Gc M. U

976 '

G36i V.2 1745953

REYNOLD? H'^^TORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION

iilillililiiliiliiilliillilllilililllilli

3 1833 02022 320 9

INDIAN TERRITORY

UESCRIPTIVH BIOGRAPHICAL ANU GENEALOGICAL

INClADiNG THE

Landed ^states, C^ouiity S^^ts

Etc.. Htc.

WITH A GHM-KAL IIISIOHY OF THE 'lERKlTOHY

.^.V^

D. C. .G1D£.CL^.

IN ONE VULU.MI-; lLLl:<TKAri:U

Tiifc Lr.w'is PrnLisiiiNG Cacm'asy

NEW 'lOK'K ANi. rmCAGd

%'>

1745953

niSTORV OF IXDIAX TERRITORY. 473

Mr. Cliil(li.T> was married in iXNj t^ Miss I'aimic l.)a\is, of Wag-uner, whc) Ijoro liiin iwn ciiiMren, iiamctl Walter A. and Irene. Jlis present wife \vas Mrs. J.ir.y Mnsely, bi wli.jin he was married in iSyO.

GEORGE W. HILL.

George W. IJill, w lnj was horn in the Cherokee nation in 1S55. is a son of Roliert anrl Litk'a IHll, his father a prominent white citizen and liis nunher a member of the Creek nati(jn. liis eckication was obtained at Asl)ur\- Mis- si. >n. Early in life he became prominent in the public affairs of his lucality and as S(ion as old cnoug'h to hold office he was elected district att' rney of the Mnskog-ee district, serving under the admini?tration of Samuel Checntah. and held the same oftice during the ailmini-tratiMii nf Chief J. M. Lerryman, and was then elected a memlier i:>l the ]i'iu-e i.f kings, in which capacit\- he served fur iVmr year.-. In the fmu-th year he was promoted to the [iresi- deiicy nf the Ijr.ard of education of the natiLHi. in which capacity he served for three years. On the cx])iration of that period he was once more elected to the house of kings, and is now a member of that jjody. He has closely studied the political issues and questions of the day, the needs of the peo])le, their laws and the necessary legislative action, and his work in l:ehalf of his constituents has been commendable an.j .satisfactory.

In icSSo yiv. Hill was muted in marriage tn a niemlicr of the Creek Jiation, and the\- had three children.— Am.inda, Walter and Melissa. In iSy^^ he wedded Mrv- Mav Crn^bv. of M-und Citv. In.iian Territorv. and thev have one child, Ada. On the 0th ..f j;uuiarv, iN.,;, he wedded Miss Lucv'Grav- snn, a daughter cf Willi.un (h-ays.m. of Checotah, and their son has been given the name .,f Wilh.im McKinley.

]\lr. Hill's ranch i> kiCited seventeen miles west of Checotah, in one of the richest farming portion-, of the territory. He wa> a member of tlie first police organized in the territorv and is a member of the Masonic, the Odd Fellows and the Kniglu.s of Lythia- fraternities. He also belongs to the Methodist I^iiscop.al eluu-ch. ."^outli, and in his political associations he is a Republican.

MORGAN T. DL-KAX'f.

Morgan Jones Durani has tlu-ou-hont his business career been cointjcted with sti'ck-r.iising iiUnests in thi< section oi tlu- territory. ;uid is now ser\ing as |)oslmaster at I '..nniiigtoii. He was iMrn in Jackson countw of the Choctaw nation. September u. \XjJ. his p.arents bein- Z'o/are ;md Saphira ( L'avender) Dnrant. His lather v.,-.s a native ,ii Missi-sippi and w,is ;, Ch -ctaw Indi.an. He carried on gener.d f.arnnn^ and s,,,ck rai^ng and .lied March u. iSS;-, after a successful an.l h.'ir.rable business career. He was a conMii of Ho,,. iJixo,! Dnrant, the fonnder and o,-igi,,al owne,' of the now important city which bears the famiU n,i,ne. 'fhe Duranis have .aiwavs been pro,,,ii,em .ind

474 HISTORY OF IXDIAN TERRITORY.

inllueiitial in public alTairs oi the natimi, lia\ing Ijeen rccdgnizcd factors in business, ot'ticial and professional circles. The mother of our suhiect is still living and is a native of MississipjH. Her parents were David an.l Annie (Magce) Cavender, the former a wliite man and the latter a Chickasaw w uman. Mr. Cavender was a native of Philadelphia and loyally served his c>->uniry as a soldier in the war with Mexico. Unto }klr. and Mrs. Zozare Duraiit were born the following children: A. P. D. ; Nethenius, now deceased; T. 1'., who also has passed away; Berenetta; l^avid C, deceased; Cordelia; and Zozare.

The well known postmaster of Bennington, JNIorgan J. Dnrant, acquired his education in the neighborhood schools and at Wahpannucka Institute, in the Chickasaw nation. In 1S95 he received from the Choctaw board of edu- cation a certificate of cjualitication for teaching national schools, and he has taught one term.

After arriving at years of maturity he chose as a companion and help- mate on life's journey Miss Carmine Caruthers, a white woman and a daugh- ter of William and Molly (French) Caruthers, of a Texas family.

Throughout his business career Mr. Durant has been a farmer and st'X-k- raiser and owns a valuable tract of land near Bennington, but makes his home in the city. His fields are highly cultivated and in liis pastures are found good grades of stock. He displays excellent business ability in the manage- ment of his property interests, and at the same time he has ciediialily dis- charged official duties. In i8t)g he served as deputy shcrilY for Jack^.u county, under ShcritT Mike LeFlnre. By President .AicKinlev he was ap- pointed postmaster of Bennington, and entered on the duties oi the ofiice on the 1st of April, 1901.

CLAY J. WEBSTER.

The name of Webster has been long and honorably connected with busi- ness affairs in the Chickasaw nation, anil tlie pre.-ent representative i- accorded a place of leadership in ci'jnnectiim with many of the enniniercial and industrial concerns which have contrilnited to the genera! welfare a« well as to indi- vidual prosperity.

He was born in Clay count)'. Texas, (Ictuber 4. i^JJ. and after acrimr- ing his education in the schools of tlu- h<.uc Slar state he came l^ the Indian Territory, in 1S92. with his ]yMX'».[<. J. .M. and Annie M. (Ryan) ^\■ebstcr. On entering upon his litisiness career he jriined his father in the estalilish- menl of the firm of J. 'M. We])>ter .1- S.^n. and together they ennducted a general mercantile business for abom fom- years, after which they organized the Texas Trading Company, of which J. ^i. Webster is the president. Both are hea\'y stockholders in the company and are active in contriil of what is recognized as one of the leading niereanlile in-titiUiiars oi the iL'rriliu-y. C. J. Welister was also one nf tin- ..r-ani/er^ ..f the b'ir-l Xati.Mial llanlc, of Sulphur, and cai its c>t.ibli>hnient wa- elu'^cii ca-hier, \\liich p!i■^ililln be has since filled in a most capable manner, [imving a p'i]iular as well as efilcient

HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY. 47 5

officer. ]]e is likewise uiie ot tlie stockholders of the Sulphur Spr.ng; Kail- way CuniiiciU}-. Jle is the president ol the Sulphur ^lainys J.uau Oc Ijuild- ing AsSL>ciatiuii. He carries to successtul coiupleU'iii whatever he under- takes, and hi3 opiniiiUb carry weignt m husine.-b circle-, even among okier men, for his adxice is always sound.

Air. \\ elJ^ter l^ a \alueJ representative of 5e\ eral frat.-rnal organizati'jns. He belongs to Sulphur Springs Lodge, No. J05, 1-. & A. Ai.; to li.rani Chap- ter, R. A. -M. ; is the uobie grand ol Fidelias -Lodge, Xo. 07. 1. U. U. k"., and has nieinbcrship relatii.ins with Magnolia Caini), Ao. 105, \\o>thiien ui tne World. He i^ a Henijcrat in pulitics and holds numihci •^ll.p 111 t..e Aieinodist ]ipi>copaI church, South.

LE\'I L. Me-.MAXA.M.W.

Among the nati\e sons that Indiana has furnished to the liulian Terri- tory was Levi Lincoln McManaman, of Aliami, who wa- b irn in Jennings county, in the Hoosicr state, on the 6ih of k)eccinb.-r. jSo;. The father, James AIc^Manaman, was a native of Ohio and a son of John Carr and Sarah A. (Smith) MeManaman, the former a native of \'irginia, while the latter was born in Pennsylvania, of German parentage. The ^^Ic.Manainaiis are of good colonial stock, the original American ance.-tors of the famil_\ ha\ing come from Scotland in the seventeenth century. James }iJcManaman mar- ried ]Miss Lydia A. Sharp, a native of Wilmington, Delaware, and they became the parents of six children, four daughters and two sons, as ftillow.-,: Mary k'rances, who was born in 1855, and became the wife of J. G. ]\Iil- bouse, of ]Uitler\ ille, Indiana; Sarah E., born in ]S5(), and is the wife of William Smith, rif Westport, Lidiana; Stephen P., of Pratt. Kansas, wii., w:is born in i80t, and married Florence Hall, of Nebraska. Indiana: Ida .May, who was born in 1863, and married C. O. Rush, of Zeuas, Indiana, her death occtirring Decemlicr 3. 1S07: Le\ i P.. of thi- review : and. kklna Jk. who was born in 1S75, ami is the wife of (Juo Hall, of Azali.i. Indiana, 'khe father, who was born June 25, 1S30. is now residing in \"ernon, and the mother, wlio wa- born Octi>ber <;, 1835. is also living. Mr. Mc.Manaman. whose name he.ads this recoril, aci|uirc(l hi- education in tliL- jmblic schooi-. pursuing bis sllld:e^ in the \'ern-ii Ingli school, ai \-erii-n. Indiana, wiiile in iS,S7 he took a cour-e in the l!apli.-t P'niversily, at Ottawa. Kansa-. Pefore leav- ing his native st.ite. however, he began teaching. In the -pring of 1888 he became a residciu "f Krin>,is and there accepted a po-ition in a general mer- cantile store in .Aknind City, being employed in that cap.icity until ]8ot. with the exception 0)f ik.e year l8S(i. which he spent as a stiideiu in tue university. He has liecn ideiuihed with the CMinmercial hi-t' rv of Miami .aim. >-t f r. in the establishment of the i^wn, for he opened the -ecoiiil stock of goods in the place, bein,-; ;is-oeiaied in bu-iness with 1". G. Wat-oii, of ^vlouiid City. After two year- he -^Id hi- inlere-t I., his partner and entered upon an inde- pendent career as a general merchant, conducting hi- st-ua- for two ye.ars.

476 HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY.

when he sold out. On iH-iMjing <<i hi.- .-tme he removed to his farm, whicli he su])erintended until elected clerk of his trilie. I'"or two years he discharged the duties of that ot'licc. lie was the ijrincipal teacher in the grammar depart- ment in i8y(j. and in the fall (if njoo had chars^e of a select school in }iliami, while durini.;- the winter he will teach in the city schools, lie has sunic good farming interests whicli firing to him an e.\-ccllent income.

On the 24th of Xovemher, iSi;j. Mr. .McManaman was united in mar- riage to Miss Hannah Richardville. a daughter of Rev. Thomas F. Richard- yille, princijjal chief of the western Mianiis. She was born in the tuwn of Fontana. ^liami county, Kansas, on the _'5th of June, 1S7J, pursuing her studies in I'axter Springs, Kansas, and als'i in liacon L'ni\ersit\', a Ikujtist institution at Muskogee. Our subject and hi:, wife have a ver} pleasant liome in ?vliami. supplied with all the mmlern cunveniences, tasteiullv fur- nished and celebrated for its generous hospitality. The house was erected by Air. McManaman, who owns this property in addition to his farm, and at the time of this writing he is erecting a stone block on the main street of the town. He holds membership in the Indeiiendent Order of Odd Fellows, and while living in Kansas was al-^o identified with the Kni-his of I'vthias fra- ternity. Of the I'.aptist church he is also a member aii.l coinriliutes liberally to its sujiport. Through his own well-directed efforts and hoiioralile business methods lie has acquired an excellent fortune for a young man and his life illustrates what may be accomplished through energy, i)erseverance and inde- fatigalile industry.

ROLl-:^" C. MclXTOSIl.

.\ ])roniincnt citizen of Indian Territ<iry. l.jcated at Checoiah. is Roley Cub ?ilclntosh, the subiect of tin's -sketch. He was born in the I'reek nation, near Muskogee. Apriljj, iS^S. a snn of Colonel D. X. and Jane Elizabeth (Ward) Mclnt^ish. both of uh,,ni are dece.asctl. His early c:Iucation was accpiired in the ]3ublic sclu ols of the Creek nation, and after the close of his educational career he engaged in fanning with his father, remaining there until 1SS5, wdien he decided to begin farming for himself, soon proving that he w-as capable in that direction and particul;irlv successful in the raising of fine horses.

Mr. Mcintosh first located near I'anie. where he engaged in agricult- ural labor nniil jS().). reino\in-- t!ien t ■ hi- |iiesciU fine place, near l_"hec'itah, wdiere he nou" owns two hundred and fitly acres of land, two hundred of it being under cultivation. Mr. Mcint''-h undeisi.inds the breeding of excellent horses, having studied thi< branch of farming \ery thorongliK-, and has owned some of the best horses ever bred in Indian Terrltor\-.

The marriage of Mr. Mclm-sh t,.. k ]Tice on neceinber 1 _>. i.^Sf,. to Alf.s Fannie Atkins, a daughter rn' lames ( i. Allcin-, ..1 the Creelc n.iti. n. and thev have four children.— Roley (/.; jr.. Hector, .\laiuic and j-hn Randolph. Mr. Mcintosh has always been pr^ miiient in the .alTairs of his nation, and for two

HISTORY OF IXDIA.\\ TERRITORY. 477

terms \vri> ilistricl judi^c of Eufaula dislricl, nml has made two trips to Washin.t^l'iu citv a^ delegate fr. >;n his nation. He p' i>;,L->.-es the high regard of lli^ neiglihors and the respect Lif the whole O'mmnnity.

J.T. DOAK.

T. T. Doak. (ine of ihe representative farmer- anil cattle men .-1 the Indian Terrilniy. wa> hnrn in McKinney. d'cxa?, May 3. 1N3S. and came U> the ln<lian Territor\- with his parents when a mere child. His paternal grandfather, josiah linak. ua- an Jndian trader in Mississipiii and the last treaty \\a- ma. e at his hnn,>e there. ]Ie came t^ the Choctaw natii>n with the Indian^ and fonnded D^aksville. the oldest town in tliat naiinn. hnt he clied in s.iuthern Texas, and iiis wife, nee Annie Dresser, died at I'il.'t I'nint. that ^tate. The maternal g-randlather <n i<uv subject, Preston Scutt. was a nati\e of Tennes- see, l)nt dicil at Au.-iin. d'exas. when he wa> a memher of the legi.-Iatnre. His wife was Jeimie L'.arnth. also a native of Teniie->ee. l.mt died near .\lcl\in- iiev, Texas.

j. Dudley D._.ak, the father of the subject ci thi- sketch, was b-rn at ]^i)aks\-illc in t!ie Chfictaw nation, Ijeing the tirst white child In rn in that nation. He lived under five different g-overnnients i)f d'exa- and served as a>-e-.-."r and collector and tfrst sheriff of Collin county, that -tale, making hi.- home for a time when a b. ly with Governor Thn.'ckmnrton. He served four years as captain of a company in the Kighteentb Tex.-i- Regiment under General Darnell. He married Mi,-s Lizzie Scr.tt and their nni.in was l.)lessed with six children, three i.f wlmm are n<iw living in t'.ie L'hickasaw nati-m. His death occurred in Stonewall, Indian Terrilorv, Xovimber 6. 1^75.

J. T. Doak, \\h..-e name introduces this review, was reared and cfn- cated" in the Indian d'erritory. going to school with the Jndian children. In 1869 he went to Stonewall and lived with ex-CIoxei'mir \\ . L. I'.vnl. Inn in liSNi went to ^'elma, wliere he began his l)usiness career in the mercuiiile tield, conducting a store known as Doak's Store. He came to Duncan in 181)5, where he engaged in the furniture and :il<o in the feed bnsine-s until lOof, when he sold ont and now devviies his attention to farming and cattle-raising. Re has about four hundred acres under high cultivation anil about one thou- sand acre- in pa-ture. He also had other tracts ,if land, which he lias sold at a good jjrotit.

yir. Doak \va- married, in iS8j, ch..Mi>ing for a companion and hel]}meet on the journev of iii'e Miss Lena llorton,- a Cliicka-aw lndi;m woman, and thev had one daughter. Lulu, who was educated at I'do, .nilield Ac;idemv and in the convent at Denison. Texas, ddie motiier died and Mr. Doak wa- again

She wa- born 111 d'enii<>.-see. wa- educated in the common scliooL of Ikm- native

in the Indian Tcrritovv. Siie ha,l two children bv her ilrst hu-band.— Samuel Andrew and lIorleii>e. Mr. Doak and his wife are members of the Mis-

4/8 ■ HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY.

^ionary Baptist church and he is a menihcr of Duncan Lodge, Xo. 60, A. F. & A. M., and Crown Chapter, Xo. 21, R. A. M. He has been very successful in all his business undertakings and accumulated a comfortable competence, so that he is enabled to provide a good home for his family and surround them with every comfort. He is a man of sterling worth and conmiands the respect and confidence of all with whom he comes in contact both in private and business life, and is well worthy 01 representation in this work.

CHARLES T. PERRY.

The name of Perry has long llgured in connection v»-ith the alTairs of the Choctaw nation and of a well kn>>\vn and pniuiinent family Charles T. Perry is a representative. He was born on the old Perry homestead, where he now lives, in 1S72, his father being the Hon. Xail Perry, who is now serving as senator in the national council. The son pursued his education in the neighborhood schools and in S])encer Academy, his" educational train- ing well fitting him for carrying on his Inisiness interests in later life. By. occupation he is a farmer and stock-raiser. Lie has about one hundred and sixty acres of land, and the Perry home, convenientlv situated a mile north- west of Llouston. is one of the finest in this part of the county.

^Ir. Perry married 2^1artha Harris, a daughter of Abel Harris, a well known Choctaw Indian residing in Sugar Loaf county. Two children grace their union, ^Myrtle and !Maud. While yet a boy Charles T. Perry became a member of the 'Choctaw militia, in which he served for four years. He was then deputy sheriff of Sugar Loaf county for a similar period, and in October, 1900, he was elected sheriff for a term of two years, so that he is the present incumbent of the oflice. He is fearless and faithful in the dis- charge of his duties and belongs to that class of officials that insjiire con- fidence in the law-abiding citizens and fern- in those who do not hold them- selves amenable to law and order. ^Ir. Perry is a man of fine apj.carance and keeps in touch with tlic progress I'f ihc world, with public tliought and advancement.

OTTO ROGERS, M. D.

Otto Rogers is among the more nreiu arrivals identified with the medical fraternity in the Indian Ten-it^'ry. lnU has already gaincil a (iractice indicative of his ability and skill He now reside- in Tahle(|uah. but was born in Tennessee, and was "Ue (>\ a family of se\en childi-en, namely: Carroll, who was born September 10. if^=;o: Eannie. wife of Dr. D. 11. P>urk. cf Webber's Ealls. Indian Territory; Lucy, the widow of ]•". H. Xa-h Andrew: Hugh; Paul: Otto, of this review; and Clifford. v.Imsc birth occurred Sep- teml)er i, 1S74. and who is the ("^nly one of the fanfily born in the teii-itcry.

The Dixtor was educated in the Cherokee nation, becoming a student in the common schorTs and in the Male Seminary at Tahleijuab. Iir 18S7 he

HISTORY OF IXDI.IX TERRITORY. 479

completed his literary course by bib graduation and soon afterward be entered the Louisville Medical College, at Louisville, Kentucky, being there in the fall of 1890. In the spring of 1891 be entered the Kentucky School of Med- icine and in 1S92 was graduated in the Louisville Medical College. The fol- lowing years he ser\ed as interne in the Louisville City Llospital, that posi- tion being accorded to those who stand highest in their examinations, in 1893 Dr. Rogers commenced the practice of his profession in the city of Louis- ville and later came to the Indian Territory, -locating first at Webber's Falls. He arrived in 'J"ali]ei|uali in the i)resent year, but soon demonstrated his skill and ability and is already rccngnized as a man of marked worth in professional lines.

ANDREW J. WEST.

^Many states <>i the Uni'ju have sent their sons to the Indian Territory and among tJK.se win, have c. nie to this sectirni of the country from Illinois is A. J. We-t, whn wa^ b^rn in tlie I'l'airie state on the iSth of October,' 1863, his i>arents being J. C and Elizab-iii A. (Cassady) West, the former born in Portland, Maine, and tlic latter was a native of Terra Haute, Indiana. For some time they re-ided in Illinois, but in i8';9 started for the southwest, making their way by wagon to Texas. Jn 1871 they came to the Indian Ter- ritory, but subse(iuently removed to Jacksboro, Texas, where the father spent his remaining days, his death occurring in February, 1884. His wife, sur- viving him sixteen ye.ar-^. died in the C'liickasaw natinn 1 m tlie iSth of Sep- tember. T()00. They were the parents of seven children, namely: Marcellus, will) died ni Baker Ciiv, C)regLin. in 1S89; J'^*-', '^^''i'^ i^ engaged in the painting business in Ada; .^arah ]].. wife of John Brown, of Denison, Texas; Clara, wife of Jr>]in Shields, of the Chickasaw nation; A. J., of this review; George v.. an enii)1iive <<i the firm of West. Bynum & McFarlin, of Ada; and J^ocia, thu wife "f W. C. ]!ailey, of Ardniore, Indian Territory.

A. J. West began his education in the common schools of tr.e territory and furtlier continued his studies in Ccillinsville, Texas. In the early part of his business career he engaged in the raising and sale of cattle lor some time and was for several years engaged in teaching. Subsequently he turned his attention to merchandising at A'ict'>r. in June. 1S95, and after three years he went to Hird, Indian Ten-itory. In 1900 he came, to x\.da, where he entered into partnershi]3 with ^^lessrs. Bynum &: McFarlin, establishing the well known firm of ^^'est. B-ynmn & ^IcFarlin. They are now carrying on a good busi- ness. Mr. West is one of the stockholders and directors of the Ada National Bank, and the firm 01 whicli he is a member is building the leading and largest hutel ..f llie place, wliich when Ccunpleted will be w.irth five thousand dollars. It is expected that it will b,e ready i><r occuiiancy ow the ist of March, 1000. In 1S84 r^Ir. West was united in marri;ige to ]\Iiss Xettie Gage, of Jack-sbr.ro. Texas, by wb.om were b'lrn two children, one oi whom died in infanc\', while the survi\ing son is \\'illie. For his second wife Mr.

48o HISTORY 01- IXI.UAX TERRITORY.

\\'c=l dv^ii -Miss .Mau.l ll-pkiiis, ..f Allen. In.lian Tcrritnrv. and their union has been hlc-scd wilii tv\M cr-.il.lrcii; \\.Tiii:- Mav and Oll'ie Wanniia. Mr. West hnl.U HiurnhL-rMiii. m I'-nt^.t-c J.udyv. X.'.. (>5, 1. ( ). O. 1\. al>o m J\lagn(jlia J-c.d.i^x-. Xo. 45. K. I'., and \u- life has 1 een in exeniplilieatiuu vi the benehcnt princiiile- uf ilie Mrde;, whieh inculcates Im'therly love ;uul charitv among its members.

D.W'llJ lX)L.<O.M.

Da\ id P'olsom, who i- engageil in agricnUiu'al [jursuits and stcck-raising in the Chickasaw nation, wa.- born in I'.lue dnnuy, of the Choctaw nati^ii, Augu-t 30, iSOy, his i)arent> being Cus and Li/.a ( b'raser ) Folsom, both of whom have now passed away. Ihe father died during the infanc}- of his son, and at the a.ge of live years our subject was left an orphan by tiie death of his mother. He Viegan his education in Caddo and afterward was in the Orphans' Home in ],ebanon. wheie he remained fi^r four years. When six- teen years of age he left that place and spent one term at a neighborhood school. ]n 1S81) he came :•■ ■rislionhngo and bi'gan fanning on his own accoiml. fiis diligence and enler|iri-~e are inJ.icated by the tact that he broke all of the land him-elf aiul made all <'f i!ie impr. iveinenls which are foimd thereon and which n<.\\ CMUstitute "lie "f the 111. st desirable farms of the community.

In iS(>3 Mr. l'ol>om was ch. i,-en deinuy Cnited State^ marshal, under T. B. Xeedles, and also ser\eil in that capacity when Leo h-. Ik'unclt held the shrievalty. In lyoo he served a term as representative in the Chickasaw council. He takes a deep and abiding inierest in everything pertaining to the welfare and pnigrcss u\ his cmmunii}" and i.- known a> a leading and intlu- entia! citizen.

On the 2d of h'ebruary. iSon. Mr. I'olsoin was united in marriage to Miss Ivosa Swadlcy. a daughter of d">im and Minerva (Hunter) Swadley, who are now residents of Coalgate. They have four children, — Myrtle. X'ora, and iwiii.-, .\gnes and \'irgil.

Mr. I'.ilsMni devotes the greater pan ..f his time and atieiuinu to the care and managemrnt of his farm, and the rich soil yields an excellent return for hi:^ vo.rk of plowing. i)lamiiig and culnvaiiiig. lie 1- in'w one of the well-l.i-di. and promiueiii ciii;^ens "f tiie c 'iiiniuiiity.

COl.OXI'.f. JOIIX S. IIAMMI-.U.

A promineiiT factor in miliiary. ])ohiical. b.i-ine-^ ami social circles is Colonel J.'hn S. Hammer, who iuis left and i- le,i\ing the impre-s of hi> individ- uality upon the pul.'iic life <'i In<iian Teirir'ry. His elTMrt- al<:ng many lines of pr^gre-s ha\e pro\-iii of great benelil to the Ci 'mniu.nily. and l^-day lie is numbered anion- tlie most honored and oteemed reMd.eiits of the Chickasaw

■-.'•-rr- ,-.-:::^,

/

AM r

I

(

J

Mm,

'^':^'^yp'Z^^-^---<

Ill STORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORV. 4S1

A n.'iti\c ul Kcniucky, Mr. llammei- \\a5 h'jrn in Maysville, 'jU the 13th of Jul}', 184J, and is a son ut Gcurge aiul i'cuclDpc (_Y'jungj llamuKT, both cf whom are uuw deceased. When he was a little lad of tliree ^uuiniers he was taken by his parents to Flen;ing=burg, Kentucky, where at the proper age he entered the public schouis ami actpiired a gu..:d knowledge of the English branches of learning that htted him fur the practical duties of a business career. After leaving school he learned the blacksmith's trade and was tluis engaged at the time of the inauguration of the Civil war.

Jjeing in hearty .sympathy with the Union cause and opposed to tb.e reces- sion movement through the south, b.e raised a company of men which became Company i'j, of the Sixlcentli Kentucky X'olunteer Infantry, lie was made the second lieutenant and wr.s prom.Jted from time to time to the various positions until he became the colonel of his regiment, bein.g mu.^tered out with that rank at Louisville, Kentucky, in .\ugust, 1865. Enli.-iing in June, 1861, he served four years and two mouths. Thus he was in active service throughout the en- tire war and was ever foimd at hi? post of duty, loyally defending the oid tlag. His own. bravery inspired his n:cn to deeds of valor, and, wliile he never need- lessly endangered his troops, he was ever found in the thickest of the fight if duty called him there. Six months after the war ended Colonel Hammer re- ceived a commission as a second lieutenant, and regimental quartermaster, being transferred to the Nineteenth United States Infantry when given that rank, and later was transferred to the Fourteenth.

In 1S73 ^^^ resigned his position as first lieuienaut anil was appointed pose trader at Fort Gibson, Indian Territory, where he remained for thirteen years. Fie afterward conducted a livery business in ^luskogce for four years and then removed to Arkansas, where he spent the succeeding three years. At ih.e lime of the establishment of the United Slates court in Ardnitire he removed to that place and was the first constable to serve in that locality. Me was afterward deputy marshal under Thomas V>. Xeedles until the e\i)iration of his superior's term, and in February, iSyJ, he was again entrusted with public office, lieing appointed the postn!a?ler of the town of Ardmore. in which capacity he capably served until the meeting of the national Republican convenliLai ;!t St. Louis, when he resigned in ortler that he might attend the conveniiiai. as lie was a national committccn;an for the Indian Territory. In October, 1S07. be was appointed United Slates marshal f.)r the SMUthei-n di-iricl. I ie wa- one ^f the five men to sign the call for the org;mizalion I'f the ke|iuliiican part\ in the Indian Territory ar.d was -^nt t.i Minneap^li-, wliei'e be succeeded in -ccm-ing the territorial repre.'enl.iti..n in that b> dy. li u;i- ai t'.iat time he was made a national committeeman. Timrongiily in sympathy with the jjrinciples ami work of the party, iie lab. irs untirin!^ly in it- behalf ;md has certainlv 1 een an active factor in pnniutlg;iting it- principles aniMi;- the lesidents 'if tins section of the country.

In 1869 C( li^nel Hammer wa- united in marriage In Miss licHe Sanders. a daughter of Orlandr, Sanders, of Mi-ouri. and tli'ey have IkuI five children, namely: George S. ; JmIiu S.. who was a member ..f the Rou-h RMer- and

' 31 ' "

4S2 HISTORY 01- IXDIAX TERRITORY.

>erved tlinui^'-hout the Si),-ini-li war in CuIki. :iik1 wai also in the li.L;ht in China, while at the present time he is in t!ie Phihppinc islands, with t'n.c Sixth United States Cavalry; lle-^.-ie. n. i\v th.e wife of \\ . \V. Betty, of St. J,c;nis, Missouri; and J-andun and ^.ale^. b'jih of whom are now deceased. In i.Sii4 Colonel }ianinier wedded .Mrs. Ella Sloate.

Soeially lie is connected with several organizations, lie is a member of the ^lasonic fratornity and belongs to .\rdmore Commandery, K. T., and to Jndian Temple of the .^[y^tic Shrin.e. lie also holds membership in Chicka- saw Post, No. i8, G. A. K., and is the department commander lor the Grand Army of the Republic of the Indian Territory. He is a member of the Loyal Legion, one of four members in tlie Indian Territory. As a citizen h.c is as true and loyal to duty to-day as when he marched through the south or stood in the front ranks of battle in defense of the L'nion.

WILLIAM X. STEWART.

\Villiani Nolin Stewart is the owner of one of the fine farms of the Indian Territory, his home being located Cwc miles northeast of Grove, where he has three hundred acres of valuable land. He was born in Arkansas' in 1844, and is a sou of William Stewart, whose birth occurred in Tennessee in the year 181S. On leaving the state of his nativity, about 1840, he look up his abode in Arkansas, but subscc|uent!y removed to Louisiana. He was of Scotch descent, his father, John Stewart, having been a native of Scotland, in which land he also died. While residing in Louisiana, William Stewart was united in marriage to Miss Mary Williams, who was born in that state and died in Arkansas. Iler parents were Otho and Elizabeth (Garrett) Williams, Ixjth natives of \"irginia. In the year 1S50 the parents of our subject took up their abode in the southern i)art of the Cherokee nation, in the Indian Territory, au'l the f;ither i~ now living in Monigdniery onuuy, Texas.

Upon a farm William X. Stewart was reared, early becoming familiar with llie work of field and inend''W fmni ilio time of early spring planting until the hav was cut and the harvests gathered. The greater i)ari of his educa-

was acquired in Arkansas. After arriving at years of maturity he wedded

Mi-	.- Celina K. ]■	"reeman. a daughter 1	>f George W. and Jane ( \'
l-re	i.ni:in. both of	whijin were natives 0	f Georgia and died in the ('
iiati	i.,n. Her fath	er was a white in;in.	w.hilc h.er iiTither was abc
eigl	nil Chcn.kee.	Thev were C'ld .and \>V'	iiiiiiient settlers 01 the n;iti.in.
wer	e educated in	tiecrgia and are p"pu	lar and highly esteemed by
kno	w tl-.eni. Mr>.	Stewart iiad sewral c	Musins will) were in tliL' L'ivil
U )i	1 federate suldie	rs. and J"hn Meiu-. .'i	, bi'iitlier-indaw of nur subji
nun	shored aniMug t	liM-e wli . f( flight f' V t	he Uir'-n.
	.Mr. Stewart ;	md lii^ family (.ccii]>\	;l very plea-ant h-me up' .11 h
nea	r Gn.ve. His	land i> rich and ihmiI	ueti\e and i> under a high ■
cult	i\atii'it, being	imiMMve.l witli all nv	■dern acccs>'irie> and cnnxe

rilSTORV OF INDIAX TERRITORY. 4S3

The ficli!> are well tilk'il, the latc-t im])n'\"e(l m:ichiner\- is u^e(l ami e\-ervthing about ihc [jlacc iiidicatci tliu imkistry aiui careful manatieineut t'f tlic owner. Aside trom the work of the farm Mr. Stewart has fi uuil time t>> serve liis fellow citizens in public office. For four and a half years he acted as deputy United States marshal luider Jacob Yoes. who was an assistant (posse) under Briton and Roots. In his political views h.e has always U-cn a Reijuljlican, and socially is connected with the Masom'c fraternity. He and his wife ImUI membership in the church of the Latter Day Saints. Their many sterling cjuahties and commendable characteristics have g'ained for tliem the hii^h regard of a large circle of friends, which is only limited by the circle of their acquaintances.

JULLMUS M. WEBSTER.

Prominent as a representative of business intcre->ts in Sulphur is J. M. Weljster, whose activity in various lines has lieen ui immense l.enetii t..> the community of which he is a representative.

He was born in Faycttcville, Wasliington county, .\rkansas, January 17, 1836, a son of Johii Bell \\ebster, who removed from Tennessee to Fayelte- ville at a very early day. He was a relative of John Bill, who was at I'ue time a presidential candidate on the Democratic ticket. ]-'>y occupation J.ilin B. Webster was a farmer and devoted the greater part of his life in that pursuit. He had charge of the arsenal at Fayetteville at the time the Indians were removed to the Cherokee nation. The remainder of his life was spent in W'ashington county, where lie died at the ripe old age of eighty-four years. He married Margaret S. Fcute, a lady of German extraction who was horn in Tennessee, in which state her parents, who were natives of Germanv. died. j\Irs. Webster died in Wasliington county, Arkansas, at the age of eighty-four.

r\Ir. Webster, whose name introduces this review, |iursucd liis educa- tion in the public schools of his native jilacc and at Elm Springs. Arkansas. A\"lien the coimtry becatne involved in civil war he resolveil !■ ■ join the soulhcrn army and fought for the newly establislied confederacy as a member of the First Brigade, of the First Division, of the Army of the West, under General Price, serving from Febi-uary, 1S62, until the close of hostilities, when he returned limine with a i)avolc granted him at ^^leridian. .Miss'ssiiijii. on the I2th of ]\Fav. i8()5. He narticipated in the cngagemcnls at Wilson creek, Elkhnrn. Farminglnn and Corinth.

\Micn the war was over Air. Webster took up his almde at l^orcst. :\lis- sissippi, and there followed the saddlery and harness making trade for six years. In 1870 h.c went to Texas, locating in Paris, where he was engaged in the patent medicine business for five vears. C)n the exiiii-ation of ihai iieriod he reiroved to Clay county, iu that state, where he i' llowed ihe slu'Cii rai-ing industrv, farming and merchandising, conducting a sfovo in Hcnriett.i. The year 1804 witnessed the arrival of Air. ^^"ebster in the Indian Territory, when lie located in l.ebauon. and in iSuO be came t.> Sulphur S] rin;r<. where he

484 HISTORY OF IXDIAN TERRITORY.

embarked in merchandising. On the 7th of September of that year the firm of J. M. Webster & Sun was estabhsiied, and they ^ucccssfully carried on business until June, lyoo, when a partner was admitted, under the tirni style of the W'ebster-Wilcy Mercantile Company. This was afterward changetl. the Texas Trading Company being organized. A fine building was erecteil, being- one hundred feet in depth and I'lrty-six feet wide, with an J^ addition twenty-five feet wide. This is one of the fuic store buildings of the territory and is splendidly equipped with a large and well selected stock of goods. The commendable business policy whicii is followed has secured a large and grow- ing trade. Mr. Webster is tlie president of the company, and the success of the enterprise is due in a large measure to his efforts.

In Paris, Texas, the subject of this review was united in marriage to Miss Annie ]M. Ryan, and unt^) uiem h.ave been i)orn two children : Daisy Blanche, who died at the age of fourteen years, and Clay Johnson, who ii one of tlie most prominent business men of Sulphur. Mr. Webster is a Master Mason, holding a demit frum tiic Lndge X^. 27, at Paris, Texas.

Pie is quick of apprehension, ami ih.e intricate business affairs he easily comprehends and capable manages. lli> advancement has been along legit- imate lines, where d^-tcrmined purpose and honorable effort have formed Ihe stepping-sttjiics whefeb}' he has been enabled to adxance beyond difficulties and obstacles, steadily making his way toward the goal of pro.>perity.

J. L. JORDAN.

J. P. Jordan, an enteri)ri.-ing agriculturist of the Chickasaw naiioii. was born in the state of Mississippi June 19, 1871, and is the son of J. H. and Sallie (Summers) Jordan, the former a native of Mississippi and tl;e latter of Alabama. About 1872 they removed to Texas and the mother died in the Pone Star state, while the father afterward came to the territory, spend- ing his last days in Ardmore.

jNIr. Jordan, of this review, was only ten years of age when he left home and began earning his own livelihood, working for three dollars per month. For eighteen years he has resided in the territory and through a considerable period was identified with mercantile interests in Mariena and also carried on the business at Ran and Eastman, but ni'W devotO'^ his lime and attention to the conduct of his agricultural imrsuiis. lie follows farming and cattle- raising and is the owner of a valual)le ranch eight miles southea>t of Marietta. There he has richly cultivated fields and. good herds of cattle and his enter- prise and diligence are attended with gratifying success.

On the 13th of June, 189.^, occurred the marriage of yir. Jordan and Miss Molhe P'i\e. who was born fii the 12th of July. i>^J,^. anil is a d.augli- ter of Overton Pove. Their union h;is been blessed with three children, of whom two are living, Martha and .\nita. Henry Pove, the only son and the second in order of birth, has passed away. ]\[r. Jordan has always taken an active interest in public affairs, Ixing a recognized leader in thought and

HISTORY OF IXDIAX TEKKITORY. 4S5

cipiniDU. lie lias served as city recorder and as department permit collector, in which ol'tice iiis incumbency uill continue for four years. He is a notary pubhc and ii held in high regard. He is heartily in sympathy with all meas- ures calculated to prove of public benetit. He hr>lds membership in Marietta Lodge, Xo. 51, I. O. O. F., Smyrna Lodge, Xo. 37, K. P., and is also a member of the Woodmen of the World. ]n all life's relations he is true to has obligations and to the trust reposed in him.

jrDSOX D, COLLI XS.

Ini.Lnn DwiglU Ci'llin^ \\a> b'.rn in the Chickasaw nation, in Mississippi, ab'ui 1S31 -■md v^as niiK .-ix year- nf age when with hi- piuer.t^ he left that state and' came t'^ the Indian 'i'crritoi-y. Hi^ father and moth.er spent their remaining davs in tlli^ p'irtii'n rif the ciauitry and under the i)arental roof he p:is-ed the period nf his childhood. His education was acf|uired in the Chick- a-aw nati.in, and ihr.iughout his business career he has followed farming, n.'W having about three humlred acres of land under cultivation, his highly productive fields indicating hi< careful >npervisi<ni, his progressive meth.xls and his unfaltering energy.

In iSrii :\Ir. Collin- wa- united in marriage to Mi-s Selina Edward, who wa- ..1 I'rench lineage . ui her father's siiL-, while her mnther was a fnlbbLod Clu'ck,i-aw. Her father ua- (/aptain Xcd Edward (in Indian. .MiMUo-hent- tubbv), and ft'om .Mabama he came to the Imlian Territ.n-y, where (■ r -mhic )ear- lie served as captain of the Chickasaws. He died in I'ebruary, iStu, while his wife passed away the following year. His niotluv, wlu. bore the name 'if Xancv He L.aiiev, was captured bv the Chickasaw Indians, d'lic father ..f :\Irs. 'Ed ward w-w j^ed Feather, a giM,d Creek India.n. wlir, die.l in Gcorgi.i. while hi- wife died in the Chickasaw nation. I'ntn Mr. and Mrs. CoIIiiis have been Iimmi nine children, namely; :\lary. Heiry. K.i'trt, Mar- garet and lielle. all "t wli'in are now decea-ed, and one who died in infancy, while those still living are: Serena. Odus and Alpheus.

During the Civil war Mr. Collins serveil for about three years in tlic Confederate army. He has been ]->rominent in public atYairs. has served as a member of the legi-l.afnre. ha- been senate r and f. r four years was supreme jiiflge. Twice he ba- bjcn -ent as a delegate to Washington and in all bis ]iubHc diUies be Labored earne-tly and con-rientiou-ly for the welfare and progre-s r.f the ] e-jile be ha- re'iire-eiited. .He ba- been preaching among iiis people for forty years.

J.\^IES C. r.UCHAXAX.

A prominent ami int1uenti,al citizen of Webber's I'-alls, Indian Terriiorv. is lame- Calliwav Ihiehanan. the snbjeet vi tin- si^ct^h. He was born in \\'a-liington county, \'irginia. .\ugust 25. iSr,;, and is a S' mi of Matthew and Martha (Calhway) Lnclianan. The paternal aneest' rs of our subject

486 HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY.

caiiic lo America from Sc..'t!ciiul ahcmt lOoo. and settled in wiiat was ur altcr- uard Ixx'aine Lancaster comit}", rennsylvania. Siil>se(inently a hranch of the family niovetl from I'cnnsyUania to what was then, and a part of which is still, Augusta county, X'iryinia, whence two cousins. John and Alexander, moved to southwest Xira^inia. the farmer settlini;- in Rich \'alley. in ."^niyth comity, and tlie latter at a place called .Mi .nut Airy, in the same county, near llie borders of Wythe county and on the line of the Norfolk & Western Rail- road. A record in an old Jliblc, made l)y Alexander, a great-uncle of our subject, states tiiat thi--> move was made in 1769. and John lUiclianan, the grandfather of our suljjcct, his brothers, with the exception of William, wdio \\ent lurther wen, anil nio-t of their descendants, liave lived in Smyth county .since the above date. The other brothers of John Buchanan were James, George, Archibald, .\lexander and Patrick. Alexander J'-uclianan. cousin of our subject's grandfather, bad two sons, — James and John. The former, who is still living, has one son, John A. IJuchanan, who was in congress two terms and is now a member of the .supreme court of ajipeals of X'irginia. While in congress he found a book in the congressional library which con- tains an account of the origin oi the I'.nch.anan fanuh" in the eLve:Uh ceiitm-y. The personal name is derived from an estate in Scotland named Buchanan, but the origin of the name i)i the estate is not known. The account also gi\es the succession of father to son as owners ol this estate through twenty-two generations, reaching into tlie se\enieeiuh centurx. There was another fam- ily of Buchanans li\ing in the west end of Smyth county — four bachelor brothers, — Matthew, James, \\'illiam and Koiiert, and two married br<Dthers, — John and Ryburn. Tlie latter lived in east Tennessee, in Sullivan county probably, Init were only distantly related 10 the subject of this sketch. There were and still are otlier fann'lies oi Buchanans living in Washington count}', Virginia, some of them in the ea-teiMi part of the county. Of one of these families there were three brothers, Iknjan-.in 1\., .M.iltliew liay anil James, who are probably of the same original .-i. ck. tin lugh not immediately connected with the branch of the family to which our subject iielongs.

Matthew Buchanan, the father of our .subject, was a prmnincnt citizen both in 'I'ennessee and \'irginia before the war, was a mercham and also the owner of mining- interests in the copper region iA X'irginia. near Ore Knob, riis hrst marriage was to .Miss Jane Stewart, a dangiitcr of Job of Tennessee, a reiireseniati\e of an old colonial family. Three chi l)orn I'f thi^ mari-ia-e: Mattiiew. wh. • ijicd in _\dunL;' m;mli(od ; married William K. Luty. .,1 Decatur. Tenne->ee'. and at deatli lefi Thebe, who marridl .\lmon Robertson, .ainl i> now a resident oi M Minnesota: and \\ illiam. who married Rin'.i l\i bin-on and had iw Grace and -\rthur, who reside in Decatur, but he died in iS()4.

The second marriage of Matthew Bnch.anan was C' ntracled North Carolina, with :\li.-s Martha Crdliw.iy. a daughter of Mo-i-s ;' Calliway. three chil(h-en being born of ihiv imi.n: .\lta. wIm u lS6^^ anil died in iSijo; llattie. who w;i^ b- -rii in iSiij, m.arrieil J.

1 Sle\	vart.
Idren	were
Jane,	wh.o
' 'ue c	hild,
iimeai	.olis.
. chil(	Iren.
n ^la	rion,
nd M:	in ha
H bor	n in
W. G	iK.d-

HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY. 4S7

iKT. of (/k'x eland, Tcnnc.-i.-cc. aiiil has or.c- 5. ai. Joseph; and the subject of this sketch. Mr. Jiuchanaii (hed in his old liume in I3ecatur. Tennessee, in 1S66, and the ni'itlier el Mr. JUichanan is still living near Athens, Tennessee.

Our .-ubject was reared in Tenne.-see and attended the primary schools of Decatur. I;ut later eiitcretl tlie I'-asi 'l"enne^see We-leyan I'niver^ity. at Athens, lea\iu.L;- t'ncre at the aye t.'i nincu-eu to .-eek a new lirmie in the west. ITc located in \\'eliher'>, I'all.-, Indian Territ'jry, in 1SS5, and accepted the position of bookkeeper in the mercantile hou-e of J. Iv ^faytield. wliere he remained for two years. At this time he received tlie appointment of post- master from ^re^ident Cleveland, alth'iut;h he was but twenty-one years old. The next bu-ine» with which [Mr. Buchanan was cuunecied was a mercantile partner^hip with T. II. Harles. under the lirm name of llarles iS; I'uchanan, this continuing for four year;. At the expiration of that period .Mr. I'.uchanan sold his interest to his partner and entered extensively into farming .and the raising of cattle, in which he is still engageil.

(.)n the i-'th of September, iSSS. Mr. I'.uchanan w.i^ imite.l in marriage to Mi- I- iMrence Morgan 1-owler. adaugiuer of I-rank and .\m:..nda (.Morgan) iMiwler, and one daughter, T.ertha, was liorn, June 15. iNSo. the mother (Ivin.g in 18(^2. The second marriage of Mv. Duchanan was on May _'0. 1S96, wiien Mi-s Delia Slaughter became his wife. >he being the accomjili'^iied daugh- ter of K. J. and Mittie 1 llaye<) Slruighler. an iufani born of t'.-is marriage dying in 1S08.

The bu-ine-^.-. career of Mr. Ihicluman ha> been a very successful one. and he is a i)rogressive and energetic man., lie manages a large rcal-cstale. in- surance an.d loan bu<iue-s. j. n n.narv ]ui])lic. and lor ten years wa-; the ellicienl ji. .Miuaster of Wcbl^er^ I'alU. Sociallv be i> connected wiih the Masonic Dodge Xo.. 14. A. [•'. M- A, M.: Se(|uoyaii Chapter. .\o. S, of Salli- saw: and ^^lu-kogee Commandery. Xo, i. and enjoys t!ie e-t:em of hi> lel|..w member-. lie is much re-pecled in thi- comnumitv and i> a rtpre-cntatixe buMue-- man.

I'KI'^STOX S. j.\Mb:s.

T're.ton Starritt ]amvs. ,,f Muuni. w.i- born in .\b iiroe o-mUv. Ceorgia. Mav 17, IS;;,, his parent- luMUg Wiley ]'.. and W-oli.i.'a 1 Starritt ) Jame-. both of whom were white peo|*'c. but were reared wit'i the Cherokee- in the old nation. The mother wa< a dau-hier of I're-toii Starritt, who-e wife died when Mr-. |ame^ wa- a little girl. Her t'alher wa> exten-ively en, gaged in merch.an.h-im;- among liie Cherokco and -poke their language very lluently. William jam;-, the iKilerual -randiather of ,.nr subject, wa- a soldier in the war of iSij. and married .Mi-- Xai;cv Scott. Aiuon:; their clhld'-cn was \\'ilev lame-, who bv hi- marria-e became the father of seven children, five of wiioni rea.-hed vears of matnnty. a- t'ollous : Mary D., who was l„,rn in iSpj and did at the a.-e o| twentv \ear-; .\nna. who was born in iS;! mid is the wit'e of William lames, a dist.ani relative, now residing in the Delaw.arc

4^S HISTORY Of IXDI.IX TERRITORY.

district: rrestrm S., of i\n> review; J' Ini. who \va> Ij tii in 1S55 and died when alxjut eight years of age; Kel\ ia, wlio was burn in 1857 and is the wife of Wilham C. England, of Alton, Indian Territory, where he is engaged in the milh'ng business, and he is also a jiractitioner at the bar; and William \\'., who was born about 1864 and n'>\v resides in Galena, Kansas. The father is still living at the age of seveniy-five years, and the mother has reached the age of seventy-seven years. They are farming jjeople of the Chero- kee nation. At the time of the inauguration of the Civil war they removed with their family from Georgia to Mis~is>ii)pi, and in 1870 came to the Indian Territory, where they have since lived.

Under the parental roof Preston S. James spent the d:iys of his child- hood. He was married, September 9, 1N77, to Miss Mattie E. Bann, a Chero- kee, and a daughter of James D. and Rosanna (Cathcart) Vann. Eight chililren blessed this union, of whom seven arc yet living, as follows: [Mvrtie B., \vho was born July 30, 1879. and was married, in March, iS'97, to Samuel Overly, a white man, by whom she has one child, Eorcst, born in iSgg; Zula, born in 1SS2; Tola, born in 1884; Dcuna, born in 1886; Leland, born in 1888; Lulu. Ixirn in 1890; and Frank, hdrn in 1892. Otis, the third child, died at the nge df two years.

Mr. James is a member of the ]^Ia-onic fraternity and in his life exemplifies the lienehcent spirit of that order, lie is a worthy Christian man. although not a member of any church, but in his life he has closely followed the golden rule and his honorable and u))right career 1ki< won for him the higli esteem and unqualitied confidence of t'.iose with wlmm he has been associated.

REV. A. EKAXK KOSS.

Xm man in the Indian Territory is m-rc ])ri,niinent or ti 1 a greater degree cnjr.ys the regard, rc-pect and c >nridencc <'\ hi- lelhav men than d es the Rev. A. iM-ank Iv .>s. lie lv\> devnted his life largely to the dissemination of prin- ciples which lead to the improvement of humaniiy. lie has not only labored earnestly and iiulefatigably in the church but also in fraternal societies, which rest upon the basis of man".- ethical relations and ha\e for their object the pro-, motion of muinal helpfulness and mutn:d f.Miiearance. At the present time he i^ not acii\e!y c Minc-te'l witli tlie c!ini\-'; :>:, a mini-Ur nf the g^-pel, al- though he retains a deep and ;il'iii';iig intere-l tl'.erein. lie i> w w h\ ing up.Mi hi- farm, -un^rvising the oiieraliMU.- ni lii> ranch.

Tlie Ke'v. A. Erank Ross is a n;iiive ..f .Mis<i-;-ippi, hnm J-nuiary ji, 1831. J lis father. .\l)raham J. Ri ss. wa- a white lurui, 1.^:11 in S'.uih I'aoMin;!. whence Tit an early age he \veiit Im Mi-.>i-~ii)]ii. He ciiUTcd the C^nfedeiate ariii\- fn m that stale and <erveil ilirou-liMui liie Ci\ii war, al the cli'-e '<i wliicli'he re- niMved t^. Le..nc.anuv,Texa>. where he m.iiniained hi- re-Mence until his litVs lab.r,-. v.ere ei'd;',! m .lea.lh, in 1 S80. lb- w::, a f:inn-r :ind ].Ianter by occu-

ne>s career, lie married MarllKrj.'^Moorc. wIim was l„'rn in :Mi.s.sis-ippi, be-

,>K-:--.a«t^.

r^^

-tX->l

/'

X

i/ ^

/

L--..

:^ <:3^mn^Jf ^fS.'^^y-.

HISTORY OF IXDI.-IX TERRITORY. 489

lunged to a Chnctaw Iii'Iian family and died prior to the Civil war, \vl;cn our sul>ject was very young.

Almost the first event in connecti.jn with the life of any individual tiiat is found on reciird concerns his education, and this our subject continued in Lay- lor University, a famous institution of learning which was then located at Independence. 'Jexa-. but h.as since been removed to Waco. On the com- pletion of the classical course he was graduated in 1873. ^nd thus with an ex- cellent literary training to serve as a preparatinn for advanced professional studies he went to Greenville, South Carolina, and entered the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, completing his theological course in Louisville. Ken- lucky, to which place the seminary was removed while he was one of its students. The year of his graduation was 187S.

In the mi-;mtime, in 1S74. .Mr. R.-.ss made a tri]) to the Indian Territ.iry and wa.- s.i iniprcs-e.l with the country, its po.ssibilitie-^ and its prospeci>. that on completing his theological studies in 1878 he returned to the Choctaw nation as a missionary preacher, under the auspices of the board of the Southern Baptist convention. lie located first near Fort Smith. Arkansas, and after- ward at McAlester. where he took up his abode in 18S1. From that place he went to South Canadian and later to Ilartshorne. where he resided for eight years, and in i8()8 he located at his present home, one mile south of tlie flourish- ing city of Durrmt. .\t most of the places mentioned he built up large churches, ministered to the needs of the congregation with zeal and fervor and performed a work whose influence is strong and as far-reaching as the shores of eternity. .\t Mc.Meslcr, South Canadian and Ilartshorne he diversified his work by teaching school. He was also the chief editor of the first Baptist paper published in ihc Indian Territory, namely, the Indian Missionary. He also imblishcd for some time the hrst ^lasonic and Odd Felli'ws paper in the Territory, called the Fraternal Kecrd. He has done nuich miscellaneous liter- ary Work, writing largely fnr the Cosmopolitan Magazine and for other secular and rcligir.u~ |)cr!M(hca!s. He has a fluent, entertaining and instructive stvle, and had he devoted his attention entirely to literary work would undoubtedly liavc attained distinction in that line. He has served as the moderator of the Choctaw and Chickasaw .\s.-;ociation. also as the president of the Territorial Sunday-schoVil ci invention. Xo kn \vn msasurc-nent can make a correct con- clusion of his work. InU it h:\<. c! ^el)' touched the interest.- of humanity and been of etTecti\e beuLlit in liftinu' man [n a higher ami nobler jilanc.

The b Mue lii'e of Rrv. Mr.' K. :;^ b;i< been a verv ha].i.y one. He m;ir- ried Mi.-^ lunnia J. Tucker, a wliite wiMuan. the wedding being celebrated at Fort Smith. Arkan-as. Mrs. R.iss i< a native of (k-i-irgia. and to her hu-^band s'.ie has been a faiiht'ul companir.ii and helpm.ate on the journey of life, her labor-; .-liily supiilementing his efforts in the direction of benefiting his fellow men. Tboir marri.-.ge ha-; been ble-scd with Uvc children, namelv: :\[rs. Marv Stalling^, Samuel F... Hallie. Winem:i and b.ne, all of wIiomi aiv living. They have a very atlracti\-e home about a mile from Durant. where, having retired f r. 'Ui the wi;>rk of the ministry. Mr. Ko-.-^ is now devoting mr,.-;t of his

490 HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY.

time to hi? farm aud ranch, lie (jwns alu.iu one thousaiul acres uf fine land, and the richly cultivated fields bring to him a splendid fniaucial return. The household is noted for its graciuus hiisi)itality and good cheer, and ilu- members of the family occupy a high position in social circles.

^Ir. Ross has been particularly prominent in the work of the Masonic and (Jdd Fellows societies. He has taken the degrees of the blue lodg-j, chap- ter and council in the former fraternity, and was the first worshipful master of the iNIasholatubee Lodge, in Fort Smith, holding that position for three conscu- tive years. He also established the lodge at South Canadian and was its first master. He has been grand chaplain, grraui lecturer, grand junior and senior warden and grand orator of the Indian Territory in the grand lodge of ]\Iasons. He \vas also the grand pairun of the grand chapter of the Eastern Star ^Masons for Oklahoma and Indian Terriiory, being installed in that position at Oklahoma City. He has likewise been grand coun>eI for several years. While a student in Louis\ ille, Kentucky, he was made an Odd Fellow and became past noble grand at ^vlc.Mcster. He was the first grand secretary of the grand li.Klge of C>dd Fclluws, and then grand treasurer, in uhich capacity he served for three consecutive years, and was tiien made grand chaplain, which position he yet fills. He is also the grand secretni")' of Ih.e grand lodge of Good Templars for the Ir.dian Territory. He is the only one living who has attended every session of the gr;ind lodge of Odd Felljws in the Territory.

Mr. Ross has also been very prominent in official circles in the Clioctaw nation. He is a man of strong mentaHty and im])ressive individuality, and is recognized as a leader of public t'.njught and opinion. He was the examiner of teachers for the Choctaw nation f^r seven years and was the drafting clerk of th.e Choctaw national ciaincil fwr two terms. ci.'unty clerk of Ga.ines coun- ty for several years, tv>ice t'le jury o 'mnii<si. 'iier, .uid has for sev- eral terms served on buth the grand and peiii juries nf the L'nited States C'urt, while f.u- the past six year,- he h;i< been .a imtary iniblic. He i^ ;i liceuicd attorney and has practiced cniisiderably in the I'li^ctaw courts ;ind li;is also rep- resented many clients on citixeii-iii]) bu--iite~> before tlie Dawes cinnmission. He is a man of benevolent .-"jiirii and the ]: ■■■r and needy never sought his aid in \-aiii, but his gixii'g lias been eiuire'iv uii' '-leiitati' 'US. after the manner cf the prece])l whicii instructs us lua i. > ka tiie left l':iiid know what the right dn.'th. His ac(iuaim mce in the Terrii.irv i> \er\ large and he is e\erv\\ liere honored and rcsi-ecied. lli> frKud.^ art 1-mid ui him' by b,.nds of f.ve'and. l,;yahy th.-.t faught can >e'.\'r. f^.r he pMS:^L'--(.- tli. -e <iualitie~ which e\er aua.ken regard and esteem, iim nuuter in what c^'iuury cr clime they are i'muiuI.

jl'DC.F. XOl.ANl) mXSOX.

The nei-hlna-iiig >tate nf .Xrkaii-a^ wa^ the birtiiplac- of [ud-e Xoland Hyn.M.n, wlm f,rM npciK',1 his eve. t.. the li-lit of day in nale^viile. Independ- ence couMtv, ill ih^-l^ His l"athcr. lleinv ll\n-.o|], \v;is a ii::li\e of Ciie-ler

HISTORY OF IXDI.-IX TERRnORY. 491

ton. .\l:irylan.l. tlie family li. ine l-.L-ing- l,.catt<l (ui tlic Clicsai^eake !',ay. In the year iS.^o lie went ti. llai^-Mllc and liecanu- a laM-.nincnt an.l wealt'.iy mer- chant thtrc. lie ua< al.-.i a --lave nuner and traiLr. hnt he died at Sulphur S])rini;>. 'I"e\a^. in 1831). wh.iit icnii.Mra.rily rc-idinL; at th.at jjlaix f.ir the pnr- I^i^c nf iniiir..\in- hi- h.caUh. His wife in iier niaid.enh ml \va- Mi-s Eliza I'crry. Slie died' wiien ti;c jnd-e ua> ,.nly two y.-ars of a._;e. Ili> l.rMlher, Caiilain II. C". Ilynsnn. i- a jiroun'nent lawyer at Texarkana. Texas. He cnniMianded a cunipan) -f C'. nfederale ^l.ldie^^ in aitillery service in the Civil war and is a distini;in~iu-d re.-i>ient nf the t'lwn ni w'.iic'i h.' n:a'.;.'- his h<jnie. The >i-ters ni the taniily are Sijihia. wid.ow nf I )r. W. M. I.awrenee. who \\;i> a jimnnnent lll•.y^'cian in Date.-viHe, -\rkansa>, fur ni;.ny yer.rs ; and I. on, tile wife of Hon. James Rul!ieri(.rd, of IJa-tcsville. .Xrkansas. th.e owner of an e\ien<i\c planlati.ii and a niem!)er of the sta.te lei;islatin-e.

jndi^e Hyn>in acqnired his preliminary echiration in P.aie-ville and sup- plemented it hy a conr-e in Marshall Collciye. of Marshall. Texa>. wiierc he studied under the direction of the we'd known I'r^.fe-s.r llass. He thus ac(|uired a ,t;ood colies;'e education, and with this ti> serxe as a f anidaiii n upon whicli to erect the superstructinx' of professionrd kniiwled^ie he to k up th.e study of law and now practices in both the Choetaw and I'nitcd States courts. His Collegiate course, however, was interrupted Iw I is service in tlie Civil war. In iSoi he enli.-ted in. the C .nfcder.ate army ;a Marshall. Texas. juUtinLi- a-ide his texi-l:..ok- in order to render aid to the soni'.i. He joined Company D. Seveiuh Texas Infantry, luider command <<\ Ca])ta!n \'an Zandt and Colonel (Ire,L;.i,^ The reqiment wa> rrrdered ti_^ Keninckx'. after- ward moved forward to remic-see and there the Judi^e p.articipaieil in tlie battle of Fort Donclson. where be was cajiturcd. beinj; held .-;s a iiris^ner of war at Cam]) ])ou«Ias. near Ciiicaj.^0, Illinois, for -even n:.'nih<. .\fter bein.q' released he iiarticipatcd in the eni^at;"ement at I'l ri Hud- 'U. I.onisi.ana, thence went to \'icksburg-. assi-tiiiL;' in th.e defcn-e of that city, .\fter its capitulation he wa.s exehant^'ed and fouL;lu wiili hi- ret^iment in ih ■ -;ini;uinary cng-asiemenls at Mi<-ionary Rid^e. Chickaman.ua. .\il,anta and in all the -e\ ere liattles of that c.inipaisn. In ihi- service his brii^a.'e cinnmander was (ien- cral (iranlierry. tlie divi-i..n O'nimander (ieneral Talrick Cleburne, of Helena, Arkansas, and the corjis commander (leneral Hardy. .\t I.inejoy Station our subject was transferrcil to the artillery conip.uiy of bis br: ther. C;ipiain H. C. Hynson. attached to the trans-Mississijjpi depann-eiit and came to the west. Init saw no lU'-re active tlojitin^-. When tiie war ended tlie army was disbanded and be returned to jiis I1. .me. '

In lS()0 Jud^e 1 fynson arrived in the ClMctaw nation, but did not m;ike a permanent locaii.iU here until iSj.v Howe\er. tbr..ut;h tuenly-eiL;lit years lie has been a re-ident of this p^rti. n of t'le territ.iry. and has duriuLi' the periofl been poHiiinently identit'icd with its leadinjj- enterpri-es. He lias en- S'apfcd in teacbini;' school, has been a succes>ful merchant, has practiced law and followed farmiuL;-. His bonie jdace is a hue l"arni. five miles -..nth of Goodland, but since the death of his wife he has resi.led in the town, cixincr

492 HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY.

liis atteiitiun to lii.> law practice aiiil i,a-neral Inisincss interests. For a number of years he has acteil un nunieri'iis > ccaMi n- a> circuit judye pro tcin fur the circuit court of tiie third district, and has al- i served as clerk of the district. The home life of ludye livnsuu has ever hccn verv pleasant. In early man- hood he wedded Miss'.Minie ]'. Turnlmll, a dau-lUer of Jud-e J. 1'. Tu'rnbuli now deceased, who was supreme judpje, clerk uf the supreme court and sec- retary of the Choctaw nation. He was also a Presbyterian minister and sujjcr- intcndent of scliools and was very prominent in public affairs, especially in professional life and along those lines which contribute to the advancement and improvement of the conmiunity. Mrs. iIyn>Mn was called to her fnial rest in February, 1898, leaving two children, .Mrs. Alice i\I. \Vilson and I'erry L. The Judge is regarded as a leading man in the Choctaw nation, his opinions being taken as authority upon many matters of general interest. He is thoroughly well posted concerning the history of the nation, and aside from his professional work he is known as a kind and reliable counsellor who within >lds his friendship from no worthy person.

ALEX.VXDER S. WildJAMS.

A representative of the ^^leihodist mini:-try in the Choctaw nation is the r.ev. Alexander S. Williams, who was born in Xashoba county, in this nation, December 2, 1S68, a son of Sylvester P. Williams, a Choctaw Indian, who was also born in Nashoba county. As a life work he followed farming and stock-raising and found it a profitable manner of gaining a livelihood. At the time of the Civil war he ser\ed as a Confederate soldier in General Cooper's brigade, and he died in Xashuba county in the year 1879. Our .subject cannot remember hi- miiiher, fur >lic ijietl when he was abnut three niontlis old; however, she wa.- a Chuclaw and silent her entire life in Xashoba county.

During the period of his buyh.>, id and youth Rev. Willi;un5 spent almost his entire time in the acc|uirement of a good edncatinn. He was first a student in the neighborhood schools and later he spent three years at Spencer Acad- emy, while for nearly a year he was a student in Roanoke College, at Salem, Virginia. After he returned from cnllege he engaged in teaching school in Nashoba county for twi> year<, ])roving a V(.ry c.ipable educator. In 1S91 he was elected a representative fomi his nati\e c-'unty to the (."hndaw national council, in which he served for tii\n- succeeding years, during whicli ]ieriMd be was a member of the finance cmnhuee. in iSi;.]. he became school trustee for the second district of the Choctaw nation, serving as such for two years. He was also a member of the first comntittee that was ajipiiinted by the Choct.aw. government to treat with the Dawes' Commission. During this time the Rev. Williams had been jireparing f-r the mini-tr\- of ih^ Mellm.list Iqii-ci ipal church, S(.ntli, ;iiid in iSijO w.i- ;idinitted a> .'i regular preacher in the Imlian Mission conference of the Methodi-t church, llis tirst cliagc was t.> Alikchi circuit, where he preached for Iwi years. He next became pastor of tlie

HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY. 493

Clear Creek circuit, but ;iiier a year returned to his fust charge, wiicre he continued fur one }ear. lu 1S98 he was appointed a minister on the Sugar Loaf circuit, which pu^iiivu lie is now filling, preaching to seven different congregations of Choctaw s through this section, lie is alsj an interpreter for Rev. Milton A. Clark, presiding eider for the Chuctaw district of the Indian Mission conference.

In 1^88 Rev. Williams was united in marriage to iVliss Cillis Juhnsuii. a Choctaw and a native of Xashoba county. They have one hving^ child. Florence. and thev also lost a son. Keener. They make their home in Conser. Indian Territorv. where Rev. Williams is filling the p 'silion of postmaster. He is liighly esteemed as a citizen and public ollicer ami is regarded as one of the leading ministers of his denomination in the territory, being an earnest and con\'incing speaker, his label's resulting in great go.;'d au'.ong the congrega- tions to which he preaches.

WILLIAM II. DUII1:RTV.

William II. Doherty. a merchant and miller, resitling at Grove, wa^ hjvn in Goingsnake district, in the eastern nart of the Cherokee nation. Imlian Territory, in 1863. His father, John Doherty. was born in Georgia and was one-fourth Cherokee. He came to the Indian Tcrrii.iry about 1S30. and being a large slaveholder he brought with b.im many r.egr'cs. Here he spent his remaining days and at the lime of the Civil war he joined the L"nii n forces and loyally aided his country. He diied in Gr'i\e in 1885. at the age of seventy years. About the beginning of the Civil war he married .Miss Caroline Lo\'e. who was a half-blooil Chemkee. burn in Georgia, and a daughter of Watt Li'ive. She came to the Indian Tcrrilorv with her pareaits in 1828, tiie family being among the earliest settlers and land owners here.

In his parents' home Wiliani IT. DoI:eriy was reared and in the Oak Grove sclioolhouse. in the Goingsnake district of the Cherokee nation, he pursued his education. He remained upon the hon^e farm until sixteen years of age and then came to Grove., Eight years ago he embarked in general merehandi-ing and has since conducted his enterprise, meeting witii ever increasing success. He carries a large and well selected stock of goods, and his rcasonalile prices, earnest desire to please his patrons and iionorable dealing have secured to him a growing trade. He is also the owner of the Grove Rolling Mill which he purchased and practically relmili two ye;M-< ag", lilting it uji with .-i complete roller jirocess. That to.) is proving a iirnliiable source oi' income for him, for the excellence of die mill products secures a ready sale on the market.

The lady who now bears the name of Mrs. Doherty was m her maiden- hood I\liss ^lollie Hampton, a daughter of Harvey and Elizabeth (Louder- milk) Hampt'in. natives of North Carolina, in which state they were married, Subscquentlv they removed to Tennessee, where Mrs. 1 )'Mierty wa< l-crn. and in 1874 thev came to the Indian Territ'n-\- wliere her fatlici- still resides, but her mother has now pas-ed away. Mr. Hampton was a I'nii.n scout iu the Civil

494 HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY.

war and saw service all tlirunf::h the ci'iiilict in the mountainous rcgic'ns of North Carolina, Virginia, eastern Tennc>r-cc and other districts. He was with General Thomas when that commander fell back from Atlanta to Nashville, and was with General Sherman at Nashville when Longstreet besieged the cit}'. He performed very important service through his scouting engagement, learning many things in his connection with military attairs that proved of value to the army which he represented. The paternal great-grandfather of ]\Irs. Doherty was a Cherokee Indian, but on the maternal side her people be- longed to the white race. Both her paternal and maternal great-grandfathers were soldiers under General Jacks'jn in the Creek Indian war, and both were killed. Unto JNIr. and ]\lrs. Doherty ha\e l)een born the following five chil- dren : Josie and Claude H., who are attending the Neosho College, in Neosho, Missouri; William H.. John H. and i'ercy.

In his political views ^Ir. Doherty is a Democrat. He served for two terms, in 1895-6, in the Cherokee national council, proving a capable and trust- worthy officer who labored earnestly for the best interests of the peojile whom he represented. He and his wife hold me;nbor>hip in the Rajitist church and contribute liberally to its support. He is ■ ne of the leading representatives in the commercial and industrial interests of Grove and oul- of the most highly esteemed citizens of the town.

REV. V1LLL-\^I H. ^IcKINNEV.

The history of a state as v,-ell as that of a nation i-; cbielly the cln-uiiicle of the lives and deeds of lli'.se who have conferred honor ami digniiy upon society. The world judges the character of a conmiunity by that of its repre- sentative citizens and yiekls iis tributes of admiration and respect for the genius, learning or virtues of those who^^e w.,rks and actions con.stitute the record of a state's prosperity and pride: aiid it is in their character, as exempli- fied in probitv and benevolence, kindly virtues and integrity in the affairs of life, that they are affording wr.rihy CN-amples for emuIali'Mi and valuable les- sons of incentive.

The Rev. William Harrison McKinney. one of the UT^-^t prominent and influential men of the Ch"Ctaw nation, was born in Nashoba county, in 1S62. His parents were full-blo,.,! Choctaws. The father, ^ilateiiabi, was born in the Choctaw nation, served as a Confederate captain in the Ci\-il war, and died in the vear i8(')S. while the mother of our subject jiassctl away in 1S-7. 'J'lieir son, Thouiiison McKinuey, served as governor of the Choctaw nation from 1S86 until 1888. .Mthough like most of his people Mr. \lcKinney follows agricultural pursuits, early in lil'e lie determined to devote bis time and atten- tion to the work of the ministry and jilanned his education accordingly. He first -tudied in the neighb' .rhoi'ul schoo'-, of hi< n;itive c-nnty and ;itU'r\\anl attended Si.eiirer Academv. near (loo.ll.-.u.l. later, t.aking ;i full co-r-^e in Ko.-moke College, in .^aleni.' \irgini;i. wliere he wa^ "grauated with tlie rl:!- of

1745953

HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY. ' 495

the regular thecJog-ical ccnir-c in tlic Vale Divinity School, at New Haven, Connecticut, and was graduatetl in 1886. Broad and comprehensive is the knowledge that he has acijuircd, and he is to-day recognized as a man of splendid scholarly attainments, heading and investigation are C'intinually adding to his fund of information and he is a special student of tiic questions concerning man"s future welfare and his conduct upon this earth. 1 le is now attached to the Indian ]\lis-ion Conference of the .Methodist Episcopal church, South, and has charge of the Kiamiclii circuit. He received the degrees of hachelor ui arts and master of arts in Koani.ike College, while that of hachelor of (li\iniiv wa- c 'nfcrred upon him at Y:i\c.

Mr. .McKmnev al~o carries on agricultural pur.Miiis. and at the present time resides upon his farm .-ix miles we-t of Antler^. He also ha? two farms in Xashoba countv, owning ahogetlier a1)out five hundred acres of valuable land, whose rich har\-est> thid a ready .~ale on the market, bringing to him a good return. iM-omineut in i)ublic affairs, he filled the ofiice of school trustee "of the second district f. ir ■ aie term, and since i8S6 has been tiie official interpreter for the Choctaw national council.

The lad\ wlio licars the name of Mr-. McKinney was in her maidenhood Mi,-s Phebe I'ayne. S!ie i< a Clmctaw Indian, and by her marriage ha< I'jcome the mother of cine child. Xarcissy. Ai this p:.int it w uld be almost tautologi- cal to enter into any series of statements as showing Kev. McKinney to be a man of broad intelligence and genuine puldic Pi)iril. for these have been shadowfd forth between the lines of this review. Strong in his individuality, he ne\cr lacks the courage of his convictions, but there are as dominating ele- ment< in his individuality a lively human sympathy and an abiding charity, which. a> taken in connection with the sU-rling integrity and honor of his char- acter. iia\e naturallv gained to hiiu the rcsp^'ct and confidence of men.

J. L. CAMlTd'LL.

Texas has furnished m.any of the leading residents of the Indian Terri- torv. among which number is J. L. Campbell, who now resides in .Minco. He wa'-; born in the town of M-r-an. rjos(|ue coinuv. Texas, on tlie 17th of lulv. 1N7J. and is a son 01 I. M. e'am],be!l. 'i'hc imlilic schools of his native state afforded the educational iirivileges which he enjoyed in his vonth an^! whicli fitted hiiti for life's practical duties. In iSSS 'he c;\nie to tlie Territ.uy :^ct- tling in the Chickas.aw nation, where lie h;is resided cotitinuouslv since, cover- ing^a period of thirteen cousecutne ^ears. 1 le is a very successful farmer and stock-man and i- the owner ..f tlnrtV-one Imndred and thirty acres, all but ten acre< of which are under cuUivatl' m : and he lias two thousand acres in pastm-e. and keeps on hand ab.nt eig'.it hundred head of cattle. In a.ldition to his agricultural pursuits Mr. Camiibell does an extensive business as a contractor and I'.auling and building t.anks. It Is evident at a glance that a large force 01 men are neccssarv to cnltiv.ate his exteiisixe farm and care for his stock.

496 ■ HISTORY OF IXDI.-IX TERRITORY.

He keeps his place in j^-nod C' iiiliiii'U ;m!i1 the wi.rk nt ini[)rn\ enieiu ami progress is beiny cuntinuall_\ carried f'Twanl ami atleii.'.eil with pr^-pcrity. On the 22d of Jciuuary. i.^-'jj. .Mr. Camjiheil was unit.'i in niarna_i;e to Miss Annie Catlierine Denny, a nati\e "I i'.uihn-to.i. Kan-as. a a! a uauyh- ter of Genr^e and Kate Denu}. J'nur cniidreii L;race liieir niarnaye : Charlie George, IJenry Lee, Irene and i■'ranci^. '1 hey a;e al.-u rearnig a ■j.lvl named- I'earl Snyder. Tiiey lune a pleasant h.jnie in Mincu and enju} I'le friendship cf a large circle of acquairitance^ hy wh'.'m they are held in high esteem.

^J.VRTIX V. CIIK.VDLi:.

In public affairs I\lartin \'an IJuren Chcidle has exevci-ed a jiractical and beneficial inlluence ;;nd has been lionored with a nnmber ot ijusitioii; wf public trust. He was born in Scullyville. ChLCtaw I'.alicm, ^larch 18. 1S5O. and when four years of age acconijianied iiis parents, Thomas b'leining and Rebecca ( Riddle) Cheadlc, to the Chickasaw nation, the family locating on Blue creek, near Tishomingo. His parents are both now decease 1. The son aitcndetl the local neighborhood schools for five years ami then began his studies in Lliicka- saw Acadeinv, three miles east of Tishinningo. When he had completed his education he prepared for the pr..ifcssi"n of law, and, having been ad.mitteil to the bar. he began practice, wiiich i)r.iie--i' 'ii he has since iMll,)wed. lie owns ? fine farm n<;rtheast of Tishomingo an.d iia- nuc hundred ,ai;d iiii\- acre- under cultivation, !iis principal cn'ips being chiton and corn. Me >upvriineiid> th.e management of this property in addition t" ibe iiractice of law. in which lie has a large clientage. lie is recognized as 1 ne "f the leading men of l.i- profession in thi^ portion of the Territory' and has conducted .-ome im[)ortant litigation.

hi public affairs Mr. Clieadle i.- prominent and is a well known factor in political matters. He was the clerk of the district court one season and clerk of the grand jury for ten years. He has al~o been the clerk of the li.',u>e of representatives and the secretary of the senate fi.>r a numlier of terms. He was tile national secretary for four years and f"r ~i.K years was the auditor of public accounts. He has three times declined the nomination for governor, although much personal inlluence and pressure ha- been brought to bear upon him to accept it. His fellow townsmen, recogni/ing his ability and fidelity t.i duty. Iiave thus honored him with public oflice and would confer np^n him still greater honors did he not refuse, ."-^'iciidlv he is a member iH Tish.Mningo Lodge, Xo. 77. V. S: A. M.

In February. iSSo. w.i- celebrated the liiarriage of Mr. Martin Man ?<uren Chcadle and ^li-- .Alary Fdlis. a dtiugliter of lU-njamin and Susan ('Starr). Ellis. They now- have four children, three sons and a daughter, namely: 'fhomas D., Overton, Lurana and F.lli-. The t'amily is one of ]irominence in the community and the household, i- noted for its gracious hospitality. !Mr. Cheadle is a man possessed of that true, often rare, quality of common >en<e which enables him to view matters in their true and practical light. He is loyal and patriotic, placing c^'untry before luirty anil the public gooil before

ntf^A^y^

HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY. 497

sclf-ai^grandiztmcnt : ainl tlHjUL;h he has l.iccn hunia'Cil with liii;!! Mfticc he is exceptioiiaily (jiiick to rec' i,L;iii/e real wurth in uthers, ni> matter hjw Iiumhle tlieir ^tatill^ in ht"e.

ALl'.F.RT E. ]'.( )XX1;LL.

In \v> prole-sinn lias there been -uch r.iarked advancemeni durinq- the past halt century as in the dental. Xew method? have l)eeii introducLil. improve- ments made and principles promulgated that have made dentistry not only a science but a great art, philanthropic and universal throughout Christendom, and its followers must po>-css a mechanical ingcnuitv un?uri)assed in anv other walk of life.

Dr. Jlonnell, who is now successfully practicing- in Muskogee and i< tlior- ouglily abreast with the limes in the progress that has been made, was born in Cas.sopolis, Michigan. !May 24. 1S6;, a s^ju rif David W. and Mary 1 W'yaitj Bonncll. both of whom are now deceased. Until thirteen years of age he at- tended the public <cln.<ols and after the family removed to P.eulah. Crawford county. l\aii>a-. he continued his sludie- muil eighteen years of age. Me then entered upon his I)U>iness career with a stone c«-'iUract' r. He was after- ward empli;\ed in a general mercantile st'jre in Cher.i!;ee. Kansas, wlicre he remaiuet! fi.ir fom- years, when, determining to de\oti,' hi-, time and talents to ])rofes>ional work, he entered the oftice of I^r. \\'a<le. with wlnni he -studied denti-try. Jie was iir-tnicted by him in the practice as well as the theorv (if the deiUal profL'--ion, ;mtl in iSSS came to Mu-kr.gee. wlrjix' he opened an oflice. Aftei' practicing for three }eai-- he pur.-nc! a course of study in the dental deparlnieut of tin.' Lhiiver-uy of lowa. and further i>erf.-cled his knowledge by a course in the We.-teru Den'ial College, of Kan-as City, graduating at th.at in"- stitutiou iii iNi;_:; with high honors, at the clo-c of the term, and receiving the class medal awarded to the one nio-t (.ilicient in crown and bridge w.irk. and also rccei\'ing the highest iierceniage in laboratory and opcrati\'c work in his clas.s. Ivetmaiiug to bis ])ractice Dr. Ilonneil secured the best cr]uipmeuts and appliance? ti_> be found, ar.d he U'-w h;i> a line oliice, whvre he i-- doing business with an extensive patronage, llis ilcntal rooms ai'e the hnest in the Indian Territor\- and rua- C'luiiiped with e\erv faciliix' known to modern iiractice.

On'tlie _Mst of Ociobvr. 1 S./., tli'e D ctoV u;,. united in marriage t- Mi.-s Bessie W ier, of S.ir.li^. .\!i"i>Mppi. who w:i- former! v a lea.cher oi niuMC at llarell Institute. Siie i? a d.an-iuer of Rev. T. C". Wier. , f the North .Mississ- ippi confcrenceof ilu- Muiliod.i-i l-.pisc. pal church. S-uth. Tla- Docl r.an.' hi- wife now have ;m nuere-ting little dattL^htei-. .Mary l".li>.,abeth. Dr. Ilonneil is very prominent in church \\oik. having t.aken an active pan in ii> progre-'i\e movements since iniiting with the chiu'ch in 1NS4. lie was a]ipointed the chairm.an of the l',]]Wortii League boaid f' ^r tlie itidi.an mission conference of the Aletbodi>t l-.pi>c..pal cliurch. .Sontli. in iS,,,:;. .and in the foljouing year he organized the Territorial I'.pur.rth League, of which f. >i- the past five years he has licen the presideiU. lie has aLo been the sU])erintendent of the Sunday-

49S IlISTORV OF IXDIJX TERRITORY.

schuul since iH'/>. Ot tiic Rcimljlican party he is a stalwart Mii)[)orter, and in the Knights of i'ythias fraternity he hokls nicmbership, and lias represented the order at its t(rand meeiings. lie is a very affable gentleman, uf kindly nature and genial di^pllsitil•n. and. aljove all, of high moral qualities. Besides his splendid business (jualiiieati'-ins he is endowed largely with social faculties and is pojndar wherever he is known.

JAMES M. HALL.

James ^L Hall, of Tulia. was born near Nashville, Tennessee, December 4, 1851, his parents being Hugh A. and Esther (Ramsey) ILall, both of whom are now deceased. His early education was acquired in the public schools of liis native state, and at the age of seventeen he removed to Oswego, Kansas, where he continued his studies. On putting aside his text-books and entering upon his business career he secured a situation in a mercantile establishment. The year 1S71 witnessed his arrival in Mc.Mestcr, Lidian Territory, where he had charge of the store of the Osage Coal & }ilining Company, remaining in charge there four years. On t'ne e.xpiratii.n of that period he returned to Os- wego, Kansas, where he continued to make liis home until 1SS2, when he once more came to the Territory and established his large general mercantile busi- ness in Tulsa. It is now one of the most extensive stores in the Territory. Pie carries a well selected stock of gO'Hls and lias a very liberal patronage, owing to his reasonable prices, his fair dealing and his courteous and obliging manner. He is at the head of the T. ^l. Hall Trading Company at Henrietta, this Territory. He is the vice-president of the City National Bank and the president of the Tulsa sch<iol l»_'ard.

]\Ir. Hall is a member ui the .\ncieni (Jrder <<i rnited Workmen and "l the Knights of Tythias. In religious faitii he i~ a I'resljyterian and in p'-'ltiie;d lielief a Democrat. In busir.ess at'fairs he has met with marked Miece>s. sti\'i<l- ily working his way upward. He has overenine all the iL>taeles aih! difli- cultics in his path, and by determined purinise and resolute will ha> won a place among the most prosperous and extensive merchants in Indian '{"erriiory.

He was married to Jennie Siringl'ield. a daughter of 1\ StringlicM. of Greenfield. ^Missouri. Thev have live children: Xita. who is the wife of F. J. .^cott. of 'inlsa. Indian Territory, bv wlioni siie has one eliild, Mildred; and Lena, Hugh, Kalhryn and Harry, who are still with their parents.

	WILLIAM ]■.. k()(',!	i-:ks.
\\'i!liani E. K <it South McAle-t. May. 1S59. His | deceased. His ear	ogers, who i, >\- \, >uv yv.n— li;i .•r. wa- born in \\'cak'e\- c. - Kircnts. Jeptl-.a T. nn,l l-.li/.a ly education was acquired a	s been ; iinlv, T belh (( 1 Hick.	I praetilioner at llie bai emu-M'e. on iIil' 1 -;l ol ila^^l Rogers, ai-- both ■ ry ( ii' >\ e Ai'adeiny, in
his native coiunv lca\ing that iiistitii	where he pursued the regul lion he Ijccaine a stixleiit of	ar aead the I-.a	emic course, and after -t Tennessee Weslexan

HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY. 499

University, in which he was gradnated in the class of 1887 with tlie degree of Bachelor of Science. 'J'hiis well equipped by a thoruugli educational train- ing for any of the professions which demand superior intellectual advance- ment, he went to Cooke county, Texas, where he was engaged in teaching, proving a competent instructor, owing to his ability to impart clearly and con- cisely to others the knowledge he had acquired. While engaged in teaching he devoted all of his leisure time outside of the schoolroom to the mastery of the principles of jurisprudence, and in 1S89 he successfully passed the examina- tion which secured his admission to the bar in Decatur, Texas : he then opened an oflice for practice in Gainesville, that state. In 1S9J he was elected prose- cuting attorney of Cooke county. He filled the office so ably that in iSc;4 he was re-elected and thus served until 1896, in which year he came to South IMcAlester. As a member of the bar at this place he has won distinction by reason of his thorough preparation of his cases, his de\otion to his clients' interest and his able manner of handling the puims in liligati'.n betVire court or jury.

In 1891 an important event in the life of Mr. Rogers nccurred. his mar- riage to Miss Lola C. Wells, a daughter of J. B. Wells, of Era. Cooke county, Texas. He is a member of the Indian Territory Bar Association and is a Democrat in his political views. Well endowed by nature, his abilities, both natural and acquired, tit him to occupy a position of distinction in the line of his chosen profession, and he is steadily advancing to a foremost place as a representative of the legal fraternity.

W^ILLIAM LOG AX.

In Peoria and vicinity William Logan is known as Undo Billy bv his large circle of friends who entertain for him the h.ighest regard. He follows farm- ing one and a fourth miles north of Peoria and owns two hundred and forty acres of land, liaving in the home farm one hundred and sixtv acres, which is situated in the Ouaj)aw agency. In addiiiMU he also has eighty acre? i.m the prairie across Spring river.

j\Ir. Logan was born in Indiana in 1839. His iiaternal grantlfather, Joseph Logan. wa< a >iildier in the war of 1812, scr\-ing in ilie American annw Alexan«ler A. Logar.. the father of our .-ubjecl, was born in Kentucky and after arriving at year> "i maturity he marricil Mi<s Cornelia IMcCi ilium, wb.o was l)orn in this C'unitrv aluM-^l imniedi.-iielv after her parents' arrival foin Ire- land. The m.-irriage ..f .Mr. and Mrs. t.ngan was celebrated in Indiana, and kith died in K:iii-;is. the father departing tlii> life in Liim county. They had one sun. Janie- C. who served as a Union soldier in the Civil war, joining the army as a nieniber of a Kan-as regiment.

William l.o-an, r,i' this review, was reared \\\'i'm hU f;ither's farm and with his parents he remo\ed to b.\v:i in 1834, tlie l.nnily going tlic succeeding year to Washington county, that >tate, after whicii they renio\ed to Linn cr.n'ntv. Kansas, setthiig upon a f.irm there. In the spring of iSoo he went .aer.iSs the

500 lIISTORy 01' IXDIAX TERIUTORY.

[>lains to California with an eniigrani train, lie had many ad\cnturt;> and narrow escapes from the Indians, lie eng"at;cd in the sawmill business in the Golden state until i86y, when he returned lo the cast and took up his abode in Jefiferson county, Arkansas, where he also operated a sawmill f(.ir twenty years. His business prospered and he won thereby a cmfortable conipeleiice. On the exi^iration of that period he came to the Indian Territory and purchased his present farm of one hundred and sixty acres in the (Juapaw reservation, and he now has an additional eighty acres on the prairie across Spring river. He tarries on general farming, making a specialty of corn and also raises hogs on quite an extensive scale.

On the 1st of January, 1871, Mr. Lcigan was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Imbeau, a daughter (_.f l-'rank Imljean, who was a I'rench Ouapaw. Mrs. Logan was born in Jefferson county, .Arkansas, and there her marriage occurred. She died on the home farm in the (.Jua])aw agency December 16, 1895. JMr. Logan is a Republican in his ])olitical views, having supported that party since he cast his first presidential V(.ite f(>r Abraham Lincoln for his second term. He is also a Methodist and a member of the Good Templars. He takes an active interest in everything pertaining to the welfare of the com- munity and gives his support to all measures calculated to u])lift: his fellow men. He was elected an alternate delegate with the hulian 'i'erritory delegation to the Repul)lican national convention in jyoo. He is (_>ne of the .-<ilid and snb-tan- tial residents of the community, his quiet and ima^suming manner and kindh- disposition make him popular. He is a goi_»d neii^hb.ir and friend and no one in his section of the Territory more deserves the ropect of all with wli^m he is associated than Uncle P>illy 1-ogan.

\\'. D. r,.\ii.i:v.

W. D. Bailcv was ])orn in Arkan-as, in 1847. and when a child of three ycar^ Asas taken im Texa.. l,v hi-, iKireni>, W. S. and Ciiri>tian;.. ( McKellar) Bailey, nati\es of ]'eter>burg. X'irginia. and Squill Larulina. respectively. They were married in .\rkan--as, and In ah tlie father ami motlier departed this life in Texas. They were the parents of six clnldven, and four are yet living. Mr. Railey devoted his life to tlie care of a plant.ili.m. anil thus ])rovided com- fortably for the support of Iiis family. Socially he was identified with the jMasonic fraternitv and was an exemplarv representative of the craft.

In the public'sch.K.ls of Texa:; W. 1)^ T.ailev. of lln> review, ina^iered the liranch.cs of l-JigliMi learning u>ually lauuht in' >ucli in-tituti. .n-;. He was a youth of only sixteen years when iie entered the l' m federate armv. e>pMusiiig the cause of i;i- I.ixed ^.iuilikin<l and aidiii-- in defeii-e "f the priiicii.'le- whh which he had been I'amiliar from hi- bMvhnn,!. 1 le became a member mi" C ,,1- pany H, -.f the regiment cuinmanded bv (.'mImikI Uates. and w;i- eng;i-ed in mili'tary duly nii r,i;i:'<i,. river at M-.nith and \"ela>co. thus s.-rving until the close of the war. Since that time hi- attenlinn h;'.- been gi\fn in .-in umlixMed. manner to farming anil stock-raising. In 1S7J5 he came tn the 'i'eniti^ry. >et-

HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY. 501

tlin,';- at I'-n.^-.i,'} DcpMt. in t'.ie ClMctaw natinn. He lias ^iIlce resided either in the L'h'ctau cir Chicka>a\v natiMU-;. heing a resident uf the latter tnr nairteea years. He ni>\\ nun- a farm ah' >ui f.^ur miles from Chickasha, of which eight Inmdred acre^ i> inidcr cuilixati-'ii. while extensive tracts are devoted to pasture land.-. It will tlui.- he seen that he carries on farming on a very extensive bcale. and tlie lar,L;e cr"[)S which he annually harve>ls bring to him a sjiiendid fmancial return and annually increase his bank accomit. He is progressive ami enterprising in his luetiiods, aud his diligence and careful supervision have made hiiu one of the p.msperi.ius men of tliis portion of the country.

.Mr. Jlailoy w a> married, in 1874. to Miss Clementine Matilda Pjuckholts, a nati\e .>i the L'hi>ctau nation aud a daughter of William and Matilda (Xull) llurkholt-, the farmer a Choctaw, while the mother was a white woman. Her father new re-ide- near H"ggy Depot, in tlic Clii:ctaw nation. The marriage 01 .Mr. and .Mr-. I'.ailey has been blessed with fnur children, as ii lliiws; Emma, will) w;is educated in Texas: Hubbard, deceased: llnone, who was educated in Felt W'.irth. '{'exa-, and in the .Vrkansas Cnivcrsity. and is n.>w a farmer by occuii;iti"n: and J. (n.uld. wh.i was also educated in Fort Worth and the Ar- kan-a.-, Cniversiiy. lie, tuo. gives his lime and energies to agricultural pur- snit>. Mr. ami .Mrs, llailey also have an ado])ied d.'uighter. Clementine P. I'lalM. a niece "i .Mr>. I'.ailey. ."Socially our subject is identified with W'a-liita \'alk-y L ulge. K. \\ 1 le is nmv ]. radically living retired in Chickasha. his farm li'-ing iiperateil by other-, it yiekling ti> him a lumdMiuie linancial return, which make- labi.r uiinece--ary to him.

D.V\"Jn WILLIAM.^.

n;i\id William-, who is one rif the honorcil \ctcrans of the Civil war .-ni.l r.ou a re-idenl of Wynnewo. id. Indian Territor_\-. w;is born in the Fnijiire state, on the .V'lli "f Si.ptcnil.er. iS;,j. During his boyhood he accomp;uiied his par- ents. J o-eph ami k',ll/a j. W illiams. to lllinoi-. The father was an engineer and followed that pur-uii throughout the greater part of his business career. I'.oih he and his wife -iiem their remaining days in the T^■airie state.

Cajitain Wilhani-. wlio.-e name intrnduces this record, olitained his educa- tion in Illinois and remained there throughout tlie period of his youth. In Au,gu.-t, iS'iJ. when the countrv was engai^ed in l."i\il war. he v huiteered as a member .if (.■omprmy (,", (hie llumlre 1 and I'llteeiuh Illinois lnf;intry, and be- came the captain of liu- comp.aiiy, in which cap;iciiy he -erved until tlie llag of the nation wa- pl.nited o\i.i- the -oni'.iern confederacy, lli- deeds of v;il'>r and braverv were an in-p;r;ili. n to his men. who lovallv follow rd him into the thicke.-t of the tight. 1 le iKirticipated in the battl'- o'f Cliick:niia!i ,a, l.o kout Mount;nn. I'rankhn. Tenne-ee. and many ^kirnli-lIe^. and wa- aK\;iy- foun<l at his po-t of dntv.

In iSSo Cap't.iin William^ removed from Illinois to Kan-iis. and in iSSu.

After ;. -boVt re-ideiice at I'auk.- \':illey. he t'..".k np his abode in Wynncwi od,

502 HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY.

where he has since occupied the pusitiuii of notary puliHc. He also served in that capacity in Illinois and in Kansas, filling- the position in all for about forty years. In Wabasli county, Illinois, he was a magistrate for eight years, and was also the postmaster at Friendsville, that state. His public dutieshave ever been discharged with promptness and tidelity, and he has thus won higii ct-mi- niendation from all concerned.

In 185S Captain Williams led to the marriage altar Miss Harriet Ballard, and they have had six children, namely : James A., George A., Clarence D., John R., Elmer G. and Harriet R. James A. married Miss Mattie Martin and has one son, named Erma D. J(jhn R. married Miss Lizzie Lynch and their children are Emmet, Dean and Glinn. Elmer G. married Aliss Isabell Cloud and their children are Mabel and Leala. Harriet R. became the wife of T. C. Hamilton and they have one child, named William F. George A. and Clarence D. are single.

The Captain has formed a wide acriuaintance during his residence in Wynnewood, and his many excellencies of character have gained him warm regard. As a citizen he is as true to his duties and his country to-day as when he followed the starry banner upon southern battle-fields.

JESSE M. ROBDERSON.

Jesse jM. Robberson is actively connected with the business interests of the Chickasaw nation as proprietor of a general-merchandise store and a cotton- gin, and as a dealer in mules, many of which he raises. He was born in Cedar county, Missouri, August 4, 1855, and there spent the first six years of his life, after which he went to Dade county. Missouri, in company with his par- ents, Richard Allen and Maria H. (^litchell) Robberson. The family re- mained in that locality until 1865 and then went to Polk county, Missouri renting a farm near Brighton. The subject of this review was employed upon the home farm during the years of their residence there. They tlien went to Pleasant Hope or Pinhook as it is now called, continuing- at that place for two years, when the father took his family to a tract of one hundred and sixty acres of unimproved timber land, which his son cleared and reduced It culti- vation. He at length sold the farm and came to Paul's Valley, where he re- mained till his death, September 11, 1878; but was survived by his widow for about six years, her death occurring on the 4th of March, 1884.

Jesse M. Robberson continued to aid in the operation of the home farm until 1874, when he tiiok up his atodc in Paul's Valley in the Indian Territory and in connection with his father f(jllowed farming for a year. In 1875 he contracted rheumatism and for five years was practically a cripple. He also suffered with granulated eyelids. Pie worked for Aliller & Green, merchants in Paul's Valley until September, 1878. and then removed to Cooke county, Texas, with the intention of attending scluvi] there, but changed his i>laiis and went to Hall countv, Texas, with a bunch of thirtv-five hundred head of cattle.

HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY. 503

he and his ninther and hnitlier ownin.q- ninety-six head of tliat lot. There also lie \va> en£^a.c;ed in tlie care and raising- of tiie cattle until 18S3. when he sold lint for sixtv-hve hundred d. 'liars, giving- his mother a third of the pro- ceeds.

On the expiratiiiu of that period Mr. RMliljerson. of this review, located at Fort Arliuckle, Texa^, where he was employed fur wag-es in the winter of 1883. In the spring- of 1884 he and his hrother went to 1-lall county, where they ohtained thirteen saddle horses, and then, going to Gainesville. Texas, thev jnirchased three huntlred and thirty-seven head of yeiirlings and drove tiiem to the Grant and Ceeler's ranch, where Chickasha is now located. In this venture thev were in partnership with their brother. W. F. Rohberson. After holding the cattle until they were three years oKl tl'.ey sold them, but realized no profit on the investment. The subject of this review was after- ward employed by Ed Huntley in the cattle business until the succeeding fall. wlien they went to Belcher, Texas, and purchased three hundred and fifty two-year-old steers, driving them to Polk rancii on Mud creek, owned by Florence Hall. The next July they were sold at a profit for fifteen Iiundred dollars. Mr. Robbersnn then took a trip on horseback to Uelcher, Henrietta, and Stevens county on a cattle buying expedition.

After returning home they went to Ouanah. Texas, and purchased two hundred and fifty-one head of three and four-year-okl steers, rounded them up and had them driven to Hamilt.n. that state. Jesse M. Rohberson took charge of a cattle dro\-e to Mud Creek, where he sold one hundred and seventy- seven head to McCaughev Brothers for "feeders." and eighty to his brothers. A. G. and B. \V., and, including the remainder, w-hich he sold the following June, he realized a profit of fifteen hundred dollars.

In the spring of 1889 he dissijlved partnership with his brother and went to Gainesville. Texas, where he purchased three hundred and fifty head of yearlings, which he firove to Mud creek, continuing in the catt'e business at that place until the fall of 1900. when he sold out for twenty-five thousand dollars. In 1890 he establish.ed a general mercantile store in Dixie with his brother, Allen G. The business is still running, under the name of A. G. Robbersrn. In 1893 '^"•^^ subject opened a store of his own at Loco, and is still carrying riu the latter ciuerprise. He is alsd largtly intei'c-ted in th.e raising of mules and ha> i)\ er one hundred head of young mules and horses, which he is holding fir the market. In 1897. in C' nrecti' n with A. S. Hathaway, he erected the cott^'u gin at Loco and the > utput for 1900 was eleven hundred bale>.

On the Ji-t of March. 1898. Mr. Rohberson was united in marriage, at Grandview. Texas, [n Mi-s Xora Conner, a daughter of Dr. L. II. Conner, of that place. They had one child. Jc^se. who was born June 30, 1900, and died on the iJth of Octuher r.f the <aine vear. Mr. Rohberson is a member of Dixie Lodge. Xo. 51. .\. 1'. .V- .\. M.,' and Graham Lodge. Xo. 28. I. O. O. F. Mr. Rohberson i^ a man nf marked energy and indomitable perse\'erance :

50+ HISTORY OF INDIA.X TERRITORY.

he has carried fdruard his Ini-iness interests in an indefatigable manner and is nnw one of tiie snhstantial citizen^ and prosperous sti:ck dealer^ of the Chickasaw nation.

RICHARD BRUXER.

One of the finest farms of the Creel-: nation belongs to Richard Druner, who is extensively and successfully engaged in the raising of the various crops best adapted to this climate. He was born in Concharty, of the Creek nation, in July, 1865, a son of Lunie and Rachel Bruner, both of whom have departed tins life. His educational privileges were received at Asbury Mission, where lie continued his studies for six years. On leaving that school he entered Wooster University, at \\'(X)Ster, Ohio, where he completed the work of tho sophomore year. On his return to the Territory lie entered the employ of Cass Brothers, dealers in general merchandise, in Muskogee, with whom he re- mained for four months, but wishing to further perfect himself for business- life by additional educational facilities, he entered the commercial college at Ouincy, Illinois. On agaui going to his home he secured a situation with Captain F. B. Severs, a prominent business man of ^^uskogee and Okmulgee with whom he continued for three years, but for a year previous was in the service of the Choska Trading Company. He then entered upon an independ- ent business career as a farmer, and now has eight hundred acres of land under cultivation, planted to corn. oats, wheat and cott^'m. His annual harvests add to his income year by year, and supply him with all the comforts and many of the luxuries of life.

In 1889 occurred the marriage of Mr. Bruner and Miss Mary Berryhill, a daughter of William Berryhill, of the Creek nation, and unto them was born one child, in 1894, named Emmett. In 1897 he married Miss Sarah Sarty. daughter of Gugie Sarty, also of the Creek nation. Their («ily son, who bears the name of Dreyfus, was born August 28, 1899.

Mr. Bruner has served as prosecuting attorney of the Creek nation for one term and has held other positions of public trust, having beeii superintendent of the Coweta Mission for tliree years. Of the Methodist Episcopal church. South, he is a member.

GEORGE A. ALl'XAXDER.

Am<"ing those who owe their succe-> in business lite entirely to their own efforts is George Abner Alexander, and uou he is nnmbereil ami^ng the substantial citizens of the Creek natii'u. lie \\;is bom in this nation ^[arch 12, 1842. and at iircscnt resides at Welnmka. His iiarciUs. [ames and Eliz- abeth ( [acobs) Alexander, are both deceased. In the imblic schools of the Creek nation at Asburv missii n lie acquired his education, and on putting aside his textd.o, ks hc'uoiked at farming and -tock^ra'sing. whicli business he has since fi llowed. his untiring encrgv and careful managenieni bringing

'Jt^\^'-

Tiu-iJLr-

HISTORY OP IXDIAN TERRITORY. 505

to him success. In 1S61 lie enlisted in the Creek regiment commanded by L"i'l'>nel Mclnti.sh and his company were under the command of Captain Will- iam Mclnt'ish. He participated in all of the battles and skirmishes of the regiment and rose to the rank of captain, with v.hich title he was mustered out in 1865.

Captain Alexander then returned to the Creek natimi and resumed farm- ing, tie had no money and for some time he worked as a farm hand fc:>r others until he could acquire sufficient capital to enalile him to engage in business on his own account. As the years passed, however, he purchased a small tract of land and from time to time he has added to this until he now has five hundred acres of land under cultivation, and in addition he raises several hundred head of stock annually.

In August. 1861, occurred the marriage of Mr. Alexajider and Miss Xancy Chi>holm. a daughter of John and I'olly Chisholm. of the Clierokee nation. They have six children: Lizzie is the wife of John F. Brown, o: the Seminole nation, and they have five children. — Alice, Josephine. Jackson. Louis and Zola. They also have one child. James, the second of the family, mar- ried Hannah Marnarwee. Robert married Miss Martha Brown and they have; one daughter. Agnes. Mattie is the wife of J. S. Robinson, of \\"etumka, and they have one child, James Abner. Ida is the wife of B. C. Robinson, of \\'etumka, by whom she has a son. George. John married Miss Hettie Don- son and they have one living child. Mattie. and have lost six children, namely : Louis, who married Miss Leah Bruner and they had two children, Cora and Lucy; Frank, Cogee. Millie. George and Xathan.

For the past sixteen years Mr. Alexander has been a member of the house of kings and for four years served as president of that body. In iS()_^. 1894. i8<j6 and igoo he was a delegate to Washington to represent hi> natimi in the settlement of tiieir affairs in that city. At the last election he was chosen treasurer of the natiiMi. For eight years he was chairman nf the educational committee and was a member of the first commission appointed to make a treaty with the Dawes commission in 1897. also a commission i>f the last treaty. 1900. He has been an active factor in shaping the policx of his nation and in the management of its public interests and well merits the trust reposed in him. Religiously he is a memlKT of the Baptist church.

PFKCV L. WALKF.R.

Percy Ladd Walker, a-ir^tant p. i^ti Icailing citizens of the r)ela\vare district the i>t of Se])temlK'r. iS4<). in W'vand City now stands, and i- a ^oii of Mathe and' grandson of John W. and L\(lia 1 Br whose ancestors came to tin- countr\- in ter, Mrs. Lillian W. Hale. (,t Kan^as'Cit a communion cup which was l)rought t'

na-tcr r,f () li the Ciior. ■ ite countv. V K. and L'	geechcj. and one ■ f tb.c ■kee nation, was born on l\ansa^. where I\;in>as aha 1'.. ( Ladd 1 Walker,
.un) Ladd.' tlic Maytl..	nati\cs of Khude Island, wer. ( )nr snlijecl's <is-
>■. Kansa-. n lbi> countr	ow has in her possession V in that hi-~tor:o \cs<cl.

5o6 HISTORY OF INDIAN TERRITORY.

and wliich has since been handed down to the eldest daughter of tlie family, named Lydia. Our subject's paternal grandparents were William. Sr., and Catherine (Rankin) Walker. William Walker, Sr., was stolen by the Indians during infancy, and later became an interpreter for William Henry Harrison, being master of several Indian languages as well as the French and English. He was Indian agent for the United States government in Ohio for some time. Mrs. Catherine Walker was a daughter of James Rankin, who was sent to this country by the British government as surveyor, and in that capacity was employed in locating the boundary line between the United States and Canada in the vicinity of Detroit. Michigan. In 1775 he received a deed executed by the Wyandotte tribe of Indians for a large tract of land on the Detroit river in Canada, where the village of Sandwich now stands. In his will he deeded this tract to his daughter. JMrs. Catherine Walker and her heirs, in 1789, and it was afterward leased to the Catholic church for ninety-nine years. Mr. Rankin's wife was a Wyandotte Indian. William and Catherine (Rankin) Walker were the parents of seven children, namely; John, Isaac, William, Mathew, Joel, Xancy and Maria. Of these, \\'illiam became governor of the territory of Nebraska and also served as private secretary to General Lewis Cass. In the family of Mathew R. and Lydia B. (Ladd) Walker were also seven children: Adaline, wife of Frank Crane, a white man of Hornellsville, New York; Louisa S., who died unmarried August 22, 1899; Thomas G.. who is living on the Wyandotte reserve; ^Nlal- colm, a resident of Tucson, Arizona; Percy L.. our subject; Clarence F.. a resident of Vinita, Indian Territory; and Lillian, wife of John A. Hale, nt Kansas City. Kansas. The father nf this family, -who was a farmer by occu- pation, died' in the fall of i860, and the mother departed this life May 10. 18S4.

In 1869 Percy L. Walker removed to tlie Indian Territory, where he has since made his home. Previous to this he had attended the public schools of Kansas City, Kansas, and was graduated at the Spaulding Commercial College. For a time he followed clerking in Kansas City. Missouri, and thus gained an excellent knowledge of mercantile business, in which he engaged for six years after coming to Ogcechee, at the same time carrying on farm- ing and stock raising. In 1883 he was appointed assistant postmaster and has since filled that position with credit to himself and to the entire satisfac- tion of all concerned, with the.exceptinn of two years while serving in the Cherokee national council in 1893 and 1894. While in business he was also deputy district clerk, and his r.tiicial duties have always been most capably and satisfactorily performed. He is mie nf the representative^ of the Chero- kee district and is a member of the national party of the Cherokee nation. As one of the most influential citizens of lii'^ community he takes a \'ery active part in public affairs, and is now a member nf the Democratic executive ci 'Ui- mittee of the territr.ry, which i'^ ci'nip'-ed nf five representative-, fn im the dififerent nations.

On theoth of October. 187.:;. Mr. Walker married Miss Mary M. Audrain, a daughter of James P. and Marv j. ( WiUon ) .Audrain, of the Dj1;'\\are

HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY. 5^7

district, and bv this union have been born the following children : Mathew R., born Auqiist '4. i<^74. married Xancy Elizabeth Trad, a white woman and a daughter (Jt John B. Trail, and they have four children: Reginald B.. liorn Febrnarv 1. 1.S9:;; Waller \\'., bnrn April 19, 1896: Bessie Fay, who wa,- burn Mav 19'. 1898, and died at the age of six weeks: and Malcolm B.. born August 4, 1899. James Audrain, bnrn March 13. 1S77. married Mable Hicks, a white woman, and the only child born to them tlied in infancy. Xarcissa Owen, born November 22, 1879. was educated at Williehasell College. \'inita, Intlian Territory, and Scarbitt Oillegiate Institute. Xeosh.o. .Missouri, and is now successfully engaged in teaching in the Chernke^ nation. Earl P.. born April 6. 1884. is attending scImi 1 in Vinita. (jleas"n. l.irn June 6. 1894. com- pletes the family.

XAPOLEOX B. BREEDLO\'E.

Devoting his time and attention to farming. Mr. Breedlove is known as an enterprising and progressive agriculturist i->i Fairland. His life record began on the iith of August, 1825, and Tennessee was the state of his nativity. He is a son of James \V. and Maria E. (Winchester) Breedlove. His mother was a daughter of General James and Susan (Black) Winchester, the former the distinguished General Winchester, of Revolutionary fame, who also served in the war of 1812, and was of English descent, while his wife was of Scotch-Irish lineage. The father of our subject was a native of \'ir- ginia. and by his marriage to iMiss Winchester had seven children, as fol- lows: Ophelia, born in 1816. married Peter A. Hardy and died in 1888: the second child died in infancy; Urilda, born in 1819. became the wife of Isaac W. Smith, of Xew Orleans, a native of Rochester. Xew York: the next child also died in infancy; Julian P.. who was lx>rn in i8_>j. was a captain in the United States regular army and died in 1848: .XapdeMn Bonaparte was the next younger: and James Winchester, born in 1827. is a successful physician and resides at Fort Smith. The father of this family was a coinmission mer- chant of Xew Orleans and collector of United States customs of the port of New Orleans during Jackson's administration. He died in January. 1868, having long survived his wife, who passed awav on the iith uf Sciitcmber, 1848.'

Mr. Breedlove. whose name introduces this record, was educated in the schools of Xashville, Tennessee, followed bookkeeping in Xew Orleans in early life, and in 1847 he came to the territory and accepted a iiosition as bookkeeper for Saft'arans & Johnson, a large mercantile firm who owned five stores. In 1849 he began merchandising on his own account in Scullyville, in the Choctaw nation, and there he continued business until the inauguration of the Civil war. wiien. owing to the financial troubles thus occa-ioned. he lost all that he had. He enlisted in the Confederate army and ser\ ed as commissary of subsistence for the First Choctaw Regiment, commanded by Colonel D. FI. Cooper, serving at the front until hrivtilities hail cea-cd.

5o8 HISTORY OF INDIAN TERRITORY.

In 1857 Mr. Brcedl'vc was united in marriage to Miss Emily \\'il?on. a daughter of William and Melinda l \\iiartiin ) Wilson. Seven children were born to them, namely: Lela. who wa> bi>rn April 13, 1S59, and is the wife of James S. Staples, of Talequa'i ; Walter Winchester, who was born Jan- uary 12, 18G1. and was married, June i, 1S87. to Priscilla Williams, a Shaw- nee and a daughter of Richard AI. and .\Iargaret (Parks) Williams, the former a white man and the latter a Shawnee ; Emily, who was born Sep- teml>er 16, 1863. and died May J4. 1888: Wharton Dow, who was torn January 13. 1867, and died in 1869; Florence, who was born December 28, 1869, and is the wife of O. A. Smith: Jennie, who was born April i, 1872, and died January 30, 1895; ^""^1 Paul Owen, who was born in 1875 and died in infancy.

yiv. Breedlove's political views are in harmony with the principles of Democracy, which party has always received his supixtrt. The business which occupies his time and energies is that of farming and his land brings to him a good return. His identification with the territory covers a period of more than half a century, during which time he has witnessed many changes. With mercantile and agricultural interests he has been associated for manv vears and of the business affairs of his portion of the territory he is an honored representati\e.

WILLIAM X. TALIAFERRO.

The gentleman named abo\e was born in Orange ci>unt\'. Virginia, his natal day being March 24. 1858. I lis parents were Thomas D. and Eliza L. (Madison) Taliaferro, who removed to northern Te.xas with his family when our subject was only nine years nld. They located upon a farm and in con- nection with the cultivation i>f the-sojl the father engaged in stock-raising. He is now a resident of Madill. but his wife has passed away.

Mr. Taliaferro of this review was reared in the Lone Star slate and ac- quired his early education in the public schools of his district, after which he engaged in farming and stock-raising, having become familiar with that pur- suit during his boyhood, for in the months of vacation he ass'sted his father in the cultivation and developmnt of the fields and caring for the stock on the home farm. In 1886, however. Mr. Taliaferro left Texas and to:ik up his abode in Pickens countVj^ in tlie Chickasaw nation. Here he has since carried on farming on his own account. Tic has six hundred acres of lantl under cultivation, raising corn, cotton and small grains. He is also largely interested in stock-raising, and in connection with his brother Dorsey owns large herds of cattle, having at times as numy .i^ three thousand head tipon their ranches. Mr. Taliaferro owned the land ni)on which Madill is now located and it was through his energy and fore-iglu that the now pr.Kperon- t"\\ n was foinuled. (See the following sketch.) He has done much f.ir its advancement and progress and his labors have been of great benefit to the comnnuiit\'.

In 1889 Mr. Taliaferro was united in marriage t'> Miss Mary Fstella

gg;i,iiP.U4lijBi|ju,,^ k. -ii-ii!itWtP*!JM JUM»»<W|WWjl»l '".^^'iWSW^iBWfW

c

= e *■-■*•■ .i

i4/yK:f^,u:>c..f^.-^

HISTORY OF INDIAN TERRITORY. 509

Null, a daiig;liter of William John and Lizzie (^Hamilton ) Xull. both of whom are residents of Grantham, Indian Territory. Four cliildren grace the home of our subject and his wife, namely: Eliza ^^label, John Ambrose, Janie Madison and Henry Buford. Mr. Taliaferro is a member of Oakland Lodge, No. 67, F. & A. ^L, and of the Woodmen of the World. In his political affilia- tions he is a Democrat and he belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church. South. Progressive and public-spirited, his labors have resulted not alone to individual benefit but have proved of great value to the entire community, and as one of the representative men of that portion of the Territory he well deserves mention in this volume.

^L\DILL.

The wise svstem of industrial economics which has been brought to l)ear in the development of Madill has challenged uniform admiration; for while there has been steady advancement in material lines there has been an entire absence of that inflation of values and that erratic ■■booming" which have in the past pro\'ed the eventual death knell to many of the localities in the west, where '■mushroom ti;>wns'' have one-day smiled forth with ■■all modern improve- ments'' and practically on the next day have laeen shorn of their glories and of their possibilities of stable prosperity until the e.xisting order of things should have been radically changed. In Madill progress has been continuous and in safe lines, and in the healthful growth and advancement of the city W. X. Taliaferro has taken an active. part. He is indeed the real founder of the town, which is a monument to his enterprise, business ability and public spirit. The traveler will find that the adjacent country is as fine, rich, black land as can be .seen in Dallas, Hunt. Collin. Grayson or any other Texas county, but many of the residents are from Texas. The central portion of the Lone Star state has sent many of its representative citizens to Madill, and they have been active in founding and carrying on the work of enterprise in the town that is a credit to the Territory and would likewise be a credit to any state. Tlie majority of the residents are from Texas and a few of the people are from Oklahoma. Missouri. Illinois and Kansas.

In May. 1000, twelve hundred and eighty acres of land, constituting a part of the stock ranch of W". X. Taliaferro, was surveyed into town lots by that gentleman, who is now the town-site agent. \\'hen one considers that one hundred and sixty acres is the usual size of Indian Territory town-sites he realizes that these people mean business, and. that thev ha\e set out to build one of the largest cities along the entire line of the Frisco road. They have certainly gooil grounds, too, upon which to base their energies and hope, for, realizing the unusually favorable location of ^^ladill fi)r a coming commercial center, railroad officials themselves have expressed the opinion that this place will soon become the largest and best town on the Fri-co road between Denison, Texas, and Springfield, Missouri.

The town was named in honor of Judge Madill, of St. Louis, and is thirty-

510 HISTORY OF INDIAN TERRITORY.

two miles north of Denison. One and a half miles west is the village of Oak- land, but Madill is rapidly absorbing it. Though less than a year old, Madill now has a population of fifteen hundred or more and is rapidlv increasing. A number of excellent brick and stone business houses have already been com- pleted and there are some thirty-five more under construction. Two banks are doing business, and a good weekly paper, the Madill News, is a credit to the new town. A large ginning plant was established here last fall and ginned six hundred bales of cotton. The owners of this plant are now completing a cotton-oil mill of seventy-five tons capacity. A second gmning plant is now being put in for the 1901 cotton crop. These two gin plants, with the oil mill, will make ]\Iadill a considerable cotton center. These enterprises will also make it an important cattle feeding and shipping point. Cotton shipments from here in the coming season it is believed will reach thirty thousand bales. Already one thousand head of beeves have been shipped, and doubtless four times that many will be shipped next season. The hog shipments will be large here the coming fall and winter. Situated as it is, in one of the best cattle and hog counties in the whole southwest, it is not at all improbable that before long Madill will have an extensive packing house. It ought to have a flouring mill, too, for it is surrounded by a splendid wheat country, and wheat is now beginning to be an important crop; and a diversity of farm products will al- ways be the natural and normal condition of this section.

As above stated, the surrounding country is black-waxy prairie of inex- haustible fertility and splendidly adapted to cotton, corn, small grain and stock fa!ming. ;\Iuch of the rich, alluvial lands along the Red an.l U'ashita rivers are tributary to ^^ladill. Hard linestone of excellent quality for building pur- poses is found in abundance a mile from town and is being extensively utilized. The town, while surrounded by black land, is upon a sandy location, where good gardens can be had. Soft, palatable water is plentiful at from fifteen to fifty feet depth. Petroleum is known to exist here, and it is reported that a company is being organized to bore for oil. This oil has been found within less than one hundred feet of the surface. One theory, and a very plausible one is that the great oil supply of southeastern Texas origniates m the coal regions of the Indian Territory, flowing gulfward at an ever increasing depth. This may account for the shal'lnw depth at which oil is fonnd here, for Madill is only thirty-five miles from the cnal-mining camps of the ^Missouri. Kansas & Texas Railroad east of here. With petroleum added tr, the agricultural and live-stock resources of this section the jirospcctivc imjinrtance and wealth of Madill and \'icitiity are surely very flattering, to say the least.

A good private school has been opened in this new town and three blocks have been set apart for a fine iiublic-school building, to be erected a< ^inm as possible. Indeed, quite a number of famihes have settled here up^n the assur- ance of getting good educational ad\antages for their children.

Another important item for Madill is the court-house for the connnis^inu- ers' court, which has recently been ordered held here by Judge Townsoiid. of the United States district. This will niateriallv change tlic impiTtance of

HISTORY OF INDIAN TERRITORY. S'l

2\Iadill from a judicial standpoint. There is another important thing regard- ing the future of Madiil. As soon as statehood is estabHshed in the Indian Territory, if not before the present large counties composing the several nations will be subdivided into counties of probably about nine hundred square miles. This county, Tickens, is one of the present large divisions of the Chickasaw nation. When it is subdivided into counties of normal size, 2\Iadill will no doubt become the county seat of its county, and this, being about the center of the Chickasaw black-land belt, will be the judicial as well as the commercial center of one of the most important of the new state's counties. There is little or no doubt that this town will be made the county seat whenever the new counties are organized.

So, upon the whole, the prospects of Madill are unusually bright from every point of view, and from the way capital is being invested here in sub- stantial improvements this opinion is being held by scores of shrewd, enterpris- ing business men who have cast their lots here.

WILLIA^I T. IIUTCPIIXGS.

William T. Hutchings was born on the 6th of September, 1858, in Pittsylvania county, Virginia, his parents being John AI. and SalI.e .\.. (White) Hutchings. His father is now deceased, but his mother is yet a resident of the Old Dominion. In the private schools of his natise county Mr. Hutchings, of this review, obtained his preliminary education, which was supplemented b}' a course in Bingham school in North Carolina and bv study in Richmond College, at Richmond. \'irginia. On the completion of his college course he prepared for professional life by reading law in the office and under the direction of Captain E. E. Eouldin, of Danville, Virginia, and was admitted to the bar in 1880, when he resumed his studies in the Vale Law School, of which he is a graduate of the class of 1881.

Opening an office in Danville, in the fall of 1881, he remained in suc- cessful practice until 18S6, when he was appointed inde.x clerk for the house of representatives in \\'ashington, acting in that capacity for two years. On the expiration of that period he again spent a year in Danville, and in the spring of 1888 took up his abode in Fort Smith, Arkansas, but did not long remain in that city, coming to Muskogee in the fall of 1889. Here he has since resided and is the leading lawyer uf the Indian Territory, being retained as counsel in almost every case of iniiiortance in the northern judicial <lis- trict. He has a very large acquaintance of a distinctively representative cliar- acter. In William T. Hutchings we find united many of the rare cfualities which go to make up the successful lawyer and jurist. He is a fluent speaker, has to an eminent degree that rare ability of saying in a convincing wav the right thing at the right time, and is frequently called upon to make public arldresscs in the territory. His mind is analytical, logical and inductive, and with a thorough and comprehensi\ e knowledge of the fundamental principles

512 HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY.

of general law he cnnilnat;- a familiarity with statutory law and a sober, clear judgment which makes limi a f'irmidahie adversary in legal combat.

In May, 1885. ciccurred the marriage of Mr. Hutchmgs and .Miss Marv E. Key, a daughter of John M. Key. ot iirenham, Te.xas. Their union has been blessed with three children, one of whom. Ellen B., is living. Mr. Hutchings is a valued member of the Mas'inic fraternity, in which he has attained the Knight Templar degree, and is also a noble of the Mystic Shrine. He belongs to the Knights of Pythias fraternity and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In his political aftiliations he is a Democrat, and religiously is a member of the Bapti-t church and in its work takes an active part.

RE FORD BOXD.

Reford Bond, who is engaged in the practice of law in Chickasha, was born in the Chickasaw nation, August 10, 1877, and is a son of James H. and Adelaide (Johnson) Bond, both living on the home farm near Minco, Indian Territory. His father is a prominent cattle-raiser and dealer and has been a resident of the Territijry for thirty-five years, being a native of Leices- tershire, England. Reford acquired his early education in Boonvnie, Missouri, and later entered Roaunke College, at Salem. \'irginia, after which he matricu- lated in Columbian L'niversity, at Washington. I). C. Determining to make the practice of law bis life work, he entered the law department of the Uni- versity of Missouri, where he was graduated with the class of 1897. in 1899, was admitteil at Ardmore. to practice in the United States courts. In the same year he came tr> Chickasha, where he has practiced his profession, in partnership with B. F. Holding, and now has a distinctively representative clientage. He is one of the directors of the First Xational Bank of Chickasha and he is largely interested in real estate, having extensive and valuable hold- ings.

In his political aftiliations Mr. B.und is a Deniocrat and socially he is identified with various .irgani2ation>. of which he is known as a valued mem- ber. He belongs to Chickasha Lodge. X(\ 79. F. & .\. M. : De Molay Chapter, No. 4, R. A. ^I. : Oklahoma Consistory. A. A. S. R. : and to India Temple, A. A. O. X. M. S., of Oklahoma City. He is likewise a member of Lodge No. 417, of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, of Oklahoma Citv; of Chickasha Lodge. Xo. 28. 1. O. O. F. : and Washita \'alley Lodge, No. 43. K. P., a member of Kappa Alpha and Phi Delta Phi fraternities, and the Christian church.

JAMES L. Sl'Fl'.n.

No section of the L'nited States affords better facilities for the farmer or stock-raiser than does the Indian Territory, as the rich soil and broad pasture lands makes this business -very profitable. .Among its representatives in \\'ynnewoi-Kl is James L. Speed, who is successfully carrying on business

-M'tVVmVMItHIILU

\

i^

HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY. 5 "3

alung tlinse lines, annually adding' ti> his incMuie. lie was horn on Christmas dav, 1854, in tiie state of South Car.ilina, an<l there ac([nireil his jjreliniinary education. During liis IhuIh .k1. however, he came to the Indian Territory. l(_>catino- ill the Chickasaw iiatii'U. where he has since resided. He has always followetl agricultural pursuits and the raising of cattle. He has an e.Kcellent ranch seven miles from WynnewtKjd and there he resides, the place henig improved with good buildings and modern accessories and conveniences for carrying on his business after the most approved methods. The care and cultivation which he bestows upon the fields is rewarded by good harvests, and over his pastures roam large herds of cattle.

In January. 18S8. Mr. Speed was united in marriage to Miss .\nnie Grant, a daughter of Tom ("irant. and their marriage has been blessed with three interesting chiUlren : Xellie Grant. Charlie Jantes and Samuel Jeffer- son. Mr. Speed is a reliable business man. straightforward in all his deal- ings, and his well directeil eft'orts have brought to him credital)le prosperity.

Mrs. M.\RY GEBOE.

Mrs. Mary Geb',)e. of ?^Iiami. was born in .\drian. Michigan, thirty miles west of Toledo. Ohio, on the ist of Octolier. iS;^:;. a ilaughter of .Moses and Mary ( Roubedeau.\ ) Lcmanl. tier lather w as a Canadian Frenchman. born in the province of (Juebec. and his mother was a native of Fort Wayne.. Indiana, a tlaughter of Joseph Rouljedeau.x. of French and Miami descent. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Leonard were born tliree children: John, whose birth (iccurre<l in 185-'. died when a year old; Mrs. ( iebne is tlie next _\-ounger : and George comi)lete> the family. When sixteen years of age. on the 3d of Octo- ber. 1S69. Mary L.eoiiard ga\ e her hand in marriage to David Geboe. a sou of Peter and Mary i(ielii o (ieb.ie. Hi> parents, though of the same name, were not related b\' the ties of blood. She was of I-"rench and Miami lineage, while her husband was of French and Irish ilescent. They had three chil- dren: David, who was l)orn October 5. 1S30. and was the eldest: FJi : and Rosaun. The last named became the wife of b.hn Sharkew <if Loui>i;ma. The parent^ and their children have all pa.-ed away. Unto i)avid and Mary Geboe were born four children: J.'lin and (icrge. twin.-, were born (Jctober 8. 1870. but died at bu-tb. ?^linnie .Mav, bnrn I'ebruarv o. \^JJ. is the wife of Joseph Trinkie. They were married .\pnl 1. iNSS". and ha.l three chil- dren: Pearl, who was born March 15. : 80O ; .M.ibe'. born Octobi-r J;,. iNoj: and Ernest, born .\pril 24. iS()4. 'llenrw born Ma\- .'4. 1S7 ^,, "died in infancy. J.i.seph Trinkie. the Im-band of .\ininie .May, iia> also pa-.-ed away. He was Uirn in Miami county. lndian:i. in 1801. and wa> a -on of Henry Trinkie. a white m;ui. and .Ma-a (ie-(|ueii. a Miami. Her fatiier was Peter Rnndy. and at the death of the motlier of M;i-a Ge-i|ue'i UMrried one i-<i the <laughters of Francis Slocmii. w ho-e Indian name \va- .V-zah-we-she-mo-dueh. Josei)!i Tringle's mother c;ime to Kansas in 1840, where two >ons were born to her. the vounger lieing David, who wa- born alnnit i8(')4. at which time

514 HISTORY OF INDIAN TERRITORY.

the mother died. Mr. Trinkle, the MiH-m-lau ut .Mr. CjcIjuc, was called to his final rest Xoveniher _'i. 1894. at tiie aye uf thirty-three years.

The death of Mr. Geboe occurred on the 20th of January, 1899. and the community lost one of its valued and representative citizens. ' Hi> niarr:a-e to Mary Leonard had been celebrated in the Miami village, in Kansas. He had for many years served his people, the Miamis, as a representative to Washington, D. C, and in 1871 he was elected principal chief, which office he held for some years, being later succeeded by Chief Thomas F. Richard- ville. Mr. Geboe then became second chief, and his public service was highly commendable, for he labored untiringly to promote the interests of the nation along various lines. In 1S73 '^^ came to 2^[iami, in the Indian Territory, locating his home on Four !MiIe creek, where Mrs. Geboe now resides in a large, commodious and attractive residence with her widowed daughter, !N[rs. Trinkle. In early life Mr. Geboe had learned the silver-smith's trade with his father, but did not follow it after coming to the west. He owned con- siderable property and his landed possessions brought to him a good return for the care and labor bestowed upon them. He was a memljer of the Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows, and in his life exemplified its benevolent prin- ciples, living fully up to the teachings of the order, which is founded upon mutual helpfulness. His many excellent traits of character and his sterling worth gained him the respect and confidence of all with whom he was asso- ciated, and he was well fitted for public leadership. ]Mrs. Geboe yet resides in the pleasant home which her inisband provided for her and extends its hospitality to her many friends.

JAMES S. FULLER, M. D.

Among the medical practitioners in the Cherokee nation is Dr. Fuller, of Fort Gibson, who was born in \'an Buren, Arkansas, in November, i860, his parents being William A. and Mary E. (Morgan) Fuller, who had a num- ber of children, three of whom died in infancy. The others are Anna, now the wife of James Higgins, of Texas: Cornelia, the wife of John G. Ray, a resident of Cincinnati, Arkansas; Helen, who became the wife of George Smith, of Cincinnati, Arkansas, and died in 1894; Robert C, who is now living in Tahlequah.

Dr. Fuller acquired his literary education in Fayetteville, Arkansas, and received excellent educational privileges, tlie knowledge there gained .serving as a strong foundation upon which to rear the superstructure of his profes- sional learning. In the year 18S1 he took up the study of medicine in the office and under the direction of Dr. J. ^^'• ^^'ebster, of Cincinnati. .Vrk.'uisas. and the following year he matriculateil in the Missouri Medical College, at St. Louis, Missouri, where, on the completion of the prescribed course, he was graduated, in the spring of 1884. On the 4th of Xovember of the same year he arrived in T^ort Gil)Son and opened his ottice. He did not have

HISTORY QF IXDIAX TERRITORY. 515

long to wait fur a practice, and from the beginning iiis business has steadily increased in importance and in volume.

On the 3d of October, 1SS8, the Doctor was united in marriage to }ilis3 Rosa L. Percival, of Fort Gibson, a daughter of William and Amelia Perci- val. She is a Cherokee and is an only child. Her father was one of the leading merchants of Fort Gibson, where he resided up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1S88. He had begun merchandising here prior to the Civil war and was one of the oldest business men in the territory in years of continuous connection with her mercantile interests. He departed this life at the age of sixty-four years, and his loss was widely felt throughout the community. Mrs. Fuller is a highly esteemed lady, having enjoyed the advantages of sch(X>l and society in St. Louis, Washington and other cities. She presides over her home with gracious hospitality and extends its friendly greetings to a laree circle of acquaintances. The Doctor and his wife now have three children: Xellie R., born in 1S90; Tames P.. in 1S93; and Robert W., in 189S.

The Doctor belongs to the Knights of Pythias fraternity at Fort Gib- son. He is the senior member of the medical profession in this city, for he was the first to establish an office here, and from that time he has ever main- tained his position as a foremost representative of the medical fraternity.

THOMAS J. \\"AY.

Among the extensive cattle raisers of the Creek nati<3n is Thumas Jef- ferson Way. He was born in the Orangeburg district of South Carolina, January 22, 1858. and in infancy was taken by his parents, Jefferson Griffith and Laura Agnes (Rast) Way, to Georgia, a location being made in Houston county, where they remained for ten years, a portion of which time the sub- ject of this review was a student in the subscription schools. His father was a farmer and Thomas assisted in the cultivation of the fields in f^enrg-ia until the family removed to Xavarro county, Texas, in 1S70. His parents are still living in Frost, that state.

After becoming a resident of Texas Mr. Way was employed as a farm hand for two years and then began raising and dealing in horses, following that industry until his removal to Limestone county, Te.xas, where he engaged in sheep raising for three ycaffs. In 1S75 he came to Indian Territorv and settled in the Cherokee strip, on the north fork of the .\rkansas river. Fnter- ing the emjiloy of George W. Miller, a noteil ranchman, he remained with him for one year and thence returned to the Panhandle of Texas, starting fmm there witli a herd of cattle for Buft'alo, Wv(-iming. .\t the latter place he remained for a year and then returned to the Cherokee strip, securing a sit- uation with the 4 D ranch, where he continued for thrL'c \cars. Sub-e|uently he worke<.l on the Turkey Tract ranch, on tlie Sac and I'ux reservations, for two and a half years, after wiiich he was employed on the X ranch, where he continued for fnur vears. In cmnnanv with Dave Carr he came to the Creek

5 "6 ■ HISTORY OF IXDIAN TERRITORY.

nation, nnd for a year they conducted a cattle liusiness in partnership. Sub- sequently Mr. Way was a resident of Wayoner, and in the capacity of fore- man had charge of a ranch belonging to Wintield Scott for five years. On the expiration of that period he began business for himself, and in 1895 took up his abc)de on the Arkansas river, near Choska, where he has about tuehe hundred cattle, lie has been very successful in his stock-raising industries and is now breeding with Hereford cattle, thus securing a fine herd.

On the 7th of July, 1897. Mr. Way was united in marriage t(3 Miss Susie Lulu Combs, a daughter of G. W. and Catherine (Burchett) Combs, of Springfield, Arkansas. They now have two children,— Thomas Jefferson, Jr., and George Terry. Mr. Way exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the Democracy, and socially he is identified with the Masonic fraternity. He is a practical >lock-rai5er and an energetic busi- ness man and has done much to improve the grade of stock raised in this locality, thus increasing its market value.

HOX. ROBERT L. }.IL"RRAY.

Among the eminent men of the Chickasaw nation whose prominence in public affairs, activity in business life and hdelity in social relations have won for them the respect and confidence of all. is the Hon. Robert L. Murray, of Colbert. He was born in Red River county, Choctaw nation, in 1S57, aiid is a son of Dr. H. F. Murray. He was reared to farm life and has always been interested in agricultural pursuits and stock-raising. He is now both a farmer and cattle man, and in this branch of his business is meeting with splendid success. He has a nice home and farm in Panola county, four miles north of Colbert, where he owns alMul live hundred acres of land under cul- tivation. He also has a large herd •>( cattle and steers, immense droves of hogs, and in his stock-raising intere-ts he has found profit, fur his stock alwavs commands the highest market value, therefore bringing in him a substantial financial return.

Mr. ]\Iurray has been extensivel\- identified with official positions in the Indian Territory for many years. In iSSO he was elected sheriff i>t Panula county and served in that capacity for six years, although the term was not continuous. Previous to this time, in 1SS4. he was ajipointed revenue col- lector for the Chickasaw nation and acted in that capacitv for two vears. In 1890 he was elected to the Chickasaw- senate, where he served four years, and in 1897 ho was appointed one of the territorial commissioners to confer a treaty with the Dawes commission, while in March, 190a, he was appointed by the Chickasaw government to represent its interests before that C"niniis- sion. He is now acting in that ca])acity. He also had a long and Imnorable career as a special Indian p<-tliceman and deputy United States marshal. His .services in that position began ab>:ut iSSj, when he was appointed deputy tiinrsbal for the entire territory, under United States Marshal L'arroll, witli headquarters at Fort Smith. Arkansas. During that rierind he was also a

HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY. 517

United States Indian policeman, nnder Colonel Tuft5, and afterward hecam2 a marshal and policeman under Robert L. Owens and subsequently under Colonel D. M. Wisdom. In 1891 he was ap])ointed special Indian police- man, under Leo K. Bennett, after which he became a United States deputy marshal in the Indian Territory, under United States Marshal Reagin. located at Paris. Texas. Following this he was a deputy marshal under Marshal Dixon and then served in the sam.e capacity under the Hon. Thumas B. Needles as long as that gentleman was the chief marshal of the territriry. He has been in important official positions almost continuously since 188 J. and jn the capacity of United States marshal he has had manv thrilling adventures. One case particularly worthy of mention is that in which the n(jtorious Dick Glass, a desperate negri> outlaw, and two of his associates were run down and killed in a tight with Mr. Murray and his folUnvers.

Mr. Murray chose as a companion and helpmate for the journey of life Miss Louie Collins, a daughter of the noted Chickasaw citizen. Dan Cnllins. Her father was born in Kentucky, in 1839. and in 18^2 emigrated td Ciray- son C'junty. Te.xas. whence he came to the territory in 1S57. locating in Panola county, where he has since resided, being one of the oldest and most highly esteemed citizens of that locality. In i86j he enlisted, at Boggy Depot. Chick- asaw nation, as a Confederate soldier, under the command of Captain W'at- , kins and Colonel Sim Folsom. He served through.out the war. being on duty in the Indian Territory. Kansas. Missouri and Arkansas. In 1880 he was elected to represent Panola county in the Chickasaw legislature, where he serveil inv five terms. His home is located one mile south of Colbert and is filled with many interesting relics of the old Indian days, .\mong these \aluable treasures is a silver medal presented by President .Andrew Jackson to Captain Isaac Albertson. a full-blord Indian, an uncle of Mrs. Collins, in 18J9. This medal bears on one side a likeness of President Jackson and on the other side a pipe and tomahawk, with appropriate inscriptions. Cap- tain .Vll.yertSiin was chief of the Chickasaws at that time, and the medal was presented to him a> a gMod-will offering and as a reward fur his services in concluding the treaty nf 18^9.

The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Murray has been blessed with four chil- dren : Mildred. Robert L.. Jr.. Lucile and Mintiie .\gnes. Socially Mr. ^Murray is an Odil Felliw. Few men in the community ha\e a wider accpiaint- ance and none are held in higher regard than he. for through an upright busi- ness career and impi^rtant public service he has ever cnnductcd himself so as to win the highest regard and confidence of all with whum he has Iteen associated.

WILLIAM H. HILTOX.

	Half the ■	width .	>i the c..	ntincnt sc]	iarato< Williai	n H. Hilt.	ui frimi his
bin Xe\	hjilace, for y \'ork, in	he first	opened 1 His fa	lis eyes to ther. John	the light of da HiltMU, ua.	\ at S;irati a n:\tive '	;ga Springs, >f FngL'uul,

5i8 HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY.

\vliere he learned the trade of a cutler. When thirty years of age he resolved to leave his native land and seek a home in America. Accordingly he crossed the Atlantic and located in Montreal, Canada, where he was married to Miss Lucilda Hewitt, who was a native of that city and was of English parentage. After residing in Montreal for two or three years Mr. Hilton removed with his family to Saratoga Springs, where he engaged in the cutlery and hard- ware business, following that pursuit after the inauguration of the Civil war, when his loyal spirit prompted him to enlist in defense of his adopted country and he became a member of Company H, One Hundred and Si.xty-ninth Xew York Infantry, with which he gallantly served until the bombardment of Fort Fisher, in January, i!^65, in which engagement he was killed. His wife sur- vived him only a brief period and died at Saratoga Springs in 1866.

William H. Hilton v.as thus left an orphan when fourteen years of age. When a youth of seventeen he left his home in the Empire state for the west, and in 1875 he located in northern Texas. Since that time he has lived within a radius of three hundred miles from Denison. Texas. Throughout most of his business career he has been engaged in the manufacture and sale of lumber and met with excellent success in the enterprise, becoming an expert judge of timber, while his ability in the line of converting the forest trees into the manufactured product is most marked. Through a considerable period he was identified with the lumber business in Texas, and in 1890 estab- lished a lumber yard at Guthrie, Oklahoma, carrying on operations along that line until 1895. His prominence and ability in this direction is indicated by the fact that while residing in Guthrie he was appointed one of the judges of the department of forestry at the World's Columbian Exposition at Chi- cago in 1893, an honor which he highly appreciated and which was well merited, especially as it came to him entirely unsolicited excejit by his friends, who recognized his fitness and capability.

In 1895 ^^^- Hilton hicated in Dtirant. where he embarked in the same line of business, and with the interests of the city he has been very pnnninently and actively identified, his labors proving a great benefit in the work of its upbuilding and advancement. At the first election after the city was incor- porated he was chosen by popular ballot to the office of mayor and served from April, 1899, until April, 1000. This election was especially creditable in view' of the fact that he is a stanch Republican and was the candidate un the Republican ticket, while the city has a Democratic majority of four to one. He proved a trustworthy official, exc.rcising his prerogatives in snp]>ort of all measures calculated to secure reform and improvement. In Soptem- ber, 1900, he was appointed land ajipraiser with the Dawes commission for the five civilized tribes, and to that work he now dc\otes all of hi> time and attention.

Mr. Hilton was unitcl in marriage to Miss Angus I. McLeod. \\!io was born in Georgia r.f Scotch ancestry, her parent'^ giving to her a boy's name. Mr. anil Mrs. Hilton n->w have one son. William H. Mr. Hilton is an eanic'-t and enthusiastic student of the Masonic system of phil(:>soiihy and is a Knight

HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY. 5 '9

Templar. He al^o has attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite and behjngs to the Ancient Arabic Order of the Xbbles of the Mystic Slu'ine, being thorougiily familiar with the teachings and tenets of the craft and in his life exemiilities its bene\'nlent principles of mutual kindliness and helpfulness and thoughtful forbearance. He is in all respects an ideal husband and father and citizen. He makes his home in Durant and here as well as in every com- munity where he is known he enjoys the highest esteem of all. It is said that while acting as mayor of the city his otticial acts were so just and considerate of all interests that he made no enemies, something almo.>t unprecedented in Indian Territory politics. He is kind and diplomatic in hi.-^ treatment of all, is a man of keen discernment, and, above all. is actuated by manl}- prin- ciples, such as command respect in every land and clime.

JAMES W. BREEDLOVE.

Prominent as a lawyer at Tahlequah, Indian Territory, and still more prominent in connection with the government of the Cherckee nation, James W'illoughby Ereedlove is a citizen of whom any county or state might be proud. He was born November 6, 1876, at Aluldrow. Cherokee nation, a son of John W. and Carrie W. (Brutonj Breedlove. and his father was born in Missouri, and his mother, a Cherokee, was born in Indian Territory, In 18S2 his father was the owner of the stage line lieiween ^Muskogee, Indian Territory, and Fort Smith, Arkansas, which covered a distance of eighty miles, and he has for many years been an e.xtensive stock-raiser and a prominent merch.ant, residing at Muldrow, where he is held in the highest esteem by the best citi- zens. He built and owns the Breedlove long distance tele])hone system be- tween Fort Smith and Wagoner, covering more than two hundred miles and is president of the Lang Shoe Company, wholesale dealers in shoes, at Fort Smith. An adopted citizen of the natinu, he is a member uf the nr.ti()nal council of the Cherokees.

JNIr. Breedlove was a graduate of the literary department nf the Vanderbilt University, at Xashville. Tennessee, with the class of 1805. 'T"' ^^■''>"' graduated from the law department of tlie same institution in i8()7, and was that year admitted to practice in the United States courts, at IMuskogee, Indian Terri- tory, and beg-an the practice of his profession at Muldrcw, Indian Terri- tory. Since taking up his residence at Talequah. in i8()(). he has niet with marked >ncLC>-. He IimMs the oftice of as-i^tant trea>urer of the CberMkee nation, under th.- chief. lie is a member nf the Knights nf Pvthias. the order of Red Mci. the I'-enevdlent and Prntective Order of Iilks and the Inde- pendent Order ..f Odd I'cllnus and ..f its auxiliarv onler of Rebekah.

Mr. P.reedl.ive has ..,,0 sister and five br-thers living, all vnunger than himself.— Lassie. John. Wliartnn. DaMd. Cliarles an.I Ottaway. ' The l.rother last mentioned is in business with his f.atlier. owns a large tract of laml in Creek nation, and has a, large cattle business. The mother of these children was a daughter of Dr. C. W. Bruton, one of the first physicians in the Se-

S20 HISTORY OF INDIAN TERRITORY.

<lU()yali district, a white man and a native ct X'irginia. Dr. Ilrutun was edu- cated at Lynchljiirg. X'irsjinia. and married Jane ii. Cliisdlm, a (juarter-l/mod Clierokee and a sister lU' Xarcisa Owen.

Mr. Breedlove was married, im t!ie 4th day of March. i8c)[. to Miss Mary Beaty Eiftert. of Fort Gibson. In(Han Territory. Miss Eift'ert was a very popular young lady and a Cherokee by blood. She was educated at Tahlefiuah, Indian Territory, in the (Jheri 'kee Female College.

MOSES CHIGLEY.

Moses Chigley. one of the leading young men of Da\is, was born on the site of the present town October i. 1874. Flis father. Xelson Chigley, was a nati\"e of Mississippi, who remoxed to the Indian Territory in the '305. with the other members of the Chickasaw tribe. He is now very wealthy and is one of the most prominent and influential representatives of the nation. He has had much to do with the advancement of the people along material lines and is also one of the leading pnliticians. his opinions doing much in molding the public policy. At one time he acted as the governor, being called to that office to fill a vacanc}'. and at the present writing, in the winter of 1900. he is serving as a member of the senate. At one time he was the owner of the land upon which the prosperous town of Davis now stands and near it his present landed possessions are located. He is now living retired, his income from his property being sufficient t" suppl}- him with all the comforts and many of the luxuries of life.

His wife, ^Irs. Julia Chigley. was a native of Mississippi and came to the Indian Territory when the nation was removed to this portion of the country. Their union has been blessed with three children : Moses, whose name intro- duces this record: W'yatt and Eliza. The second son was born in 1876, and acquired his education in Fort Worth and Gainesville. Texas. He has given some time to the study of law but at present is with his parents, a prominent and popular young man of Davis. The daughter was educated in the Chicka- saw nation and is jiow the wife of George Fierce, of the town of Davis.

Moses Chigley. whose name introduces this record, was educated in Savoy College and at Franklin. Tennessee. He received e.Kcellent educational privilege-; and i> now a well informed man. keeping in touch with all questions of general interest. His attention is given to the stock business, the Terri- tory furnishing excellent facilities to all who wish to follow that very importai pursuit. He. too. is a well known factor i Tishomingo county in the legi-^latnre. terjireter 1^1- two years, occunicd the po:~ a L'nitcd States Indian jioliceman. tiie dui ever been t':iith:uri\- iierformci!. S^ciidh' with Cedar L-doc the prominent fam

X,	U.. In	. of 1'.
col	nectioi	1 with <
of	li^ per	-onal w

in political circles am	1 has reiiresented
lie lias held the ofti	ce 1 f Indian iii-
ition of sheriff, and	at 1 'lie time was
tie- of those \arii us	position- ha\iiiL;
he i> conneeted with	Ivanhoe l.odoe.
.'. Xo. 4-'. w. \\'.	ly rea>on of liis
ilie- of the nation an	1 also on acceiunt
ire-entalioii in this \	olrnie.

■m

^

HISTORY OF INDIAX TERRITORY. 521

ALFKEI) JEFFERSON WATTS.

The 5ul)ject ot this sketc'i. wlio is a well known lawyer at Mr.ldrow, Cherokee nation. Indian Territory, was born in Tennessee. Angust 22. 1842, a son of Sulcnion and Elizaheth ( Xedry) Watts, both of whom were born in 18 19. he in Alabama and she in Tennessee, he a son of Malachai and Delilah (Gray) Watts. Malachai Watts was Ixirn in North Carolina in 1789, his wife in Alabama in 1795. both of Cherokee parentage. Ga-rrett Watts, the great-grandfather in the paternal line of .\lfred Jefferson Watts, w.is born alwut 1760 and married a white woman whose name is not known. It is believed that Garrett Watts was a full-blooded Cherokee. The mother of the subject of this sketch was a daughter of William Nedry, a native of Scotland, and his wife Elizabeth Francis, who was of Irish descent.

Solomon and Elizabeth ( Nedry) Watts had twelve children, twn of whom died uimamed in infancy. The subject of this sketch is the oldest of those here mentioned. John ^I.. who was born in 1844. '^^'^s killed at the battle of Chickamauga. Tennessee. Septemlier 19. 1863. Samuel 'SI., born January 31. 1836. lives at Muldrow. Nancy E.. bom May 8. 1848, married Henrv H. Patterson, of Irish parentage, and died in ^larch, 1889. Tennessee J., born November 13. 1S50. married Thom;!s H. Blackard, an Irishmnn. and "lives near Muldrow. Mahala L.. born April 16. 1852. married John T. Bla- lock. and died Februarv 8. 1890. Elizabeth M.. whose twin sister died in infancy, was born July i. 1861. and married William D. Blackard. a brother of Thomas H. Blackard. who married her sister. Tennessee J. Marion J., I>orn March 21. 1854. died in March. 1865. Milanda. born in 1856. died in 1857. The father of these children, born January 26. 1S19, died December II. 1881, their mother. whr> was burn August 6. 18 19. is living and in pos- session of all her faculties.

Mr. Watts was educated at tlie Cabin Creek seminary, at Cabin Creek. Arkansas. 18^6-69. after having received a memorable preliminary ])ractical schooling in the great Civil war of 1861-65. He ser\-ed from June 3, i86r U) the end of the war in the First Confederate Regiment of .\rkansas. The tirst battle in which he participated was at Wilson's Creek for Oakhill). Missouri, August 10. and the next b?tt!e was at Pea Ridge (or ElklMrn). Arkansas. Marcli ')-S. 1862. The regiment was then transferred east uf the Mis>i>isipiu river, and the next engagemeiu in which he fought was at Corinth. Missis- sipjii. May 2j. .Vfter that lie was in tliediattle ■>f Murfreesh. ;r<i. Tennessee, which lasted from 13ecember 31. i8f'i2. to J;inuary 3. 1863. .\fter that his regiment particijjated in a long raid into Kentucky. He fnught next at the battle of Jackson. Mis'^issippi. July 16. then at Chickamauga. Sep- teml)er 19-20. The rec-iment' was -ent to Dalton. Georgia, and took part in the campaign fo'm Dalton t.> .\tlanta, which began Mav 7 ami ended August 31. Atlanta falling "uly two days later, ami which invnlved jiracticallv continu'ius fighting and -kirmi^hing, Tlie regiment next iiarticiiKited in a raid to Franklin. Tennessee, and was then marched east to assist General Lee.

522 HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY.

and at tlie time of Lee's surrender was under command of General Joseph E. Johnston, ahhough General Hood had succeeded General Johnston at Atlanta, the latter having been reinstated on the march to reinforce General Lee after the battle at Franklin, Tennessee. Lee surrendered to General Grant April 9, 1S65, and at the same time General Johnston surrendered to Sherman, whom he had been fighting almost constantly since May 7 uf the previous year, and the Civil war was practically at an end.

From 1869 to 1871 Mr. Watts wa^ a clerk in the store of his uncle. 'SI. J. Watts, in Sebastian county, Arkansas, and during that time devoted his leisure moments to the study of law. In 1871 he went to the Cherokee nation to acquire citizenship, which had not yet been granted to him, though his claims are being pressed. On account of the fact that he was not a citizen he was prevented from practicing law in the local courts, but he has practiced in the federal courts since their establishment in 1894 with considerable suc- cess. When he came to the site of ^^luldrow no town hatl been established there and the few homes in the country round about were three to four miles apart. He has seen the development of the nation until it is thickly settled, comparatively speaking, and dotted with prosperous trading points, and he has come to be known as .a progressive and pul>lic-spirite(l citizen. He is a Master jMason and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. South.

September S. 1870, Mr. Watts married Miss Mary Reed, a white woman and a native of Tennessee, who bore him two sons: William K. Watts, his elder son, was bjrn September 25, 1S72, and his other son, Thomas J. Watts, was born July 4, 1874, was graduated from Altus College, at Altus, Franklin county, Arkansas, and is practicing law in all the federal courts, having been admitted to the bar in 1895. }ilrs. Watts died May 5, 1879. and Mr. Watts was again married, September 24. 18S4. to }i[iss Susan Bailey, a white woman born in Tennessee, who died in 1892.

WILLLVM T. TILLY, SI. D.

A medical practitioner at Pryor Creek. Dr. William TImukis Tilly enjoys an enviable reputation and a liberal patn.>nage. He was liorn in ]\Ionroe county, Tennessee, near Madisonville. and the public schools of Monroe county afforded the Doctor his early educational privileges, which were supplemented by a course in Brown Hill Acarleiny. at Jalapa. Tennessee. Subsequently he engaged in general merchandi-ing at ]^pi)erson, Tennessee, for six years, and then enteretl upon his preparation for the medical ])rofession as a student in the oftice and under the direction of Dr. S. S]. Hunter, of Ducktmvn, Tennessee. Later he attended the Louisville Medical College, at Louisville, Kentucky, and was graduated f r( ni that institution on the fith of March, 1894. For two years he pnicticcd at MinL'r;d Bluff. Georgia, and on the 1st of January, iX')(>. ho came to I'ryor (-'reek, where he has since been in con- tinuous practice. He took a "special cotn-^e at Louisville in ])hy^ical diagnosis obstetrics and the diseases of women. In 1^98 he pursncil a i)ost-graduate

HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY. 523

course in the Cliicagu Pulicliiiic and thus became particularly well qualitieJ for his chosen prutessiuii ami his efforts have hejn attended with success, making a creditable reputation.

In September, 1S88, Dr. Tilly was uniteil in marriage to Miss Alice E. Hall, a daughter of Captain J. tl. Hall, in Ducktown, 1 ennessee. and they now have three children: Ethel, Cecil and Jame^^ ()li\er. The Ductor is a member of the Indian Territory ^vledical Association and the American Med- ical Association. He also belongs to the Masonic fraternity, in w hich he has taken the degrees of the commandery and_ of the }ilysf.c Sl.r.ne. Ot the Modern Woodmen and the Fraternal Aid Society he is also a reprc'^entative. In his political attiliations he is a Democrat, and his religious belief connects him with the Methodist Episcopal church. South.

LEOXIDAS O. MAJORS.

Leonidas Oscar Majors, a well kn nvn merchant «if Elk. Intlian Territory, was born in Creorgia September 13, 1867. His father. Jonathan Thomas Majors, was also a native of the Empire state of the south and served for four years as a soldier in the Civil war, defending the cause of the Con- federacy. His death occurred in Cocke county, Texas, in September. 1893. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Sallie Clements, was born in Gorgia and is now living in Elk. Her parents were Isham and Mary A. Clements, and the latter is also living in Elk, at the very advanced age of eiglity-two )-ears. The parents of our subject were both members of the Methodi-l Epis- copal church. South.

'Mr. Majors, whose name fonns the caption of this review, was educated in Dixon Academy, in Shelbyville, Temiessee, whither he removed with his parents during his early boyhood. He is also a graduate of the Indianola Business College of the class of 1894, and thus by liberrd mental training he was well equipped for the practical and responsible duties of life. In 1887 he went to Texas and after two years came to the territory, locating at Elk, where lie followed farming for a year, after which he accepteil a position as manager of the mercantile business owned by I. I'^ Harmon. He acted in that capacity for three years, and two years for the firm of Harmon \\"ells & Comjjany, and for one year was with Kern & Chapman, after which he was engaged in business with John Hall, of Elk, for a year. Subseciuentlv he engaged in buying and selling cattle for eighteen months, and in 18^9 he began merciiandising on his own account in connection with T.rack R. Hendon and William H. Bennett as a member of the firm name of ^[ajors, HeniK^n & Bennett. In loor they erected a substantial store building, thirtv by --ixty feet, the side walls fourteen feet high. The tirm al-o owns the entire block. They are carrying on a very profitable laisiness and have one of the finest stores in the territory, well supjilied with a large line of general mercli;indise. such as is in dem.-mil by both the country and city trade.

On the 31st oi December, 1895. Mr. Majors w;is united in marn;ige to

524 HISTORY OF INDIAN TERRITORY.

Bal)e Tlujiiipson. a nati\e of Texas, and they now liase mie cliilil. Wallace Eug-ene. ^Ir. Majors belnn^-s to Graliaiii L('(lge. Xo. <^i, A. F. tK: A. M. ;,t Graliain. Indian Territory, and has niemljersliip relation^ witii .Vrdniore Canii). Xo. T,2,. Woodmen of the World. Tlie greater part ot lii< time and attention. however, is devoted to tlie management of ins business affairs. He is a system- atic, determined, energetic and diligent, and these qualities are bringing to him we'l merited prosi>erity.

HUGH A. CAMPBELL.

Hugh A. Cami)l)c!l, a pr.iminent citizen nf Paul's \'alle\'. who has beeu honored with the office of mayor, was born in Philadelphia. Pennsylvania, on the I2tii of I-'ebruary, 1843. '^t'I '""'s early educational privileges were those aft'orded by the public schools of his native city. He was but eighteen years of age when, at the country's call for aid to crush the Rebellion, he joined the "boys in blue," becoming a member of Company H. of the Eighteenth Penn- sylvania Infantry, in April. iS6r. Hardly had the smoke from Fort Sumter's guns cleared away when he oft'ered his services to the government and for three years remained at the front. loyall\- fighting the battles whereby the L'ninn was preser\ed entire. He took part in the engagements at Ball's Bluff'. Fair Oaks, the seven days' fight in front of Richmond, the battles of Antietam. Fredericksburg. Chancellorsville. Gettysburg, the Wilderness and Petersburg. At Antietam he was wounded. With a military record itf which he has every reason to be proud, he returned to his home, having on many a field of carnage displayed his lovalty to the old flag.

After the war Mr. Campbell removed to Cincinnati. Ohio, where he worked at the trade of stove-molder until 1867. when he came to the Indian Territory, taking up his abode at Paul's Valley, in the Chickasaw nation. He engaged in hauling freight for the government from Leavenworth, Kansas, to this place for two years and then entered the emjilov of W. G. Williams. who was known as Caddo Bill. Subsequently he turnerl his attention to farm- ing and is now carrying on agricultural ]}ursuiis and stock-raising, meeting with creditable success in l)oth branches of his business. In cfiiinectinn with E, P. Baker he is also conducting a livery barn. His aff'airs are well managed and his labors brinu' to him a crratifying financial reward.

In the year 1S72. Mr. Campbell was united in marriage to Miss Julia Gardner, a niece of James Gardner. <^f Choctaw blood. L'nto our suliject and his wife have been liorn ten children, and seven of the number are n<iw living, namelv: Kate, Jennie, John. Rebecca. Mav. .\melia .\nctta and Elizabeth. Mr. Campbell is a member of Whitehead L.'doe. X,,. ;:;, V, Sc .\. M., and is now serving as its master, which position he has held for the past fi\c \-ears. a fact which indicates his high standing among bis brethren i<\ the fraternity. Fie has attained the thirty-<cconil detrree of the Scottish rite. Imldin'r member- ship in the consist-rv at \\'ichita, Kan<a<. He also belcin!:;^ to Whitebe:i(l Lodge. Xo. 13. I. O. n. v.. Whitehead Encampment, X... 3. Wag.-ner, Xo. r.

HISTORY OF INDIAN TERRITORY. 525

Chevaliers, and Crescent Ludge, Xl>. 15. K. of P., oi PauTs \'alle_\-. in which he has heen honored with the office of chancellor. In all measures antl ni.-\e- nients pertaining to the welfare and advancement of his adt'pted town he t;ikes an active interest and he served as the second mayor of PauFs \'alley. r,.ir thirty-three years he has resided at this place. lie has witnessed much vi its growth and deveUipment and has labored earnestly l(jr its improvement a"., ng substantial lines.

J. C. McXEILL.

The state of Mississippi has furnished many of the settlers uf the In.iian Territory, among whom is ]. C. ]\lcXeill. whose Ijirth occurred in Missis-i'ppi in November, 1850. He spent his childhood and youth in his native state. ^vhere he acquired a good practical education in the common scIkjoIs and earlv became familiar with all the duties and labors that fall to the agriculturist. In 1872 he left Mississippi and located in Texas, where he engaged in general farming and cattle-raising for a number "of years. He then removed, in iS'jj, to the Chickasaw natinn. where he followed the same bu>ines? for seven years, his highly cultivated fields yielding large harvests and by careful breeding and good care of his stock he found that branch of his business very profitable. In 1900 he moved to Pontotoc. Indian Territory, and engaged in the mer- cantile business, soon building up a good trade, and now has the largest >tore in the town, tie carries a large line of general merchandise, such as is needed by the early settlers of a new country, and by his fair dealing and accDUini. uht- ing thoug-iitfulness of the best interests m' his custon-ler^ he has become nne of tiie most popular merchants of the town.

In the year 1869 Mr. McXeillwas united in marriage ti> Miss Lad>'nia Phelps, a native of Mississip]:)i. by whom he had fi\e children, as fi.llous: Fannie. William E.. Samuel, Annie and Eddie, the latter now deceased. Vkt his second wife he chose ^[iss Mary F. Martin, his second union being iue.-<ed with six children: William T.. Reuben. John. Lowey X.. David and bXalina Sibyl, ^[r. McXeill and his wife botl\ h.^ld tr> the Christian faith, an^i he is a member of Simpson Leidge, Xo. 103. A. F. & A. 'SI.

R. H. VAUGHTER.

The educational interests of the Indian Territory are well represented, by Professor R. H. V'aughter, principal of one of the leading schools of Comier- ville, who was born in Callaway omnty. Mis^i'Uri. on the 7th of Ju!\-. 1853. He acquired his preliminary educatinn in the cummnn schnwls and began teaching when seventeen years of age. .\s a further nreparati'in fnr hi- cii. -en vocation of teaching he attended the State Xormal at Kirksville. Mi— "uri. graduating from that institution alxnit 1890. after which he accepted ;■ posi- tion as principal of scIkm.Is at Rushville. MisstAiri. remaining there for >e\ oral vears. He then went to Pontotoc. Indian Territory, in 1807, and \\a- prin-

526 HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY.

cipal of schools tliere three years, on tlie expiration of which period he resigned and went to Connerville. L'\)on locating there he purchased the school building and is now conducting one of the most successful schools of the territory. Besides the regular branches usually taught, there is a com- mercial department in connection with the school where the youth of the com- munity are well fitted for business life.

Professor Vaughter is not only a thorough scholar, but has the power to impart clearly and readily to others the knowledge which he has himself acquired, and of awakening a continually increasing interest in the minds of his pupils in the subjects under discussion before the class, 50 that he i? meeting with signal success in his work and is considered one of t'.ie ablest educators of the territory.

In January, iSqS. was celebrated the marriage of Professor Vaughter and Miss ^laggie ^Morrow, a native of Missouri, a very intelligent and cul- tured woman, who was educated at Christian College, at Fulton, Missouri, and at the State Normal, at \\'arrensburg, Missouri, and is now ably assist- ing her husband in his work in the school. She is a member of the Christian church, while the Professor is a Baptist. Both are earnest Christian people who take an active interest in church and charitable work and lend their influ- ence and co-operation to every movement cr measure calculated to advance the material, educational, social and moral interests of the cnmnuuiity in which they make their home, thus being loyal and valuable citizens cf Connerville.

WILLIA^I A. McALISTER.

William A. McAlister is successfully engaged in merchandising in I.ehigh, where he has a well-equipped store. He deserves great credit for what he has accomplished in life, as he has worked his way upward unaided, depend- ing only upon the substantial qualities of indefatigable energy, firm resolution and unfaltering perseverance. He was born in Alabama in 1859. His father, John r^Ic.Mister, was a native of Georgia and by occupation was a mechanic. In early life he removed to Alabama, where he spent his remaining days, his death occurring in the year 18S1. He married Thecdosia Herring, a native of Alabama, in which state the wedding was celebrated. Her death occurred in 1869.

No event of special importance occurred to vary the routine of lite f:ir our subject in his youth. The greater part of his attention \\a> given ti> the acquirement of an education in the public schools of Barber cnunty, in which county he was born and reared. In 1882 he crossed the Mississippi river and made his way to Paris. Texas, where he resided for five years, (luring which time he was connected with a mercantile establishment ami becrune familiar with business methods along that line. He then rcm.vcd to Lehigh, his present home, in th.e spring of 1S88. For three years he was em]iloved as a salesman by the Choctaw Mercantile Coin])any. with which he remained until its establishment was destrr.ved bv fire. From 1890 until 189:^ he was

HISTORY OF INDIAX TERRITORY. 527

a member of the C'voperative Store C(.>mi)an_\' and su!>sequeiitly engaged witli otiier mercantile firms in Lehig-li until January i, 1899, wiien he embarked in bu>ine>5 on his own accoinit. He now has one of the neatest and best equipped general stores in this section of the nation. His trade is cunstantly expanduig and he is meeting with well de-crved pn_'sperity in his undertakings. He is als<o financially interested in the Ikuik of Lehigh and is treasurer oi the Lehigh Commercial Club.

Mr.- McAlister \\a^ united in marriage to Aliss Alary Royal, wl-rv was lj<Drn in Te.xas and is of Kugli>h lineage, her parents having been born in England, w-jiich cuuntry Mrs. McAlister has visited several times. Mrs. McAlister belongs to the Episcopal church and Air. AIcAlister has member- ship relations with the Knights of Pythias fraternity. He is a public spirited citizen, withholding- his support from no measure or movement intended to advance the general good. He was early thrown upon his own resources in life, but by determined purjiose worked his way upward to a position of afihience. brooking n..' obstacles that could be overcome by resolute will and honest effort.

BEXTOX R. LOOXEV. AL D.

One of the leading physicians and popular druggists of Alill Creek, Indian Territory, is Benton R. Looney, who was born at West Eulton, Itawamba county, Alississippi. January 27, 1S59. When four years of age he accompanied his parents to Arkansas, in 1S63, and there received liis preliminary education in the common schools. He then decided tn make the practice of medicine his life work and to that end he pursued a thomugh course of study in the Alemphis Hospital Aledical College, graduating from that institution in 1S91. Being thus well fitted for the practice of his chosen profession, he located, in 1S93. at Dougherty, Indian Territory, where he oixnied an office and soon gained a fair amount of patronage, remaining there until July, 1900, when he came to Alill Creek and again engaged in practice until Jaimary i, 1901, when he retired from practice on account of ill healt'.i. \\'hile at Dougherty, in 1897, he engaged in the drug business in connection with his practice and by his courteous treatment of his patrons and his straightforward dealing estalilished a good trade. He also conducts a drug store in Alill Creek, being the first druggist of the place. He liuilt the iir>t house there in July, 1900. and is one of its leading citizens.

Dr. Lo. .ney was u.nited in marriage. January 24, i88(). to Aliss \'ict-ria Blanche AR-'rruw. a lady ot education, culture and refinement, by whom 'le has four children, naiuely : Terrance Curtis, James Benton, Archibald Wcblui and Willie Victoria, who complete the i)leasure of their parents' homo.

Dr. Looney is an enterprising, progressive man, of keen discrimination and clear judgnnent in diagnosing disease and by his comprehensive knowl- edge of the science of meilicine is very successful in alleviating the sufferings of his fellownien and therefore has gained ]irominence in his \\i rk. He has

528 HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITOKY.

been surgeon t..r the Gel.M.nite and l^.ck Creek Asphalt C-Mupanies, me<hcal examiner fur tlie Manliattan Muuuil Lite insurance L\n-r.niy. of New York citv. and is a member of thj ehicka-aw .\le(Hcal A>.-.oeui;.. ■!. i'raternally lie is a identitied with Sulphur Lodge, No, IU5. A. L. >S; A. .\L. of which he is now master: Hiram Chapter. Xo. nj. K. A. :^L. and Knights of I'ythias. <.f Davis, Indian Territory, and he and his wife are lucnlc;- 01 tiie I'.a^tjrn Star, at Davis. He is "president of the Commercial Ciuh. .it Mill Creek, and has the respect and high regard of all with whom he i- li"nght in contact either in professional or private life.

JUDGE JOHX W. EARLEY.

The name of Judge Earley is so inseparably interwoven with the history of the Indian Territory, and especially with the annals oi the Ottawa nation, that this work would be incomplete without e.xtended mention of his career. There are few men whose lives are crowned with the honor and respect which is universally accorded to Judge Jolin W. Earley: but through about a thirtl oi a century's connection with the histoi-y of the Territory ln> has lieen an un- blemished character. With him success in life has l)een reached by his sterling qualities of mind and a heart true to every manly jirinciplc: he ha? never de- viated from wdiat his judgment would iiulicate to be right and honorable be- tween his fellowmen and himself: he has ne\er swerved from the path of duty; and now. after a long and eventful career, he can look back over the past with pride and enjoy the r.emaining years of his earthl_\- pilgrnnage with a con- sciousness of having gained i^'V himself by his honorable, -traightforward career the confidence and respect of the entire Cv.immunity in which he lives. \\"e read of the lives of the her.-es of the jiast. and the\ not only juMse of historical interest but serve to inspire and enc(jurage u-^ : \et ue need not go to former ages for examples that are worthy of emulation. The men of to- day who have won distinction and honor equal in exemplary traits of character those who have passed away: and the life record of Judge E.arly may well prove of great benefit if we will but heed the ol)\ious L->son> which it contains.

Judge Earley was born in Sandusky county. Ohio, in iS;^4. His father was Ko-ton-kee, a three-quarter Ottawa.'and his mother was a half-breed by the name of Skosh. both being natives of Ohio. Ketuckee. the paternal grand- father, was the chief of one of the b;m(L of Ottawas. jud.L;e Earley's jiarents had four children, the eldest of whom wa- Susan. She wa^ born in 1S30 and married William Herr. one ..f the mo~t nntcl Ottawas of the tribe, fler deatii occurreif Jnlv 6. i8<)S. John and Joseph were twin brothers, and the latter died at tlie age of two vear>. while .the vounge^t - 'U died in infancy. The father of ,,ur .^ubject died ab..ut the ye;ir 1S3O. an<l tw.. year^ later the mother became the wife of H<in. Jame? \\iiid. for many war- the principal chief of the Ottawas and a first cousin of .Mr. luulcy's father. L.y this mar- riage there were three children, a daugliter and two son-. James died in in- fancy. Solom<in and Elizabeth were twins and the fcruK-r died in 1S59.

HISTORY OF IXDI.IX TERRITORY. 5^9

tlic latter pa>-ed awav in 1^*13. Mr-. Wind was called tn her tinal re>t in 1848, and her second husband married a daugluer of the principal chief ot the Ottawas, W'abee, whose wife was known as Aunt Jane Knig. Her name was Sallie. She lived to be about me lumdred and twenty years of age and was buried in the cemetery of the Ottawas in the Indian Territory. By the second marriage of Mr. Wind there were three children, — Christopher, Joseph and Catherme. — all still living, and the last named is the wife of Walter Jennison, of Ottawa. James Wind \vas Shawpanda and his father's name wa< X:itno, interpreted wind. James Wind was well educated in the Ottawa tongue, be- came a Baptist minister and was also the judge, chief and orator of tlie tribe. He died in 1S74. His oldest brother, who was christened David Green, was well educated in both the English and Ottawa tongue, and was an interpreter and translator of the Xew Testament and of various hymns. He, too, was a Baptist minister and engaged in proclaiming the gospel to his people for many years. He succeeded Jacob Miller as interpreter and was in turn succeeded by William Herr.

Judge Earley. whose name introduces this record, received but fourteen months schooling, and that was obtained in the Methodist niis-i.ni in tlie Shaw- nee reservation in Kansas, near Kansas City. In this way, however, he. laid the foundation for the broad general knowledge he has since acquired, and to- day he is an exceedingly well informed man, capable of conversing intelligently upon all matters of general interest. In his boyhood he acted as a clerk in the stores of the Indian traders on the reser\-ation, but in 1855 he resolved to turn his attentioii to agricultural pursuits and was thus engaged through tlie sum- mer mouths, while in the winter season he continued serving as a salesman in various mercantile establishments, his time being thus occupied until after the inauguration oi the Civil war. In 1863 he enlisted in the Sixteenth Kansas Cavalry, and participated in the Price raid, serving under Colonel Davis and Lieutenant-Gdonel Sam Walker, who was in conuuand of the regiment most of the time. In December. 1865. the Judge was mustered cut.

Immediately thereafter our subject returned to his former prsition in a store at Ottawa, Kansas, in 1867. and was elected a delegate to Washington to arrange the treaty ior the founding of a new reservation. The principal chief of the Shawnees, Lewis Davis by name, being in full power to dispose of their reservation or anv portion of it. met the delegates of the Ottawa tribe, these being John Wilson, the principal chief. Jnlm T. Junes and Judge Earley. while William Herr acted as interpreter. The chief nf the Shawnees embraced an opportunitv of showing their appreciation < f a great favor wdiich had been extended to him and his peii]ilc during the wru". when the Ottawas extended to them their hospitality an<l kiudues- at the time they were driven fr<MU their reservation, having n<> jilace t" g' ■. They were callcil together and then the chief acknowledged to them jiis gratitude for the benefits received during that lime and offered to sell them I'ue-half of the .Shawnee reservation for a d')llar an acre, being willing to do this if they could obtain permission of th.e United

5„o HISTORY OF INDIAN TERRITORY.

Statci governnicnt. }Ic tnld them of the rich fertile soil, the tine climate and good water, antl then ottered to make a return of tlie kindneis which iii^ jje^iple had recei\ed at the hands uf the Ottawa^. The latter nation immediately ac- ceptetl the otter and measures were taken to ettect the sale on the terms slated by the chief, a dollar jier acre for ab^nit fifteen thousand acres. Congress rati- fied the treaty in 18O9 and the Ottawas emigrated to their new reservation in 1S70. Four years previous to this time the tract of territory now known as the Oua[)aw agency, wa- occupied by the Ouapaws, Eastern Shawnees and Senecas.

At the death of John Wilson, James Wind was made the chief, and in company with William Herr, James Wolf and Judge Earley he started, in 1868, fur the new home. Two years later the subject of this review was elected the judge of the tribe and served in that capacity for one year. In 1S81 he was elected chief for a term of four years, and on the expiration of that period he was succeeded by ]\Ioses Pooler. In 1887 Solomon Clay was elected chief, but being a young man and feeling that the responsibilities of the otifice were too great, he by the will of his people resigned in favor of Judge Earley, \vho accordingly tilled that office during the term.

In January, 1S88, the Judge was invited to atend a convention at Kansas City, Missouri, to see what could be done in the \va)- of opening up Oklahoma. The meeting was convened in the board of trade hall in Kansas City, on the /th of February, 18S8, and Mr. Earley was called upon to express his views. He foimd himself in,hearty sympathy with the majority of the men in the con- vention and was there elected as one of the committee to go to Washington and arrange for the opening up of Oklahoma. At the time he was on his way to the capital city, in company with Joseph L. King ,to investigate tlie proposi- tion of being able to recover about forty-two thousand dollars which belonged to the Ottawas and which had been misappropriated l)y the Indian agent. The Oklahoma committee succeeded in opening this section and its development has become now a matter of history. On the 2d of December, 1S90. Air. Earley was appointed by the United States government as the judge of the 'court t)f Indian attairs for the Ouapaw agenc_\", — an office which came to him entirely unsolicited. He held that position for seven years, discharging his duties with marked promptness and fidelity. His court convened Monday of each alternate week and he received fnur dollars per day for his services. On liis retirement from that p.'sitioM he Ujuk u]) his abode upoil his fann and is now quietly living among the memiier- l'I Ir- family.

Judge Earley was first married in 1854. t. > Miss Eliza Jane AIcKnabb. a half-breed Ottawa, and one child was bv'rn unto them, Isabel. wiii;se birth occurred April 24, 1859. She became the wife of William Jones, t!ie marriage taking place near Miami in the Indian Territory, and her (Icath occm-red Feb- ruary 15, 1882. Mrs. Earley died in March. 1862. and in Jmie of the same year the Judge married !Miss Elizabeth Wilson, a daughter of Chief John Wilson, by whom he had two children : James, who was born Julv i t, i8r)4.

HISTORY OF IXDIAN TERRITORY. 53 •

and died April jo, 1805; and Mary, wiv) was liorn Xcvenihur 26. 1866, and died May 23, 1884. The mother departed tins Hfe on the -h1 of May, 18S6, and in Aujjfiist, 1888, tlie Judge married Mrs. EHzalieth Dayj^nett, the widow of Edwin Daggnett, of the Peoria nation. She is a white lady, a native of Indiana and a daugiiter of John C. and Mary (Huxford) Shaw, in 1S55 Mrs. Earley had married Eel win R. Uaggnett, and unto them were born nine children, three of whom died in infancy. Sandord lived to l)e fourteen years of age and died in 1883. Hattie, born April 14, 1861. became the wife of Sheldon Wright, by whom she had two daughter.s. Xellie anil Lida. The former is now a teacher in the Grace school in South Dakota, an Indian school in which she has been employed for five years. Buth she and her sister are graduates of the Haskell Institute at Lawrence, Kansas. Lida is also a teacher. Her husband died in 18S2 and she was again married in 1884 to James McXeal, a nur>eryman of Miami, Indian Territory, by whom she has three children, — William, Andrew and Viola, — all residents of ■Miami. Al- bert Daggnett. the next child of Mrs. Earlev, born Decemlier 17, 1865, and married Mary Robbs, of Xeosho. Missouri. They had one child, Xeliie, now four years of age. Albert Daggnett died in June 17, iS()^. Mary Emma. born October 30. 1871. was married in' February. iNNd. t; . Lewis Miller, of I\[iami, and they have three children: Ethel, born in 1889; Clarence, born in 1892, and Edwin, born in 1S94. Mr. iMiller died December 30, 1S96, and on the I2th of March. 1898, his widow became the wife of James King, a son of Hon. Joseph B. King, by whom she has one child, Robert, who was born in 1900. Charles E. Daggnett was born September 17, 1873, ^"'^ married Esther ]vliller, a sister of Lewis ^liller, a Aliami Indian. Their marriage occurred in the autumn of 1893 ^"'1 t'l^y h^d one child. May, who died at the age of ten months. Anna, born in May, i8Sr, married Herman Gallencamp, a Ger- man and a native of St. Louis. Alissouri. Their marriage was celebrated July 12, 189S. and they have one child, Esther, born April lo. 1900. Mrs. Earii'v s father died during- her infancy. Her mother was a native of Hartford, Con- necticut, and at an early day emigrated to Ohio. After the deatli of her husband, which occurred iu Indiana, she went to I'aola. Kansas, and lived there during the triaiblous times preceding the Civil war. She boarded John Brown, the celebrated A])>>!itiniiist. when he visited that portiMn of the country. Her death occurred in September. 1856.

Judge Earley an<i his wile are both consistent memljers of the Ottawa Baptist church and take an active interest in its work, doing a'l in their power to prontote its upbuilding. He also belongs to the Grand Army of the Repub- lic. T!ie Judge is a man of fine physique, five feet, nine inches in height and weighs two hundred and twenty-five pounds. He has left the impress of his individuality stri ngiy ui)c'n the pnigres-;, inijir. :vemeiu and ]>. licy of 'Jie Ot- tawa natiiin. . I lis personal (|r.a!ities are such a-^ to make men esteem and h<Mior him. and kiIldne^s, amiabilit}- and courtesy characterize his social relations.

532 HISTORY OF IXDL-IX TERRITORY.

WILLIAM JAL'KSOX.

William Jack^uii has attaineii a cfLilitaljle degree uf success in the busi- ness world and is now engaged in dealing in real estate in Wagoner, Indian Territory. His life illustrates what may be accomplished through energy, industr}- and careful managemem. He was born in Devonshire, Englar.d, May 4, 1S35, and is a son of John Judson and Mary (Amery) Jackson, both of whom are now deceased. His early education was acquired in the private schools in Devonshire, where he continued his studies until twelve years of age. He then accompanied his parents on their emigration to the United States, the family landing in Xew Orleans in 1S48. They proceeded to join Peters' colony in Dallas county, Texas. The organizers of this colony ga\e six hundred and forty acres of land to all settlers who arrived there prior to July 4, 1848. Mr. Jackson's family reached their destination after that date, but, on proving that their intentions had been to reach Texas before the specified time, a special act of the legislature was enacted and the father of our subject was allowed his portion. In the Lone Star state William Jackson continued his education for a short time and then turned his attention to farming. He afterward conducted a wagon train carrying flour to the west- ern forts and became identified with military operations by joining X. H. Darnell's company of Texas Rangers, in 3.1. T. Johnson's regiment. He then assisted in guarding the frontier and in that time saw much active service. At the outbreak of the Ci\il war he enlisted in the Eighteenth Texas Cavalry as orderly sergeant. At Fort IMcCullough the company was cut olT from Darnell's regiment and attached to Scantling's squadron. After con- scription came into effect Captain Witt resigned and ^Ir. Jackson, of tMs review, was elected as captain of the company, serving in that capacit}- thr.jugh- out the remainder of the war.

When hostilities were over Captain Jackson became interested in the cattle-raising industry and drove his herds through the Indian Territ'Tv to Abilene. Kansas, and other places, continuing to raise and deal in cattle until iSSr, when he located at Fort Gibson as post-trader. There he remained for four years and on the expiration of that [)eriod took up his abode upnu his farm. near Wagoner, where he remained until 1805. when he Iricated in the town and erected his present residence. He ihmv own> a number of houses in Wagoner and has other real estate interests which bring to him a good income.

In the year 1S62 'Sh. Jackson married 3Iiss ]\Iartha E. Harris, an own cousin of Chief Harris of the Cherokee nation. They now have three chil- dren: Walter IL, now deceased, who married Cherry Brewer, a daughter of Judge Brewer, of Webber's Falls, Indian Territ<;ry. and now has one child. Walter W. In public affairs he has been very prominent. He is a graduate of Cumberland University in Tennessee, also of the Cherukee ^.lale Seminary. where he was graduated as an attorney. At one time he held the pnsition of postmaster at Wagoner, leaving that office when he was appointed I'nite 1 States commissii.ner by Judge Springer. In the latter i.>flice he remain.ed lintil

HISTORY OF INDIAN TERRITORY. 533

fi.rced to resign on aco.-unt of ill iiealth. Andrew Jacksnn, the secmul mui of tile family, married Geurgic Kincaid and they ha\e "iie child, Mattie Elizabeth. The third child, Minnie, is the wife uf (). D. Slee[)er, a pn^minent cattle-dealer of Wagoner, and they have three children, namely: Jnlia, Gideon I), and \\'alter J. Captain Jackson has one child, William X., by a former marriage, \vho is a comity commissioner of Denton county, Texas, fie married Aliss Ella Shields and has two children. — Mary and Charley.

Captain Jackson has always taken an active part in the attairs of the na- tion has been a member of the council and was the tirst mayor of Wagoner, His administration was practical and business-like and won him the approval of the majority of the citizens. In his fraternal relations he is a Alason, while in his political attiliations he is a Democrat.

TANDY C. WALKER.

Prominent in the pul»lic aftairs of the Chickasaw nation, Mr. Walker is z man of intluence and alnlity, well fitted for leadership, lie was born in the Choctaw nation, July 14, 1S40. His paternal grandfather, John Walker, was a native of Alabama and came with the Choctaws from that state to the Terri- tory. His wife, Molly. ( Kiddle ) Walker, was a half-breed Choctaw Indian. He became a successful and e.xtensive stock-raiser and farmer and was a large slave holder. For a number of years he was actively identified with agricult- ural interests in the Territ'Tv. where he died about 1850. His wife, passed away about 1S48.

Their son, Lewis \\'a!ker. became the father of our ^u]lject, and am.ther son was Governor Tandy Walker. The fL>rmer was bi>rn in ^lississippi and came to the Indian Territory when the Choctaws left their homes in that state and became inhabitants of th.c reserwition here. He weilded Mary Cheadle, a native of Chickasaw nation in ^lississippi and a daughter of Thomas Cheadle, wr.o married a Miss Kemp, a half-breed Chickasaw. Lie was a farmer and s:c-ck tiealer and operated his land by the aid of negro slaves. His d;ath oc- ci;rrevi in the Choctaw nation. The marriage of Lewis and Mary ( Ciieadle) Walker was blessetl with two children, but ^Lartlia. the younger and the only daughter, is now deceased. The fatlier passed away about 1S42 and the "lorher afterward became the wife of Cnhmel J. J. Jolm.-t. m. by v.honi she had :V'nr children, namely: William. Frank. D. H., who is n<>w serving as gov- ernor oi the Chicka.-aw nation and X. 11.

Mr. \\'alker. whi^-e name introduces this re\iew. pursued his education in the Choctaw nation and since entering up-on !ns business career has been an ixtensive stock-raiser. He is a lover of fine horses and an excellent judge of good stock, and these qualities enabled him to make jutlicious in- vestments. The stock from his farm always finds a ready sale upon the r.'.nrket. owing to the excellent grades which he rai>es and the fine omditiiii of t'.:e animals. At the time of the Civil war he served in the Confederate r.r-ny with the state tru.ips of .\rkansas, under Captain Lewis and Colonel

534 HISTORY OF IXDIAN TERRITORY.

Rusey Carrol. After being at tlie front for six months he was appointed scout for General CiMiper.

Mr. Walker has taken a \ery active part in [)ul>lic aflairs an.l thr(.ugh his etikient service has larg-ely promoted tiie welfare of his people. He was sheriff of Tobocksy comity in the Choctaw nation and also represented that county in the national assembly. After C(jming- to the Chickasaw nation he was elected captain of militia and afterward wa.-> permit collector for two y.^rs. He also filled the pHisition of senator for two years, served as a delegate to Washington, D. C, and signed the deed selling the Cheyenne and Arapahoe country. In 1897 he was a delegate to Washington under Governor Harris' administration, being sent to the capital to protest against the Dawe<. and Choctaw agreement, and was appointed one oi the commissioners to assist the Dawes and Choctaw rolls of citizens and is now chainnan of that commission. He is strictly fair and trustworthy in the discharge of all his public duties, and his official record is unassailable.

Mr. Walker has been twice married, and by his first marriage, to Adebne Wade, he had two children.— The<:idore and Annie. The former is now in the United States army, serving as a member of the heavy artillery at Presidio, California, and the latter is th.e wife cjf G. H. Perry. In Ma}', iS^'15. Mr. Walker \\-as united in marriage to Miss ]Mary Isabelle C(-)chran, a half-breed Choctaw, and unto them have been born seven children who are now living, namely: Robert T., J. Tandy, James C, Cornelia, Ida, Catherine and ^vlinnie.

Mr. Walker certainly deserves representation in this volume as one of the leading men of his nation, for he has done much to promote its public attairs. While he was first in war he was also first in peace for the welfare of his country, and his name appears first on the Chicka=.aw rolls for the allotment of the land.

CAPTAIX W. C. THOMPSON'.

Captain W\ C. Thompson is occui)ying the ix>sition of mayor of ]Marlo\v and his administration is progressive and business-like, thereby promoting the best interests of the city. He is one of the distinguished residents of this por- tion of the Territc»ry and has long been a recognized leader in public affairs. He was born February 6. 18,^9. in the Ciioctaw nation and his father was ^\'illiam Thompson, a son of Henry Th<im[)son. who came from Mississippi to the Territory about 1S34. The latter married Miss Margaret McCoy, a half- breed Choctaw Inilian. and died in the Cluictaw nation, as did his wife. Will- iam Thompson, the father of our subject, was born in Mississippi and also passed away in the Choctaw nation. He married Elizabetli Mangum, a cr.u^iu of Dr. A. S. Mangum. of Siicrman. Texas, in whose honor the town of Man- giim in Greer county. Oklahoma, is named. ^Irs. Thompson was also called to her final rest while residing in the Choctaw nation. By her marriage she had two sons, but the Captain is the only one now living. His brother. Arthur J., died in 1SS3, lea\ ing one d.uigliter. Mr>. Siubblefield. of Centrali.-i. Trinity

HISTORY OP ISDIAN TERRITORY. 535

countv. Texas, ami one son. William R. Thompson, wlio makes his home in :^Iarl..\v.

Ca[)taia TlK/nip-nn '>i this review was rearcil ui^in the home farm and pursued his education in Simiisi»n county, Mississippi, in 1861, when the country was in\o!ved in Civil war. his patriotism was aroused in behalf of his beloved southland anil he enlisted in the Confederate armv as a member of the Sixth Missis.-ippi Regiment. He entered the service as a private, but was pntinoted to captain on the Sth of May. 1862. being one of the youngest in age to hold that rank among the troops of the state. He served in the company by the side of }iIajor Patrick Henn.-. of Brandon. Mississippi, and his valor and bravery won him advancement until at the close of the war he held the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Sixth and Twentieth [Mississippi Regiments, which had been consolidated. In the battle of Shiloh. on the Cith of April. 1862. he was wounded and was also wounded in the engagement at Port Gibson, on the 1st of ]^Iay. 1863. He was in the Georgia campaign from Dalton to Atlanta under General Johnson and afterward under General Hood. At the battle of Franklin he was shot through the thigh and fell into the hands of the Federal troops. This was on the 17th of December. 1864. and he was held a prisoner until the close of the war. However, in the previous year he had been detailed to support Cowan's Battery on the 19th of June. 1864. and de- tailetl to report to Colonel Fared, of the Fifteenth Mississippi Regiment in order to drive the Federals from Peach Tree creek. This engagement resulted in a bayonet charge, whereby they drove the Union troops from the place. Captain Thompson was ever brave and faithful in the discharge of his military duty and had the respect and confidence of his superior otficers and his men.

After the war he went to Lancaster. Dallas county. Texas. He had not a dollar and so the success which he has achieved is due entirely to his own well-directed etturts. In the year 1866 he engaged in teaching school and afterward accejited a clerkship in a store at Sumpter. Trinity county. Texas. He remained at that place for a number of years and then went to Pennington, where he entered inf 'business with Judge \\'illiam Cox. Sul)sec[uently he removed t'> Cer.tralia. where he was engaged in merchandising until 1876, when he was elected c.^imty judge. ser\'ing in that capacity tiir ugl; L.:;e term. On his retirement from riffice he removed to Parker county. wV.cvi he followed merchandising for ten years, meeting with creditable -^ucce^^ in Ins mercantile ventures. In the year 1889 he came to .\rdmore. Indian Territory, and i^n tlie 1st of May. 189T. he located at Marlow, being (^ne of the first to engage in lousiness in tiiis ])Iace. In 1S94. ho\\e\-er. he sold his store and since that time he lias lield the office of notary public. In n^oi he was elected mavor and is now at the liead of municipal aft'airs. discharging hi- dutie-~ witli promptness and fidelity.

Captain Thompson was united in marriage on the Joth of May. 181)7. ^'^ Miss Sarah S. I".>tes. of S.'.miiter. Trinity county. Texa-. and unto them have been Ixirn three children: Mav Mangnm. now the wife of William G. Mc- Xee>e. of Marl-w; Arth.ur M..'a ireneral merchant of the town: ai;d Wlliani

536 HISTORY Of IXDIAX TERRITORY.

C. who is eiii^-ai^'cd in clerking- in iiis lirutiier's store. Captain Thompson was made a Masun on tlie lOtli of April, i8'>J, at Mount Olivet, OiviuL;t(jii cnunty, Mississippi, and in his life has shown forth the principles of the fraternity by his consideration, justice and kindness to others. He is a jj^entlenian oi f'>rce- ful character, strons' individuality and sterling worth and well deserves the political honor which is accorded him.

Mrs. AXGELIXE LOTZ.

The life history of the subject of this sketch reads like one. of the romances which j)icture imjxjssible e\ents. It begins in Canada, where on ^lay lo, 182S, a daughter was born to Anthony and Angeline Byron, the father being one-half French blood and the other half of Ottawa blood, the mother being more French th.an Ottawa. Three children already belonged to them : Joseph, who was born about 1S26. died in Armstrong, Ontario, Canada; !Matilda, who was born about 1S30. married Henry Clay and died in 18S5 ; and ur sub- ject, little Angeline, when the family removal was made to Kansas.

When Angeline was but two }-ears of age her father died. Mrs B^ron marrying Moses Pooler some time later: but she died in Ap,ril. 184.^ when Angeline was but fifteen years old. A Quaker missionary by tlie name of Thomas Wells, a g"ood and saintly man. then took charge of Angelin.e and placed her in the school at Westport. Kansas. When his miss'onary work called him to another place, he took .\ngeline together with Joseph King and his sisler Lucia and placed them with proper people in \\'aynesvirie, Ohio, and here Angeline lived a happy life, and on June 13. 1840, was married to an excellent man, William Branen. a native of Scotland. Mr. and Mr>. Branen moved then to Aladison, Indiana, where they remained live year?. locating then in Indianapolis, where they remained until the death of !Mr. Branen, November 15. 1885.

This iniion hail resulted in a family of eight sons anil r-ne daughter: William, who was born April 30. 1850. died ten years later; James, w'.io was born Octol)er 4. 185 J, died at the age of twenty-six; Hugh L., who was born Janua'-_. 5. 1855. married !Mary Donelly. of Cincinnati, and they have one child, Clkirles. l>"irn in 18S5. Mr. Branen was given a permanent positirm in the first Bell Telephone nthce e-tablislied in Cincinnati and remaineil until his death, at the age of twenty-nmc. His wi(l..w still lives in that city. The next child born to our subject was Ji'hn. wIm was b'lrn September 5. 1857. and was a telegrajjli operator in Inciianap. iji.- at the tim,; of hi-^ death, when twenty-one year- old ; ^lary, who was born ^lavcli 4. i8f)0. married J. C. Shel- ton, of Kansas Cit_\-. Missouri, and <-'ne -"U. I'rcderick Harlow, was born to his wife bv a iMrnier iTiarriage, Svi'tenibir !■). 1S87: Ji.seph. wli.i was born Fel)ruarv 13. iS('i_': William, who ditd January 23. 1804. at the age of six- teen: l-"'ranci>. wh.i was bi :rn .Vugu-t 14. i8(i(',. died at tlie age i)f <ix year-;; and FrcdLM-ick. uh.. was Imrn T)i.ceniber T,, iSoS, died at the age oi two }-ear3 and six uMnths.

7

t^^^

o^L^

HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY. 537

Tlie time came when Mrs. Braiien hcyaii to feel lonesome, and then came to her a Ijomesick feeling for the old tribe to which her parents had Ixdonged. Her children iiad either died or were separated in homes of their own, and with the partial hope of learning something of her childhood associates she started west. Her husband had never met any of the members of the race to which she was attached, and objected to her communicating with them; hence they had apparently forgotten her and she had lost all trace of them.

W ith limited means ^Irs. Branen bravely started out nn her quest, stepping in the meantime in Kansas City. While there she apiilied for a position as forewoman in the employ of the firm of Wolf Brothers, in their laundry, offer- ing to perform the duties for one whole month for nothing, as she had never attempted work of this kind before. Her appearance and manner pleased the manager of the house, and she was given the position for one month on half wages, and satisfied her employers so well that she was retained as long as she would remain, seven years, receiving a salary of sixty dollars per month, this being more than they had paid her predecessor.

Safe and happy in her position, Mrs. Branen accumulated one thousand dollars, which she placed in a bank. Her eld longing to see once more the relatives and friends of childhood was recalled when she read in the city paper that John Early, the chief of the Ottawa tribe, with Joseph B. King, w.;re present in Kaiisas City and the night previously J. W. Early had addres^ed a convention. Without delay she started out to see them, but found they had left for Washington city that morning; and the best that Mrs. Branen could do w.as to write a letter to ^Ir. King at Baxter Springs. Upon receipt of this missive Mrs. King took it to Moses Pooler, who decided that it must be from his half-sister of whom the family and tribe had entirely lost sight of. This happened in January, iS88, and in June following ]^Irs. Branen reached Indian Territory and was reunited to her people, from whom she had been separated for over half a century. Lucia King, who had accompanied her to Ohio, mar- ried John P. Heat, of Chicago, and. Joseph B. returneil to tlie tribe ! n.g before.

;Mr5. Branen's return was ju-t in time for her to receive her alli'iment of land and h^ locate the allotments for herself and grandchildren. She has improved them and looks after the rents herself, her son Joseph being in Xew Mexico. For three years s!ie livetl on her farm, and when the Miami town site was opened she bought fnur h ts. ^n which she has since built a neat cot- tage, and there this noble and a(hniral)Ie wonian lives, liai)py in the nli(l^t of her own people.

On January 15, iSgo. she was married to Peter Lotz, of German descent, a native of Covington, Kentucky, who is now employed at Kansas City. She has I)een prrmiinently idcntitieil with the \\'. C. T. U. anil is a memlier of the G. A. R. relief corps, and has accepted the trusting faith of the Quaker church. She has borne many burdens, facing intemperance and poverty in her family life in such a way as to cause her to champion the party which is working to subjugate the evil. She speaks with pride ni the n'l>le assistance and support

538 HISTORY OF IXPl.-iX TERRITORY.

given her by her sons, so many of whom were so early removed by death, and Hves a l<^vely, peaceful but Inisy life, in amity with all, and altiiough the oldest living member of her tribe, possesses as clear an intellect as in her youth. .

JOIIX O'RILFA'.

This most enterjirising citizen of Durant has contributed in a very large measure to the upbuilding and pri^gress of the town. He owns considerable real estate and nut only does much, i>y improving this property, for the general good of the c<:unmunity, but also withholds his sup^xirt from no mea-^ure or movement calculated to advance the general interests. He is likewise the owner of a ranch in this vicinity, and his business affairs are so contlucted as to win him a handsome financial return.

Mr. O'Riley is a native of Georgia, his birth ha\ing occurred in 1S50. His father, James O'Riley, was born on the Emerald isle and when a \"ung man came 10 America. He was a brickmason by trade, and on cr(->ssing the Atlantic took up his abode in South Carolina, whence he afterward removed to Georgia, his death occurring in the Empire state of the south. In the year 1S74 he married Sarah Rice, who was born and reared in South Carolina and died in Georgia, in 1878. Their son. John O'Riley. spent his boyhood days under the parental roof and in early life learned the trade of carpenter and bridge-builder, which he followed during the greater part of the time until he became a resident of Durant. When a young man he went to Florida and worked along the coast on different steamboats. He afterwanl removed to Texas, where he successfullv follrnved his trade of bridge-building, for several years aiding in constructing several bridges across the Brazos and other rivers. In 1874-5 he worked on the liridge across Red river just below the 3.[issouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad bridge. He was married in 1878 and located per- manently in the Indian Territory, settling on a farm in Blue county, in the Choctaw nation. He has lived either in '>v ncru- 1 )urant since the time when it contained only two or three houses, and in iSijo he erected his prc-ent .^pacinus residence, which is one of the fine-t h-mies in the city. He also has a cattle ranch two and a half miles east of Durant and has large herds of cattle, which are nf excellent grade and therefore Iiave a high marketable value. \'arious other business enterprises claim his time and attemiMU and indicates his superi'ir executive ability. lie is a ilirect'ir in the !)urant National Bank and has con- siderable real estate, including a st"re building en the west side of the -(|uare, a new residence building in the n. Ttliern jiart nt the t^nvn and a restaurant building near the dejint. Since cuming t" the Territ^ -ry lu- lia> bcjn .ictively C(jnnected with the husincs'^ interest- of the city, and hi- diligence, enterprise and capable management have n^t ■■nK- been "i individual le.Rlit but Ikuc aided largelv in prumnting the tjeneral pr(-pjritv.

-\lr. ( )'Rilev wa> nin'ied in marriage tn Catherine Harkin-, a reiire-eiitative of a Ch.ictaw family an<l a daughter ..f Cn'oiiel (,e..rge I lark'n-. wl- died

HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY. 539

ahriU tlie clnse ni the Civil war. Seven ciiildren ^jraced tiiis marriage, namely : Arlee. Lester Rtn-. Zula. Lulu. Lela.Ora and Zelma. The family is one of prominence in the community and the housel'.old is noteil for its gracious hospitalitv. Mr. D'Kiley holds high rank among th.e le;-.ding and inllneiuial citizens of Durant. and wherever he is kmuvn he i.-^ held in warm regard hy reason of his genial manner, his sterling wortli and unfailing ctmrte-y. His success has l)een the result of honest, persistent ettMrt in the l.ne of lionorahle, Straightforward and manly dealing.

WILLIAM 1-. WAKKEX.

Anmng- the m'>st prominent speculators and successful husiness nun of the Lidian Territory is William F. Warren, a native of Maryland, h-s hirth having occurred in the city of Baltimore on the lOth day of August, 1864. He was educated in the puhlic schools of his native city and at the age of seventeen went to Arkansas, locating at Brownstown. that state, where he remained a year, and removed from Arkansas to the Choctaw nation. In i8K_' he took up his abode near what is now Berwyn. where he engaged in farming until 1891. wdien he took v\\> his residence in the town of Berwyn, where In- became interested in mercantile pur.suits and has been a salesman and business manager in almost ever^- successful mercantile finn in the town. He has also invested largelv in real estate, b.eing the owner of a large ranch of eighteen hundred acres, twelve miles from Berwyn, and of a fine farm of one thousand acres in tlie Washita valley and am-ther fine farm near Berwyn. He also has a fine resi- dence, built in modern style of architecture and supplied with every con- venience.

On the 1 6th of June. 18S8. Mr. Warren was unitetl in marriage to Miss Nannie Bovd. a daughter of TIk mas Bnyd. who owned the noted oil siirings east of Berwvn. He wa> a Chickasaw Indian, and his wife. Sarah C^rbit, was a white woman, huth now deceased. The home, of our subject and his wife has been blessed with five ciiildren. namely: Bessie. Reuben. Mabel, Kate and Ruth. Mrs. Warren is a consistent and active member <if the Methodist Episcopal church and Mr. Warren is a member of Ticrwyn Lodge. Xo. 59, A. F. & A. M.. and r,f the WMndmen of th.- World.

Mr. Warren was the first mayor of the town, has served thre^ succes'^ive terms and is the present incumbent. His administiTition of the nnuiicipal affairs of the town has been prom])t. business-like and etfecti\-e in ])roinoting the best interests of the town along material, educational and moral line~. He was also the i>o-tma~ter of Berwyn for three years. In addition to hi-, <luties as mayor he i^ at prc.-ent extensively engaged as a grain and live^-^tork dealer, and is also one of the i>rincipal cotton d^'aler'- of Berwyn. He is tliu- widely and favorablv knouii in business cvrcle> and comm.ands the- resjiect ;uv,l con- lulence of all hi^ fellow citizens because of hi-^ honest and straightforward dealing and sterling worth,

540 HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY.

SCOTT GKXTRY.

For forty-five }car5 Mr. flentry has \)cen a resident of Indian Territory. He was born in Calhuuu county, Mississii)pi, on tlie 2d of August. 1S47, '^^'^^ in the fail of 1855. wlien a lad of eiglit years, he came to this locahty with his parents. James and Caroline (Bush) Gentry, both of whom are now deceased. They took up their abode in the Creek nation, settling on the banks of the North Canadian river, near Eufaula, and Scott attended the public schools of the nation f. a- a short time. Subsequently he continued his studies in the Asbury Mission for two terms, and on putting aside his text-books he re- sumed work on the home farm, the management of the place devolving upon him at his father's death, while his brother, William E. Gentry, took charge of the stock-raising interests of the homestead. In 1S73 our subject removed to Deep Fork Falls, twelve miles from Okmulgee, and there he devoted his energies to farming and stock-raising until 1SS3, when he took up his abode at Fifetown, near Eufaula. For three years he there remained and in 1SS6 be- came a resident of Choska. where he has since made his home. He has a valuable tract of land of live hundred acres, all under cultivation, and the well tilled fields bring to him a good financial return. He als » pays considerable attention to stock-raising, which has proved to him a profitable source of in- come. He also owns a fine apple orchard of four hundred trees.

In 1S73 was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Gentry and ]\Iiss Abbie Bates Berryhill, and they had three children, — Rachel P., Caroline and James, all deceased. In public affairs pertaining to the v.elfare of the community and to its' advancement along various lines rvlr. Gentry has taken an active in- terest. In 1875 li^ served in the Light Horse Guards, of the ^luskogee dis- trict, and was captain of the Light Horse in the Coweta district for one term. He served with the United States Indian police for seven years and for one year was L'nited States deputy marshal. He has always been prominently identified with the administration of public affairs in his nation and his services have been satisfactory to aU concerned. His wife has long been an important factor in educational circles. ha\"ing served for twenty-six consecutive years as a teacher in the public schools, while at dift'erent periods she has served for a short time. As showing the high degree of intelligence of the Indians, it may l:>e stated that Mrs. Gentry is a full-blood. Mr. Gentry is a prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal church. South, and does all in his power to advance the work of the church and secure tlie a;lo])tion of its principles. His busi- ness aff'airs are carefully conducted and have brought to him desirable success.

B. B. .VSKEW.

B. E. Askew is a well-kni'wn rei>rc-.entative of agricultural interests in the Chickasaw nation and a man nt i)p'niinence in tlie community, lii-. well spent life and sterling traits ..f character gaining him unit, rm conhdjnce and regard. He was bnrn in .Mabama. January JO, 1S57, his parent> being Murrel

oSe^M^ f^e^ aJ^

HISTORY OF IXDIAX TERRITORY. 541

and Eliza (^Wris^-litj A^kew. The father was a Choctaw and the m. ither a white woman. His birtii occurred in Alabama, in 180G, and his death uccurrcd in 1884, while he was engaged in preaciiing the Gospel. He \vas tUr many years a prominent minister of the Baptist church and afterward united with the Christian church. He had marked inlluence anT ng- the people in the midst of whom he lived and labored and was instrumental in establishing- many churches which are still carrying on the good work which he instimted. His wife died in 1900, at the age of seventy-eight years. They came to the Chickasaw nation in 1 88 1, and here he passed away on the 6th of January, 1884. He had twelve children, eight of whom are yet living, namely: Dora ^I., Mrs. Mattie Ster-

rett, Mrs. Belle Hendricks, Mrs. Eliza Alexander, ^l , B. B., Thomas

and Julius.

B. B. Askew pursued his education in ^^"oodlalld, Alabama, and in 1881 came to the Indian Territory, where he has since followed farming and stock- raising. He owns a ranch of about seven hundred acres ~ix miles from ^^larietta, and is an important factor in promoting the agricultural interests of tliis por- tion of the Territory. He is very progressive in his methods, and his highly cultivated fields indicate his careful supervisiijn and energtic labors. Every- thing about his place is neat and thrifty in appearance, and good buildings stand as monuments to his enterprise.

In 1S79 was celebrated the marriage of B. B. Askew and JNIiss ?ilamie Alexander, a white wjman, who was born in Alabama. Their tmion has been blessed with eight children, and the family circle >"et remains unbroken by the hand of death. In order of birth the children were named as follows : J, B., S. S. Porter, Edna, Willis, Huburt, Rual and Superior. The eldest son was educated in the Chickasaw nation, in Waco and in Dawson, Texas, and in ^Mansfield, Tennessee, being graduated in the last named city in 1898, with the degree of bachelor of arts. He is now a minister, engaged in preaching the gospel in Ardmore, Indian Territory, and at different points in Texas. The parents are members of the Christian church and are earnestly devoted to the \vork of the church and to the <