena, Ireland

Maryland

33

May 3, 1816

Physician

Daniel of St. Tho. Jenifer

1723

Charles County, Maryland

Maryland

64

Nov. 16, 1790

Financier

Daniel Carroll

July 22, 1730

Upper Marlboro, Maryland

Maryland

57

May 7, 1796

Land Owner

John Blair

1732

Williamsburg, Va.

Virginia

55

Aug. 31, 1800

Lawyer

James Madison, Jr.

March 16, 1751

Port Conway, Va.

Virginia

36

Tune 28, 1836

Lawyer

William Blount

March 26, 1749

Bertie County, N. C.

N. Carolina

38

March 21, 1800

Realtor

Richard Dobbs Spaight

March 25, 1758

New Bern, N. C.

N. Carolina

29

Sept. 6, 1802

Statesman

Hugh Williamson

Oct. 5, 1735

West Nottingham, Pa.

N. Carolina

51

May 22, 1819

Physician

John Rutledge

Sept., 1739

Charleston, S. C.

S. Carolina

48

July 18, 1800

Lawyer

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney

Feb. 25, 1746

Charleston, S. C.

S. Carolina

41

Aug. 16, 1825

Lawyer

Charles Pinckney

1758

Charleston, S. C.

S. Carolina

29

Oct. 29, 1824

Lawyer

Pierce Butler

July 11, 1744

County Carlow, Ireland

S. Carolina

43

Feb. 15, 1822

Planter

William Few

June 8, 1748

Baltimore, Maryland

Georgia

39

July 16, 1828

Banker

Abraham Baldwin 562

Nov. 6, 1754

Guilford, Conn.

Georgia

32

1807

Lawyer

publisher, farmer, landowner, real- tor, planter, and banker.

Thomas Jefferson, in France at the time, referred to this group as "an assembly of demigods,"1 and William E. Gladstone, the British Prime Minister, characterized their finished product as "the most won- derful work ever struck off at a given time by the brain and purpose of man.

In the holy writ of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, however, an even deeper significance is given to the Constitution and its framers. The Lord has said: "... I established the Constitution of this land, by the hands of wise men whom I raised up unto this very purpose, and redeemed the land by the shed- ding of blood."3 Joseph Smith, who received this revelation at Kirtland, Ohio, December 16, 1833, wrote on another occasion, "... the Constitu- tion of the United States is a glorious standard; it is founded in the wisdom of God. It is a heavenly banner; it is to all those who are privileged with the sweets of liberty, like the cooling shades and refreshing waters of a great rock in a thirsty and weary

1M. Farrand, The Fathers of the Constitution, Chronicles of America Series, p. 109.

2Gladstone, in North American Review, CXXVII, p. 185.

3Doctrine and Covenants 101:80.

land. It is like a great tree under whose branches men from every clime can be shielded from the burn- ing rays of the sun."4

HpHAT the framers of the Constitu- tion formed an assemblage of great men no student of history can doubt. Three-fourths of the dele- gates had served in Congress. But in the Mormon way of thinking, these pillars of government were more than intellectual giants; they, in the words of Brigham Young, "were inspired from on high to do that work."5

To delve into the lives of these patriots reveals an abundance of strong religious conviction. Take, for instance, George Washington, president of the Constitutional Con- vention and "father" of this country. As a boy, George wrote this motto in his notebook: "Labor to keep alive in your breast that little spark of ce- lestial fire, conscience." He was a regular attender at his church, tak- ing an active part in his parishes at Alexandria and Pohick.

But Washington's deep-rooted faith branched out beyond chapel walls. Winthrop, the historian, tells

*Smith, Teachings of the Prophet Joseph Smith, p. 147.

^Journal of Discourses, Vol. 7, pp. 9-15.

PHOTOGRAPH BY HORYDCZAK OF THE PAINTING "SIGNING THE CONSTITU- TION OF THE UNITED STATES" BY HOWARD CHANDLER CHRISTY.

us, "It is an interesting tradition that, during the prayers with which Dr. Duche opened that meeting [the First Continental Congress] at Car- penter's Hall on September 5, 1774, while most of the delegates were standing, Washington was kneel- ing.

Washington's true humility shone out when Lewis Nicola, a colonel in his army, apprised him of a move- ment afoot, after the war, to make the general their king. "Banish these thoughts from your mind, and never communicate, from yourself or anyone else, a sentiment of a like nature,"7 was the fiery reply.

Two days after he had received a proclamation from Congress an- nouncing the cessation of hostilities with Britain, Washington ordered the army chaplains to "render thanks to Almighty God."8

Again, in his inaugural address, Washington's thoughts rose heaven- ward: "It would be peculiarly im- proper to omit in this first official act, my fervent supplication to that (Continued on page 598)

eRobert C. Winthrop, Presidents of the United States, edited by J. G. Wilson, p. 19. '•Ibid, p. 25. sIbid, p. 27.

563

EXCERPTS FROM LETTERS

of BRIGHAM YOUNG

To His Wife HARRIET COOK

HARRIET ELIZABETH COOK (CAMP- BELL) YOUNG

With the passing years, new facets of greatness appear to add lustre to the revered name of Brigham Young. Through unpublished letters which are now being brought to the attention of this generation, the tenderness with which Brigham Young regarded his family and his acquaintances is evi- denced. Even in the trials of his westward march with the advance company of the Pioneers, he took time to write words of encourage- ment, advice, and affection to those whom he left behind.

The letters published in this ar- ticle were written to his wife, Har- riet Cook. No dissertation on Brig- ham Young's love of family can equal in eloquence his own words incorporated in these letters.

Richardson's Point Camp of Israel March 15/46 55 miles from Nauvoo

Sister Harriet Cook, my dear wife. I address a few lines to you by Brother Joseph B. Noble who is going to return home immediately after his family. I have written to a number of the friends since I left. I expected to have returned to Nauvoo, but it looks so much like a prison to me that I think I shall go farther west instead of going east at present. Brother J. B. Noble will see that you are provided for to come comfortably, and I want you to come with him. I hope Brother Joseph Young will come with him. I expect Brother Ballott will get a good carriage or wagon and team for you and others. Brother Noble will get a good man to drive it. It is likely Brother John Young and Evan Greene, Sister Faney and others of my friends will come at the same time. I want you to see Sister Powers and have her watch her opportunity and take what she can get. Go to the store when Davis and Powers is gone out and trade a few hundred dollars and start with some one that will bring her a peace with speed, and then come with you.

I want you to see Sister Mary and Mar- garet Pearce, Brother Robert Pearce's daughters and see if their father is ( — com- ing— -?) if not get them along with you if you can. Bro. Noble will bring the sister that is there. Sis. Betsy Fairchild wish you could bring. Give my love to them all. 564

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I want to see you and the little boy. Tell Sister Augusta Colle I hope she will be blest. I want (?) see her again but it is a matter of doubt whether I can (?) for sometime. Be cheerful and of good courage Sister Harriet. We shall soon meet again. We feel quite happy here in camp and are bound for the west. Give my love to Brother and Sister Ashly (?) and the chil- dren. I remember their kindness. They shall be blest, for my heart blesses all such; there are so many talking to me I cannot write. May the Lord bless you and all the Saints. I wish you to read this to Sisters Cobb, Powers, & Pearce.

/s/ Brigham Young.

Mrs. Harriett Cook Chariton River,

March 25th 1846—100 M. W. Nauvoo

I read your letter to Luca. I was glad

to hear from you. I wish Brother John

and Evan had put two horses before the

carriage and taken you along with them. We all want to see very much. I should come back but feel that it would not be safe for me to come to Nauvoo again very soon.

Kiss the babe for me. The girls talk a great deal about you and wish you with them. They have a tent to themselves. Mary Ann is very kind to them. We have enjoyed ourselves very well on our journey though we had much bad weather. I hope you will overtake us before long. Brother Joseph B. Noble will possibly bring you and I hope Sister Powers. See Sisters Mary and Margaret Pearce if you can see when they are coming. Give my love to them all to Brother and Sister Ashley and the chil- dren. They are a blest family I think. Sister Harriet, bring a few tin plates, cups, and etc. and etc., if you can get them. They will be convenient on the journey. Earthen is not worth much and the girls are thereby scanty for such things. May the Lord bless you and the little boy.

B. Young

Harriet Cook

Camp of Great Council Bluffs June 23d 1846

My dear Harriet, I have just heard you talked of going east. Now I pray you, harken to my counsel and come to the west; if you have no way to come with the Brethren where I have made provision, write to me the first opportunity and I will send a team after you or come myself. Edman might bring you or you can come with Sister Janey.

I cannot have the thought of your going east. You will not enjoy yourself if you go. Come here, your friends are here. We enjoy ourselves first rate. I long to see you safe to camp with your babe. May the Lord bless you and yours. Give my best love to Brother Ashly family and all of my friends. Br. Bickford the bearer of this is now waiting and I must stop writing. Brigham Young.

Mrs Harriet Cook. (Sent to the Era by Edith Young Booth)

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THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, SEPTEMBER, 1942

^CigJtt

By HALLIE GRIGG

VK7HEN Jedediah M. Grant was traveling as a missionary in the Southern States Mission in the early eighteen-forties, he stopped one night at the home of Dr. Anderson Irving Grigg in Surrey County, North Carolina. Cassandra, Anderson's wife, prepared supper and a bed for Elder Grant, but before retiring the family was told many things about the Prophet Joseph Smith and the Book of Mormon. Cassandra and three of her daughters were converted and baptized, but the doctor, busy with his calls, seemed to doubt the fact that miracles were possible in this age.

One evening Elder Grant told the Grigg family about a certain verse in the Book of Mormon which promises that if one asks with a sincere heart, "if these things are not true," the Lord will give the testi- mony of their truthfulness. Dr. Grigg was deeply impressed and began to read the book. After reading it through he pondered in his heart about the things he had read. One night he came to the verse which Elder Grant had once called to his attention. The doctor went to his room, closed the door, knelt down and prayed vocally, asking the Lord to give him a knowledge of the truthfulness of the new book which Elder Grant had left with him. After praying he lay in the darkness of the room in deep thought.

Glancing toward the table on which the Book of Mormon was lying, he saw that the book was lighted up with a brilliant light that shone in the dark room.

The book was ever afterward to him a symbol of light. Anderson Grigg joined the Church and moved with his family to Utah. Today many of his descendants hold the Priesthood and rejoice in the gospel and the light which caused them to partake of its benefits.

Owl fon&titutiotL 9nApVuut

By GEORGE E. GIBBY

"Remove not the ancient landmark, which thy fathers have set."

—Proverbs 22:28

■\17hen twenty-eight years of age, the vv Prophet Joseph Smith made the announcement to the world that our na- tional constitution was divinely in- spired. In all the history of our nation, no more patriotic declaration has ever been uttered, and, to the unbiased stu- dent of history, no historical truth is more firmly established. Many of the fathers, together with Abraham Lin- coln, Daniel Webster, Grover Cleve- land, and other national leaders, ac- knowledge the fact. The care and wis- dom exhibited in framing that great in- strument has no parallel in history. Let us review, in substance, a part of the meager report given of what took place at that historic gathering, which gave to the world the greatest charter of liberty known to mankind.

During the convention, Morris spoke 173 times; Wilson, 168; Madison, 161; Sherman, 138; Mason, 136; Gerry, 119; and Washington, once. The conven- tion lasted four months and four days. The proceedings, with very few excep- tions, were held in strict confidence. Every member agreed he would forever keep silent as to what took place. How- ever, it is known that, during the ses- sion, the forms of government involv- ing twenty-two nations, both ancient and modern, were discussed at some length. The men who took part in the discussions, and later led in laying the foundation of our great nation, must not be confused with the ignorant and unlettered. They were men of experi- ence, dignity, and learning, and there were no factions, stimulated by selfish political ambition, to shift them from their motives, or confuse them in their deliberations.

After several weeks of discussion, when it would seem that the problem was of such magnitude that it extended beyond the powers of reason and de- liberation for solution, the aged veteran, scholar, statesman and philosopher, Benjamin Franklin, who had spent sev- eral years in France in the interest of American Independence, which, inci- dentally, involved his matching wits and wisdom with the greatest minds of Europe, arose, and, during a hushed silence said:

In the beginning of the war with Britain, when we were sensible of danger, we had daily prayers in this room for divine pro- tection. Our prayers, sir, were heard; and they were graciously answered. All of us who were engaged in the struggle must have observed frequent instances of super- intending Providence in our favor. To that kind Providence we owe this happy op- (Concluded on page 597)

565

NEW YORK

@hadlsL ofc. VYhfimjmiiLWL.

(Concluded from the August issue of The Improvement Era.)

AN item in the Prophet says Elder Orson Pratt would address the ■ Saints Sunday at the usual hours at Marion Temperance Hall, 183 Canal. (A century later his great-grandson, Lorus Hand, leads the New York mem- bership in song! )

Then comes a political announce- ment:

JEFFERSONIANS ATTEND! The friends of General Joseph Smith of Nauvoo, Illinois, will meet at the Military Hall on the Bowery on the 11th to select delegates to the great State Convention at Utica, N. Y., 23rd August, and take such other measures as will secure his election to the highest office in the gift of a free and enlightened people to bestow.

By order of the Committee of Arrangements, SAM'L BRANNAN, Sec'y.

At this very time Hiram B. Clawson, of Utica, and later the father of Presi- dent Rudger Clawson, was nineteen years old. (His descendant, Douglas Clawson, is a member of the Queen's Ward, New York Stake. )

Next in the Prophet is a reprint from the Nauvoo Times and Seasons, in- teresting because it shows how closely the New York Branch of 1844 kept in touch with Church headquarters at Nauvoo. It reports:

CONFERENCE MINUTES

Conference met pursuant to appointment on Saturday, the 6th of April, 1844.

Present. President Joseph Smith, Hyrum Smith, Sidney Rigdon, and Wm. Marks.

O/ the Twelve. Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, Willard Richards, Wilford Woodruff, John Taylor, and Geo. A. Smith.

Presidents Joseph and Hyrum Smith came to the stand, and meeting was called to order by Elder Brigham Young.

Prayer was offered by W. W. Phelps. Brother Phelps came from across the river, over at Hanover, New Jersey, and his wife, Sally Waterman Phelps, came from Frank- lin, New York.

Apparently the Prophet Joseph never visited New York City. But in 1 839, when Parley P. Pratt was labor- ing here, the Prophet visited Washing- ton and called on the president and his cabinet. From Washington the Proph- et came to Philadelphia. Elder Pratt and the brethren met with him in Phila- delphia, where a large church was made available to them, and Joseph spoke to three thousand people.

The Prophet of June 22, 1844, states Elder Wm. Smith would preach at New York, and Orson Hyde at the Grove, Jerusalem, South Long Island.

566

The edition of July 20, 1844, is columned in black mourning. Joseph and Hyrum have been martyred. But there is no thought of wavering. No idea of falling by the wayside. The paper staunchly reports conference at Batavia, New York, on July 6, with the noted representation of members: At- tica (12 members), Hume (24), Ba- tavia ( 22 ) , Orangeville ( 7 ) , Caledonia (6), Bennington (6), Weathersfield (2), and Millfort (3). And there ap- pears the announcement:

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints at Philadelphia, hold their meet- ings every Sunday as usual at 3d Street and Willow, over Marshall Institute. Eld. J. M. Grant Presiding.

The "J. M. Grant" was Jedediah Morgan Grant, father of President Heber J. Grant.

At present the buildings at 3rd and Willow appear to be a hundred years old. The keeper of a Hungarian sta- tionery store on the corner located what he believes is the old Marshall Institute, based on the hearsay of an old Irish carpenter who lived in the neighborhood for many years.

Incidentally, a tract issued by Parley P. Pratt in Washington in 1840, says headquarters there are at 9th and D streets.

You're still cogitating about a means of springing your plan to Brother Utah, when a sure-fire solution to the problem pops into your head. Brother Utah has a stout 1938 Ford that can travel fast, and the sight of smooth 5th Ave- nue, as the two of you take a restful walk around the library halls, makes Brother Utah recount memories of how fast he's made the trip from Logan in the north to St. George in the south of Utah.

In Utah, yes, you tell him with mock scorn, but he wouldn't do so well be- tween New York City and Palmyra. It's about the same distance as from Logan to St. George, a shade over three hundred miles. There's a quick trip for a man! Go up New York's west side highway, cross Hudson River at 177th Street via George Washington Bridge, into New Jersey a short spell, then back into New York State! Move along Highway 17 to Liberty — five miles from the little village of Never- sink, where lived Thalia Howard, mother of President Jedediah M. Grant. Continue on Highway 17 something over one hundred fifty miles from New York to little Windsor in Broome County, birthplace of Brother J. M. Grant and his brother George Davis Grant, for whom Grantsville, Utah,

By CYRIL D. PEARSON

New York Stake Work Director

was named. Turn left at Windsor on 79 seven or eight miles down to the site of Harmony, over the Pennsylvania line. Or turn north on 79 a few miles up to the Colesville section. All the time you're on 79 you'll be on the Susquehanna, the river of the youthful Prophet.

You cast a glance at Brother Utah and see a glint in his eyes.

"Stop, New York," he commands, "don't you spoil it for a fellow about to see the show! When do we start?"

In the afternoon, you tell him, and you'll buy the gas. But first you must finish the editions of the Prophet.

The Saturday, July 27th, issue, still in mourning, says Elders Wilford Woodruff, Orson Hyde, and Orson Pratt have gone to Buffalo on their way to Nauvoo.

The August 3rd number is no longer in mourning. It carries the names S. Brannan, publisher, and Wm. Smith, editor. Alas for poor Sam Brannan and erring Wm. Smith. When Parley P. Pratt arrived in New York in De- cember, 1844, he learned that William Smith, brother of the Prophet, and a member of the Twelve, was causing dissension in the New York branches. Both Brannan and Smith were calling Brigham Young a usurper. Parley's task was to shepherd the Saints back into the fold, and he did. Wm. Smith was disfellowshipped, but Brannan re- pented, went to Nauvoo, and was for- given. He returned to New York as right hand man to Elder Pratt. Wil- liam Smith was brought to trial before the Church at Nauvoo in August 1845, and cut off. Parley was present at the trial, but remembering his former as- sociate's conduct in New York, re- fused to uphold him. Parley said later that he rued the day he took back Sam Brannan as a brother. In '46 Brannan took the ship Brooklyn loaded with eastern Saints to California, defied the Church authorities, became a million- aire, and died an outcast in poverty. Incidentally on the voyage around Cape Horn he took with him the printing press from the Prophet.

The May 17, 1845, issue contains a notice by E. T. Benson, presiding

elder, that the Saints held meetings in Boston at Suffolk Hall, opposite Boyl- ston Market. Elder Benson is the ancestor of President E. T. Benson of the Washington, D. C, Stake, and of Sister Louise Benson Greenwood of New York.

All too soon it's twelve o'clock — ■\* then one — and off you go with Brother Utah on the trip. You're full of early Mormon lore. You have an automobile road map on which you've indicated the still existing towns in New York state whence came Utah pioneers and early members. Two of a city and one of a family! New York villages are still filled with flesh-and- blood fifth and sixth cousins of their Utah relatives, and some of their names are still in the phone directories.

From New York City came Joshua Parker, Luther Tuttle of Manti, Joseph Holbrook of Bountiful, and Henry Van Tassell. Joshua Parker had his cabinet shop at 266 Hudson Street, old num- bering, and his residence was close by at 29 Charlton Street. At the address on Hudson Street is now built a magnifi- cent new structure — but the Charlton Street home is still extant. The present owner says the property was part of a real estate development backed by Aaron Burr. Joshua Parker's shop and home were a stone's throw from the Marion Temperance Hall at 183 Canal Street, where the L. D. S. services were held. One can speculate that Brother Parker heard the gospel because of the proximity of his location to Church headquarters.

Brother Paul Summerhays formerly of New York is Joshua Parker's great- grandson, and Sisters Vera Holbrook Hales and Mary Holbrook Knecht are Joseph Holbrook's descendants.

Orson Pratt, scientist and mathema- tician, was born at Hartford in Wash- ington County, fifty miles northeast of Schenectady — home of General Elec- tric and modern mathematical wizards.

And William Felshaw was from Granville — seven or eight miles from Orson's birthplace. Brother Felshaw worked on the Kirtland, Nauvoo, and Salt Lake temples, and was mayor of Fillmore, Millard County. Incidentally, Millard Fillmore, president of the United States, was of the same genera-

10.

n.

12

Main Street of Windsor, New York, birthplace of President Jedediah M. Grant, and his brother, George David Grant, for whom Grantsville, Utah, is named.

In this house at South Bainhridge (now Afton) in 1S27, Joseph Smith and Emma Hale were married by Squire Tarbill.

In this house in Colesvi I le section were held gatherings and meetings. Later it was a tavern. Elders Curtis (a descendant of Brigham Young) and Skidmore of Susquehanna District in front.

13. Walter M. Soper (left to right), whose family has been members of the Church at Ocean- side for a century; Franklin H., Alice, and Roscoe, descendants of Thomas Grover, born at Whitehall, New York, later of Bountiful, Utah.

14. Old Marshall Institute on 3rd Street, near Wil- low, Philadelphia, where Elder J. M. Grant presided in 1844. Brother and Sister A. C. Pearson, formerly of Brigham City, are stand- ing by.

15. Main Street of South Bainbridge (now Afton) where Joseph was brought for trial charged with putting Colesville into an uproar.

tion as these early Mormon New York- ers.

Fifteen miles north of Orson Pratt's birthplace is Whitehall, birthplace of Thomas Grover, bodyguard to the Prophet. His great-grandson, Roscoe Grover, now lives in New York.

At Potsdam, near the Canadian border, was born the early leader, George Albert Smith, grandfather of Elder George Albert Smith of the Council of the Twelve.

George W. Clyde, who settled at Heber, and William M., his brother of Alpine, both came from Ogdensburg on the St. Lawrence.

And from Hamilton, where Colgate University was founded in 1819, came Betsy, Joseph, and Nymphus Murdock, ancestors of Sister Lorena Chipman Fletcher, wife of New York Stake President Harvey Fletcher. Too, Al- phonso Green of Brookfield, N. Y., and American Fork is her ancestor.

At Watertown is the birthplace of Dimick P. Huntington, well known Church musician who settled in Provo. The Huntingtons are still in the Water- town telephone book.

John E. Page and Daniel H. Wells, counselor to President Young, both hailed from little Trenton in Oneida County. President Wells is the ances- tor of Louisa Wells Luke of New York Stake, as well as of George, Joseph B., Melvin and Phyllis Wells. And from South Fremont in the same county about the same time came George Washington Brimhall, father of the il- lustrious George H., late president of Brigham Young University. Sina Brim- hall Stevenson, wife of Dr. Gordon Stevenson, of New York Stake, is his great-granddaughter.

The parents of Philander Colton came from Scipio in Cayuga County. Philander, the grandfather of Don B. Colton, was born in 1811, at Clarence Hollow, N. Y. He was a member of Company "B" of the Mormon Bat- talion.

Howard Coray, friend of Joseph and Hyrum, and who wrote Joseph's his- tory, was from New York state, and died in Salt Lake in 1908— age ninety- one. He was a living link between the early New York generation and ours.

Also, there's Benjamin Covey of Duchess County (the home county of President Franklin D. Roosevelt), later bishop of the Salt Lake Twelfth Ward. And John Anthony Woolf, Sr., of Hyde Park, Utah, born in West- chester County, and president of the New Rochelle Branch in 1842. Also John Anthony Woolf, Jr., born in 1843 at Pelham just outside New York City. Today the great-grandson of John Anthony, Sr., is President William Woolf, first counselor in the New York Stake presidency.

John Van Cott, born in 1814 at Canaan in Columbia ' County, some twenty-five miles southeast of Albany, arrived in Utah in '47.

(Continued on page 581)

567

CHANGING THOUGHT

By

Dr. AMOS N. MERRILL

of Brigham Young University

ALTON D. MERRILL

Principal, North Emery Seminary

The Book of Mormon was pub- lished in the year 1 830. Since that time, volumes have been written concerning it and many dis- courses have been published, the au- thors of which have either con- demned or defended it. It would seem that almost every phase of Book of Mormon controversy should have been elaborated in the mean- time, in great detail.

Since its publication, the whole trend of human events has been greatly influenced by the discoveries of science and the dominance of new philosophies. Scholars, speakers and writers — even the so called common people — are not thinking today as they did at the time the Book of Mormon was published.

The desire to ascertain the changes which have taken place in emphasis or in the presentation of new ideas as found in the published discourses of the speakers and writers who have dealt with the Book of Mormon impelled a study of this problem.

In pursuing this study, the authors divided the time element, that is, the time that has elapsed since the Book of Mormon was published, into two periods, namely, from the year 1830 to 1855, and from 1915 to 1940. In all, 1950 articles were examined.

For data concerning the first pe- riod, all of the available copies of the following publications were exam- ined:

The Deseret News, Evening and Morning Star, The Millennial Star, Nauvoo Expositor, The Seer, and Times and Seasons.

Data for the second period were gathered from the following publica- tions :

Conference Report, The Deseret News, The Millennial Star.

Although the sources of reference were fewer for the second period than for the first, much more data were obtained from the sources of the latter period than from the first.

Other publications in both periods were examined, but since these re- veal nothing of importance that was new, it was felt that an adequate 568

jWL ifuL (Book d(L TyhfwwfL

amount of data to justify conclusions concerning this problem was found in the publications examined. After examining many articles from both periods, it was observed that thirty- seven topics had engaged the think- ing of the authors. When new topics appeared in subsequent articles, these also were listed in their alpha- betical order and formed a part of the permanent list. The number of times each topic was discussed, or even mentioned, was recorded on a table, the data from which formed the basis for the conclusions arrived at.

The thirty-seven topics were as follows :

Animals

Anthropology

Archeology

As a history

Authorship

Biblical corroboration

Braille

Content

Copied from other sources

Copyright

Doctrine

Distribution

Divine authority

Evidences of truthfulness from literature

Geography

Mere mention

Miscellaneous criticism

Origin

Origin of nickname

Personalities of

Pictorial illustrations

Plates

Printing

Prophecies

Publications

Purposes served

Reference to discourses concerning

Sale of

Study of

Style

Teaching

Testimony and reference to witnesses

Testimony concerning

Tradition

Translation

Truthfulness revealed

Writing about

H>

rAviNG thus tabulated all the data from the 1 ,950 articles and hav- ing evaluated the articles as to length and significance, the following con- clusions seemed to be justified:

1. The speakers and writers of both pe- riods emphasized the materials found in the Book of Mormon as a source of doctrine.

2. The content phase, including story and events, made a large appeal to the writers and speakers of both periods. This was especially noticeable during the latter pe- riod.

3. There is a tendency to engage in more thorough and meaningful discussions about the Book of Mormon in the latter period than in the former, but in both periods there is a tendency on the part of many speakers and writers merely to mention the Book of Mormon without entering into the meaning- ful discussion.

4. In both periods the writers and speak- ers dealing with the Book of Mormon were concerned mainly with relatively few topics. Their treatment of these topics revealed a marked similarity.

5. The writers and speakers did not make as frequent reference to the prophecies of the Book of Mormon in the latter period as during the former period.

6. The facts concerning the archeological remains as collateral evidence of the truth- fulness of the Book of Mormon engaged the attention of the writers and speakers less during the second period than during the first.

7. Speakers and writers gave but little attention to the importance of a study of the Book of Mormon.

8. Judging from the number of references to such topics as animals mentioned in the Book of Mormon, anthropology, author- ship, Braille, copied from other sources, copyright, evidence of truthfulness from lit- erature, geography, miscellaneous criticism and tradition, were of very minor impor- tance. All save one of these, namely miscel- laneous criticism, were included only in the latter period.

9. The style in which the Book of Mor- mon was written engaged the attention of the speakers and writers in both periods. More attention, however, was given to the topic during the first period than during the second period.

10. Judging from the frequency of refer- ence in the literature, the sale and distribu- tion of the Book of Mormon did not receive major emphasis, especially in the first pe- riod. In the second period, however, espe- cially in those sources published in the mis- sion fields, both of these topics received considerable emphasis.

SAMPLER pwm.ihjL fia&t

By ARTHUR M. RICHARDSON

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,N the age of sanctimony and order, before this troubling uni- verse was filled with modern dis- tractions of time and talent, the sampler flourished. A sampler is a strip or square of linen or canvas recording specimen stitches and pat- terns. An ancient honorable and most interesting history records their development from instructors to mu- seum pieces. Chaucer, Shelton, and Shakespeare refer to the practice of making them.

During the earlier stages of its history the sampler was worked by adults as well as by children and it is only later that this exploitation of youthful industry became univer- sal among the instructors of children. Then for many years samplers were worked by every young girl of aris- tocratic and well-to-do families. It had the advantage of giving the child skill as she worked it and of serving as a guide and source of ref- erence all the rest of her life. How- ever, as the world began to move more rapidly, the sampler, about the middle of the nineteenth century, ceased to become a part of education.

Finally its prominence is again acknowledged, although in a differ- ent way. Samplers appealed to the fancy of the collector. Some very fine collections have been assembled. An individual who owns one looks upon it as a real prize.

It is with the 1 7th century that the history of the sampler in England really begins. As New Englanders were largely of northern European and English ancestry it is easy to trace the custom from the Old World to the New.

One of the earliest of all known samplers and the earliest New World piece is in this country in the possession of the Essex Institute in Salem, Massachusetts, and was worked by the first wife of Governor Endicott. She came to Salem in 1628 and died in 1629, so undoubt- edly the sampler was worked in her girlhood in England. The upper part consists of the alphabet and the lower part of examples of needle work.

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For this period the most familiar type is long and narrow in shape decorated with regular bands of em- broidery and cut-and-drawn work. The designs were worked on bleached or unbleached linen with white or colored silks and sometimes metal threads. They went through the usual developments from the simple piece to that having many complicated designs to illustrate the different kinds of stitches.

HpHE eighteenth century saw a change in the style of samplers. The plain square variety gradually superseded other shapes. Linen was still the chief substance employed. It is during this century that the dec- oration of the sampler became a much more elaborate affair. Letters, as such, ceased to be used primarily as markings.

In the nineteenth century a marked deterioration of ideas set in. Designs became stereotyped and stiff. The cross-stitch was used practically to the exclusion of other stitches and came to be known as the sampler stitch. The sampler died out about 1850.

The sampler here pictured is in- teresting for many reasons. It shows the influence of several earlier stages of development. The needle work is in cross-stitch and star stitch or, as it was called, the mill-flower. The interest is in the lettering while the decoration consists of the seam- stress's family. In this recording of dates the worker's birthdate is men- tioned and on the bottom of the sam- pler the date 1820, which

is when she finished. It determines her age at that time as eleven years and the age of the sampler as one

ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-TWO-YEAR- OLD SAMPLER OWNED BY MRS. GEORGE A. RICHARDSON OF LYNN, MASSACHU- SETTS.

hundred twenty-two years. Two colors of silk were used, black and old blue on a piece of unbleached linen.

As this sampler shows, of course, the embroiderer was seldom the de- signer of the decoration upon which her fingers worked. The sampler was therefore a kind of notebook exhibiting various suggestions for needlework.

In this case, however, this fact proves of value. Eleven-year-old Sally Richardson no doubt worked out a design prepared by her mother, or at least was undoubtedly helped and instructed by her in the comple- tion of the work. Then, too, the time it would take for an eleven-year- old girl to complete the work and the family interest that would therein be aroused would almost preclude the possibility of an error in name and dates being made. Should such a thing have occurred it would no doubt have been corrected by any one of a number of interested parties.

This sampler is also priceless. To date, there has been no other place where this family record could be located. Neither the printed gene- alogies nor the records of the state of Maine have revealed it.

""Phe author of this article recently made a trip to Massachusetts. While there a first cousin once re- moved having a common interest in genealogy and of the work that had been done on their line with its at- (Concluded on page 579)

569

UNDEFEATED

By Anne Pendleton

The way has been long — Searching vainly for song To cheer my faint heart in its sorrow. I seem quite without grace With courage to face That road which leads on to the morrow. The years yield but pain, Grim worlds war again, On the same crimson-matted sod; Yet may yesterday's grief But strengthen belief In the justice and mercy of God!

COPPER TOWN By Helen Beckstead

THE camp sprawls out upon the mountain sides. Unpainted houses, leaking winds and rains, Impartially, sag loosely on their wide Foundation stones. The honk of ore trains In the open copper pit, the high shrill hoot Of large-mouth shovels biting chunks of ore To fill the waiting cars — these sounds don't

suit Such peace-filled hills where canyon wrens

pour Dawn songs through the wind and yuccas

lift Their white bells cloudward in the morning

air.

For what have thick grey tailings, sending

rifts Of odors from the mill, to do with fair Spring hills? And what care stinging

sulphur fumes For the frail complexions of cholla cactus

blooms?

HARVEST QUATRAIN By Helen Mating

THE clatter of the harvester, The clicking of its knives — And sacks of grain lie in the fields Like drones pushed from the hives.

BEAUTY ROUND THE HOME PLACE By Julia W. Wolfe

There is beauty in the making Of brown bread from bronzed sheaves; In the culling of a cabbage With rain diamonds on its leaves.

There is beauty in the cattle As they cross the cobbled square To the shadowed barn for milking Where two brown owls sit and stare.

There is beauty in the finding Of an ivory egg, nest-warm; In a shy colt's sudden whinny; In the brood mare's patient form.

There is beauty in the home farm, For the tending of the earth And the care of all its creatures Brings a primal peace to earth.

570

A TEACHER PRAYS By Pciscilla Doe Wright

OH Lord, I would teach songs For other lips to sing — I would prolong the music Thou Hast given.

Dear Lord,

I seek Thy voice.

Oh wilt Thou share with me,

And may I learn the lessons first

From Thee?

IDLE WORDS By Helen Miller Lehman

GOSSIP Is like feathers Scattered beside the road. Retrace your steps to gather them, And they have blown Away.

A LITTLE HOUSE By Rose Ross

I stand before my own white gate And feel a surge of pride — It's good to own a little house In a world unfriendly wide.

A weary job, a long, hard day,

Are lost in this retreat; On coming home my heart grows light

And briskly move my feet.

There is no wonder that a man Will fight for home and love —

It's good to own a little house With quiet stars above.

HARVEST FIELD

By Vesta P. Crawford

IN yellow waves beneath the burnished sky, With rich abundance far across the plain, Metallic in the sun, the wheat fields lie Where sheen of beauty gilds the beaded

grain. Alone I stand in contemplative mood Before these acres meshed in shining gold, Searching for words to voice a gratitude Beyond the power of the heart to hold. Now let us build a granary for peace That ever in earth's wide and waiting field The wheat again may ripen and release The world from hunger with its ample yield; Oh soon let a millennium be made That men may reap the harvest, unafraid!

CONQUEST

By Ruth Marfarlane

CHARMED by the fury of the storm, I clung today atop a jutting precipice And watched the breakers on the rocks

below. Mad, lashing waves they were That spent themselves in spray, and left The stolid stone a-glisten, but unmoved.

Above, a sea gull poised against the gale To all appearances at rest, And still I knew in pinion and in wing Great force and strength maintained. And now I come to you, to find you here,

content Against this other storm, Serene, secure; For deep within your heart the peace of

God abides, Achieved through former grim adversities.

MARGARET By Claire Noall

To her whose torch lit the flame of my lamp. What matter that it went quickly by! The lamp burned on with brighter fire Because her word Had quickened it.

No loss, but gain in some mysterious way Comes through the hour of pain And leaves the memory Alive with lambent

Gilded edge of thought Whose center Does not die.

THE STAY-AT-HOMES By Bianca Bradbury

WE sit upon a harbor dock, Together, you and I. And down the happy years we watch The ships go sailing by.

But ours is moored beneath our feet And rocking peacefully. It holds so big and brave a dream, It never put to sea!

THREE GIFTS OF FAITH By Gladys B. Kennard

There is a faith man may acquire By which he gains three things, And gaining them, he reaches higher Than any earthly kings:

The truths of wisdom from the past

Faith teaches us to hear;

While visions of the future can,

Through faith, his path make clear;

And last, in faith he learns to walk

The present without fear. Such faith our leaders all possess:— A guide to all the joy they've known. So we, to have true happiness, Need but to make such faith our own.

(The thought for this was taken from a statement by Brother Widtsoe in the M Men-Gleaner M. I. A. lessons, on his faith.)

HifBooETIacfi

CHILDREN'S STORY WRITERS —ATTENTION

THIRTY dollars will be awarded the best children's story submitted before October 1, 1942, to The Chil- dren s Friend, 39 Bishop's Building, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Only one story of no more than three thousand words may be sub- mitted by any contestant, whose real name must not appear on the manu- script, which should carry a pen name. Attached to the manuscript should be a sealed envelope with the pen name on the outside; on the inside should be a slip of paper carrying the real name and the address of the author.

The story should be typewritten or written legibly on one side of the paper, and a statement accompany- ing the story should certify that the story is the contestant's original work; that it has never been pub- lished; that it is not now in the hands of any editor or other person with a view to publication; that it will neither be published nor sub- mitted for publication until the con- test is decided.

IN THE GOSPEL NET

(John A. Widtsoe. Illustrated. Stevens and Wallis, Salt Lake City. 1942. 141 pages. $1.25.)

Poignantly moving, deeply satisfying, is this story of a woman's search for truth and adherence to it after it was found. To those of us of today, softened by easy living, such adherence which impelled her to leave country, people, friends would seem to be the hardest of sacrifices. To her it was the only logical action, having accepted the gospel. A strange land, a strange language, a strange manner of living, all could be faced joyously in the sure knowledge that she had of the truth of the religion she had accepted. No hardship could be too great; no poverty too severe but what she could endure if only her two beloved sons might have their opportunity in the Church with which she was affiliated.

To our Church membership, made up of the converts from many lands, this book will come as a peculiar testament, reviving the great stories of their ancestors, who likewise "gathered'' to Zion that they might enjoy the blessings of the restored gospel.

This book was first issued privately by Dr. Widtsoe and distributed to his family and close friends. At the insistence of those who read it, he consented to have it republished. It is now available in a de luxe gift edition at a reasonable price. No Lat- ter-day Saint can afford to miss the ex- perience of reading In the Gospel Net by Dr. John A. Widtsoe.— M. C. ].

GOD IS MY FUEHRER

(Pastor Martin Niemoeller. Philosophical Library & Alliance Book Corporation, New York. 1941. 294 pages. $2.75.)

This volume is a translation of the last twenty-eight sermons of Pastor Martin Niemoeller, vicar of Berlin-Dahlem, which sermons were delivered from October 25,

1 936, to June 27, 1 937 — after which he was tried by a National Socialist People's Tribunal, and by that court set free — but no more did he enjoy that freedom, for, as recorded by Thomas Mann, "the gestapo arrested him again at the back door of the courthouse and he was taken to a concen- tration camp by special personal order of the fuehrer." Niemoeller was a naval of- ficer before he was called to the pulpit. His loyalty to Germany would seem to be above question — but he made the mistake of repeatedly declaring his obligation to God and his people and his conscience

rather than accept the "new gods" and the "new order where matters of conscience were concerned." He knew that the secret police were attending his services. He re- ferred to their presence in his sermons. That his friends had repeatedly warned him of the consequences of this course is evident from his utterance made in his next to last sermon:

"Brothers and sisters ... it has come to this; we are being accosted on all sides, by statesmen as well as by the man in the street,' who tell us: Do not speak so loudly or you will land in {Continued on p. 580)

NOW READY!

M.I.A. Reading Course Books

Executive In The Gospel Net. $1.25

by John A. Widtsoe

Special Interest Gospel Standards 2.25

by President Heber J. Grant M Men — Gleaners

(Joint) I Dare You ...... 1.25

by William H. Danforth

M Men Missionary Experiences 1.00

Edited by Preston Nibley

Gleaners ..Elizabeth, England's Modern Queen . 2.00

by- Cornelia Spencer

Explorers Missionary Experiences 1.00

Edited by Preston Nibley

Junior Girls Maud .: 1.49

Edited by Richard Lee Strout

Scouts Lincoln 1.00

by Lucy Foster Madison

Bee-Hive Girls Clara Barton 1.50

by Mildred Mastin Pace

These prices are cash with the order. If sent C. O. D. or charged, postage will be added. In Utah add 2 percent for sales tax. Below is an order form

for your convenience.

DESEHET BOOK COMPANY

44 East South Temple, Salt Lake City, Utah

Gentlemen:

I enclose $ for -which send me the Books checked.

Yours truly,

Give full P. O. Address

571

OUR GREATEST

MENACE ,n_this w A R

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D

RINK AND THE FALL OF NATIONS IS HIS- TORY'S LESSON FOR AMERICA.

By CHARLES S. LONGACRE

Secretary, American Temperance Society

{Reprinted by permission from "Signs o} the Times")

T

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here never has been a greater menace to civilization and the cause of righteousness than the slavery and wretchedness imposed upon humanity by the liquor traffic. There never has been a land nor an age in which people have not felt the merciless grip of its fetters. It has broken more homes, saddened more

victorious Persian in complete pos- session of the city."1

Alexander the Great and his Macedonian soldiers were at first in- vincible. But after Alexander had

hearts, impoverished more families conquered the world, he was himself

provoked more quarrels, fostered conquered by the wine cup. He

more fights, wrecked more lives, abandoned himself to drink. At the

blasted more hopes and reputations, age 0f thirty-two he was master of

committed more crimes, lost more the world, but a slave to alcohol. A

wars, and ruined more nations than few months after he had reached the any other evil agency in this world.

An eminent statesman aptly summed up the evil effects of the liquor traffic when he said, "It is the sum of all villainies, the father of all crime, the mother of all abomina- tions, the curse of all curses, the devil's best friend and God's worst enemy."

History testifies that drink has been one of the chief causes of the downfall of nations.

Everybody knows how Babylon was overthrown — how Belshazzar

dissipation, that the people were no longer capable of any heroic indigna- tion on account of the vices of their sovereigns."3

The Western Empire of Rome was overthrown at the hands of the barbarians of the north because the Romans had become so debauched through intoxication and profligacy that they were incapable of defend- ing themselves. They cared for peak .of his conquests, he was invited nought save pleasure and drink, to a bacchanalian carousal There, "The colossal fabric planted of old says Plutarch, he drank all that time b the patrician fatherS) night and the next day, till at last strengthened and made great amid

SS. j. i i CTmg Up°n him' the bloody struggles of the Republic,

Thus died the mighty conqueror in transformed by the genius of Julius

a drunken debauch. C3tsar> and disgraced and degraded

'"Fhe Romans made themselves mas- by the licentiousness of the later em-

ters of the world through ab- perors, fell prostrate in the dust and

stemious habits, industry, and so- expired."*

briety. Both Julius and Augustus On Christmas night, 1776, Gen- Caesar led a comparatively simple eral Washington, knowing that Col-

life. Their "banquets" and "tables were never the scene of boisterous

made a great feast to a thousand of revelry and drunkenness."2 How- his lords, "and drank wine before the ever, most of the succeeding Roman

onel Rahl and his mercenary Hes- sian soldiers would, as customary, give themselves over to feasting and drunkenness in their barracks at

thousand ; how they drank wine, emperors were given to gluttony Trenton and so be off guard in the

and praised the gods of gold, and of and drunkenness," and the last three

silver, of brass, of iron, of wood, and hundred years of the Roman Em-

of stone"; and how that very night pire were devoted to "frivolity, pleas-

Belshazzar the king of the Chal- ure, and dissipation." Of the closing

deans was slain, "and Darius the days of the Empire, the historian

Median took the kingdom." That night of revelry and debauchery in Babylon "was the night of doom. . . . The drunken Babylonians fled in all directions. . . . The dawn found the 572

says: 'Rome was now effeminated and debauched. . . . And so high had risen the vices of corruption and

1John C. Ridpath, History of the World, chapter 25. Hbid.. chapter 62.

early hours of the morning, decided to make his attack with a handful of American soldiers, and won a his- toric victory for the cause of free- dom.

The battle of Waterloo on June

18, 1815, was lost by Napoleon be-

(Concluded on page 588)

slbid. *lbid.

chapter 64. chapter 66.

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Ol

oves

New Expiration Date On Temple Recommends

""Temple recommends issued to cover the period from January 1 to June 30, 1942, will be extended to run through September 30, 1942, it was an- nounced by the First Presidency on July 2.

All recommends thereafter will ex- pire on March 31, or September 30. This action has been taken to relieve bishops and branch presidents of the burden of having to issue temple rec- ommends on the first of the year when tithing and other records must be closed.

M. I. A. Assembly Program is Changed

A change in the plan for the holding *"* of the M. I. A. assembly services on Tuesday evenings is announced by the general boards as follows:

. . . We are recommending that this [assembly] period occur during the last half hour of the evening session, from 8:30 to 9:00 p. m. rather than from 7:40 to 8:10 p. m. as heretofore.

After the opening exercises all depart- ments will go to their several classrooms for manual work, continuing until 8:25. On the first and third Tuesdays of each month they will reassemble at 8:30 for a program similar to those heretofore furnished.

On the second Tuesday they will remain in their classrooms for recreational activities pertaining to their own groups; these will be outlined in each department manual.

On the fourth Tuesday all groups will reassemble at 8:30 for a social hour con- sisting of dancing, games, or other features. On this evening the sessions may continue until 9:30.

Authorities Note Birthdates

Tfwo members of the First Presidency of the Church will mark the dates of their birth during the month of Sep- tember, and The Improvement Eva wishes them many happy returns of the day.

President J. Reuben Clark, Jr., will celebrate his seventy-first birthday on September 1. Formerly United States Ambassador to Mexico, and one-time Under-Secretary of State, he was sus- tained as second counselor in the First Presidency, April 6, 1933. Eighteen months later, in October, 1934, he was ordained an apostle and became the first counselor in the First Presidency.

President David O. McKay will note his sixty-ninth birthday on September

8. He was ordained an apostle April

9, 1906, and became the second coun- selor in the First Presidency in October, 1934. He is a former general superin- tendent of the Deseret Sunday School Union.

Tabernacle Choir Begins Fourteenth Radio Year

HPhe weekly nationwide broadcast of

the Tabernacle Choir and Organ

began its fourteenth year on the air

CAUTION AGAINST UNNEC- ESSARY REQUESTS FOR BIRTH CERTIFICATES

Because the applicants for defense jobs and for military appoint- ments are in most cases required to secure certificates of birth, the office of the Church Historian has for many months been burdened with an over- whelming number of requests for birth certificates. Because of this un- precedented demand, and because of the limited help available for this pur- pose, members of the Church are therefore asked not to request birth certificates from the Historian's Of- fice except in case of urgent neces- sity.

with the presentation of its six hundred seventy-ninth program, July 1 9, accord- ing to Elder Richard L. Evans of the First Council of the Seventy, who for all but the first ten months of the broadcast's existence, has been pro- ducer-announcer of the famed program. The choir, older than the present tabernacle, has been broadcasting over national radio chains since 1929.

New Mexican Mission President Called

"Dishop Arwell Lee Pierce of the El ■*-' Paso (Texas) Ward, Mount Gra- ham Stake, and his wife, Mary D. Pierce, were set apart August 13, by the First Presidency to preside over the Mexican Mission of the Church with headquarters in Mexico City.

They succeed President and Mrs. A. Lorenzo Anderson.

President Pierce was born in Glen- wood, Sevier County, but at eight years of age was taken to Mexico where his family were called to col- onize.

He served as a missionary in the Mexican Mission from 1904 to 1906.

He made his home in El Paso from 1912 to the present time, and organized

the first Sunday School of the Church in that city. He was a member of the first branch presidency there, and later was made branch president.

For a brief time he was a member of the Juarez Stake Presidency. When the EI Paso Ward was created in 1918, he was selected as the first bishop, a posi- tion he held until he was called to the presidency of the Mexican Mission.

President Pierce is acquainted with many of the leading officials of Mexico as well as the mission and many of its members.

"In The Gospel Net" Comes From The Press

HThe first copies of In The Gospel Net ■*■ a 141-page book by Dr. John A. Widtsoe of the Council of the Twelve, came from the press July 23. The Im- provement Era is the publisher of this story, which was first published private- ly by Dr. Widtsoe for circulation among his friends and family, but which was later adopted as an M. I. A. read- ing course for the year 1942-43, and republished for general distribution.

Primary Issues

New Lesson Material

"M[ew lesson bulletins, classbooks, logs, * ™ class designations, and a new pro- ject will be used by one hundred thirty thousand Primary Association officers, teachers, and members in the 1942-43 season, beginning in September.

Instead of the first class being de- signated as the Beginners, it is now to be known as Group One and includes children four and five years of age. The next class, Group Two, includes chil- dren six years of age. The Zion's Boys and Girls, which formerly was a one year group, is now to be for two years. The nine, ten, and eleven-year-old boys and girls will continue to be Trail Builders and Home Builders, with three year lesson courses planned for each group.

The new project of the Primary As-

A. LORENZO ANDERSON

ARWELL LEE PIERCE

573

THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, SEPTEMBER, 1942

sociation is "I will not talk in Church. I will go to Sacrament meetings." The theme of all lessons will be the Articles of Faith.

Sunday School Urges Building Ward Libraries

T^HE general board of the Sunday A School has recently advised that each ward create a library where the standard works of the Church, other Church books, pictures, and maps to aid in the preparation and presentation of lessons may be kept for the use of the ward. The library committee of the general board has prepared a brochure listing enrichment books, maps, and charts, for each course in each depart- ment. Copies of this pamphlet may be obtained without cost at the offices of the Deseret Sunday School Union, 50 North Main Street, Salt Lake City.

Dr. Asper Plays In Mexico City

]~)R- Frank W. Asper, organist at the Salt Lake Tabernacle, gave a series of five concerts, three at the famed Metropolitan Cathedral, in Mexico City, during the month of August, spon- sored by the Sociedad de Musica de Camara.

He also gave recitals at the famous church, Our Lady of Guadalupe, and in the cathedral in the city of Guada- lajara.

New Radio Series Begun

A new type of Church radio program, •^ a series of round table discussions, began on KSL on Sunday, July 19, at 9:15 p. m., M. W. T. They take the place of the Fulness of Times, the dramatic historical series that has proved very popular during the fore- going thirty-nine weeks.

American Liberty Ship Christened "Brigham Young"

"Drigham Young, an American Liber- *r? ty ship slid down the ways of the Wilmington, California. August 17, after it had been christened by Mrs. Emma Lucy Gates Bowen, a grand- daughter of President Brigham Young, and wife of Elder Albert E. Bowen of the Council of the Twelve.

Miss Anne Richards, daughter of Elder and Mrs. Preston Richards, and a descendant of the Young family, was the maid of honor at the launching.

This class of Liberty ships is being named after prominent Americans.

Clean-up of Buildings is Requested

"Dishops are requested by the Church beautification committee to begin a thorough check of all Church property, repairing all buildings in need of repair, and turning all excess salvage over to the government.

Ogden Second Ward Unveils Cumorah Mural /^\N June 21 an oil painting of the Hill ^^ Cumorah by J. M. Stewart, Jr., was unveiled in the chapel of the Ogden Second Ward, Weber Stake. The evening sacrament service was built around the history and the coming forth of the Book of Mormon. ( See photo- graph, lower left)

Several of the other wards in Ogden have paintings done by Elder Stewart, who was born in Philadelphia in 1890.

Relief Society Memorial Campanile Plaques Designed

A vard Fairbanks, Utah sculptor, has ^* completed the plaques to be used in the Nauvoo Temple Bell Campanile, to be erected on Temple Square com- memorating the Relief Society centen- nial, which took place last March 17. Coincident with the announcement from Mr. Fairbanks was the decision by the General Authorities that the completion of the campanile will be postponed until the war emergency is passed. This is felt to be in harmony with the government's war program, al- though the project was begun and all materials for the monument were ob- tained before the building restrictions were announced.

War Fails to Stop Old World Missions

PVstrict conferences and other func- tions of the Swedish Mission have been conducted as usual, says the mis- sion historical record for the twelve months ending in April, and received in late July. The annual report was sent

HILL CUMORAH

by Elder C. Fritz Johansson, acting mission president.

R. Simond, district president of the French-Swiss district, with headquar- ters at Neuchatel, reported a success- ful conference held May 3, in Lau- sanne, which was climaxed by a recrea- tional evening attended by more than one hundred persons.

Abraham Hindonian, acting presi- dent of the Palestine- Syrian Mission, reported that members were in good condition, but the shortage of food was growing acute. He made a special plea that the Saints remember the mem- bership of that mission in their prayers.

A similar report has been received from the British Mission, where Elder Andre K. Anastasiou is acting mission president. Details which would be ob- jectionable to the censors had been omitted from all reports.

Canadian Branch Dedicates Chapel

HpHE Hamilton Branch chapel of the Canadian Mission was dedicated June 1 7, by Elder Joseph Fielding Smith of the Council of the Twelve.

Two years ago the property was pur- chased with the idea that the old house would be torn down and a chapel erected. In the spring of 1942, when the plans of the new chapel had been completed and enough money saved to start the building, the Canadian gov- ernment would not issue a priority per- mit for the needed building materials.

It was suggested by one of the mis- sionaries that the old house, standing

BY

J. M.

STEWART,

JR.

CANADIAN MISSION CHAPEL

on the property, be remodeled. This work was begun on March 21. Night and day the members of the branch and the missionaries worked, putting in new windows, plastering, painting, landscap- ing the grounds, scarcely finishing the work in time for the dedication.

The Hamilton Branch is one of the oldest branches in the Canadian Mis- sion. At present it is presided over by Branch President Alva O. Jones and Victor Brown and William Ayers, counselors. — Reported by Elder Floyd Johnson.

T President Cites Trends in Education

rTrOTAL war is compelling major A changes in higher education, Dr. Franklin S. Harris, president of Brig- ham Young University, reported re- cent after returning from California,

574

THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, SEPTEMBER, 1942

where he studied the place of college in the war.

Brigham Young University has been allotted a quota of eight hundred one enlistments in the new reserve officers' program, in which army, navy, marine corps, and coast guard have joined.

Writers Convene On B. Y. U. Campus

Utah has a great past which may yet be a guide to the American future. It is up to Utah writers to make this ideal come true. . . .

The grand adventure of Mormonism needs to be told to relieve the world of illusion.

Co said Dr. Harry A. Overstreet, one of the principal speakers at the sev- enth annual "roundup" of the League of Utah Writers, held in the Joseph Smith Memorial Building on Brigham Young University campus July 11 and 12.

Bishops, Presiding Elders, Appointed

St. Charles Ward, Bear Lake Stake, James N. Transtrum succeeds L. Burdette Pugmire,

Otto Ward, Big Horn Stake, Delbert D. Jones succeeds Albert D. Wardell.

Kanesville Ward, Lake View Stake, Rol- lin P. Green succeeds John D. Pettersen.

East Orange Ward, New York Stake, Oliver Wendell Hyde succeeds Veron Tho- mander.

Bay Ridge Branch, New York Stake, James R. Chamberlain succeeds Robert E. Feinsuer.

Pittsburg Branch, Oakland Stake, J. H. Kirby succeeds Francis Mellor.

Tropic Ward, Panguitch Stake, J. Oral Christensen succeeds Samuel Pollock.

Twenty-fifth Ward, Pioneer Stake, Ed- win Owens succeeds Arthur A. Glaus.

Olympia Ward, Seattle Stake, Vincent Flake succeeds Denzel L. Gifford.

Tacoma Central Ward, Seattle Stake, James N. Milligan succeeds Elvin E. Evans.

Whitewater Ward, Southern Arizona Stake, W. L. Nelson succeeds L. I. Dill- man.

Jackson Ward, Teton Stake, James M. Robertson succeeds Thornton R. Richard- son.

Washington Ward, Washington Stake, Harold G. Clark succeeds Edgar B. Bros- sard.

Vale Ward, Weiser Stake, Francis Nephi Grigg succeeds George W. Palmer.

Nyssa Ward, Weiser Stake, Arval Les- ter Child succeeds Duwayne L. Anderson.

Stakes Receive New Presidencies

President Wayland R. Wightman and counselors George Albert Cheever and S. Roland Lindsay were released from the Nebo Stake presi- dency June 21. George F. Christensen was appointed president with Henry G. Lundell and George I. Spencer as counselors.

President Douglas M. Todd, Jr., and counselors Gilbert R. Pulsipher and Alexander H. Yeates were released June 28, from the presidency of the Denver Stake. Edward E. Drury, Jr., was selected as stake president with

John Henry Vanderburg and Thomas H. Butterfield as counselors.

N. Russel Tanner succeeded Frank C. Simmons as first counselor in the Weber Stake presidency March 22.

Bishop Harris Dies YVTe are informed by the Presiding "" Bishop's office that Bishop Loren- zo M. Harris of the McCammon Ward of the Portneuf (Idaho) Stake, died in June. He had served as bishop for about five years. At this writing his successor has not been appointed.

Those Who Have Passed Away

George C. Riser, ninety-three, second male child born in Salt Lake City, and Indian fighter in the Black Hawk Indian war near Sanpete in 1866, died in Salt Lake City, July 27.

Michael Jensen, ninety-seven, pioneer of 1856, and veteran Indian fighter, died at Gunnison, Utah, July 27.

Bessie Clawson Hughes, sixty-three, a sister of President Rudger Clawson of the Council of the Twelve and a granddaughter of Brigham Young, died July 31, at San Francisco.

William T. Owen, Jr., sixty-seven, former counselor in the Panguitch Stake presidency for nearly twenty years, and former state senator died July 30, in Pan- guitch.

Ward, Branch Changes

'T'he name of the West Compton A Ward, of the Long Beach Stake, was changed on July 2, to the Compton Center Ward.

The San Rafael Independent Branch of the San Francisco Stake was trans- ferred to the Northern California Mis- sion June 7.

Justice Sutherland Dies

/^.eorge Sutherland, only Utahn to ^ serve on the bench of the United States Supreme Court, died in Stock- bridge, Mass., July 18. He was eighty years old.

Justice Sutherland was brought by his parents to Utah from his native England when he was eighteen months old. He attended Brigham Young Academy (now University) at Provo, Utah, and the University of Michigan. He was a member of the Utah State Constitution convention, and later served two terms in the United States Senate. He was appointed to the Su- preme Court by President Harding in 1922, being the first justice of foreign birth to serve since 1794. He retired from the Court in 1 938. Brigham Young University conferred upon him the hon- orary degree of doctor of laws, in 1940. He had received honorary degrees of doctor of laws from Columbia, Michi- gan, and George Washington Universi- ties during his lifetime.

The judicial robe of the late Supreme Court Justice George Sutherland will be presented to Brigham Young Univer- sity, his alma mater. Having understood that the university would like to have a memento of him, he expressed to Mrs. Sutherland some time before his death' his desire to offer the robe. Mrs. Suth- erland has offered it to the university.

Missionaries Released in June, 1942, and Others Not Previously Reported

California: Ronald Edwin Allred, Fair- view, Wyoming; Charles P. Brizzee, Rex-; {Continued on page 586)

"DESERET NEWS TROUBADOURS" MAKE HISTORY

By Harold H. Jenson

[usic has always played an impor- with music has been the work of the

tant part in any activity of the "TNT" Male Chorus which stands for

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day "The News Troubadours," composed

Saints but it is singular for newspaper- entirely of men working for The Des-

men to form a male chorus. Saying it erer News. {Concluded on page 604)

M'

Personnel of "The Deseret News" Troubadours are: Front row, Charles E. Rose, Elwood D. Penrose, Adolph Locher, Don Priestley, conductor, Miss Bessie Murk, accompanist, Robert H. Pattillo, Donald G. Poulton and Bert Campbell; second row, Harold McFarlane, Homer Duncan, Ken Bourne, president, Fred M. Reese, Raymond K. Williams, H. Ralph Rich, Earl Green, Ralph H. Davison, and Leo Young; third row, Bert 0. Glass, Werner H. Rossberg, organist, Charles Q. Hunt, Harold Zink, David C. Carlson, J. Arthur Forslund, LeRoy DeKorver, Alfred C. Swift; fourth row, C. L. Eddy, Walter C. Brey, Levi B. Thorup, E. William Benson, Glen T. McMillan, Harold H. Jenson, Gordon D. Priestley, James R Kennard, Frank Winn, and Alex McMaster. Wilford Craven, assistant conductor, Albert Mackintosh, and Conrad B. Harrison, vice president, were not present when the picture was taken.

575

fcdihfiiaL

"JhsL SihaiMjy* 0$- JhudtPC'

There is an old word that has come again into daily prominence which often implies some deception or artifice, but which does not necessarily carry with it such implication. The word is "strategy."

We hear of the strategy of warfare, the strategy of propaganda, and the strategy of achieving all manner of ends, often by deceptive means. But the most effective strategy is the oldest strategy known to man. It had no beginning and shall have no end. Expressed in one of the coined phrases of the day, it is "the strategy of truth," and there is no other strategy that can long withstand it.

The strategy of falsehood, so widely used in so many places, has one great -weakness, which always causes its downfall, and that fatal weakness is that every falsehood must continually be explained by other falsehoods. If any man or a group of men set about to establish one lie, they must quickly manufacture other lies to support it, and soon the whole fabricated pattern becomes so complicated that discrepancies appear faster than explanations can be made, and the whole business falls with its own weight.

To the persistent question — "What can we be- lieve?" there is only one answer: the only thing that we can believe permanently is truth. For the same reason that our generation cannot follow a man who still proclaims that the world is flat, just so no enlightened generation of people can long believe anything which does not check with all of the other known facts of the day and all of the other known laws and realities of the universe.

Falsehood and error are believed only by the misinformed, and ultimately they, too, will know the truth, and so any man or any generation that wants to protect itself against ultimate breakdown must lay its plans upon the strategy of truth — all of which brings to mind the eloquent utterance from the Psalms: "Let the lying lips be put to silence."

There never was and never will be a man smart enough to support any falsehood permanently, no matter how well conceived his strategy nor how ably he brings other fabrications to its support. The strategy of truth is the only strategy that may be trusted for ultimate results. — R. L. E.

T17ith school bells again summoning young folk within four walls, all of us begin to think seri- ously of the lessoning that we ourselves need during the coming months. We are adjusting to situations which last year seemed unthinkable. Restrictions that a year ago would have been non-acceptable are now being borne.

Even so, our schooling from now on will be more disciplinary. The external equipment for learning will be increasingly lessened. The responsibility for the course of study will devolve more and more on ourselves. We would be wise to investigate the curriculum and analyze ourselves" in relation to it.

Certain qualities of mind and character need to be reemphasized in these days of testing. Among the first of these qualities must be a sense of bal- ance. Sometimes in critical situations, unwise per- sons feel that they may do anything that they "can get by with." Nothing could be farther from the truth. Rather, because serious times confront us, we should consider more minutely and weigh more accurately our every action. Faced with eternity, we dare not quibble over temporal appetites or de- sires. The placing of first things first will solve many of what would otherwise prove discomforts.

In keeping this sense of balance, we shall place the right values on essentials. Family life will as- sume new importance in this emphasis. As mem- bers of family groups, we shall find renewed pleas- ure in those activities and pleasures wherein every member of the family can find joyous participation in a democratic way. As members of communi- ties, we shall find neighborhood pleasures and satis- factions closer at home. In learning to enjoy people near-by, we shall lay foundations which will ul- timately bear fruit in wider neighborliness.

Moreover, in keeping a sense of balance, we shall feel the necessity of developing our minds through a study of worthwhile things. We shall not fly to the movies as a way of escape; we shall choose carefully those pictures which will give us a whole- some point of view. We shall read only those books which will offer constructive ways of life. We shall discriminate in the type of radio program to which we and our families listen. In these ways, and many others which we discover for ourselves, we shall make ourselves more nearly worthy of having been created in the image of our Eternal Father.

We shall also maintain in our days of schooling a saving sense of humor. This is not a brittle, tinny humor, but the solid, deep-toned humor which makes us know that in spite of bad conditions which prevail, right will eventually win its true po- sition. Humor will give us an assurance that justice will ultimately be established among the peoples of the earth.

Most important of all, in the days of our school- ing, we shall put down as the foremost of the lessons to be diligently studied and reviewed that there is an all-wise Father who sorrows in the mistakes of His children and who labors endlessly that they may correct their errors and win for themselves eternal salvation. — M. C. /.

576

Evidences and reconciliations

Scrinhu jcl P&adiarL (p&DpdsL ?

Tn looks, clothes, language, education, business pursuits, and the ordinary social practices, Mor- mons are like other people. When the term "pe- culiar" is applied to us, reference is made to our religious beliefs, and our practices based upon those beliefs — matters which are wholly of a personal nature, but in which we differ from other Christian creeds and churches.

These differences are vital, and cannot be denied. They will make us a peculiar people until the world comes to a unity of faith. We do not flaunt our differences before our friends of other faiths. Neither do we try to hide them. We are proud of them, for they are founded in truth, and truth is our dearest possession. We know, moreover, that if our uniqueness were everywhere followed, peace would again descend upon the earth.

The peculiarities of the Latter-day Saints fall under five main heads:

First. The Church claims without reservation that it was founded by direct revelation from God. The Father and the Son through personal appear- ance to Joseph Smith initiated the work that led to the organization of the Church. By this appearance, God was shown to be in the form of a man who spoke with his own voice to the young Prophet, and instructed him. In an age when most men believe that God is an ethereal essence, bodiless and formless, who long since has ceased to speak to man, this claim of the Church is really its fore- most peculiarity. This difference is emphasized in the further claim that heavenly beings, men who had lived on earth, had died, and then had been resurrected, gave Joseph Smith further instruc- tion and guidance in the work he was called to perform. This intimate connection between the seen and the unseen world is in some respects strange to the Christian world, and makes of us a peculiar people.

Second. A most formidable difference lies in the claim that the Restored Church, patterned pre- cisely after the Primitive Church of Christ, is the one official instrument through which the Lord works out on earth His plan of salvation for the children of men. The mission of the Church of Christ is to establish the kingdom of God on earth. To do this, the necessary power to perform with authority the ordinances of the kingdom is required. This has been given the Church. The Holy Priest- hood has been bestowed upon it by the ancient worthies who held it when the Church was un- defiled. Since apostacy from the Primitive Church has occurred, and all other Christian churches lack the authority of the Priesthood, all who desire to enter the kingdom of God must come within the

confines of the Restored Church of Christ. It is the Lord's authoritative Church. Under such conditions the destiny of the Church is secure. The Lord is always victorious; so will His Church be.

To those of other faiths, these seem daring claims, but only such a faith gives courage and stability to the members of the Church. In the face of such faith fear of the future vanishes, if we but seek earnestly to carry out the purposes of the Lord.

Third. The body of doctrine or beliefs of the Church is a distinguishing difference. The Church is the custodian of the gospel of Jesus Christ — the fulness of it. A principle of truth here, another there, characterizes the Christian churches. The true Church is not content unless it possesses the complete truth of the gospel. It claims to possess all the principles of the plan of salvation. There- fore, it accepts principles rejected or ignored by many or all other churches.

Note some of these beliefs foreign to most modern Christian churches: God is the Father of our spirits. We lived with Him before we came on earth. Un- der His divine plan these pre-existent spirits have been clothed with bodies on earth. He watches over His earthly children; and when occasion arises He may speak to His children through the Holy Spirit, by messengers, or by His very voice. The Church is guided by the Lord through continuous revelation. The God who spoke to His ancient Church has the power to speak and does speak to His authorized servants today. Such old doctrines are new to the churches of today.

The doctrine of graded salvation, based upon our works; eternal progression in the hereafter; and salvation for the dead by the vicarious service of the living are as an unknown language to the churches of today. That the body is a sacred house of the spirit which must be kept free from all con- tamination or that the law of cause and effect is operative in the spiritual world; or that the children of men are literally the children of God and that therefore, mankind forms a real and genuine broth- erhood, does not seem to have dawned upon the minds of today's religious thinkers. Yet these and many other truths, belonging to the complete gospel of Jesus Christ, are really age old. But since they have been rejected or forgotten, they make us who accept them seem different. In such a larger and more complete knowledge we rejoice.

Fourth. Even more peculiar to the thoughtless crowds of the day, is the Mormon insistence that using truth is just as important as knowing truth; that "faith without works is dead." Every act of life should be influenced and directed by the laws of the gospel. The purpose of the plan of salvation should be the purpose, directly or indirectly, of every human undertaking. Life under the gospel can not be placed on one side, and our daily tasks made independent of the gospel on another. The gospel must be lived daily. It must be lived sin- cerely. Obedience to the Lord's law — whatever it may be — daily, steadily, always — is the true measure of success.

Certainly, many Christians try to obey the Lord's law, as they understand it. More do not. Hence, drunkenness, immorality, {Concluded on page 607)

577

CONDUCTED BY MARBA C. JOSEPHSON

WHY MEAT GREASES MUST BE SAVED

You may be able to save the lives of American soldiers, sailors, and marines — by simply saving the kitchen greases that are usually wasted.

Right now, the average American family wastes enough grease in a week to supply the nitroglycerin for a shell that will stop an enemy tank.

Experts say that four-fifths of the fat content of mutton and lamb is now be- ing lost. Three-fifths of the fat of pork, half the fat of beef and veal, one-fourth of the fat of poultry are also wasted. And we can't afford to waste these pre- cious fats. They are too sorely needed.

For, from meat fats we can get gly- cerin— and from glycerin is made nitro- glycerin for the high explosives we and our allies must have.

Salvage experts agree that the quar- ter-pound to half-pound of animal fats that could be collected every week from each American family group would yield a net return from the whole nation of as much as a billion pounds a year. All this is now being wasted. And we cannot afford to waste even one ounce of it — not if we expect to be considered real Americans.

Let's think of that possible recovery of a billion pounds of animal fats that would be wasted in ordinary years. Let's put it in terms of the fighting equipment we must have in this time of national peril. Say those last words again — 'national peril" — and the fig- ures will take on new meaning.

A pound of glycerin is made from ten pounds of the animal fats you save. With this pound of glycerin the ammu- nition plants make nearly two and one- half pounds of nitroglycerin, that de- structive giant that can blast battle- ships from the ocean, tanks from the land and planes from the sky. Those ships and tanks and planes must be stopped or they will take from us the

•

STRAINING FATS INTO CLEAN

TIN FOR STORING IN

REFRIGERATOR.

free American way of life we love. We must save grease.

Every American housewife will ac- cept it as her plain duty to follow the simple rules that will help her country win a war it can't afford to lose.

Collect the greases from cooked meats and gravies and soups — every ounce of it that is not actually eaten. Pour these greases through a cloth- covered sieve into spotlessly clean tin cans or other metal containers (not into glass jars) and store in your re-

frigerator until you have a full pound or more. Sell this grease to your neigh- borhood butcher.

Your butcher, and many thousands of other butchers will pass the collec- tions of greases to the refiners, who in turn will send them to makers of am- munition and other war essentials.

The next time you are tempted to waste an ounce of grease that belongs to our country remember that the com- pass of every navy vessel floats in a bath of glycerin, that the recoil action

"CATCH !T" 46A/N/

578

of every big gun, and the mechanisms that release deadly depth charges can- not operate efficiently without glycer- in. Remember that this same glycerin is used to make explosives for the fight- ing men of all the United Nations.

Remember all these things — and your conscience won't let you waste an ounce of grease.

■ m •

Payment for Handy Hints used will be one dollar upon publication. In the event that two with the same idea are submitted, the one postmarked earlier will receive the dollar. None of the ideas can be returned, but each will receive careful consideration.

When one of the children has a birthday you can make a circus parade around the cake or around the edge of the table. Dip the feet of animal crackers into stiff frosting and stand on small sweet wafers. They can also be used as place cards. — Mrs. D. D., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Instead of each individual's putting sugar on his cereal for breakfast, try putting about one-third less sugar than would ordinarily be used, into the pitcher of milk or cream to be used, and stir until dissolved. This method will also save time where there are small children in the family. Any left over, sweetened milk may be used in puddings, cakes, etc. — Mrs. W. A. M„ Thatcher, Ari-

zona.

A n extra $5.00! Who wouldn't want it? ** See details, right hand column, p. 581, and get busy!

■ m •

Sampler from the Past

(Concluded [com page 569) tendant problems brought out this sampler.

It had been willed this cousin by an elderly aunt who not long since had passed away and it had been in her possession for many years, carefully preserved but seldom seen. So far, it seems to be the only link by which we can further trace this par- ticular branch of the family.

A valuable clue came to light in the name of the mother. Until this sampler revealed the name as Je- mima it was thought to have been Jerusha. The correct name of the mother with the birth dates of all the children is indeed a find.

Samplers are not too rare a thing in themselves. Of them, those car- rying a genealogical tree or the fam- ily of the seamstress are more un- usual.

Who can say why this mother and daughter recorded family vital records on this sampler which, so far as is now known, is the only link which connects the present with the past?

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BORDEN'S EVAPORATED MILK

IRRADIATED WITH VITAMIN D

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^6*7%>*uz*' HONEY HERMITS

SO MANY women are asking about "sugarless" pastries today — you'll be interested in this thrifty recipe win- ner ! You don't need a speck of sugar and only one egg to make these golden Honey Hermit cookies, suggested by Mrs. J. G. Thomas of Sacramento. Follow her tip and use Globe "Al" Flour for best results, and an extra saving.

■ ■ ■ ■

I ■ ■

H H

B

1 8 ■

HONEY HERMITS

1 % c. GLOBE "Al" FLOUR 1 egg

Yt tsp. soda </] c. honey

Vi 'sp- salt V* c. melted shortening

Vj tsp. cinnamon Vi <• chopped seeded raisins Vi tsp. nutmeg Vi c- chopped nuts

Sift flour, measure, add soda, salt, cinna- mon and nutmeg. Beat egg until light, add honey, shortening, raisins and nuts. Add dry mixture, mixing thoroughly. Drop by teaspoon 'on greased cookie sheet. Bake in moderately hot oven (375 deg.) about 10 min.

Say "GLOBE Al" and save the difference!

579

THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, SEPTEMBER, 1942

JunkK

is no longer rationed

The interruption of Par Soap pro- duction caused by a fire which visited the plant last May, is now a thing of the past. Your grocer, and you. can again get this fa- vorite granulated soap, and with

it- Pottery

in the new ivory hue

Colored pottery is out "for the duration," because colored glaze requires the use of tin oxide. The new Ivory pottery is genuine Parma pottery, in the same fa- miliar, pleasing design, harmoniz- ing perfectly with any or all col- ors. Again . . . ask your grocer for Par

IN USE For OVER FIFTY YEARS

Aids in treatment of Canker, simple sore throat and other minor mouth and throat irritations.

Hall's Canker Remedy

536 East 2nd So. — at Salt Lake City, Utah

Send your boy in the Service an

IMPROVEMENT

ERA subscription 12 issues— $2.00

itooks'CofSer

By Josephine B, Nichols Whole Wheat Caramel Cocoanut Cake

3^2 cup shortening

1 cup brown sugar

2 egg yolks

]/2 teaspoon salt

1 tablespoon vanilla \>2 teaspoon soda

2 teaspoon baking powder 2 cups whole wheat flour

1 cup milk

1 tablespoon lemon juice added to milk

2 egg whites

Combine shortening, salt, and vanilla. Add sugar gradually, and cream until light and fluffy. Add beaten egg yolks, and mix thoroughly, sift flour, baking powder, and soda together. Add small amount of flour to creamed mixture, alternately with milk, beating after each addition until smooth. Beat egg whites until stiff and fold carefully into mixture until well blended. Pour batter into two well greased eight-inch layer pans. Bake 350° F. for forty-five minutes.

While still warm spread with the follow- ing frosting.

Caramel Cocoanut Frosting

1 cup brown sugar

x/i cup cream

1 cup cocoanut

2 tablespoons butter

Boil sugar and cream to soft ball stage, add butter, stir until thick enough to spread, put on cake, sprinkle with cocoanut, place under broiler until golden brown.

Sift flour with baking powder and salt. Cut in fat until mixture is as fine as corn meal. Combine beaten egg and peach syrup and add to flour mixture, mixing until a soft dough is formed. Spread dough over peaches. Bake in hot oven (425° F.) twen- ty-five minutes. Serve with cream.

Luncheon Salad

2 7-ounce cans tuna fish 1 cup diced cucumber

1 cup chopped celery

}/2 cup chopped green pepper

2 tablespoons grated onion 3^2 teaspoon salt

1 package lime flavored gelatin 1 cup boiling water

2/s cup cold water J^5 cup vinegar

Drain oil from tuna fish and flake. Add chopped drained vegetables and salt. Thor- oughly dissolve lime gelatin in one cup of boiling water, add cold water and vinegar. Cool until mixture begins to congeal, then add fish and vegetable mixture. Pour into individual molds and chill until firm. Un- mold on lettuce leaf and garnish with to- mato wedges and mayonnaise dressing.

Peanut Butter Cookies l/2 cup shortening 134 cup honey Yl cup peanut butter

1 egg

3j/2 cups cake flour 1 teaspoon soda

Combine fat, honey, and peanut butter, mix well. Add beaten egg and mix thor- oughly. Sift flour with baking powder, add to first mixture, blending well. Pinch off small ball of dough and place on greased baking sheet, flatten with fork. Bake in moderately slow oven (325° F.) ten to fif- teen minutes.

Frankfurter Macaroni Loaf

1 cups macaroni

2 cups grated American cheese 2 eggs

1 cup milk

2 teaspoons salt

6 large frankfurters

Cook macaroni in boiling salted water for twenty minutes. Drain and combine with cheese, milk, beaten eggs and salt. Put a layer in the bottom of well buttered loaf pan. Lay half of the frankfurters on top lengthwise of pan. Add another layer of macaroni mixture, then rest of frank- furters, topping with rest of macaroni. Bake in (350° F.) oven for one hour or until solid.

Turn out onto platter and garnish with tomato wedges and slices of cucumbers.

Peach Cobbler \x/i cups sliced peaches 34 cup sugar

1 tablespoon lemon juice 1 Y2 cups sifted flour

2 teaspoons baking powder 34 teaspoon salt

2 tablespoons shortening 1 egg

Place peaches in a buttered eight-inch baking dish. Sprinkle with sugar and lemon juice.

On the Book Rack

(Continued from page 571 )

prison. Pray do not speak so plainly: surely you can also say all that in a more obscure fashion.' Brothers and sisters, we are not allowed to put our light under a bushel: if we do so, we are disobedient; but we have received our commission from Him who is the light of the world. . . .

" 'He that findeth his life shall lose it: and he that loseth his life for my sake shall find it.' ... I must speak thus once again today, for perhaps I shall no longer be able to do so next Sunday: I have to tell you that today once again as plainly as I can, for who knows what next Sunday may bring forth? But it is our duty to speak.

As long as there are those to speak with this kind of courage, in the face of death — or worse— freedom will never be a dead issue in any land — not even where men are held in slavery for the moment. — R. L. E.

EASY TO BUILD MODELS OF FIGHTING PLANES OF THE UNITED NATIONS

(Doubleday, Doran, New York. 1942. 27 pages.)

'T'his book with its push-out plane pieces ■* which can be assembled is an invalu- able book to have when children are well, and think what it can do for the harried mother when her children are forced to re- main in bed with a cold. Sixteen models should be enough to assure absorbed in- terest on the part of any child old enough to assemble the pieces, which are clearly marked. — M. C. /.

INNER SPRINGS (Frances Lester Warner. Illustrated. Houghton-Mifflin Company, Boston. 1942. 189 pages. $2.00.)

"pRiENDLY books that introduce us to the

■*- happiness and security of family life

(Concluded on page 602)

580

NEW YORK— CRADLE OF MORMONISM

( Continued from page 567 )

And from Hempstead, Long Island, came Phoebe Soper Pratt, wife of Parley P. Pratt. The Sopers, who came to Long Island not long after the Pil- grims landed at Plymouth, have been stalwarts in the Oceanside, Long Island, branch for a century. Walter and Gor- don, the sons of the late "Uncle" Henry Soper, are carrying on the tradition of their forefathers. The Pratts are still a famous and a leading family in New York. There's Prattsburg in Steuben County, Prattsville in Greene County, and Pratts Hollow in Madison County. The "King Sisters," nationally known radio stars, and nieces of Howard R. Driggs, are the great-granddaughters of Parley P. Pratt. It's a quarter of an hour by subway from where Parley preached to where his great-grand- daughters formerly sang with Horace Heidt.

But there are too many of the early N. Y. members to tell of here. Hun- dreds of them, young and old, male and female, strong and weak, even as you and I.*

"Drother Utah's 1938 Ford rolls over *■* the huge George Washington Bridge at 177th Street, and up II. S. Highway 17. Some fifteen miles be- fore Binghampton you're in thriving little Windsor, birthplace of Jedediah M. Grant. This is Broome County. (Remember the saying in the 128th Section of the Doctrine and Covenants that the voices of Peter, James, and John were heard on the Susquehanna between Harmony and Colesville, Broome County! ) County Clerk Flook has old maps and deeds showing old Colesville was about three miles north of Onaquaga. David H. Burr's Atlas published in 1839 by Stone and Clark of Ithaca, has the following reference for the year 1829:

Colesville, acres 42,694; population 2,230; saw mills 22; grist mills 3; fulling mills 2; tanneries 4; carding mills 2.

But there is no Colesville now — though West Colesville and North Colesville still preserve the name.

H. P. Smith's history of Broome County, written in '85, says that Jo- seph Knight's farm was a little east of Ninevah, and that Mr. Knight had a carding mill above Center Village. H. P. Smith refers facetiously to Joseph Smith and particularly to the mis- chievous pranks of one George Col- lington, a youth of the community who was addicted to playing tricks on the

*An elaborate chart and map of many other New York families has been pre- pared by the author and deposited in the Church Historian's office in Salt Lake City. youthful prophet. You are successful in locating the present George Colling- ton, grandson of the original, and he with Alfred Fowler, the grandson of

William May, also a contemporary of the original Collington, point out to you the location of the Knight carding mill, and permit you to take their pictures. You also see the Colesville burying ground, with the old graves of Coles, Bennetts, Knoxes, Martins, Marshes, and others. Too, there's an old house still standing which was originally used as a meeting place.

The Susquehanna runs through Windsor, as stated before, the birth- place of President J. M. Grant, New York — Pennsylvania border, thence to Oakland (formerly Harmony). In Oakland still lives the Van Antwerp family, the descendants of Isaac Hales sister. None of the Hales is living. The widow of L. E. Van Antwerp (who was Emma Smith's second cousin) receives you courteously and tells you about her late husband, who in 1936 gave a picture of Isaac Hale to the Church. In the cemetery is a pathetic little stone, dated 1829, mark- ing the grave of Joseph's and Emma's first infant son. The wording on the stone is unusually clear, but you can't help thinking that this little stone has remained here bravely facing the ele- ments during the trek to Kirtland, the flight to Missouri, the building of Nau- voo, the martyrdom of Joseph, and even the exodus to the west.

Northeast of Windsor some fifteen miles is Afton (until 1875 called South Bainbridge) in Chenango County. Here it was in 1827 that Joseph brought Emma Hale from Harmony to be united in marriage to her by Squire Tarbill. William Carr, the present seventy-five- year-old village clerk, tells you about the house in which the marriage oc- curred. The New York department of education has erected an appropriate marker in front. Mr. Carr tells you that Zene Tarbill, descendant of the original Squire, died only three or four years ago.

And it was up to South Bainbridge that the mob took Joseph after the mir- acle over Newell Knight, claiming Jo- seph was guilty of putting Colesville in- to an uproar. But the Bainbridge jus- tice sent Joseph back to Colesville for trial, and he was released. One of the two men who defended Joseph before the Bainbridge justice was a Mr. John Reid, a non-member. Little did John Reid realize as he defended the youth- ful Joseph, that his own son, Amos Reid, half a century later would be appointed by the president of the United States as secretary and acting governor over the Mormon people in the territory of Utah. But no one here knows the Reids, though the old timers remember the Knight family.

It's surprising what distorted folk- lore exists here about Joseph and the Mormons after a hundred years. El- derly Henry Young and Mrs. Fisher of Nineveh tell you of the statements (Continued on page 582)

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581

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(Continued from page 581) made by William Johnson, who was a boy here, when Joseph dwelt in these parts. They point out "Bible" Hill and assure you that the plates were taken from that hill. Even an official marker erected by the New York department of education on highway 41 in 1932, near little Cornell Creek, says that Jo- seph claimed to have dug up Book of Mormon plates half a mile up the creek — \y2 miles from Afton (South Bain- bridge ) .

Little Sanford in this section is the home of Nelson Whipple, the ancestor of the Whipples of Utah. You remem- ber them back in Lehi, and you take a picture of Sanford under a light snow- fall.

One thing that definitely impresses you after visiting with the Van Ant- werps, the Collingstons, the Fowlers, the Carrs, the Pines, the Youngs, and others of the present generation in Har- mony, Windsor, Sanford, and South Bainbridge, is that the day of their glory is departed. They tell you sadly of their great mills and virility of a century ago, but even as they are talk- ing you can't help thinking of the pro- gress of their erstwhile neighbors who went to Utah — the Smiths, the Grants, the Youngs, the Whipples, the Wells, and many others.

"Drother Utah is keeping his eyes straight ahead on smooth U. S. 17. There's a light early snow on the ground, and the smell of the earth is crisp and sweet. Broome County on the Susquehanna River averages 100 days of snowfall out of 365.

"Never knew this country could be like this," Utah admits. 'Only 150 miles from New York, and except for the automobiles and concrete roads it's the same as a hundred years ago. Yel- lowstone River hasn't a thing on the Susquehanna. And seeing it from the rolling hills of Broome County, it brings back old memories."

You'd like to stay here longer and look up old records and newspaper ac- counts of the early days, and interview the whole third and fourth generation of those Broome County inhabitants who wanted no part of Mormonism. But time just won't permit, and you continue on to Binghampton.

At Binghampton you eat supper at Community Restaurant, famous all over New York. Some of the present mem- bers in New York City who like to reach Kirtland, Ohio, (on the outskirts of Cleveland ) by auto in one day, leave the City about three a. m., breakfast in Binghampton, and eat supper at Kirt- land. And in a plane it would be only a couple of hours! Rather different traveling from the way the Colesville Saints went to Kirtland over a hundred years ago.

By the time supper is over at Bing- hampton, the moon is shining on the

Susquehanna. At Owego you turn on Route 2, passing by Berkshire, where was born J. N. Goodale, later of Ogden. Then on to Ithaca (high above Ca- yuga's waters), home of Cornell Uni- versity at the base of the Finger Lakes where many Utahns have attended col- lege. From Ithaca came John Seamon, who settled at Morgan, Utah. Today the Finger Lakes region is a vacation land for New Yorkers. The lakes, ( look at them on the map ) , of course, get their name because they resemble the fingers of an outstretched hand — Seneca and Cayuga being the largest. Much of early Church history centers around Seneca Lake. In this lake was held the second group of baptisms in the Church. In June, 1829, Hyrum Smith and David Whitmer were bap- tized here by Joseph, and John Whitmer was baptized by Oliver Cowdery. On Route 2, after a rest at Ithaca, you come to Ovid, birthplace of early mem- bers, Zebedee Coltrin and Samuel K. Gifford of Spring ville, Utah. Some thirty miles north of Ithaca you come to little Fayette. A service station man directs you to the Whitmer house, where the Church was organized. It doesn't take long to reach the classic pillared house where the six brethren met to organize the Church under the laws of New York. It's a clear, late, autumn morning, and you fancy you can almost visualize the people who dwelt here then — the twenty-four year- old Prophet, Emma, Hyrum, Oliver Cowdery, and the Whitmers, most of them young and bravely facing life. Fourteen full years were to elapse be- fore the martyrdom at Carthage. On the nearby farms live the people who are the descendants of those of 1830. A hundred years makes little difference in the rolling hills and valleys of Sen- eca County. Oliver Cowdery's wife, one of the Whitmers, was a Fayette girl. But there's too much to contem- plate. All too soon you must leave Fayette for Manchester. It's about thirty miles — roughly the distance from Salt Lake to American Fork. Man- chester is like the other small New York villages. Some of the houses and churches are over a hundred years old. Breakfast at the little restaurant tastes good, and as you eat, you think of the famous Porter Rockwell who came from here. You mention that it seems odd a frontiersman like Porter Rock- well should come from this drowsy little place.

"No more odd than David Whitmer from Fayette dying down at Richmond, Missouri, or Sidney Rigdon spending his last days in melancholy at Friend- ship, N. Y.," says Brother Utah.

The Manchester village clerk says no one now knows any Rockwells here- abouts.

"Defore resuming the trip to Palmyra on Route 21, you glance at Route

NEW YORK— CRADLE OF MORMONISM

2 on the map, seven miles back to Clifton Springs, the home of E. W. Vanderhoef, born in 1825, a man of high education and attainments. In a written work, Vanderhoef says he was reared amid all the hubbub and con- troversies that raged around the early L. D. S. Church in this vicinity. He was extremely cynical about the Church and the Smiths. He refers to two affidavits, one by prominent citi- zens of Manchester, and the other by those of Palmyra, attesting to the shift- lessness of the whole Smith family, and particularly Joseph. But any lawyer knows how simple it is for a prominent man or committee to obtain signatures of even well-meaning people on a pre- pared ex parte declaration. A leading man of the community brings it to John Q. Citizen, says its O. K. and John Q. is likely to sign. And that is why a court will not receive such affi- davit evidence when the declarants have not been put through the fire of cross-examination. The Manchester and Palmyra declarations denounce the whole Smith family — not excepting Alvin. You turn over a couple of pages in Vanderhoef, and learn with amazement that Vanderhoef himself, while condemning the rest of the Smiths, expresses his approval of Alvin Smith, and says if Alvin had not died in young manhood, his influence with Joseph would have prevented the Book of Mormon from reaching the light of day. Falsus in uno, falsus in omnibus! is a maxim of the common law, and Vanderhoef's spontaneous estimate of Alvin contradicts the all-out condem- nation of the others. Incidentally, Vanderhoef says that old residents of Manchester or Palmyra will recognize the high standing and repute of the signers of the declarations. The names of some of these families still appear in the local 1940 telephone directories. The Sextons and Hurlbuts are in the Palmyra directory; the Durfees are in Newark, the Beckwiths in Newark and Sodus, and the Butts in Lyons and Sodus. Of course the declarations of people by these names a hundred years ago in no way reflects on the in- tegrity of living residents of the same

name.

Vanderhoef pounced on a report in the New York Times of Feb. 25, 1888, announcing David Whitmer's death, which stated he had renounced his tes- timony. Vanderhoef's letter to the postmaster at Richmond, Missouri, ask- ing for particulars brought a posthaste reply that Whitmer had never denied his testimony. Forgood measure the postmaster, Dr. S. T. Bassett, made a similar comment regarding Oliver Cowdery, who also had lived at Rich- mond. A madder but not a wiser man, Vanderhoef then says, "One of the strangest of the many strange features of Mormon history is the fact that

though a number of its pioneer pro- fessors withdrew or were expelled from the Church no one of them ever attacked its doctrines or denounced the fraud."

So much for Vanderhoef of Clifton Springs, who lived less than ten miles from Cumorah.

Says Brother Utah, "He sounds like the age-old echo, 'Is this not the car- penter's son?' "

The old surveyor general of New York carried a copy of Lemprieres' classical dictionary and as he surveyed locations he gave them such names as Rome, Utica, Pompey, and Homer. At the crossroads of the Genesee Trail he left the name Palmyra, the classical designation for ancient Tadmor of II Chronicles. The fertile lands of the Genesee attracted such people as the Smiths, the Youngs, and the Kimballs from hard-bitten New England, or, as one commentator puts it, New England of the late 18th century and early 19th was transplanted to northern New York. And thus came Joseph Smith to be reared within an hour's walk of Cumorah.

T_Tistorians say two great events oc- 7 •*■ curred in New York in 1825. One was Lafayette's visit, and the other the completion of the Erie Canal, open- ing the west to the east. Palmyra was on the Erie Canal.

The Martin Harris farm is outside of Palmyra. It is said that when Martin mortgaged it to pay for the first printing of the Book of Mormon, his wife refused to encumber her wifely dower, so they partitioned off her eighty acres where she dwelt in splen- did isolation.

But enough of these old wives' tales. You wish you had time to "do" this whole section as you did the Colesville, but that will have to wait. It is still early morning, with the tiniest feather of frost in the air, as the car pulls up on Highway 21 alongside Cumorah.

Next is the Sacred Grove. Time won't permit you to meditate as you'd like to on the events which took place here, so you plan on saving that for another time.

Via Manchester you get Route 2, and go to Victor, where Heber C. Kimball married Vilate Murray. Then to Men- don, where dwelt Brigham and Heber when they were baptized in 1832.

All at once you find yourself looking at Brother Utah. He has been silent a long while. He's done all the driving while you've just sat, and you know he must be tired. But his eyes are straight ahead on 332 toward Can- andiagua at the head of Seneca Lake.

"Next holiday we get, Brother New

York," says he, "what do you say if

we follow the Susquehanna from its

[Concluded on page 584)

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(Concluded from page 583) source in upstate New York down to Chesapeake Bay?"

You try to squelch your astonish- ment, but it only brings a second rate attempt at a cough.

"Or maybe," continues Brother Utah, eyes still glued on 337, "we could take the swing around New England to visit Joseph Smith's, Brigham Young's, and Wilford Woodruff's birthplaces."

And so you know that you've more than accomplished your purpose. Brother Utah knows now that New York is the cradle of Mormonism.

Conflict

(Continued from page 559) more of a nuisance than a help in the kitchen anyway.

Although he was holding the pa- per before his eyes, Jim was not reading. Tonight he would tell Jane that he wanted her to stop smoking. It made him feel shaky. The smell of tobacco smoke in the room kept reminding him of his unpleasant task. It kept reminding him that to- night might be his last here in this room.

How would he go about it? The sound of the swinging door between the kitchen and the living room broke his ponderings. He looked up. Jane was coming toward him, dressed in a quaint, brightly patterned house dress. "Why so glum, Jim? You look as though you didn't enjoy my dinner."

Jim smiled. "As my future wife I think you'll do very well, and as my sweetheart tonight, you're perfect," he replied with more enthusiasm than he sincerely felt.

Jane sat down on the little foot- stool at his feet, placed her elbows on her knees, cupped her chin in her hands and looking at Jim said in a voice that made him wince inwardly, "Jim, when do you think we'll have enough money to get married?"

Looking at his hands, Jim did not reply immediately, and then reach- ing out and clasping both her hands in his, he looked at her and began. "Jane, I'm going to say something — I mean I'm going to ask you some- thing, and, well, I hope you'll take it right and see me through it." He paused, because his voice felt tight, and his breathing seemed irregular. Jane stopped twisting the ring on his finger, and then in a hushed, ques- tioning tone, her voice came to him.

"Yes, Jim, what is it?"

584

CONFLICT

"Well, Jane, I don't know exactly where to begin, but I guess the long and short of it is that — well, I want you to stop this smoking habit."

Jane straightened up. She pulled one hand away from Jim's. Surprise showed on her face.

Jim was angry with himself. Why had he started the thing off in that fashion? He had been too blunt, too abrupt; he should have built up to it a little more.

Words were beginning to form in Jane's face. Jim hastened to stop them. "You see, Jane, I got to think- ing about our marriage, and I natur- ally thought of children we might have. And it was while I was think- ing of the children that I thought of our smoking.

"Well, maybe I'm old fashioned and all that, but it suddenly struck me that we couldn't be good parents and smoke. Somehow, when I thought about our smoking before those children, it seemed wrong; it seemed as though we wouldn't be doing our duty to them. Maybe this is crossing the bridge before we get to it, but nevertheless, we must con- sider the future."

Jane sat quietly, looking very earnestly at Jim as he spoke. Her eyes were open a little wider than normal, and her hands were lying limply in her lap. Jim went on, look- ing first at Jane and then at his hands.

"I felt I had no right to ask you to stop until I had done so. I sup- pose you've noticed that I haven't been taking them lately. Well, Jane, I've stopped. It was tough sledding for awhile, but I feel free of it now, and I want you to do the same.

"I love you, Jane, and I want to marry you more than anything else in the world. Won't you do this so that all we've planned will not be destroyed?"

"You want me to choose between you and cigarets, is that it?" Her voice had a sharp, cutting tone.

"No, it isn't that, Jane. I merely want to work this thing out with you."

Turning her back to him, she walked slowly across the room, and then turned suddenly. This time there was a half-pleading, half-de- fiant look about her.

"But, Jim, lots of women smoke today."

Jim looked away. He had to con-

vince her. What could he say that he hadn't already said.

"Jane, I'm afraid there can be no compromise here. Please try, just try to see if you can do it."

She looked at him for a silent mo- ment from across the room. She seemed confused, as if she wanted to say something or do something but all the time realized that there were really but two solutions to this problem.

She went out of the room and came back with Jim's coat and hat.

"Here, Jim, I think you'd better go." To Jim she seemed to be talk- ing very quietly, very calmly, as though she were steeling herself for something. As she opened the door for him, she spoke again.

"I'll have to think this over. Take this ring," she removed the engage- ment ring he had given her, "and don't try to see me for awhile. May- be I'll invite you over to dinner some evening — again."

Anguish smothered him as he made his way down the street. He had lost Jane. Why had he been so stubborn about all this, anyway? Why hadn't he just accepted things as they were? But Jim knew.

One hope remained. Maybe she'd invite him over to dinner again some- time. As he walked home he began to understand her last statement. If he ever received this invitation, he knew that her battle, too, had been won.

His life became an ache of wait- ing. Days merged into each other. Weeks rolled by. To Jim, every- thing seemed dull, meaningless rou- tine. He thought of Jane constantly.

Then came the answer to his prayers — Jane's voice on the tele- phone. Almost in a sob it seemed she said, "How'd you like a fried chicken dinner tonight, Jim?"

Snatching his hat and his coat, Jim was gone. Gone to what he knew was to be a happy future free from an enslaving habit.

u

THE PRIZE By Jack Richards A Young Writer

I hold the greatest prize on earth Each dawn within my eager hands, A day, rose-tinted with new birth,

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THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, SEPTEMBER, 1942

{Concluded from page 575)

burg, Idaho; James Lawrence Bruce, Smoot, Wyoming; Anna Adriana Dalebout, Ogden; Martin Dalebout, Ogden; William B. Dan- iels, Annabella, Utah; Charles E. Hogge, Ogden; Ellen Adams Hogge, Ogden; Elaine Perkins, Salt Lake City; Ray Gordon Webb, Richmond, Utah; D. Lyle Wynn, Ogden; Pauline Murray, Kemmerer, Wyoming.

Central States: Eldon A. Garner, Ray- mond, Alberta, Canada; Don S. Knight, La- Jara, Colorado1; Karl Griffith Alder, Preston, Idaho; James Ernest Johnson, Mesa, Ari- zona.

East Central States: Alta Gardner, Alton, Wyoming; Wawn Spillman Hogan, Grace, Idaho; Thora Pearce, Lynwood, California; Florence S. Tucker, Lewisville, Idaho; Helen Lucille Berry, Holbrook, Arizona; Rhoda Maines, Tacoma, Washington; Rich- ards Smith Miller, Salt Lake City; Joseph S. Morris, Jr., McCammon, Idaho.

Eastern States: Gordon Albert Bousfleld, Santa Monica, California; Lewis Harding, Willard, Utah; Shirley Hoyt, Snowflake, Arizona; Stewart Lee Udall, St. Johns, Ari- zona; Maud Robinson, Los Angeles; Frank- lin L. West, Jr., Logan; Afton Wilkins, Rupert, Idaho.

Hawaiian: James Logan Bee, George- town, Idaho; Keith E. Garner, San Fran- cisco; Parley G. Jansson, Salt Lake City; Joseph L. Sellers, Rexburg, Idaho; Rao J. Sorensen, Bancroft, Idaho; Glen W. Clarke, Ogden; Kenneth N.