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BLOLOGIA

CENTRALI-AMERICANA. ©

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7

CHILOPODA and DIPLOPODA

BY

* REGINALD INNES POCOCK, F.Z.S.

BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA.

ZOOLOGIA.

Class CHILOPODA, Latr.

Subclass ANARTIOSTIGMA*.
[Silvestri, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxiv. p. 622 (1895) = Schizotarsia, Brandt.]

Order SCUTIGEROMORPHA, nov.

Fam. SCUTIGERIDA, Gerv.

SCUTIGERA.
Scutigera, Lamarck, Syst. des Animaux sans Vertébres, p. 182 (1801).

1. Scutigera linceci. (‘Tab. I. figg. 1, 1a, 0.)
Cermatia lincecit, Wood, Proc. Ac. Phil. 1867, p. 42°.
Scutigera mexicana, Sauss. & Humb. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myriop. pp. 112, 118, t. 5. fig. 3 (1872) *.
Scutigera occidentalis, Meinert, Vid. Medd. Nat. Foren. 1886, pp. 105, 106°.

In this species the colours are somewhat variable. When the tints are well defined, the tergites are adorned
laterally with a wide, deep green band, and with a much narrower band of the same tint in the dorsal
middle line; this median band is not complete behind, just falling short of the stomata; the stoma-
saddles are flavous or pale olivaceo-flavous, the colour being continuous with a wide band on each side
of the middle line, separating the median from the lateral green band. The legs have their femora,
patella, and tibiz more or less distinctly ringed with deep green. Tarsi and antenne ferruginous.

In some specimens the legs are nearly concolorous, of a deep green, and the bands of the dorsal surface become
more or less fused.

Head very flat between the eyes; the posterior portion swollen laterally, flat in the middle, the median flat

area being continuous with that between the eyes.

Tergites closely spicular, and very evenly convex, being hardly noticeably undulated at the sides; the stoma-
saddles are ill-defined, and the stomata are inclined and short; the hinder borders of the tergites mesially

emarginate,

* Written Anartiostigmata by Silvestri; but this form of the neuter plural is, I believe, etymologically
incorrect. Compare Echinoderma, sometimes written Echinodermata.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Chilop., December 1895. B

2 CHILOPODA.

Sterna mesially sulcate and, at least in the posterior half of the body, with the hind borders mesially
emarginate.
Length up to about 19 millim.
Hab. Nortu America, Texas !.—Mexico, Chilpancingo 4600 feet, Omilteme 8000 feet,
and Amula 6000 to 7000 feet, all in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Oaxaca”; GUATEMALA,

Volcan de Pacaya (Stoll); Nicaragua, Granada °.

This species differs from the common North-American Scutigera forceps (Raf.),
which is very closely allied to, even if not identical with, the common S%.-European
S. coleoptrata, in being of smaller size, in having its tergites more closely spicular and
the head less flat; moreover, the median band of colour on the tergites of S. forceps
extends over the stoma-saddles on each side of the stomata, instead of falling short of
them as in S. linceci.

According to Mr. H. H. Smith these centipedes are found under logs and stones in
damp places. They are exceedingly fragile, the legs breaking off at the least touch, so
that it is almost impossible to secure perfect specimens.

2. Scutigera nigro-vittata. (Tab. I. figg. 2, 2a.)
Scutigera nigro-vittata, Meinert, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 1886, p. 173?.

Colour: upper surface black or very deep brown, with a wide, median, dorsal, flavous band extending from
the anterior extremity of the labrum to the posterior extremity of the terminal tergite; this band crosses
the middle of each half of the stoma-saddles and is uninterrupted except for a black patch on each
stoma ; the lateral portions of the head and the tergites just above the side-margins furnished with a
fine irregular flavous band; sternal surface fulvous. The legs nigro-annulate, the femur adorned
beneath with two rings—a proximal smaller, which is very incomplete above, and a distal larger, which is
almost complete above ; the patella with two wide rings and a fuscous distal extremity ; tibie indistinctly
biannulate ; tarsi fulvous, concolorous.

Head with labral area sparsely hairy ; region above it in front of the eyes deeply sulcate longitudinally, and
furnished on each side of the sulcus with two longitudinal, subparallel, apically curved ridges, which
posteriorly diverge and meet the inner angle of the eye; area between the eyes deeply scooped trans-
versely ; margin of the head raised and smooth.

Tergrtes smooth in the middle line, sparsely spicular elsewhere; the borders raised, spicular, the posterior
border mesially emarginate ; the stoma-saddles sparsely spicular, ill-defined, but much wider than long ;
posterior tergite with its hinder border not excised.

Sterna hairy, mesially sulcate.

Legs carinate and serrate.

Length 22 millim.

Hab. Panama !.—VENEZUELA, Caracas.

This species was described by Meinert from Panama. The accompanying figure
and description have been taken from an example sent to the British Museum by
Dr. Ernst. This specimen was from Caracas, but Meinert’s description applies so closely
to it that in all probability it was taken from an example of the same species.

S. nigro-vittata may be at once separated from S. lincect by the marked difference
in colour. Apart from this, however, the head and tergites are very differently

SCUTIGERA.—LITHOBIUS. 8

sculptured, the tergites being distinctly undulated laterally, and the interocular area of
the. head strongly scooped out transversely. In colouring it calls to mind S. rugosa
of Newport, from East Africa, which has the same complete median dorsal flavous
band, the same wide black band on each side of it, and the same strongly annulate
legs. But the stomata in S. rugosa are not fuscous, and the tibie are more strongly
annulate.

Subclass ARTIOSTIGM A*.
[ Silvestri, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxiv. p. 623 (1895).]

Order LITHOBIOMORPHA, nov.
[= Unguipalpi, Bollman, 1893; Artiostigmata, Silvestri, 1895.]

Containing the Lithobiide and Cermatobiide.

Fam. LITHOBIIDA, Newp.

LITHOBIUS.
Lithobius, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. p. 381 (1814).

The following is a key to the identification of the species of Lithodius known to me :—

a. The posterior angles of the ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth terga squared
(about 30 ocelli and 30 antennal segments). . . - , « stolli, ap. n.
b. he posterior angles of the ninth, eleventh, and thittacnth cise hae.
. Ocelli about 30 in number on each side (also about 30 antennal segments) ;
claw of generative forceps of female trifid . . . . . . +. . «+ e@ztecus, H. & §,
6*. Ocelli about 9 or 10 on each side; claw of female generative forceps

simple.
a*, Of very large size, over 30 millim., with about 60 antennal segments
and 10 to 12 coxal teeth ...., s+ + ee ee

6*. Under 30 millim., fewer than 60 antennal irate and (except in
L. decodontus) with only 6 coxal teeth.
a’. Coxal teeth about 10, all alike, and normally formed . . . . . decodontus, sp. n.
6°, Coxal teeth only 6, the external on each side spinuliform ; anal legs
of the male modified.
a‘. Male with legs of the fourteenth pair unmodified ; the first tarsal
of the anal legs modified.

* [ here use this term in a much wider sense than that proposed by Silvestri, to embrace all the
Chilopoda that were called Holotarsia by Brandt.

B2

4 CHILOPODA.

a’. About 27 millim.; external coxal tooth on each side larger
than the internal (for sexual character, see Tab. I. fig. 4d) . pontifex, sp. n.
b°. About 18 millim.; external tooth on each side smaller than
the others (for sexual character, see Tab. I. fig. 5c) . . . Aumberti, sp. n.
b*. Male with legs of the fourteenth and fifteenth pairs modified ; the
first tarsal of the anal leg unmodified.
a’. Antennal segments about 40; angles of the seventh tergum
not produced, with an elongate crest on the patella of
the analleg . . . . ‘ oe . « . vulcani, sp. n.
6°. Antennal segments about 50; angles of the seventh tergum
produced, with a rounded prominence on the patella of
the anal leg.
a’. Tibia of the fourteenth pair in male much thicker than
the patella, deeply grooved, and hairy above. . . . godmani, sp. n.
b°. Tibia of the fourteenth leg in male only a little rider
than the patella . 2 2. 1. 1 1 6 ee ew ee ee) Salvini, Sp. n.

1. Lithobius macroceros, sp. n. (Tab. I. figg. 3, 3 a-d.)

Colour of upper surface ochraceous or castaneous, anteriorly and posteriorly darker than mesially, the head
castaneous; under surface and legs pale ochraceous or pale castaneous ; antenne darker in tint than the
legs.

Body long, narrow, and nearly parallel-sided, shining.

Head a little wider than long, minutely and closely punctured, shining and smooth, lightly convex, with
raised lateral and posterior margins; the frontal plate distinctly defined and conspicuously longitudinally
grooved.

Eyes composed of 10 ocelli, 1+3, 3,3; the posterior eye large, irregularly ovate, and widely separated from
the rest, the superior ocelli of the cluster larger than the inferior.

Antenne very long, more than half the length of the body, attenuate, composed of from 58 to 63 subcyliadrical,
thickly but shortly hairy segments, less thickly hairy quite at the base; apical segment always longer
than the one that precedes it, but not thicker.

Coxal plate of maaillipedes smooth, shining, very indistinctly punctured, hairy in front, longitudinally
depressed and sulcate throughout its length in the middle, the anterior bordér angularly excised in
the middle, the margins of the excision lightly convex and sloped inwards, bearing on each side 6+6 or
5+5 minute sharp teeth, the external of which are smaller and more separated than the internal.

Tergites minutely and closely punctured throughout, distinctly wrinkled, but very much less wrinkled in front
than behind, posteriorly sparsely hairy and roughened ; the first six with rounded posterior angles and
straight posterior borders, the seventh with its posterior angles slightly produced but not sharp, the
posterior borders of the eighth, tenth, and twelfth straight and with the angles squared ; the angles of
the ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth produced and sharp, the angles of the fourteenth very slightly
produced.

Sternites sparsely -hairy, mesially and laterally impressed.

Legs long and slender ; the first pair armed below as follows—0, 0, 0 (one posterior), 3 or 2 (one anterior),
the anal legs armed below as follows—0, 1, 3, 3, 2, or 0, 1, 3, 2,15 the claw basally spurred, the coxa
furnished with one superior and one lateral spine, the coxa of the fourteenth pair with one lateral spine,
the rest of the cox unspined; coxal pores ovate, 6, 6, 6, 6, arranged in a single series.

Generative forceps in the female with a simple undivided claw, and two separated, diverging, basal spurs on
each side.

Length up to 35 millim.; length of antenna of largest specimen 21 millim.

Hab. Mxxico, Omilteme in Guerrero 7000 to 9000 feet (H. H. Smith).

LITHOBIUS. 5

Obtained under rotting wood &c. about the clearings and neighbouring forest

(H. H. Smith).
2. Lithobius pontifex, sp. n. (Tab. I. figg. 4, 4 a-d.)

Colour: upper surface deep ochraceous ; head, antennex, and first tergite deep castaneous and polished ; legs
and lower surface clear olivaceous.

Body robust, scarcely attenuated anteriorly, strongly attenuated posteriorly.

Head a little wider than long, smooth, very finely and obscurely punctured, the frontal plate deeply grooved
longitudinally and mesially, with raised margin.

Eyes composed of 11 ocelli, 1+3, 3, 4, the posterior and superior eyes subequal in size and larger than the
rest, the inferior eyes the smallest.

Antenne long, about half the length of the body, attenuate, composed of 53-56 short, subcylindrical segments,
thickly hairy, sparsely so at the base, the apical segment longer, but not thicker, than the penultimate.

Coxal plate of maxillipedes sparsely punctured and hairy, its anterior border nearly straight and but little
produced, scarcely excised in the middle line, bearing 3+3 minute, separated teeth, whereof the
external is the largest and somewhat spiniform.

Tergites very finely punctured, and, with the exception of the first two, conspicuously wrinkled and sparsely

’ hairy: from the first to the sixth with rounded angles and straight posterior border; the sixth with its
angles produced and widely rounded ; the seventh also with its angles widely rounded, but more produced
than in the sixth; the ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth with their angles strongly produced and sharp ; the
eighth, tenth, and twelfth with straight or only very lightly emarginate posterior borders; the fourteenth
with widely, but not deeply, emarginate border.

Sternites sparsely hairy, mesially and laterally impressed.

Legs: first pair absent; anal legs short, shorter than the fourteenth pair, stout, armed beneath as follows—
0, 1, 3, 3, 1; the tibia very thick, thicker than the patella, its upper inner margin hairy, and deeply and
widely grooved longitudinally, the groove bearing a conspicuous elongate prominence; the first tarsal
segment also enormously enlarged, as wide as and a little longer than the tibia, piriform, narrowed
behind, its upper surface deeply and widely excavated, the distal tarsal segment slender and terminated
by a double claw; coxa of the anal leg armed with a single superior spine; fourteenth pair of legs of
normal form, with unarmed coxa; coxal pores 5, 4, 4, 3, mostly very large and rounded.

Length 27 millim.; of antenna 12-5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero 6000 feet (H. H. Smith).
A single male specimen. This species differs from the preceding in the lesser

number of its maxillary teeth and of its antennal segments.

3. Lithobius humberti, sp. n. (Tab. I. figg. 5, 5 a—c.)

Colour obscure ochraceous, with an olivaccous tint; head and antenne with castaneous tint; legs and lower
surface a little paler than the upper surface.

Body robust; a little narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly.

Head considerably wider than long, more convex than the body, very indistinctly punctured; the frontal
longitudinal furrow shallow.

Eyes composed of 10 ocelli, 1+3, 3, 3, the posterior ocellus in contact with the anterior cluster ; the superior
and posterior ocelli larger than the inferior and anterior.

Antenne long, a little more than half the length of the body, composed of 52 or 53 short subcylindrical
segments, the apical segment longer, sometimes much longer, but not thicker, than the one that precedes
it, thickly hairy, except at the base.

Cowal plate of maxillipedes smooth, hairy in front, with a deep median longitudinal sulcus, its anterior border
not much produced, distinctly bilobed, the margins of the lobes directed inwards, each furnished with
three sharp teeth, whereof the two internal are larger and stronger, and the external smaller and weaker.

Tergites smooth at the anterior end of the body, lightly wrinkled, and shortly hairy posteriorly: first to the
fifth with rounded angles and straight posterior border ; sixth and seventh with the angles produced, but

6 CHILOPODA.

widely rounded internally, the posterior border being mesially emarginate; the ninth, eleventh, and
thirteenth with the angles produced and sharp, the prolongation with straight inner edge; the eighth,
tenth, twelfth, and fourteenth with widely emarginate posterior borders.

Sternites sparsely hairy, mesially and laterally impressed.

Legs adorned with long hairs ; the first pair armed below as follows—0, 0,1 (posterior), 1,1; anal legs armed
below 0, 1, 3, 2,1(¢), or 0, 1, 3, 3,1 (2), claw double, coxa unarmed; posterior cox unarmed ; coxal
pores rounded, 4,4, 4, 3 with the proximal pore small (¢), or 5, 4, 4, 4 with the proximal pore not
remarkably smaller than the next.

d. Anal legs shorter and much stouter than the fourteenth pair; the tibia a little thicker than the patella
and furnished at its distal end on the upper inner edge with a conspicuous nodular prominence; the
proximal tarsal segment elongate-ovate, as thick as the tibia, with a conspicuous longitudinal groove on
its upper inner edge ; legs of the fourteenth pair normally formed.

Q@. Anal legs long and slender, a little longer than the fourteenth pair, and normally formed; generative
forceps with the proximal segment narrowed at the base, produced internally, and bearing two spurs, the
lower of which is longer and stouter than the upper; the claw long, slender, curved, undivided, and
armed basally with a small but conspicuous tooth.

Length up to 18 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 7000 to 9000 feet (H. H. Smith).

Three specimens (2 3,1 ¢), obtained under rotting wood &c. about the clearings
and neighbouring forest (Hf. H. Smith).

This species is very closely allied to L. pontifex, from Amula, of which the male only
is known. It is, however, very much smaller, and the two internal teeth on each side
of the maxillary sternite are large, and the external tooth is either absent or very
small; whereas in L. pontifex the two internal teeth are minute and smaller than the
external. Again, in the male of L. pontifex the nodular prominence on the tibia of
the anal leg is less projecting, and the groove on the first tarsal segment is much
wider and deeper.

4. Lithobius godmani, sp. n. (Tab. I. figg. 6, 6 a-c.)

Colour ochraceous or castaneous, darker anteriorly ; legs and ventral surface paler.

Body robust, attenuated posteriorly, shining.

Head a little wider than long, lightly convex, smooth, shining, indistinctly punctured, with deep anterior
longitudinal frontal groove.

Eyes composed of 9 ocelli, 1+1, 3,4; the posterior and superior ocelli subequal in size and larger than
the rest.

Antenne long, more than half the length of the body, composed of from 49-53 subcylindrical segments ; hairy,
but less hairy at the base; apical segment elongate, longer than the penultimate.

Coxal plate of maxillipedes sparsely hairy, mesially and longitudinally sulcate; its anterior border produced
and bearing 3+3 teeth, whereof the two internal are large and stout, and the external slender,
spiniform, and often absent.

Tergites in the anterior portion of the body smooth, lightly wrinkled in the posterior half, roughened and
sparsely hairy: from the first to the sixth with rounded angles and straight posterior border; the seventh
with its posterior border emarginate in the middle, and its angles produced, but very wide and scarcely
sharpened; ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth with angles strongly produced and sharp; eighth, tenth,
twelfth, and fourteenth with posterior borders only very slightly emarginate.

Sternites mesially and laterally impressed and hairy.

Legs: first pair armed below 0, 0, 2, or 1,1, 1; anal legs about as long as the fourteenth pair, armed below
0, 1, 3, 3, 1, claw double; coxa with superior and lateral spines; coxal pores round, 5, 4, 4, 4, or 4, 3,
3, 3, the proximal pore small when the series consists of 4 or 5.

LITHOBIUS. 7

d. Fourteenth pair of legs with the tibia enormously swollen and rounded internally and beneath, deeply and
widely excavated above and hairy, with a tuft of hairs on the middle of the inner (posterior) edge of the
excavation ; anal legs with the tibia also swollen, but less swollen than in the fourteenth pair, distally
excavated above, the excavation bearing an elongate superiorly flattened nodule.

Q. Fourteenth and fifteenth legs normally formed; generative forceps with a stout undivided claw; two
basal spurs, of which the external is longer and stouter than the internal.

Length up to 19 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero 6000 feet (H. H. Smith).

The male of this species may be at once separated from that of LZ. pontifea and
L. humberti by the fact that the tibie of the fourteenth and fifteenth legs are
enormously swollen, whereas in these others the fourteenth legs are normally consti-
tuted, and in the anal leg the tibia and proximal tarsal segment are enlarged. Again,
in the female the claw of the generative forceps is stouter, shorter, and has no tooth at
its base; whereas in L. humberti the claw is longer, more slender, and has a distinct
tooth at its base. |

5. Lithobius salvini, sp.n. (Tab. I. figg. 7, 7 ad.)

Colour ochraceous or castaneous, darker anteriorly ; legs and ventral surface paler; antenne dark.

Body robust, attenuated posteriorly, shining.

Head a little wider than long, lightly convex, smooth, shining, not or very obscurely punctured, the frontal
plate deeply furrowed longitudinally, with raised margin.

Eyes composed of 9 ocelli,1+1, 3,4; the posterior and superior eyes subequal in size and larger than the rest.

Antenne long, more than half the length of the body, attenuate, composed of from 48 to 56 hairy, subcylindrical
segments; less hairy at the base; apical segment varying in length, but always longer, but not thicker,
than the segment that precedes it.

Coxal plate of maxillipedes sparsely hairy, mesially longitudinally sulcate, the anterior border nearly straight,
and bearing 3+3 strong, sharp teeth, whereof the external is more slender, somewhat spiniform, and
often absent.

Tergites not manifestly punctured; with the exception of the first, wrinkled, sparsely hairy, and roughened,
more wrinkled and roughened towards the hinder end of the body: the first, second, third, fourth, and
fitth, and often the sixth, with rounded angles and straight posterior border (in the fifth the border is
lightly concave); the sixth, sometimes the seventh, ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth with their angles
strongly produced, and posterior border deeply, but narrowly, emarginate ; the eighth, tenth, twelfth, and
fourteenth with the posterior border widely emarginate and the angles sharp. In younger specimens
(15 millim. or less) the angles of the sixth tergite are rounded, and the posterior borders of the rest much
less markedly emarginate.

Sternites mesially and laterally impressed, shortly and sparsely hairy.

Legs of moderate length ; the first pair armed below as follows—0, 0, 1 (posterior), 1, 1; anal legs short, as long
as the fourteenth pair, armed below 0, 1, 3, 3 or 2, 1, claw double; coxa with superior and lateral spine* ;
coxal pores 4, 3, 3, 3, arranged in a single series, large and round; coxe of thirteenth and fourteenth
with a superior spine.

3. Tibia of fourteenth pair a little stouter than the patella, subcylindrical, with a conspicuous, short,
ovate depression on the upper-inner surface at its distal extremity; tibia of anal leg also cylindrical and
stouter than, or at least as stout as, the patella, with a somewhat similar, although much less conspicuous,
depression.

* When these spines are invisible, their absence is probably to be attributed rather to mutilation than

variability.

8 CHILOPODA.

9. With the fourteenth and fifteenth pairs of legs of normal form; claw of the generative forceps stout, not
long, and undivided; two basal spurs on each side, of which the external is considerably longer and
stouter than the internal.

Length up to 26 millim.; average length about 21 millim., with antenne measuring about 11:5. In one
specimen, measuring 26 millim., the antenne are not more than half the length of the body.

In young specimens (i. ¢. males in which the fourteenth and fifteenth pairs of legs are unmodified, and females
in which the generative forceps is only half-formed) the coxal pores are 3, 2, 2, 2.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 7000 to 9000 feet (H. H. Smith).

Obtained under rotting wood &c. about the clearings and neighbouring forest
(H. H. Smith).

The males of this species may be easily recognized from those of L. godmani by the
difference in the form of their posterior legs. But the females are very hard to
determine. Possibly the two species may prove to be identical ; in which case we shall
have an interesting instance of dimorphism in the males. I think, however, that,
provisionally at least, it is wiser to regard the two as distinct, at all events until a
larger series of the females are forthcoming for examination.

In the case of females not associated with males, I have referred all those from
Omilteme to Z. salvini, and those from Amula to L. godmani.

6. Lithobius vulcani, sp. n. (Tab. I. figg. 8, 8a, 8 6.)

Colour castaneous.

Head weakly punctured ; frontal plate distinct, with conspicuous median groove.

Eyes composed of about 9 ocelli, 1+1, 3, 3.

Antenne of moderate length, composed of 41 segments.

Coxal plate of mawillipedes with anterior edge lightly emarginate, armed with 3+3 evenly spaced teeth,
whereof the external is slender and has the appearance of being a movable spinule.

Terga smooth: ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth with produced angles; the fourteenth posteriorly emarginate,
the rest of the posterior borders straight.

Legs: spine-armature of first, 0, 0, 0, 1, 15 the fifteenth leg a little longer than fourteenth, armed below with
0, 1, 38, 3, 1 spines, claw double ; the coxal pores uniserial, small, circular, 4, 4, 4, 3.

g. Legs of the fourteenth pair with the tibia much thicker than the tarsal segments, and thicker in the
middle than at the two ends; the tibia of the anal leg also slightly thickened, a little flattened posteriorly
on its inner side, and from the middle of the flattened area there rises a low crest, which terminates
abruptly behind.

Generative appendages represented by two short, rounded processes.

Length 17 millim.

Hab. GuateMata, Volcan de Agua (Stoll).

In the same bottle as that which contained the above described male there was a
female measuring 19 millim., with 36 antennal segments, 5, 6, 6, 5 coxal pores, two
long subequal spurs, and a simple claw on the generative forceps, but otherwise
agreeing with the typical male. Another smaller specimen, a male, which may be an
immature form of the one described, has only 32 antennal segments, and the anal legs
unmodified. |

In its male sexual features, 7. e. in having the tibie of the fourteenth and fifteenth

LITHOBIUS. 9

legs modified, and the tarsi of the fifteenth unmodified, Z. vulcant agrees with
L. godmani and L. salvini. It may be recognized by having a smaller number of
antennal segments, the angles of the seventh tergite not produced, and in the different
structure of the anal leg of the male.

7. Lithobius decodontus, sp. n. (Tab. I. fige. 9, 9a, d.)

Colour castaneous.

Head nearly smooth ; about 9 or 10 ocelli on each side ; frontal plate defined and mesially sulcate.

Antenne elongate, furnished with 41 or 42 short cylindrical segments.

Cowal plate of maaillipedes with anterior border deeply notched in the middle, convex on each side of it, and
armed with 6+4 small subequal teeth.

Posterior terga lightly wrinkled and sparsely hirsute: the angles of the ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth strongly
produced, the posterior border of the seventh noticeably emarginate, of the eighth, tenth, and twelfth
nearly straight, but becoming gradually emarginate towards the hinder end of the body.

Legs: first pair armed below, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1; coxe of the last three pairs armed with a superior spur, those of
the last two furnished in addition with a lateral spur; coxal pores uniserial, small, circular, 5, 5, 5, 5;
anal legs long, slender, longer than the preceding pair, armed below 0, 1, 3, 3, 2; claw double.

g. Fourteenth and fifteenth pairs of legs unmodified, generative appendages represented by a pair of rounded
tubercles.

Length about 20 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, Volcan de Acatenango (Stol/).

One male example. A second male, from Quezaltenango, which has the anal legs
broken off, agrees with the one described in most characters, but it differs in having the
distal segment of the tarsus noticeably shorter as compared with the proximal segment.
I consequently expect that the two are specifically distinct.

This species differs from L. pontifer, L. humberti, L. godmani, and L. salvini in the
dentition of its maxillary coxe, its unmodified anal legs (in male), and the smaller
number of its antennal segments.

8. Lithobius stolli, sp. n. (Tab. I. figg. 10, 10 a—c.)

Colour fusco-olivaceous, with traces of a dorsal median longitudinal band.

Head and terg« smooth, sparsely punctured.

Antenne long, hirsute, composed of 27 elongate cylindrical segments.

Eyes composed of about 26 ocelli.

Coxal plate of maxillipedes with anterior border transverse, shallowly notched, the inner half of each side
furnished with three small, evenly spaced teeth, of which the external is a little the largest.

The ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth terga with squared angles; the eighth, tenth, twelfth, and fourteenth with
their posterior borders slightly emarginate.

Legs: those of first pair armed below as follows—9, 0, 2, 2, 1; coxa of twelfth armed with one upper spine,
coxe of thirteenth to fifteenth furnished with an external lateral spine as well; the anal legs longer than
the preceding pair, armed below as follows—0, 1, 3, 2,1; claw simple; coxal pores uniserial, elongate
as in adult L. forficatus (Linn.), 9, 8, 8, 8.

Generative forceps of female with two pairs of spurs and simple pointed claw.

Length 27 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, Volcan de Agua (Stol/).

A single female example.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Chilop., December 189d. c

10 CHILOPODA.

9. Lithobius aztecus. (‘Tab. I. figg. 11, 11 a-c.)

Lithobius aztecus, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xxi. p. 156 (1869)°; Miss. Sci. Mex.,
Myriop. pp. 116, 117, t. 5. fig. 4°.

Colour: upper surface uniformly castaneous, or more commonly ochraceo-castaneous, and darker anteriorly and
posteriorly ; lower surface ochraceous with olivaceous tint; apex of legs and of antenne paler.

Body moderately robust, attenuated posteriorly, shining.

Head a little wider than long, finely punctured, the frontal longitudinal groove absent.

Eyes composed of about 30, mostly rounded ocelli, arranged in about five rews; the posterior ocellus the
largest.

Antenne short, not half the length of the body, hairy, sparsely so at the base, composed of about 30 short
subcylindrical segments ; the apical segment elongate, longer than the penultimate.

Coxal plate of mawillipedes finely punctured, longitudinally sulcate in the middle, its anterior border
moderately produced, nearly straight, bearing 7+7 or 6+6 small subequal teeth, of which the internal
are close set and the external more separated.

Tergites lightly wrinkled and sparsely hairy; from the first to the sixth with straight posterior border and
rounded angles; the seventh with its angles slightly produced; the eighth, tenth, twelfth, and fourteenth
with squared angles, and posterior borders straight, or only very lightly emarginate; the ninth, eleventh,
and thirteenth with angles produced and sharp.

Sternites smooth, mesially impressed in the posterior half, and with fainter lateral impressions, the posterior
sternites and coxe pubescent. —

Legs: the first pair armed: below, 0, 0, 2, 2,1; anal legs long, longer than the fourteenth pair, which extend
only as far as the middle of their proximal tarsal segment, armed below, 0, 1, 3, 3, 2; claw double ; coxe
of thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth armed with one superior and one lateral spine, coxe of eleventh and
twelfth armed with a superior spine; coxal pores in a single series, elongate, 6, 7, 7, 5 to 4, 6, 6, 4.

dé. Anal leg with femur marked beneath with a single longitudinal groove; patella much widened, deeply and
widely excavated above, with two longitudinal grooves beneath; tibia and tarsal segments of normal form.

2. Femur and patella of anal leg with a single inferior groove, all the segments of normal size and shape ,
generative forceps with two subequal, subparallel, basal spurs on each side, and a stout trifid claw.

Length up to 24 millim ; average length of adult about 19 millim. .

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme 7000 to 9000 feet, and Sierra de las Aguas Escondidas
9500 feet, both in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Hastern Cordillera!; Guatemaa, Antigua
and Tecpam (StoJ2).

The original description of this species is somewhat meagre, but it applies sufficiently
well to these examples from Omilteme as to leave very little doubt in my mind that
they are rightly to be named L. aztecus. The species may be at once recognized by its
short antenne and large number of ocelli. Mr. Smith’s specimens were found under
decaying logs, in damp thick forest, and also in the clearings.

The following Central-American species are unknown to me:—

Lithobius mystecus.

Lithobius mystecus, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xxi. p. 156 (1869); Miss. Sci. Mex.,
Myriop. p. 117 [excl. t. 5. fig. 5] (1872); Stuxberg, Ofv. Vet.-Akad. Fork. xxxii. 3, p. 32
(1875).

LITHOBIUS. Ha

‘Colour ferruginous brown; the last segment of the legs paler.

“Smaller than L, aztecus; the head with almost the same form, but divided in front by a deep groove, which
renders it a little bilobate; the frontal sulcus distinct.

“‘ Antenne longer than in Z. aztecus, more hairy, thinner at the base, composed of from 40 to 46 segments.

“ Maxillary cove sulcate throughout, with three spiniform teeth on each side.

“* Hyes small, composed of from 8 to 10 ocelli.

“‘ Body with its tergites as in L. aztecus.

“* Anal legs shorter than in L. aztecus, not sulcate below.

“ Coxal pores round, in a single row, 4, 4,5, 4. Length 18 millim.

‘*‘ Hab. Mexico, Eastern Cordillera.”

This description appears to have been drawn up from examples of both sexes, since
Humbert and de Saussure state that they had five males and three females before them.
And as they make no mention of variation in the form of the posterior legs in the
male, it is necessary to conclude that no variation was presented. In which case
L. mystecus differs materially from all those others described here, which agree with it
in possessing a large number of antennal segments and a small number of ocelli.

Fig. 5 on tab. 5 of Humbert and de Saussure’s last great work on the American
Myriopoda, which is ascribed to L. mystecus, is doubtlessly erroneously named. It
appears to me to be beyond all question the figure of L. toltecus, the following species ;
for not only does the figure show the modified anal leg as it is described in L. toltecus,
but the line which represents the natural size of the specimen, which is magnified in
the full figure, is of the length not of LZ. mystecus, but of L. toltecus.

Lithobius toltecus.
Lithobius toltecus, Humb. & Sauss. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myriop. p. 118 [t. 5. fig. 5].

“‘Testaceous. Of small size. The head swollen, divided in front by a deep groove, bilobed between the
antenne. No frontal sulcus.

“ Antenne long, composed of 40 or 42 segments.

“ Maxillary cowe divided by a strong sulcus, not lobate, its anterior border transverse, subangular, but not
divided, with two spiniform teeth on each side, and sometimes a trace of a third.

‘‘ Hyes composed of 9 ocelli, arranged in three longitudinal rows, the upper of which is composed of 4, the
middle of 3, the lowest of 2; the size of the eyes increasing from below upwards, and from before back-
wards.

“ Anal legs with fourth and fifth segments [tibia and first tarsal] swollen; the first tarsal dilated, with its
upper surface bearing a curved projection, which renders the segment bifurcate at its posterior end, the
internal face bearing a deep elongate depression, from the lower border of which there runs a longitudinal
row of long hairs. The sixth segment short and lightly swollen. Length 12 millim.

‘¢ Hab. Mexico, Eastern Cordillera.”

It appears from this description that L. toltecus resembles L. salvini and L. godmani
in having the fourteenth pair of legs in the male unmodified, and the tibial and first
tarsal of the anal legs swollen. But in neither of the two here described as new is
there any bifurcation of the posterior extremity of the first tarsal segment of the anal
leg, such as appears to exist in Humbert and de Saussure’s species.

12 CHILOPODA.

Lithobius saussurel.
Lithobius saussurei, Stuxberg, Ofv. Vet.-Akad. Férh. xxxii. 2, p. 71, and 3, p. 32 (1875).

‘‘ Head-plate cordate, about as long as wide, with semicircularly rounded sides, smooth, sparsely clothed with

hairs.
“ Antenne tolerably long, not extending to the middle of the body, composed of 27 scantily hairy segments,

the apical segment not much longer than the penultimate.

“ Coxe of the second pair of maxillary feet armed with 5+5 very black, short, strong teeth, with a mode-
rately deep median notch.

“The anterior tergites more lightly, the posterior more conspicuously wrinkled, but not granular, nearly
smooth ; ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth with produced angles; seventh with its posterior margin deeply
sinuate in the middle. Coxal pores 5, 6, 7, 6, large and round.

‘« Legs of the first pair armed (beneath) with 7 3, 1 spines.

‘Anal legs short, moderately swollen, with two claws, armed (beneath) with 1, 3, 3, 1 spines; coxa armed
with a single lateral spur.

“Claw of the generative forceps in the female obsoletely trifid, the median lobe not much longer than the
lateral ; two pairs of spurs.

‘Colour castaneous or brown.

“ Length of body 23 millim., of antenne 9, of anal legs 6-7.”

Hab. Mextco, Orizaba (Saussure).

1 suspect that this species will prove to be synonymous with L. aztecus. The
description was taken from a single female specimen, and no mention is made of the
existence of sulci on the lower surface of the anal legs. Moreover, there are said to
be only ten teeth on the maxillary coxe. The first of these characters, however,
may well have been overlooked, and no great importance is to be attached to the
second.

Lithobius mexicanus.
Lithobius mexicanus, Perbosc, Rev. Zoo]. 1839, p. 261°.

Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz!.

This species is compared by its author to L. forficatus (Linn.), and is described as
differing from it solely in having 11 ocelli instead of from 21 to 40. It is said to be
26 millim. long, and 3 millim. broad.

Unless the type is still extant, there is little hope that LZ. mexicanus will ever be
identified. Judging by the number of its eyes, it belongs to the section of which
L. pontifeax may be looked upon as the type.

SCOLOPENDRA. 13

Order SCOLOPENDROMORPHA, nov.

[ = Scolopendride of authors. |

Fam. SCOLOPENDRIDSA (sensu stricto).

Body composed of 21 leg-bearing segments. Head furnished on each side with 4
distinct ocelli. Legs with the tarsal segments two-jointed.

This family may be divided into two subfamilies—the Alipedine for the S.-African
genus Alipes, which has the distal segments of the anal legs enormously expanded and
flattened, and no claw on the tarsus; and the Scolopendrine, in which the anal legs
are normally constructed.

Subfam. SCOLOPENDRINA, Newp.

Excepting for the elimination of Alipes (Eucorybas), I use this subfamily in the
same sense as that employed by Bollman (Bull. U.S. Mus. 1893, p. 165). It includes
the Cormocephaline and Heterostomine (=Rhysidine, Silvestri, 1895) of Newport.

SCOLOPENDRA.
Scolopendra, Linneus, Syst. Nat. (1735).

The following is a synopsis of the species of Scolopendra here recognized :—

a. The first tergite not marked in front with a transverse sulcus.
a’. Anal legs usually longer and thinner, not armed beneath with more
than 2or3spines .. . a ue ee » « « . subspinipes, Leach.
B. Ane legs shorter, stouter, afaed beneath with not fewer than 9 spines.
. Femur of anal legs armed with from 13 to 15 spines, all the tergites
except the anterior 4 or 5 with raised _ all the legs with tarsal
spurs. . . : ; morsitans, Linn.
6?, Femur of anal leg somal with shout 23 spines, the gaterior leew ‘eth
out spurs and at least only the posterior terga marginate. . . . pygmea, sp. n.
b. The first tergite with a conspicuous sulcus in its anterior half.
a’. The femora of all the legs and the patella of the anal legs spined. . . gigas, Leach.
b°. The femora of all the legs, except the anal, and the patella of the anal
unspined.
a‘. With fewer than 20 antennal segments; head with a pair of shallow
impressions . . ol. : : - + + + « pomacea, Koch.
5‘. With more than 20 aiicaual hevhents: ; head not snapihoeiied
a’, Tarsi of all the legs unspined . . . . «. «© » ws + +s . 6 punctiventris,
b°. Tarsi of nearly all the legs spined. [ Newp.
a’, All the tergites, except the anal, with unraised margins and only
obsoletely bisulcate ; few spines on the anal femur . . . . sumichrasti, Sauss.

. 14 CHILOPODA.

6°. The tergites completely bisulcate and at least those at the hinder
end of the body with raised edges.
a’. Tibize of anal leg gradually narrowed posteriorly, tarsi slender;
anal pleuree with long processes. . . . 2. « « «+ = btenuitarsis, sp. n.
&". Tibue of anal leg parallel-sided ; pleuree shorter.
. Head with two fine sulci; distal segments of the first
maxillipedes inferiorly produced. . . . . ~~. + ~ Aeros, Girard.
6°. Head not bisulcate; first maxillipedes normal.
a’. Coxal plate of second maxillipedes (poison-jaws) densely
punctured in front ; prosternal plates prominent. . . pachygnatha, sp. n.
a Coxal plate smooth; prosternal plates normal.
. Of larger size, ferruginous, with the hind borders of
the terga dark green . 2» . . . 1 ee ee) Copeana, Wood.
6°. Smaller, usually of a more uniform green tint . . . viridis, Say.

1. Scolopendra morsitans.
Scolopendra morsitans (Linn.), Kohlr. Arch. f. Naturg. 1881, 1, pp. 104-112 * (? all the synonymy).
Scolopendra brandtiana, Gervais, Ins. Apt. iv. p. 280°. oe

Hab. Mexico, Tampico! and Vera Cruz!?. (Artificially introduced.)

This well-known species is found in almost all tropical and subtropical countries.

2. Scolopendra subspinipes. (Tab. II. fig. 9.)

Scolopendra subspinipes, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. p. 883°; Kohlr. Arch. f. Naturg. 1881, 1,
p- 967; Meinert, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. xxiii. p. 202 (1886) °; Vid. Medd. Nat. Foren. v. 1886,
p. 126%.

Hab. Mexico (Eisen); Centra America‘. (Artificially introduced.)

This species, like S. morsitans, is found in the tropical and subtropical parts of both
Eastern and Western hemispheres. According to Meinert*, it occurs in Central
America. The Mexican example, from which the figure here published has been taken,
was submitted to me for identification by Dr. Gustav Hisen.

3. Scolopendra gigas.
Scolopendra gigas, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. p. 3883. -

Hab. Honpuras.—SoutH AMERICA; JAMAICA.

For the synonymy of this species and references to its literature see Porath, Bih. Sv.
Vet.-Akad. Handl. iv. 7, p. 5 (1876); Kohlrausch, Arch. f. Naturg. 1881, 1, p. 119;
Meinert, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 1886, p. 191.

S. gigas, the largest of the Centipedes, occurs in Jamaica and in the northern parts
of S. America. According to Meinert (Vid. Medd. Nat. Foren. 1886, p. 125), the
Copenhagen Museum possesses an example from Honduras.

SCOLOPENDRA. 15

4. Scolopendra pygmea, sp.n. (Tab. II. figg. 8, 8 a-c.)

Colour pale olivaceous or pale ochraceous, sometimes with indications of a darker median longitudinal dorsal
band ; posterior pleure and maxillipedes ferruginous.

Body slender and parallel-sided.

Head not suleate, with its posterior margin straight and meeting, but scarcely overlapping, the first tergite.

Antenne attenuate, moderately long, composed of from 20 to 26 segments, whereof the basal 4 are nearly
naked and the rest pubescent.

Maxillipedes: prosternal plates somewhat long, separated in the middle and sometimes diverging, the anterior
border a little oblique and bearing 4 (3) teeth, whereof the three internal are short and close together,
and the external separated and more slender ; femoral tooth small, sharp, and bifid.

Tergites more equal in size than is usual, the first not anteriorly sulcate, with two fine anteriorly abbreviated
posterior longitudinal sulci, a little longer than the second, but shorter than the third ; the second to the
twentieth strongly bisulcate, and with simple unraised margins.

Sternites strongly bisulcate and faintly impressed laterally and mesially.

Anal somite: tergite narrow, about as long as wide, nearly parallel-sided, with raised margins, posterior border
produced, with median longitudinal sulcus ; plewre furnished with an anterior inferior porous area as in
Cryptops, supetior and posterior portion smooth, the pores numerous, larger and smaller, and close set,
process slender and elongate, with one lateral, four apical or subapical spines, and sometimes one superior
spine, the posterior border of the pleurs: furnished with one or two spines; sternite long and narrow, a
little narrowed posteriorly, with rounded angles; legs long and stout, the patella and tibia being about
as thick as the femur; femur armed with about 23 small spines arranged in longitudinal series approxi-
mately at follows—2 on the upper-inner edge, 2 on the inner surface, 5 and 4 on the under-inner edge,
5 and 5 on the under-outer edge ; the inferior surface sometimes without spines in the middle and depressed
in front, the process short and bifid; the patella, tibia, and proximal tarsal segment with upper inner
edge internally produced and rounded, the under inner edge flattened ; both tarsal segments thick and
sparsely pubescent, not armed with a spine, claw with two spurs.

Legs with claws spurred; tarsi of sixteenth to twentieth unspined, the rest with a minute spine; the twentieth
pair of legs considerably larger than the nineteenth, as in Cryptops, the distal tarsal segment more than
half the length of the proximal.

Length up to 37 millim. gia

Hab. Mexico, Amula 6000 to 7000 feet (7. ZH. Smith).

In this species the first tergite presents no transverse arched sulcus behind the head-
plate. It is further remarkable for the rounded, swollen appearance of the segments
of the anal legs.

The description has been drawn up from the examples from Amula, but in
the British-Museum collection there are others obtained at San Diego (Texas) by
Mr. William Taylor, which appear to belong to the same species. These examples
show that the four tergites at the hinder end of the body may have raised margins
and that the first tergite is not always bisulcate behind.

It is possible that the species is based upon young individuals ; but apart from their
small size the specimens examined appear to be adult. At all events, they may be
readily recognized from all the other Central-American species, as may be seen from
the synoptical table.

co

5. Scolopendra pomacea. (Tab. II. figg. 7, 7a.)
Scolopendra pomacea, C. Koch, Syst. d. Myr. p. 170. 33 (1847)*; Die Myr. i. p. 65, fig. 56 (1863) *.
Scolopendra chichimeca, Saussure, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 386, t. 7. fig. 44 (1860) °; Humb,
& Sauss. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myriop. p. 182, t. 5. fig. 13 (1872) *.

16 CHILOPODA.

Scolopendra olmeca, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1869, p. 157°; Miss. Sci. Mex., Myriop.
p. 129, t. 5. figg. 7, 7a°.

Colour : upper surface olivaéeous, under surface ochraceous or olivaceous ; legs wholly ochraceous or distally
olivaceous (in specimen from Cuernavaca).

Body robust, attenuated in front and behind, wider in front than behind.

Head large, about as wide as long, not sulcate but conspicously punctured, considerably overlapping the first
tergite ; with a pair of shallow impressions in its posterior half.

Antenne short, attenuate, composed of 18 segments, of which the basal 4 are naked and the rest pubescent.

Mawillipedes punctured ; prosternal plates long, almost contiguous, almost square, with nearly straight ante-
rior border, furnished with 4 blunt teeth, whereof the three internal are fused, and the external separate ;
femoral tooth of normal size, not dentate.

Tergites punctured ; the first with a deep anterior transverse sulcus; the second to the twentieth bisulcate ;
seventeenth to the twenty-first with raised margins.

Sternites smooth, from the second to the twentieth bisulcate.

Anal somite: tergite wider than long, not sulcate; plewre closely porous throughout, a single spine on its
posterior margin, the process moderately long, smooth, armed apically and subapically with 4 spines ;
sternite with lightly convex and converging lateral margins, and straight posterior margin ; legs moderately
long, femur armed with about 15 or 17 spines, arranged in longitudinal series approximately as follows—
2 on the upper-inner edge, 3 on the inner surface, 4 or 6 on the under-inner edge, and 3 and 3 on the
under-outer edge; the middle of the under surface without spines, the process stout, of moderate length
and tipped with two spines ; tarsus unspined, claw spurred.

Legs: the twentieth pair with unspined tarsus, the rest with spined tarsus ; claws spurred.

Length to 58 millim.

Hab. Mexico !5 (Geddes, in Mus. Brit.), Puebla (Saussure ®, Botteri+), Cuernavaca
in Morelos 5200 feet (Saussure °, H. H. Smith).

According to Humbert and de Saussure this species frequents the plateau of Mexico,
occurring at Cuernavaca and Puebla. S. pomacea may be recognized from the other
indigenous Central-American species by its shorter antenne. These appendages are
composed of only 17 or 18 segments, whereas in the others there are always more
than 20.

The above description is taken from a specimen in the British Museum obtained by
Mr. Geddes, which has unfortunately but one anal leg; I am consequently unable to test
the constancy of the spine-armature of the femur of this appendage. ‘The spines in
Koch’s specimen seem to be fewer in number, since he indicates them as only 12,
arranged as eras above downwards 2, 3, 3, 2, 2. In the above-described
example they are 2, 8, 3, 3, 38, being two in excess; but I do not think this is sufficient
to distinguish the specimens specifically. ‘There is, however, one other objection that
may be alleged against my opinion that S. pomacea and S. chichimeca are identical.
This is Koch’s statement that the neck-plate in his specimen is without impressions.
But I venture to think that he is here referring to the absence of punctures or of the
two longitudinal grooves which characterize the rest of the terga, and not to the
absence of the deep anterior transverse sulcus. ‘This sulcus he probably never saw,
owing to the retraction of the head-plate, which his figure indicates.

The determination of S. olmeca as the same species is based upon the absence of

SCOLOPENDRA. 17

diagnostic characters in Humbert and de Saussure’s description, and upon my posses-
sion of a specimen of 8. pomacea from Cuernavaca, whence S. o/meca was obtained.

6. Scolopendra punctiventris. (Tab. II. figg. 6, 6 a-c.)

Scolopendra punctiventris, Newport, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii. p. 100 (1844) *; Trans. Linn.
Soc. xix. p. 887 (1845) *; Cat. Myr. Brit. Mus. p. 83 (1856) °; Gervais, Ins. Apt. iv. p. 277
(1847) *.

Scolopendra inequidens (Gerv.), Wood, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. (2) v. pp. 24, 25 (1868) ° ;
Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. xiii. pp. 162, 163° (?? inequidens of Gerv.).

Scolopendra woodii, Meinert, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. xxiii. p. 198 (1886) *.

Colour: tergites olivaceous or ochraceo-olivaceous, with posterior margin, especially in the middle, deeper
olivaceous ; head, first tergite, and maxillipedes olivaceous or pale castaneous; legs ochraceous, posterior
legs distally pale olivaceous ; sternites ochraceous with olivaceous tint ; antenn# pale olivaceous, distally
paler.

Body moderately robust, but little narrowed in front and behind, smooth, polished.

Head longer than wide, ovate, with nearly straight posterior border, not suleate.

Antenne short, attenuate, composed of 17 segments, whereof the basal 6 or 7 are naked, and the next
pubescent.

Mawillipedes smooth or very indistinctly punctured ; prosternal plates almost in contact, long, about as long
as broad, the anterior border oblique and cut out into four distinct teeth, whereof the three internal are
approximate ; femoral tooth large and subdentate.

Tergites: the first marked anteriorly with a transverse arched sulcus, and posteriorly with two fine, sub-
parallel, longitudinal sulci; all the rest, except the anal, also marked with two longitudinal sulci; the
first 16 or 17 with simple unraised margins.

Sternites smooth, except the first and last, strongly bisulcate.

Anal somite: tergite with a faint longitudinal suleus ; pleure furnished with larger and smaller, not close-set
pores ; the process long, slender, cylindrical, smooth, and tipped with four spines, without lateral spine ;
sternite with sides strongly converging posteriorly, straight or lightly concave hinder margin ; legs some-
what short, only a little longer than the preceding pair, moderately stout, the femur armed with 9 or 11
spines—3 (1 superior) on the upper-inner edge, 2 on the under-inner edge, and 2, 2 in pairs on the under-
outer edge, and sometimes 2 small spines at the proximal end of the segment; process long, stout, and
tipped with three spines ; tarsus unspined, claw spurred.

Legs with spurred claws but with tarsi unspined.

Length up to 43 millim.

Hab. Nortu America‘, Eastern States, Florida !°.—MeExico, Tampico in Tamaulipas
(Richardson), Omilteme in Guerrero 7000 to 9000 feet (H. H. Smith).

This species was described by Newport from a Floridan specimen which is still
preserved in the British Museum.

Dr. Meinert? records it from North and South Carolina, Virginia, and Massachusetts,
so it is evidently not uncommon in the Eastern States of North America. Mr. Smith’s
specimens were found under rotten wood, &c., about clearings and in the forest.

There is no doubt that the synonymy given above is correct. The error of ascribing
the species to S. viridis of Say is to be laid to Wood’s charge. Dr. Meinert followed
Wood without questioning his synonymy.

S. punctiventris may be recognized at once from S. viridis of Say by the entire
absence of tarsal spurs on all the legs.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Chilop., December 1895. : D

18 CHILOPODA.

7. Scolopendra tenuitarsis, sp. n. (Tab. II. figg. 5, 5 a-d.)
Colour olivaceous or ochraceo-olivaceous ; under surface deep ochraceous ; antenne and legs distally olivaceous.
Body robust and approximately parallel-sided.
Head about as wide as long, obscurely punctured, and with an indistinct median longitudinal sulcus, posterior
border straight.
Antenne short, attenuate, composed of about 22 segments, whereof the basal four are naked and the rest

pubescent.

Mazillipedes obscurely punctured; prosternal plates elongate, contiguous, with straight anterior border,
furnished with four blunt teeth, whereof the three internal are close together and the external separate.

Tergites: the first marked in front by a transverse sulcus, which is situated at some distance behind the
posterior margin of the head; from the third to the twentieth bisulcate, the nineteenth, twentieth, and
twenty-first with raised margins.

Sternites smooth, second to the twentieth bisulcate.

Anal somite: tergite with a median sulcus, much wider than long; plewre porous throughout, except the
posterior border and the process, which are smooth, posterior border bearing one or two spines, the process
long and slender, bearing one lateral and about six apical and subapical spines ; sternite somewhat wide,
its sides very gently converging, with straight or slightly concave hinder margin ; legs of moderate length,
the basal segments stout and the tarsal segments slender ; femur flattish, but with rounded margins, armed
with about 23 or 26 small spines, arranged in longitudinal series approximately as follows—2, and 1
beneath them on the upper-inner edge, 4 on the inner surface, 6 or 7 in two irregular series on the under-
inner edge, 2 or 3 on the under surface, and 4 or 5 and 4 on the under-outer edge; the process well
developed and tipped with two spines; the lower surface slightly excavated anteriorly ; the patella parallel-
sided, a little wider than the femur, with rounded margins, but lightly and widely excavated above; the
tibia elongately piriform, its proximal end being much wider than the distal end, flat or lightly excavated
above, sparsely pubescent ; tarsal segments somewhat stout, but much slenderer than the tibia, cylindrical,

pubescent, unarmed ; claw spurred.
Legs with spurred claws, and, except the twentieth pair, with spined proximal tarsal segment.

Length 39 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 7000 to 9000 feet (HZ. H. Smith).

Three examples, found under rotting logs. Unfortunately only one of them is
furnished with its anal legs; it is consequently impossible to judge of the constancy
of the peculiarities presented by these appendages. This character may be sexual, but
at all events it serves to distinguish the specimen presenting it from all the others that
have been hitherto described.

8. Scolopendra heros. (Tab. I. figg. 12, 12 a-c.)
Scolopendra heros, Girard, in Marcy’s Rep. Expl. Red River, p. 272, t. 18 (1853) 1; also of Wood,
Porath, Meinert, &c.
Scolopendra castaneiceps, Wood, Proc. Ac. Phil. 1861, p. 117; Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. xiii. p. 156,
t. 1. fig. 1°.
? Scolopendra polymorpha, Wood, op. cit.* (testibus auctoribus).
? Scolopendra mysteca, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1869, p. 157°; Miss. Sci. Mex.,
Myriop. p. 130 (1872) °.
Hab. Norta America ! 4, Texas *.—Mexico ° °, Presidio (Forrer), San Miguel (coll.
Kisen).

This handsome species is so well known that no detailed description of it is here

SCOLOPENDRA. 13

necessary. Specimens that I have seen vary in size from 106 to 150 millim. The
colour is very variable, shading from olive-brown to deep green, the head being
sometimes greener, sometimes redder than the body. Those with the head and first
segment red and the trunk green have been named S. castaneiceps by Wood. I
have seen one of these specimens from San Diego, Texas, measuring 106 millim.,
captured by Mr. William Taylor; but in structural features it does not differ from
another example from the same locality, which is olive-brown in colour and measures
140 millim.

A young specimen of the S. castaneiceps-type, from this same locality, measuring
36 millim. in length, has the anal legs exceedingly long and slender, their length
equalling one-third of the length of the body and head.

From Mexico I have seen five specimens: two, without special locality (Eisen coll.),
135-150 millim., pale coloured; one from San Miguel (Hisen coll.), 145 millim., with
greenish head and chestnut body; and two from Presidio (Forrer), 114-133 millim.,
with the hinder border of the terga green, the head greenish, the rest castaneous.

9. Scolopendra copeana. (Tab. II. figg. 1, 1 a-d.)
Scolopendra copeana, Wood, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. (2) v. p. 27 (1868) *; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.
xiii. p. 165 (1865) °.
? Scolopendra pachypus, Kohlr. Arch. f. Naturg. 188], 1, p. 112°.
Hab. Norta America, California! ?, Texas.—Mexico, Chihuahua (Montagu-Kerr),
Tres Marias Is., Ventanas in Durango (forrer), Amula in Guerrero 6000 feet (4. H.
Smith).

This species, described by Wood from California, has been set down by both
Meinert (Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. xxiii. p. 195) and Bollman (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1893,
p. 175) as a synonym of S. heros. My opinion that the two should at all events be
regarded provisionally as distinct is based upon the examination of a very large number
of Californian specimens, submitted to me for identification by Dr. Gustav Kisen, all of
which differ from the Texan specimens that I refer to S. heros in certain apparently
constant characters. ‘These characters are: (1) the absence of an angular tooth on the
inferior edge of the last and penultimate segments of the palpi; (2) the absence of
sulci on the head-plate; (3) the presence of a median stria on the anal tergite; (4) the
shorter anal pleurz, the posterior border being more nearly vertical and the process
more slender and cylindrical. It may be added, moreover, that S. copeana seems seldom
to attain the size characteristic of S. heros. I have, however, seen Californian speci-
mens measuring 130 millim. in length (over 5 inches); but the average length is
perhaps about 100 millim. The colour, too, as in S. heros, appears to be very variable,
the trunk varying from olive-brown through various shades of green to chestnut, but

the posterior portions of terga 2-20 are deeper green, which gives a characteristically
D2

20 CHILOPODA.

striped appearance to the animals. Moreover, the anal segment and all the legs are
flavous or ochre-yellow, and the head-region is generally noticeably darker-coloured
than the opposite end of the body. ‘The variation in colour does not seem to be
connected with distribution, since specimens from the same locality show immense
individual variation.

It may be that this species will prove to be based upon young specimens of S. heros:
but the evidence at my disposal does not support this supposition; for the large
Californian specimens that I refer to S. copeana have all the appearance of being adult,
and specimens from the same locality ranging from 90-130 millim. present no varia-
tion in the characters given above as distinguishing this species from S. heros; and,
conversely, Texan specimens of S. heros ranging from 108-140 millim. are also alike in
these particulars.

I may add that the species named S. polymorpha by Wood may prove to be the
same as S. copeana, in which case the former name has the precedence. But S. poly-
morpha is unknown to me, and I must follow the example of my predecessors in adding
it to the synonyms of S&. heros.

I have examined fourteen specimens from Mexico: six, 78-85 millim., from
Dr. Gustav Eisen’s collection; three from Chihuahua (Montagu-Kerr), 70-93 millim. ;
two from Ventanas (Forrer), 65-91 millim.; one from Amula (AH. H. Smith), 101
millim.; and two from Tres Marias Islands (forrer), 78-85 millim.

The British Museum also has an example, 104 millim. in length, from San Diego,
Texas, obtained by Mr. William Taylor.

Subsp. gaumeri, nov.
? Scolopendra pachypus, Bollman, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 46, p. 198 (1893). (?? pachypus, Kohlr.)

Hab. British Honpuras (Colonial Exhibition) ; Honpunas, Bonacca I.,in the Bay of
Honduras (Gaumer).

This subspecies is based upon some specimens closely allied to the typical S. copeana,
but possibly specifically distinct from it. They are, however, in rather a bad state of
preservation, and I propose at present to regard them merely as a subspecies. They
differ from S. copeana in the absence of a sulcus on the anal tergite, and in the greater
shortness of the pleural process. ‘Three specimens: one, the type, from Honduras,
measures 104 millim.; two from Bonacca Island, 78-88 millim. It appears to me
probable that the specimen recorded from ‘Truxillo as §. pachypus by Bollman is a
representative of this subspecies.

10. Scolopendra sumichrasti. (Tab. II. figg. 4, 4 a.)
Scolopendra sumichrasti, Saussure, Mém. Soc. Phys. Geneve, xv. p. 885, t. 7. fig. 46 (1860);
Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1869, p. 157 *; Miss. Sci. Mex., Myriop. p. 181°.

SCOLOPENDRA. 21

Colour of tergites olive-green or olive-brown ; legs and antenne pale olive-green, or ochraceous ; head and
maxillipedes more or less castaneous.

Head punctulate, with two fine strie.

Antenne with 23 or 24 segments, of which the basal 6 are naked; coxal plates of maxillipedes with the
three internal teeth confluent.

Terga not distinctly sulcate, and, excepting the anal, with unraised margins ; the anal without a median stria.

Sterna strongly bisulcate.

Anal pleure densely and finely punctulate; the process shortish, tipped with from two to four acute spines.

Anal legs longish, about three times as long as the head-plate, or rather more; claw spurred ; tarsus unspined ;
femur armed with from six to eight strong sharp spines, not counting the process, which is robust and
armed with two acute spines, the spines are disposed as follows: 2 or 3 in two rows on the upper-inner
edge, 1 or 0 on the under-inner edge, and 4 or 3 in two rows on the under-outer edge.

Legs with spurred tarsi.

Length up to 140 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz !?3 (Saussure); British Honpuras (Mus. Brit., ex Colonial

Exhibition) ; GuateMa.a, Tucuru in Vera Paz, Livingston (Stol0).

This species resembles S. heros in size, but may be at once recognized by the unraised
margins of its terga, the absence of sulci on these plates, and the smaller number and
larger size of the spines on the anal legs.

De Saussure’s description does not point out these distinctive characters, and it is
suggested that S. swmichrastt may be based upon old examples of S. mysteca. But if
S. mysteca be S. heros, as I suppose, de Saussure’s conclusion will not hold, for Texan
specimens of S. heros measuring 140 millim. do not resemble S. sumichrasti.

11. Scolopendra viridis. (Tab. II. figg. 2, 2 a-.)
Scolopendra viridis, Say, Journ. Ac. Phil. ii. p. 110 (1821) *.
Scolopendra parva, Wood, Proc. Ac. Phil. 1861, p. 10’.
Scolopendra azteca, Saussure, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 382, t. 6. fig. 41 (1860) *.
Scolopendra otomita, Saussure, loc. cit. p. 383, t. 6. fig. 42*,
Scolopendra maya, Saussure, loc. cit. p. 384, fig. t. 7. 45°.
Scolopendra tolteca, Saussure, loc. cit. p. 384, t. 6. fig. 43 °.

fab. NortH America, Georgia! ?, Florida1, Texas.—Mexico, Ciudad in Durango
(forrer), Omilteme in Guerrero 7000 to 9000 feet (H. H. Smith), plateau of Mexico * 4,
Huitznopal, between Mextitlan and Tampico®, and Puebla*®’, Cuautla in Vera
Cruz ® (Saussure), San Andres Tuxtla (Mus. Brit.) ; Guatemata, Quezaltenango, Volcan
de Pacaya, Guatemala city, Antigua, San Miguel Uspantan (Stoll); Costa Rica
(Rogers).

The identity of the species that I have here called S. viridis, Say, is still, in my
opinion, involved in much obscurity. Jam not even sure that all the specimens I
have referred to this species will prove to be co-specific ; nor would I undertake in all
cases to distinguish between this form and S. copeana.

As a very general rule the species is smaller than S. copeana (length about 50-60

22 CHILOPODA.

millim.), of a much more uniform green tint, with shorter and stouter anal legs. The
largest I have seen, a specimen from Omilteme, measures, however, 86 millim.

The specimen of which a coloured figure is given on Tab. II. fig. 2 is from San
Andres Tuxtla. It and another were acquired by the British Museum in 1861, and
according to a note in the register they were identified by de Saussure himself as
S. tolteca. ‘They are said, moreover, to be the types of this species. This, however,
they clearly are not; for the types of S. tolteca came from Cuautla, Vera Cruz, and are
said to vary in length from 80-85 millim., whereas the San Andres specimens are 70
and 75 millim. respectively. The smaller one is like the larger, except that the anal
legs are thinner and the spinous process on the femur longer. This fact is interesting,
inasmuch as the great length of this spinous process is one of the first characters to
strike the eye as distinguishing de Saussure’s figures of S. azteca and S. otomita, not
to mention 8. maya from 8S. tolteca. In fact, an examination of the available material
seems to me to show that the structure of the anal somite, which usually furnishes trust-
worthy characters, cannot be safely used as a criterion for distinguishing the so-called
species enumerated in the above synonymy. For instance, the pleural process may be
longish or quite short, so also may the spinous process on the femur, and the anal legs
may be stout and short or longer and thinner. I believe, in fact, that these organs
vary considerably with sex and age. On Tab. II. figs. 2c-2hI have depicted the
anal somite of three specimens of a Scolopendra selected from a large series that was
obtained some years back at San Diego, Texas, by Mr. William Taylor. ‘These figures,
drawn to the same scale, well illustrate the variations that have just been mentioned.
I may add, moreover, that other specimens from the same set further illustrate the
same truth, scarcely any two of them being alike. ‘These Texan specimens I cannot
distinguish from the Central-American forms named S. azteca, S. tolteca, &c.; and,
so far as I can ascertain, they are nothing but S. viridis of Say, which was described
from Florida, and, according to Bollman, is spread over the South-eastern States of
the Union as far to the north as Tennessee. The last-named author, moreover,
distinguishes between S. viridis, which is found to the east of the Rocky Mountains,
and S. pachypus of Kohlrausch, which occurs in California. I have not, unfortunately,
seen specimens from California that are at all like S. viridis; but the thickness of
the anal legs in S. pachypus, upon which Bollman relies, is, it appears to me, an
untrustworthy character.

The arguments which thus lead me to consider that the Mexican species are to be
called S. viridis of Say are founded upon the assumption that Wood and Bollman are
correct in their identification of S. vivzdis. It must be remembered, however, that the
species in question is based upon specimens presenting a most unusual type of coloration
—that is, in having a green band down the back. ‘This at least appears to me to be
the case from reading Say’s description, where he says the posterior segments are
margined with yellow. Wood seems to me to have wrongly interpreted this statement,

SCOLOPENDRA. 23

since he supposed, although without grounds, that Say was referring to the posterior
margin of the segments.

In the British Museum, however, there is a North-American specimen, without
special locality, which agrees closely with Say’s description; and since this form has
never to my knowledge been figured, I take this opportunity of publishing a coloured
drawing of it for comparison with the specimen of S. viridis from San Andres in
Mexico (Tab. II. fig. 27). The difference between the two is startling enough; but I
presume, from the confidence with which S. viridis of Say has been discussed by those
who have written upon the North-American species of Scolopendra, that this peculiar
pattern of colouring is inconstant. Wood seems to have been well acquainted with
specimens presenting it. |

I may add that in Abbot’s drawings of Georgian Aptera, vol. xv., there is a figure of
a centipede agreeing almost exactly with Say’s description of S. viridis. It has the
antenne deep greenish blue; the head and first segment deep olive-green, the rest of
the segments with a green longitudinal median band and yellow sides ; the anal legs
olivaceous, the rest of the legs from the patella to the claw also deep green, but the
femur yellow like the maxillipedes. Abbot only appears to have seen one specimen,
that was taken under a log in April. He says it is a rare species, the smaller members
of the genus [? 8. parva, of Wood] being oftenest met with.

The Mexican examples before me that I here refer to S. viridis have been received
from the following localities :—Ciudad (Forrer) (one specimen, 59 millim. long); San
Andres Tuxtla (two specimens, identified by de Saussure as 8. tolteca) ; Omilteme (one
example, 87 millim. long, anal leg 15 millim. long, with stout segments; brownish
green in colour, with the hinder borders of the terga deeper green). Examples were
obtained by Dr. Stoll in Guatemala at the following localities: Volcan de Pacaya (three
specimens, 74, 52, and 42 millim. long); San Miguel Uspantan (one specimen, 43
millim.); Antigua (one specimen, 55 millim.); Guatemala city (four specimens, 75,
59, 47, and 45 millim.); and Quezaltenango (one specimen, 37 millim.).

The single specimen from Costa Rica measures 55 millim.

12. Scolopendra pachygnatha, sp. n. (Tab. II. figg. 3, 3 a, 5.)

Colour of trunk and legs uniform olive-green ; anterior end of body, with antennz, and posterior end of
body ferruginous.

Head suborbicular, rather small, very weakly punctulate, not suleate. Antenne composed of 25 segments,
whereof the basal 6 are naked. Mawillipedes with their coxal plate densely punctured and striate
anteriorly, deeply suleate behind; dental plates prominent, longish, diverging, quadridentate; fentoral
segments also basally coriaceous.

Terga smooth, scarcely punctured, from the second to the twentieth bisulcate, from the seventeenth to the
twentieth marginate ; sterna smooth, conspicuously bisulcate.

Anal somite small: tergite not sulcate ; pleura densely punctulate, the process almost absent, very short, blunt,
and tipped with many spinules; sternite narrow ; legs longish and slender, the width of the segments less
than half their length, angular process on the femur scarcely apparent, tipped with 1 or 2 spines; femur

24 CHILOPODA.

internally armed with 6 or 7 spinules, 2 or 1, 3,2, and below externally with about 8 spinules irregularly
arranged ; tarsi not spurred.

Tarsi of all the legs spurred.

Length 96 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Mezquital del Oro, Zacatecas (Buller coll.).

A single specimen.

The following species are unknown to me :—

Scolopendra occidentalis.
Scolopendra occidentalis, Meinert, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. xxiii. p. 197 (1886) *,

Hab. Wust Coast of Mzxtico (Capt. Goff 1).

I cannot grasp the essential characters of this species from the diagnosis ; but, so far
as can be judged, it would fall under the heading 6'° of the synoptical table given
on pp. 18, 14, alongside of S. viridis, and it may prove to differ from S. viridis in having
the anal legs long and slender, and the femora armed with 23 or 26 spines.

Scolopendra nicaraguensis.
Scolopendra nicaraguensis, Bollman, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 46, p. 198 (1893) *.

Hab. Nicaraeua (Bransford ').

This species is based upon a specimen 90 millim. in length, which, according to
Bollman, is related to S. heros, Girard, but has the anal legs thicker and shorter, the
anterior 15 dorsal plates immarginate, and the anal plate shorter and wider. It is
also said to be distinguishable from S. pachypus, Kohlr., by having the anal legs less
crassate.

If worth a separate title, this form will probably prove to be at most only a sub-
species of S. azteca, the Mexican form of S. viridis.

[CORMOCEPHALWS.
Cormocephalus, Newport, Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. p. 419 (1845).

Cormocephalus aurantiipes.
Cormocephalus aurantiipes, Newp. loc. cit. p. 420.

This species, which is typically Australian, no member of the genus to which it
belongs having been previously obtained from any part of either North or South
America, has been recorded by Meinert [Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. xxiii. p. 206 (1886)]
from Guatemala. Probably, however, this locality is erroneous; but if correct we
may safely assume either that the specimen was accidentally introduced or has been
wrongly determined. | |

PAROTOSTIGMUS. 25

PAROTOSTIGMUS, gen. nov.

I propose this new generic name for the American species of Centipedes which have
hitherto been assigned to Otostigmus. A considerable number of these species have
now been described, and they all agree amongst themselves, and differ from the Oriental
members which belong to Otostigmus in the strict sense of the word, in having the
anal pleure posteriorly truncate and the anal femora unarmed.

1. Parotostigmus denticulatus, sp.n. (Tab. II. figg. 10, 10 a-c.)

Colour (in alcohol) very variable, mostly of a greenish ochraceous tint with a bluish or reddish tinge of colour ;
shining, sometimes strongly, with metallic lustre.

Body slender, attenuated anteriorly and posteriorly.

Head a very little wider than long, convex, finely punctured, without sulci.

Antenne short, composed of 17 segments, whereof the basal 2 are naked and the rest clothed with
pubescence of a reddish tint.

Mazillipedes: coe lightly convex, mesially and longitudinally impressed posteriorly, faintly punctured ;
prosternal plates wider than long, almost contiguous and parallel, bearing four sharp subequal teeth;
femur with conspicuous sharply bifid tooth.

Tergites finely and closely punctured, from the sixth bisulcate, all, except the last, with unraised margins,
laterally wrinkled and marked between the sulci with two shallow, longitudinal grooves, the wrinkling
being especially conspicuous in the posterior portion of the body; finely granular, either thickly and
irregularly, or more sparsely, indistinctly, and subserially.

Sternites smooth and shining, very finely punctured, not sulcate, but marked more or less distinctly with four,
an anterior and posterior median and two lateral, impressions.

Anal somite: tergite with raised margins, not sulcate, mesially impressed posteriorly ; pleure thickly covered
with larger and smaller pores, produced posteriorly into a smooth blunt process which projects a little
beyond the lateral margin of the tergite, without trace of spines; sternite with converging margins,
rounded angles, and straight posterior border, mesially impressed ; /egs without spines, of moderate
length, the femur thicker distally than proximally, claw basally spurred ; tarsus unspined.

Legs: claws spurred, proximal tarsal segment with a single spine, first pair of legs with an anterior tibial
spine ; in the posterior part of the body the legs are sometimes finely granular proximally.

Length up to 56 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula 6000 to 7000 feet, and Omilteme 7000 to 9000 feet, both in
Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Several specimens, found under rotting wood in clearings and in the forest.

Judged by the formation of the dorsal plates, the species of this genus may for con-
venience be divided into two sections—the first comprising those in which the tergites,
at least in the hinder half of the body, have elevated margins, and the second those in
which all the tergites, except the anal, have simple margins. Into the former division
fall Otostigmus scabricauda (Humb. & Sauss.) (=O. appendiculatus, Porat), from Brazil
and Ecuador; O. inermis, Porat, from Buenos Ayres; 0. occidentalis, Meinert, from
Hayti; O. brasiliensis, Meinert, from Bahia; O. sudcatus, Meinert, from Monte Video;
O. kerviliei, Karsch, from Ecuador; and 0. spiculiferus, Pocock, from St. Vincent.
Whereas to the latter section belong 0. limbatus, Meinert, from Buenos Ayres and
Brazil, and the Mexican species above described.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER.. Chilop., January 1896. E

26 CHILOPODA.

P. denticulatus differs from P. limbatus in being wrinkled and granular above, the
latter being described as ‘ sublevis.”

RHYSIDA.
Rhysida, Wood, Journ. Acad. Phil. v. p. 40 (1863).

The following synopsis will serve to show the diagnostic characters of the three
Central-American species referred to Rhysida :—

a. Femur of the anal leg armed with about 7 strong spines, 3 of which
are arranged externally in a longitudinal series on its lower surface
(terga in the posterior half of the body at least with elevated margins). /ongipes, Newp.
6. Femur of the anal leg without spines.
a’. Lateral margins of the terga in the posterior half of the body
elevated (testibus Humbert & Saussure, and Meinert) . . . . celeris, Humb. & Sauss.
b'. Lateral margins of all the terga, except the last, simple, aud un-
raised 2. ee we ee ee ee ee ew ee ee emmarginata, Porat.

1. Rhysida immarginata. (Tab. III. figg. 1, 1 ac.)

Branchiostoma immarginatum, Porat, Bih. Sv. Vet.-Ak. Handl. iv. no. 7, p. 24 (1876) °.

Branchiostoma indicum, Kohlr. Arch. f. Naturg. 1881, 1, p. 67°. .

Branchiostoma gymnopus, Kohlr. loc. cit. °*.

Branchiostoma subspinosum, Témosvary, Term. fiizetek, ix. p. 65 (1885) °*.

Branchiostoma celebense, Haase, Abhandl. Zool. Mus. Dresden, no. 5 (1887), p. 86 (var. of
immarginatum) °.

Branchiostoma ceylonicum, Haase, loc. cit. (var. of gymnopus) °.

Hab. Mexico, Ciudad in Durango (forrer); British Honpuras, Stann Creek, Belize
(Robertson) ; GUATEMALA, near the city (Stoll); Nicaragua, Greytown (Janson) ; PANAMA,
Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).—ORIENTAL REGION.

This is, I believe, the correct synonymy of the species, to which are ascribed the
Central-American examples. But seeing that others ‘may possibly hold a different
view as to the correctness of referring the New World examples to the Old World
species, the following description of the American examples has been prepared as a
check upon the determination of them :— |

Colour olivaceous or ochraceous ; legs pale green or testaceous; shining.

Head wider than long, somewhat coarsely and sparsely punctured, not sulcate, covered posteriorly by the first
tergite.

Antenne moderately long, composed of from 18-21 segments, of which the basal 2 and half the third are
naked, and the rest pubescent.

Mawillipedes indistinctly punctured ; prosternal plates not large, wider than long, slightly diverging, with

convex border bearing four sharp teeth, of which the external is the smallest; femoral tooth large and
subdentate.

Tergites smooth or at most lightly wrinkled, from the third or fifth bisulcate; margins simple and unraised.

Sternites smooth, without impressions and without sulci.

Anal somite: tergite without median sulcus, not impressed behind; plewre punctured throughout, produced
into a longer or shorter stout process, which is terminated by two spines, without lateral or superior

RHYSIDA,. 27

spine ; sternite broad, a little narrowed posteriorly, with lightly convex sides and an emarginate hinder
border ; legs long and slender, femur unarmed ; tarsus not spined, claw with basal spurs.

Legs: first to seventeenth or eighteenth with two tarsal spurs, nineteenth and twentieth with one tarsal spur ;
first to the sixth with an anterior tibial spur ; the first with an anterior patellar spur.

Length 52 millim.

All the names given above in the synonymical list were applied to examples from
different parts of the Oriental Region. The characters, however, upon which the
so-called species were established do not seem to be reliable. The Banda form,
ft. gymnopus, which has the anal femur unarmed and the pleure tipped with two
spines, is identical with the Central-American examples here recorded ; and R. gymnopus
is connected with the typical A. immarginata by means of R. ceylonica, which has a

few spines on the femur.

2. Rhysida celeris.

Branchiostoma celer, Humb, & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xxii. p. 202 (1870) *; Mém. Mex.
Myr. in Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 122, t. 6. fig. 16°; Kohlr. Arch. f. Naturg. 1881, 1,
p- 69°; Meinert, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 1886, p. 183 *.

Colour pale green or olivaceous, flavo-brunneous or ochraceous beneath; feet, except the posterior, and
antenne flavo-brunneous.

Body tolerably slender or more robust, nearly smooth.

Head suborbicular, immarginate, its posterior margin more or less covered.

Antenne tolerably short, 20 (18-21) segments; except the first three segments, densely and shortly hairy, the

median segments long or longish.
Prosternal teeth four on each side, arranged in pairs, somewhat blunt; coxal tooth almost smooth.
Anal legs very long, slender, unarmed.
Dorsal lamine, except the first four, marginate.
Posterior pleure manifestly rough, thickly porous, produced into a smooth, sharp angle, which is terminated by

two spines.
Last ventral lamina tolerably wide, narrowed and with rounded sides, posteriorly manifestly sinuate.

Length 70 millim.
Hab. Norta America, Carolina }—Nicaracua, Polvon* (McMiel).—Antiuxs,
Jamaica *.

Recorded originally from Carolina by Saussure, but subsequently from Jamaica and

Nicaragua by Meinert.
This species is unknown to me, but, apparently differs from 2. ¢mmarginata in having

some of its tergites margined.

3. Rhysida longipes. (Tab. II. fig. 11.)

Branchiostoma longipes, Newp. Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. p. 411 (1845)'; and of later authors.

Hab. Mexico, Mazatlan (forrer).—AntiLLes.—E. InpIEs.

This species has a wide range in the tropics, being not uncommon in both the East

and West Indies.
Since two or three good descriptions of 2. longipes have been published of late

years, it is unnecessary to redescribe it here.

28 CHILOPODA.

Fam. CRYPTOPIDZ, nov.
(= Plutoniine + Cryptopine, Bollman, 1893.)

Body composed of 21 leg-bearing segments, as in the Scolopendride ; but with eyes absent and the tarsi of
all the legs, except the last two pairs, undivided.

Containing Cryptops, Paracryptops, Theatops, and Plutonium.

THEATOPS.
Theatops, Newport, Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. p. 409 (1845).

1. Theatops spinicauda.
Opisthomega spinicauda, Wood, Journ. Acad. Phil. v. p. 86'; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. xiii. p. 170’;
Meinert, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 1886, pp. 208, 209°.

Hab. Nortu America, Illinois !?.—Mextico, Acapulco 3.

This species, described originally from North America, is recorded by Meinert from
Acapulco.

Fam. SCOLOPOCRYPTOPIDA, nov.

Body composed of 23 leg-bearing segments ; most of the terga nearly always bisulcate ; the sterna either not
sulcate or weakly bisulcate.

Head without eyes, overlapping the first tergite, which is strongly sulcate.

Mazxillary cove without the distinct dental plates which characterize the Scolopendride.

Anal pleure, as in the Newportiide, furnished with a very long spiniform process.

Anal legs long and slender, the femur armed with only two spines; the tarsi as in the Scolopendride.

The legs from the first to the twenty-first pairs with the tarsi undivided.

Omitting for the present Scolopendropsis, of which the systematic position is a
matter of doubt, this family contains but two genera, which may be recognized as
follows :—

a. The seventh somite with a pair of stigmata. . . . . . « . . ScoLopocryprTops.

(Type miersii, Newp.)
6, The seventh somite without stigmata. . . . . . . . . . . Ovrocryrrors, Haase.

(Type rubiginosa, L. Koch.)

Up to the present time the first-named has not been recorded from Central America,
being known only from Santa Lucia, in the Lesser Antilles, and Brazil.

OTOCRYPTOPS.—NEWPORTIIDZ. 29

OTOCRYPTOPS.
Otocryptops, Haase, Abhandl. Zool. Mus. Dresden, no. 5, p. 96 (1887).

The well-established American species of this genus may be recognized by the
following key :—

a. Margins of the head strongly raised; labial border almost straight ;
the tergites not bisulcate, the posterior, including the anal, with
raised margins . . . eee es . . . [seaspinosus (Say). ]
6. Margins of the head simple ; tergites bisuleate and with aed margins.
a‘. Anal tergite with elevated side-edges ; labial border produced, but
not distinctly dentate . . . . . .... . . . . .~ [gracilis (Wood). ]
6’. Anal tergite with rounded unraised edges.
a’. Labial border produced and eee ; head wider ; claws

with strong basal spurs . . . . os . ferrugineus, Linn.
6’. Labial border straight or emarginate, not decay ddntate’ head
narrower ; claws at most weakly spurred . . . . . . . melanostoma, Newp.

1. Otocryptops ferrugineus. (Tab. III. figg. 2, 2a-c.)
Scolopendra ferruginea, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12, p. 1063 *.
Otocryptops ferrugineus, Pocock, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv. p. 463 *.

Hab. Mexico (Saussure), Omilteme 7000 to 9000 feet, and Amula 6000 to 7600 feet,
both in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).—EcuapDor ; ANTILLES ?.

This species is also abundant in the West Indies and in the mountainous parts of
Ecuador, but has not been recorded from the Southern States of North America.
Mr. Smith’s specimens were found under rotting wood, about clearings and in the
forest.

For the full synonymy of this common species reference may be made to my paper
upon the Chilopoda of the West Indies (1. ¢.).

2. Otocryptops melanostoma. (Tab. III. figg. 3, 3 a-c.)
Scolopocryptops melanostoma, Newp. Trans. Linn. Soe. xix. p. 406".
Otocryptops melanostoma, Pocock, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv. p. 464.

Hab. Guatemaa, near the city (Stol/)—Braziu!; Antiuuzs, St. Vincent ?.

For the rest of the synonymy, see Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv. p. 464.

Fam. NEWPORTIIDA, nov.

Body composed of 23 leg-bearing segments, of which the terga are quadrisulcate and the sterna trisulcate,
with traces of a median transverse sulcus; the posterior extremity of the sterna is defined by an arched
transverse sulcus, the area thus defined being smooth and concealed beneath the anterior extremity
of the following sternal plate.

Head without eyes, overlapping the first tergite.

Mazillary cove without distinct dental plates.

30 CHILOPODA.

Pleure of the anal segment coarsely porous; the process long, slender, and simple.
Anal legs spinous, antenniform, the posterior tarsal segment being clawless and divided into many or few
segments.

At present two genera only of this family have been established. They may be
recognized as follows :—

a. The distal tarsal segment of the anal leg divided into many minute
ill-defined segments. . . . . ..... . =. +. . . . SCOLOPENDRIDEs, Sauss.
(Type mexicanus, Sauss.)
6. The distal tarsal segment of the anal legs divided into relatively few
distinct, sharply-defined, long, cylindrical segments . . . . . Newport, Gervais.
(Type longitarsis, Newp.)

SCOLOPENDRIDES.
Scolopendrides, Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1858, p. 546.

The following table will serve to show some of the differential characters of the
species of this genus :—

a. Tibia of anal leg spined beneath ; spines on the inner edge of the
femur apparently as large as those on the lower surface of this
segment . .. . a . . « mexicanus, H.& 8.
6. Tibia of anal leg unarmed ; ; spines on the inner edge of the femur
much smaller than those on the lower surface.
a'. Terga not mesially carinate.
a, The protarsus of the anal leg wider than the tarsus; the
head transversely sulcate posteriorly ; patella of anal leg
armed beneath with two spines; transverse sulcus of first
tergite semicircular. . . . . . . [ernsti, Poc. — Venezuela
6’. The protarsus of the anal leg not , wider than the tapas: ; and St. Vincent. |
head not transversely sulcate; transverse sulcus of first
tergite ovate; patella of anal leg armed with one inferior
spine... woe ee ee we we ew ww.) Lbrevipes, Poc.—Demerara. |
6. Terga mesially carinate ; spine-armature of anal legs as in
S. ernsti; head not transversely sulcate; sulcus of first
tergite part of a circle; protarsus and tarsus of anal leg
approximately equalin width . . . . . . . . . . stolli, sp. n.

1. Scolopendrides mexicanus.

Scolopendrides mexicana, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1858, p. 546°.

Scolopocryptops mexicana, Sauss. Mém. Mex. Myr. in Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 13], t. 7.
fig. 48”.

Newportia mexicana, Humb. & Sauss. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myriop. p. 138°.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova !~3,

SCOLOPENDRIDES. 31

This species is unknown to me in nature, but trom de Saussure’s figures and descrip-
tions the following differential characters may be made out :—

In the anal legs, the femur, patella, and tibia are subequal in length and, taken
together, longer than the tarso-metatarsus; the femur, patella, and proximal end of
the tibia are densely hirsute ; the upper inner edge of the femur is furnished with a row
of four spines, the under surface with a row of four larger spines; patella armed beneath
with a single median spine, and the tibia with three median spines; the proximal
segment of the tarso-metatarsus is distally narrowed and passes into an indistinctly
multi-segmented antenniform portion.

Nothing, unfortunately, is said about the arrangement of the sulci on the first
tergite.

2. Scolopendrides stolli, sp.n. (Tab. III. figg. 4, 4 a-c.)

Colour pale eastaneous, the terga slightly infuscate.

Head elongate, narrowed anteriorly, its posterior border strongly convex, its posterior half marked with two
fine parallel strie.

Antenne rather short, attenuate, hirsute at the base, pubescent elsewhere.

Cowal plate of the maxillipedes narrowed and produced forwards in tront, angularly excised.

Terga sparsely but noticeably punctured, the first marked anteriorly with an arched transverse groove, which
reaches posteriorly to the middle of the plate, the area in front of and behind this groove marked with two
parallel continuous sulci; the second only sulcate quite in front; the rest (7.¢. to the twenty-second)
normally marked with four sulci, but in addition furnished with a median longitudinal keel.

Sterna with the usual median groove and the lateral posteriorly abbreviated groove on each side, the transverse
groove obsolete.

Anal somite: tergum neither sulcate nor carinate, its sides elevated and parallel, its posterior border a little
produced mesially ; plewre not closely punctured, the posterior process smooth, hirsute, moderately long,
its apex slightly upturned ; sternum wide, nearly parallel-sided, its posterior border straight ; legs longish,
about as long as the head and first eight terga; the femur, patella, and tibia subequal in length, the
latter slightly the shortest ; the protarsal segment about half as long as the tibia, the tarsus about as wide
as the protarsus, almost as long as the femur and tibia taken together; the femur compressed and cari-
nate below, hairy, notched and sulcate above, posteriorly its inner edge armed with a few minute spinules,
armed below with a series of 5 or 7 spines, of which the 4 posterior extend at equal distances throughout
the greater length of the segment, the rest being inconstant (1 on one leg, 3 on the other) and placed at
the anterior end ; patella also compressed below, armed in its anterior half with two spines, this segment
also notched above posteriorly.

Rest of the legs hairy, the twenty-second pair long, very hairy, not spurred, with the tarsus completely divided ;
tarsi of the rest incompletely segmented, armed below with one spur, the tibia armed distally with two
or three spurs.

Length about 35 millim.; of anal leg 10 millim.

Hab. Guatemaa, Quezaltenango (Stoll).

This species, of which only a single specimen is known, may be easily recognized
from S. mexicanus by having the inner edge of the anal femur and the lower edge of
the tibia unarmed, and by the presence of two spines on the lower surface of the
patella.

32 CHILOPODA.

NEWPORTIA.
Newportia, Gervais, Insectes Aptéres, iv. p. 298 (1847).

Synopsis of the known species of Newportia (excepting NV. azteca).

a. The transverse sulcus of the first tergite evenly crescentic ;
the longitudinal sulci not bifurcating in front.
a’. Femur of anal leg with 3 ones inferior spines; patella
unarmed... . . . . . . . [ pusilla, Poc.—St. Vincent, W. Ind.]
6’. Femur of anal leg with 4 long. spines ; +; patella internally
armed with 2 spines.
a’. Proximal tarsal segment of anal leg almost as long
as the tibial; tarsus shorter and composed of a
few segments (?complete) . . . . . . [monticola, Poc.—Chimborazo. |
6°. Proximal tarsal segment of anal leg about half the
length of the tibial; the tarsus nearly as long as
the rest of the leg, composed of 11 segments . . [longitarsis, Newp.—St. Vincent. ]
b. The transverse sulcus of the first tergite distinctly angular ;.
the longitudinal sulci bifurcating in front; femur of
anal leg with 4 spiniform teeth.
c’. Patella of the anal Jeg armed below with 3 spines in a
row, unarmed internally, proximal tarsal segment
only a little shorter than the tibia. . . . . . spinipes, sp. n.—Omilteme.
d’, Patella of the anal leg either unarmed beneath or
armed with only 1 spine; its inner surface armed
with 1 or 2 spines.
a’, Patellaof the anal leg unarmed beneath, the proximal
tarsal segment only a little shorter than the tibia . [dentata, Poc.—Andes of Ecuador. |
6°. Patella of anal leg with one spine beneath, the proxi-
mal tarsal segment about half the length of the tibia. rogersi, sp. 1.—Costa Rica.

1. Newportia azteca,
Newportia azteca, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xxi. p. 158 (1869)'; Miss. Sci. Mex.,
Myriop. p. 137, t. 6. fig. 20 (1872) °.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova! 2.

This species may prove to be the same as that described below as WN. spinipes. In
many structural points the two are evidently closely allied; but since Humbert and
de Saussure say nothing about the spine-armature of the lower surface of the femur
and patella of the anal legs, one is compelled to refer to the figure for information on
this point: so far as can be judged, the four strong spines which project from the
lower surface of the femur in J. spinipes, as well as in the other species of this genus
(three in WV. pusilla), are represented by about two much smaller spines; and one cer-
tainly has no right to assume without further evidence that the authors overlooked such

NEWPORTIA. 33

conspicuous structures as the four spines in WV. spinipes, nor that the artist intended to
represent them by the two small spines he has figured. As for the patella, it certainly
appears to be armed, as in WV. spinipes, with three spines; but the middle one of these,
instead of lying in the same straight line as the first and third, appears to be placed
higher up upon the inner surface of the segment. So that if the spine-armature of
the anal legs in NV. azteca has been figured with even an approach to accuracy, we must
conclude that WV. azteca differs from all the ‘species of the genus that have been
established of late years. 2 |

2. Newportia spinipes, sp.n. (Tab. III. figg. 5, 5 a-d.)

Colour ochraceous, head and maxillipedes pale castaneous.

Body long, slender, and nearly parallel-sided.

Head about as wide as long, sparsely punctured and hairy, its margins not elevated, its posterior angles
rounded, furnished posteriorly with two short anteriorly abbreviated sulci.

Antenne composed of 17 segments, whereof the basal three are sparsely setose and the rest densely pubescent,
the apical segment not longer than the penultimate.

Masxillipedes conspicuously punctured and hairy ; cove with anterior border not produced, nearly straight,
lightly excised in the middle line, and furnished on each side of the middle with one very short, very
wide black tooth; the femur internally subdentate.

Tergites : the first marked before its anterior border by a strong angular groove, the area round the.apex of
the angle depressed ; also furnished with two complete fine longitudinal sulci, which converge slightly in
front of the transverse groove; posterior to the transverse groove the sulci bifurcate, the inner branches
of each bifurcation running obliquely inwards to meet the angle of the transverse groove ; the second
tergite the smallest ; from the second to about the tenth gradually increasing in size, from the tenth to
the twenty-first subequal, twenty-second shorter and narrower, twenty-third still shorter and narrower ;
the second to the twenty-second with two complete longitudinal sulci, the third to the twenty-first with
an oblique posteriorly abbreviated lateral sulcus, all (except the anal) with simple unraised borders ; the
prescuta distinct.

Sternites finely punctured, very long, longer than wide, much wider in front than behind, each largely over-
lapped posteriorly by the one that succeeds it, the posterior third of the sternite sloped backwards and
upwards and defined by a fine transverse bisinuate sulcus; each marked by fine longitudinal subparallel
sulci, a median and two lateral, the median sulcus abbreviated anteriorly and posteriorly, the internal of
the lateral sulci abbreviated anteriorly, and the external, abbreviated posteriorly, runs from a point on a
level with the posterior angle of the preceding sternite and terminates before reaching the transverse
sulcus.

Anal somite: tergite with lightly convex subparallel sides, margins strongly raised, ‘mesially impressed in its
posterior half, the posterior border convexly produced; pleure furnished with many conspicuous pores,
the posterior edge smooth, the process also smooth, slender, elongate, and tipped with a single spine ; a few
small scattered spines near the posterior border of the pleura, the posterior inner edge of the pleura, on
the inner side of the articulation of the anal legs, is chitinous and has a convex serrate margin ; sternite
wider than long, narrowed posteriorly, its hinder border deeply and mesially emarginate; legs not hairy ,
the femur a little shorter but stouter than the patella, armed in the middle line below with four strong
spiniform teeth, and externally and internally with many minute irregularly arranged spinules, the upper
border furnished posteriorly with a median marginal notch, from which an abbreviated groove runs
forwards ; the patella shorter than the tibia, armed below in its anterior two-thirds with three spiniform
teeth and furnished externally and internally with a few scattered spinules, also bearing a superior
posterior notch ; the tibia unarmed, except for a few minute spinules; the tarso-metatarsus composed of
a proximal sobayiavisical segment, equalling the patella in length, and a distal, antenniform portion
composed of about 13 distinctly defined cylindrical segments, this distal portion being articulated to the
superior half of the posterior articular surface of the proximal portion ; tarso-metatarsus much longer
than the femur, patella, and tibia taken together.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Chilop., January 1896. F

34 _CHILOPODA.

Legs with claws furnished with two basal spurs; tibia armed distally with an anterior and an inferior spine ;
tarso-metatarsus armed distally with a single inferior spine; the twenty-second pair of legs much longer
and stronger than the twenty-first, with the tarso-metatarsus divided into two segments, whereof the
proximal is longer than the distal ; tibia and tarsus unspined ; the tarso-metatarsus of the rest of the legs
indistinctly bisegmented ; the femur, patella, and tibia of all the legs armed inferiorly with one or more
spinules. In one specimen the femur in the anterior three pairs of legs is furnished with many spinules,
and in the other the twenty-second and twenty-third pairs of legs are densely pubescent distally,

Length up to 46 millim.; of anal leg 15 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme 7000 to 9000 feet, and Sierra de las Aguas Escondidas
9500 feet, both in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Found under rotting logs, in clearings and in the forest.

3. Newportia rogersi, sp. n. (Tab. III. figg. 6, 6 a-d.)

Colour deep ochraceous, head and maxillipedes castaneous.

Body attenuated anteriorly and posteriorly.

Head marked with larger and smaller punctures, sparsely hairy ; a little longer than wide, with widely rounded
posterior angles, marked behind with two very short longitudinal sulci.

Antenne composed of 17 segments; distal segments pubescent, basal two segments furnished with longer
hairs.

Mavillipedes punctured like the head-plate; the coxe with the anterior border lightly produced and nearly
straight, bearing on each side of the middle line one wide very short plate-like tooth ; femur not dentate.

Tergites smooth and shining ; the first marked with a strong transverse angular sulcus, the area around the
apex of the angle depressed ; the area in front of this sulcus not longitudinally sulcate, the area behind it
furnished with two longitudinal sulci, each of which bifureates in front, the internal branch running to
the apex of the angle of the transverse sulcus, the external meeting this sulcus at a point one-third of
the distance from the angle; second and twenty-second tergites bisulcate, third to the twenty-first
quadrisuleate, as in Cryptops; all, except the anal, with unraised margins; prescuta distinct and
bisulcate.

Sternites wider in front than behind, each, except the first and last two, furnished with three longitudinal
sulci—a median, more or less complete, and on either side a lateral anterior, which does not extend beyond
the joint of the legs ; each, except the twenty-first and twenty-second, overlapped by the one that is behind
it, the covered portion marked by a deep, transverse, gently arched groove, the twenty-second without sulci.

Anal somite: tergite not sulcate, with raised lateral margins, posterior border convexly produced in the middle
line ; pleura, except the superior portion and the process, furnished with very many larger and smaller
circular pores, the process elongate, slender, pointed and simple, the posterior surface internally chitinous
and serrate ; sternite narrowed posteriorly, with lightly concave posterior border; legs shorter, the femur,
patella, and tibia subequal in length, the femur triangular in section, the posterior edge of the upper
surface mesially notched, the superior internal edge furnished with about two rows of spicules, the under
surface armed mesially with four enormous spiniform teeth ; the patella subcylindrical, the inner surface
armed in front with a smaller spiniform tooth, there being a similar spiniform tooth in the anterior half
of the inferior surface; femur and patella internally hairy ; tibia smooth, unarmed, and subcylindrical ;
tarso-metatarsus composed of from seven to twelve segments, the first (proximal segment) about half the
length of the tibia and about equalling in length the second and third, all the segments of the antenniform
portion very distinct, each being wider at its distal than at its proximal extremity ; the tarso-metatarsus
attenuate and a very little shorter than the femur, patella, and tibia taken together.

Legs distinctly hirsute ; tarso-metatarsus undivided and unspined ; claws spurred; tibia furnished with
an anterior distal spine; the twenty-second pair only normally larger than the twenty-first, its tarso-
metatarsus very indistinctly divided,

‘Length 32 millim. ; of anal leg 7:5 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, Volcan de Irazu (Aogers).

NEWPORTIA.—GEOPHILUS. 30

This species is closely related to the preceding, but differs in the structure of its
anal legs. Thus the proximal segment of the tarso-metatarsus is only about half the
length of the tibia, while all its segments taken together are a little shorter than the
femur, patella, and tibia of this appendage; the patella, moreover, is armed with
only one spine beneath. In WV. spinipes, on the other hand, the proximal segment of
the tarso-metatarsus of the anal legs is almost as long as the tibia, and all its segments
taken tcgether are considerably longer than the femur, patella, and tibia; moreover,
the patella is armed beneath with three strong spines.

Another species has been added to the genus Newportia whilst this paper was in the
printer’s hands, This is WV. balzani, from Rio Apa, Paraguay, described by Sign. F.
Silvestri in the Annali del Museo Civico di Genova, xxxiv. p. 767 (1895). From the
description it is not easy to separate this species from NV. pusilla, Poc., except in so far
as it appears that the latter has the anal tarso-metatarsus composed of ten segments,
while in WV. balzani there are twelve subdivisions,

Order GEOPHILOMORPHA, nov.
[= Geophilide of authors. |

There cannot be much doubt that this order will prove to be divisible into several
families.

GEOPHILUS.
Geophilus, Leach, Trans, Linn. Soc. xi. p. 884 (1845).

The Central-American species of Geophilus may be recognized by the following
key * :—

a. Anal sternite wide, wider than long; anal pleure without pores; head

wider, with convex sides, maxille weaker, sides of the coxal plate largely

overlapped by the pleura, the line of their union lying obliquely inwards

and backwards . ...... CR ee oe oe ees, 2 SS.
6. Anal sternite narrow, parallel-sided; anal pleure porous; head long,

parallel-sided, coxal plate of maxillipedes wider, the line of junction

* There is little doubt that the characters mentioned under headings a and 6 of the above table are worthy
of generic rank, and in that case G. aztecus is the only species of the five that will fall into the genus Geophilus,
of which G. carpophagus, Leach, is the type. The rest of the species will, I suspect, work out to be referable
to Mecistocephalus, Newp.; but in any case they already have the two names Pachymerium, C. Koch, and
Polycricus, Sauss. & Humb.

F2

36 CHILOPODA.

between it and the pleure nearly parallel to the long axis of the body,
basal plate narrow, much narrower than the first tergite.
a'. Anal tergite short and wide, covering the pleure infront. . . . . toltecus,H. & S.
6’. Anal tergite much longer, narrower, not covering the pleure in front ;
pleure distinctly porous above. |
a’. Coxe of maxillipedes scarcely punctured; posteriorlegs shorter, stouter,
the segments decreasing in length distally ; under 30 mm. in length,
and with fewer than 60 pairs of legs. . . . . . «ee +e) Stolli, sp. n.
b°. Coxe of maxillipedes coarsely punctured; anal legs longer, the
segments distally increasing in length; over 40 mm. in length, and
with over 70 pairs of legs.
a’. Anal pleure weakly inflated, and not extending forward on each

side of the anal prescutum . . . Loe . 2 « «6 Salvini, sp. n.
6°. Anal pleure strongly inflated and extending forwards on each side
of the anal prescutum. . . . . 1 ee ee ee ee godmani, sp. n.

1. Geophilus aztecus. (Tab. III. figg. 7, 7 ac.)
Geophilus aztecus, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xxi. p. 159 (1869)'; Miss. Sci. Mex.,
Myriop. p. 140, t. 6. fig. 21 (1872) *.

Colour ochraceous, legs testaceous, head and maxillary coxe pale castaneous, the tergites sometimes marked
in the anterior half of the body with a median wide fuscous band which becomes progressively less
distinct towards the hinder extremity.

Body attenuated posteriorly, hairy.

Head a little wider than long, about as wide behind as in front, its anterior and posterior borders straight,
lateral borders evenly and lightly convex from angle to angle, punctured and hairy ; frontal suture not
invisible.

Antenne short, clothed with shorter and longer hairs, stout, only a little attenuated ; the segments narrowed at
the base, the apical segment subcylindrical, a little longer than the penultimate, abruptly narrowed and
pointed at its apex. .

Cowal plate of mawillipedes wider than long, its sides strongly converging posteriorly, chitinous lines incom-
plete, anterior border not dentate, lightly excavated, punctured and shortly hairy ; pleure embracing the
sides of the sternite, conspicuous from below ; jaws short, largely overlapping the head at the sides, but
scarcely overlapping it in front, the joint of the claw falling short of the anterior angles of the head,
Prebasal plate just visible, but very short. Basal plate wide and long, as wide posteriorly and as long as
the first tergite, its anterior border lightly concave, its lateral borders strongly converging anteriorly.

Tergites, including the first, but with the exception of a few of the last, bisulcate ; shining, sparsely hairy.

Sternites with a median longitudinal impression and a posterior transverse porous area.

Pleural prescuta larger than the tracheal sclerites which are in contact with the tergite.

Anal somite: tergite almost covering the pleura, a little wider than long, wider in front than behind, its sides
gently converging posteriorly, with rounded posterior angles ; pleure not inflated, smooth, without pores,
at least on their uncovered portion, bearing a few rounded pores beneath the edge of the sternite ;
sternite wide, wider than long, with gently converging, lightly convex sides and straight or slightly

concave hinder margin; prosternal pieces distinct; legs about as long as those of the preceding somite,
composed of six segments and armed with a claw, thicker in the male.

Numbers of pairs of legs 57 and 59.

Length up to 52 millim,

Hab. Mexico, Eastern Cordillera (Saussure 1 7), Omilteme in Guerrero 7000 to 9000
feet (H. H. Smith).

GEOPHILUS. 37

2. Geophilus toltecus. (Tab. III. figg. 8, 8 a-c.)

Arthronomalus toltecus, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1869, p. 159°.

Arthronomalus (Polycricus) toltecus, Humb. & Sauss. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myriop. p. 143, t. 6.
fig. 23 *,

Colour testaceous, slightly darker anteriorly ; head and maxillipedes pale castaneous ; shining.

Body attenuated posteriorly.

Head sparsely punctured, marked posteriorly by two anteriorly diverging shallow sulci; rather wider in front
than behind, with straight anterior and slightly convex posterior border, evenly rounded angles, and
nearly straight sides ; nearly twice as long as wide; frontal plate distinct.

Antenne: of moderate length, clothed with shorter and longer hairs ; the segments much narrowed at the base ;
apical segment ovate, slightly longer than the penultimate.

Basal plate narrow, but wider than long, narrower posteriorly than the first tergite, its sides strongly con-
verging, mesially impressed ; prebasal plate invisible.

Mazxillipedes sparsely punctured and hairy; cowval plate mesially impressed, very nearly as long as wide, sides
parallel, anterior border bearing two pointed teeth, without chitinous lines, the pleure, seen from below,
very narrow ; femur slender, with a single internal blunt tooth, largely overlapping the head at the sides ;
claw bearing a sharp basal tooth, only slightly overlapping the head in front, the joint being about on a
level with the anterior angle of the head.

Tergites sparsely hairy, except the two first and the last two, bisulcate, some in the anterior half of the body,
with two feeble impressions between the main sulci.

Pleural prescuta larger than the tracheal sclerites which are in contact with the tergites.

Sternites mesially impressed longitudinally, without distinctly defined porous area.

Anal somite: tergite about as long as wide, not covering the pleure posteriorly and laterally, narrowed
posteriorly ; pleure furnished with about 30 larger and smaller, more or less scattered pores, the
pores set more closely together near the sternite ; sternite narrow, longer than wide, its sides posteriorly
converging, lightly impressed ; presternal sclerites distinct ; legs slender (in Q ), composed of six segments,
a little longer than the preceding pair, the segments nearly cylindrical and furnished distally with a few |
long hairs, not armed with a claw ; two anal pores.

Number of pairs of legs 51.

Length 40 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Eastern Cordillera and Orizaba (Saussure! *), Omilteme in Guerrero
7000 to 9000 feet (H. H. Smith).

8. Geophilus godmani, sp.n. (Tab. III. figg. 11, 11 a-c.)

Colour ochraceous ; head and maxillipedes castaneous.

Head longer than wide, its sides subparallel, lightly convex posteriorly ; posterior border straight, punctured,
with two posterior longitudinal impressions.

Basal plate narrow, narrower in front than the head, its sides diverging posteriorly, a little wider than the
head posteriorly, but much narrower than the first tergite; prebasal plate invisible.

Antenne setose, short, the segments nearly cylindrical and decreasing in length distally, the apical segment a
little longer than the penultimate.

Mawillipedes very large, as wide as the first tergite, largely overlapping the head laterally and anteriorly by at
least the length of the claw; cowal plate punctured with a median longitudinal impression ; chitinous
lines absent, pleurze just showing at the sides, the anterior border bidentate, the jaws directed straight
forwards, parallel, punctured, the femur armed internally with a tubercle; the claw armed with a distinct
basal internal tooth.

Tergites bisulcate, smooth.

Sternites with a median longitudinal impression.

Anal somite wider than the one that precedes it; the tergite narrow, oblong, narrower than its prescutal
piece, longer than wide, nearly parallel-sided, a little narrowed distally. Plewre large, inflated, considerably

38 CHILOPODA.

uncovered both above and below, closely porous throughout ; sternite small, narrow, parallel-sided, longer
than wide ; /egs in female long, slender, longer than the preceding pair, without a claw.

Number of pairs of legs 73-75.

‘Length up to about 50 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 7000 to 9000 feet (H. H. Smith).

This species and G. toltecus were taken in considerable numbers from beneath rotting
logs at Omilteme. Until examined somewhat closely, the two appear identical ; but
G. godmani may, in reality, be easily recognized by its much narrower anal tergite and
larger and more inflated anal pleura, not to mention the greater number of its legs.

4. Geophilus salvini, sp.n. (Tab. III. figg. 10, 10 a-c.)

Colour testaceo-ochraceous, with a median dorsal fuscous band more or less clearly defined in the anterior half
of the body, but gradually disappearing posteriorly ; head, antenne, and maxillipedes pale castaneous.

Body slender, a little attenuated posteriorly.

Head polished, somewhat coarsely punctured, considerably longer than wide, its sides nearly straight and sub-
parallel, convex and somewhat abruptly converging before the anterior and posterior border, posterior
border straight.

Prebasal plate invisible ; basal plate punctured, much wider than long, its sides straight and strongly con-
verging, its posterior border narrower than the anterior border of the first tergite.

Antenne short and thick, nearly evenly thick throughout, sparsely hairy at the base, thickly hairy distally ;
segments a little narrowed at the base, apical segment ovate and longer than the penultimate.

Mawillipedes shining, punctured ; coxal plate mesially impressed, only a little wider than long, nearly parallel-
sided, without chitinous lines, the anterior border bidentate ; jaws long and somewhat slender, largely over-
lapping the head ai the sides and a little overlapping it in front, the joint of the claw being about on a
level with the anterior angles of the head, the femoral segment bearing a single internal distal blunt
tooth, and the claw armed with a basal sharp tooth.

Tergites smooth, except the first and a few of the last bisulcate, the space defined by the sulci bearing a con-
spicuous impression on each side of the middle line, giving the tergites the appearance of being quadri-
sulcate ; prescuta nearly as wide as the tergites, and not sulcate.

Sternites with a deep median impression and, in the anterior half of the body, shallow impressions on each side.

Pleural prescuta larger than the tracheal sclerites, which are in contact with the tergites.

Anal somite: tergite large, about as wide as long, narrowed posteriorly, not covering the pleure; pleure
moderately inflated, furnished below with large somewhat scattered pores; sternite narrow, about twice
as long as wide, its sides gently converging posteriorly; prosternal pieces distinct; legs short, a little
longer than the preceding pair, furnished with longer and shorter hairs, composed of six segments, and
not armed with a claw.

Number of pairs of legs 71.

Length about 43 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

5. Geophilus stolli, sp.n. (Tab. III. figg. 9, 9 a-c.)

Colour: body, legs, and antenne pale yellow; head and maxillipedes pale castaneous.

Body narrowed posteriorly.

Head parallel-sided, coarsely punctured.

Antenne narrowed distally, hirsute in their proximal half, much more closely and shortly hairy distally.

Maszillipedes sparsely hairy and punctured; coxal plate large, parallel-sided; its anterior border mesially
rather deeply notched and weakly bidentate; the jaws largely overlapping the head laterally and in front,
the joint of the claw, however, falling short of the anterior edge of the head-plate; the basal segment

GEOPHILUS.—CHOMATOPHILUS. 39

with a very small inner tooth, the two following segments unarmed, the claw with a distinct tooth at its
base,

Basal plate rather large, its length greater than half its anterior width, sparsely punctured, mesially impressed.

Tergites : the first scarcely bisulcate, the rest conspicuously so, sparsely hairy at the sides.

Sterna mesially impressed, posteriorly porous.

Anal somite: tergite elongate, its sides converging posteriorly, not covering the pleure laterally. Pleure
porous anteriorly above, below, and laterally, smooth posteriorly ; sternite narrow, narrower posteriorly ;
legs a little longer than the pair that precede them, clawless, moderately robust, stouter in the ¢ than
in the 2, and more densely hairy.

Number of pairs of legs—in ¢ 53,in 2 55.

Length up to 24 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, near the city (Stol/).

CHOMATOPHILUS, gen. nov,
1. Chomatophilus smithi, sp.n. (Tab. III. fig. 12.)

Body moderately robust, attenuated anteriorly.

Colour ochraceous, head and maxillipedes a shade darker.

Head elongate, narrow, a little longer than wide, narrowed slightly anteriorly, with lightly convex lateral
margins and straight posterior margin, smooth.

Antenne moderately elongate, thick at the base, gradually narrowed towards the apex, the segments cylindrical,
not longer than wide, the apical segment ovate, a little longer than the penultimate.

Prebasal plate invisible ; basal plate very wide, as wide anteriorly as the head, as wide posteriorly as the first
tergite, with its margins converging.

Maszxillipedes shining, punctured ; the coxal plate large, with deep, distinct, chitinous lines, the anterior border
straight, visible from above in the angle formed by the head and basal plate; jaws small and weak,
entirely covered both laterally and in front by the head-plate; the femur short and unarmed, the claw
moderately robust, curved, also unarmed.

Tergites smooth, lightly bisulcate, wider and about four times as long as the prescuta. Pleural prescuta large
and round, much larger than the tracheal selerites which are in contact with the tergites.

Sternates finely punctured, flat, not sulcate, and without distinct porous areas.

Anal somite small; tergite triangular, as wide anteriorly as the one that precedes it; its sides rapidly con-
verging posteriorly ; pleure small, without visible pores, almost covered by the tergite above, and very
largely by the sternite below; sternite very wide, nearly twice as wide as long, considerably wider than
that of the preceding somite, with its lateral margins and posterior angles convex and its posterior border
straight, the pleure projecting posteriorly slightly beyond it ; legs short, a little longer than the preceding
pair, the femur and coxa enlarged, the other segments moderately stout, cylindrical, pubescent, armed
with a claw.

The rest of the /egs thicker in the anterior than in the posterior half of the body, where they are moderately
long and slender.

Number of somites 81.

Length about 45 millim.

Hab, Mexico, Amula in Guerrero 6000 to 7000 feet (H. H. Smith).

A single example, probably a male. In its small and weak maxillipedes and large
basal plate this new genus comes near Himantarium, but it differs from all known
Geophilide in the remarkable width of the anal sternite.

40 CHILOPODA.

CHOMATOBIUS.
Chomatobius, Humbert & Saussure, Miss. Sci. Mex., Myriop. p. 145 (1872).

1. Chomatobius mexicanus. (Tab. III. figg. 13, 13 a—d.)

Geophilus mexicanus, Sauss. Mém. Mex. Myr. in Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 390, t. 7. fig. 49
(1866) *.

Chomatobius mexicanus, Humb. & Sauss. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myriop. p. 145°.

Hab. Nortu America, San Diego, Texas (Mus. Brit.).—Mexico, Cordova }.

ORPHN AUS.
Orphneus, Meinert, Nat. Tidschr. (3) vii. p. 17 (1870).

1. Orphneus brevilabiatus. (Tab. III. figg. 14, 14 a-d.)
Geophilus brevilabiatus, Newp. Trans. Linn. Soe. xix. p. 436, no. 9 (1845) °.
Geophilus lineatus, Newp. loc. cit. no. 10’.
Geophilus bilineatus, Peters, Reise Mossam., Ins. p. 531, t. 23. fig. 4°.
Chomatobius brasilianus, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xxii. p. 205 (1870) *; Miss. Sci:
Mex., Myriop. p. 146, t. 6. fig. 24°. .
Orphneus brasiliensis, Meinert, Nat. Tidschr. (3) vii. p. 20°; Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 1886, p. 2327.
Orphneus lividus, Meinert, loc. cit. p. 19°.
Orya xanti, Tomosvary, Term. fiizetek, ix. p. 64 (1885) °.
Hab. Mexico, Tampico in Tamaulipas (Richardson); Honpuras (Mus. Brit.?) ;
Nicaracua, Polvon’; Panama’.—Braziu4, Rio Negro 5,
This species is widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical parts of both
FKastern and Western Hemispheres. |
I have here added to the synonymy Chomatobius brasilianus, Humbert and Saussure.

NOTIPHILIDES.
Notiphilides, Latzel, Die Myriop. Osterr.-Ungar. Monarch. i. p. 20 (1880).

1. Notiphilides maximiliani. (Tab. III. figg. 15, 15 ad.)
Notiphilus maximiliani, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xxii. p. 205 (1870)*; Miss. Sci.
Mex., Myriop. p..141, t. 6. fig. 22 (1872) *.
Notiphilides maximiliani, Latzel, Die Myriop. Osterr.-Ungar. Monarch. i. p. 20 (1880)*; Meinert,
Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 1886, p. 232°.
Hab. Mexico, Campeche (Heller2), Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith) ; GuaTaMaLa
(Meinert * & Stoll)—Cotomsia ; TRINIDAD,

Widely distributed in the northern parts of the Neotropical Region. The British
Museum also has specimens from Colombia and Trinidad.

COLOBOGNATHA. 4]

Class DIPLOPODA, Blainville.

Subclass CHILOGNATHA.

The known Central-American Diplopoda are referable to the following sections. On
account of the diversity of opinion as to the value to be assigned to these sections, it is
proposed in the following pages to designate them merely as “ groups,” setting aside the
question as to whether they should take ordinal, subordinal, or superfamily rank :—

a. Mandibles degenerate or wholly suppressed ; labral area of head pointed ;
eight pairs of legs in front of the legs of the seventh segment . . . . CoLoBOGNATHA.
6. Mandibles not degenerate; labral region broadly truncated and emar-
ginate ; seven pairs of legs in front of the legs of the seventh segment.
a’, Tergal plates furnished with three symmetrically disposed pairs of
setze ; without scent-pores ; sterna not coalesced with terga. . . . CHORDEUMOIDEA.
b'. Tergal plates without such setz ; more or fewer with scent-pores; sterna,
except on a few of the anterior segments, invariably coalesced with
the terga (at least in the known Central-American species).
a’. Number of segments great and inconstant in the species; from
the fifth or sixth to the penultimate with a pair of scent-pores ;
phallopods of ¢ internal and derived from the posterior appendages
ot the seventh segment.
*, Stipites (lateral plates) of enathochilarium mesially in contact

proximally . . . . oS an . + « « . + Junorpea.
Bb. es of gnathochilarium widely separated proximally.
*, Segments 1-5 with a single pair oflegs . . . . . « « . SPIROBOLOIDEA.

* Segment 4 apodous, segment 5 with two pairs of legs. . . . SprrosTREProrpEa.
6°, Number of segments constant, 19 or 20; many without scent-

glands; phallopods external, derived from anterior legs of seventh
segment . 2 1. 2 6 eee eee ee ee ee ee 6+) 6 POLYDESMOIDEA.

Group I. COLOBOGNATHA.

Number of segments large and very variable within the species, with eight pairs of appendages in front of
those of the seventh segment. None of the anterior segments apodous, the first four bearing one pair
of appendages each, the fifth, sixth, seventh, and following segments, except the last two, which are
limbless, with two pairs*. Head with its labral region narrowed or pointed distally; mandibles
degenerate or suppressed; gnathochilarium narrowed distally, the mouth-parts being suctorial or

* JT here adopt; at all events for the time being, the usual interpretation of the disposition of the
appendages with reference to the segments, in preference to that put forward by Cook, who assigns a single
pair ‘of appendages to the first five segments, and two to each of the following segments, regarding the
gonopods of the male as derived from the posterior pair of the seventh and the anterior pair of the eighth,

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., November 1903. G

42 DIPLOPODA.

- semisuctorial. Terga from the fifth to the penultimate with a pair of lateral scent-glands ; pleural areas
large, membranous or chitinized; sterna freely movable. Legs with coxal pouches. Both pairs of legs
of 7th segment modified in the male, externally attached to distinct sternal plates lying in the same
plane as those in front and behind, short and thick, consisting of six or seven segments, the posterior
pair, constituting the phallopods, protected apically by the anterior pair.

Two families of Colobognatha are represented in Central America, viz. the Platy-
desmide and Siphonophoride, which are diagnosed below. Further research, however,
will probably reveal the existence in this area of a third family, the Polyzonide, which
has representatives both in North America, South America, and the West Indies. In
the structure of the gnathites the Polyzonide are somewhat intermediate between the
Siphonophoride and Platydesmide, the mandibles being distinct and bisegmented as
in the latter, whereas the gnathochilarium has lost the distinctness of its sclerites as in
the former. From both they differ in the form of the head, which is triangular, with
one or more pairs of eyes and a relatively narrow frontal area between the bases of
the antenne. Siphonotus, which occurs in South America, has a single pair of ocelli;
Polyzonium and Octoglena from three to four pairs in a subvertical series. Polyzonium
has been recorded from Indiana and Tennessee ; Octoglena, which is said to be distin-
guished from it by the emargination of the anterior tergite and the exposure of the eyes,

from Georgia [see Bollman, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 46, pp. 117, 137, 154, 187 (1893) ].

Fam. PLATYDESMIDZ.

Head broadly cordate, narrowed in the labral region, the edge of which is bluntly pointed. Antenne lateral.
Mandibles present, bisegmented. Gnathochilarium distinct, narrowed distally, but otherwise departing
but little from the type characteristic of the Chilognatha, the lingual lobes and stipites with or without
distinct terminal pieces; mentum large, L-shaped. Terga with median groove, two rows of tubercles,
and large carine. Pleural area membranous. Penes perforating coxe of second legs.

Distribution. Mediterranean Region ; Central Asia (Amurland); Malacca, Sumatra;

United States; Central America.

PLATYDESMUS.

Platydesmus, Lucas, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (2) i. p. 51 (1848) (type P. polydesmoides) ; and subse-
quent authors.
Piestodesmus, Lucas, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1849, p. 598 (type P. moreleti).
Characters as diagnosed below (p. 44).
Distribution, Central America.

instead of from the two pairs of the seventh segment. The question must still be regarded as open; and
Cook’s view may prove correct. But in a male specimen of Platydesmus perpictus I find 76 pairs of legs
and 38 segments (excluding the last two) behind the phallopods, which gives two pairs of legs to each of the
segments in question, as in other Helminthomorphous Chilognatha. Whereas, if Cook’s interpretation be
adopted, this specimen has only a single pair on the last leg-bearing segment.

PLATYDESMUS. 43

The two species of this genus described by Lucas, namely, Platydesmus polydesmoides
and Piestodesmus moreleti, were sufficiently distinct to justify fully at the time this
author’s view as to the generic value of their structural characters, de Saussure’s
statement to the contrary notwithstanding. The principal difference between the
types of Platydesmus and Piestodesmus, apart from the much greater width of the
body in the latter, lies in the form of the first tergal plate, which in Piestodesmus is
greatly expanded in front so as to cover the head completely, whereas in Platydesmus
it is widely excavated, leaving the summit of the head wholly exposed. The species
described and seen by de Saussure seem in no respect to lessen the value of this
structural character by supplying an intermediate stage between the two forms of
the tergal plate in question. So far as this structure is concerned, Platydesmus
mexicanus is a genuine Platydesmus, agreeing with polydesmoides and differing
essentially from Piestodesmus moreleti. Nevertheless de Saussure’s union of the two
is justified, and shown to be correct by the evidence furnished by the species in the
Godman and Salvin Collection. Amongst the Diplopods collected at Omilteme by
Mr. H. H. Smith, I find the two species of Platydesmus described below as P. hirudo
and P. mesomelas, which, with P. marmoreus, serve to bridge over completely the
interval between the extreme forms first named by Lucas.

I am unable to find any justification for Bollman’s statement (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus.
no. 46, pp. 137 & 188, 1893) that the type of Piestodesmus differs from that of Platy-
desmus in having two ocelli instead of one on each side of the head. Lucas describes
the species as having two—that is to say, one pair of ocelli.

Bollman also states that the genus Brachycybe, H. C. Wood (Proc. Acad. Phil. 1864,
p. 187; Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1865, p. 230), agrees in all points with Platydesmus,
except in being eyeless; and this feature he did not consider to be of generic value.
Silvestri, however, kept the two distinct on account of it; but that a specific rather
than a generic importance should be attached to the presence or absence of these
organs is, in my opinion, established by the discovery of Platydesmus guatemalensis,
which seems to differ from the typical and other species of Platydesmus only in
this particular, apart, that is to say, from other characters of admittedly specific
significance. Still I hesitate to follow Bollman and Brélemann in adding Brachycybe
to the synonymy of Platydesmus. Bollman’s description of P. lecontei, the type of
the genus, supplies no data justifying the separation of the two; but Brolemann’s
diagnosis (Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1900, p. 110, t. 57. figg. 69-77) assigns to this species
two characters which are not’ found in any of the Central-American species of Platy-
desmus available to me for examination. These are: (1) the reduction in width of the
sternal areas so that even in the mid-region of the body the coxal segments of the
appendages of the right and left side are mesially in contact; and (2) the presence
upon the sterna of a cariniform tubercle, which projects forwards in the middle line.

G 2

44 DIPLOPODA.

Until intermediate forms come to light, I think it expedient to keep the two genera
distinct upon this basis. They may be contrasted as follows :—

a. Sterna triangularly contracted between the crural acetabula, so that the coxe
of the legs are in contact; furnished with a forwardly directed cariniform
tubercle <6 ge ea ge a

b. Sterna not contracted between the crural acetabula, so that the coxe of the legs
on the right and left side are separated; not furnished with a cariniform
tubercle ©. 2 1 2 ee ee ee ee ww ew we we ee ee +) ~PhatypEsus.

BRACHYCYBE.

No species of Brachycybe have as yet been obtained from Central America. The
probability of the existence of the genus in Mexico, however, is forcibly suggested by
the record of B. lecontet from Georgia, Tennessee, and Arkansas, and of two others,
B. rosea, Murray, and B. californica, Karsch, which may or may not prove identical
with it, from California. The only representative of this group known to me, which
appears to belong to Brachycybe, is a specimen from Corfu, identified by Verhoeff as
Platydesmus typhlus, Daday. It is possible that all the Mediterranean species belong
to Brachycybe and not to Platydesmus ; but if the gnathochilarium is constructed as in
Dolistenus, this can hardly be the case.

Synopsis of the Species *.
a. Head without eyes [first tergal plate as under 0] . . . . . guatemalensis, Brél.
6. Head with a pair of eyes.
a‘. Anterior border of first tergal plate produced on each side into
| a forwardly projecting shelf more or less covering the head,
and separated from its fellow of the opposite side by a longi-
tudinal cleft or an acutely triangular narrow notch.
a’. Colour black, the keels yellowish.

a. First tergal plate completely covering the head, the
edges of the laminz forming a straight transverse line . moreleti, Luc.

6°. First tergal plate not completely covering the head, the
anterior edges of the two lamine diverging obliquely
outwards, not forming a straight line . . . . . «. mesomelas, sp. n.

6°. Colour brown, marbled with yellow bands and spots.

a‘. In median dorsal line a pale stripe, which expands at
intervals into four triangular patches; laminz of first
tergite much smaller, separated by a triangular notch
in the middle line . . . «© «© e+ + «© © «© ee « «marmoreus, sp. n.

b*. Median dorsal line dark with a pale interrupted band
on each side of it, formed of square or oblong patches ;
lamine of first tergite large, separated in middle line
by anarrow slit . .... 0... eee ey perpictus, sp. n.

* Excluding P. polydesnoides,. Lucas,

PLATYDESMUS.

6’. Anterior border of first tergal plate widely emarginate, without
any forwardly directed laminate expansion, anterior edge of
the body of the segment uncovered in the middle line; head
completely exposed.

a’. Evenly longitudinally banded above, the keels yellow, a
narrow pale median dorsal stripe, the area between this
stripe and the base of the keels uniformly black.

a’, Broader; sternal areas of segments in mid-region of
body wider than length of two basal segments (excl.
trochanter) of legs. . . . . < see ew

6°. Narrower; sternal areas of segments narrower than
length of two basal segments (excl. trochanter)

6°’. Pattern variegated, not consisting of evenly alternating
bands of black and yellow, median dorsal stripe broken
up, keels not uniformly yellow.

a". Body wide, only about four times as long as broad;
keels with one row of granules. . . . .. ,

6". Body narrow, at least six times as long as wide, both
anterior and posterior row of granules extending almost
to the extremity of the keels.

a*. Median dorsal band broken up into definite elongate
triangular patches; anal tergum smaller; keels less
granular ., . . er ‘

6°. Median dorsal band n not broken up into ) definite trian-

gular patches ; anal tergum larger, subquadrate; keels
with granules in addition to those of the two normal
YOWS . 2. 6 6 ew ew ew wee ee

45

hirudo, sp. n.

lineatus, sp. n.

mexicanus, H. & S.

triangulifer, sp. n.

analis, sp. n.

1. Platydesmus triangulifer, sp. n. (Tab. IV. figg. 4, 4 a-e.)

Colour: dorsal area of segments blackish with pale median band, which is not of even thickness throughout
but is broken up at fairly regular intervals into six elongate triangular expansions, being broadest upon
the sixth, fifteenth, twenty-fourth, thirty-fourth, forty-fifth, and fifty-second segments; where the
expansion occurs the black is reduced in width and intensity, and slightly diverges from the middle line;

keel and lateral area of dorsal region of segments yellowish-brown, but the segments on which the median
dorsal pale stripe is narrow ornamented with a much more clearly defined yellow spot between the
median line and the base of the keel ; last tergal plate yellowish-brown ; head infuscate above, antenne

and legs yellowish.

Body moderately long and slender, about six times as long as broad (21: 3:5). Head with eyes. First tergite
widely emarginate in front; the thickened anterior rims of the lateral keels widely separated in the
middle line. T'ubercles on segments strong, those of posterior line about thirteen in number on each
side, and extending right on to the keels. Last tergite relatively wide, but narrowed posteriorly, and
surpassed by the keels of the preceding segment. Sterna of mid-region of body nearly or about as wide

as basal segments of appendages. Number of segments 56-58.
Total length 21, width 3°5 millim.

Hab, Guatemala, Volcan de Acatenango (Sfol/).

46 DIPLOPODA.

2. Platydesmus analis, sp.n. (Tab. IV. figg. 3, 3 a-g.)

Colour marbled ; dorsal surface blackish in the middle, yellowish laterally, with a yellow spot in the centre
of the fourteenth, twenty-second, thirty-second, fortieth, forty-sixth, and fiftieth segments ; the keels of
these same segments yellow ; the rest of the keels deep brown with a yellow basal spot separated by a
dark area from the yellow lateral portion of the dorsal surface ; at the posterior end of the body the
keels and median area are yellower than on the anterior segments ; head, antenne, and last tergal plate
infuscate; legs and sterna and infero-lateral area pale.

Body long and narrow, about nine times as long as wide (28:3). First tergite widely emarginate, with
numerous granules. Both rows of tubercles on segments extending almost to extremity of keels and
accompanied by others. Last tergal plate wide, its posterior extremity truncated and scarcely or only a
little surpassed by the keels of the preceding segment. Sterna of mid-region nearly as wide as two
basal segments. Number of segments 53-60.

Total length 28, width 3 millim.

Hab. GUATEMALA, t Guatemala city (StoJ/).

8. Platydesmus hirudo, sp. n. (Tab. IV. figg. 2, 2a-e; Tab. V. fig. 1.)

@. Colour black, with a narrow yellow dorsal line and yellow keels; head infuscate, last tergal plate blackish ;
ventral surface and legs yellowish brown.

Body moderately broad, about or almost five times’ as long as wide (22:4°5). Head hairy, punctured, with
two distinct ocelli; antenne moderately long, incrassate, the segments narrowed or constricted at the
‘base. Hirst tergite with its anterior border scarcely produced, widely emarginate, and only lightly convex
on each side of the middle line, leaving the summit of the head entirely uncovered; with two rows of
tubercles, its median area not quite twice as long as the elevated median area of the second. Of the two
rows of tubercles on the rest of the segments, the anterior consists of from about twelve to fourteen and
extends along the median line of the keels; the posterior is much shorter, consisting of only five or six
and scarcely reaching the keel. -Sterne of the mid-region of the body rather shorter transversely than
the length of the coxa and trochanter of the adjacent appendage. Last tergal plate oval, narrow behind,
narrower than the keels of the preceding tergite, which project beyond it posteriorly ; furnished with six
setiferous papille, the outer on each side remote from the rest.

Total length of large specimen, 9 , 27, width 5°5 millim.; ¢, 20, width 4 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

4. Platydesmus lineatus, sp. n. (Tab. IV. figg. 5, 5 a-g.)

Colour as in the preceding species, but with median dorsal stripe not so distinct, not evenly thick, with sinuous
edge, expanding here and there in a way suggestive of what is seen in P. triangulifer.

Body relatively narrow and long, about six or seven times as long as wide (20:3). Head completely
uncovered by the first tergite, which is widely emarginate but has its angles more rounded than in
P.hirudo. Segments with two rows of tubercles, the anterior row extending to lateral margin of keel, the
posterior consisting of about six on each side not passing on to keel. Sterna in mid-region of body a
little narrower than length of two basal segments of legs (excl. trochanter), about as wide or a little
wider than twice the length of the basal segment. Last tergal plate narrower than keels of preceding
segment, which overlap it posteriorly. Number of segments 44-49.

Total length 20, width 3 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Volcan de Orizaba (Mus. Brit.).

5. Platydesmus mesomelas, sp. n. (Tab. V. fig. 2.)
Colour as in P. hirudo, but without any yellow median dorsal stripe.
Body broad, about four times as long as wide (20:5). Head and antenne as in P. hirudo, but the first tergal
plate differently shaped, being much larger owing to the expansion of its anterior border over the head so

PLATYDESMUS. 47

as to conceal it partially from above; this border is somewhat deeply notched in the middle line and on
each side of the notch it diverges obliquely outwards and forwards, being slightly convex. The granules
of the posterior row on the terga extend farther on to the keels, being more numerous than in P. hirudo
and about a dozen in number. Sterna of the mid-region of the body wider than in P. hirudo, their
transverse length being about equal to the length of the coxa and trochanter of the leg.

Total length, ¢, 20, width 5 millim.; 9, 23, width 5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (/. H. Smith).

6. Platydesmus marmoreuws, sp.n. (Tab. V. fig. 3.)

Colour : head fuscous above, paler below; tergal plates dark yellowish brown, turning to paler yellow on the
keels ; in the dorsal middle line a pale stripe which expands in its course into four triangular patches,
and on each side immediately behind the posterior angle of each patch there is a pair of conspicuous
yellow spots lying towards the base of two of the keels; last tergal plate yellow; antenne, legs, and
sterna yellow.

Body rather wide, about four times as long as broad (14:34). Head with distinct eyes. First tergal plate
covering the head, its anterior border developed into a right and left lamina with convex inner angles
and separated by a short acutely triangular notch ; the anterior row of tubercles on this tergite lying
nearly midway between its posterior and anterior borders. On the remaining segments the anterior row
of tubercles extending along the middle of the keels, the posterior row stopping short at their base. Last
tergal plate narrowly piriform, sublanceolate, much narrower than the keels of the preceding segment,
which overlap it largely posteriorly and nearly meet in the middle line behind its apex. Sterna of the
mid-region of the body wide, their width about equal to the length of the two basal segments of the legs.
Number of segments 43.

Total length 14, width 33 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, Cholhuitz (Stol/).

This species has considerably larger lamine on the first tergal plate than P. meso-
melas, and further differs in colour. In the latter respect P. marmoreus approaches

P. triangulifer.

7. Platydesmus perpictus, sp. n. (Tab. IV. figg. 1, 1 a-/.)

Colour marbled ; middle of dorsal area a rich dark brown extending to the base of the keels, but interrupted
at tolerably regular intervals on each side of the middle line by conspicuous yellow patches, about nine
in number, composed of spots of that colour upon two or three consecutive segments; keels mostly
yellow, but those opposite the intervals between the yellow patches suffused with brown extending from
the median portion of the segments, but often separated therefrom by indistinct paler spots; last tergal
plate infuscate ; head infuscate above; antenne, legs, and ventral surface pale.

Body wide, about four times as long as broad. Head with eyes ; completely covered. rst tergal plate with
its anterior border produced into a pair of large lamin, separated from each other in the middle line by
a narrow longitudinal space. The two rows of tubercles on the segments extending nearly to the
extremities of the keels. Last tergal plate narrowly oval, far surpassed posteriorly by the keels of the
preceding segment. Sterna of the mid-region of the body very broad, wider than the two basal segments
of adjacent legs, and about four times as broad as the length of the coxa. Number of segments in adult
47-65, more or less. .

Total length of type 25, width 6°8 millim. ; of a large specimen 30, with a width of 7-5 millim,

Hab. Guatema.a, Senahu (Champion), Cholhuitz (Stol0).

There is also in the British Museum a specimen of apparently the same species
from Belize, British Honduras. .

48 DIPLOPODA.

The following species are unknown to me:—

8. Platydesmus moreleti.
Piestodesmus moreletii, Lucas, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1849, p. 599, t. 17. figs. 1-1 d*.

Colour: head fuscous, antenne testaceous; first tergal plate fuscous, the remainder fuscous with reddish
keels ; legs testaceous.

Head with prominent eyes. Antenne short and thick. Jirst tergal plate large, its anterior border produced
into a right and left shelf-like plate, forming a straight, transverse, anterior border and separated from
each other by a narrow longitudinal triangular notch. Body broad, less than three times as long as wide
(14:5), the two rows of tubercles on the terga subequal in extent, both passing nearly to the distal
extremities of the keels. Posterior tergal plate narrow and piriform, pointed posteriorly. Sterna of mid-
region of body wide, exceeding in width the length of the two proximal segments of the legs. Number
of segments 41.

Total length 13°5-14, width 4:5-5 millim.,

Hab. Mexico, Tabasco (under stones) (Morelet 1).

9. Platydesmus polydesmoides.
Platydesmus polydesmoides, Lucas, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1843, p. 52, t. 3. 1. figg. 1-8 *.

Colour : head fuscous above, pale below; antenne pale ; body yellowish, spotted with reddish-brown upon the
sides, clear yellow in the median area.

Body rather narrow, about five times as long as wide. yes present. First tergal plate widely emarginate in
front, leaving the head entirely uncovered. Posterior row of tubercles on terga only extending to base
of keels. Last tergal plate narrowly piriform, surpassed posteriorly by the keels of the preceding segment.

Number of segments 44,
Length 21, width 4 millim.

Hab. GUATEMALA}.

P. polydesmoides is nearest to P. triangulifer and P. lineatus, but, so far as
coloration is concerned, apparently differs from both. Neither description nor figure
is sufficiently detailed to admit of its inclusion in the key to the species (anted, p. 44).

Humbert and de Saussure also record it from Cordova, Mexico, but whether
rightly or wrongly it is impossible to decide.

10. Platydesmus mexicanus.

Platydesmus mexicanus, Humb. et Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1869, p. 156°; Miss. Sci. Mex.,
Myr. p. 103, t. 2. figg. 5, 5 d-e’.

Colour deep brown, keels not pale, except in young; median dorsal line pale and expanding at intervals into
seven yellowish triangular patches, as in P. triangulifer and P. marmoreus, the keel on each side opposite
the posterior angle of the patches also yellow; antenne yellow.

Head with eyes. Body very broad, only a little more than four times as long as wide. First tergal plate
emarginate in front, without any lamine, leaving the head entirely uncovered and the anterior edge of
the median or cylindrical part of the segment visible. Posterior row of tubercles on segments not
extending on to keels. Last tergite narrowly piriform, overlapped posteriorly by the keels of preceding
segment. Number of segments in adult varying from 41-60.

Total length of adult 26, width 6 millim.

Hab. Muxico, Kastern Cordillera ', Sierra de Agua °.

PLATYDESMUS. 49

So far at least as pattern is concerned, this species resembles P. triangulifer, except
in the colouring of the keels. In P. triangulifer these are pale, with those on each
side of the body opposite the widest portion of the pale median triangular patches
dark, exactly the converse obtaining in P. mexicanus. ‘The latter, moreover, is a much
broader-bodied form, resembling P. perpictus in this particular.

11. Platydesmus guatemalensis.
Platydesmus guatemalensis, Brélemann, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1900, p. 112, t. 7. figg. 78-82".

Colour: variegated reddish-brown and yellow ; a median dorsal band formed of alternating yellow and brown
rectangular patches, each patch extending over two adjacent segments ; an exactly corresponding series
of spots upon the keels, the intervening area of the segments deep brown; ventral surface pale.

Head without eyes. Body broad, almost four times as long as wide. Segments of substantially the same
form as in P. mexicanus, furnished with two rows of tubercles, which become gradually effaced upon the
keels. Sterna broad in the middle of the body and separating the legs widely. Number of segments 47.

Total length 15, width 4 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Rodriguez ').

This species differs from all the Central-American forms known to me in the absence
of eyes and also in colour. In the latter particular, as well as in proportions, it stands
nearest to P. perpictus; but Brélemann’s statement that the segments of P. guate-
malensis resemble those of P. mexicanus enforces the conclusion that the first tergite
is widely excavated in front and not laminate as in P. perpictus. Reference may be
made to Brolemann’s paper for admirable figures of generic characters of Platydesmus.

Another genus of this family, namely Andrognathus [Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc.
1869, p. 182; Bollman, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 46, p. 187 (1893)], hitherto known
from North America, will probably be found to extend at least as far south as Mexico,
since the one species yet discovered occurs both in Virginia and Tennessee. This
genus, unknown to me, is referred by Bollman and, following him, by Silvestri to the
Platydesmide. It may be at once distinguished from Platydesmus by the suppression
of the terminal process on the stipites and lingual lobes of the gnathochilarium, the
absence of tubercles on the dorsal area, the large size of the keels of the fifth segment,
and the pedunculated pores.

Fam. SIPHONOPHORIDE.

Head piriform, with a narrow pointed labrum. Mandibles obsolete; gnathochilarium with its sclerites
indistinguishably fused, narrow and pointed distally, and forming with the labrum a pointed rostrum.
Eyes absent. Antenne lateral. Somites with thick chitinized pleure. Sternal areas compressed ; basal
segments of legs almost in contact in the middle line. Penes perforating coxe of second legs,

Iistribution. Neotropical and Oriental Regions.

Of the two genera that have been referred to this family, one only, Siphonophora,
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., November 1903. H

50 DIPLOPODA.

has been hitherto discovered in Central America; the other, Siphonocybe, nov., is,
however, represented in the Neotropical Region, as is testified by the presence of the
typical species, 8. hartii, Poc., in Trinidad [Ann, & Mag. Nat. (6) xv. p. 375 (1895)].
Hence it may be inferred that the genus also occurs at least in the southern parts of
Central America and merely awaits discovery. It may be distinguished from Siphono-
phora by the presence of a tubercular prominence or keel, bearing the pore, on each
side of the somites.

SIPHONOPHORA.
Siphonophora, Brandt, Bull. Acad. St. Pétersb. i. p. 179 (1836) ; and subsequent authors.

Characters as above.
Distribution. Neotropical and Oriental Regions.

Synopsis of the Central-American Species known to me.

a. Rostrum short, much shorter than the head, which is wide and rounded ;
anterior border of first tergal plate lightly emarginate . . . . . . . globiceps, sp. n.
b. Rostrum long, subequal in length to the head, which is narrowly piriform ;
* anterior border of first tergite deeply emarginate.

a‘, Antenne distinctly incrassate, a little surpassing the rostrum . . . . brevicornis, sp. n. :

b. Antenne long, considerably surpassing the rostrum, and _ scarcely
Incrassate. 2 6 1 ew eee ee eee ww ww ew ee COrnULA, SP. TL

1. Siphonophora cornuta, sp. n. (Tab. V. figg. 4, 44.)

©. Colour a uniform yellowish-brown. |

Head narrowly piriform. Rostrum long, about equalling the head in length. Antenne long, when extended
overlapping the extremity of the rostrum almost by the length of the two terminal segments; the
segments relatively long, the fifth as long as wide, the basal segments nearly as thick as the distal: hence
the antenne are but slightly incrassate. First tergal plate with its anterior border deeply emarginate.
Number of segments 91-100.

Length of large specimen 40, width 1°5 millim.

Hab. GuatEMata, Volcan de Acatenango, 1200 feet above the forest, Volcan de Agua
(Stoll).

2. Siphonophora brevicornis, sp. n. (Tab. V. figg. 5, 5 a.)
Colour as in S. cornuta.
Head, rostrum, and first tergal plate also as in that species; but the antenne much shorter, only a little
surpassing the rostrum, and very decidedly incrassate.
Number of segments in 9 up to 74. Length of large 9 21, width 1 millim.
Number of segments in ¢ 55. Length 13 millim.

Hab. Guatema.a, Volcan de Agua (Stol/).

A specimen from Omilteme in Guerrero (#H. H. Smith) is doubtfully referred to this
species. It has 59 segments, and measures 12 millim. in length.

sh Ra a

SIPHONOPHORA. 51

Amongst the examples from the Volcan de Agua there are numerous smaller
individuals which, provisionally at all events, I regard as immature females. They
measure up to 15 millim. in length, and have as many as 58 segments; and differ
from the type in having the rostrum narrower at the base and the head more
constricted in front of the antenne.

3. Siphonophora globiceps, sp. n. (Tab. V. figg. 6, 6 a.)

2. Colour pale yellowish-white.

Differing from the two preceding and the following species in the subspherical head, which is much more
abruptly constricted in front of the antennal sockets, and in the shortness of the rostrum, which is much
shorter than the head and narrower at the base than is S. cornuta, S. brevicornis, and S. meaicana.
Antenne short and strongly incrassate distally. Number of segments 71.

Length 21, width barely 1 millim.

Hab. GuatTeMELA, Purula (Stoll).

The following species I have not seen :—

4. Siphonophora mexicana.
Siphonophora mexicana, Humb. et Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1869, p. 155"; Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr.
pp- 105, 106, t. 2. figg. 7, 7a-m”.

In the length of the rostrum, the length and shape of the antenne, and the emargination of the first tergite,
this species seems to resemble S. brevicornis. But the typical example, which is a male, differs essentially
from the male of S. brevicornis in its much larger size, measuring 29 millim, in length, and in possessing
102 segments.

Hab. Mexico, Eastern Cordillera! ?, Sierra de Agua near Orizaba ?.

Group II. CHORDEUMOIDEA.

Number of segments varying from 26 to 32, constant in the genera. Mouth-parts of the normal Chilognathous
type: stipites widely separated posteriorly ; lingual plates large; promentum triangular, not always
separated from mentum. Head not tucked under the first tergal plate, which is hollowed behind for its
reception. Tergal plates furnished with three pairs of stout or slender sete issuing from tubercles.
No scent-glands. No pleure. Sterna free. First, second, and fourth segments with one pair of
legs ; third apodous; fifth and sixth with two pairs, there being seven pairs of legs in front of those of the
seventh segment. No true phallopods ; first pair of legs of seventh segment greatly modified in male ;
posterior pair also modified and more or fewer of the preceding or succeeding appendages as well.
Penes perforating cox of second legs.

Fam. CRASPEDOSOMIDA.

Segments 30. Eyes (when present) forming a compact triangular cluster.

Distribution. Holarctic, Mediterranean, and Sonoran Regions.

H 2

52 DIPLOPODA.

CLEIDOGONA.

Cryptotrichus, Packard, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. xxi. p. 189 (1883) (nomen przocc.) (type C. cesio-

annulatus, Wood).
Cleidogona, Cook and Collins, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. ix. p. 41 (1895).

Eyes well developed, forming a triangular patch on each side of the head. Antenne very long; third segment
longest. Mandible with 12 pectinate lamella. Gnathochilarium with triangular promentum; segments
without keels ; setiferous tubercles relatively small. Eighth legs of male consisting of two pairs of processes,
the posterior articulated to the base of the anterior. Ninth legs of male 5-jointed, the two basal
segments large, the three distal segments small, armed with a claw and forming a hook. Tenth and
eleventh legs of male with coxal pouches ; coxa of eleventh with conical processes. Segments 30.

Distribution. Eastern United States ; Central America.

1. Cleidogona godmani, sp.n. (Tab. V. figg. 7, 7 a-e.)

Colour: segments brown, mottled with pale spots, which are sometimes restricted to the area round the
setiferous tubercles ; median dorsal line also pale; posterior border of segments and also the overlapped
anterior border pale bluish-grey ; head and antenne infuscate; legs pale, distally infuscate.

Head hairy ; eyes composed of about 26 ocelli. Segments smooth and shining, but very finely coriaceous, with
an obliquely longitudinal crest above the infero-lateral angle ; lateral setiferous tubercles larger than the
rest, except at the posterior end of the body, where the three are subequal. Sterna with vertical anterior
crest terminating in a downwardly directed spike. Anal tergite with lightly emarginate posterior border
bearing a pair of long setiferous papille ; two tubercles near the middle of its dorsal surface; anal valves
with three marginal sete in their upper half. Anal sternite semicircular, with two long sete.

Leg of ninth pair in male with the basal segment long and divided into two subequal sclerites by a distinct
joint, which appears to be absent in the other known species of the genus; its inferior edge lightly
convex, with a basal triangular enlargement; its dorsal edge correspondingly concave, with an anguli-
form process near the proximal end; second segment fusiform, its upper edge lightly, its inferior edge
more strongly convex, especially in its distal half; terminal finger-like process consisting of three
segments, whereof the distal is much the longest. Leg of eighth pair stout basally, with two strong,
posteriorly directed, subconical prominences; the terminal portion slender, of nearly even width
throughout, recurved at an obtuse angle of about 100°, and abruptly narrowed and subhamate at the
apex ; its posterior aspect furnished with a distinct hyaline membranous fringe with frayed edges.

Length about 20 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 8000 feet (/. H. Smith).

2. Cleidogona stolli, sp.n. (Tab. V. figg. 8, 8 a-c.)

Very nearly allied to the foregoing species, which it resembles in colour, but smaller, and differing essentially
in the secondary sexual characters of the male. Leg of ninth pair in male with basal segment much
shorter than in C. godmani and undivided, with a larger, more quadrate, inferior basal prominence, a
more strongly convex inferior edge, and a somewhat sharp constriction near its middle. Eighth leg with
its basal half relatively much thinner than in C. godmani, and without the large prominences, its terminal
portion more nearly the same width as the basal, narrowed and pointed apically when seen from below -
and recurved at a right angle, the hyaline membrane bordering its posterior side not fimbriated.

Length about 15 millim.

Hab. GuateMaLa, Volcan de Agua (Sto/¢).

CLEIDOGONA. 53

The following species is unknown to me:— -

3. Cleidogona mexicana.
Craspedosoma mexicanum, Humb. et Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1869, p. 153; Miss. Sci. Mex.,
Myr. p. 59, t. 1. figg. 15, 15 a-1 (1872) °.
Cleidogona mexicanus, Cook and Collins, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. ix. p. 52, t. 6. figg. 105-109
(after Humb. & Sauss.) *.

Hab. Mexico, Eastern Cordillera !.

C. mexicana was apparently based upon a single female specimen. It may prove to
be the same as the form described above as C. godmani; but the difference in the
locality, apart from other considerations, forbids the identification of the two, though
there is nothing in the description of C. mexicana to prove their distinctness.

Group III. IULOIDEA.

Mandibles well developed. Gnathochilarium with the stipites enormously developed, expanded proximally and
forming a long junctional suture in the middle line behind the oval or triangular promentum which
separates the lingual lobes. Number of segments large and variable. Terga from the fifth or sixth with
a pair of scent-pores. Pleure suppressed. Sterna united in pairs and usually fused to the adjacent
terga. Third segment apodous. Phallopods in male formed of the posterior pair of appendages of the
seventh segment; the anterior pair of this segment, and also sometimes the posterior pair of the sixth,
modified as accessory sexual or copulatory organs. Legs of the first pair also modified. Seminal ducts
terminating in a distinct penis behind the bases of the legs of the second pair,

Species belonging to two families of this group have been recorded from Central
America, namely, the Iulide and Paraiulide. ‘The former differ from the latter in
having only four rows of mandibular pectinations; the legs of the first pair not
enlarged, but with their terminal segments suppressed, those of the second leg normal
in form; and the gnathochilarium unmodified in the male. In the female there are no
distinct genital sclerites, and the appendages of the second pair are unmodified. It is
probable, however, that the species referred to Judus belong in reality to Paraiulus.

Fam, PARAIULIDA.

Mandibles with 9-10 rows of pectinations. Sternum of third legs attached to tergum of fourth segment.
First and second segments with one pair of legs, third apodous, fifth and sixth with two pairs.

3. Legs of first pair very large, forming a couple of powerful six-jointed clawless claspers ; those of second
pair reduced in size and number of segments, palpiform (? sometimes suppressed), and attached to a large
sterno-coxal plate, of which the posterior vertical side is hollowed for the reception and protection of the
penis. Sternum and legs of the seventh pair unmodified. Gnathochilarium with promentum large,
widely separating the lingual lobes, which are crescentically curved round it on each side.

Q. Legs of first pair but little modified in size and shape; those of second pair sometimes suppressed, some-
times retained as a pair of juxtaposed, clawless, reduced limbs. Generative orifices protected by a pair of
large chitinous sclerites.

Distribution. North and Central America.

54 DIPLOPODA.

Only one genus of this family has been recorded hitherto from Central America.
But amongst the representatives from this country that I have had an opportunity of
examining there may prove to be material for two genera based upon secondary sexual
characters of the female; and, so far as the North-American forms are concerned, the
species known to me from descriptions and actual specimens suggest the possibility of
establishing one or more genera distinct from Paraiulus. But the material at my
disposal is not sufficiently extensive to permit satisfactory diagnoses, especially as
two of the species (namely P. pennsylvanicus, Brandt, and P. obtectus, Bollman) have
been made the types of two as yet uncharacterized genera, the former being named
Piyoiulus by Cook |[Ann. N. York Acad. Sci. ix. p. 6 (1895)], and the latter (which
has been twice, in two separate papers, described as a new genus) Pseudoiulus by
Bollman [Ann. N. York Acad. Sci. iv. p. 32 (1887)]. Pseudotulus was afterwards by
its author discovered and stated to be based upon an immature stage. Nevertheless
the name will have to be adopted if, in the future, it be found that the adult of
P. obtectus, for which the Bloomington specimens may be regarded as representing the
types, be generically distinct from Paraiulus olmecus.

PARAIULUS.

Parajulus, Humb. et Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1869, p. 155; Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 93 (1872)
(type P. olmecus).

Paraiulus, Latzel, Myr. Oest.-Ung. Mon. i. p. 55 (1884).

Parajulus, Bollman, Ann. N. York Acad. Sci. iv. p. 82 (1887).

? Pseudojulus, Bollman, loc. cit. (type P. obtectus, Bollm.).

? Ptyotulus, Cook, Ann. N. York Acad. Sci. ix. p. 6 (1895) (type P. pennsylvanicus, Brandt).

The four Central-American species of which the genitalia are known have the

following features in common :—
3g. Sterno-coxal sclerite of second legs furnished with a pair of juxtaposed forwardly directed processes ; the
rest of the appendage retained as a four-jointed limb widely separated from its fellow of the opposite side ;

posterior pair of appendages of seventh segment (phallopods) triramous.
Q@. Appendages of second pair retained. Genital orifices strengthened with a pair of large sclerites.

Synopsis of the Species, based upon characters mostly observable without dissection.
Males.

a. Inner (admedian) rami of anterior pair of appendages of seventh segment
slender, attenuate, and apically pointed . . . . . ~ . . « . . stylifer, sp. n.
b. Inner (admedian) rami of anterior pair of appendages of seventh segment
stout in the basal half, slender in the distal, with the inner edge straight,
the outer concavo-convex, and the apex blunt.
a’. Legs of first pair only moderately inflated in the middle of their length . olmecus, H. & S.
6’. Legs of first pair strongly inflated in the middle of their length.
a’. Apex of admedian branch of anterior pair of seventh segment with a

PARAIULUS. 55D

notch and spiniform process at the distal end on the inner side;

posterior branch of posterior pair forming a broad lamella curved

forwards apically; sterno-coxal plate of appendages of second pair .

shallowly emarginate behind . . . . . «©. 1. 1. we ss «@mulensis, sp. n.
6°. Apex of admedian branch of anterior pair of seventh segment without

notch and spine; posterior branch of posterior pair slender, styliform ;

sterno-coxal plate of appendages of second pair deeply emarginate

behind. 2. 2. ew eee we ee ee ee ew ww. aztecus, SP. 1.

Females.

a. Genital sclerites unjointed, inferiorly acuminate, not protected in front by a
vertical unpaired plate, but succeeded by a T-shaped plate. . . . . amulensis.
6. Genital sclerites bisegmented, protected in front by a vertical unpaired plate
expanding at its inferior extremity ; no separate T-shaped sclerite behind.
a’. Distal segment of genital sclerites slender and ine below the
extremity of the anterior plate . . . . oe . 2 « « olmecus.
. Distal segment of genital sclerites short, thick, obtuse, not projecting below
the extremity of the anterior plate.
a’. Pores less than their diameter from the sulcus; caudal process long

and distally narrowed ; third tergal plate inferiorly produced . . . aztecus.
6°. Pores at least twice their diameter from the sulcus; caudal process
triangular; third tergal plate not inferiorly produced. . . . . . stylifer.

1. Paraiulus amulensis, sp.n. (Tab. V. figg. 9, 9 a-d.)

Q. Colour: segments yellow above, with median dark central line; lateral surface fuscous above, yellow
below ; head and anterior segments blackish; anal segments yellow; legs yellow.

Head smooth ; eyes forming a large triangular patch. Antenne with segments from the second to the sixth
decreasing progressively in length. irst tergite with a single ridge above its lateral angle. Segments
smooth and shining to the naked eye, but in reality finely striolate, the striole running longitudinally ;
anterior half of segments transversely grooved in front; posterior half longitudinally and obliquely grooved
nearly up to the pore, which is well behind the transverse sulcus; the latter deep. Sterna smooth. Anal
sternite broadly triangular ; anal tergite furnished with a long and very acute caudal process. Second
segment with its lower portion on each side produced inferiorly and inwardly in front of the generative
apparatus. The latter consisting of a pair of large vertical plates, lightly convex in front, rounded above,
with fairly straight outer margin, and acuminate below ; the proximal half of the inner border of each in
contact with that of its fellow of the opposite side, its distal half obliquely diverging so that an angular
space is left between the two sclerites, the distal portion of the outer margin directed obliquely inwards,
and where it meets the obliquely outwardly directed inner edge arises a short acuminate process projecting
outwards and downwards. Behind these sclerites lies a transverse plate about six times as wide as long,
with an anterior median angular notch and slightly recurved external angles, (Text-figg. 3, 3a, p. 56.)

3. Like the female in colour, sculpturing of tergites, &c.

First tergite very wide laterally, without ridge above marginal groove. Second segment of mandible with two
subequal prominences. Genital organs: legs of first pair massive, especially the penultimate and ante-
penultimate segments, the former nearly as thick aslong; the latter broad at the base, narrowing distally ;
distal segment small and shortly pedunculated. Legs of second pair with the median processes expanded
at the distal end externally, the groove for the penis on the basal plate widely and shallowly concave, the
palp longer than the median processes. Anterior pair of copulatory feet of seventh segment with their
inner branches proximally clavate, the inner edge fairly straight, the outer strongly convex proximally,

56

DIPLOPODA.

concave distally, the apex slightly expanded and notched on the inner side; posterior pair of copulatory
feet furnished with three branches—an outer, long and flagelliform ; an inner, divided into two processes
(an external short, an internal long, lightly geniculated and bent abruptly outwards at the apex); and
a posterior, which is elongate, nearly parallel-sided, and curves downwards and forwards beneath the
extremities of the other two. Number of segments about 50-51.

Length up to about 35 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Fig

2.

Explanation of Figures.

. 1. Dwarfed appendages of second segment and genital sclerites of Paratulus aztecus, 9: a, anterior plate ;
v, proximal segment of sclerite of vulva. 1a, Inferior aspect of genital sclerites of same: a’, vertical
and, a”, horizontal portion of anterior sclerite ; v, distal segment of sclerite of vulva.

g. 2. Dwarfed appendages of second segment and genital sclerites of Paraiulus stylifer, 2: lettering as in

fig. 1. 2a. Inferior horizontal portion of anterior plate of the same.
. 3. Dwarfed appendages and genital sclerites of Paraiulus amulensis, 2: v, sclerite of vulva. 3a. Inferior
aspect of genital sclerites of same: v, extremity of sclerite of vulva; , horizontal portion of

posterior plate.

2. Paraiulus aztecus, sp.n. (Tab. V. figg. 10, 10a, 8.)
Colour like that of P. amulensis.

Structure of segments &c. practically the same as in P. amulensis, but the pore close to, considerably less than

its diameter away from, the transverse sulcus, which is slightly sinuous at the spot.

In sexual characters this species differs greatly from P. amulensis. The ventrally produced area of the second

3.

tergite is not so thick, its posterior border being more obliquely cut away ; the ventral border of the third
produced to almost the same extent, and embracing the genital apparatus behind; a distinct triangular
space, revealing the genital apparatus, between the produced area of the two segments. Genital apparatus
very distinct; it consists in front of a broad vertical plate narrowed inferiorly and longitudinally excavated ;
where it reaches the lower surface of the body it expands right and left and posteriorly into a transverse
plate lying backwards in a horizontal plane, with emarginate posterior border, suboval lateral borders,
and a deep median impression. This plate forms a complete partition between the two vulva-sclerites,
besides protecting them below and in front; the vulva-sclerites are thick, massive, and formed of two |
segments, of which the inferior is the stouter and rounder of the two.

Genital organs : legs of first pair thick, like those of P. amulenss; of the second pair also very much as in
that species, but the groove for the seminal ducts on the sternal plate much more deeply emarginate, and
the lateral expansion longer and narrower. Inner branches of anterior pair of gonopods of seventh
segment much less expanded proximally, with the distal extremity narrow and not notched internally.

PARAIULUS. of

In the posterior pair of gonopods the posterior branch is short and styliform, the anterior ends distally

in two vertically directed prongs, of which the outer is longer and subfiliform apically, Number of
segments 48.

Length 31 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Omilteme iu Guerrero 8000 feet (H. H. Smith).

3. Paraiulus stylifer, sp.n. (Tab. V. figg. 11, 11 a.)

2. Colour as in the preceding species, but the yellow more dominant.

Pores in mid-region of body more than twice their diameter from the sulcus. Caudal process shorter,
triangular, but surpassing the valves,

Sexual characters much resembling those of P. aztecus, but with the inferior angle of the third tergal plate
not produced inferiorly. Genital sclerites protected from before by a large vertical suboblong plate, not
narrowed inferiorly, and with a vertical groove-like impression on each side of the middle line ; inferiorly
this plate expands to the right and left, and is carried backwards in a horizontal plane beneath the
bisegmented genital sclerites, the horizontal plate forming a pair of oval expansions separated in the
middle line behind by a deep and wide notch.

3. Sexual characters. Legs of first and second pairs much as in P. amulensis. Inner branches of copulatory
feet of seventh segment slender and pointed ; the outer branch of the second pair shorter and more strongly
curved than in the other species; the anterior branch broad, ending in two processes, of which the inner
forms a long and strong inwardly directed spike; the posterior branch long and apically curved forwards,
much like that of P. amulensis, Number of segments 46.

Length 25 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Stoll).

The following species are unknown to me :—

4. Paraiulus olmecus.
Parajulus olmecus, Humb. et Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1869, p. 155°; iid. Miss. Sci. Mex.,
Myy. p. 95, t. 5. figg. 1, la-g (g 2) (1872) °.

@. Colour as in preceding species. Pores a little behind the sulcus. Genital plates formed upon the same
plan as in P, aztecus and P. stylifer; the median unpaired plate described as quadrate with four deep
emarginations, one dorsal, one ventral, and one on each side, suggesting the form of the letter X ;
the vulval sclerites themselves are widely separated and bisegmented, the distal segment being short,
relatively slender, and projecting conspicuously below the level of the median sclerite, so as to recall
somewhat in form the terminations of these plates seen in P. amulensis.

3. For details of the posterior appendages of the seventh segment, reference must be made to the original
figures, which clearly show the difference between these limbs and those of the three forms described
above. Of the anterior pair the inner branch is proximally thicker even than in P. amulensis, while the
distal half terminates as in P. aztecus, but curves more outwards ; the legs of the first pair appear to be
considerably thinner than in either of the three species described above. Number of segments 46-48,

Length 27 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Moyoapan in the Eastern Cordillera? 2.

5. Paraiulus tarascus.
Julus tarascus, Sauss. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 378, t. 7. fig. 52 (1860) *.
Parajulus tarascus, Humb. et Sauss. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 98 (1872) *.

Hab. Mexico, district of Angangueo, Michoacan.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., November 1907. 1

58 DIPLOPODA.

This species was based upon a single female specimen. Subsequent examination
proved it to possess the characters of the genus Paraiulus, and provoked the remark
that it might be referred to the same species as P. olmecus. ‘The uncertainty in this
verdict leaves both specific names in an unsettled state, and it is a matter for regret
that with the type-specimens available for comparison, no definite conclusion was
arrived at. If the two forms are the same, the name farascus, having nine years’
priority, must supersede ol/mecus.

6. Paraiulus filicornis.
Julus filicornis, Sauss. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 377, t. 5. figg. 388, 38 a—-d (1860) ,
? Julus filicornis, Humb. et Sauss. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 92 (1872) °.

Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz! 2, Cuernavaca ?.

It must be regarded as doubtful whether the specimens from Cuernavaca are
specifically the same as the type from Vera Cruz.

From the description it appears that this species, whether one or more is of no
great moment, was based upon an immature (Pseudoiulus) stage of Paraiulus.

In the case of the Cuernavaca examples the size, form, and coloration are said to be
the same as in P. olmecus, and the statement that the first legs of the male are shorter
and thicker than the others excludes the species from Judus and places it in the same
category as the immature form of Paraiulus. Moreover, since in other particulars the
immature male of the latter genus does not appreciably differ from Julus, and since
the immature female resembles Judus in all respects, no further justification need be
- sought for the assumption stated above.

The only structural character mentioned which sharply differentiates the Cuernavaca
specimens from the types of P. olmecus, P. amulensis, P. aztecus, and P. stylifer is the
position of the pores in front of the sulcus.

The description of the type from Vera Cruz enumerates no features opposed to the
view that the specimen was an immature Paraiulus.

Number of segments in Vera Cruz specimens 47, length 28 millim.; number of
segments in Cuernavaca specimens 43-44, length 20-23 millim.

7. Paraiulus rasilis.
Julus rasilis, Karsch, Zeitschr, ges. Naturwiss. (3) vi. p. 17 (1881) ’.

Hab. Mexico, Puebla !.

It is not possible by the description to differentiate this species from any of the
foregoing. The statements that the segments are longitudinally sulcate up to the
pores, which are situated behind the complete transverse sulcus, and that the caudal
process is straight, subacute, and surpasses the anal valves, coupled with what is said
‘yegarding the appendages of the anterior somites, forcibly suggest that the types were
immature males and female of some species of Paraiulus. Number of segments 48.
Length 27 millim.

RHINOCRICUS. 59

Group IV. SPIROBOLOIDEA.

Resembling the Iuloidea in general form and structure, but chiefly distinguishable by the following features :—
The stipites of the gnathochilarium are widely separated proximally by a large undivided triangular
plate, the mentum. None of the anterior segments are apodous; segments 1-5 bearing each a single
pair of legs, the 6th with two pairs. No penis is present in the male. The copulatory apparatus is
completely retractile.

Fam. SPIROBOLIDA.

Since the known genera of Spiroboloidea are referred to a single family, the
characters of the latter are those of the higher group.

RHINOCRICUS.

Spirobolus (Rhinocricus), Karsch, Zeitschr. ges. Naturwiss. (3) vi. p. 68 (1881).
Rhinocricus, Pocock, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv. p. 485 (1893) ; Myriopoda in Max. Weber’s

Zool. Ergebniss, &c. pp. 889 & 391 (1894).

Type, Spirobolus (Rhinocricus) parcus, Karsch.

In 1892 I selected as the type of the genus Lhinocricus the species named parcus,
which is unknown to me. Since R. parcus was based upon specimens from the island
of Porto Rico, it is probable that the species resembles in al! essential characters those
that are referred to Rhinocricus in the following pages, especially those included under
the headings subordinate to 6! in the analytical key. It is not known whether the
apical segment of the antenna in &. parcus has many or only a few sensory papille.
This important feature should, if possible, be ascertained before a generic or subgeneric
value be assigned, as it probably will be assigned, to the character in question.

The Central-American species of Rhinocricus known to me have the following
features in common :—

Setiferous pores on labrum 242. Eyes widely separated, each consisting of a subcircular cluster of ocelli.
Lateral portion of first tergal plate widely rounded and not extending inferiorly so low as the inferior
portion of the second. More or fewer of the segments bearing rear their anterior border, which is
concealed by the preceding segment, a pair of depressions of unknown function, known as scobine. Each
scobina consists of a short usually transversely crescentic groove, behind which there is an area of varying
extent covered with very fine transverse striae. The phallopod of the copulatory apparatus consists of
two segments, the distal of which terminates in two processes, the smaller and slenderer of which is the
seminal style, while the stouter, which is laminate at least apically, is the guard. The median unpaired

sternal or anterior plate of the coleopods is large and subtriangular, with its apex projecting inferiorly
as low as the inferior end of the anterior or proximal of the two lateral paired lamine.

Synopsis of the Species examined.

a. The normal sulcus defining the posterior portion of the terga obsolete

dorsally, and replaced by a secondary sulcus which lies in front of the

pore; distal segment of phallopod very short and stout, the seminal style

slender, and the guard not shorter than the rest of the segment. . . . omiltema, sp. n.
a‘. The normal sulcus defining the posterior portion of the terga strong or weak

12

60 DIPLOPODA.

dorsally, but never replaced by a secondary sulcus lying in front of the
pore; phallopod, where known, with its distal segment long and slender,
the guard of the seminal style much shorter than the segment.

b. Scobina unspecialized, the extremities of the groove defining the impres-
sion turned outwards, i. e. away from each other; the striz of the
striate area very coarse, hardly more numerous and hardly finer than
those of the adjacent area of the terga; the longitudinal striz of the
posterior portion of the segment extending at least as high as the pores.

b'. Scobina specialized, the extremities of the groove incurled towards each
other, thus forming a crescentic or subcrescentic impression ; the striz of
the striate area very fine and numerous ; longitudinal grooves of posterior
portion of segments not extending halfway up to the pore.

c. Sensory papille on apical segment of antennz very numerous, variable
in number, and close-set.

d. Scobina very small and not extending posteriorly as far as the middle
segment of the body; infero-lateral edge of first tergal plate not
widely rounded, subangular, its anterior border slightly cut away .

d'. Scobina large, extending posteriorly past the middle segment of the
body ; infero-lateral edge of first tergal plate evenly rounded.

e. Sternal plate of anal segment very short, longitudinally convex,
and not or hardly longer than the sternal area of the preceding
segment, its posterior border straight and transverse; dorsal
area of the segments irregularly tubercular in front . . . .

e'. Sternal plate of anal segment at least twice as long as the sternal
area of the preceding segment, its posterior border angular or
strongly convex; no tubercles on dorsal area of the segments.

f. Antenne much longer than head; legs and antenne dark, at
least in their basal half . 2 2. 6. 1 6 we ew ee eee
f’. Antenne shorter or at least not longer than head; legs and
antenne uniformly pale.
g. Colour crimson; sternal plate of anal segment with convex
posterior edge, and marked in front with a transverse groove.
g'. Colour red, banded with green (? black) ; sternal plate of anal
segment with angular edge and no anterior groove . .
c'. Sensory papille on apical segment of antenne few in number (4-5)
and widely spaced.

h. Scobinze very wide, each about twice as wide as the area between
them on the middle segments of the body; inferior horizontal
area of second segment with a deep transverse groove behind the
thickened anterior edge. «6 + + ee ee ew ee

h'. Scobine narrower, separated by a space which is not less than twice
the transverse diameter of each; inferior horizontal area of second
segment shorter, without any transverse groove behind the thin
upstanding anterior edge.

olivaceus, Newp.

rogerst, sp. N.

marci, Sp. D,

rigt, sp. Nn.

aposematus, sp. 0.

tristani, sp. n.

scobinatus, sp. n.

RHINOCRICUS. 61

i. Transverse sulcus, at least on anterior fourth of body, conspicuously
pitted at least as high up as the pore.
k. Transverse sulcus obsolescent above the pores; only pitted up
to the pores in the anterior fourth of the body; olive-black . smithi, sp. n.
k', Transverse sulcus strong and complete dorsally, pitted through-
out in the anterior half of the body; segments transversely
banded with red or yellow . . . . «1 e ww ee .) «Gurocinctus, sp. 2.
?. Transverse sulci not pitted.
J. Elliptical area of scobinze small, narrower than striate area, and
separated from the anterior edge of the segments by a space
exceeding their transverse diameter in length; median and
posterior area of segments smooth and polished . . . . . stollt, sp. n.
I’, Elliptical area of scobine large, as wide as the striate area and
close to the anterior border of the terga; at least the median
area of the terga coriaceous.
m. First tergal plate encircled with yellow; tergal plate and

valves of anal segment bordered behind with yellow . . . atoyacus, sp. n.
m', First tergal plate, and tergal plate and valves, not bordered
with yellow . 2 2 2 ee we ew ew ee ew ee «Salleanus, sp. n.

1. Rhinocricus rogersi, sp.n. (Tab. V. figg. 12, 12a, b.)

Colour (in alcohol) rich olive-green, obscurely banded transversely, the segments ferruginous or yellowish-red
beneath ; legs yellowish ; antenne pale olive-green banded with yellow.

Head smooth, shining ; sulcus mesially obsolete ; eyes consisting of five transverse rows of about thirty ocelli,
separated by a space equalling at least four diameters. Antenne slightly shorter than the uncovered
portion of the head, distally attenuate; sixth segment nearly as long as wide, narrower than the fifth
but not longer; seventh much narrower than fifth or sixth. Segments smooth, shining, feebly striolate ;
the first with a short inferior lateral groove, its anterior border projecting just below the level of the
eyes, obliquely cut away inferiorly, so that its lateral border is not so evenly and widely rounded as in
the other species. Second segment not striate laterally below; posterior portion of its infero-lateral
edge projecting convexly below the level of the anterior portion, striolate ; posterior portion longitudinally
grooved for a short distance inferiorly. Transverse sulcus strong laterally, extending over the dorsum as
a shallow groove on all the segments except the anterior and posterior four or five, on which it is obsolete.
Longitudinal groove behind pore very weak. Scobinew feebly developed, visible from the seventh or
eighth to the fifteenth or sixteenth segments; the two transversely oval, quite close to the anterior
edge of the segments, separated by a space equalling at least six times their transverse diameter, the
‘striate area triangular. Anal segment: tergite scarcely covering summit of valves, the process rectangular.
Valves with margins compressed, prominently convex; sternite triangular, its angle obtusely rounded.

Copulatory feet and phallopods of male as in figures (Tab. V. figg. 12a, 6). Number of segments 43-44,

Length about 80 millim.; greatest width 8; width at anterior end 7, width at posterior end of penultimate
segment 6°5 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica (Rogers),

This species is remarkable for the feeble development of the scobina and for the more
angular shape of the lateral portion of the first tergal plate.

62 DIPLOPODA.,

2. Rhinocricus aurocinctus, sp.n. (Tab. VI. figg. 1 a-h.)

Colour (in alcohol) of posterior area of segments yellow or red, anterior area also yellow or red, intermediate
area deep olive-green, hence, when extended, the body appears to be narrowly banded with yellowish-
red, when coiled to be broadly banded with that colour on account of the exposure of the yellow of the
anterior area of the segments ; first segment completely encircled with yellowish-red; anal segment deep
olive-green, except the tip of the caudal prolongation which is yellow; antennz and legs fusco-olivaceous,
obscurely banded with yellow.

Head smooth. Antenne much shorter than head, thinner, slightly attenuate; sixth segment slightly longer
than wide, narrower than fifth; seventh small. First tergite evenly rounded laterally, without any
emargination above the eye. Infero-lateral edge of second nearly horizontal, thickened in front of the
sulcus. The remaining segments smooth above or weakly punctulated ; the transverse sulcus very strongly
developed and conspicuously pitted in the anterior half of the body, complete but less strongly pitted over
the dorsum of all the segments except the second, sometimes the third and the penultimate. Scobine
strongly developed, extending from about the ninth to about the fortieth segment, and on the segments of
the mid-region of the body consisting of a pair of semicircular depressions, with the floor of the depression
slightly raised, and succeeded by a triangular striated area ; space between the depressions, which are close
to the border of the terga, less than twice the transverse diameter of either. At the posterior end of the
body the scobine are smaller and wider apart. Anal segment: tergite produced into a narrow caudal process
overlapping the summit of the valves, the margins of which are much less prominently convex than in
R. rogersit, while their edges are defined by a much stronger groove; anal sternite rectangularly pointed.

Copulatory organs and phallopods of male as in Tab. VI. figg. 1g, h. Number of segments 59-60.

Length of 2 110 millim., width 10-5, anterior width 8; length of ¢ 81, width 7°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Milpas in Durango (Forrer).

3. Rhinocricus stolli, sp. n. (Tab. VI. fig. 2.)

Colour olive-green, with a narrow darker transverse line along the posterior border of the terga; anterior
portion yellow.

Head smooth. Antenne shorter than head, scarcely attenuate, sixth segment almost as wide as fifth; seventh
small, First tergite widely rounded. Infero-lateral edge of second segment horizontal, long, thickened
in front. Remaining segments smooth and polished ; anterior portion very finely striolate. Transverse
sulcus absent on second segment, obsolete dorsally on the third and on the penultimate and antepenultimate,
complete on the others. Scobine extending from about the ninth segment to the fifth from the posterior
end, consisting of a pair of suboval grooves, well behind the border of the terga, from about four to six
diameters apart; striolate area considerably wider and longer than the oval impression. A longitudinal
groove behind the fovea on the posterior half of the body. Anal segment : tergite with a transverse
dorsal groove, the caudal process elongate but not surpassing the summit of the valves, which are
compressed and have strongly convex, prominent borders; sternite rectangularly triangular, large, with a
transverse groove in its anterior half.

Number of segments 48.

Length 106 millim. ; width of median segment 12, of anterior tergite 10, of penultimate tergite 7.

~ Hab. Guatemara, Cholhuitz (0. Stoll).

-This species is chiefly remarkable for the small size of the elliptical area of the
scobine as compared with the striate area, and by the relatively great length of the
space between them and the anterior edge of the segments. ‘The edges of the anal
valves are also more prominent and convex than in the other species.

4. Rhinocricus smithi, sp. pn. (Tab. VI. figg. 3 aS.)

Colour uniform olivaceous or brunneo-olivaceous throughout.
Antenne shorter than head; sixth segment shorter and narrower than fifth; seventh segment small. First

RHINOCRICUS. 63

tergite widely rounded ; second with its infero-lateral edge produced in front into a rounded excrescence.
Remaining segments striolate and punctulate; transverse sulcus absent on second segment, obsolete or
almost obsolete dorsally on the others ; in the anterior fourth of the body deep and strongly pitted laterally
up to the pore, the pits becoming gradually evanescent in the middle and posterior portions of the body ;
a longitudinal groove behind the pore on the posterior segments; anterior portion of segments sparsely
striolate. Scobine extending to about the fourth segment from the end, consisting of a pair of deep
semicircular pits with raised floor close to the anterior edge of the segment and four or five diameters
apart ; striolated area elongate, narrower than the impressions, less triangular than usual. Anal segment :
tergite produced slightly beyond the summit of the valves, which have their margins deeply grooved ;
sternite slightly acutely triangular.

Copulatory organs and phallopods of male as shown in Tab. VI. figg. 3e, f. Number of segments 60-62.

Length of 2 up to about 140 millim., width 13:5, of anterior tergite 9°5; length of ¢ 102 millim.,
width 10:5,

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme and Amoquileca in Guerrero (//. H. Smith).

5. Rhinocricus aposematus, sp.n. (Tab. VI. fig. 4 a-e.)

$. Colour (in alcohol) a washed-out red, when fresh probably brilliant blood-red throughout, with the
anterior and inferior areas of the segments paler ; legs and antenne red like the head and body.

Antenne thick, clavate, third segment about as wide as long; the sixth much wider than long, and wider than
the fifth, seventh also very wide. first segment nearly smooth; anterior portion of the others finely
striolate tranversely, median and posterior portions finely striolate and coriaceous longitudinally.
Transverse sulcus obsolete dorsally on the second segment, very weak upon the third and fourth,
complete but weak upon the dorsum of all the segments, and evanescent at the posterior end of the body ;
the longitudinal pore-suleus present. Scobinw extending from the eighth to about the sixth segment
from the end; the pits oval, with the floor elevated, less than their transverse diameter from the anterior
edge of the segments and separated by a space equalling about four times that diameter ; at the posterior
end, where they dwindle in size, the distance becomes relatively greater; the striate area triangular,
narrowed behind, as wide in front as the impression. Anal segment: tergite with very short but
distinct caudal process, transversely grooved at its base; valves with lightly compressed margins, their
summits projecting considerably beyond the apex of the caudal process; sternite widely and convexly
rounded, with a transverse groove in its anterior half. Leys mostly nearly hairless beneath, a bristle on
the cox and two or three spines on the tarsus; first and second legs, and in a lesser degree the third,
with all the segments bristly below.

Copulatory apparatus and phallopods as in Tab. VI. figg. 4a—-e. Number of segments 44.

Total length 140 millim.; median width 15; width of first segment 12, of penultimate segment 11 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, Santa Clara (J. Tristan).

6. Rhinocricus tristani, sp.n. (Tab. VI. figg. 5 a-d.)

3. Nearly allied to the foregoing, but differently coloured and much smaller.

Colour a darker red above, the median area of the segments from the dorsum to halfway below the pore deep
olive-green, but the green gradually narrowing away below the pore, leaving the inferior portion of the
segments yellowish-red; first segment green in the middle, bordered with red; upper half of head
olivaceous ; antennee and legs clear yellow.

Antenne thicker than in 2, aposematus ; the second segment scarcely longer than wide, the fifth and sixth at
least twice as wide as long; fifth and sixth granular. Segments sculptured and sulcate as in that species.
Scobine also much the same, but the groove defining the elliptical impression incomplete in front and the
floor more convex. Anal segment: tergite without groove at base of caudal process, which is apparently
shorter on account of the lesser emargination of the two sides of the border, which converge to form the
angle; margin of valves less compressed, their summits not quite covered by the tip of the caudal process ;
sternite very distinctly and obtusely angular, without transverse groove in its anterior half,

64 DIPLOPODA.

Phallopods and copulatory apparatus as in figures (Tab. VI. figg. 5c, d@). Number of segments 44.
Total length 67 millim., median width 10; width of anterior 7:5, of penultimate segment 6.

Hab. Costa Rica, Santa Clara (J. Zristan).

7. Rhinocricus rixi, sp.n. (Tab. VI. figg. 6 a-e.)

Allied to R. tristant and R. aposematus.

Colour (in alcohol) a nearly uniform dark mahogany-brown, perhaps nearly black when alive, on the posterior
portion of the segments the anterior and inferior portions paler; legs and antenne ferruginous distally.

Antenne clavate, as in f. aposematus; the fifth and sixth segments very distinctly granular. Segments
with sculpturing and sulci developed much as in R. tristani, but less densely striolate, the posterior half
of the posterior area smooth and shining, its anterior half marked with faint irregularly arranged longi-
tudinal grooves. Scobinew approximately as in I?. aposematus. Anal segment as in R. tristani, but with
the caudal process more emarginate laterally, though less so than in R. aposematus.

Phallopods and copulatory apparatus of male as in figures (Tab. VI. figg. 6d, e). Number of segments 45.

Total length 111 millim.; median width 12°5; width of first 10, of penultimate segment 7.

Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales copper-mine (R. Riz).

8. Rhinocricus salleanus, sp. n. (Tab. VI. fig. 7.)

? Julus aztecus, Humbert et Saussure, Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 8331 (1859); Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve,
xv. p. 558, fig. 29 (1869).

? Spirobolus aztecus, Daday, Term. fuzetek, xvi. p. 108, t. 4. figg. 9-11 (1894).

9. Colour (in alcohol) apparently olivaceous, with the posterior border of the segments ferruginous ; legs and
antenne ferruginous.

Head punctulate and finely striolate above. Antenne slightly attenuate apically, the sixth segment a little
narrower than the fifth, slightly longer than wide ; seventh segment much narrower than the fifth. First
tergite densely and coarsely coriaceous; the remaining segments with the median and lateral areas also
densely and coarsely coriaceous; transverse sulcus very deep and strong both laterally and dorsally,
not pitted, almost obsolete on the dorsum of the second and” penultimate segments, strong on the third
and on the antepenultimate; pore-sulcus not distinct. Scobinew well developed, consisting of a pair of
deep semielliptical grooves defining a smooth oval area which is close to the anterior edge of the terga ;
distance between these impressions, at least on the anterior and median segments, not exceeding twice
their transverse diameter; the striate area wide and convexly rounded behind; the posterior nine
segments without scobina. Anal segment: tergite posteriorly angularly elongate, but not covering the
summit of the valves; valves strongly compressed above ; sternite large, triangular.

Number of segments 57.

Total length 88 millim.; median width 7:5; width of first 6:5, of penultimate segment 5,

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (fide de Saussure).

The above-given description is taken from a single female specimen from Cordova
in the British Museum, procured from M. Sailé, and purporting to be one of
de Saussure’s original examples. The evidence for this statement, however, is negatived
by the length of the specimen, which is 88 millim., with a width of 7°5 millim.; the
largest out of a number of specimens collected by de Saussure measuring only 65 millim.
The localities de Saussure gives for &. aztecus—namely, Vera Cruz, Cordova, Orizaba,
&c.—suggest the possibility of his having described more than one species under one
name. ‘This possibility and the discrepancy in size between M. Sallé’s example and

RHINOCRICUS. 69

those measured by de Saussure justify the view that this example should be regarded,
at all events provisionally, as the representative of a distinct species.

Daday’s determination of this species must also be regarded as doubtful. The
figure he published of the copulatory apparatus indicates, though it does not finally
prove, that his specimen was specifically distinct from all those described above of
which the males are known, the sternal plate being more hammer-shaped than in any

of the latter.

9, Rhinocricus atoyacus, sp. n. (Tab. VI. figg. 8 a-c.)

3. Colour (in alcohol): head olivaceous ; first tergal plate olivaceous, bordered with yellow, remaining
segments deep olive-green with the posterior area yellow, anal tergite and anal valves also olive-green
and bordered with yellow; legs yellow ; antenne olive-green banded with yellow.

Head finely striolate. Antenne not incrassate ; sixth segment about as wide as long and about as wide as the
fifth ; seventh segment much narrower than the fifth. First teryite finely coriaceous, widely rounded
laterally. Remaining segments coarsely coriaceous ; sulcus strong, complete and strong dorsally on all the
segments except the second and penultimate. No distinct longitudinal sulcus behind the pore. Scobine
extending to about the fourteenth segment from the end, consisting of a pair of deep crescentic grooves
close to the anterior edge of the terga, on the median segments separated by a space which about equals
their transverse diameter, more widely separated on the posterior segments ; the striate area semioval.
Anal segment: caudal process short, not covering the summits of the valves, which are compressed dorsally ;
sternite large, triangular.

Legs with a single seta on the underside of the segments; anterior legs without sete; coxe of third, fourth,
and fifth legs with globular excrescences, larger on the third than on the fourth and on the fourth than
on the fifth.

Phallopods and copulatory organs as in figures (Tab. VI. figg. 8 6, ¢).

Number of segments 57.
Total length 66 millim.; median width 6; width of first 5, of penultimate segment 4:5.

Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz, Atoyac (A. Dugés).

This species is very nearly related to #. salleanus, the male of which is unknown

to me.

10. Rhinocricus scobinatus, sp. n. (Tab. VI. figg. 9 a-e.)

Colour (in alcohol): head and first segments olive-green ; the rest of the segments with the posterior portion
ferruginous, the median area deep olive-black, gradually thinning out inferiorly below the pore; infero-
lateral portion of median area and anterior portion of segments pale olivaceous; anal segment also pale
olivaceous; legs and antennz pale olivaceous or ochre-yellow.

Head punctulate and striolate. Antenne short, attenuate; sixth segment a little longer than wide, narrower
than the fifth, seventh much narrower than the fifth. Jirst tergite coriaceous, widely and somewhat
subquadrately rounded laterally. Second segment widely and transversely grooved beneath. Median and
posterior area of remaining segments somewhat coarsely coriaceous; the transverse groove strong and
complete dorsally on all the segments except the second and the anal segment. Scobine close to anterior
edge of terga ; each exceedingly wide, consisting of a widely crescentic groove defining posteriorly a smooth
area; the striate area much wider than long, with evenly convex posterior border; distance between the
scobine equal to about half their transverse diameter; scobine present and of fairly large size on the
penultimate segment, on which they are separated by a space about equalling their transverse

diameter.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., November 1907. K

66 DIPLOPODA.

Anal segment: tergite with elongate somewhat pointed caudal process slightly surpassing the summit of the
valves, which are strongly compressed in their upper half; sternite large and triangular.

Copulatory apparatus and phallopods as shown in Tab. VI. fig. 9 d.

Number of segments and measurements doubtful (specimen fragmentary).

Hab. Guatemata, Retalhuleu (0. Stol/).

This species is remarkable for the large size of the scobine and. for their extension
on to the penultimate segment. In the deepness and dorsal completeness of the
transverse sulcus and the coarse coriaceous sculpturing of the terga it much resembles
R. salleanus ; but, apart from the scobine, differs from that species in having the first
tergal plate much wider laterally and the inferior horizontal area of the second very
distinctly longer. The caudal process also overlaps the summit of the valves.

11. Rhinocricus olivaceus, Newp. (Tab. VI. fig. 10.)
Spirobolus olivaceus, Newport, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii. p. 268.
Julus olivaceus, Gervais, Ins. Apt. iv. p. 184 (1847); Voyage de Castelnau, p. 20.

@. Colour (dry specimen) deep olive-yellow ; posterior border of segments ferruginous; legs and antenne
dark.

Head feebly striolate transversely and punctulated. Antenne long, a little longer than the head, with the
sixth segment a little shorter and narrower than the fifth. Hyes composed of about 30 ocelli in 5 rows.
First tergite not evenly rounded, somewhat angular (perhaps shrivelled from drying). All the
segments dorsally striolate; the transverse sulcus strong and complete dorsally even on the second
segment; the lateral strive on the posterior portion of the segments extending up to the pore; median
area of segments laterally pitted and irregularly grooved transversely above; a conspicuous longitudinal
sulcus in front of the pore and also behind it on the posterior portion of the body. Scobine but little
differentiated, consisting of a transverse groove the ends of which are not turned inwards towards each
other to form a crescent-shaped mark, but outwards parallel to the edge of the terga; behind the
groove there are a number of coarse strize which follow its curvature. Anal segment with caudal process
narrowed and surpassing summit of valves; valves marginally compressed, with convexly produced edge.
Legs longish.

Number of segments 42.

Length 170 millim.; median width 15, extreme width 12,

Hab. Mexico, Oaxaca.

A single dried typical example in the collection of the British Museum.

At. olivaceus may be easily distinguished from the rest of the Central-American
members of this genus, as well as from all other species known to me, by the
undifferentiated condition of the scobinee. So far as this organ is concerned, the
species is of considerable interest as showing the process of formation of the scobinze
from normal transverse integumental grooves,

12, Rhinocricus marci, sp.n. (Tab. VI. fig. 11.)

. Colour (in alcohol) olive-green, with the posterior portion of the segments ferruginous; first tergal plate
bordered with ferruginous ; anal tergite and valves olive-green, not bordered ; head olivaceous ; antenne
olive-green, ringed with ferruginous ; legs olive-yellow, perhaps dark green and ringed with ferruginous
when fresh,

RHINOCRICUS. 67

Head punctured; median sulcus deep, interrupted only for a short distance mesially. Antenne short,

slightly attenuate; second segment scarcely longer than wide, fifth nearly twice as wide as long, sixth
narrower and not longer than the fifth, seventh about half the width of the fifth. irst tergite punctured,
widely rounded laterally ; second with its inferior angle produced inferiorly, its lower horizontal area
not transverse, scooped out. Anterior portion of remaining segments transversely sinuate in front,
furnished behind dorsally with small anastomosing wart-like tubercles, which extend transversely across
the segment from the level of the pores and encroach longitudinally upon the median portion ; the latter
coriaceous with close-set punctures; posterior portion similarly coriaceous in front, the punctures
becoming scattered posteriorly and leaving the hinder border smooth and polished; the infero-lateral
ongitudinal striz of this portion not extending halfway up to the pore and absent upon the second,
third, and fourth terga. Transverse sulcus weak dorsally but complete, except on the second and
penultimate segments, and scarcely traceable upon the third and fourth. Scobine present, extending to
the seventh segment from the end, consisting of a pair of semilunar or crescentic impressions close to the
edge of the terga, separated by a space varying in different regions according to the size of the impressions,
from two to four times their transverse diameter, or considerably more on the posterior segments. Anal
segment: tergite with short, sharp, rectangular caudal process, not covering the summit of the valves,
which have strongly compressed margins ; sternite very short, scarcely longer than the sternal area of the
preceding segment, convex both longitudinally and transversely, and with its posterior border nearly
straight and transverse.

Number of segments 44.

Total length 100 millim.; median width 11:5; width of first segment 9, of penultimate segment 7:5.

Hab. Nicaragua, San Marcos (£. Burns).

Differs from all the Central-American species known to me in the extreme shortness
and longitudinal convexity of the anal sternite and the irregular tuberculation of the
dorsal area of the anterior portion of the terga.

13. Rhinocricus omiltema, sp. n. (Tab. VI. figg. 12 a-c.)

Colour: segments uniformly black, not banded; legs and antenne yellow; head olivaceous, paler below.

Head finely striolate; sulcus very deep just above the labral excision; eyes large and subcircular.
Antenne not incrassate; sixth segment rather wider than long, about as wide as the fifth, seventh
narrower than fifth; four sensory papilla on the last segment. Body long, slender: first segment
wider than second, and as wide as the median. First tergite widely rounded laterally ; second with its
infero-lateral edge projecting below. Remaining segments coriaceous, irregularly and weakly suleate
longitudinally ; transverse sulcus becoming evanescent above the pore, replaced by a secondary sulcus
rising in front of the pore and extending right over the dorsum of the segments; sides of segment
obliquely sulcate in front of the transverse sulcus; the posterior portion longitudinally striate half-
way up to the pore on the anterior segments; on the median and posterior segments the striw
extend only a short distance above the bases of the legs; a short longitudinal sulcus visible behind the
pore. Scobine present, extending to about the fifteenth segment from the end, consisting of a pair of
crescentic pits close to the anterior edge of the segments, separated by a space which is equal to about
three times their transverse diameter ; striate area relatively long and triangularly pointed behind. Anal
segment: tergite produced into a relatively long caudal process which covers and slightly overlaps the
summit of the valves ; valves with margins scarcely compressed ; sternite large, triangular.

Number of segments 48.

Total length 41 millim.; median width 3; width of first segment 3:3, of penultimate segment 2-3.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

This species differs from the remaining species here described under Rhinocricus
in three striking characteristics, namely: the structure of the phallopods in the male,
K 2

68 DIPLOPODA. \

the expansion of the first tergal plate, and the replacement of the transverse sulcus on
the dorsum of the segments by a secondary sulcus lying in front of the pore. In this
latter respect it resembles several of the species referred to this genus which have been
described from the West Indies (see Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv. pp. 499-505, 1893).
The chief peculiarity about the phallopod is the shortness and thickness of the distal
segment as compared with that of the other species of Rhinocricus here recorded,
which does not exceed the length of the guard of the seminal style. A closely allied
species has recently been made the type of a special subgenus, Eurhinocricus (cf. infra,
p. 72, under &. diolleyi).

The following species of Rhinocricus are known to me only from descriptions and
figures. ‘The scobine were not examined, or at all events not described in detail, and
only in the case of the species recorded by Brolemann have the number of sensory
papille on the antenne been mentioned and the structure of the gonopods illustrated.
I have found it impossible on this account to include the species in the above-printed
analytical key.

Only two of the species stand out as sharply distinguished from the rest, namely
R. hagedussii of Daday and &. dugest of Bollman, which are characterized by the
presence of a long caudal process.

14, Rhinocricus toltecus.

Julus toltecus, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 331 (1859); Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 554, fig. 27
(1860).

Spirobolus toltecus, Sauss. & Humb. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 75.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova.

The distinguishing characteristic of this species appears to be the form of the anal
segment, which is neither compressed nor attenuated, but is hemispherically rounded.
The posterior border of the sternal plate is lightly convex, and that of the tergal plate
also lightly convex, with a very short median dentiform caudal process overlying the
compressed margins of the anal valves.

Number of segments 63. Length 88, width 6 millim.

In all the other species of this genus described by de Saussure and Humbert the
posterior extremity of the body is compressed and the tergal plate of the anal segment
is triangular dorsally.

15. Rhinocricus aztecus.
Julus aztecus, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 3831 (1859); Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 558, fig. 29
(1860),

Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz, Cordova, Orizaba, &c.

RHINOCRICUS. 69

_ As remarked above (p. 64) this species was based upon a large number of indi-
viduals. The antenne are described as very short (“brevissime”) and strongly
compressed. ‘The body is smooth, shining, finely shagreened or rather striolate. The
transverse sulcus is strongly marked.

Number of segments 55 to 58. Length 63, width 6 millim.

16. Rhinocricus zapotecus.
Julus zapotecus, Sauss. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 559, fig. 30 (1860).

Hab. Mexico.

According to de Saussure, this species inhabits the same localities in Mexico as
R. aztecus, to which it is so closely allied that the distinctness of the two was, to the
describer, a matter of doubt. It was described as being more attenuated anteriorly,
R. aztecus being parallel-sided, and larger, the total length being 93 millim., as
compared with 65.

17. Rhinocricus totanacus.
Julus totanacus, Sauss, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 561, fig. 31 (1860).

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba.

Described as very nearly allied to &. aztecus, but larger and smoother, with a
distinct though short caudal process and the transverse sulcus on the segments feeble
and ornamented with close-set punctures. In both of these features it approaches
£. smitht and &. aurocinctus, described above, but apparently differs from both in its
more slender and cylindrical shape.

Number of segments 60. Length 100, width 8 millim.

18. Rhinocricus chichimecus.

Julus chichimecus, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 831° (1859) ; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 562,
t. 5. fig. 82 (1860).

Spirobolus chichimecus, Sauss. & Humb. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 82.

Hab. Mexico.

Allied to &. aztecus, but very much larger, and with the inferior strie restricted to
the area just above the base of the legs.
Number of segments 49-50. Length 120, width 13 millim.

19. Rhinocricus brevicollis.
Spirobolus brevicollhis, Voges, Zeitschr. wissen. Zool. xxxi. pp. 191, 192.

Hab. Mexico, * Mazatlan *,

Compared with &. zapotecus (Sauss.). The transverse sulcus of the segments is strong,

* The locality is given as “ Misatlan,” probably in mistake for Mazatlan or Misantla.

70 DIPLOPODA.

the area behind it being rugulose above and laterally and inferiorly sulcate. ‘The anal
tergal plate does not surpass the valves, which have swollen margins.
Number of segments 57-60. Length 90-110, width 6°5—7°5 millim,

20. Rhinocricus angusticollis. .
Spirobolus (Rhinocricus) angusticollis, Karsch, Zeitschr. ges. Naturwiss, (3) vi. pp. 70, 71 (1881).

Hab. Mexico, Puebla.

Segments with strong complete transverse sulcus. Scobine extending from the
9th to the 36th. The posterior area of the segments finely punctuated and striolated,
sulcate beneath. Anal tergal plate produced into a subcylindrical process, slightly
surpassing the valves, which are convex with deeply compressed margins.

Number of segments 43. Length 70-80 millim.

21. Rhinocricus ferrugineus.
Spirobolus ferrugineus, Daday, Term. fiizetek, xii. p. 130 (1889).

Hab. PANAMA.

Robust, anteriorly attenuate. Segments with distinct sulcus, densely impresso-
punctate. Tergal plate of anal segment widely acuminate posteriorly, not surpassing
the valves, which are strongly marginate.

Number of segments 45. Length 122, width 15 millim.

This species appears to be unusually broad as compared with its length. In this
respect it evidently differs markedly from &. brevicollis, Voges, and others, and
approaches nearest to £. chichimecus, Sauss., but, in view of the contractility of the
body in these and other Diplopods, perhaps no great reliance should be placed upon
the character in question.

22. Rhinocricus hagedussii.
Spirobolus hagedussii, Daday, Term. fiizetek, xii. p. 130 (1889).

Hab. PANnaMa.

Slender, attenuated posteriorly. Segments lightly sulcate transversely, the posterior
area smooth and polished above, sulcate nearly up to the pore laterally. Tergal plate
of anal segment produced into an oblique depressed wide caudal process which far
overhangs the valves. The latter compressed, not marginate.

Number of segments 52-53. Length 75-80, width 7°5 millim.

‘This species evidently differs from all those hitherto recorded from Central America
in possessing a long caudal process produced considerably beyond the valves.

RHINOCRICUS. 71

23. Rhinocricus dugesi.
Spirobolus (Rhinocricus) dugesi, Bollman, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 46, pp. 190, 194 (1893).

Hab. Mexico, Guanajuato (Dugés).

FR. dugesi resembles RF. hagedussit in possessing a long caudal process, but, judging
from the description, may be distinguished from that species by having the anal valves
very strongly margined.

Number of segments 50. Length 55, width 5 millim.

24. Rhinocricus obesus.
Rhinocricus obesus, Brdlemann, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1900, pp. 107, 108, t. 7. figg. 59-65.

Hab. Guatema.a (Rodriquez).

Judging by the shortness of the antenne, the large number of sensory papille, and
other characters, this species appears to be related to &. tristant and R. aposematus,
but certainly differs from both. The posterior borders of both tergal and sternal plates
of the anal segment are transverse and scarcely produced, and the guard of the
phallopod in the male is bent at right angles to the axis of the style, lying across it
almost at a right angle.

Number of segments 45-46. Length 99-100, width 12°5 millim.

Under the name rubicundus, Brélemann has described what he believes to be
a variety of &. obesus from Cariblanco in Costa Rica (Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr. 1905,
pp. 376-378). It seems to differ from the typical form in having the segments more
distinctly sculptured with striole. Length from 106-143, width from 13:5-17 millim.

25. Rhinocricus costaricensis.
Rhinocricus costaricensis, Brdlemann, Aun. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1905, pp. 375-6, t. 10. figg. 26-28.

Hab. Costa Rica, Cariblanco.

Blackish, shining, with the antenne and legs yellow. Antennee very short and
claviform, with many sensory papille. The posterior portions of the segments are
shining and wrinkled along the sulcus, which is deep. ‘The caudal process covers but
does not surpass the valves, which have prominent and compressed but not sulcate
margins.

Number of segments 44. Length 81, width 9-4 millim.

Apparently allied to &. aposematus and R. tristani, but differing from both in
colour and in the form of the gonopods. ‘The style of the phallopod is straight and
very much shorter than the guard, which is very broad apically, with a somewhat
rounded margin and a small dentiform process. The inferior portion of the sternal
plate is narrow and linguiform.

(2 DIPLOPODA.

26. Rhinocricus nodosicollis,
Rhinocricus nodosicollis, Br6lemann, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1905, pp. 372-3874.

Hab. Costa Rica, Cariblanco (Lankester).

This species may be distinguished by a combination of the three following features,
namely, the presence of only four sensory papille upon the terminal segment of the
antenne ; a forward expansion of the first tergal plate to form a rounded lobe below
the level of the eye; and the length of the caudal process, which projects considerably
beyond the summit of the valves. The gonopods resemble somewhat those of
RR. costaricensis, but the inferior portion of the sternal plate is less abruptly narrowed
and there is no spiniform tooth upon the apical expanded portion of the guard.

Number of segments 38-39. Length 61-69, width 7-8°3 millim.

It is mainly by the structure of the first tergal plate that A. nodosicollis may be
distinguished at once from those described above, which resemble it in having a small
number of antennary sensory papille. Brdlemann apparently believed that the
number of papille in these and other allied species was constant and always four.
He even proposed to divide the genus khinocricus into two sections, named respectively
Tetrarhabdi and Polyrhabdi, the former embracing the species with four papille and
the latter those with many papille. But since four is not a constant number for the
papille of the first group, the name proves to be ill-chosen. If a name be wanted,
Oligorhabdi would be preferable. The character, nevertheless, is an extremely useful
one for differentiating the numerous species of this difficult genus, and Brdlemann
is to be congratulated upon its discovery.

27. Rhinocricus ocraceus.
Rhinocricus ocraceus, Brélemann, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1900, pp. 124, 125, t. 8. figg. 115-119.

Hab. Istamus or Panama, Obispo (coll. Gazagnaire).

This species, which in all its characters appears to be a typical Ahinocricus, may be
distinguished from the rest of the Central-American members of this genus known up
to the present time by its very small size, the total length of the male being only
26 mm. and the width less than 3mm. It is also remarkable for the form of the
anal segment, the valves of which are simply rounded and neither compressed nor
margined, their summit being covered by an almost tuberculiform caudal process.

The scobine extend to the 28th segment, that is to say considerably past the
middle of the body, which consists of 44 segments.

28. Rhinocricus biolleyi.
Rhinocricus (Eurhinocricus) biolleyi, Brélemann, Aun. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1903, pp. 182-185, t. 1.
fige. 1-6; op. cit. 1904, pp. 871, 372, t. 10. fig. 22.

Hab. Costa Rica, San José and Cachi.—Cocos I.

RHINOCRICUS.—OXYPYGE. 73

This species, the type of the subgenus Hurhinocricus of Brélemann, must be nearly
related to the form described above (p. 67) as Rhinocricus omilteme. The number of
segments ranges from 45-49 and the length from 34-47 millim. As in R. omilteme,
there are only four sensory papille on the antenne, and the transverse sulcus of the
segments is replaced dorsally by a secondary sulcus.

The subgenus Eurhinocricus rests upon the structure of the gonopods. One
peculiarity, however, upon which Brélemann lays stress can hardly be given the
importance he claims for it. This is the fact that the guard of the seminal style
consists of two thick chitinous rods united by membrane. The guard may be seen
to be constructed on a similar though not identical plan in such species of Rhinocricus
as I. smithi and R. aurocinctus, two species which further resemble R. biolleyi and
fi. omilteme in having only four antennary sensory papille, a feature formerly
considered by Brélemann to be also peculiar to the subgenus Eurhinocricus.

Although &. biolleyi is closely allied to 2. omilteme, the two appear to differ at
least in the shape of the sternal plate of the gonopods, the inferior process of this
plate being much thinner in #. omilteme than in R. biolleyi. Judging, too, from
the figures, the guard of the seminal style is longer as compared with the distal
segment in the latter than in the former species.

OXYPYGE.
Oxypyge, Silvestri, Boll. Mus, Torino, xi. no, 254, p. 4 (1896).

Differs from Zthinocricus in having the summit of each anal valve produced into a conspicuous backwardly-
directed spine.
Type, O. varicolor.

in spite of Brélemann’s opinion that the above-mentioned character upon which

Oxypyye is based is not of generic or even subgeneric value, I think the importance
Silvestri attached to it may be reasonably admitted.

1. Gxypyge varicolor.
Oxypyge varicolor, Silvestri, Boll. Mus. Torino, xi. no. 254, p. 4 (1896).

Colour variable, either wholly blackish or blackish with two dorsal rows of pale spots and yellowish legs.
Eyes subcircular, consisting of about 30 ocelli. Anterior portion of seyments smooth ; posterior portion
rugose, inferiorly striate; transverse sulcus complete. Scobinw extending from the 2nd to the 42nd
segment. TYeryite of anal segment with short attenuate caudal process, not surpassing the valves,
which have their margins undefined by a groove; sternal plate triangular. Sternal plate of gonopods
semicircular, with its inferior edge produced into a subquadrate process. Phallopod as in typical

members of /thinocricus; the distal segment long and slender; the seminal style short; the guard wide,
much longer than the style.

Number of segments 54. Length 50, width 4 millim.

Hab. Istumus or Darren, Punta Sabana and the forest near Lago de Pita (Festa).
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., September 1908. L

74 DIPLOPODA.

SPIROBOLUS, Brandt.
Spirobolus, Brandt (in part.).
Spirobolus (s. s.), Pocock, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv. p. 484 (1893).
Type, Spirobolus bungii, Brandt (from China),
For characters of this genus, see ¢nfrda.
Apart from sexual features, the differentiating characters of the
species of this genus known to me may be tabulated as follows :—

a. Eyes large, each consisting of about 60 ocelli; interocular area only a
little greater than the diameter of each cluster of ocelli . . .

a’. Eyes smaller, the ocelli less well defined and only about 20 in number
on each side; interocular area from three to four times the diameter
of each group of ocelli.

b. Infero-lateral crests exceedingly strong and widely spaced even quite
at the posterior end of the body, each crest projecting as a spiniform
process beyond the edge of the tergal plates ; sternal plate of anal
segment acutely angular posteriorly .

_ b'. Infero-lateral crests weaker, more numerous, not projecting as strong
spiniform processes, although sometimes forming a series of serrations ;
sternal plate of anal segment rounded or obtusely angled posteriorly.

c. Infero-lateral angles of the second and third tergal plates rectangular,
that of the third not like that of the fourth, which is widely

rounded . .

. Infero-lateral angles of the third tergal plate evenly rounded like
the fourth, that of the second usually widely convex.
d. A second anterior transverse sulcus extending across the tergal
plates from pore to pore in front of the normal sulcus.

e. Lateral portion of first tergal plate not widely emarginate
inferiorly infront . . 2. 1. 2 6 2 ee ew ee .

. Lateral portion of first tergal plate widely emarginate inferiorly
in front.

f. Normal transverse sulcus complete and stronger, at least
laterally, than the secondary sulcus in front of it; legs
yellow . 2 6 we we ee ee ee ee,

f'. Normal transverse sulcus weaker than the secondary sulcus
in front of it on all the segments, sometimes almost
obsolete; legs fuscous a

d'. No secondary transverse sulcus on the tergal plates in front of
the normal transverse sulcus, which may be almost obsolete.

g. Median and posterior portions of dorsal area of terga almost
smooth, polished, not perceptibly punctured or longitudinally
striolate; posterior inferior angle of second tergal plate rounded
but rectangular, the posterior and inferior edges almost at right
angles to each other .

Central-American

platyops, sp. i.

hoplomerus, sp. n.

stolli, sp. n.

tepanecus, Sauss.

mystecus, Sauss.

monticola, sp. 0.

godmani, sp. 0.

SPIROBOLUS.

g’. Median and posterior portions of dorsal area of terga punctured
and striolate, especially adjacent to the transverse sulcus;
posterior inferior angle of second tergal plate obtusely rounded,
the inferior edge oblique.

ih. Antenne and legs yellow; sculpturing coarser
fh’. Antenne and legs fuscous ; sculpturing finer. . . . . .

79

fossulifer, sp. n.
amulensis, sp. n.

Unfortunately Saussure and Humbert did not describe or figure the copulatory
apparatus of the species recorded in their monograph, and in only three of the forms

known to me are males available for dissection. These three differ markedly from
each other in the structure of these organs, as the following tabulation attests :—

a. Sternal plate strongly arched, deeply concave above, much deeper in the
middle than at the sides; anterior lamina of the coleopod mesially
shallow, &c. oe . .

. Sternal plate transverse, shallowly concave above, of er even depth throughout;
anterior lamina of coleopod large, deeper in the middle than at the
sides, &c.

6. Posterior lamina of coleopod distally bifurcate ; inferior processes of
anterior lamina longer, a distinct semicircular emargination near the
base externally. . 2. 2. 2. 2. ww ee ee re

6’. Posterior lamina of coleopod with curved undivided inferior angle;
inferior processes of anterior coleopod shorter, no emargination
externally near the base .

fossulifer.

godmani.

stolli.

So far as I can judge from the published descriptions of the anterior legs of the
males, the species in which this sex has been examined may be distinguished by

the structure of these appendages as follows :—

a, Coxe of the legs from the fourth to the seventh pairs furnished with long
apophyses, which equal in length the sum of the two succeeding

segments . 2. 6. 6 2. ew ew ew ew ww ee ew ee mystecus, Sauss., ? eximius, Porat.

a‘. When coxal apophyses are present on the fifth, sixth, and seventh legs
they are shorter than the sum of the two succeeding segments of these
limbs.

6. Coxal apophyses of legs from the fourth to the seventh pairs lamelliform
and apically bifid . . .
b'. Coxal apophyses of all the legs apically ¢ entire.
c. Coxal apophysis well developed only on third leg, where it forms a
downwardly curved process .
. Coxal apophysis of third leg not larger than that of the fourth and
fifth, and flat.
d. Coxal apophyses of all the legs very short, those of the third sub-
equaltotherest . . . 1 1. ww ee ee ee

tepanecus.

fossulifer.

stolli.
L 2

76 DIPLOPODA.

d’. Coxal apophyses well developed, especially that of the fourth leg,
which greatly exceeds in size that of the third.
e. Posterior angle of second tergal plate obtuse, anterior angle
acute. . 2. 2 2 2 ew ew ee Low ew eee ee mexicanus, Sauss.

e'. Posterior angle of second tergal plate subrectangular . . . . godmani.

1. Spirobolus platyops, sp. n.

Colour (in alcohol) dark olive-black, with the first tergal plate bordered with yellow, the rest and the anal
valves posteriorly bordered with yellow; head and antenne olive-black; legs dark brownish-red,
distally fuscous, with the tip of the tarsus clear yellow.

Head scarcely visibly sculptured; the median sulcus deep above and below, obsolete in the middle of the
head, which is depressed ; labral pores 8+3, 2 on each side close to the middle line and 1 remote.
Eyes very large, forming an irregularly oval, transversely set mass of ocelli, about 60 in number and all
well defined; distance between the eyes less than twice the diameter of either. First tergal plate
coriaceous ; neither the anterior nor the posterior borders of its lateral portion emarginate; the anterior
border defined laterally as high as the eye with a distinct groove; the posterior border convexly rounded
laterally above the angle. Second segment with its infero-lateral angle produced ; both the anterior and
posterior angles rounded, but the posterior much more obtusely so than the anterior, which projects
lower in front. The remaining segments tolerably uniformly coriaceous; the anterior covered portion
without distinct transverse grooves, the median portion pitted at least dorsally between the pores with
oval crescentic or transversely elongate impressions and longitudinally striate inferiorly nearly up to the
pore ; the transverse sulcus defined up to the pore on each side, but scarcely traceable dorsally between
the pores. . No distinct median dorsal suleus nor longitudinal sulcus behind the pores. Anal segment
with tergal plate widely and obtusely angular behind the valves, lightly compressed towards the margin ;
sternum with evenly rounded posterior border.

Number of segments 59. Total length about 65 millim.; anterior width 6:5, median width 6-5, posterior
width 5:5.

Hab. Mexico, Mescala.

This species is based upon a single female specimen, which differs markedly from
all the Central-American examples of Spirobolus known to me in the large size of the
eyes and the differentiation of the ocelli. In this, as in some other characters,
S. platyops approaches the genus 7?goniulus, which, however, has only 2+2 labral

punctures.

2. Spirobolus hoplomerus, sp. n. (Tab. VII. fig. 5.)

Q. Colour (in alcohol) dark olive-brown, with the posterior portion of the segments reddish-brown ; first
tergal plate bordered with reddish-brown ; labral region and posterior portion of anal valves also reddish-
brown; legs dark brown at base, clear brownish-yellow distally.

Head mostly smooth and polished, weakly punctured, more thickly and distinctly punctured above ; labral
pores 4-5. First tergal plate weakly punctured, shining ; its anterior border biemarginate laterally, the
upper and shallower emargination just behind the eye; the antero-lateral groove weak ; the posterior
border not laterally emarginate. Second tergal plate with its antero-inferior angle thickened and
produced, its posterior angle obtusely rounded, the lateral area of the plate scarcely perceptibly grooved.
Third tergal plate with evenly rounded infero-lateral angle. The anterior covered portion of the terga
finely ridged transversely ; the median portion closely and finely punctured and rugulose, especially in
the shallow depression marking the junction of the median and posterior portions. Laterally the median
portion is finely and obliquely crested or grooved at least halfway up to the pore. A varying number
of these crests are continued across the posterior portion as strong ridges, which pass into tolerably
widely spaced spines projecting beyond the edge of the tergal plates ; these spines do not extend up as

SPIROBOLUS. 77

high as the pore, and on the third and fourth tergal plates they take the form of rounded tubercles. The
dorsal and lateral areas of the posterior portion of the terga are anteriorly rugulose, posteriorly nearly
smooth. There is no distinct longitudinal groove either in the dorsal middle line or behind the pore.
The transverse sulcus is almost lost dorsally in the sculpturing of the terga, but lies in the transverse
depression. Anal segment with tergal plate finely punctured ; its angular caudal portion sharply defined
by a deep groove and much more coarsely and closely punctured ; valves nearly smooth, finely punctured,
_ with margins compressed ; sternal plate angularly pointed.

Number of segments 44. Total length 112 millim.; anterior width 11, median width 14, width of anal

segment 9.

Hab. GuateMALA, Costa Cuca, Pacific slope (0. Séoll).

Although based upon a single female specimen, the characters of this species are
well-marked. It appears to differ from all those hitherto described in the presence of
the strong ridges terminating posteriorly in spines upon the lateral portion of the
posterior area of the tergal plates. An indication of similar spine-armature is seen in
S. fossulifer ; but in the latter the ridges are much finer, and terminate posteriorly in
fine serration. ‘Two more features that may be mentioned are the acutely triangular
sternal plate and the deep transverse sulcus that marks the caudal prolongation of the

anal segment.

3. Spirobolus stolli, sp.n. (Tab. VII. figg. 3 a-e, 4.)

Colour piceous, or olivaceous with the posterior borders of the somites piceous, sometimes rufescent; legs and
antennee piceous or fuscous. Body nearly cylindrical.

Head finely punctulate above, with coarse punctuation below, 3 or 4 labral pores on each side, the vertical
suleus marked above and below, obsolete in the middle. Antenne a little shorter than the head. First
tergal plate with its anterior border sinuate on a level with the eye, the border defined by the groove
straight, the posterior border of the lateral portion also nearly straight, the angle acute, rounded. The
second tergal plate excavated below, the posterior angle rounded but rectangular, the anterior angle
rounded and scarcely produced anteriorly. The third segment also with its postero-lateral angle convexly
rectangular. The rest of the segments nearly smooth above, only very finely coriaceous and punctulate.
The transverse sulcus complete or, in large examples, almost entirely obsolete dorsally ; the pore-sulcus
almost obsolete in adults. The anal segment large; the valves with their margins not compressed, or at
most very slightly so; the sternal plate very obtusely angled or sometimes with merely a convex
posterior margin.

3 smaller and slenderer ; the 7th somite a little swollen ; the cox of 3rd to the 7th legs a little produced
posteriorly, the dilatations subequal; the second and third segments of these same legs inferiorly crested.

Copulatory apparatus very like that of S. godmani; but the inferior processes of the anterior laminw are
shorter, scarcely emphasised externally at the base by a notch, and the inferior angle of the posterior
lamina is more curled and not bifurcate.

Number of segments 41-43. Measurements of large 2 : length 110 millim. ; width 12, of first segment 10-5,
of anal segment 9:3; height of anal segment 9°5, of median segment 10-2. Of ¢ : length about 82,
width 9.

Hab. Guatemata, Pachuta (0. Stoll).

Easily distinguishable from §. godmani by the difference in colour, the form of the
first and second tergal plates, of the copulatory apparatus, &c.

Apparently allied to S. tzendalus of Saussure in the obsoleteness of the transverse
sulcus, the feeble development of the lateral strie, the form of the first and anal tergal

78 DIPLOPODA.

plates, &c, but differing in the absence of a transverse sulcus on the head and in the
presence of strong punctures above the labrum.

In size this species resembles S. eatmius, Porat, which also came from Guatemala;
but the two certainly appear to differ in the shape of the lateral portion of the first
tergal plate, which is described as anteriorly emarginate in S. eximius, and also in that
of the second, which is inferiorly obliquely truncate in the latter species. More
especially does S. stolli differ from S. evimius in that the coxe of the fourth to the
seventh legs are only slightly produced.

A single female specimen of the same or of a closely allied species (fig. 4), from Costa
Cuca, Guatemala (0. Stoll), differs from the typical examples in having the lateral
sulci stronger and more widely spaced.

4, Spirobolus godmani, sp. n. (Tab. VII. figg. 1 a-e.)

Colour ferrugineo-olivaceous ; legs and antenn red ; anterior border of the collum, posterior borders of the
somites, and margins of valves with a narrow red band.

Head convex, smooth, and polished ; the sulcus very feeble, with 3 or 4 labral pores on each side. Antenne
as long as the head. yes small, composed of from about 16 to 20 ocelli. First tergal plate smooth,
very much narrowed laterally, with the anterior and posterior borders emarginate ; a distinct groove.
The second tergal plate infero-laterally expanded with sinuous edge, excavated below ; its posterior angle
rounded but rectangular; the anterior angle rounded and but little produced forwards. The rest of the
segments smooth and polished dorsally, the anterior portion, however, finely striolate transversely ; the
lateral area of the segments behind the sulcus longitudinally striate, in front of it feebly obliquely
striate. The transverse sulcus complete over the dorsum and well defined, the area behind it very slightly
raised; a very feeble longitudinal sulcus marking the position of the pore behind. Anal segment very
large (cf. measurements); the tergal plate posteriorly rounded or obtusely angled, covering but not
surpassing the summit of the valves ; valves with their margins lightly compressed.

3. Smaller and slenderer, with the seventh somite dilated. Coxe of the fourth legs produced into a long
apophysis, the third, fifth, sixth, and seventh similarly but less conspicuously developed.

Copulatory apparatus with sternal plate shallow, very feebly emarginate ; anterior lamina of coleopod produced
inferiorly into an admedian sublinguiform process in contact with its fellow of the opposite side and
emphasised externally at the base by a distinct semicircular notch ; the posterior lamina almost semi-
lunar, convex internally, concave externally, the inferior angle very distinctly bifurcate, the lower process
of the fork longer than the upper.

Number of segments 42. Measurements of large 2 : length 87 millim. ; median width 11; width of first tergal
plate 9°3, of anal segment 7°5. ¢ : length 62 millim., width 8.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 8000 feet (7. H. Smith).

This species apparently differs from all those described and figured by Saussure,
S. tzendalus excepted, in having the posterior angle of the second segment rectangular,
not obtuse, and from S. tzendalus it seems to be distinguished by having the antero-
lateral border of the first tergal plate emarginate instead of straight.

5. Spirobolus fossulifer, sp.n. (Lab. VII. figg. 2 a-e.)
Colour (in alcohol) piceous or ochraceous ; legs and antenne of the same tint as the body.
Head faintly transversely striolate, with 6 or 8 labral pores; the median sulcus obsolete in the middle. rst
tergal plate with the anterior border of the lateral angle perfectly straight, the posterior border convex.

SPIROBOLUS. 79

The posterior angle of the second segment rounded and obtuse; the anterior angle also rounded and
slightly produced. The rest of the segments striolate and somewhat coarsely punctured, especially along
the groove where the transverse sulcus runs, the lateral surface closely but feebly striate, and posteriorly
serrulate up to the pore; the transverse sulcus either entirely obsolete above or nearly so; not bifurcating
above the pore, Anal segment large; the tergal plate wide and obtusely angled posteriorly, not quite
covering the valves, which have lightly compressed margins; sternal plate with convex border.

Male slenderer, with the coxe of the first and second legs unmodified ; those of the third produced into a soft
flexible short process; those of the fourth with a shorter blunter process, and of the fifth to the seventh
unmodified.

Copulatory apparatus with the sternal plate strongly curved, concave above, deeper than in the other species
and mesially impressed ; the anterior lamine of the coleopods wider laterally than mesially, where they
are punctured, and produced into a short downwardly directed process; the posterior lamina with its
inferior angle strongly curved outwards. The phallopod with its proximal segment in the form of a long
slender rod; the distal segment short, but longer than wide, laminate, externally geniculate at its base,
its outer margin convex and finely serrate.

Number of segments 41 to 46. Length of large female specimen about 73 millim.; median width 8-7;
width of first segment 7:7, of last 6, height of latter 6-2.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 8000 feet (H. H. Smith).

Apart from the secondary sexual characters of the male, this species differs from all
the Central-American species known to me in the coarse and very distinct punc-
tuation of the posterior area of the segments. In this particular 8. fossulifer seems to
come nearest to S. reptans, Porat, from Guanajuato (cf. infra) ; but is doubtless distinct,
for Porat described the second segment of S. reptans as being scarcely produced below
the level of the inferior angle of the first.

6. Spirobolus amulensis, sp. n.

Colour (in alcohol): head, legs, antenne, first and anal segments olivaceous; anterior and posterior borders of
first and posterior borders of the other segments ferruginous.

Head smooth ; 6 labral pores ; sulcus mesially incomplete. Anterior border of lateral portion of first tergal
plate very slightly emarginate ; posterior border evenly convex. ‘The posterior angle of the second segment
convex and evenly rounded; the anterior angle scarcely at all produced in front, forming a continuous
line with the anterior border of the segment. The rest of the segments dorsally punctulate, striolate,
laterally weakly striate up to or nearly up to the pore, those at the hinder end of the body laterally
serrulate ; the transverse sulcus manifest, as high as the pore, not bifurcating above it; the anterior
portion of the segments slightly but distinctly elevated, being separated from the posterior portion by a
shallow depression, this difference of level being especially well marked in the anterior half of the body.
Anal segment with tergal plate produced into a widely rounded process covering the summit of the valves,
which are very lightly compressed ; sternal plate obtusely triangular.

Number of segments 48. Length about 100 millim.; width 10, of first segment 8:5, of anal segment 6;
height of anal segment 6°5, of body 9°8.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (4. H. Smith).

This species may be distinguished from the rest here described by the smooth
elevated ridge which crosses the anterior segments from side to side. It differs further
from S. tepanecus, S. mystecus, and S. monticola in that the transverse sulcus does
not bifurcate above the pore. Moreover, the anterior angle of the second segment is
scarcely at all produced. From &. fossulifer it may be separated by the characters

80 DIPLOPODA.

enumerated in the above-given analytical Key. Three small female specimens from
Ciudad in Durango, Mexico (Forrer), represent the same or a closely allied species.
The number of segments varies from 44 to 47, and the length of the largest is
55 mm. and the width 7 mm.

7. Spirobolus monticola, sp. n.

Colour ferrugineo-olivaceous, the first tergal plate with a reddish-yellow band running along the dorsal portion
of its anterior and posterior margin, a similar band on the dorsal portion of the posterior margin of the
rest of the segments.

The head marked below with abbreviated vertical sulci. The first tergal plate with the anterior border of
the lateral portion widely emarginate, the posterior border evenly convex. The second with its posterior
angle rounded and obtuse, the anterior angle rounded and produced more forwards. The rest of the
tergal plates distinctly punctulate and striolate throughout, laterally striate up to the pores, the
transverse sulcus very feeble, represented by a slight depression; the dorsum marked by a transverse
sulcus, which is continued from the level of the pore in front of the true sulcus. Anal segment small ;
valves small, with their compressed margins projecting far beyond the apex of the tergum.

Number of segments 45. Measurements: length 87 millim.; width 11°3, of first segment 8°5, of anal
tergite 6°8; height of anal segment 7, of body 10.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 8000 feet (H. H. Smith).

This species seems to resemble S. mystecus in the form of its first tergal plate, but
the second segment is much less strongly produced inferiorly. It is also considerably
stouter in build and more closely sculptured than the specimen from San Andres Tuxtla
described below; but in this respect S. monticola resembles Saussure’s examples of
S. mystecus.

In the form of the inferior portion of the second segment, S. mystecus occupies
a position intermediate between S. tepanecus and S. monticola.

8. Spirobolus tepanecus.

Julus tepanecus, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 8332 (1859) ; id. Mém. Soc. Phys. Geneve, xv. p. 568,
t. 5. fig. 35 (1860).

Spirobolus tepanecus, Sauss. et Humb. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. pp. 88, 177 (1872).

Colour (in alcohol) olivaceous or ochraceo-olivaceous ; the posterior border of the segments fusco-olivaceous ;
legs, antennz, and lower surface ochraceous.

Head punctulate, with a complete median sulcus, the labral region roughened with punctures and grooves ;
eyes composed of about 26 ocelli arranged in four transverse rows. The first tergal plate laterally
narrowed, the antero-lateral border nearly straight, the postero-lateral border with a slight notch above
the angle. The second segment with the posterior angle of the inferior portion rounded and obtuse, the
anterior angle strongly produced, the process forming a bluntly acute angle; the posterior border lightly
notched, the base of the process bearing a deep fossa. The rest of the segments finely striolate and
punctulate. The transverse sulcus strongly developed, bifurcating at the pore and extending over the
dorsum as two parallel grooves, of which the posterior is the stronger ; a weak longitudinal sulcus running
backwards from the pore. The lateral surface striate nearly up to the pore; the posterior border of the
lateral and inferior surface in the hinder part of the body finely serrate. The anal tergal plate distinctly
but obtusely angled above, the margin of the valves projecting considerably beyond its apex; the sternal
plate angular.

In the male the coxe of the legs from the fourth to the seventh pairs are furnished with a lamelliform pro-
longation which is apically two-pointed.

SPIROBOLUS. 81

Number of segments 44-47. Length of described Q 94 millim.; width 10, width of first tergal plate 8:7, of
anal segment 6; height of latter 6:3.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova.

The above-given diagnosis of the female is taken from an example in the British
Museum which appears to be identical specifically with the specimens originally
described by Saussure from the same locality. The information regarding the
anterior coxe of the male is derived from the Monograph published by Saussure and
Humbert in 1872. From this it appears that the coxal dilatations are lamelliform, but
differ from those of all the other Central-American species in being apically bifid.

9. Spirobolus mystecus.

Julus mystecus, Sauss. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 569, t. 5. fig. 36 (1860).
Spirobolus mystecus, Sauss. & Humb. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 177 (1872).

Colour olivaceo-ochraceous, with ferruginous borders to the segments ; legs pale.

Head as in 8. tepanecus. First dorsal plate with its anterior border strongly emarginate, and not almost
straight as in S. tepanecus; the anterior angle of the second segment considerably less strongly produced.
The rest of the segments sculptured almost exactly as in that species. The anal tergal plate obtusely
rounded, less acute than in S. tepanecus, and not covering the summit of the valves.

In the male the coxe of the legs from the fourth to the seventh pairs prolonged in the form of a long styliform
appendix, which is almost or quite as long as the sum of the two succeeding segments of these legs.

Number of segments 47 (9), 45 (¢). Length of above-described 2 92 millim.; width almost 10, of
first tergal plate 8, of anal segment 6-2 ; height of latter 6°5.

Hab. Mexico, Oaxaca [type], San Andres Tuxtla (Jlus. Brit.).

The above-given description of the female is taken from a specimen from San Andres
Tuxtla in the British Museum, which in most characters appears to agree with Saus-
sure’s cotypical examples, but is perhaps rather smoother.

Comparing the females of S. tepanecus and S. mystecus, Saussure says that the latter
is very nearly allied to the former, but differs from it in having the lateral sulci on the
segments extending higher, the second segment obliquely truncate and a little rounded
at the apex, with the angles less produced, and the anal sternal plate transverse,
truncate, and in the middle subemarginate. The subsequent discovery of the male of
S. tepanecus showed that the two species might be readily distinguished by the form
of the coxal processes of the anterior legs, those of 8. tepanecus being lamelliform and
bifid and those of & mystecus elongate, styliform, and with simple undivided apices.

The following species are known to me only from descriptions and figures :—

10. Spirobolus mexicanus.

Julus mexicanus, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 332 (1859) ; id. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 566,
t. 5. fig. 34 (1860).

Spirobolus mexicanus, Sauss. et Humb. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 177 (1872).
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., September 1908. M

82 DIPLOPODA.

Colour of living animal blackish ; when dried or preserved in alcohol paler, with the posterior borders of the
segments darker.

Body robust, cylindrical, a little narrowed in front and behind. Head with several labral pores; the sulcus
mesially interrupted. Antenne short and compressed. yes triangular, consisting of 5 horizontal rows
of ocelli. First tergal plate with its inferior angle rounded, the anterior border concave, the posterior
convex. The second tergal plate projecting far below the first, its inferior border very oblique, the anterior
angle produced, a depression marking the surface of this portion of the somite. Anal segment obtuse ;
the tergal plate obtusely angled, surpassed by the valves, which are punctured; sternal plate very
obtusely rounded. The rest of the segments punctulate, but smooth and shining; the transverse sulcus
very feeble, the area in front of it finely and obliquely striolate below, the corresponding area behind it
longitudinally sulcate.

3. Cowa of the first and second legs thick, large and swollen; coxa of third terminated by a soft spine; of
the fourth to the seventh pairs produced into a blunt apophysis, diminishing in size posteriorly from the
third to the seventh and not comparable to the long stylets of S. mystecus.

Number of segments 41-46 in g, 41-44 in 9. Length 56 millim. (contracted), width 8 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca, Cuautla, Hacienda of Atlihuazan near Yautepec.

11. Spirobolus tzendalus.
Julus tzendalus, Sauss. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 570, t. 5. fig. 37 (1860).
Spirobolus tzendalus, Sauss. et Humb. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 178 (1872).

Described as very closely allied to S. tepanecus and S. mystecus, and especially to the latter, which comes from
the same locality; but differing in being larger, less coarsely striate, without any transverse sulcus on
the segments, and in having the anal tergal plate rounded at the apex and not angled.

Number of segments 45. Length 100 millim., width about 11 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Oaxaca.

Unfortunately the male of this species is not known. It is highly probable that
the type was an old and large example of &. mystecus.

12. Spirobolus eximius.
Spirobolus eximius, Porat, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxii. pp. 248, 249 (1888).

Colour (dry specimen) luteous or testaceous, with the median area of the segments spotted with ashy-black ;
the summit of the head, the middle of the first tergal plate, the apex of the last tergal plate, and the
margins of the valves fuscous; legs and antenne luteous, the latter sometimes annulated with
ashy-black.

Head sparsely but deeply punctured, rugose, more coarsely above and below, median sulcus complete or inter-
rupted ; labral pores 4 or 5 on each side; eyes composed of about 25 ocelli. First tergal plate with
infero-lateral portion triangular, the anterior border sulcate and lightly emarginate; the posterior
border straight or lightly emarginate. Second segment obliquely truncate infero-laterally. The rest of
the segments sparsely punctate and coriaceous; the transverse sulcus distinct; the lateral sulci not
extending so high as the pores and forming a serrulate margin to the sulci; a distinct. sulcus marking the
pore and another fainter in the dorsal medial line. Anal segment short, rugose, very widely and
obtusely angled posteriorly; valves rugose, with thickened compressed margins; sternal plate at most
slightly angled.

3. Coxe of third to seventh legs strongly produced and flattened. Copwlatory organ with sternal plate
very small; anterior lamina of coleopods very large, wide, acuminate apically ; posterior lamina apically
incised and turned backwards.

Number of segments 44 to 48. Length of 2 95 millim.; width 9:5, of first tergal plate 8. Length of
6 125 millim.; width 12°5, of first tergal plate 11:2.

SPLROBOLUS.— CYCLOTHYROPHORUS. 83

Hab. Guatemata (Boucard).

This species was believed by Porat to be very nearly allied to, if not identical with,
S. mystecus, Sauss., but to differ in having the anal sternal plate rounded or angled,
not emarginate, and the first tergal plate with its antero-lateral border less excavated.

13. Spirobolus reptans.

Spirobolus reptans, Porat, Aun. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxii. pp. 250, 251 (1888).

Colour (dry specimen) brownish, posterior border of segments ferruginous or blackish; feet and antenne
fuscous.

Head shining, impressed with punctures and wrinkles ; median sulcus interrupted ; labral pores 4 to 5 on each
side. First tergal plate with the lateral portion acutely triangular, anteriorly sulcate and emarginate.
Second tergal plate scarcely extending below the level of the first and not excavated beneath. Rest of
the segments strongly and equally punctate and coriaceous ; transverse sulcus distinct but not deep; the
lateral sulci extending up to the pores. Anal segment with tergal plate punctate, obtusely angled
posteriorly ; valves rugose, with margins compressed ; sternal plate posteriorly rounded.

‘Number of segments 45-46. Length 60 millim.; width 7, of first tergal plate 6.

Hab. Mexico, Guanajuato (L. Dugés).

This species seems to differ from all those here referred to Spirobolus in having the
inferior margin of the second tergal plate produced scarcely below the level of the
angle of the first, and since its margin is not thickened the segment does not present
the appearance of being excavated below.

The following two species, which are unnamed and referred to the genus Lhino-
cricus, seem to belong without doubt to Spirobolus :—

Rhinocricus sp., Brélemann, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xiii. p. 101, t. 7. figg. 66-68
(1900).

Hab. Guatemaa (Rodriguez).

Rhinocricus tsp., Brdlemann, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xxix. p. 190 (1904).
Hab. GuateMaLa (Lodriguez).

CYCLOTHYROPHORUS, gen. nov.

Nearly allied to Spirobolus, but with the valves of the anal segment strongly convex, their margins not
compressed or sulcate, but incurved so as to form a re-entering angle or deep triangular groove where
they meet in the middle line (Tab. VII. fig. 66). Lateral portions of the first tergal plate narrowed,
triangular, leaving the mandible largely exposed.

Type, C. salvini.

In addition to the type-species, I refer tentatively to this genus the three forms
described as Spirobolus nietanus, heteropygus, and vulvanus, which, so far as I can judge,
M 2

84 DIPLOPODA.

have the anal valves shaped as in C. salvini. The four seem to be distinguishable as
follows :—

a. First tergal plate not extending so low as the second and not
marked with an antero-lateral groove; no apophysis on coxa
of thirdleginmale. . . . . . 1. 1 1 ww we we) Saalvini, sp. n.
a’, First tergal plate extending as low as the second and marked
with a distinct antero-lateral groove.
b. First tergal plate less strongly emarginate laterally in front and
marked with short longitudinal grooves behind, the angle
rounded ; (third leg of male with coxal apophysis). . . . Aeteropygus, Sauss. & Humb.
b. First tergal plate widely excavated in front laterally, without
any grooves behind ; the angle acute.
c. Tergal plates smooth and shining; (third leg of male with
coxalapophysis) . . . . 2. . 6 . we « ee ) «nietanus, Sauss.
c. Tergal plates punctured andrugose . ... . . . . vulvanus, Karsch.

1. Cyclothyrophorus salvini, sp.n. (Tab. VII. figg. 6 a-d.)

Colour (in alcohol) brownish or ochraceous, the posterior border of the tergal plates fuscous ; legs and antennee
ochraceous.

Body long, slender, and subcylindrical. Head convex, smooth, the sulcus mesially interrupted, with 3+3 or
4+4 labral pores. Hyes very widely separated and ill-defined. Antenne short, thick, compressed, and
incrassate; the second and thirdsegments about equal in length. First tergal plate with the lateral
portion acutely angled, the posterior edge convex, the anterior manifestly emarginate and without trace

of a sulcus. The second tergal plate projecting below the level of the first, but not inferiorly produced
and not excavated below. The rest of the segments smooth and polished or lightly striolate and punctulate ;
the lateral sulci extending only a short distance above the legs; the transverse sulcus not extending up
to the pore or at least never beyond it. Pores conspicuous, high above the middle of the side. Anal
segment with tergal plate produced above into a wide, posteriorly rounded, caudal process covering the
summit of the valves; the latter convex, with the margins not compressed, the posterior third of each
curving abruptly inwards to meet that of the opposite side, forming a blunt termination to the body, the
plane of the posterior portion of the valves being convex from above downwards, but flat or nearly so
from side to side; sternal plate triangularly rounded.

Number of segments 49-53. Length up to 37 millim., width less than 3 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

The following species, which are known to me only from the authors’ figures and
descriptions, appear to belong to this genus :—

2. Cyclothyrophorus nietanus.
Julus nietanus, Sauss. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 565, t. 5. figg. 33 a—d, o (1860).
? Spirobolus nietanus, Sauss. et Humb. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 89 (1872).
Small, cylindrical, with the seventh and eighth segments dilated. Head polished, punctured below, with

5+5 or 444 labral pores. First tergal plate with its antero-lateral border widely emarginate, its
inferior angle very acute and extending slightly below the level of the second, which is not produced

CYCLOTHYROPHORUS. 85

inferiorly below the level of the third. The remaining segments smooth and shining; the normal
transverse sulcus complete and preceded by an additional complete sulcus; a well-marked longitudinal
sulcus in front of and behind the pore. The lateral sulci or striee strongly defined. Anal segment with
tergal plate obtusely rounded, marked with a transverse rugulose groove ; valves scarcely surpassing the
tergal plate, strongly punctured, convex and not compressed marginally ; sternal plate rounded.

¢. Sixth and seventh segments with their lower surfaces thickened and extending inferiorly. Cowxa of second
leg large; that of third leg bearing a long slender pointed process ; coxe of fourth, fifth, and sixth with
a wide somewhat triangular apophysis. .

Number of segments 44. Length 32 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca.

This species may be distinguished at once from C. salvini by having the lateral
portion of the first tergal plate very acutely angled, more strongly emarginate, deeply
grooved, and extending at least as low as, if not lower than, the second. Also in the
secondary sexual characters of the male, especially in the processes of the long coxal
apophysis on the third leg and the marked expansion of the tergal plates around the
copulatcry apparatus.

It is possible that the specimens from Cuernavaca referred to C. nietanus by Saussure
and Humbert in 1872 represent a distinct species, although from the same locality.
They at least differ from the type in measuring 55 mm. as opposed to 32 mm. in
length, and in having from 47 to 49 segments instead of 44.

3. Cyclothyrophorus heteropygus.
Spirobolus heteropygus, Sauss. et Humb. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1869, p. 154; Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr.
pp. 90, 177, t. 4. fig. 22 (1872).

d+ Blackish, the posterior border of the segments pallid in dried specimens. Mead with 4+5 labral pores ;
eyes large and circular; antenne tolerably slender. First tergal plate with its infero-lateral portion
extending as low as that of the second and terminating in a rounded angle, with the anterior border a
little emarginate and defined by a strong groove; with from 3 to 5 short grooves near its posterior border.
Remaining segments with their posterior portion punctured, especially in the posterior half of the body ;
the lateral strize or sulci very strong. Pores large. Anal segment with tergal plate short, rounded
posteriorly, not surpassing the valves, which are punctured and have their borders neither compressed
nor sulcate but evenly convex and forming at their junction a re-entering angle. ¢ (immature) with the
coxe of the legs of the third pair produced into long contiguous processes; those of the fourth to the
seventh pairs showing a small swelling. Sixth and seventh segments swollen below.

Number of segments 49. Length 47 millim., width 3°6 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca.

This species is said by Saussure and Humbert to be very like S&. nietanus, which
also came from Cuernavaca, but to differ in having the lateral portions of the first
tergal plate much less narrowed and emarginate and provided with longitudinal sulci
near its posterior margin and also in having the inferior sulci much stronger and
extending up to the pores. It may also be added that the tergal plates are thickly
punctured dorsally, whereas in S. nietanus they are described as smooth.

86 DIPLOPODA.

4. Cyclothyrophorus vulvanus.

Spirobolus vulvanus, Karsch, Zeitschr. ges. Naturwiss. (3) vi. (liv.) p. 55 (1881).

Colour black, with the posterior borders of the tergal plates flavous.

Head nearly smooth, with 3 or 4 labral pores on each side; area between the antenne impressed. First tergal
plate with its lateral portion extending inferiorly as far as that of the second, narrowed, subacute, the
anterior margin excavated and defined by a sulcus. The rest of the segments with the transverse sulcus
not deep; the median portion very finely subrugose, sculptured with longitudinal strie and scattered
punctures ; inferiorly striate, posterior portion slightly convex, sulcate beneath, sparsely impressed with
punctures, marked with a median dorsal sulcus and a lateral sulcus behind the pore, which is placed

behind the transverse sulcus. Anal segment punctured; tergal plate widely rounded; valves strongly
convex, vulviform.

Number of segments 43. Length 30 millim,
Hab. Mexico, Puebla (Berckenbusch).

So far as can be judged from the description, this species is very nearly related to
S. nietanus. The form of the first tergal plate is not very, if at all, different in the
two, and the conformation of the anal valves appears to be the same—that is to say,
they are convex with the margins uncompressed and forming a re-entering angle where
they meet, so as to conform to the type that Karsch described as “ vulviform.” In size
and number of segments the two species are also alike. Unfortunately Karsch says
nothing about the secondary sexual character of the male, although both sexes were
available for examination. C. vulvanus appears, however, to differ from C. nietanus at
least in the distinct sculpturing of the tergal plates.

SPIROBOLELLUS.
Spirobolellus, Pocock, in Max Weber’s Zool. Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederl. Ost-Ind. 1894, p. 398.
For characters, see infra, p. 89.

This genus was based upon a single species, S. chrysodirus, from Sumatra. It is
possible that the Central-American forms here referred to it may prove to be generically

distinct ; but until a revision of all the genera of this family has been taken in hand,

I prefer to assign to Spirodolellus the three species described below. These may be
distinguished as follows :—

a. Larger, length up to or over 50 mm.: sculpturing very coarse and pitted ;
a well-developed caudal process; posterior lamina of coleopod entire
inferiorly ; first tergal plate very wide laterally, with the thickened ante-
rior border largely overlapping the base of the mandible . .

a‘. Smaller, length only up to about 40 mm.: sculpturing comparatively weak ;
no caudal process; posterior lamina of coleopod deeply emarginate
below, cut out into an outer stout and an inner slender more styliform
process ; first tergal plate much narrower laterally, and its anterior

border less thickened and not concealing the basal segments of the
mandibles.

richardsoni, sp. 0.

SPIROBOLELLUS. 87

6. Anterior lamina of coleopod with its inferior admedian angle produced

into a distinct apically convex process; tarsi of third to the seventh

pairs of legs swollen and armed with a minute claw. . . . . . . tylopus, sp. un.
6’. Anterior lamina of coleopod not produced inferiorly into an admedian

process ; tarsi of all the anterior legs normal and armed with a strong

claw. 6 ww ee ee ee ee ee ewe.) eatriculus, Sp. 0.

1. Spirobolellus richardsoni, sp. n. (Tab. VII. figg. 7 ae.)

Colour a deep olive-black, with the borders of the first tergal plate, the posterior borders of the other terga
and the apex of the tail, and the legs ferruginous or yellow; antenne yellow, clouded with fuscous.
Head smooth, only slightly wrinkled, with 343 labral pores. yes subcircular, widely separated, consisting
of about seventeen indistinct ocelli. Antenne short. First tergal plate very wide laterally, overlapping
to a great extent the mandibles and partially also the antenne when lying back in the hollow of the
mandibles ; the inferior angles rounded; anterior margin wide and defined by a distinct groove. Second
tergal plate wide inferiorly, where it is largely overlapped by the first, its inferior edge a little produced
downwards. All the segments from the seventh to the penultimate with their median portion very coarsely
sculptured from the summit almost down to the legs with larger and smaller close-set subcircular pits ;
the posterior portion smooth dorsally, somewhat coarsely striate and crested laterally and inferiorly, but
not so high as the pore, these strie continuous with the pitted sculpturing of the median portion of the
terga; anterior portion only very finely striolate. ‘lhe transverse sulcus of the terga distinct, but almost
lost dorsally in the sculpturing; a longitndinal stria present behind the pores. Anal segment with its
tergal plate less coarsely sculptured than the rest, rugulose, produced posteriorly into a rather wide and
flat, apically rounded, caudal process which surpasses the summit of the valves; valves with the margins

neither compressed nor sulcate ; sternal plate with convex posterior border.

g. Copulatory apparatus as figured on Tab. VII. figg. 76, ¢; the anterior lamina of the coleopod not produced
inferiorly on the admedian side into a definite process; the posterior lamina subquadrate, not inferiorly
excavated and divided into two processes; phallopod (Tab. VII. figg. 7d, ¢) forcipate, the proximal
segment ending in a spatulate process, the distal in a strongly curved slender process opposed to it ;
between them a slender styliform process.

Number of segments 45-46. Length of © 56 millim., width about 5°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, ‘Tampico in Tamaulipas (Aichardson).

2. Spirobolellus tylopus, sp.n. (Tab. VII. figg. 8 a-d.)

Colour (in alcohol) dark slate-grey, with the posterior border of the tergal plates black; head and antenne
reddish-brown clouded with fuscous; legs almost wholly clear yellow.

Head with sulcus mesially obsolete, almost smooth; labral pores 2 to 4 on each side. yes composed of about
20 indistinct ocelli. Antenne slightly incrassate, the segments subequal in length. Furst tergal plate much
narrower laterally than in S. richardsoni and not concealing the mandible, extending, however, at least as
low as the second; its anterior border somewhat widely emarginate, defined by a groove which passes from
the level of the eye down and back to the postero-lateral angle, which is obtuse ; antero-lateral angle
rounded. Remaining segments without any definite transverse sulcus, but marked with a shallow
depression which passes from side to side, over the segment behind the pores ; posterior portion laterally
longitudinally striate about halfway up to the pores, and irregularly striolate and feebly sculptured
dorsally behind the smooth posterior margin; median portion much more definitely and coarsely
sculptured or pitted with short transverse shallower and deeper grooves, frequently crescentic in shape ;
anterior portion not distinctly striate transversely. Anal segment with the tergal plate not produced
into a caudal process, convex, scarcely even angled, although covering the summit of the valves; valves
smooth, with margins unthickened and not in any way compressed ; sternal plate obtusely triangular.

3. Smaller than @, with seventh segment expanded. Legs of first and second pairs normal, with slender

88 DIPLOPODA.

tarsi and distinct claws; tarsus of third to seventh pairs of legs inflated, with minute claw; protarsus of
third leg with distinct papilla (Tab. VII. fig.8d). Anterior lamina (proximal segment) of coleopod with
its inferior edge produced internally into a longish bluntly-rounded process, projecting in front of the
inner processes of the posterior lamina (distal segment) (Tab. VII. fig. 8a). For other details of copu-
latory apparatus, see Tab. VII. figg. 8 4, c.

Number of segments about 40. Length of 9 about 30 millim., width about 2°5 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, Tecpam (Dr. O. Stoll).

This species and the following differ in many structural characters from S. richard-
soni, and will probably be considered as generically distinct. The principal differences
are enumerated in the analytical table.

3. Spirobolellus atriculus, sp.n. (Tab. VII. figg. 9 a-c.)

gd. Closely resembling the preceding in colour, size, and most other characters, but easily distinguished by
sexual characters. The tarsi and protarsi of the anterior legs are unmodified (Tab. VII. fig. 9 c) and the
anterior lamina (proximal segment) of the coleopod is not produced inferiorly on the inner side into a

distinct process, so that the inner processes of the posterior lamine are visible from the anterior aspect
(Tab. VII. figg. 9 a, 6).

Hab, GuatEMALA, Volcan de Agua (Dr. O. Stoll).

The following species appears to belong to this genus :—

4, Spirobolellus nahuus.

Spirobolus nahuus, Sauss. et Humb. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1869, p. 154; Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. pp. 86,
177, t. 4. fig. 21 (1872).

Blackish. Head with 3+3 labral pores ; antenne short. First tergal plate with its lateral portion triangu-
larly truncate, the anterior border defined by a sulcus and slightly sinuous, not extending quite so far
inferiorly as the second. Remaining seyments with the posterior portion smooth and separated from the
median portion by a punctured groove; the inferior strie moderately strong; pores in the middle of the
posterior portion, marked with deep punctures. Anal segment with tergal plate obtusely angular, not
surpassing the valves; margin of valves not compressed; sternal plate scarcely angular.

Male smaller than female, with coxe of third, fourth, and fifth legs bearing a small protuberance.

Number of segments 35 in 9, 32-37in ¢. Length of 9 23, of ¢ 16 millim.

Hab, Mexico, Sierra de Moyoapan, in the Eastern Cordillera. .
This species seems to be closely allied both to & tylopus and S. atriculus. It

appears, however, to be a much smaller animal, but without definite information as to
the structure cf the copulatory apparatus further comparison is impossible.

SPIROBOLID. 89

The Central-American genera of Spirobolide admitted in the preceding pages may
be distinguished as follows :—

a. Labral setal pores 2+2 on each side; first tergal plate widely
rounded laterally and not extending inferiorly so low as the
infero-lateral portions of the second; a pair of impressions
followed by a striated area (scobinz) present close to the
anterior border of more or fewer of the tergal plates; sternal
plate of copulatory apparatus very large, linguiform, sub-
triangular, its median portion projecting inferiorly as low or
almost as low as the anterior laminz of the coleopods ;
phallopod slender, two-jointed, the terminal segment ending
in a slender seminal style and a broader guard.
b. Summits of anal valves not produced into spiniform processes. Rurnocricus (p. 59).
6'. Summits of anal valves produced into spiniform processes . OxypyceE (p. 73).
a‘. Labral setal pores variable in number, never constantly 2+2 ;
first tergal plate usually narrowed and triangular, never widely
rounded ; no scobine; sternal plate of copulatory apparatus
much smaller, usually narrow and transverse and never ex-
tending inferiorly in the middle line so low as the inferior
admedian angles of the anterior lamine of the coleopods ;
phallopod otherwise formed.
c. Valves of anal segment bent sharply inwards in their posterior
portion and forming at their junction a deep groove or re-
entering angle . . 1. we ew ee ee ee oe). CYCLOTHYROPHORUS (p. 83).
c'. Valves of anal segmeut not bent sharply inwards posteriorly,
their margins usually compressed, not forming a re-entering
angle at their junction.
d. First tergal plate laterally narrowed, triangular, and not
extending inferiorly so low as the infero-lateral portion of
the second ; sternal plate of copulatory apparatus not
laterally bicornuate dorsally,-but slender and narrow . . Spiropowus (p. 74).
d'. First tergal plate less narrowed laterally and extending
inferiorly as low as the infero-lateral portions of the
second, which is thus concealed; sternal plate of copula~
tory apparatus elevated laterally on each side into a stout
cornuate process... . 1 eee ee he ee) SPIROBCLELLUS [p. 86).

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., 4pril 1909. N

90

DIPLOPODA.

Group V. SPIROSTREPTOIDEA.

Elongate vermiform Diplopods resembling the Iuloidea and Spiroboloidea in general form, the segments being

numerous and variable in number, cylindrical and compact, with coalesced sterna, and each, with exception
of the anterior five or six and the last, bearing a pair of scent-pores. Mouth-parts normal, the stipites or
lateral plates of the gnathochilarium well developed and widely separated proximally by the promentum,
but considerably wider proximally than in the Spiroboloidea, the promentum being correspondingly
smaller. Segments 1 to 3 with a single pair of legs; segment 4 apodous; segment 5 with two pairs of
legs. In the male the seminal ducts open upon a double penis behind the legs of the second pair, and the
copulatory apparatus is retractile within the seventh segment. It consists either of distinct coleopods
and phallopods, as in the Spiroboloidea and Iuloidea, or of a single pair of stout distally narrowed and
biramous sclerites, the anterior ramus bearing the seminal duct.

So far as is at present known, the Central-American representatives of this group

are referable to two families, the Spirostreptide and Nannolenide, which may be
distinguished as follows :—

a. Median unpaired plate (promentum) of the gnathochilarium narrowed

a’. Median unpaired plate (promentum) of the gnathochilarium only slightly

distally and continued forwards between the smaller anterior paired
plates (lingual lobes), which are triangular, being broad in front and
varrowed and divergent behind; the anterior portion of the promentum
separated from the posterior larger part by a distinct transverse
membranous line (the so-called suture) ; copulatory organs of the
male consisting on each side of a large stout basal sclerite which
distally divides into two branches, the posterior branch tipped with tactile
setee, the anterior bifid and partially membranous, bearing the seminal

duct . .. . . NANNOLENID.

narrowed distally and not continued forwards between the smaller
anterior paired plates (lingual lobes), which are subquadrate and in
contact almost throughout their length in the middle line ; the promentum
undivided ; copulatory organs of the male consisting very distinctly of
a long posterior limb, the phallopod, and of an anterior complicated

bilaminate apparatus constituting the coleopod . . . . . « SPIROSTREPTIDE.

Fam. SPIROSTREPTIDZ.

Bibliographical research for the correct generic name for the Central-American

species of Spirostreptide shows that the nomenclature of the Neotropical genera of
this family is in a state of confusion, which has arisen partly from the assumption,
only recently abandoned, that the presence of pores upon the fifth segment is a generic
character, partly from the inadequacy of the descriptions and figures of supposed
generic features published by Silvestri, and partly from the pardonable disregard of

Silvestri’s genera by Brélemann, whose work in other respects leaves little to be
desired.

SPIROSTREPTIDA. 91

In Silvestri’s paper the American species which de Saussure and Humbert referred
to the genus Spirostreptus are allocated to the following genera :—

Alloporus, Porat, Ofv. Vet.-Akad. Foérh. 1872, no. 5, p. 43. Type A. dissimilis,
Porat, from South Africa.

Archispirostreptus, Silvestri, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xiv. p. 776 (Apr. 1, 1895).
Type A. gigas, Peters, from E. Africa.

Plusioporus, Silvestri, Boll. Mus. Torino, x. no. 203, p. 10 (Apr. 25th, 1895). Type
P. salvadorit, Silv., from the Argentine.

Urotropis, Silvestri, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xvi. p. 171 (1896). Type U. carinatus,
Porat, from the Cameroons (W. Africa).

Orthoporus, Silvestri, Boll. Mus. Torino, xii. no. 283, p. 7 (March 1, 1897). Type
O. diaporoides, Silv., from Bolivia.

Diaporus, Silvestri, Boll. Mus. ‘Torino, xii. no. 283, p. 8. Type D. americanus,
Silv., from the Argentine.

Epistreptus, Silvestri, Boll. Mus. Torino, xii. no, 303, p. 4 (Oct. 1897). Type
EE. oscenus, Silv., from Ecuador.

Of these, Alloporus, Archispirostreptus, and Urotropis, based upon tropical African
species, may for the present be put aside. :

Of the rest, based upon Neotropical forms, Plustoporus has date priority. It was
separated from Alloporus on the grounds that the phallopod is very long and attenuated
and the first tergal plate is simply sulcate and not inferiorly incurved. But Silvestri’s
conception of Alloporus was taken at that time from a Paraguayan species he described
as A. americanus, in which the phallopod is short and distally laminate, and the first
tergal plate ridged and inferiorly incurved. In the type of <Alloporus, however, the
first tergal plate is not incurved or ridged (carinate) and the copulatory apparatus has
not been described. Realisation of this fact possibly induced Silvestri to establish the
genus Liaporus in 1897 for the species americanus, which he had previously referred
to Alloporus. Now Diaporus was diagnosed as distinguishable from Orthop rus by
the presence of pores upon the fifth segment; but since this is not a generic character,
as Brolemann has shown, and since Orthoporus has page priority over Diaporus, it
follows that Diaporus is a synonym of Orthoporus.

Epistreptus, apart from certain characters rather of specific than of generic value,
was based upon the structure of the phallopod, which is distally bipartite, one branch
being attenuated, the other laminate with a long attenuated process above the base
externally.

Silvestri’s genera are resolvable as follows: —

Plusioporus with the phallopod long, attenuated, and not branched.

Orthoporus with the phallopod shorter and distally laminate, but not otherwise

branched.

Epistreptus with the phallopod long and at least biramous, or two-branched.
N2

92 DIPLOPODA.

Now Brélemann (Revista Mus. Paulista, v. 1902) proposed three subgeneric names for
certain South-American species of this group: |

Scaphiostreptus (loc. cit. p. 150). Type: the species from Bahia identified by
Brélemann as S. fuscipes, Porat, in which the phallopod terminates distally in a
vase-shaped lamina, from the interior of which emerges the seminal style.

Gymnostreptus (loc. cit. p. 153). Type G. perfidus, Brol., from Sao Paulo, which
has the phallopod long, attenuated, and unbranched, although in other species
it may be branched on the distal side of the seminal sinus.

Cladostreptus (loc. cit. p. 166). Type C. sebastianus, Brél., from Sao Paulo, a
species in which the phallopod is distinctly biramous (two-branched), the
accessory branch arising on the proximal side of the seminal sinus.

he synonymical conclusions I deduce from the above-given analysis are as

follows :—

1. Gymnostreptus is a synonym of Plusioporus.
2. Scaphiostreptus is a synonym of Orthoporus.
3. Cladostreptus is a synonym of Epistreptus.

With regard to the first two, 1 do not think there can be any doubt. In the case
of the third an element of doubt is introduced by the possibility that the branching of
the phallopod described in the type of Kpistreptus may be of the nature that
Brélemann has described in some of the species he referred to Gymnostreptus. In that
case Cladostreptus will stand and not sink as a synonym of Epistreptus.

The fate of the South-American species referred by Silvestri to the genera Archi-
spirostreptus and Urotropis must be left unsettled until a careful comparison has been
made between the African and Neotropical representatives of this group to see if they
be congeneric or not. It may be added, however, that the phallopod of Urotropis
carinatus, Porat (Bih. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. xx. pt. iv. no. 5, t. 5. fig. 50, 1894),
resembles that of Orthoporus, except that it bears a long accessory branch. This is not
the case in the species from Bolivia named Archispirostreptus cameraniit (Boll. Mus.
Torino, x. no. 203, p. 9, 1895), which Silvestri: subsequently referred to Urotropis
(Boll. Mus. Torino, xii. no. 283, p. 6, 1897) on account of the compressed and carinate
nature of the dorsal surface of the anal tergal plate, this character being no doubt of
specific and not of generic value.

As for the species referred to Archispirostreptus, some of them at all events do
not appear to be generically separable from Plusioporus, since the presence of
pores on the fifth segment is apparently the only distinctive feature of the last-
named; and it may be that Plusioporus is a synonym of Archispirostreptus. Ccm-
parison between the African and American species will show. But Archispirostreptus
itself may possibly have to give place to Alloporus. The types of these two so-called

ORTHOPORUS. 93

genera are African; and the type of Alloporus was only dismembered by Porat
from the African species he referred to Spirostreptus, a species to which Silvestri
subsequently. gave the name -Archispirostreptus, because it possesses pores on the
fifth segment. If this reasoning prove to be correct, the following synonymy will be
established: Alloporus = Archispirostreptus = Plusioporus = Gymnostreptus. And if,
following Brédlemann’s example, we refer all the Neotropical species to one genus
with or without subgenera, that genus may have to take the name Alloporus. For
the present at all events, however, since the subdivisions proposed by Brolemann
appear to be definable forms, at least so far as the males are concerned, they may be
accorded generic rank, All the Central-American species that he has recorded and
that I have seen fall into his subgenus Scaphiostreptus, a section for which the
oldest name appears to be Orthoporus.

ORTHOPORUS.
Orthoporus, Silvestri, Boll. Mus. Torino, xii. no. 283, p. 7 (1897).
Diaporus, id. ibid. p. 8.
Scaphiostreptus, Brélemann, Revista Mus. Paulista, v. p. 150 (1902).

Characters as above.

Distribution. Central and South America.

The Central-American species of this genus, hitherto recorded, resemble one
another tolerably closely in external features, the principal superficial distinctions being
differences of size, number of segments, and density of sculpturing. But within
the limits of a single species considerable variation in these three particulars is met
with. Even the leading character made use of in the analytical key, namely, the
presence or absence of pores upon the fifth segment of the body, is difficult of
detection in all cases, especially in those species where the pores are small and
inconspicuous on all the segments. As is frequently the case in Diplopods, the best
distinguishing features appear to be supplied by the copulatory apparatus of the males ;
but in cases where the structure of this organ is unrecorded it is impossible to determine
with certainty and accurately to locate, according to their affinities, the Central-
American species described by de Saussure and Humbert and Karsch. When the types
of these are re-examined, it may be found that the species described as new by Brdle-
mann and myself are in some cases the same as those established by our predecessors.

The seven species of this genus, of which I have seen examples, may be distinguished
as follows :—

a. Pores present upon the fifth segment of the body.

6. Inferior portion of the first tergal plate somewhat abruptly inflected, the
inflected area defined above by a distinct cariniform ridge, which ends behind
in a smooth subtuberculiform prominence ; the succeeding tergal plates also
strongly ridged ; anal sternal plate with posterior border scarcely angled.

94 -DIPLOPODA.

c. Stouter; segments very finely and closely punctured and rugulose ; anal
tergal plate ending behind in a distinct tuberculiform process defined by a
decided depression . 2. 1. ew ew ee ee et

c'. Thinner; segments more coarsely punctured and rugose; anal tergal plate

typotopyge.

not ending behind in a distinct tuberculiform process . . . . « « « chiriquensis.
6‘. Inferior portion of first tergal plate not abruptly inflected, not distinctly ridged,
less deeply sulcate ; anal sternal plate more distinctly angled. . . . . « palinensis.
a’. Pores beginning upon the sixth segment.
d. Inferior portion of the first tergal plate strongly inflected and defined above oye a
ridge ending in a tuberculiform prominence . . leapensis.
d’. Inferior portion of the first tergal plate at most only lightly inflected and not
strongly ridged.
e. Number of segments 77 to 79; length varying from about 80 to 90 mm. ;
sculpturing of the segments intermediate between that of the two
following species. . . . . . . we ee ew ee ee ee mule nsis.
. Number of segments varying from about 50 to 60; length (3) about
50 mm.
f. Sculpturing of the dorsal portion of the posterior half of the segments
coarse, consisting of punctures and anastomosing longitudinal ridges
and punctures; the area just in front of the sulcus merely punctured
and sharply defined by the fineness of its sculpturing from the posterior
area behind the sulcus . . 2. 1. ee ee ee ew ee ee Stratus.
jf’. Sculpturing of the dorsal portion of the segments consisting merely of
punctures; the area immediately in front of the suleus and the whole
area behind it alike in sculpturing . 2. . 2. ee 6 ee ee ee) 6Cordovanus.

In the following table an attempt has been made to show how the males of various
species in which the copulatory apparatus has been examined and figured may be
separated from each other :—

a. Anterior lamina of coleopod with its distal extremity projecting forwards as a
rounded prominence ; the laminate expansion of the phallopod small and leaving
the seminal style (flagellum) to a great extent exposed . . . . - « « confragosus.
a’. Anterior lamina of coleopod with its distal extremity not turned forwards,
simply rounded, truncate or emarginate at the apex, the laminate expansion of
the phallopod large and overiapping the seminal style.
6. Distal extremity of posterior lamina running out externally into a long and
sharp spiniform process, which is scarcely defined by any basal constriction
from the part of the lamina which bears it.
ce. Distal extremity of the posterior lamina of the coleopod crescentic, its upper
edge evenly concave, its lower evenly convex ; ramus of upcurled portion
of phallopod comparatively straight . . . . . . . . «© « « « « chirigquensis.
c’. Distal extremity of the posterior lamina with strongly geniculate infero-
internal angle, the inner and lower edges not forming an evenly convex
curve; the spiniform process stouter; upcurled ramus of phallopod spirally
twisted . 2 1 6 wee ew ee we we ew we ee. Striatulus.

ORTHOPORUS.,

b’. Distal extremity of the posterior lamina of the coleopod not running out
into a long sharp spiniform process; the external process, when present,
short, usually stout, and commonly much narrower at the base than the
part of the lamina which bears it.

d. A. rounded lamella projecting obliquely and externally from the distal end of
the posterior lamina of the coleopod near its external margin . .

. No rounded lamella projecting from the anterior surface of the distal end of
the posterior lamina of the coleopod.

e. Distal end of the posterior lamina of the coleopod laterally compressed
and bearing externally a stout blunt process which projects at right
angles to it. oe . . woe ee ee

. Distal end of the posterior lamina of the coleopod antero-posteriorly
compressed, and usually expanded and lamelliform.

f, A sharp and slender spine projecting obliquely outwards and down-
wards from near the supero-external angle of the elliptically expanded
termination of the posterior lamina of the coleopod . . .

jf‘. A process, when present in the above-mentioned position, stout or
slender, but projecting upwards or upwards and outwards.

g. A short stout process projecting at right angles to the long axis of
the lamina from the supero-lateral angle of its rounded lamellate
distalend. 2... . ww ee ee ee

g'. When a process projects from the above-mentioned position it is
directed obliquely upwards.

h. The distal end of the lamina but little expanded, but bearing
externally a stout and strong upwardly curled hook. the external
edge of which forms a continuous curve with the inferior edge
of the part from which it arises , re
. Distal end of the lamina more expanded, not bearing a stout

curved hook.

i. Distal end of the lamina bearing a very short and stout process
on the infero-external angle of its expandedend . . .

7‘. Distal end of the lamina bearing externally a slender sub-
cylindrical subspiniform process.

k, This process arising obliquely upwards and outwards from
the supero-external angle of the rounded lamellate ex-
pansion, which has an evenly convex inner, lower, and
outer edge er er

k*, This process arising from near the middle of the outer edge
of the lamellate expansion, the infero-internal edge of
which is obliquely cut away

1. Orthoporus typotopyge.

omalopyge.

amulensis.

teapensis.

cordovanus.

palmensis.

typotopyge.

montezume.

rodriguezt.

Spirostreptus (Scaphiostreptus) typotypyge, Brodlemann, Ann. Soe. Ent. France, Ixxiv. p. 359, t. 9.

fig. 17 (1905) ?.

Colour: clive-black, the segments bordered with ferruginous; legs and antenne ferruginons.

96 DIPLOPODA.

Head and first tergal plate smooth. Inferior area of first plate abruptly incurved and marked with ridges
defined by grooves, the superior ridge forming a cariniform crest with a somewhat tuberculiform posterior
enlargement. The crests on the succeeding segments thick. Posterior half of segments and area
of anterior half immediately in front of the groove very finely and closely punctured. Pores beginning
on the fifth segment. Anal segment with tergal plate marked posteriorly with a transverse depression
marking off a somewhat nodular caudal prominence, which scarcely covers the summit of the valves;
the latter with strongly compressed and prominent edges; sternal plate with posterior edge almost
straight.

Number of segments 57-65.

Length, according to Brélemann, up to 121 millim., with a width of 7:20.

Hab. Mexico, Ciudad in Durango (Forrer); Costa Rica, La Palma, Surubres near

San Mateo, Caché (Biolley !), Cariblanco (Lankester *).

The brief diagnosis given above is taken from a single female example, collected by
Forrer at Ciudad, which, judging from the description, is indistinguishable from the
specimens from Costa Rica assigned by Brélemann to O. typotopyge. ‘This specimen
has 57 segments, and about 75 mm. in length and 6°8 in width. According to
Brélemann, the anterior lamina of the coleopod in the male is inferiorly ewarginate ;
and the posterior lamina is distally expanded into an antero-posteriorly compressed

plate, with strongly convex lower edge, and produced externally into a short, blunt,
upwardly directed process.

2. Orthoporus palmensis.
Spirostreptus (Scaphiostreptus) typotopyge palmensis, Brolemann, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixxiv.
p. 362, t. 9. fig. 18 (1905) ?.

Hab. Costa Rica, La Palma (Diolley ').

Described by Brélemann as easily distinguishable from the typical form of O. typo-
topyge, of which he considered it to be a subspecies, by having the inferior angles of
the first tergal plate less sharply incurved and marked with shallower grooves, by
having the sculpture of the segments coarser and more striolate, and by certain details
in the structure of the copulatory apparatus—for example, the anterior plate of the
coleopod is distally rounded, instead of being slightly concave, and the external process
of the distal end of the posterior plate is slenderer and a little longer. The figures
of this apparatus in the two forms show, however, very marked differences in the latter
respect, for the whole distal extremity of the plate in question is shorter and much less
expanded in O. palmensis than in O. typotopyge, and the external process in the former
has the form of a strong, stout, upcurled hook, whereas in the latter it is merely a
short, blunt projection. It appears also from the description that the posterior end of
the anal tergal plate is less lobate and less sharply defined by the transverse groove, and
that the margins of the anal valves, although compressed, are defined by a shallower
depression in O. palmensis than is the case in O. typotopyge. ‘These facts, coupled
with the circumstance that specimens of the two forms were taken together at

ORTHOPORUS. 97

La Palma at an altitude of 1600 metres, induce me to regard them as specifically and
not as subspecifically distinct.

Number of segments 51-57. Length from about 70 or less to 97 millim., average
width from about 5°5-6°5 millim.

In Mr. Godman’s collection there are a number of female specimens I refer to this
species, taken in Costa Rica by Rogers, and also others found at La Palma by Tristan
and Biolley.

3. Orthoporus chiriquensis, sp. n. (Tab. VIII. fig. 2.)

3. Colour (in alcohol) olivaceous with ferruginous posterior borders to the segments; legs and antenne
ferruginous or ochraceous.

Head and first tergal plate smooth. Inferior portion of the first plate abruptly incurved almost at right
angles to the outer surface and marked with four ridges, the upper of which is strong and cariniform,
and ends posteriorly in a rounded tuberculiform enlargement ; the anterior angle rectangularly acute; the
posterior angle also rectangularly rounded. Inferior edge of exposed segment of mandible lightly
emarginate. The lateral ridges in the succeeding segments thick. The posterior area of the segments
finely and closely punctured and substriolate and the adjoining area of the anterior portion in front of the
transverse groove similarly punctured, so that these areas are not sharply demarcated by the nature
of the sculpturing. Pores beginning on the fifth segment. Tergal plate of anal segment short, longi-
tudinally convex above; not covering the summit of the valves, which have prominent, compressed
margins,

Anterior lamina of coleopod long, its inferior edge quadrate; posterior lamina with its inferior portion antero-
posteriorly compressed, forming a somewhat crescentic lamina which runs externally into a longish
slender spiniform process,

Number of segments 57-60.

Length 85 millim., width 5°5.

Ilab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion),

In many characters, especially in the abrupt incurvature and the thickness of the
upper crest of the inferior portion of the first tergal plate, this species resembles
O. typotopyge of Brdlemann. ‘The specimens of it, however, that I have seen differ
from the one example here referred to O. typotopyge in being more coarsely punctured
and in having the whole anal segment shorter, the tergal plate being more convex
above, the depression less marked, and the caudal area behind it much less prominent
and tuberculiform. |

Especially does 0. chiriquensis differ from O. typotopyge in the form of the inferior
portion of the posterior lamina of the coleopod, which is crescentic and produced into

a long and slender spine.

4. Orthoporus teapensis, sp. n. (Tab. VIII. fig. 4.)

3. Colour (in alcohol) banded black and ferruginous; legs and antennex yellowish.

Head and first tergal plate nearly smooth. ‘The first tergal plate, however, distinctly rugose in its postero-
lateral portions, its inferior area inflected and marked with about four ridges, the upper of which ends
posteriorly in a strong cariniform tubercle; the anterior angle of this plate rectangular, the posterior
obtusely rounded. Inferior edge of basal segment of mandible emarginate, the posterior lobe of the
emargination acute but not much produced. Ridges on the segments immediately following the first
thick, nearly as wide as the intervening spaces. The posterior area of the segments rugulose, very closely

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., April 1909. )

98 DIPLOPODA.

and finely punctured and striate. The posterior portion of the anterior part of the segments similarly
but a little more finely sculptured. Pores beginning on the sixth segment. Anal segment with its tergal
plate longitudinally flat above, not covering the summit of the valves, which have compressed margins ;
sternal plate lightly convex along its posterior margin. Antertor lamina of coleopod short, its distal
end narrowed and rounded. Distal end of posterior lamina elliptically rounded, antero-posteriorly com-
pressed, and armed externally with a slender spiniform process, which projects obliquely downwards
and outwards.
9. Antero-inferior angle of first tergal plate slightly less prominent ; exposed segment of mandible smaller.

Number of segments 62-64 (9), 65 (¢).
Length @ 82 millim., width about 6; ¢ 96 millim., width 6.

Ilab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

5. Orthoporus amulensis, sp. n. (Tab. VIII. fig. 5.)

? Spirostreptus fraternus, Sauss. (cf. infra).

$. Colour (in alechol) dark brown, the segments obscurely banded, the anterior part being blackish and the
posterior ferruginous ; anal segment blackish ; legs and antenne yellowish.

Head and first tergal plate smooth. Inferior portion of the first plate not markedly incurved, marked with
about four ridges, the upper of which is not posteriorly tubercular. The anterior angle rectangular,
subacute, the posterior obtusely rounded. Lower margin of basal segment of mandible emarginate, the
posterior lobe acute. The crests of the succeeding segments fine, narrower than the spaces between
them. Posterior half of segments thickly punctured, finely ridged in front behind the sulcus; in front
of the sulcus the anterior part is finely punctured, so that the two areas of the segments are marked off
from each other by the difference in the coarseness of the sculpturing ; the distinction, however, is less
marked than in O. striatulus and more marked than in O. cordovanus. Pores beginning on the sixth
segment. Anal tergal plate longitudinally convex above; obtusely rounded posteriorly and not covering
the summit of the valves, which have compressed margins ; anal sternal plate obtusely rounded. Anterior
lamina of coleopod long, its inner distal angle slightly produced; distal end of posterior lamina laterally
compressed, and produced externally into a short, blunt process.

Q a little larger than ¢, with infero-anterior angles of the first tergal plate obtusely rounded, and the inferior
édge of the basal segment of the mandible emarginate.

Number of segments 77-79.

Total length of adult from about 80 to 90 millim., width 4 to 4:5.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (//. H. Smith).

This species may prove to be the same as the one described by de Saussure as
Spirostreptus fraternus, as is forcibly suggested by the dimensions and the number
of segments.

6. Orthoporus cordovanus, sp.n. (Tab. VIII. fig. 3.)

? Spirostreptus otomitus, Sauss. (cf. infra).

6. Prevailing colour (in alcohol) olive-brown, with the posterior border of the terga ferruginous; legs and
antennee yellowish. .

Head and first tergal plate smooth. Lateral portion of first plate not noticeably incurved, marked with four
‘strong grooves and ridges, the latter, however, not showing tuberculiform enlargements on the posterior
edge; posterior angle obtusely rounded; anterior angle rectangular and subacute. Inferior edge of basal
segment of mandible emarginate, but the posterior lobe of the emargination not produced below the level
of the anterior, and not rounded but subacute. Pores beginning on the sixth segment. Exposed area of

_ median portion and the posterior portions of segments finely and uniformly punctulate and striolate.
Anal valves compressed ; anal sternal plate widely and obtusely rounded, not acute.

ORTHOPORUS. 99

Anterior lamina of coleopod somewhat short ; posterior lamina widely rounded inferiorly, with a short tooth-
like process projecting at right angles to its longitudinal axis.

Number of segments 49.

~ Length about 50 millim., width about 4 millim. or a little over.

IIub. Mexico, Cordova (Mus. Brit.).

A single typical example in the British Museum, received in 1861.

One of the localities given for de Saussure’s Spirostreptus otomitus was Cordova.
This fact suggests that at all events some of the specimens he described under that
name may have belonged to the same species as the type of O. cordovanus; but there
can be no certainty on this point.

7. Orthoporus striatulus, sp.n. (Tab. VIII. fig. 1.)

3. Colour (in alcohol) a tolerably uniform brown; antenne and legs yellow-brown.

Head and first tergal plate smooth. Inferior portion of the first plate not noticeably incurved, marked by
four ridges separated by wide grooves; posterior angle obtusely rounded ; anterior angle slightly obtuse.
Inferior edge of exposed segment of mandible with its posterior angle somewhat strongly produced and
widely rounded. Pores beginning on the sixth segment. Exposed area of median portion of segments
finely punctulated and sharply defined from the posterior area, which is covered with a coarse sculpturing
of anastomosing ridges separated by finely punctured grooves, the lateral strive almost losing themselves
dorsally in the sculpturing. Anal valves compressed; anal sternite obtusely rounded. Anterior lamina
of coleopod elongate ; posterior lamina inferiorly angular and produced externally into a long attenuate
spiniform process.

Number of segments 61.

Length about 50 millim. or less, width about 4.

Hab. Mexico, Tuxtla.

A single male specimen in the British Museum, received in 1861.

‘The only other member of this genus previously recorded from Tuxtla is O. otomitus,
Sauss. (cf. infra), which, however, appears to differ from O. striatudus very decidedly
in the less coarse sculpturing of the segments. |

There are several places named “ 'Tuxtla” in Mexico, so that the two species may
be from different localities. .

The following species are known to me only from figures and descriptions :—

8. Orthoporus montezume.

Julus montezume, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 380 (1859) * ; id. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 372,
t. 6. fig. 39 (1860) ? ; Gervais, Voy. de ‘Castelnau,’ Myr. et Scorp. p. 24°.

? Spirostrepius montezume, Sauss. & Humb. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 69 (1872) *.

? Spirostreptus montezume, Voges, Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xxxi. t. 18. fig. 33 (1878) (fig. only) °.

Colour (dried) yellow, banded with brown, probably blackish when alive. Body very long and slender.

Head rugulose inferiorly. Antenne long and slender in both sexes, not compressed, reaching to the fifth or
sixth segment of the body. First tergal plate marked laterally with three large oblique ridges and some
very short grooves behind, the anterior border lightly emarginate above the anterior angle, which is almost
rectangular; the posterior angle rounded. Ridges on the anterior segments strongly pronounced, but
becoming gradually weaker and weaker posteriorly. Transverse sulci well marked. Segments punctured

02

100 DIPLOPODA.

..and shagreened. Anal teryal plate short, obtusely angled, not overlapping the valves, the edges of which
are prominent; sternal plate with posterior border obtuse.
Number of segments 72 ¢, 75 Q.
Length up to 133 millim., width &.

Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz, Orizaba !~+,

It is very doubtful if the specimen from the temperate parts of Mexico, doubtfully
referred by de Saussure and Humbert to 0. montezume in 1572, belonged in reality
to that species. Amongst other differences that were pointed out, it may be noticed
that it had only 64 segments.

It is also, I think, open to doubt whether the specimen identified by Voges as
O. montezume was correctly named. This author gives a good figure of the copulatory
apparatus, which seems to show that the species examined, whatever its name,
differs from all the other Central-American forms here enumerated. His figure
shows that the distal portion of the posterior lamina of the coleopod was expanded,
antero-posteriorly compressed, with evenly rounded inferior edge and angles as in
O. cordovanius, with a very similar external spiniform process; but this process instead
of projecting at right angles to the long axis of the lamina as in Q. cordovanus projects
upwards and slightly outwards.

Since de Saussure says nothing about the presence or absence of the pores of the
fifth segment in this species, it is impossible to guess at its place in the first of the two
analytical keys given above. But his description of the ridges on the anterior tergal
plates suggests that O. montezume may resemble O. typotopyge, O. chiriquensis, and
O. teapensis in this particular. |

9. Orthoporus otomitus.

Julus otomitus, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 330 (1859) '; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 374, t. 6.
fig. 40 (1860)?; Gervais, Voy. de ‘ Castelnau,’ Myr. et Scorp. p. 24°.

Spirostreptus otomitus, Sauss. & Humb. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 69, t. 3. fig. 1 (1872) *.

Closely allied to O. montezuma, but with the antenne much shorter, not reaching beyond the third segment

of the body and compressed.

Head smooth inferiorly. First teryal plate with its inferior portion a little incurved (se repliant presque en
dessous), bearing three or four strong folds or ridges separated by deep grooves, the anterior angle
obtuse, the margin not concave just above it; posterior angle less widely rounded than in O. montezume,
judging from the figures. Segments punctured and striolate; the lateral longitudinal sulci less strong
than in O. montezume. Anal tergal plate more obtuse posteriorly and the valves less compressed.

Number of segments 55-59.
Length not given, but said to be less than that of O. montezume.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova, Vera Cruz, San Andres Tuxtla 1~*.

This species was based upon female specimens, adult and immature.

The figures and description supply so many characters by which O. otomitus may be
distinguished from O. montezume that there seem to be no good reasons for adopting
the suggestion made by de Saussure and Humbert in 1872 that the former was based

ORTHOPORUS. TOL

upon immature examples of the latter, especially since de Saussure’s words, ‘‘ Nous
possédons 8 individus de cette espéce [O. otomitus], mais la plupart jeunes....,”
leads to the inference that he had adult females of this species as he also had of

O. montezume.
Nothing is known about the pores of the fifth segment either in this species or in

the following, O. fraternus.

10. Orthoporus fraternus.
Julus fraternus, Sauss. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 374, t. 6. fig. 40 (1860) °.
? Spirostreptus fraternus, Sauss. & Humb. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 70 (1872) °.

Closely allied to O. montezume, but smaller and more slender, with the antenne short and shaped as in
O. otomitus, the third. fourth, and fifth segments being short. The ridges and grooves on the lower part
of the anterior segments less pronounced than in O. montezume. Anal teryal plate so obtuse that it
ceases to be terminated by an angle.

Number of segments 75.

Length 84 millim., width 4.
flab. Mexico, Yautepec.

This species was based upon a single female example.

In 1872 de Saussure and Humbert doubtfully referred to O. fraternus a specimen
from Mexico, but without definite locality, which had the anal tergal plate more
angular and possessed only 63 segments. It was 66 millim. in length and 4 in

width.

11. Orthoporus confragosus.

Spirostreptus confragosus, Karsch, Zeitschr. Ges. Naturw. (8) vi. p. 44 (1881)'.

Spirostreptus (Scaphiostreptus) confragosus, Brélemann, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, lxxiv. p. 367, t. 9.
fig. 20, and t. 10. fig. 21 (1905) ’.

Colour brownish-black or olive-black, with the last segment and the ventral surface paler brown; the antennie
and legs yellowish. First tergal plate with its postero-inferior angle widely convex and but little
marked ; the anterior angle produced, more strongly so in the male than in the female, the margin above
the angle slightly or more strongly concave; the inferior portion incurved and defined above by a ridge
marked by the first groove, beneath which are many (6 or 8) longer and shorter grooves. Segments
strongly suleate, the area behind the groove and immediately in front of it densely and deeply sculptured
with punctuation and striole, the latter running for the most part longitudinally. Pores small, beginning
on the sixth segment. Last segment finely shagreened and more coarsely sculptured than the preceding
segment; tergal plate feebly angular, and valves with strong marginal depression.

In the male the inferior angle of the mandible is somewhat strongly produced. ‘The copulatory apparatus is
different from that of all the Central-American species in which this organ is known in that the distal
portion of the anterior lamina of the coleopods is produced forwards into a thick roundish projection ;
the posterior lamina bearing distally and externally a long, stout, bluntly-pointed process, projecting
obliquely upwards and outwards from the inferior angle, which is not rounded, but geniculate and nearly
rectangular. The peculiarity of the phallopod lies in the fact that the distal laminate enlargement is
reduced to a narrow gutter leaving free a large part of the seminal style, which is stout and apically
twisted.

Number of segments 61-66.

Length 78 millim. (¢) to 91(9), width 43 (3) to 5:8 (2).

102 DIPLOPODA.

Hab. Costa Rica1, San José (Biolley *).

The above-given diagnosis has been taken direct from Brolemann’s description.
Karsch’s description taken from the type from Costa Rica furnishes no reason for
doubting that Brélemann’s identification of his specimens was correct.

This is evidently a very distinct species from the rest of the known Central-
American Orthopori, especially in the form of the copulatory apparatus. Of the
species known to me, the description seems to suggest similarity in certain particulars
to OQ. striatulus, especially perhaps in the shape of the mandible in the male and the
sculpturing of the posterior area of the terga. But in O. striatulus the infero-lateral
portion of the first tergal plate is scarcely incurved and its anterior angle is obtuse and
not produced. In the incurvature of the infero-lateral portion of the first tergal
plate and its definition by a distinct ridge, as well as in the absence of pores from the
fifth segment, similarity may be traced to O. teapensis from ‘Tabasco ; but the antero-
inferior angle of the first plate is less produced in the latter and the copulatory
apparatus is of quite a different form.

12. Orthoporus ampussis.

Spirostreptus ampussis, Karsch, Zeitschr. Ges. Naturw. (3) vi. pp. 438, 44 (1881) ".

Colour black.

Head smooth above, rugose below. First terqal plate more widely rounded laterally than in O. confragosus,
with 4-5 oblique sulci. Segments deeply sulcate, the upper surface punctate posteriorly. Anal tergal
plate rugose, angularly rounded, not surpassing the valves, which have the margins narrowly com-
pressed.

Number of segments and measurements unrecorded.

Hab. Mexico, Puebla}.

The description of this species furnishes no data by which it can be compared with
other Mexican forms,

13. Orthoporus feste.
Plusioporus festé, Silvestri, Boll. Mus. Torino, xi. no. 254, p. 3 (1896) °.

Colour reddish-black ; antenne and legs reddish or reddish-black.

First tergal plate with its infero-lateral portion defined by a keel-like ridge and trisulcate beneath it ;
the anterior angle acute, but, rounded, the posterior obtuse. Anterior segments laterally carinate.
Dorsal surface of the segments very minutely punctulate; the sulcus deep. Pores beginning on
the fifth segment. Anal tergal plate but little angled; anal valves marginate; sternal plate short,
wide, rounded.

Number of segments 49-54.

Length from 60-90 millim., width from 4-7.

Hab. Panama, Isthmus of Darien, Punta Sabana (festa ').

This species was referred to the genus Plustoporus by Silvestri, but since only the
female was known there appear to me to be no reasons for separating it generically

ORTHOPORWS. 103

from Orthoporus. Silvestri regarded the presence of pores on the fifth segment as
a generic feature; but I entirely agree with Brélemann’s view that it has merely a
specific significance, so far, at all events, as the Central-American species of Spiro-
streptide are concerned.

Judging from the presence of pores upon the fifth segment and of a cariniform
ridge on the lateral portion of the first tergal plate, O. feste would fall under
Section “5” of the first analytical key given above. Of the two species under this
heading, it apparently approaches O. chiriquensis in the form of the anal segment,
and the two may be identical. Silvestri, however, makes no mention of the marked
inflection of the inferior portion of the first tergal plate which is so noticeable in both
sexes of O. chiriquensis, and further states that the head of O. feste is marked with a
pair of tolerably deep circular foveze near the antenne, which are not present in
O. chiriquensis.

14. Orthoporus rodriguezi.

Spirostreptus rodriguezit, Brélemann, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xiii. p. 104, t. 6. fig. 47, and t. 7.
fig. 58 (1900) °.

Spirostreptus (Scaphiostreptus) rodriguezi, Brolemann, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xxix. p.190 (1904) *;
Ann. Soc. Ent. France, xxiv. p. 862 (1905) *.

According to Brélemann’s latest remarks upon this species it may be distinguished from O. typotopyge by the
absence of pores upon the fifth segment, by being much smaller and slenderer, by having the posterior
area of the segments less striolate and more visibly punctured—not because the punctures are coarser, but
because the areas between them are less sculptured,—and by having the depression that defines the
margins of the anal valves wider and deeper. A further difference is furnished by the shape of the distal
portion of the posterior lamina of the coleopod, which has its inner angle obliquely cut away, and its
external edge bearing a short but slender and subcylindrical spiniform process, which is divided obliquely
upwards and outwards. ‘This process is much thinner than that of O. palmensis,

Number of segments 65-68.

Length up to 80 millim., width not more than 4.

Hab, Guatema.a (Rodriguez 3).

Subsp. coriaceus,
Spirostreptus rodriguezi, var. coriaceus, Brélemann, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xii. p. 106 (1900) *.
This subspecies was based upon a single female example, with the same history as the typical form, but
_ differing from it in being markedly more rugose, in having the anterior border of the lateral portion of
the first tergal plate lightly concave and the angle rectangular instead of obtusely angled, with the sulci
above it weaker. The body, finally, is shorter and thicker.

Number of segments 63.
Length 60 millim.; width 4°30,

15. Orthoporus omalopyge.
Spirostreptus (Scaphiostreptus) omalopyge, Brélemann, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixxiv. p. 365, t. 9.
fig. 19 (1905) °.

In possessing pores upon the fifth segment this species falls into the same category as O. typotopyge and

~

104 DIPLOPODA.

O. palmensis. Brélemann, unfortunately, does not make his description comparative, and does not state
clearly and concisely how this species may be distinguished from the others in the female sex. It appears
to be most nearly allied to O. palmensis, but has the margins of the anal valves indistinctly compressed.
The structure of the copulatory organ, however, serves to distinguish it at once from beth, for the distal
portion of the posterior lamina of the coleopod is less rounded and expanded and bears externally on its
anterior face a broad roundish process which diverges at an oblique angle from the external edge, and
the latter is not produced into a definite anguliform or spiniform process.

Number of segments 57-64.

Length from 50 (¢) to 83 (2) millim., width from 3°30 ( ¢) to 4°80 (@).

Hab. Costa Rica, La Palma, Carrillo, Caché (Biolley +).

Fam. NANNOLENIDA.

Divergent as this family appears to be from the Spirostreptide, the interval between
them is to a great extent bridged by genera from various parts of the tropics. Physio-
streptus, for example, described by Silvestri from Ecuador and made the type of the
family Physiostreptide (Boll. Mus. Torino, xvili. no. 453, p. 14, 1903), has the
copulatory apparatus constructed as in the Nannolenide and Pseudonannolenide, with
the legs of the first pair in the male reduced to a single clawless segment in addition
to the coxo-sternal plate; but the gnathochilarinm is constructed as in the Spiro-
streptide. In the species described by Silvestri (op. cit. p. 9) as Lulomorpha chilensis,
on the other hand, the copulatory organs have apparently distinct coleopods and phallo-
pods as in the Spirostreptide, but the gnathochilarium is like that of Epinannolene,
and, judging from Bollman’s description, the same is true of the North-American genus
Cambala.

Silvestri appears to regard the gnathochilarium as supplying characters of higher
systematic value than the copulatory apparatus, for he associates the Physiostreptide
with the Spirostreptide in the Spirostreptoidea, and refers Nannolene ( Epinannolene)
to the Cambaloidea. But it may be doubted if this opinion is sound, in view of the
eradational variation towards the Spirostreptoid type of gnathochilarium presented by
various genera of Cambaloidea. Jor example, in the tropical Old-World ‘genera
Glyphiulus, Trachyiulus, Cambalopsis, and Cambalomorpha (grouped as Cambalopside
by Cook in 1895, and as Trachyiulide by Silvestri in 1896) the anterior portion of the
promentum which separates the lingual lobes is narrow and not separated from the
main part of the sclerite—that is to say, the gnathochilarium in these forms nearly
approaches the mean between that of the Spirostreptide and that of the genera
Cambala, Nannolene, Epinannolene, and Lulomorpha, the Cambalide of Bollman, in
which the anterior portion is defined behind by a membranous line or joint; and in
the latter the gnathochilarium similarly lies nearly midway in point of structure
between that of the Cambalopside and that of the genus Pseudonannolene, the type of
the family Pseudonaunolenide, in which the anterior part of the promentum is not only
separated posteriorly but is also wider and longitudinally bipartite.

NANNOLENIDA. 105

These facts, taken in conjunction with somewhat similar gradational variation in
the structure of the copulatory apparatus exemplified by Spirostreptus, Iulomorpha
(chilensis), and Pseudonannolene, make it hardly possible to maintain the Cambaloidea
as a group equivalent to the Spirostreptoidea. In this monograph, therefore, I have
merely given family rank to the Central-American Cambaloid genus Hpinannolene.

Since it is highly possible that some, perhaps all, of the American Spirostreptoid
genera referred by Cook to the Cambaloidea (Ann. N. York Acad. Sci. ix. p. 6, 1895)
will be discovered in Central America, I subjoin a key for their identification—using,
without prejudice, the family names that have been proposed by my predecessors.
The gnathochilarium has been taken as a basis for the classification, because it enables
the females as well as the males to be distinguished :—

a. Lingual lobes of gnathochilarium large, quadrate, and in contact
throughout their length in the middle line as in the Spirostreptide ;
anterior legs of male with only one free clawless segment; copula~
tory apparatus as in Nannolenide and Pseudonannolenide . . . PHysiostTREPTIDE
(PHYSIOSTREPTUS).
a’. Lingual lobes of gnathochilarium narrowed posteriorly and separated
throughout their length by a forward prolongation of the pro-
mentum, which is separated by a joint from the posterior portion
of the plate.
6. Anterior prolongation of the promentum narrow and entire.
c. Segments of the body strongly carinate; eyes in a single series ;
copulatory apparatus with flagellum . . . . . «+ . . CaAmBaLip# (CaMBALA).
". Segments without trace of keels; eyes multiserial . . . . NANNOLENIDA.
- Copulatory apparatus with flagellum (? with distinct coleopods
and phallopods) ; legs of first pair 4—5-jointed and clawless ;
no pores on the fifth segment . . . . . . . . ». . IvLomorpHa.
da’, Copulatory apparatus consisting of a pair of biramous sclerites
without flagellum. (? NaNNOLENE.)
e. No pores on the fifth segment; anterior leg of male clawless. NanNoLene.
e'. Pores present on the fifth segment; anterior leg of male
withaclaw. . . . Lo . EPINANNOLENE.
6‘. Anterior prolongation of the promentinm wide and longitudinally
bipartite ; copulatory apparatus as in Hpinannolene, and pores upon
the fifth segment . . Loe ee ee ew ee ee +) )©6PSEUDONANNOLENIDE.

Of the Physiostreptide only one genus, Physiostreptus, containing one species,
P. ortonede from Guayaquil, has been recorded. The Cambalide also, as above
defined, has but one genus, Cambala, and one species, C. annulata, Say, which has been
recorded from various Eastern States of North America (see Bollman, Ann. N.Y. Acad.
iv. p. 41, 1887). Lulomorpha, based upon the South-African species I. kinbergi, Porat
(Ofv. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1872, no. 5, p. 15), has been identified by Silvestri as also

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., October 1909. P

106 DIPLOPODA.

occurring in S. America. It must be remembered, however, that the characters of
the genus given above were taken from the South-American species and not from the
South-African, of which the male sexual characters, apart from the structure of the
first legs, are unknown. ‘The family Pseudonannolenide contains the single genus
Pseudonannolene, of which several species have been described from various parts of
South America. The genus almost certainly awaits discovery in Central America.

The type of Nannolene, N. burkei, Boll., came from Ukiah, in California (Ann. N.Y.
Acad. Sci. iv. p. 40, 1887). It is, in my opinion, very doubtful if the species referred
by Brélemann to Epinannolene are generically distinct from it; but since the males
of WV. burkei described by Bollman were immature, the structure of the copulatory
apparatus is unknown. The distinguishing characters between the two set forth in
the above-given table are perhaps hardly of generic value, especially the presence or
absence of the pores upon the fifth segment, a character which in the Neotropical
species of Spirostreptide is only of specific importance. Epinannolene, therefore, can
only be provisionally retained until Mannolene has been better described. There is
very little doubt that the South-American species referred by Silvestri to Mannolene
are congeneric with those that Brélemann assigned to Hpinannolene.

EPINANNOLENE.
? Nannolene, Bollman, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. iv. p. 89 (1887); id. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 46,
p. 57 (1898).
Epinannolene, Brélemann, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixxii. p. 185 (1908).

Form as in Orthoporus; the segments without crests. Mandibles with seven pectinate lamellae. The
anterior plate of the promentum not divided into a right and left portion by a longitudinal membranous
line. Pores beginning on the fifth segment (in the known species).

Legs of the first pair in the adult male armed with a claw and composed of five segments.

Copulatory apparatus said to be composed of the two pairs of legs of the seventh segment, the anterior
and posterior leg on each side soldered together into a single piece proximally, but separated distally to
form an anterior and a posterior branch. The posterior branch digitiform and tipped with a tuft of
bristles ; the anterior branch stouter and terminating in two processes, an outer and an inner, the latter
bearing the seminal duct.

The structure of the copulatory apparatus in this genus and in its ally Pseudo-
nannolene offers some puzzling morphological features. According to Brélemann the
apparatus is composed of the two pairs of appendages of the seventh segment, as in the
Iuloidea, Spiroboloidea, and Spirostreptoidea. In these the anterior appendage on
each side is modified to form a sheath, the coleopod, for the posterior appendage, the
phallopod, which bears the seminal duct. In Epinannolene, however, according to
Brolemann, the part of the apparatus which represents the anterior appendage bears
this duct. But in view of the general similarity between Hpinannolene and the
Spirostreptoidea it seems hardly likely that such a fundamental difference should exist.
I venture therefore to suggest, as an alternative to Brélemann’s interpretation, that

EPINANNOLENE, 107

in this genus only a single pair of appendages, namely the posterior pair, of the seventh
segment is retained, this appendage being, as in the other allied groups, the phallopod,
and that its apparent double nature, suggesting its composition of two appendages, is
due to its being secondarily biramous. This suggestion involves the supposition that
the appendages of the first pair, the coleopods of other groups, are suppressed. There
are difficulties in the way of the acceptance of both views of the matter, and the
question at issue will probably remain unsettled until the development of the apparatus
in question has been worked out. The view above advocated as to the apparatus being
composed of a single pair of appendages appears to be that of Silvestri, who in his
description of Physiostreptus says: ‘‘Organum copulativum pari uno appendicium
constitutum ut in Pseudonannolene” (Boll. Mus. Torino, xviii. no. 433, p. 14, 1903).

The two species of the genus Hpinannolene recorded below are very closely related.
Analysis of the descriptions yields no very satisfactory characters for distinguishing
them, apart from the structure of the copulatory apparatus of the males. By means
of this organ they may be distinguished as follows :—

a. Anterior branch of copulatory apparatus with the distal extremity bent and ending
in two lamelliform processes, the external of which is denticulated on its inner
edge 2. 6. ww ee ee eee ee eee ee Lpittieri.]
a’. Anterior branch of copulatory apparatus evenly narrowed distally, not bent, and
terminating in two subsimilar spiniform processes. . . . . . «© + + © « bicornis.

[1. Epinannolene pittieri.
Epinannolene pittiert, Brdlemann, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixxii. p. 186, t. 1. figs. 3-7 (1903) °.

Colour dark brownish-red, sometimes palely annulated; legs dark coloured.

Body slender, shining. Head smooth; antenne short, hardly surpassing the first segment. Hyes narrow,
consisting of three rows of ocelli. rst segment with its antero-inferior borders forming an evenly
convex curve, marked with two strong grooves in addition to the marginal groove. Segments with their
exposed portion very finely reticulated. The transverse sulcus distinct and marked with punctuations
which are weak dorsally, stronger laterally ; longitudinal strie about five in nnmber and confined to the
inferior portion of the segments. Sterna smooth. Anal segment moderately long; tergal plate with
its rounded posterior border covering the valves, the edges of which are not compressed but are furnished
with three pairs of setee. Sternal plate with its posterior edge transverse.

Number of segments 49-55,

Length 21-24 millim.; width 1-1-20.

Hab. Cocos Isuanp (Biolley *).

This species is included here for comparison with E. bicornis; the locality, however,
does not come within the limits of this work. |

2. Epinannolene bicornis.
Epinannolene bicornis, Brélemann, Ann, Soc. Ent. France, lxxiv. pp. 856-358, t. 9. fig. 16 (1905) *.

Colour dark blackish-brown, annulated ; legs yellowish.
First segment with only one sulcus in addition to the marginal one. Exposed portion of segments without

P2

108 DIPLOPODA.

distinct sculpturing, except vague longitudinal striole. Transverse sulcus marked below the pore with
semicircular strie.

Number of segments 44.

Length 28 millim. ; width 1:90.

Hab. Costa Rica, Cariblanco 600 metres (Biolley 1).

Group VI. STEMMIULOIDEA *.

Elongate vermiform Diplopoda, with a large and variable number of segments as in the [uloidea, Spiroboloidea,
and Spirostreptoidea, but with the body compressed and the segments not completely annuliform, the
sternal plates being free as in the Colobognatha and the pleure separated from the terga posteriorly
though united to them anteriorly. Mouth-parts with mandibles three-jointed ; gnathochilarium with the
promentum short and the lingual lobes correspondingly large, almost as wide, and in some cases (that is
to say, in the males of some species) as long as the stipites, which are themselves subparallel-sided.
Segments without any distinct transverse sulcus, obliquely striate longitudinally, the pores situated high
up on the sides. One or two large ocelli on each side of the head. Legs composed of eight segments.

In the males there is a long unpaired, apparently two-jointed, penis lying behind the legs of the second pair,
which are modified to form a pair of hook-like processes; and the two pairs of appendages of the
seventh segment are converted into a copulatory apparatus.

Distribution. Tropical America, Africa, and Ceylon.

The above-quoted characters of the group have been taken from Mr. O. F. Cook’s
paper (Amer. Nat. 1895, pp. 1111-1121).

Fam. STEMMIULIDA.
Characters of the group.

The little-known and comparatively small number of species belonging to this
family have been referred to two genera, which may be distinguished as follows: —

a. A single ocellus on each side of the head; gnathochilarium alike in the two

SEXES 2 we ee ee ee toe eee STEMMIULUS.
a’. Two ocelli on each side of the head; gnathochilarium different in the two
SEXES . Diopstvuuvs.

So far as is known, Stemmiulus occurs only in ‘Tropical America. The type is the
species cited below. The genus Diopsiulus was proposed by Silvestri (Boll. Mus.
Torino, xii. no. 805, p. 3, 1897) for the three Liberian species described by Cook,
D. bellus being the type. The Ceylonese species, 8. ceylonicus, Poc., no doubt belongs
to Diopsiulus, as also in all probability does the species from Porto Rico described by
Karsch as S. compressus, both these forms having two eyes on each side of the head.

* This group was inadvertently omitted from the table given on p. 41.

STEMMIULUS.—POLYDESMOIDEA. 109

STEMMIULUS.

Stemmiulus, Gervais, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (2) ii. p. xxviii (1844); Aun. Sci. Nat. (3) ii. p. 70,
t. 5. fig. 11 (1844) ; Ins. Apt. iv. p. 200 (1847).
Stemmatoiulus, Cook, Silvestri.

1. Stemmiulus bioculatus.

Julus (Stemmiulus) bioculatus, Gerv. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (2) ii. p. xxviii’.

Stemmiulus bioculatus, Gerv. Ins. Apt. iv. p. 200, t. 84. fig. 7”.

Stemmatoiulus bioculatus, Silvestri, Boll. Mus. Torino, xi. no. 254, p. 2 (1896) °; op. cit. xii. no. 305,
p- 2 (1897) *.

Colour ashy-black.

Head with a vertical sulcus on the summit; antenne long, the second segment the longest. First tergal plate
with its sides angled and acute. Last tergal plate posteriorly angled, not surpassing the valves. Legs
of first and second pairs with five segments, those of the second pair smaller than the first. In the male
the legs of the first pair bear a spine on the lower side of the third and fourth segments ; those of the second
pair are short and three-jointed, the proximal segment being thick and the distal strongly attenuated and
hairy at the base beneath. Legs of the third pair thicker than the others, with the claw wide. Anterior
pair of appendages of the copulatory apparatus bicolumnar, the external column larger and hairy at the
apex, with long flagellum rising from its base posteriorly ; posterior pair of appendages very small.

Number of segments 42.
Length 26 millim.; width 1:8.

flab. Panama, Darien, Punta Sabana (Festa 3 +).—Co.omata ! 2,

Group VII. POLYDESMOIDEA.

Body consisting of 19 or 20 segments in the adult (20 in all the known Central-Amerivan genera); each
segment consisting of a compact ring, the sternal and pleural elements firmly united to the terga; the
terga usually furnished with lateral outgrowths, laminate or tubercular, which carry the pores when
present. Pores very variable, sometimes absent, but typically found upon the 5th, 7th, 9th, 10th, 12th,
13th, 15th to 19th segments. 20th segment with a caudal process varying in shape from square to
cylindrical. 19th segment without legs; segments from the 5th to the 18th with two pairs of six-jointed
legs ; the 4th segment with a single pair of legs, and only two pairs of legs representing the 3rd, 2nd, and 1st
segments. Antenne consisting of only 7 distinct segments. Hyes absent. Mouth-parts well developed ;
mandibles bisegmented. Gnathochilarium with stipites widely separated by a triangular pronotum and
two elongate lingual lobes. Generative orifices of the female lying behind the legs of the second pair.
Generative ducts of the male perforating the coxee or basal segments of the legs of the second pair, without
any definite penis. Copulatory organs of the male composed of a pair of phallopods which are the modified
anterior legs of the seventh segment; these emerge from a usually oval fossa and are generally exposed,
rarely retractile ; each consists of a basal segment or coxa, which is commonly provided with a slender
curved process, the calcar, and of a distal segment carrying the seminal duct; these segments may be
simple or highly complicated, sometimes showing division into three elements, the femoral, tibial, and tarsal,
and sometimes quite undivided; the seminal style is long or short and is usually guarded by one or
more processes or lamine. Coleopods absent; the posterior legs of the seventh segment being normal.

Distribution. Cosmopolitan outside the Arctic and Antarctic Zones.

The question of the classification of the Polydesmoidea, principally with regard to

110 DIPLOPODA.

the subdivision of this group into families, subfamilies, and genera, is one about which
there still exists the widest divergence of opinion amongst systematists.

The most recent attempt to monograph the entire group is that of Attems (Denk.
Akad. Wien, lxvii. & Ixviii., 1900-1901). In this valuable and useful work only one
family, the Polydesmide, is admitted. ‘This is divided into the following subfamilies :
(1) Strongylosomine, (2) Sulciferine, (3) Leptodesmine, (4) Eupolydesmine, (0) Tra-
chelodesmine, (6) Eurydesmine, (7) Oxydesmine, (8) Eurytropine, (9) Cryptodesmine,
10) Pyrgodesmine, (11) Cyrtodesmine, (12) Oniscodesmine, (13) Spheeriodesmine.

This classification, however, is open to criticism from several standpoints. In the
first place, many of the names employed to designate the subfamilies are inadmissible.
For example, Sulciferinee cannot stand because of its derivation from the so-called new
genus Sulciferus, which came into literature still-born. It was proposed for a number
of species for which two generic names, viz. Anoplodesmus, Poc., and Prionopeltis, Poc.,
to which subgeneric rank was given, were already in use. It may be regarded as a
synonym of either one or the other of these, and the group, which is probably valid
and was dismembered from the Strongylosomatide of Cook, may be called the
Anoplodesminez or Anoplodesmide according to the fancy of authors. Similarly, the
names Eupolydesmine and Kurytropine cannot be maintained, because there are no
such genera as Eupolydesmus and Eurytropis contained in the groups they respectively
symbolise. Moreover, at least four of the genera referred to the Eurytropine had
been previously made the types of special families by Cook ; and one of these names,
at all events, must take the place of “ Eurytropine.” The Eupolydesmine must be
called Polydesmine or Polydesmide.

Another criticism that must be offered is that a considerable number of admittedly
good genera, notably Platyrachus and Fontaria, appear, in Attem’s opinion, to be
only doubtfully referable to the subfamilies to which they are attached. If special
subfamilies had been made for their reception, or rather if family or subfamily names
already proposed for them by Cook had been retained, a more satisfactory and consisteut
result would have been achieved. And justification for this course is amply forth-
coming in the monograph under discussion ; for if the differences between, for example,
the Strongylosomini, Anoplodesmini (Sulciferini), Leptodesmini, Polydesmini (Kupoly-
desmini), and Trachelodesmini be taken as the criteria for groups of this rank, many
of the doubtfully placed genera might have been logically accommodated in the same
way; and results not very different from those obtained by Cook in 1896 would have
been arrived at (Ann. N. York Acad. Sci. ix. pp. 4, 5). Although in this work Cook
made no attempt to characterise the families he erected, their names, where based
upon defined generic forms, must be retained, if the grouping of the genera into families
er subfamilies be admitted.

In the present state of our knowledge of the Polydesmoidea it does not appear to me

POLYDESMOIDEA. 111

to be very material whether family or subfamily rank is given to the groups into which
the genera are capable of being classified ; nor is it very important that the said groups,
whatever their systematic rank, should in every case be established upon equivalent
characters. Where a large number of genera are affiliated by a single character in
common, it is often convenient to give the assemblage the status of a subfamily or
family ; and at the same time it is often expedient to withhold such rank, at all events
temporarily, from a single genus, though it may differ from its nearest allies in
characters of the same or even greater systematic value than those which in other cases
have served as the basis for the groups of higher rank. An instance of this will be
found in the following pages by comparing the Spheriodesmide with the Chelo-
desmide. In the latter generic value is accorded to structural differences in the
phallopod which are not of greater taxonomic importance than the structural differences
presented by these organs in the Spheriodesmide, to which only specific significance is
given. When the Spheriodesmide are better known it will probably be found that
Sphweriodesmus may be conveniently broken up into several; but for the present I
prefer to keep all the species together under the one genus, although the variation
in the phallopods is much greater than that admitted in any other genus recorded
in this monograph.

Complete consistency in the estimate of characters can be gradually introduced with
progress of knowledge; and our acquaintance with many genera of Polydesmoidea is
at the present time too incomplete to make finality in the classification of this group
possible.

In this monograph I have retained in almost every case the families or subfamilies
established by my predecessors where I have found these assemblages to be definable
within the limits of the Diplopod fauna of Central America, leaving alone the further
question as to their final admissibility until a complete revision of the Polydesmoidea
of the world has been taken in hand by some competent systematic zoologist with
sufficient time and material at his disposal for the task.

The subjoined analytical key to the families here admitted does not represent my
opinions as to the affinities of these groups. For instance, although the Oniscodesmide
and Spheriodesmide fall under one heading, a, I believe with Cook that the spherical
form of the body when rolled, with its concomitant structural variations that they have
in common, has been independently acquired in the two cases. The Spheriodesmide
may, as Brdlemann has suggested, be an offshoot of the Chelodesmid group ; whereas
the relationships of the Oniscodesmide perhaps lie with the groups represented in
Central America by Lophodesmus and Peridontodesmus. ‘The latter may, perhaps, be
related to the Chelodesmide, as also are the Strongylosomide and perhaps also the
Platyrachide, through the genera forming the Kuryurine.

112 ~ DIPLOPODA.

a. Prozonites* suppressed on the veutral surface, represented
dorsally by a short shelf which tapers away laterally ; sterna
extremely narrow, the legs basally almost in contact ; dorsal
surface convex, with keels nearly or quite vertical; the
second or the third or the fourth tergal plates laterally
enlarged ; body capable of being spherically coiled.

b. Keels of the second segment greatly expanded laterally,
considerably surpassing in size those of the rest of the
body; antenne incrassate, with sixth segment much

shorter than fifth . .- . ..... . . . . Fam. ONISCODESMIDA.
c. Pectinate rim of terga suppressed ; segments smooth
with areate posterior portion . . . . . . . . Subfam. OniscopesmMin«&.

c’. Pectinate rim of terga retained; upper side of terga
granular or tubercular . . . . . Lo. . Subfam. CyrropEsMIN2.

. Keels of the second segment very narrow, but the keels

of the third or of the third and fourth or of the fourth

and fifth enlarged, much larger than those of the sixth

and following segments ; antennz not incrassate, the

sixth segment as long as the fifth. . . . Fam. SPHAARIODESMID.
d. Keels of the third or of the third and fourth segments
the largest . . . Subfam. CycLopEsMIN&.
d’. Keels of the fourth or of the fourth and fifth segments
the largest . . . . ee ee . . . » . Subfam. SpHa#RiopEsMINA.

. Prozonites* retained both dorsally and ventr ally as a tubular
cylindrical prolongation of the metazonite *; keels of the
anterior segments usually smaller than those of the mid-
region of the body, rarely those of the second a little
enlarged ; body capable of being spirally, not spherically,
coiled.
e. Antero-lateral border of the first tergal plate produced
into a horizontally extended lamina which completely
overlaps the head . . . . . . . . . Fam. PYRGODESMID.
. Antero-lateral border of the first tergal plate not laminate ;
the head not concealed.
f. Lateral and posterior borders of the keels from the
second at least to the sixteenth segment armed with
strong setiferous teeth; keels of second larger than
those that immediately succeed them; antenne
short, clavate, and widely separated . . . . . . Fam. PERIDONTODESMID.

* The prozonite is the anterior usually cylindrical portion of the segment which is retractile to a greater
or less extent within the metazenite of the segment in front; the metazonite being the posterior, leg-bearing,
usually keeled portion.

POLYDESMOIDEA.—ONISCODESMIDA, 1138

J’. Keels otherwise formed, never exhibiting a continuous
postero-lateral series of large setiferous teeth; keels
of second tergal plate not larger than of the third
(excl. Strongylosomidz) ; antennz not markedly
clavate, when short close together.
g. Keels of the second segment large, lower than the
level of the first and third and projecting forwards
beneath the angle of the first. (No indigenous
Central-American species known.). . . . . . Fam. STRONGYLOSOMIDA.
g. Keels of the second segment not enlarged, forming
a continuous series with those of the succeeding
segments and with the angle of the first.
A. Antenne short and thick; caudal process wide,
oblong, square or semicircular . . . Fam. PLATYRACHIDA.
j. Margin of keels with no definite thickened } porous
area; pores with thickened rim, not insunk,
and situated dorsally, at a varying distance
away from theedge . . . . . Loe Subfam. PLatyracHiIna.
*, Margin of keels thickened, carrying the insunk
pore, which has the margin much less noticeably
thickened . . . . 1. ww) )).)h)0OCSubfam. Evryurina.
kh‘. Antenne long ard slender; caudal process
triangular, with truncate apex, or sometimes

subeylindrical . . . 2 . Fam. CHELODESMIDA.
k, A spiniform process projecting from the distal
end of the second segment of the legs . . . Subfam. Xysroprsmina.

k', No spiniform process upon the second segment
of the legs.

[. Phallopod with coxal calcar ; its femoral seg-
ment without definite hair-lined depression ;
genital processes of second leg in male blunt

and conical . . . . . . . « . » Subfam. CHELopesMin«.
l'. Phallopod without coxal calear ; no hair-lined
depression on the inner side of its femoral

segment ; genital processes of male elongate,
stiliform . . ..... . . . . . Subfam. RusacuipEsmMina.

Fam, ONISCODESMIDZ.

Body strongly convex and capable of being spherically coiled, the keels vertical or nearly so, with their lateral
margin inferior. eels of the second segment much dilated and greatly exceeding those of the other
segments. Pores, when present, normal in number and situated on the dorsal surface of the keels.

Instribution. Central and South America; Sumatra.
BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., October 1909. . Q

114 DIPLOPODA.

The Central-American genera of this group are referred to two subfamilies, which

may be defined as follows :—
a. Segments smooth ; their keel-bearing portion posteriorly elevated and divided

into definite oblong areas by short longitudinal sulci; no pectinate rim on

the posterior border of the segments . . . . 6 « +e + + « + «© ONISCODESMINA.
a’. Upper side of the keel-bearing portion of the segments granular or tubercular

and often thickly hairy; a distinct rim of fine pectinations on the posterior

border of the segments. . ee ee ee ee ee CyRrropESMINZ.

Subfam. ONISCODESMINA.
LIGIODESMUS, gen. nov.

Allied to Oniscodesmus, with the second segment much the largest of the series and expanded laterally. All
the segments, with the exception of the first and last, marked with a transverse sulcus, behind which
the tergal plates are ornamented with longitudinal sulci dividing their posterior portions into a number
of oblong areas; these longitudinal sulci extend on to the keels. Pores ou segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 18,
15 to 19, situated near the middle of the upper surface of the keels. Tergal plate of the twentieth
segment transversely oblong, about twice as wide as long and wider than the keels of the nineteenth
segment which embrace it laterally.

Type, L. pusillus.

To the group to which Cook (Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxi. pp. 454-456, 1898) restricted
the family name Oniscodesmide, three genera were referred by him, viz.: Oniscodesmus,
type oniscinus, Gervais & Goudot, from Colombia ; Lignydesmus, type rubriceps, Peters,
from Colombia; and Detodesmus, type aurantiacus, Peters, from Venezuela. ‘The last
two Attems does not admit as generically distinct from Onzscodesmus. This new form
differs from all of them in having the tergal plate of the twentieth segment transversely
oblong, twice as wide as long, wider than the keels of the nineteenth, and with its
posterior border lobulate. In the case of the other species mentioned the tergal plate
of the twentieth is minute in Oniscodesmus ; and although larger and subspherical in
Lignydesmus and Detodesmus, it is scarcely wider than long and barely as wide as the
keels of the nineteenth which curve semicircularly round it. In the large size of the
twentieth tergal plate the genus Ligiodesmus serves to connect the above-mentioned
genera with those that Cook referred to the Cyrtodesmide, namely Cyrtodesmus,
Oncodesmus, and Cyliocyrtus.

1. Ligiodesmus pusillus, sp.n. (Tab. VIII. figg. 6-6 e.)

Colour obscurely fuscous, keels paler, legs flavous.

Head punctulated. Antenne moderately long, incrassate, the segments increasing in thickness to the fifth,
which is longer than the second and fourth, and about as long as the third. Second tergal plate greatly
expanded laterally, apparently as in Detodesmus aurantiacus, Peters, but differing from that species in
having its posterior border distinctly areolate, as in the two species of Oniscodesmus and in Ligny-
desmus rubriceps. The pores not raised as in the latter, but sessile as in the two species of
Oniscodesmus Oopulatory organs of the same type apparently as in Detodesmus aurantiacus, divided
distally into two branches, the inner forming a recurved hook and terminating in the slender seminal

LIGIODESMUS.—ONCODESMUS. 115

stile, the outer having the form of a foliated lamina which posteriorly sends upwards a long and slender

process,
Length 6°8 millim., width 2-5.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

Subfam. CYRTODESMINZ.

The two recorded Central-American genera of this group may be distinguished as

follows :—
a. Pores present; tergal plate of twentieth segment quadrate, broader than
long and not in any way concealed by the keels of the nineteenth ; keels
with a deep notch in the posterior border near the base. . . . . . OncopEsmus.
a‘. Pores apparently absent in the type species; tergal plate of twentieth
segment narrow, pointed, covered to a great extent by the enlarged
and backwardly extended keels of the nineteenth segment ; no notch at
base of posterior border of keels. . 2. . 2. 2. we ee) ee) he) )06UCRYPrURODESMUs.

ONCODESMUS*.

Oncodesmus, Cook, Brandtia, 1896, p. 28; Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxi. p. 458 (1898).

Allied to Cyrtodesmus, Gervais (Ins. Apt. iv. p. 92, 1847), but differing in having the dorsal surface of the
segments distinctly tubercular and hairless instead of thickly hairy and closely granular; also in having
the lateral portion of the second segment much more widely expanded and the pores sessile instead of

being raised on definite papille.

Mr. O. F. Cook established this genus and differentiated it from Cyrtodesmus after
a somewhat hurried examination of the types of C. velutznus and C. granosus in the
British Museum. He appears to have overlooked the fact that the segments in the
type of C. velutinus, to which he restricted the name Cyrtodesmus, are densely granular
as well as hispid or hairy, for he merely describes them as being “ densely velvety
pilose,” and distinguishes Oncodesmus, based upon C. granosus, from Cyrtodesmus
partly because “ the surface of the segments, instead of being densely and uniformly
hispid, is merely beset with coarse granules.” As a matter of fact, C. velutinus is
granular and C. granosus tubercular. A difference, however, which he does not appear
to have noticed is that the pores in C. granosus are sessile and not papillate. The
type of C. asper, Peters, a species which Cook made the type of his genus Cyliocyrtus,
also has the pores papillate and the segments hispid as in C. velutinus; but the
segments are tubercular and the lateral portions of the second widely expanded as in
C. granosus. It thus stands midway in its charactars between the other two. In all
of them the general form of the body is like that of Ligiodesmus and Oniscodesmus, but
they differ totally in the sculpturing of the segments and in having a deep notch in | the
posterior border of the keels.

* Incorrectly given as Omodesmus in Zool. Record, 1898, Myr. p. 11.

116 DIPLOPODA.

1. Oncodesmus granosus.
Polydesmus granosus, Gervais & Goudot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. sér. 2, il. p. xxvii (1844) *.
Cyrtodesmus granosus, Gervais, Ins. Apt. iv. p. 93 (1847) ®.
Oncodesmus granosus, Cook, Brandtia, 1896, p. 28°; Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxi. p. 458 (1898) *;
Silvestri, Boll. Mus. Torino, xi. p. 6 (1896) ’.

Colour very dark brown, tubercles clearer pale brown; cylindrical portion of segments white in front and
below, but the posterior portion dark and pigmented, with three pale patches, one median and one on
each side; legs and anal valves white; keels quite vertical ; body compressed. ©

Length about 16 millim., width 4.

Hab. Panama °.—Cotomsia!? (Mus. Brit.).

The only example of this form that I have seen is the dried type in the collection
of the British Museum. It is partially coiled and therefore cannot be critically
examined. The specimen from Panama referred by Silvestri to O. granosus may belong
to a different species.

CRYPTURODESMUS.

Crypturodesmus, Silvestri, Boll. Mus. Torino, xii. no. 277, p. 1 (1897) ; Brdlemann, Ann. Soc.
Ent. Fr. xvii. p. 276 (1898).
Katantodesmus, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, lIxviii. p. 885 (1900).

Segments coarsely granular or tubercular above; keels, except of the second and (?) nineteenth segments,
strongly shouldered at the base of their anterior border, but without any deep notch close to the base of
their posterior border. Pores sometimes, at all events, present upon the dorsal area of the keels.
Median tergal area and keels of the nineteenth segment coalesced to form a rounded shield-like sclerite,
which completely covers the twentieth; tergal plate of the latter narrow and posteriorly pointed.

Distribution. Mexico and tropical parts of South America.

There appears to me to be no doubt that Attems was correct in his surmise that his
genus Katantodesmus is identical with the earlier described Crypturodesmus. Attems
refers Crypturodesmus (Katantodesmus) to the Oniscodesminz and not to the Cyrto-
desminz, apparently because the caudal process is narrow and pointed, as it also is in
the species of Oniscodesmine known to him. But the width of the tail in Ligiodesmus
above described, a genus apparently resembling Oniscodesmus in other particulars,
shows that the character has not the value assigned to it by Cook and Attems.
Crypturodesmus is unknown to me except from descriptions and figures; but its
affinities appear to me to be rather with the Cyrtodesmine than with the
Oniscodesmine.

It may be added that neither Attems nor Silvestri could detect the pores in
the species available for examination, but that Brdlemann discerned them in his
C. verrucosus from Venezuela. Possibly this species should form the type of a special
genus. It may be added that Brdélemann, in defiance of laws of nomenclature, made

CRYPTURODESMUS.—SPH ARIODESMIDA. 117

Crypturodesmus a subgenus of his later-described Trigonostylus; whereas if the type-
species of the two be congeneric, the genus must take the name Crypturodesmus,
with Trigonostylus as one of its subgenera, and Crypturodesmus, repeated, as the
other. It appears to me, however, that the distinctive features of the two are worth
full generic value. TZrigonostylus, which has hitherto been recorded only from
Venezuela, differs from Crypturodesmus in having the nineteeuth segment normally
constructed.

1. Crypturodesmus targionii.

Crypturodesmus targionii, Silvestri, Boll. Mus. Torino, xii. no. 277, p. 1 (1897) ’.

Colour reddish-brown, paler beneath. Head with the antenna short and incrassate, the fifth segment the
largest, the seventh and eighth the smallest. Tergal plates granular, furnished above with four
longitudinal rows of tubercles. First tergal plate semicircular; keels of the second very wide, with
rounded, somewhat forwardly projecting anterior angle, the posterior angle acute; succeeding keels
entire, the postero-latera] angle with a rectangular incision. Pores undiscovered. Anal sternal plate

semicircular,
Length 28 millim., width 5.

Hab. Mexico}.

Fam. SPHAERIODESMIDZ.

Body strongly convex, capable of being spherically coiled, the keels vertical or nearly so, with their lateral
borders inferior. Head absent. Tergal plate of the twentieth segment quadrate, surrounded anteriorly
and laterally by the subcrescentic tergal plate and keels of the nineteenth segment. Hither the third or
the fourth or the fourth and fifth segments laterally expanded and exceeding in size the corresponding
portions of the succeeding segments. The second segment always small and embracing the first like a
collar,

Distribution. Southern States of N. America; Central America; West Indies.

I include in this family the genera which Cook referred to the Spheriodesmida,
Desmonidee, and Cyclodesmide, because the genera Spheriodesmus and Cyclodesmus
appear to be linked to a certain extent by Cylionus, and because the essential feature
upon which the Desmonide were separated from the Cyclodesmide is not known to
occur in the one Central-American genus, Cyphodesmus, referred by Cook to the
Desmonide. Nevertheless, the genera in question may be conveniently classified in
two subfamilies :—

a. Keels of third segment much smaller than those of the fourth, which are

always larger than those which follow the fifth segment, and sometimes

larger, sometimes a little smaller, than those of the fifth. . . . . . SPH#RIODESMINA.
a’. Keels of the third segment larger than those of the rest of the series, rarely

equalled by those of the fourth ; keels of the fifth not enlarged . . . CycLopDESMINE.

118 DIPLOPODA.

Subfam. CYCLODESMIN.

The two Central-American genera belonging to this subfamily may be distinguished
as follows :—

a. Segments with transverse crests surmounted with a series of tubercles ;

fourth segment about equal to the third in size. . . . . . . . . « CyPHopEsmus.
a'. Segments smooth, without crests and tubercles; fourth segment much smaller
than the third, which greatly exceeds the rest . . . . . . . . . « CycLopEsmus.
CYPHODESMUS.

Oniscodesmus, Saussure, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 278 (1860) (nec Oniscodesmus, Gerv.).
Cyphodesmus, Peters, Mon. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1864, p. 580; Cook, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus, xxi. p. 466
(1898) ; Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, lxviii. p. 390 (1890).

This genus appears to have been examined only by the original describers of the
typical and single known species.

Body comparatively narrow and elongated, convex and vaulted, but with the keels slightly inclined outwards ;
* each segment with a transverse row of erect tubercles, larger on the summit than laterally. When the
body is extended the keels are not in contact. First tergal plate much wider than long; the second
crescentic, and with the keels but little extended laterally ; third and fourth large and subequal; anal
tergal plate relatively large subquadrate, with four large tubercles.
Secondary sexual characters unknown.

Distribution. Mexico.

1. Cyphodesmus mexicanus.

Oniscodesmus mexicanus, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 328 (1859)'; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv.
p. 281, t. 1. fig. 2 (1860) *.

Cyphodesmus mexicanus, Peters, Mon. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1864, p. 580°; Sauss. & Humb. Miss.
Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 23 (1872)*; and of subsequent authors.

Colour fuscous ; integument finely granular. Head smooth ; antenne with subequal segments. First tergal
plate with three tubercles on each side; second with five. TZhird segment with its keels strongly arched
and sinuous, its anterior angle rounded and the posterior acute and directed backwards; marked with
a crest, which becomes obsolete above; keels of the fourth large, inferiorly rounded, but with the
posterior angle a little produced. Inferior margins of keels of the mid-region of the body rounded ;
those from the thirteenth segment backwards truncate and wide inferiorly. The tubercles borne upon
a transverse crest, which is higher on the fifth segment than on the others, On the seventeenth and two

following segments the dorsal tubercles become spiniform.
Length 20 millim., width 5.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova 1~4.

CYCLODESMUS.

Cyclodesmus, Saussure & Humbert, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1869, p. 149; Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 2
(1872), and of subsequent authors.

Surface of segments smooth and polished. Dorsum very convex; keels vertical, broad and subcontiguous.

CYCLODESMUS.—SPH ERIODESMUS. 119

Third segment much the largest of the series ; its keels greatly expanded. Second segment crescentic ;
anal tergal plate broad, quadrate.

Distribution. Mexico and Jamaica.

1. Cyclodesmus aztecus.
Cyclodesmus aztecus, Sauss. & Humb. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1869, p. 149°; Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr.
p. 24, t. 1. fig. 8 (1872) *; Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. x. p. 678, t. 12. fig. 109 (1902) °*.

Colour white. General form like that of Sphariodesmus, but the body compressed and attenuated posteriorly.
Keels of second segment not surpassing the lateral angles of the first. Keels of the third with convex
anterior and concave posterior borders ; acute posterior and widely rounded anterior angle. Keels of
fourth segment only a little larger than those of the fifth, rounded inferiorly. In the mid-region of the
body the keels have straight and vertical posterior borders and rounded angles, but in the posterior half
they are directed slightly backwards, with oblique posterior borders and acute posterior angles.

Length 5-6 millim., width 1-6.

Hab. Mexico, Eastern Cordillera ! °.

Subfam. SPHARIODESMINA.

The three described genera of this group, if Colobodesmus be admitted, may be
contrasted as follows :—

a. Orifice of seminal duct of phallopod on a low eminence situated far behind
the distal end of that organ. . 2. 1. we ew ee ew ee ee) )~6COLOBODESMUS.
a’. Orifice of seminal duct of phallopod on a longer or shorter process at or near
the apex of the phallopod.
b. Posterior ventral border of segments, at least in posterior half of body,
straight and transverse ; the anterior tubercle remote from the base of
the leg ; keel of fifth segment markedly smaller than that of fourth . . Cy.ionus.
6’. Posterior ventral border of segments strongly convex or angled internally,
oblique and concave externally ; keel of fifth segment not smaller than
that of fourth. 2. 2. 1 wee we ee we ew eee «06S PHERIODESMUS.

SPHAERIODESMUS.

Glomeridesmus, Saussure, Linn. Ent. xii. p. 328 (1858); Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 276
(1860) (nec Glomeridesmus, Gerv.).
Spheriodesmus, Peters, Mon. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1864, p. 529, and of subsequent authors.

Characters as above.

Distribution. Central America.

Although females of the species of this genus may usually, at all events, be
distinguished by slight differences in the shape of the body, some being more arched
than others, especially at the posterior end, some broader, some narrower, by differences
in the size and shape of the keels, by differences in the length of the individual
segments of the antenne and legs, and by the hairiness of these appendages, these

120 DIPLOPODA.

differences, nevertheless, are extremely difficult to express in writing, since they are
mostly differences of degree. The males, on the contrary, present admirable secondary
sexual characters in the structure of the legs of the first pair and of the phallopods,
and in the relative width of the sternal areas adjacent to the socket which carries
these organs. Fortunately, judging from the material of the genus that has been
examined, males are more abundant than females, and in every species that has been
described the principal secondary sexual characters of the males are known.

The following table, based upon characters other than those appertaining to sex,
may perhaps be of some service in determining the forms that I have been able to
examine; but I have been unable to include in it species of which I have not seen
examples :—

a. Dorsal surface of segments comparatively coarsely rugose; fourth tergal plate
somewhat strongly convex and abruptly raised behind its anterior rim . . . coriaceus.
a’. Dorsal surface smooth or only finely rugulose ; fourth tergal plate much flatter,
lightly convex antero-posteriorly.
b. Posterior edge of the eighteenth segment forming an evenly rounded curve from the
summit to the posterior angle of the keel—that is to say, the posterior border
of the keel and of the dorsal portion meeting at a widely rounded angle.
c Keels of the fourth segment forming a comparatively strong sigmoid flexure ;
keels of segments 6 to 9 comparatively broad . . . . . . . . | digitatus.
. Keels of the fourth segment with a much less pronounced sigmoid flexure ;
keels of segments 6 to 9 narrower.
d. Keels of the fourth narrower, the anterior angle less strongly rounded . oniscus.
da’. Keels of the fourth broader, with the anterior angle more strongly rounded.
e. Colour olive-green: larger—length 27 mm., width 10 mm. . . . . robustus.
e'. Colour sandy-white: smaller—length 15 mm., width5 mm. . . . . = prehensor.
6’. Posterior edge of the dorsal portion of the eighteenth segment forming a
distinct angle with the posterior border of the keel.
f. Posterior border of the keels lightly concave. . . 2°... Stilifer.
f*. Posterior border of the keels straight . . . . 2... 2... ee) angustus.

By the secondary sexual characters of the males the species enumerated below may
be distinguished as follows :—

a, Tibio-femoral segment of phallopod markedly biramous—that is to say, with a
long, stout, or slender, often thumb-like subsidiary branch, which is not very
much shorter than the principal branch.
b. Phallopod very long and slender and comparatively straight ; the two branches
also long and slender, the main branch sinuously curved and undivided at the
apex ; the subsidiary branch projecting forwards, lightly curved at the base ;
femur of first leg with strong basal tooth ; sternal areas of fifth, sixth, and
seventh segments, and socket of phallopods, narrow. . . . - . « « digitatus.
b', Phallopod short and stout ; sternal areas of fifth, sixth and seventh segments,
and socket of phallopods, broader.

SPHARIODESMUS.

ce. Apex of principal branch of phallopod, which is spatulate and widely rounded,
bearing a pair of slender subspiniform processes ; the subsidiary thumb-
hike branch broad, curved forwards and inwards, and arising from the inferior
edge of the segment; rim of socket of phallopods elevated, but the crest
dying away on each side on the sternal area; femur of first “8 without
basal tooti-like process
*, Apex of principal branch of phallopod simple ; ; subsidiary br anch arising on
the upper side of the segment ; femur of first leg with basal prominence.
d. Yibio-femoral segment of phallopod straight and subcylindrical, the
principal branch attenuate, pointed ; subsidiary branch rising nearer the
apex than the base of the segment; rim of socket of phallopod not

elevated behind; process on femur of first leg low, the whole segment »

only lightly curved Loe . - oe 8

d'. Tibio-femoral segment very stout, strongly curved outwards, then inwards
at the apex, which is spatulate and widely rounded ; subsidiary branch
thinner and rising nearer the base of the segment than in the preceding
species ; rim of socket of phallopod elevated all round posteriorly from
the lateral tubercle ; first leg very thick with a long basal tooth-like
process and a smaller process on the two succeeding segments .

a‘, Tibio-femoral segment of phallopod variable in length and thickness, simple or

divided apically, but with the subsidiary branch occurring in the species mentioned

under a represented apparently by a more or less conical or short spiniform

tooth, by a low eminence, or altogether absent.
e. Apex of the phallopod distinctly bifid.

f. Axis of tibio-femoral segment subcylindrical and nearly straight, the organ
not markedly upcurled distally ; benind and on the inner side of the apex,
which is soniewhat lamellar but pointed below, there arises a lougish slender
hooked spiniform process ; femur of first leg modified ; sternum of seventh
segment narrow; socket of phallopod raised into a semicircular crest just
in front of the stigma and of the base of the legs Loe ee

f'. Axis of tibio-femoral segment short or slender, but with a distinct upward
curvature distally and no elongate hooked spiniform process.

g. Tibio-femoral segment comparatively short and stout, the subsidiary
branch comparatively large and nearer the base than the apex of the
segment.

h. Phallopod ending in two lobe-shaped processes ; femur of first leg with
distinct basal prominence Loe ee . .
h*. Phallopod ending in an antero-posteriorly compressed lamella and
a slender somewhat spiniform process external to it; femur of first
leg unmodified ; rim of socket of phallopod with semicircular crest
in front of base of leg . soe ee ‘ . .

g'. Tibio-femoral segment comparatively long and slender the subsidiary
process either small or absent; the apex divided into two small subequa
processes ; femur of first leg with basal process.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., October 1909.

1

prehensor.

angustus.

robustus.

stilifer.

neglectus.

oniscus.

1

122 DIPLOPODA.

i. No subsidiary tooth or process on upper side of tibio-femoral segment
of phallopod; the terminal processes pointed. . . « medius.
. A distinct subsidiary tooth near the middle of the upper surface of the
tibio-femoral segment ; the terminal processes truncated. . . . . megicanus.
e'. Apex of tibio-femoral segment of phallopod simple and undivided ; subsidiary
process represented by a broad excrescence.
j. Subsidiary process nearer the base than the apex of the segment, the portion
beyond it long and slender; femur of first leg without basal process ;
socket of phallopods not extending laterally as far as the spiniform tubercle,
the rim not raised ; the sternal area between the legs very wide . . . . cortaceus.
Subsidiary process nearer the apex than the base of the segment; the area
beyond it comparatively short; femur of first leg with conical basal

process. ew ee ee SAUSSUFER,

1. Spheriodesmus oniscus, sp. n. (Tab. VIII. figg. 8-8 6.)

g. Colour (in alcohol) a uniform dark olive-green. Segments shining, but lightly punctured and coriaceous.
First tergqal plate wider than head, with lateral angles well developed and acute but apically rounded.
Second shorter on each side than the third. Fourth expanded laterally to a comparatively small extent,
its antero-lateral border weakly convexly produced, its posterior border only lightly concave, and its
antero-inferior edge lightly rounded. Fifth with its lateral portion slightly wider than that of the fourth,
its inferior edge rounded, its posterior border very lightly concave. Sixth about as wide laterally as that
of the fourth, although differently shaped and slightly wider than that of the seventh. The posterior
borders of the keels from the sixth to near the hinder end of the body in the same vertical straight line
as the posterior border of the dorsal part of the segments; the two borders forming a widely rounded
angle on the eighteenth. Legs beset with numerous short hairs.

In the male the first leg is a little thickened, but the femur has no excrescence or hollow inferiorly. Sterna
of third, fourth, and fifth segments about as wide as the length of the second segment of the leg. Rim
round socket lodging phallopods abruptly raised into a round crest on each side just in front of the coxa
of the posterior leg of the seventh segment; the socket extending outwards to the adjoining spiniform
tubercle. Sternal area between posterior legs of seventh segment much wider than length of second
segment of leg. Basal segment of phallopod stout and laterally extended; distal segment projecting
forwards parallel with that of the opposite side, abruptly curved upwards at the distal end, the termination
slightly spatulate, with a short external process and a short recurved slender process. Near the base of
the segment there rises a submembrauous, pointed, compressed, triangular process.

Length 19 millim., width 7.

Hab. Mexico, San Andres Tuxtia in Vera Cruz.

2. Spheriodesmus robustus, sp. n. (Tab. VIII. figg. 7-7 /.)

3. Colour olive-green. Seyments shining, nearly smooth. Form of the tergal plates much like that of the
preceding species, but the keel of the first less produced laterally, and of the second a little wider as
compared with the third; the fourth with its keel also a little wider, its anterior border more rounded.
On the fifth the sulcus defining the thickened rim does not extend beyond the middle of the lower edge.
Posterior border of the keels in the same vertical line as that of the dorsal portion of the segments ;
those of the eighteenth forming a widely rounded angle.

First leg of male modified, thickened, a long dentiform tubercle at the base of the femur which is hollowed
inferiorly and widely rounded above; a smaller hair-tipped tubercle on the lower side of the two
succeeding segments, Sternal areas of fifth and sixth a little narrower than in the preceding species.
Margin of socket of phallopods evenly elevated posteriorly and laterally. Sternal urea between posterior
legs of seventh segment much wider than length of second segment of leg. Phatlopods with basal

SPH ERIODESMUS. 123

segment widely extended laterally; distal segment short but very stout, biramous; the inferior branch
broad, sinuously curved, with rounded spatulate apex, bearing inferiorly a short membranous process
which is probably the seminal style; a long, thinner subsidiary branch projecting upwards and
forwards.

Length 27 millim., width 9-5.

Hab. Mexico, San Andres Tuxtla in Vera Cruz.

Although from the same locality as the preceding, and presenting the same colour
and much the same shape of keels, this species differs essentially from it in its
secondary sexual characters, as shown by the structure of the anterior legs of the male,
of the phallopods, and of the rim of the socket in which the phallopods are lodged.
These organs show that although the females might be difficult to distinguish, the
males are widely divergent.

5. Spheriodesmus prehensor, sp.n. (Tab. VIII. fige. 9, 9a.)

In the shape of the body, the form of the segments and of the keels, very similar to S. robustus from San
Andres Tuxtla, but much smaller and of a uniform whitish-grey colour. The lateral portions of the
fourth and fifth segments are subequal in width, and on the fifth the marginal groove is continued along
the inferior edge and upcurled at the posterior angle.

First leg of male but little modified, the femur (third segment) without tubercle and not excavated inferiorly.
Sterna of fifth and sixth of about the same relative width as in S. oniscus; but the rim of the socket
of the phallopods a little raised laterally carrying up the spiniform tubercle, the elevated edge gradually
subsiding just in front of the coxal segment of the posterior legs of this segment of the body, which are
separated by a sternal area about equal in width to the length of their second segment. Phallopods with
basal segments stout, widely separated proximally but converging distally, with a tubercle on their
anterior face; the distal (tibio-femoral) segment short and stout, biramous, the principal branch spatulate
aud bearing two short slender processes at the apex, the inner or inferior of these the larger of the two
and hooked; the smaller or accessory branch rising from the lower side on the inner edge of the segment
and blade-like and polliciform.

Length 15 millim., width 5.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 8000 feet (H. H. Smith).

4, Spheriodesmus angustus, sp.n. (Tab. IX. figg. 1-1 9.)

3. Colour (in alcohol) pale olivaceous. Body noticeably narrowed posteriorly and gradually sloping down-
wards from about the sixteenth segment, not abruptly sloped quite at the posterior end. Segments
smooth, shining. eels of fourth segment with pronounced sigmoid curve, the anterior border strongly
convex, the posterior correspondingly concave ; keels of fifth slightly wider except at the extremity than
those of the fourth. The posterior borders of the majority of the keels lightly convex and marked off from
the dorsal portion of the segments by a slight notch, which becomes more distinct towards the posterior
end of the body. The posterior angles of the keels from the sixth to the tenth segments rounded, from
the eleventh to the fourteenth rectangular, from the fourteenth to the nineteenth becoming gradually
more and more acute ; posterior border of keel of eighteenth segment forming a decided angle with the
posterior border of the dorsal portion of the segment. Anal tergal plate nearly as long as wide.

First leg of male a little modified, the femur hollowed on its inferior edge, with a low basal anguliform
prominence. Sterna of fifth and sixth segments noticeably narrower than the length of the second
segment of the legs. Socket of phallopods extending laterally almost to the spiniform tubercle, where
its rim is a little raised and thickened, the rim not raised posteriorly. Sternal area between the legs
of the posterior pair of the seventh segment narrow, about equal in width to the length of the second
segment of the legs. Phallopods with basal segments not strongly convergent, distal segments stout,

R2

124 DIPLOPODA.

subcylindrical, biramous, the inferior (principal) branch gradually narrowed and pointed, slightly sinuous

and continuing the line of the main branch of the segment, the superior (subsidiary) branch projecting

upwards and forwards, compressed and pointed, arising nearer to the tip than to the base of the segment.
Length 17-5 millim., width 5°2.

Hab. Guatemaua, Senahu in Alta Vera Paz (Champion).

5. Spheriodesmus stilifer, sp.n. (Tab. IX. figg. 2-2.)

Colour testaceous or ochraceous. Segments lightly rugulose. Body elongate and narrow. Head with
sulcus nearly obsolete. The fourth and fifth segments about equal in width, the keels of both with
rather pronounced sigmoid flexure, the anterior borders strongly convex, the posterior correspondingly
concave ; the posterior borders of all the keels concave, those of the seventh to about the tenth the least
so, those of the segments succeeding the tenth becoming gradually more and more concave towards the
posterior end of the body; the posterior border of the keel of the eighteenth forming a distinct but
obtuse angle with the posterior edge of the dorsa] portion.

First leg of male modified ; the femur with strongly convex upper border, hollowed lower border, and a large
proximal conical process. Sternum of sixth segment narrow, much narrower than length of second
segment of leg and only a little exceeding length of its basal segment. Socket of phallopods extending
almost out to the dentiform tubercle, the edge just behind the tubercle raised to form a convex crest ;
the posterior edge not raised; cove of the posterior legs of the seventh segment comparatively close
together, separated by a space which is less than their width. Phallopods with distal segment subcylin-
drical, incurved apically, with a bifid tip; on the inner side near the tip there is a slender stiliform
‘process bent at right angles ; and above this is an erect spiniform tooth rising some little distance behind
the extremity of the organ.

Length 15 millim., width 5.

Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers).

6. Spheriodesmus digitatus, sp.n. (Tab. IX. figg. 8-3 d.)

Colowr uniformly yellowish (in alcohol), white when dry. Body narrow and elongate, low, gradually sloped
downwards posteriorly. Segments smooth and shining, at most minutely sculptured. eels of fourth
and fifth segments subequal in thickness and rather similar in shape except that the posterior angle of
the fourth is more acute and the posterior border more concave ; the notch on the inferior border of the
keel of the fifth farther back than in other species. Posterior borders of the keels, except quite at the
posterior end of the body, inclined slightly forwards, so that in the posterior half of the body, where
the posterior angle becomes gradually more and more acute, the hinder border is lightly concave. Posterior
border of keel of the eighteenth forming an evenly rounded angle with that of the dorsal portion of the

segment.

First leg of male modified; the femur arcuate, concavo-convex, with a strong basal tooth-like tubercle.
Sternal areas of fifth and sixth narrow, narrower than the length of the basal segment of the legs.
Socket of phallopods extending nearly as far as the spiniform tubercle, the margin slightly raised in this
region, elsewhere not raised. Sternal area separating the posterior legs of the seventh segment narrow,
about equal to the length of the second segment of the legs, but these segments are themselves
comparatively short. Phallopods long and slender; basal segments subeylindrical, not noticeably
inclined inwards ; distal segment long, slender, and cylindrical, biramous, the upper (subsidiary) branch
thin and pointed, slightly curved, directed upwards and forwards so as to lie nearly parallel with the
main branch, which projects straight forwards, is lightly sinuous and a little hooked at the tip; one or
two longish bristles near its distal end externally.

Length 16 millim., width 4.

Hab. GuaTeMata, Volcan de Agua (Séol/).

SPH ERIODESMUS. 125

7. Spheriodesmus coriaceus, sp. n. (Tab. IX. figg, 4-40.)

Colour a fairly uniform testaceous. Form robust and convex as in S. oniscus. Segments very decidedly
coriaceous and subgranular, much more coarsely so than in the other species. General shape of the
segments and their keels very much as in SN. oniscus, except that the second and third tergal plates have
the anterior rim more strongly raised, asif the surface had been excavated just behind it, and the fourth,
instead of sloping gradually and gently downwards from back to front, is somewhat abruptly depressed
in its anterior portion, so that laterally the keels recall to a certain extent those of the Glomeride.
Hairs on legs longer and fewer.

First leg of male unmodified. Sterna of fifth and sixth narrow, noticeably less in width than the length of
the second segment of the legs, about as wide as the width of the first segment of the legs. Socket of
phallopods small, not extending laterally nearly so far as the adjoining spiniform tubercle; its edge not
raised. Sternal area between posterior legs of seventh segment about equal to length of second segment
of legs. Basal segments of phallopods smaller, much less strongly inclined inwards; the distal segment
stoutish in its proximal half, with a low eminence on its upper side; distal portion slender, attenuated,
unbranched, strongly curled upwards and a little outwards, and ending in a simple point.

Length 20 millim., width 7-5.
Hab. GuateMaLa, San Juan in Alta Vera Paz (Champion).

The following species are known to me only from figures and descriptions :—

8. Spheriodesmus mexicanus. |
Glomeridesmus mexicanus, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 828 (1859) ‘; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv.
p. 276, fig. 1 (1860) *.
Spheriodesmus mexicanus, Peters, Mon. Ak. Berlin, 1864, p. 529°; Cook, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus, xxi.
p- 462, t. 51. fig. 1 (1898) “; Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixvili. p. 390, t. 15. figg. 360, 361
(1900) °; Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. x. p. 675, t. 12. figg. 102-104 (1902) °.

Colour black (when alive). Seyments smooth and polished. Body parallel-sided, semicircularly rounded
at the posterior end, strongly convex. eels of fourth and fifth segments very similar in form, but,
according to Cook’s figure, those of the fourth slightly more slender and with the anterior border more
strongly convex and the posterior more strongly concave. ‘The keels of the rest of the segments
apparently very like those of S. oniscus ; the posterior border of the keel of the eighteenth forming a

widely rounded angle with the posterior border of the tergal portion.

First leg of male modified ; femur thick and arched, with a large basal tuberculiform tooth ; the under side
of the following segment hollowed basally. Tibio-femoral segment of phallopod with a submedian larger
or smaller tooth above ; its distal end somewhat abruptly curved upwards and backwards and subequally

bifid apically.
Length 32-33 millim., width 12-13.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova! 2, Orizaba 5, Vera Cruz *.
>]

This species, the type of the genus, is the largest hitherto recorded, although not
much larger than S. robustus, which it closely resembles in form. ‘The phallopods
of the two, however, are totally different. Unfortunately neither Cook, Attems, nor
Carl give any information regarding the shape of the rim of the socket of the
phallopods, nor of the width of the sternal areas of the sixth and seventh segments.

126 DIPLOPODA.

9. Spheriodesmus saussurei.

Spheriodesmus mexicanus, Sauss. & Humb. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 21, figg. ]-le* (1872) (nec
S. mexicanus, Sauss., 1859 and 1860).

Spheriodesmus saussurei, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, lxviii. p. 891 (1900) *; Carl, Rev. Suisse
Zool. x. p. 677, t. 12. figg. 100, 101 (1902) *.

The typical examples of this species were provisionally referred by Saussure and Humbert to the young of
S. mexicanus, although these authors pointed out that, in addition to being considerably smaller, they have
the lobes of the fourth segment wider. On the evidence thus supplied Cook rightly supposed they would
prove to be specifically, if not generically, distinct from S. mexicanus ; and two years later Attems, without
seeing the specimens, proposed to give them the new specific name saussure?. The original examples were
subsequently examined by Carl, who found no specific features to distinguish them from S. mexicanus
apart from those mentioned by Saussure and Humbert and certain structural details in the phallopod
and the first leg of the male. The tubercle at the base of the femur of the first leg in the male is
lower than that of S. mewicanus, the apical portion of the phallopod is much shorter and ends in
a simple point, and the exerescence on the upper side of the distal segment is larger and blunter.

Length 16 millim., width 5.

Hab. Mexico, Cerro de Escamela in the Eastern Cordillera.

10. Spheriodesmus neglectus.
Glomeridesmus mexicanus, Sauss. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. pp. 276-278 (1860) (in part.) °.
Spheriodesmus neglectus, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. p. 676, t. 12. figg. 107, 108 (1902) *.

According to Carl, Saussure originally confounded two species, a larger and a smaller, under the name
Glomeridesmus mexicanus. Specimens of the smaller, regarded by Saussure as young, are pale in
colour, aud have the keel of the fourth segment wider than in the larger one, S. meicanus. In the
first leg of the male, moreover, the basal process of the femur is lower and the fourth segment is evenly
curved above. The phallopod, too, is quite different, being shorter and stouter and lightly bent upwards
at the apex, which is divided into two broad processes, an outer stout at the base and narrowed and
bluntly pointed at the apex, and an inner which is apically truncate, with a rounded lobe above; near
the middle of the upper surface there is a lobate process with convex edges, a sligtly constricted vase,
and an attenuated apex. Other secondary sexual characters are not described.

Length 24 millim., width 8.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova }.

11. Spheriodesmus medius.
Spheriodesmus medius, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. x. p. 675, t. 12. figg. 105, 106 (1902)'.

Colour yellowish-white (in alcohol). As in S. saussuret and S. neglectus, the keels of the fourth segment are
wider than in S. meaicanus.

The first leg of the male bears a long and sharp basal process on the base of the femur, and there is a
much smaller process on the underside of the succeeding segment. The phallopod has no distinct
hairy eminence on the proximal end of the basal segment, and the distal segment is elongate and
semicircularly curved upwards, without any submedian process ; but the tip is somewhat strongly bifid,
both prongs being concavo-convex and gradually attenuated apically.

Length 20 millim., width 7.

Hab. Guatemata (Oltramare cell.).

CYLIONUS. 127

CYLIONUS*.
Cylionus, Cook, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxi. p. 462 (1898).

Ventral surface of the segments, external to the articulation of the legs, with the posterior border much
straighter than in Spheriodesmus, only slightly sinuous and oblique in the anterior half of the body and
becoming quite straight in its posterior half, with a small tooth and notch external to the posterior leg ;
the anterior spiniform tubercle farther away from the base of the anterior leg.

Body highly vaulted, distinctly compressed at the base of the keels, which, at least in the middle and posterior
regions of the body, project slightly obliquely outwards and downwards. Most of the keels gradually
narrowed and pointed; those of the fourth noticeably larger than of the fifth; those of the third
at all events larger than in the genus Spheriodesmus. For sexual characters, see the description of
C. constrictus and also of C. gracilis.

Distribution. Mexico.

The comparatively large size of the keels of the third segment and the small size of
those of the fifth in this genus must be taken into consideration in judging of the
possible relationships between Spheriodesmus and Cyclodesmus, the third segment
being the largest of the series in the latter. It must also be remarked that the
phallopods of C. constrictus show considerable similarity to these same organs in
Cyclodesmus aztecus as depicted by Carl (Rev. Zool. Suisse, x. p. 678, t. 12. fig. 109,
1902).

The typical species of this genus, C. gracilis, Sauss., is unknown to me, except from
the description that Saussure and Humbert have published. It was also unknown to
Cook, who proposed to separate it generically from Spheriodesmus. I have therefore
recharacterised Cylionus from the species described below as new, which in many
of its characters unmistakably resembles C. gracilis. ‘The two may be distinct
generically ; certainly they differ considerably in the structure of their copulatory
organs. But in the present state of our knowledge it seems to me to be preferable to
refer them to the same genus, rather than to erect another genus for this new species.

By the structure of the phallopods the two known species of Cylionus may be
distinguished as follows :—

a. Phallopod terminating in two strongly incurved hooked processes, the upper
bifid, the lower simple and pointed . . . 1. 1 1 ee ee eee ee gracilis.
a‘. Phallopod terminally bent strongly upwards and outwards . . . . « . . « = constrictus.

1. Cylionus constrictus, sp.n. (Tab. IX. figg. 5-5 f)

Colour uniformly yellowish-white when cleared of adherent dirt. Body small and narrow, with the dorsal
surface strongly convex and a shallow constriction at the base of the keels, which incline slightly out-
wards. Antenne lightly incrassate; second, third, and sixth segments subequal and longer than the
fourth and fifth. First tergal plate with postero-lateral border strongly arched, the lateral angle nearly
rectangular. Keels of the second narrower and shorter than those of the third, which are comparatively
large and extend inferiorly as low as those of the fourth, with anterior border convex and posterior border
concave. Keels of fourth moderately large, much larger than those of the fifth, which are intermediate

* Omitted from the Zool. Record, 1898.

128 DIPLOPODA.

in size and shape between the keels of the fourth and sixth. The latter narrow and acutely angular with
convex inferior edge. The five or six succeeding keels like them ; but towards the posterior end of the
body the keels become gradually broader and contiguous, the anterior angle becoming gradually more and
more convex and the posterior more and more pointed and acute. The posterior border of the sixteenth
inclined slightly backwards; that of the nineteenth forming an obtuse angle with the posterior border of
the segment. Dorsally the segments are markedly depressed in front. Anal tergal plate moderately
large, lightly compressed, with projecting inferior (posterior) border, hardly twice as wide as high; sternal
plate with convex, bitubercular posterior margin. Legs with second segment much more than half the
length of the third and longer than the fourth and fifth.

In the male the legs of the first pair are modified, the femur being stout and strongly convexly arched above,
with a conspicuous dentiform tubercle near the base below. Sterna of fifth and sixth segments quite
narrow ; but the second segment of the legs long and curved slightly backwards to make room for the phallo-
pods. Socket of phallopods very large and wide, its margin not noticeably raised; sternal area between
the posterior legs of the seventh segment very narrow, scarcely exceeding the width of the basal segments
of the legs. Phallopods widely separated by a submembranous area; basal segment stout, vertical, convex
externally, concave internally for the lodgment of the distal segment, which arises on their inner aspect,
and from the inferior view at least appear to be two-jointed ; the proximal portion stout and short, with
a posterior and an anterior tuft of bristles, the latter tuft overlapping the proximal end of the distal
portion ; the latter elongate, strongly convex, and distally curved upwards and outwards, with a hair-
tipped excrescence at the base on the outer side and a fringe of hairs on the apex; the hollow of this is
occupied by a less chitinised piece, which also ends distinctly in a pointed process, so that the segment
in question is apically bifid.

Length 8 millim., width about 3.

Hab. Guatemats, Volcan de Agua (Stoll).

2. Cylionus gracilis.

Spheriodesmus gracilis, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1869, p. 149°; Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr.
p. 22, t. 1. figg. 2-2/1 (1872)*; Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixviii. p. 391 (1900)’.

Cylionus gracilis, Cook, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxi. p. 463 (1898) *.

Apart from the original describers, no one seems to have seen examples of this species. It is not easy to
extract from the description and figures any well-marked specific features to separate it from C. constrictus,
except those presented by the structure of the phallopods, which are totally different in the two forms.
It may be added, however, that the third tergal plate does not appear to be so long and wide laterally in
C. gracilis as in C. constrictus. Judging from the figure of C. graczlis, the phallopods are rather less
widely separated, and the distal segment arises much less markedly from the inner aspect of the proximal
than in C. constrictus. The proximal portion of the distal segment also is much longer and bears two
incurved processes, the inferior forming a simple pointed flagelliform hook, and the superior an equally
strongly incurved apically bifid process. Other sexual characters are not recorded; but about the specific

distinctness of the two forms there can be no doubt whatever.
Length 11 millim., width 2:5,

Hab. Mexico, Moyoapan in the Eastern Cordillera !~4.

COLOBODESMUS.
Colobodesmus, Broélemaun, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Ixxiv. p. 847 (1905).
The name Colobodesmus was proposed by Brélemann for a species of this group

apparently resembling Spheriodesmus in external features, but separable from all the
members of that genus in which the phallopods had been described by the structure

COLOBODESMUS. 129

of those organs. So far as was known to Brélemann, the phallopod of Sphwriodesmus,
apart from the basal segment, consisted of an elongated tibio-femoral segment. with or
Without accessory branches and processes, but with the seminal duct opening upon the
seminal style situated at or near the apex of the organ. But in Colobodesmus the large
and stout femoral segment is followed by a very short subannuliform tibial segment,
bearing a short and conical process upon which the seminal duct opens. Beyond this
the tibia is produced into two relatively very large, somewhat lamellar, but irregularly
shaped plates projecting far in advance of the orifice of the seminal duct, which is thus
remote from the distal end of the phallopod.

Brodlemann adds to his diagnosis of this genus the remark that the species described
as S. gracilis by Saussure and Humbert appears to belong to Colobodesmus. If so,
Colobodesmus is a synonym of Cylionus. On the other hand, there cannot be much
doubt that C. gracilis and C. constrictus are congeneric ; and the very considerable
similarity that the phallopod of C. constrictus presents to the phallopod of Cyclodesmus
aztecus (in which the seminal duct opens, according to Carl, just behind the tip
of that organ) points to the existence of the same difference between Cylionus and
Colobodesmus as between Colobodesmus and Spheriodesmus with respect to the termina-
tion of the seminal duct.

In the new species of Spheriodesmus described in the preceding pages I have not
traced the course of the seminal duct and the position of its orifice. But the discovery
of some of these species, notably of S. prehensor, shows that the structure of the
phallopods is far more variable than Brélemann supposed. Nevertheless the structure
of this organ suggests in all cases that the orifice of the seminal duct is subterminal.
Even in S. rolustus there seems to be a distinct seminal style in the hollow of the
shovel-shaped termination of the phallopod. Brélemann unfortunately does not
describe in Colobodesmus the shape of the posterior borders of the inferior surface
of the segments, so that it is unknown whether his genus approaches Spheriodesmus
or Cylionus, or is unlike both in this respect.

1. Colobodesmus biolleyi, Brél.

Colobodesmus biolley?, Brdlemann, Aun. Soc. Ent. Fr. Ixxiv. p. 350, t. 8. figg. 8-12, t. 9.
figg. 13, 14 (1905) *.

From the long description of this species it is difficult to pick out definite specific features apart from those
belonging to the male sex. Brélemann says, however, that the anterior and posterior borders of the keel
of the fourth segment are parallel, a statement which suggests that they are straight in a vertical line, and
not convex and concave as in all the species of Spheriodesmus and Cylionus. If they are curved in
those genera they are not, strictly speaking, parallel. It also appears that the posterior angle of the
keel is not in any sense produced, although acute. The first leg of the male has a large tuberculiform
tooth on the base of the femur, and the latter segment is concave below, convex above. The socket of
the phallopods is wide, as is also the sternal area between the posterior legs of the seventh segment,

Length (?), width up to 8-5 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, San José, Caché (Biolley 1), Cariblanco (Lankester ').
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., October 1909. g

130 DIPLOPODA.

Fam. PYRGODESMIDZ.

Stylodesmide, Cook, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. ix. p. 5 (1895) ; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xviii. p. 82
(1895) ; Amer. Nat. xxx. p. 418 (May 1896) (in part.). ;

Pyrgodesmide, Silvestri, Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) xvi. p. 192 (March 1896) (in part.).

Stiodesmide, Cook, Brandtia, v. pp. 20 & 25 (June 1896).

Pyrgodesmine, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixviii. p. 375 (1900).

Decaporodesmide, Kenyon, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. iv. p. 299 (1899).

Anterior border of first tergal plate produced into a semicircular, grooved, and lobate crest completely
concealing and overlapping the head and forming a continuous series with the keels of the succeeding
segments ; central part of the plate elevated and much higher than the crest. Head with a densely
granular frontal area, Antenne clavate, the fifth segment the longest and thickest. Dorsal surface of
segments elevated, granular, with some larger tubercles forming a pair of longitudinal crests *, one
on each side of the middle line, frequently a similar but smaller crest between this and the base of
the keels. Keels rising low on the sides, depressed or nearly horizontal, marginally grooved on the
dorsal surface, with lateral and posterior borders lobate, the posterior lobe of the lateral border carrying
the pore, when present, frequently on a papilla. Pores commonly suppressed on the 17th, 18th, and
19th segments, sometimes on others. Tergal plate of 20th segment moderately broad, not concealed by
the keels of the 19th. Sterna very narrow. Basal portion of phallopods enlarged to form an arched
hollow receptacle, in which the distal portion is more or less conccaled.

Distribution. Tropical parts of America, Africa, and Asia.

I have adopted for this family the name Pyrgodesmide proposed by Silvestri, because,
as Attems states, Sty/odesmus appears to be a synonym of Urodesmus of Porat, and a
family name must be derived from the one in use for one of the genera contained in
that family. Again, even if in the future it be found that the type of Stylodesmus
differs from that of Urodesmus in characters to which generic status can be given, it
is quite possible that the view may be taken that Urodesmus, Stylodesmus, Herco-
desmus, and others, in which the 19th segment is enlarged so as to conceal partially
the reduced 20th segment, should constitute a family distinct from those genera, like
Lophodesmus, Pyrgodesmus, and Psochodesmus, in which the 19th and 20th segments
are normally constructed.

That this was the opinion of Cook in 1896, though not in 1895, appears from his
latest paper on this group published in ‘ Brandtia,’ where the family name Hercodesmide
is given to the genera with abnormally formed posterior segments and Stiodesmide to
those in which they present the usual conformation ; and it may be that his substitution
of the name Hercodesmide for Stylodesmide was due to the discovery that Stylodesmus
sinks into synonymy under Urodesmus. ‘This, however. is not at all clear from his
writings. In any case the name Stiodesmide is of Jater origin than Pyrgodesmide ;
and the latter should, in my opinion, be used for the two genera recorded in this
monograph, unless Pyrgodesmus with its single median turret-shaped dorsal processes

* In the Ceylonese genus Pyrgodesmus, Poc., the two crests of tubercles are represented by a high
upstanding turret-shaped process.

PYRGODESMIDZ.—LOPHODESMUS, 131

be separated as a family from Lophodesmus, Psochodesmus, and others in which the
dorsal area of the terga is furnished with two crests of enlarged granules. At the
present time, however, this would be, in my opinion, an unnecessary proceeding.
The known Central-American genera belonging to this group may be readily

distinguished as follows :—
a. Dorsal surface fairly uniformly covered with tubercles; the dorsal crests

not coalesced on the 19th and 20th tergal plates; pores present on the

keels of the 9th, 12th, and 16th segments . . . . . . . . . . Lopnopzsmus.
a’. Dorsal surface not uniformly tubercular; the dorsal crests coalesced to

form a single median crest on the 19th and 20th segments; no pores

upon the 9th, 12th, and 16th segments . . . . . . . . . . . DEcAPoRoDESMUS.

Related to these two genera, and lying somewhat midway between them in the
number of pores, is the genus Psochodesmus, Cook * (‘ Brandtia,’ v. p. 25, 1896), the
type species of which, namely P. crescentis, was from Florida; three others assigned
to Cryptodesmus were subsequently described by Broélemann (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Ixvii.
p- 268, 1898) from Venezuela (see Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixviii. p. 370, 1900).
Attems, however, places Psochodesmus in the Cryptodesminee and Lophodesmus in the
Pyrgodesmine. Brélemann’s species of Psochodesmus differ from the Central-American
forms here referred to Lophodesmus in having the anterior border of the keels dentate
and no pores on the keels of the 16th segment.

LOPHODESMUS.

Lophodesmus, Pocock, in Weber’s Reise Niederl. Ostind. iii. p. 872 (1894) ; Attems, Denk. Akad.
Wien, Ixviil. p. 877 (1900) ; Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. x. p. 669 (1902).

Body convex, sometimes strongly elevated and compressed, with strongly inclined keels; keels small or large
with lobate lateral margins, those of. the second segment somewhat larger than those of the third
and fourth segments. First tergal plate with its anterior edge produced into a horizontal crest
completely covering the head and antenna, its anterior border with ten lobes. Head strongly rugose on
the frontal area. Antenne: short, thick, the fifth segment the longest and thickest. Segments tubercular,
with a pair of dorsal crests formed of larger tubercles. Anal tergal plate broad; its margin with six
lobes. Pores very distinct on segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16 t, carried on pale pedicels projecting
from the posterior angle of the laterally bilobate keels. Legs short. Sterna narrow, sulcate. Phallopods
with coxal segment protruding, enlarged to form a dome-shaped cavity facing inwards and lodging the
terminal portion of the organ.

Type, Z. pusillus, Poe.

Distribution. E. India (Flores aud Java); Centra AMERICA.

Two of the species here referred to Lophodesmus appear to belong unmistakably to
that genus, but the third with the large laminate keels, more like those of Oryptodesmus,
may possibly deserve generic distinction. I prefer, however, to leave it in this genus,

* Omitted from the ‘ Zoological Record.’
tT In some specimens, at all events, minute pores appear to be retained on the dorsal side of the posterior
lobe of the keels of the 17th, 18th, and 19th segments.
82

132

DIPLOPODA.

because the other known Central-American representatives have the body less elevated

and

compressed and the keels rather larger and less vertical than the typical form from

Flores, and thus bridge over the interval, to a certain extent, between the latter and

the

larger species here described as L. laminatus.

Key to the Species.

a. Larger (11 mm. long and nearly 3 mm. wide). Keels widely extended and lami-

nate, those of the 19th as broad as the tergal plate of the 20th and extending
nearly as far backwards. . 1. 1. 1 ew eee ee ee ew ee Laminatus.

a’. Smaller (not over 9 mm. long and about 1°5 mm. wide). Keels smaller, less

b.

ob

extended, those of the second segment larger than those of the rest of the body ;
of the 19th smaller than the tergal plate of the 20th and not extending nearly
so far backwards.
Antero-lateral lobe of the keels extending only a little beyond the level of the
postero-lateral lobe, lobe on the posterior border defined by a deep notch. . celatus.
. Antero-lateral lobe of keels extending well beyond the level of the postero-
lateral lobe ; the lobe on the posterior border not defined by a deep notch . perparvus.

1. Lophodesmus laminatus, sp. n. (Tab. X. figg. 1-14.)

3. Colour: upper surface a uniform blackish-brown ; legs, antenne, head (except forehead) testaccous.
Head punctured, the forehead furnished with a coarsely and closely granular patch. Antenne short and

thick, the fifth segment much the longest and thickest, the sixth very short. The whole of the dorsal
surface covered with tubercles or granules. The keels depressed, covering the legs, continuous. The
crest of the first projecting far beyond the head, with border convex and divided into 10 lobules and
marked above with 9 sulci, which radiate backwards from the border. ‘The upper surface of each segment
furnished with two rows of large pointed tubercles, each row consisting of three tubercles, or rarely of
two, when the posterior two unite. The keels projecting at right angles to the long axis of the body;
their anterior and posterior borders parallel to each other and lying respectively in the same straight
line with the anterior and posterior borders of the tergite; the anterior border furnished proximally with
three rounded tubercles, distally entire, with a marginal sulcus, the anterior angle completely rounded,
the lateral margin with a single deep notch prolonged into a groove; the posterior angle also rounded,
but trilobate on the poriferous segments, the median lobe elongate, supporting the pore; the posterior
border marked with three distinct notches which are prolonged into sulci on the dorsal surface and divide
it into three lobes. Anal tergite wide, laminate, divided by four notches into five lobes, of which the
median is itself bifid. Sterna narrow, sulcate. Leys thick ; trochanter more than half the length of
the femur.

Phallopods consisting of a pair of stout, convex, dome-shaped, basal segments, rounded outside, hollow within,

in contact in the middle line and diverging from each other and possibly capable of being closed; the
hollow of each facing that of the other and containing the distal portion of the organ, which fills the
cavity and is in contact with that of the opposite side. Each consisting apparently of a single stout
sclerite, which from its anterior aspect is seen to be deeply sulcate and to be bilobed apically, the external
lobe more projecting than the internal; the former, when viewed from below, appears a rounded boss
connected by a ridge with the smaller and lower internal lobe; when viewed from behind there is seen
to bea crest, in contact with that of the opposite side, running vertically down the sclerite and terminating
in a slight hook-like process. The posterior margin of the hollow formed by the proximal segment
bears numerous stiff sete. Legs of the third pair much thickened in the region of third segment.
Sterna of the fifth segment with a median projection.

Length 11 millim., width 2°38.
Hab. Mexico, 'Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Snvith).

LOPHODESMUS.—DECAPORODESMUS. — 133

2. Lophodesmus celatus, sp. n. (Tab. X. figg. 2, 2a.)

Colour blackish-brown above, with the cylindrical area of the segments pale; underside of segments from
margin of keels to the base of the legs or thereabouts also blackish-brown; head pale, with exception of
the frontal area, which is blackish-brown ; antenne and legs pale; sternal area with a median blackish-
brown streak ; anal sternal plate, valves, and underside of caudal process pale.

Head with frontal area prominent and coarsely granular. Antenne short, second, third, and fourth segments
subequal, fifth much the longest and thickest, sixth longer and thicker than the second and cylindrical,
shorter than the fifth. First tergal plate high, strongly convex from above downwards ; its anterior
border ten-lobed, forming a shelf concealing the head, roughened with tubercles, of which two on the
summit are considerably larger and two a little in advance somewhat larger than the rest. The rest of
the seyments high, strongly convex, but flattish above, with a series of three larger tubercles forming a
crest on each side of the middle line and three others forming a much less distinct crest upon the side of
the dorsal slope. Keels of second noticeably wider than the others and three-lobed, the anterior lobe the
largest, the posterior the smallest ; the anterior border entire, the posterior with a distinct lobate tooth.
The rest of the keels laterally two-lobed ; but the posterior lobe where it carries the pores trilobulate,
the median lobule being the pore-pedicel ; the posterior border with one well-defined but smaller lobe,
which is the lowest and largest of a series of ill-defined lobes extending along the posterior border of the
segments ; anterior edge of keels sinuous, entire, but at the base passing into the lobulate anterior edge
of the median portion of the segments; the anterior angle of the keels back to the 16th segment rect-
angular but rounded, of the 17th, 18th, and 19th more and more obtusely angled owing to the backward
inclination of the keels ; in the posterior half of the body the notch which defines the posterior lobe forms
a deep fissure as in Oyrtodesmus. Anal tergal plate widely rounded, convex, and marginally six-lobed,
the pale caudal process just protruding from beneath the median lobes.

Length 9 millim., width about 1°5.

Hab, Guaremata, Volcan de Agua (Stol/).

3. Lophodesmus perparvus, sp. n. (Tab. X. figg. 3, 3a.)

©, In general features closely resembling the preceding species, but smaller and with decided traces of a
median lateral crest of larger tubercles beneath the dorsal crest, as in the typical species of the genus
L. pusillus, and with the postero-lateral pore-bearing lobe of the keels much less distinctly trilobulate,
the anterior lobule practically absent, so that the stout pore-pedicel is itself separated from the anterior
lobe by a deepish notch; the anterior angle of the keels more widely ‘rounded and the anterior lobe
decidedly more prominent and projecting well beyond the pore; the posterior lobe of the keels defined
by two shallow notches. The first tergal plate with two transverse rows, each consisting of four large
tubercles.

3. With secondary sexual characters as is L. laminatus; structural details of the phallopods not determined.
Seminal processes of coxe of second legs short and merely tuberculiform. Legs of third pair strongly
thickened in the region of the third segment.

Length about 7 millim., width about 1.

Hab. Gvuatemata, Volcan de Agua (Séod/).

DECAPORODESMUS.

Decaporodesmus, Kenyon, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. iv. p. 299 (1899).

Oligodesmus, Gill, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. iv. p. 800 (1899) (nee Oligodesmus, Attems, Denk. Akad.
Wien, Ixvil. p. 3822, 1899).

Differing from Lophodesmus principally in having the pores suppressed on the 9th, 12th, and 16th segments,

so that there are only five pairs of pores on the 5th, 7th, 1Uth, 13th, and 15th segments respectively, and
in the coalescence of the dorsal rows of tubercles on the 19th and 20th tergal plates to form a single

134 DIPLOPODA.

median crest, and in the presence of two definite rows of tubercles on the dorsal surface external to the
upper admedian row.
Type, D. motzoronginis, Kenyon.

Distribution. Mexico.

Kenyon made a special family for the reception of this genus, but it obviously falls
into line with the genera Pyrgodesmus, Lophodesmus, Urodesmus, and others, for which
the group-name Pyrgodesmine had been previously proposed.

1. Decaporodesmus motzoronginis.

Decaporodesmus motzoranginis (sic), Kenyon, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. iv. p. 299 (1899) *.

Colour brown above, lighter below. eels prominent, not decurved, with outer margins bilobed. First tergal
plate with ten tubercles on either margin of the crest overhanging the head. Keels of second segment
projecting forwards ; the rest projecting outwards, except at the posterior end, where they incline more
and more backwards. Last tergal plate pointed (?), marginally 5-tuberculate. Dorsal crest consisting
of two or three tubercles and increasing in height posteriorly. The crests converging on the 18th
segment, and uniting on the 19th and 20th to form a median crest which projects considerably
backwards. Between these crests and the base of the keels there are two rows of simple tubercles, the

inner of these rows more prominent than the outer.
Length about & millim., width ?

Hab. Mexico, Motzorongo in Vera Cruz (Bruner !).

Fam. PERIDONTODESMIDZ, nov.

Antenne widely separated, the distance between them about equal to the length of their three basal segments,
clavate, the sixth segment the longest and thickest. First tergal plate small, without keels, Segments
2 to 19 with well-developed, nearly horizontal keels, the lateral and posterior edges of which are armed
with strong teeth each tipped with a bristle, the median area of the segments with three rows of setiferous
tubercles. Keels of second segment much larger than those that immediately succeed them. Pores
normal in number, placed above the lateral border of the keels in their posterior half. Caudal process
triangularly pointed; sternal plate with broad truncate posterior border. Sternal areas moderately
wide. Legs with sixth segment longer than the third. Phallopods, where known, of a very special
type and different from those of all described Polydesmoids.

Distribution. CENTRAL AMERICA.

Cook (‘ Brandtia,’ v. pp. 15-16, 1896) suggested that the genus Peridontodesmus
might belong to the Xystodesmide, a family of which the characters do not appear to
have been categorically detailed. It was established for several genera based upon
species from tropical West Africa and South America, amongst the latter being Trachelo-
desmus, Peters. I cannot, however, find any evidence of relationship between
Peridontodesmus and Trachelodesmus. Rather does it appear to me possible that Peri-
dontodesmus is allied to Cryptudesmus, of which the type, according to Cook’s selection,
is C. olfersiz, Brandt. In the latter, according to this author (‘ Brandtia,’ p. 19, 1896),
the terga have three rows of setiferous tubercles, the lateral and posterior margins of
the keels are sinuato-dentate, the pores are normal and submarginal, the antenne are

PERIDONTODESMIDA.—PERIDONTODESMUS. 135

clavate, and the first tergal plate has an anterior row of granules—features which are
also possessed by Peridontodesmus. ‘The latter, however, is obviously a more primitive
type, as is shown by the small size of the first tergal plate and the width of the sternal
areas; and it may well be that Peridontodesmus is allied to the ancestral type from
which Cryptodesmus is descended; but since no intermediate genera are, so far as I
am aware, known, and since the structural differences between them are considerable,
I see no course open at present but to regard Peridontodesmus as the type of a distinct
family.

PERIDONTODESMUS.

Peridontodesmus, Silvestri, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xvi. p. 197 (1896) ; Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien,
— Ixviii. p. 358 (1900).

Integument coriaceous. Head without frontal sulcus. Antenne rather widely separated, moderately long,
incrassate to the sixth segment, which is much the largest of the series, third segment much longer than
the second or fourth. first tergal plate transversely subelliptical, much wider than the head, but not
covering it anteriorly ; its anterior edge finely, its lateral angle more strongly toothed. eels of the
other segments large, horizontal, high on the sides, so that the dorsal surface is moderately flat, with
untoothed anterior border and strongly toothed lateral and posterior borders ; the metazonites with three
transverse rows of small setiferous tubercles; a shallow groove lying between the first and second rows ;
a few small setiferous tubercles on the upper side of the keels; the large marginal teeth also bearing
setee. Pores normal in number, but small and placed just above the edge of the postero-lateral
tooth. Anal tergal plate triangular, pointed, the terminal portion not constricted. Valves flattened,
lightly convex above, flattened inferiorly ; margins very feebly thickened. Anal sternal plate wide, sides
strongly converging, posterior border straight ; sete widely separated. Sternal areas longer than wide,
but not narrow. Legs with second segment long, nearly as long as the third, which is shorter than the
sixth.

Phallopods with coxal segment very large, fused anteriorly to its fellow of the opposite side, with
long curved calcar in the normal position and a second calcar projecting inwards from its outer edge;
distal segment very stout at the base, narrowed distally and tapering into a longish flagelliform process ;
attached to its lower surface there is a stout, crescentically curved rod, which tapers posteriorly into a
shorter flagelliform process and anteriorly into a much longer and thinner curved flagellum. On the
inner side of the thickened portion of the distal segment there arises a subcylindrical piece which projects
forwards at first, then narrows and curves abruptly downwards on the inner side of the two forwardly
directed flagella, is sinuous distally, and ends in a point. This is probably the seminal style. Genital
processes of second leg of male short, with blunt apex.

Type, P. woodranus.

Distribution. CENTRAL AMERICA.

The male-characters of the typical species of this genus, P. woodianus, are
unrecorded, those given above being taken from the males of the species from
Guatemala described below. Hence it is impossible to know which features they
present have a specific and which a generic value.

Key to the Species.

a. Antero-lateral tooth of the keels, except at the posterior end of the body,
large, acute, and projecting as far laterally as the pore-bearing tooth ;
lateral border of keels of second with four teeth . . . . . . . + + flagellatus.

156 DIPLOPODA.

a'. Antero-lateral tooth of keels smaller, not long and acute, and not projecting
so far laterally as the second and third teeth; lateral border of keels of
second segment with three teeth . . 2. .. .,

oe (? in woodianus.)
6. Antero-lateral tooth of keels, except at posterior end of the body,

moderately large but truncate; very few tubercles on the keels. . . . Airsutus.
4’. Antero-lateral tooth of keels a minute sharp denticle; keels more
tubercular than the median area of the segments . . . . . . . . woodianus.

1. Peridontodesmus flagellatus, sp.n. (Tab. X. figg. 4-4 9.)

2. Colour nearly uniformly testaceous or yellow-brown. Head beset with short hairs inferiorly ; antenne
similarly clothed distally. First tergal plate with large horizontal keels, its anterior border with a row
of eight small setiferous tubercles increasing in size externally and passing into the teeth of the antero-
lateral border of the keel, of which there are five, the posterior being the smallest ; posterior border of
the keel directed forwards and outwards ; the median area of the plate only lightly convex and bearing
three rows of tubercles in addition to those on the anterior border. The rest of the segments very
similar in form to one another; each with three rows of tubercles, the posterior row being on the
posterior border; a shallow transverse sulcus lying between the first and second rows, on all but the
second, third, fourth, and nineteenth ; on the keels there are only about four or five tubercles continuing
the anterior and median rows; the median area of the segments lightly convex ; the keels large, set high
on the sides, nearly horizontal ; from the second to about the sixth directed slightly forwards, but the
forward inclination less and less marked towards the middle of the body, those of the mid-region being
transverse ; from the 16th to the 19th directed more and more backwards; the keels at the posterior
end more squared or rhomboid than those at the anterior end, which are wider than long and narrowed
externally, except on the second; in all cases the keels as long as the segment, with the anterior border
straight or becoming lightly convex in the posterior half of the body; the anterior angle well marked,
acute in front, squared in the mid-region, and obtuse posteriorly ; the second with well-marked posterior
angle; its lateral edge armed with four strong teeth, the first and fourth being respectively upon the
anterior and posterior angles ; its posterior border also with four teeth, whereof the internal is smaller
and lobate or subtubercular; from the third to about the tenth the lateral and posterior teeth form a
coutinuous curved series ; on the poreless keels there are three strong lateral teeth and four posterior
teeth, the latter becoming gradually smaller and more rounded and lobate internally ; the second and
third lateral teeth with a supplementary tooth on most of the segments ; on the pore-bearing keels there
are two lateral teeth in front and a large subdivided tooth on the posterior angle, which becomes more
and more acute and produced from about the 16th to the 19th; three teeth on the posterior border of
the 17th, two on the 18th, and one on the 19th, but the teeth on these keels all smaller than those
of the segments preceding them, and the anterior with a supplementary denticle. Pores conspicuous,
normal in number, situated above the edge and rather more than their own diameter internally to and in
front of the angular notch dividing the large tooth into its two moieties.

3. Like the 2, but smaller and with the keels a little larger and more horizontal; and, at least in the
specimens examined, there is no anterior supplementary tooth on the second and third teeth on the lateral
border of the keels. For structure of the phallopods, reference may be made to the generic diagnosis and
to the figures.

Length of 2 9 millim., width 2; length of g 7 millim., width about 1:5.

Hab. Guatemaua, Cholhuitz (Stol/).

2. Peridontodesmus hirsutus, sp. n. (Tab. X. figg. 5, 5a.)
2. Colour (in alcohol) dark blackish-green, fading when dry to pale olive-grey, without the yellowish or
brownish tinge of P, flagellatus, Very similar to the latter, but larger, and differing in the following
particulars : the keels are narrower and less lamellar, those of the second are only armed laterally with

PERIDONTODESMUS.—PLATYRACHIDA., 137

three instead of four teeth, the anterior tooth being large and having a decidedly convex anterior border,
the total number of teeth on the keel being six and a minute posterior internal tooth instead of seven
and a small rounded tooth ; the antero-lateral tooth is short and truncate at the apex instead of acute, and
does not project so far laterally as the second and third teeth; as in P. flagellatus, there are three very
distinct rows of tubercles on the median area of the terga and only a few upon the keels.

Total length, 2, about 12 millim., width 2.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

3. Peridontodesmus woodianus.
Polydesmus (Scytonotus) woodianus, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1869, p. 152.
Polydesmus woodianus, Humb. & Sauss. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 52, t. 1. tigg. 18, 13 @ (1872).
Peridontodesmus woodianus, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, lxviii. p. 359, t. 15. fig. 364 (copied)
(1900).

The description of this species supplies very few particulars enabling me to compare it accurately with the two
just described. In two characters mentioned by Humbert and Saussure it differs markedly from them,
namely, in having the upper side of the keels more thickly tubercular than the median area of the
segments and in having the lateral angles of the first tergal plate rounded, an epithet by no means
applicable to the pointed and toothed angle of this plate in P. flagellatus and P. hirsutus. The full
figure of the type of P. woodianus gives only a vague idea of the general appearance of the animal and
cannot be trusted for details; the dentition, indeed, is not the same on the right and left keels of
individual segments. More confidence may probably, however, be placed in the much enlarged figure of
the dorsal side of one of the segments, which shows that the antero-lateral tooth is minute and sharp,
and quite different from the corresponding tooth in the two new species here described. It is merely a
minute denticle, and does not project so far laterally as the second tooth, which is itself surpassed by the
large bifid pore-bearing tooth.

Length 12 millim., width 2.

Hab. Mexico, Eastern Cordillera.

Fam, PLATYRACHIDA.

Large, very large, or medium-sized Polydesmoidea, with the caudal process not triangular or cylindrical, but
broad, squared, oblong, or semicircular, and projecting well beyond the keels of the 19th segment, which
are small. In all the Central-American species the antennee are short and rather close together, and in
all genera except Aphelidesmus, which is included with some doubt in this family, the phallopods are
simple, and the accessory branch, when present, rises near the extremity of the organ as a protection or
guard to the seminal stile.

Distribution. Oriental Region eastward from Tenasserim ; South America, Central

America, and with a few outlying forms in the Southern States of North America ;

absent from the Australian, Ethiopian, and Holarctic Regions.

The characters upon which this family rest are not very satisfactory. Nevertheless,
the numerous genera that have been established are united by a complex of
structural features which enables them to be distinguished at once from all other
Polydesmoidea.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., October 1909. T

138 . DIPLOPODA.

Subfam. PLATY RACHINA.

Typical members of the family with the pores opening upon the upper side of the keels, sometimes close to the
lateral edge, sometimes remote from it, and not insunk in distinct depressions, but surrounded by a thick
circular rim, giving them the appearance of a cannon’s mouth. Lateral edge of keels never smooth and
thickened as in most Polydesmoidea, but generally narrow and granular, like the rest of the upper side
of the keel.

Distribution. Central America (Costa Rica); West Indies; northern part of South
America; Oriental Region east of Tenasserim.

The Central-American representatives of this group known to me fall into two
well-marked sections, one of which is represented by a single species, the other by a
considerable number. For the former I adopt the name Tirodesmus given by Cook
to an allied form. For the latter I retain the old name Platyrachus, C. Koch, of
which the type, P. scaber, Koch, came from Brazil, and resembles in general features
the species here referred to that genus. It must be remembered, however, that the
generic diagnosis here given of Platyrachus was not taken from the type-species, in
which the secondary sexual characters of the male and other important features are
unknown, but from the Central-American forms enumerated below. Of the latter,
however, I have seen representatives of only six out of the ten species. In the case
of the remaining four, the descriptions given by their describers are not sufficiently
detailed to supply the information necessary to give assurance as to their agreement
in all respects with the diagnosis of the genus Platyrachus given below, and it is
possible that disagreement from it may be found to occur in one or more minor
points. This, however, would by no means necessarily involve exclusion of such
deviating species from the genus; it would only necessitate modification of the
generic diagnosis to meet the discrepancies.

The two genera may be contrasted as follows :—

a. Phallopods arcuate, incurved and crossing at the apex, which is strongly

upcurled, the sternum of the sixth segment excavated to receive them; keels

of mid-region of body quadrate, with anterior border projecting at right angles

to long axis of body, and with convexly rectangular anterior angle; legs and

antenne very short. . . . 2. 2 1 1 ee ew ee ee ee ee) PATYRACHUS.
b. Phallopods subparallel, projecting straight forwards, not apically upcurled ;

sternum of sixth segment in ¢ not excavated; keels aliform, the antero-

lateral border forming a nearly continuous arch directed obliquely outwards

and backwards, and uninterrupted by any marked anterior angle; legs and

autenne much longer. . . . 2 eee ee ee ee ee) OT RODESMUS.

PLATYRACHUS.

Platyrachus, C. Koch, Syst. Myriap. s. 181. 1. itl. Bandchen zu (Panzer) Herrich-Schiaffer, Krit.
Revis. Insektenfaune Deutsch]. 1847; Die Myriapoden, i. p. 47 (18638).

Polydesmus (Stenonia), Saussure, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 581 (1860).

Platyrrhacus, Attems, Brélemanu, Carl (in part.).

PLATYRACHUS. 139

Keels of mid-region of body not narrowed externally, quadrate, with anterior border projecting at right angles

to the long axis of the body, with marked anterior angle and long lateral border parallel to the long axis
of the body ; upper surface of metazonites closely and finely granular; the rows of tubercles faint ; the
first tergal plate evenly convex, not sunken in the middle; the anterior and posterior borders scarcely
elevated, the keels but little developed, not directed forwards, the widest point of the plate being about
the middle ; the pearl-like tubercles but little developed on this and the succeeding terga. Antenne short,
in 2 second segment only a little longer than the first, its length less than twice its thickness. Legs also
short ; third segment only a little exceeding the width of the sternal area ; sixth segment not so tapering
and markedly wider at its distal end than the width of the claw. Phallopods arcuate, curving inwards
and crossing at the distal end, which is markedly upeurled ; sternum of sixth segment excavated, especially
posteriorly, to receive them.

Type, P. scaber, C. Koch.

Distribution. Costa Rica and the northern countries of South America.

Analytical Key to the Central-American Species.

a. Pores remote from the lateral edge of the keels.

a’. Lateral edge of keel with about five large spiniform teeth ; colour said to be as
in P. bilineatus . ee ee ee ee ew mexticanus.
b'. Lateral edge of keel with rounded or sharp tuberculiform teeth.
a’, Dorsal surface with two narrow pale stripes on a dark ground . . . . . bilineatus.
b?, Dorsal surface not so coloured; phallopod strongly bent at its distal end ;
seminal stile short, sharply bent forwards; auxiliary branch wide,
laminate (except in P. riparius).
a’. Dorsal surface yellow, with a dark brown band extending on each side at
base of keels . 2. 1. 1. Lo woe ew ew ee wes Oivirgatus.
b°. Dorsal surface altogether brown, or brown with the whole or part of the
keels yellow.

a‘, Auxiliary branch of phallopod sickle-sshaped . . . . . . . « . miparius.
b*. Auxiliary branch of phallopod laminate.
a’. First tergal plate with its circumference studded with tubercles . . limonensis.

b°. First tergal plate with at most a row of indistinct tubercles on its
anterior and posterior borders.
a°®, Only the outer half of the keels yellow; their lateral edge with

five or six pointed tubercular teeth . . . 2. 1. . we. fraternus.
b°, The entire upper surface of the keels yellow; their lateral edge
with very low and small, mostly elongated tubercles. . . . . éristani.

b. Pores near the lateral edge of the keel, their distance from it from twice to less

than once the diameter of the pore-area; phallopods less strongly curved
distally than in species mentioned under 4”, with the seminal stile longer and
the auxiliary branch sickle-shaped.
a’. Brown, with yellow keels; less convex.
a’. Keels somewhat strongly toothed like those of P. mevicanus . . . . « montivagus.
_ Keels with tubercular lateral border. . . . an . . propinguus.
. Colour almost as in P. bivirgatus, yellow with a brown stripe on each side
strongly convex. 2. 1. we ee ee stenopterus.

2

140 DIPLOPODA.

1. Platyrachus bilineatus.
Polydesmus bilineatus, Lucas, Hist. Nat. des Crust., Arachn. et Myriap. p. 523 (1840)*; Gervais,
Ins. Apt. iv. p. 107°.
Polydesmus (Stenonia) bilineatus, Saussure, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 582, t. 7. fig. 50 (1860) *.
? Platyrrhacus bilineatus, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixviii. p. 847 (1900) *.

Colour. Head, antenne, first tergal plate, and dorsal area generally dark olive-brown, with two narrow whitish
stripes, somewhat widely separated from each other, extending from the 2nd to the 18th segments ;
anterior and lateral edges of the keels, the tubercles along the posterior border of the segments and on
the lateral margins of the keels also whitish ; underside brown or yellow-brown.

Apart from colour, this species seems to resemble for the most part those grouped round P. limonensis. The
keels are large, standing somewhat high on the sides, and horizontal; their anterior edges are convex,
their posterior edges concave, both being serrulated; lateral margin with about five tuberculiform teeth ;
the posterior angle produced and acute in the hinder half of the body, but not spiniform. Pores remote
from the edge. Dorsal area granular; a row of tubercles along the posterior edge and two less distinct
rows in front. Caudal process rounded.

Length of $ (typical example) 63 millim., width 11.

Hab. Mextco !-3,

Saussure’s description of this species was taken from the typical example in the
Paris Museum. It is said to have come from Mexico. The example described by
Attems ‘ as P. bilineatus came from Oliverea, in Peru, and probably represents a different
species. It measures 80 millim. long and 18 broad.

2. Platyrachus mexicanus.
Polydesmus mexicanus, Lucas, Hist. Nat. des Crust., Arachn. et Myriap. p. 523 (1840)*; Dict. Sci.
Nat. d’Orbigny, Myriap. t. 1. fig. 3°; Gervais, Ins. Apt. iv. p. 107°.
Polydesmus (Stenonia) mexicanus, Saussure, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 534, t. 7. fig. 51 (1860) *.
?? Platyrrhacus mexicanus, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixviii. p. 848 (1900) ’.

Colour obscure, with two pale longitudinal lines as in P. bilineatus, but believed by Saussure to be attributable
to discoloration.

Large ; keels horizontal, lamellar, very wide, shaped as in P. bilineatus, but narrowing a little externally in
the median portion of the body; their anterior border less regularly arched, being more strongly arched
proximally than distally and not denticulated ; the posterior border less regularly concave ; the external
border not finely toothed as in P. bilineatus, but armed with four or five long spiniform teeth, of which
the last is divided posteriorly and is a little incurved on segments 15 and 16 to form a kind of hook ;
keels of 17th less regularly toothed and more or less truncated posteriorly. Pores very large and
far removed from the lateral edge of the keels. Dorsal surface obscurely granular; a row of tubercles
traceable along their posterior border.

Length (minus head and segments 1 to 5) 75 millim., width 17. The total length was probably over
90 millim.

Hab. Mexico !~,

This species appears to be very incompletely known. ‘The examples that Attems
identified and described under the name P. mewxicanus differ in several respects from
the type as described by Saussure, in size, colour, height of the keels, shape of
their anterior border, distance of the pore from the lateral margin, tuberculation of

PLATYRACHUS. 14]

tergal surface, &c., and there appears to me to be very little doubt that he had in his
hands examples of the species to which Carl subsequently gave the name P. montivaqus.

3. Platyrachus tristani, sp.n. (Tab. X. figg. 6-6 0.)

3. Colour black, with the entire keel yellow, so that the yellow area on each side of the upper surface is equal
in width to the black area; head black; antenne and legs brown, with their two basal segments and the
ventral surface clearer yellow-brown.

Frontal area of head granular, with two large tubercles. Dorsal surface very distinctly granular, much more
coarsely so than in P. montivagus, and in consequence much less shining; the rows of tubercles traceable
only on the posterior segments. First tergal plate with its angle rectangular and blunt; the border in
front of the angle very obscurely tuberculate. eels better developed than in P. montivagus, a little
higher on the side, and nearly horizontal, so that the dorsal surface is flatter. The lateral margins of all
the keels only very slightly irregular, owing to their being studded with small shining tubercles—in no
sense of the word describable as teeth. Anterior border of the keels lightly convex and forming an
even curve with the convex anterior angle; the posterior border straight or, at the posterior end of
the body, lightly concave; from about the 7th to the 17th segments the posterior angle is a little
produced and spiniform, very feebly so on the anterior of these segments and not strongly so on those of
the postericr half of the body; posterior angle of the 18th sharp, of the 19th rounded. Pores remote
from the margin, as in P. mevicanus; lateral edge of some of the pore-bearing keels with a shallow
indentation, which, however, never extends nearly so far as the pore; anterior border of keels from
about the 13th to the 18th very finely serrulate, and the posterior border from about the llth. Second
tergal plate with its posterior angle more produced and more square than in P. montivagus. Caudal
process semicircular. Anal sternal plate narrower than in P. montivagus, with the tubercles much
larger and separated by a narrower space. Sternal areas of body slightly hollowed out, but neither
longitudinally nor transversely sulcate ; each furnished with four low tubercles in the posterior half of the
body, but in the anterior half these are more pronounced, being especially well developed upon the 5th,
8th, and 9th; on the sternum of the 6th, which is excavated, the anterior tubercles are large and the
posterior absent ; and there is a very distinct pair at the base of the legs of the 7th segment. A small
conical tooth on the sternum of the 4th. Rim of cavity of phallopods with a groove just below it, as in
P.montivagus, Phallopods a little less strongly bowed in their proximal half than in that species, so that
there is a narrower space between them; distally crossed; the upcurved portion sublaminate, blunt,
with sinuous edges; the seminal stile very short and slender and turned forwards in a direction nearly
at right angles to that of the sublaminate auxiliary portion.

Length of g 94 millim., width 14.

Hab. Costa Rica, La Palma (7Zristan).

Closely allied to P. limonensis, Attems, and P. fraternus, Carl; but the descriptions
given of the typical examples of these two species compel me to regard the example
above described as representing a form distinct from both. As regards P. limonensis,
Attems says that the circumference of the first tergal plate is studded with larger
tubercles, that the keels of segments 2 to 4 are “nach ruckwarts gezogen,” that the
colour is chestnut-brown, and that the basal segments of the legs of the sixth pair are
furnished with a long conical process (“* Zapfen”’). This last is a very remarkable
character, if it exists in reality. Can it be that Attems has mistaken the rather long
vertical sternal process for a coxal outgrowth ? Apart, however, from this, the other
characters enumerated are sufficient to enforce the separation of P. tristani from
P. limonensis.

With regard to P. fraternus, this species was separated by Carl from P. limonensis for

142 DIPLOPODA.

the same reason that I separate P. tristani from P. limonensis, although Carl accepted
without question the truth of the statement regarding the presence of the coxal tooth
on the legs of the sixth pair. My reasons for treating P. tristani as distinct from
P. fraternus are that Carl says that the anal sternal plate in P. fraternus bears two
small warts as in P. bivirgatus, whereas these warts are of large size in P. tristani, as
they are in P. limonensis; that he describes the outer half of the keels only as yellow,
instead of the entire keel; and, finally, that the statement that the lateral edges of the
keels are furnished with from four to five “ ziemlich spitze Hackerzahne” does not in
the least express the character of the armature of the keels in P. tristant, which, as has
been said above, are in no sense sharp or tooth-like.

The phallopods seem to be of practically the same structure in the three species
enumerated above.

4, Platyrachus limonensis.
Platyrrhacus limonensis, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixviii. p. 344, t. 14. fig. 819 (1900) *.

Hab. Costa Rica, Pert Limon }.

The typical male example of this species measures 116 millim. long and 18 millim.
wide. The enumeration of its essential characters under the heading of P. tristani
makes a repetition of the description given by Attems superfluous.

5. Platyrachus fraternus.
Platyrrhacus fraternus, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. x. p. 655, t. 11. fig. 71 (1902)*; Brélemann, Ann.
Soc. Ent. France, Ixxiv. p. 342 (1905).

Hab. Costa Rica, La Palma 1600 metres, Caché, Atlantic slope 1000-1100 metres,
San José, Port Limon (Biolley 2), Cariblanco 600 metres (Lankester °).

Specimens measured by Carl were from 90-100 millim. long and from 16-19 millim.
wide. Brélemann, however, points out that his examples from Cariblanco are smaller
than those from La Palma, while adults from Caché do not exceed 60 miliim. in length.
For the distinctive features of this species, see above under the heading P. tristani.

6. Piatyrachus bivirgatus.
? Polydesmus (Odontodesmus) python, Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Berlin, 1864, p. 543°.
Platyrrhacus bivirgatus, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. x. p. 652, t. 11. fig. 65 (1902) *.

Closely allied to P. limonensis, P. fraternus, and P. tristani, but totally different in colour. The greater part

. of the upper surface is yellow with a large brown patch on each side of the tergal area, where it passes

into the keel; the patch forms, with the brown area of the sides of the prozonites, a continuous brown

band extending from the Ist to the 18th tergal plates; each patch is a little narrower than the

yellow area of the keel and about half the width of the median yellow area of the back; the caudal

process of the anal tergal plate is yellow, and there is a yellow patch on the summit of the head; the
ventral surface of the body is also paler than in the others.

‘The tubercles of the anal sternal plate in the one specimen I have examined are considerably smaller than

PLATYRACHUS. 143

those of P. tristant and agree with Carl’s description of them. ‘I'he armature of the lateral borders of the
keels is as in P, tristani and not as in P. fraternus. The dorsal surface shows distinct traces of the
polygonal areas so noticeable in such a species as P. clathratus, Gerv., from Bogota, and the granulation
is less distinct than in P. tristani. The phallopod, judging from Carl’s figure, although very like that of
P. limonensis, P. fraternus, and P. tristani, has the sublaminate distal portion less expanded.
Length, 2, 90-100 millim., width 17-20.
» ds, 90 » » 17
Hab. Costa Rica!, San José (Biolley®), La Palma 1600 metres (Biolley, Tristan),

Carrillo ( Underwood).

It is highly probable that this form, as Brélemann has suggested, will prove to be
the same as the earlier, but insufficiently described Platyrachus python, Peters, which
also came from Costa Rica (Hoffmann). The single female upon which the species
was based measured 100 millim. long and 41 millim. wide. The colour appears to be
the same as in P. bivirgatus, but Peters says that the dorsal surface is smooth and
without conspicuous granulation. As I have elsewhere pointed out, however, old and
large examples of a species of this group are commonly much smoother than smaller
and younger individuals. Hence the differences mentioned may merely be a matter
of age.

7. Platyrachus riparius.
Platyrrhacus riparius, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. x. p. 641, t. 12. fig. 83 (1902) °.

Colour dark brown above, with the borders of the keels paler ; ventral surface and legs pale brown.

Female with dorsal surface more strongly vaulted and keels more sloped than in the male, which is flatter.
Thickly granular above, more coarsely on the posterior than on the median segments, the former also
showing more distinctly the three rows of small tubercles. Sometimes vestiges of polygonal areas
observable. No tubercles on the head. eels wide, except those of the anterior three and posterior four
segments, projecting at right angles to the long axis of the body ; their anterior border straight or lightly
convex, unarmed; anterior angle blunt; lateral border nearly smooth, lightly sculptured or armed
with from two to five low blunt tubercular teeth; posterior border from the 5th to the 16th segments
nearly straight, serrulate; posterior angle from the 7th to the 16th segments bearing a short, blunt,
small, somewhat inwardly-directed, sometimes spiniform tooth. Pores far removed from the lateral
border. Caudal process quadrate, with parallel sides. Sternal areas unarmed. Phallopod stout, espe-
cially at the base, ending in two branches, the seminal stile shorter than the outer auxiliary branch,
which is sickle-shaped.

Length 55 to 60 millim., width 11.

Hab. Costa Rica, Rio Général, Pacific slope (Biolley),

Although this species has the pores remote from the edge of the keels, in the forn
of the phallopod it more nearly resembles P. montivagus.

8. Platyrachus montivagus. (Tab. X. figg. 7-7 4.)
? Platyrrhacus mexicanus, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixviil. p. 348 (1900) * (? P. mexicanus, Lucas).
Platyrrhacus montivagus, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. x. p. 662, t. 12. figg. 84-88 (1902) *; Brélemann,
Aun. Soe. Ent. France, Ixxiv. p. 342 (1905) ®.

I have described below at some length the specimens I refer to this species, namely, a series obtained by

144 DIPLOPODA.

Rogers in Costa Rica and a few from La Palma collected by J. Tristan, because certain differences they
present from Carl’s description of P. montivagus suggest that they represent a different species, unless his
diagnosis and figures are inaccurate in certain particulars, as I assume to be the case.

2. Colour chocolate-brown, with the external half of the keels and the caudal process yellow; antenne and
legs rather paler brown, the ventral surface and the two basal segments of the legs yellowish-brown.
Body very gradually attenuated from about the 15th segment forward. Dorsal surface coriaceous, sub-
granular, the three rows of tubercles only just detectable; back convex; keels of moderate size, and
inclined downwards and slightly outwards. First tergal plate slightly wider than the head, its lateral
angle rectangular ; the edge just in front of the angle very weakly tuberculate ; a row of indistinct tubercles
along the anterior edge of the plate. Keels of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th directed forwards and downwards, nearly
parallel-sided, the lateral border convex and armed with five small tuberculiform teeth. On the rest
of the segments the keels have their anterior border lightly convex and the posterior lightly concave, the
convexity and concavity increasing towards the posterior end of the body; from about the 11th and
12th, backwards, the anterior border is serrulate, and the posterior border also from about the 7th;
the lateral border is armed with about five teeth, which are sometimes large and spiniform, sometimes
smaller and more tuberculiform; and near the middle of the lateral margin there is a shallower or
deeper angular notch, near the apex of which the pore is situated, its distance from tho notch being
from once to nearly twice its own diameter according to the depth of the notch; on the keel of the
19th the pore is near the middle of its upper surface. The upper surface of the keels is more
granular than the median area of the segments ; the anterior angles of the keels are convex, the posterior
angles become gradually more and more acute and spiniform posteriorly: those of the 14th very
slightly surpass the level of the posterior edge of the tergal area; those of the 18th and 19th are
apically rounded. Caudal process semicircularly rounded, scarcely irregular marginally ; sternal plate
‘granular, broad, with two widely separated smallish tubercles. Sternal areas of the body granular,
somewhat deeply sulcate transversely, the sulcus extending right across the middle line; the area in
front of it lightly sulcate longitudinally and the area behind deeply sulcate vertically, so that the posterior
sternal area is bicoxiform; sternum of 4th bitubercular, of 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th quadritubercular,

the tubercles becoming gradually weaker.

3. Smaller than the 2, but less convex and with keels better developed. Sternal area of third with a median
tuberculiform triangular tooth; sternum of sixth excavated to receive the tips of the phallopods, its
posterior pair of tubercles suppressed. Margin of cavity of phallopods defined behind by a deep groove.
Phallopods arcuate, crossing apically, the distal half bent inwards and upwards; the auxiliary branch
curved and apically pointed; the seminal stile much shorter, straight, but pointing in the same direction
obliquely outwards and downwards.

Length, 2, from about 70-83 millim., width 11-12.

” d > 99 ” 60-70 ” ” 8-10.

Hab. Costa Rica? (Rogers), Carrillo (Underwood), La Palma 1600 metres 3 (Tristan
and Biolley), Volcan de Turrialba 2000 metres.

Carl states that the sterna of P. montivagus are unarmed; and Brélemann appears
to have detected no discrepancy between the specimens he referred to this species and
those described by Carl. The examples I have seen, however, have well-developed
spiniform or subspiniform tubercles on some of the anterior sterna. Moreover, neither
of these authors mentions any peculiarity in the sulcation of the sterna, such as
meationed above; and, if Carl’s figures be correct, the lateral borders of the keels
of the 2nd segment are less convex and the anterior angle much more square, and
the posterior angles of the 11th and 14th considerably more produced and spiniform
in Carl’s specimens than in those that I have seen.

In the dentition of the lateral borders of the keels these specimens and P. montivagus

PLATYRACHUS., 145

show considerable resemblance to P. mexicanus, Lucas, as figured by Saussure ; but in
the latter the pore is far removed from the margin. It appears to me to be almost
certain that Attems described examples of this species as P. mexicanus. These
specimens are in the Berlin Museum, but have no locality attached. I cannot find
in his description of them a single reliable character by which they can be dis-
tinguished from the specimens I have described above as P. montivagus. On the
contrary, they differ apparently in many points from the typical and only known
example of P. mexicanus (cf. supra, p. 140).

9. Platyrachus propinquus.
Platyrrhacus propinquus, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. x. p. 665, t. 12. figg. 80-82 (1902) *.

This species is described as very nearly related to P. montivaqus, which it closely resembles in colour, in the
structure of the legs, sternal plates, caudal process, and sternum of anal segment, and other points; but
the yellow of the keels is not sharply defined from the brown of the rest of the upper surface ; the first
tergal plate is markedly wider, with the angle more produced; it is evenly convex above and has a lightly
concave posterior border ; the lateral borders of all the keels are much less strongly toothed, with the pores
small and about twice their diameter from the lateral border. Finally, the phallopod is thinner, and
when seen in profile shows a much greater space between the seminal stile and the terminal auxiliary
branch, which is also more curved.

Length, 2,76 millim., width 13-14.

» 6, 65-73 ,, » 10-18.

Hab. Costa Rica, Las Delicias, Santa Clara, 300 metres (Biolley 1).

10. Platyrachus stenopterus. (Tab. X. figg. 8-8 c.)
Platyrrhacus stenopterus, Brélemann, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixxiv. p. 843 (1905) '.

As in the case of P. montivagus, I find that the examples I identify as P. stenopterus differ, according to
Brélemann’s description, from the type of that species in having some of the anterior sterna armed with
spiniform or subspiniferm tubercles, He also says that the third segment of the leg is shorter than the
width of the sterna in the middle of the body, which is not the case in my specimens. His description,
however, was based upon a single female example, apparently defective in colour and of small size.
Except, however, in the particulars mentioned, my examples agree so well with his detailed description
of the type that I cannot but conclude they belong to the sume species. The male was not previously
known. For these reasons, and making allowance for the possibility of my determination being erroneous,
I have described my specimens at some length.

Colour very nearly the same as in P. bivirgatus, but the brown band on the sides of the upper surface
broader, each about as broad as the median pale area, or only a little narrower, and at least twice the
width of the pale area on the external half of the keels; a yellow patch on the crown of the head ; no
vertical yellow stripe on the labrum; caudal process yellow ; legs, antenne, and sternal areas yellow or
yellowish-brown. Body nearly as stout at the posterior end as in the middle; the posterior end more
truncated than is usually the case. Dorsal surface strongly convex ; keels small, their upper surface sloping,
arising about the middle of the side; their anterior edge from the 11th backwards lightly convex,
strongly convex only on the 17th or 18th segment. Posterior border lightly concave on the 4th and
becoming more and more strongly concave to about the 17th,.owing to the increase in the length of the
posterior angle. Their border finely serrulate from about the 5th segment. Anterior angle of keels
rectangular but rounded ; posterior angle a little acute on the 5th, and becoming more and more spini-
form back to the 17th, but the spiniform process only surpassing the level of the posterior border of the
terga from about the 10th segment ; lateral border armed with from about three to five small tuberculiform

BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., October 19U9. U

146 DIPLOPODA.

but sharpish teeth, which, however, vary in size upon different segments, but are never so large as in
P. montivagus ; the pore-bearing keels show a shallow emargination or a toothless smooth area opposite
the pore which is quite close to the lateral edge; the keels without pores generally exhibit a lateral
notch, which is visible even on the 4th segment. The dorsal surface closely granular, with the three
rows of tubercles just traceable on the middle of the body, and more distinct at its anterior and posterior
ends, especially upon the lateral slope of the segments. Lateral border of the keels of the 2nd convex,
tubercularly toothed, with the posterior angle more convex and less prominent than the anterior ; first
tergal plate with tubercles extending nearly round its circumference, slightly depressed behind its
anterior border, which is evenly convex to the blunt lateral angle. Head without distinct frontal
tubercles, such as are seen in P. bivirgatus and P. tristani. Sternal area, from the 4th to the 7th,
with a distinct tooth-like tubercle at the base of each leg; from the 7th backwards these tubercles
gradually die away; sterna of 5th and 8th longitudinally and transversely sulcate ; those of the median
and posterior areas markedly notched laterally and angularly excised posteriorly, the posterior notches
being more or less coxiform; all the sterna granular and generally wrinkled. Caudal process short,
widely rounded. Anal sternal plate wide, with rather large tubercles.

g. Smaller than the 9, but with the keels relatively larger and more strongly excised. No distinct
tooth on the sternal area of the 4th; sternal area of 6th and also of 7th behind the phallopods also
untoothed. Phallopods stout, crossed, gradually curved upwards at the end, the auxiliary branch sickle-
shaped, attenuated and pointed; seminal stile relatively long and showing a distinct but not strongly
pronounced sigmoid cnrvature.

Length, 2, 75-80 millim., width 11-12.

» oo, 55-65, » 15-8.
» & (type), 55 29 » 12.

Hab. Costa Rica (Rogers), Rancho Redondo 2000 metres (Biolley ').

TIRODESMUS*.
Tirodesmus, Cook, Brandtia, xii. (1896).

Keels, except at the anterior and posterior ends of the body, very large, laterally narrowed owing to the
oblique backward inclination of the anterior border, the lateral border, where defined, only about halt
the length of the base of the keel, the anterior and lateral borders forming a continuous arch broken
only by the teeth marking the commencement of the lateral edge; upper surface of metazonites studded
with coarse comparatively widely spaced granules, amongst which the three rows of tubercles, especially
the posterior, stand out like pearly pustules; both anterior and posterior borders of the first tergal
plate raised and studded with coarse pearly tubercles; the plate markedly hollowed longitudinally in
the middle and transversely behind the anterior border. Antenne long, second to fourth segments much
longer than their distal thickness, the second much longer than the first. Leys long and slender; third
segment at least twice as long as the width of the sternum, sixth segment tapering to a point which is
scarcely wider than the base of the long slender claw. Phallopods not arcuate and not upcurled apically,
projecting straight forwards, distally spatulate, with the seminal stile directed forwards. Sternum ot
the sixth not excavated, as high behind as in front.

Type, 7. fimbriatus, Peters.

Distribution. Central and South America.

1. Tirodesmus biolleyi. (Tab. X. figg. 9-9 6.)
Platyrrhacus biolleyi, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. x. p. 658, t. 11. figg. 67, 68 (1902)*; Brdlemann,
Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixxiv. p. 841 (1905) *.

Colour black or dark brown, with the extreme margin of the keels and the larger dorsal tubercles yellowish-white.

* Omitted from the ‘ Zoological Record.

TIRODESMUS.—EURYURIN &. 147

Dorsal area convex in the middle. eels horizontal, with pore remote from the margin ; anterior and
posterior borders irregular or armed with tuberculiform teeth, not serrulate ; lateral border usually with
four or five larger subspiniform teeth and some smaller tubercles; two of the teeth are upon the posterior
angle, which is acute but never actually spiniform. First tergal plate with keels well developed, pro-
jJecting forwards and outwards, so that the widest point of the plate is well in advance of its middle ;
posterior border of the keel, as of all the rest except of the 18th and 19th, concave, at all events
externally. Caudal process quadrate, with parallel sides and irregular tubercular convex posterior
border. Anal sternal plate with large tubercles. Sternal areas rather narrow, their width about equal
to the length of the second segment of the leg and less than half that of the third in the mid-region
of the body ; not distinctly tubercular but transversely and longitudinally hollowed.
3. Like the 2, but smaller, with keels relatively larger and higher, those at the posterior end being more
strongly raised. Sternum of third segment with triangular tubercle, which is also present in 2.
Length, 2, 95 millim., width 16.
» 6, 87 ,, » 15.

Hab. Costa Rica, La Palma! (Tristan & Biolley), Las Delicias (Biolley), Cariblanco
(Lankester'). —

The coarseness of the granulation and the number and development of the lateral
teeth on the keels are subject to considerable individual variation in this species.

I believe the specimens above described to be accurately identified. Nevertheless it
must be pointed out that the shape of the keel of the tenth segment is, in all my
examples, very different from that of the tenth segment of the type-specimen, as
depicted by Carl. Since, however, tnis figure does not agree with the description as
regards the position of the pore, which is much too near the sides of the body, I feel
justified in assuming that it may be inaccurate in other respects and have its lateral
border much too long and its anterior border insufficiently oblique. It gives very
little idea of the peculiarity in the shape of the keels exhibited in my specimens,
which must be specifically distinct from TZ. dcolleyi, if the figure in question is

correct.

Subfam. HURYURINA.

With the possible exception of Aphelidesmus, which appears to link the typical members of this subfamily
with the Chelodesmide, the two genera here referred to the Euryurine form a natural group, differing
from the Platyrachine mainly in the fact that the lateral margin of the keel is smooth, thickened,
differentiated from the rest of the upper surface of the keel, and carries the pore, which does not present
so markedly the cannon-mouth appearance so noticeable in the Platyrachine.

Distribution. Eastern area of Oriental Region; Southern States of North America ;
Jentral America and northern area of South America.

The three Central-American genera here admitted may be distinguished as
follows :—

a. Dorsal surface of segments more or less strongly sculptured ; phallopod
simple, terminating in one or two accessory processes in addition to the
seminal stile; caudal process squared or rounded.

b. Anal sternal plate with its posterior margin straight or concave, not

produced between the setiferous tubercles AMPLINUS.

U2

148 DIPLOPODA.

b'. Anal sternal plate semicircular ; area between the setiferous tubercles
convexly produced . . . . ee ee ee : - « . . POLYLEPISCUS.

a’. Dorsal surface of segments smooth ; phallopod more complicated, subdivided,
the seminal stile guarded by wide sheath-like accessory branches. . . . APHELIDESMUs.

AMPLINUS.

Polydesmus (Paradesmus), Saussure, Liun. Ent. xiii. p. 325 (1859) (in part.: Div. i1.); Mém.
Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 292 (1860) (in part.: Section i.).

Polydesmus (Pachyurus), Humbert & Saussure, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xix. p. 673 (1869)
(in part.) ; Mém. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 27 (1872).

Polylepis, Bollman, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 46, pp. 160 & 197 (1893) (for Pachyurus, preoccupied).

Pachyurus (Amplinus), Attems, Denk. Akad, Wien, lxviii. p. 281 (1900) (misprinted Amphinus).

Pachyurus, Brélemann & Carl (in part.).

Antenne short, segments 2-6 not very unequal in length, subequal or gradually increasing to the sixth;
area between them narrow and marked with a A-shaped sulcus, the upper limb of which is the down-
ward continuation of the deep frontal sulcus, the two lower limbs passing into the antennal sockets,
the area below the fork and above it on each side swollen, rounded, smooth, and shining. First tergal
plate wider than the head and nearly or quite as wide as the second, produced laterally into angular
cariniform laminee. Dorsal surface of all the segments, with the occasional exception of the first or a
few more of the anterior segments, sculptured, the sculpturing consisting of three definite rows of
polygonal areas, sometimes themselves granular or tubercular, or of about four rows of rounded or
elongate, large, smooth tubercles, often broken up by smaller ones. Lateral borders of the sels
thickened. Pores lodged in depressions of the thickening, and usually looking outwards, sometimes
more or less upwards; cylindrical area of segments quite smooth, lateral area granular. Sterna
smooth, about as wide as long, transversely and longitudinally sulcate. Anal teryal plate ending in a
broad subquadrate caudal process, with subparallel lateral borders, straight or lightly convex posterior
border, as wide behind as in front, or approximately so. Anal sternal plate with posterior border wide,
emarginate or nearly straight from side to side, when emarginate there is a distinct bluntly rounded
setiferous prominence on each side. Legs with third segment slightly or markedly longer than sixth,
which is much longer than the fifth, the latter a little longer than the fourth. Phallopods with distal
segment moderately long, projecting forwards parallel to each other, and ending in two, rarely in three
prongs, the inferior prong being the seminal stile.

Type, A. kalonotus, Attems.

Distribution. Central and northern parts of South America.

Under the name Pachyurus, Humbert and Saussure included originally P. klugi,
Brandt, from Central America, P. margaritaceus and P. squamatus, Koch, and
P. granosus, and pointed out that the latter from the Moluccas differed from the three
others in having the first tergal shield only as wide as the head and much narrower
than the second. ‘These characters, as Attems has shown, hold good, so far asis known,
as a distinguishing feature between the Oriental and American species. ‘The first
author who definitely fixed the type of Polylepis, which was so named by Bollman
because Pachyurus was preoccupied, was Silvestri, who in 1896 [Ann. Mus. Genova,
(2) xvi. p. 190] selected the Moluccan P. granosus, thus assigning the name
Polylepis to the Oriental species with narrow first tergal plate. Overlooking this fact,
I subsequently gave the name Paradesmorhachis to a species, P. solomonis, from the

AMPLINUS. 149

Solomon Islands [Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xx. p. 445, 1897], which is probably
identical generically with P. granosus, the type of Polylepis, from the Moluccas.
Afterwards came Attems, who, in spite of its preoccupation, resuscitated Pachyurus
and divided it into two subgenera, Amplinus for the American species and Angustinus
for the Oriental species. Giving these names generic rank, we get the following
result :—
Polylepis (= Paradesmorhachis= Angustinus) for the Oriental species with narrow
first tergal plate. Type, P. granusus, Humb. & Saussure.
Amplinus, Attems, for the Central and South American species with broad first
tergal plate. Type (by selection), A. kalonotus, Attems.

Key to the Central-American Species *.

a. Sculpturing of segments tessellated, consisting of three rows of low, smooth,
polygonal areas.
6. A median yellow band extending from the first to the last segment; keels
wholly yellow. © 2. 2 2. we eee ee ee ee ww. pttlicaudatus.
b'. No median yellow dorsal band ; keels at most with external half yellow.
c. Median area of terga of segments 1 to 6 smooth and inconspicuously

sculptured 2. 1 ke ee ee convetus.
. Median area of terga of at least segments 2 to 6 conspicuously sculptured,
7 Antenne and legs yellow, as yellow as the margins of the keels . . . flavicornis.

d‘. Antenne and legs brown, much darker than the margins of the keels.
e. Posterior angle of all the keels less produced, those of second to fourth
segments nearly rectangular ; the anterior tooth on these segments
small ; phallopod with auxiliary branch bigeniculate . . . . nitidus.
. Posterior angle of all keels more produced, those of second to fourth
segments acute; the anterior tooth on these segments stronger ;
phallopod with auxiliary branch simply curved . . . . . . . areatus.
a’. Sculpturivg consisting of round, oval, or fusiform smooth tubercles, which on
the posterior segments, at least, consist of about five irregular transverse rows.
f. Lateral edges of the keels distinctly toothed . . . . . «© «© « «© | armatus.
f’. Lateral edges of the keels not distinctly toothed.
g. Phallopod 3-pronged; keels smaller, more depressed, with edges not so

strongly thickened . . . . : triramus.
g'. Phallopod 2-pronged ; keels larger, more horizontal, with edges strongly
thickened . 2. 2. ww eee eee ee we Klug.

1. Amplinus nitidus. (Tab. XI. fig. 3.)
Platyrrhachus nitidus, Brdlemann, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xii. p. 97, t. 6. figg. 18-20 (1900) '.
Pachyurus nitidus, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. x. p. 638 (1902) ?.

A jet-black, shining species, with black antenn and dark brown legs, and with the external half of the keels
clear yellow and sharply contrasted with the black of the rest of the dorsal surface. The sculpturing

* A. erichsoni, of which the distinctive features are unknown, has been omitted from this Table.

150 DIPLOPODA.

consists of three rows of polygonal areas and is weak on the middle of the Ist tergal plate. The
phallopods are chiefly remarkable for having the auxiliary branch bent twice at right angles.
Length of § (loosely articulated) 65, width 8.
% », (according to Brélemann) 57, width 8.

Hab. GuatemaLa !? (Rodriguez, Oltramare).

Mr. Godman’s collection contains a single male collected in Guatemala by Rodriguez.
The figure of the phallopod (Tab. XI. fig. 3) is taken from this specimen.

2. Amplinus palicaudatus. (Tab. XI. figg. 1-1.)

Pachyurus palicaudatus, Attems, Mitt. Mus. Hamburg, xvii. p. 98, t. 1. fig. 8 (1901)*; Carl, Rev.
Suisse Zool. x. p. 638 (1902) 2.

A species distinguishable from all the Central-American forms hitherto described by its coloration: the keels
are wholly yellow and there is a conspicuous yellow line down the centre of the back; the legs and
antennee are yellow. The sculpturing consists of three rows of polygonal areas and is obsolete on the
middle of the 1st tergal plate. The phallopod has the auxiliary branch only a little curved, whereas
the seminal stile is strongly arcuate at the base, showing a light sigmoid flexure, with its terminal

portion lightly curved in the same direction as that of the other branch.
Length 50-60 millim., width 7.

Hab. Mexico, La Joya, Chiapas!? (type, H. HKulow); GuatemaALa (Oltramare),
Quezaltenango (Paganini), Cholhuitz (Sto//).

The British Museum contains examples of both sexes of this species from Quezal-
tenango, presented by the Marquis G. Doria, and others from Cholhuitz, presented and
collected by Dr. O. Stoll.

From the former have been taken figg. 1-10 on ‘lab. XI., and from a male from
Cholhuitz figg. 1 c-e, representing the phallopod. The terminal rami of this organ
appear to be longer than indicated by Attems’s figure of the type-specimen, and the
examples I have seen may belong to another subspecies of A. kalonotus, possibly
to a distinct species. But the rami in question differ so greatly in apparent length
aud curvature according to the aspect they are viewed from, that without examining
the type of A. kalonotus it would, I think, be rash to attach systematic value to the
differences mentioned.

3. Amplinus convexus.
Pachyurus convexus, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. x. p. 633, t. 11. fig. 57 (1902) *.

A large species, brown in colour, with the keels apparently the same colour as the back, and the legs and
antenne yellow. Sculpturing consisting of three rows of polygonal areas; obsolete in the middle of
the 1st tergal plate and also of the 2nd to the 6th; the areas on the sides of the back and on the upper
surface of the keels carrying each a tubercle; dorsal area of 19th with a single posterior row of tubercles.
Keels back to the 16th with posterior angle rectangular ; lateral margin considerably thickened, especially
on the pore-bearing keels, which have the lateral margin produced and sinuous in outline, those of
the poreless keels straight. Caudal process with straight parallel lateral borders, rounded angles, and
lightly convex posterior border. Anal sternal plate with two very small tubercles. Phallopod somewhat
like that of A. palicaudatus, but with the auxiliary branch longer, more arcuate and sickle-like, and the
seminal stile less arcuate.

Length, 2, 80-85 millim., width 18.

» 6&6, 70-75 ,, » Ll.

AMPLINUS. lol

Hab. Costa Rica! (Biolley).

This species is known to me only from Carl’s figure and description. From the

other species with polygonal sculpturing it differs in having the median area of
segments | to 6 smooth and the posterior angle of the keels rectangular. It is also
characterized by its large size, a feature in which it most resembles A. areatus, but has
the terminal branches of the phallopod much more widely separated and the auxiliary

branch more strongly arcuate.

4. Amplinus areatus, sp.n. (Tab. XI. figg. 4-4 f)

Colour dark brown with posterior row of polygonal areas paler; external half of keels yellow; antenne

brown, much darker than yellow area of keels; legs with two basal segments yellow, the rest brown
like the antenne. Closely allied to A. flavicornis, but larger and with the legs and antenne much
darker tinted ; the keels a little better developed, with the posterior angle a little more produced ; the
median area of the Ist tergal plate sculptured, though the sculpturing is weaker than at the sides and
the antero-lateral notch on the keels of the 2nd and 3rd marked in front by a distinct but small tooth.
Phallopods rather like those of A. flavicornis, but the terminal portion which carries the two branches
narrower, with its flattened internal face less well-defined above and below and with its lower rim not
produced into a definite crest; the terminal branches shorter and less curved distally.

Length, 9, 70 millim., width 11.

fab. N.W. Guatemata, La Tortuga, Retalhuleu (Séol/).

5. Amplinus flavicornis, sp. n. (Tab. XI. figg. 2-2 f.)

Colour brown with the margins of the keels yellow; antenne and legs rather paler yellow than the keels.

dé.

Summit of head smooth. Sculpturing of dorsal area consisting of three rows of smooth polygonal areas
which at most show laterally a tubercle now and again on some of the segments. First tergal plate
with sculpturing obsolete in the middle, laterally with four rows of areas which decrease in number
and increase in distinctness on the keel, which is well developed, with very obtuse anterior angle and
subacute but blunt posterior angle. The 2nd, 3rd, and 4th with convex anterior and lightly concave
posterior border; the anterior angle obtuse, marked by a notch; the posterior subacute. In the
succeeding segments the anterior margin of the keel is lightly convex and runs into the somewhat widely-
rounded anterior angle, not serrulate; posterior border straight or lightly concave, finely serrulate from
about the 5th; the posterior angles slightly produced but never sharp or spiniform, those of the 17th,
18th, and 19th more produced than the others; lateral border of the poreless keels nearly straight and
moderately thickened ; other pore-bearing keels considerably thickened and more sinuous in outline.
Upper surface of the 19th with two rows of subtuberculiform areas. Caudal process smooth, mesially
depressed, its posterior border lobulate. -Anal sternal plate emarginate between the thickened tubercles.
Lateral surface of segments granular. Underside of outer half of keels smooth.

Similar to the 2, but with the keels better developed. Phallopods rather slender, ending in two slender
pointed terminal branches which are rather narrowly separated, both being curved distally towards the
middle line ; the superior border of the slightly hollowed area at the base of the fingers with a distinct
upstanding crest ; the hollowed area wide and well-defined.

Length, 2, 58 millim., width &.

” 3 9 53 99 a” 7.

Hab. Centra America (Mus. Brit.).

Related to A. nitidus, Brol., but differing from it in having the legs and antenne

pale, instead of black or dark brown, and in the structure of the phallopod, in which

152 DIPLOPODA.

the auxiliary branch is slenderer at the base and simply curved inwards at the point,
instead of curving sharply downwards and abruptly forwards.

6. Amplinus klugi. (Tab. XI. figg. 5-5 e.)
Polydesmus klugit, Brandt, Recueil Mém., Myriap. (1841) *; Gervais, Ins. Apt. iv. p. 108’,
Polydesmus (Paradesmus) kiugii, Saussure, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 293 (1860) *.
Polydesmus (Pachyurus) klugiit, Humbert & Saussure, Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 27 (1872) *.
Pachyurus klugii, Karsch, Arch. Naturg. 1881, p. 37°; Attems, SB. Akad. Wien, ciii. p. 47, t. 2.
fig. 12 (1894)°; Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixvii. p. 284 (1900) ”.
Polydesmus (Paradesmus) picteti, Saussure, Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 325 (1859) *.

Hab. Mexico, Alvarado in Vera Cruz! (Brandt), Cordova, Orizaba, Panuco, Anahuac,

and the entire eastern slope of the plateau (Saussure *®*), Guanajuato (Dugés, Mus.
Bbrit.), Jalapa (Hoge, Mus. Brit.).

Although this species has been described at length by Saussure and Attems, it
greatly needs revision from the point of view of geographical races as is suggested by
the material that I have seen. But since the exact characters of the typical form
from Alvarado are unknown, and the locality of the specimen to which Saussure gave
the name picteti is unrecorded, it would be premature to attempt such a revision with
the available material. The colour is typically black, with the margins of the keels,
the antenna, and the legs flavous. This is the colouring in an individual from Jalapa
in the British Museum. On the other hand, the examples from Guanajuato are
browner, with the edges of the keels, the antenne, and the legs paler reddish brown as
in the specimens to which Saussure gave the name picteti. The sculpturing consists
of tubercles, rounded or elongate in shape, the fusiform or elongate prominences being
disposed in the median area of the dorsal surface, the round ones along the anterior
edge and on the upper side of the keels; the spaces between those on the keels are
granular. The edges of the keels are at most slightly lobulate, not truly dentate.
The sides of the caudal process are nearly straight and subparallel, the angles rounded,
and the posterior border lightly convex and lobulate. The sternal plate is emarginate
with rounded edges in the example from Jalapa, more markedly bitubercular in the
specimens from Guanajuato. The phallopods are short, rugose, and end in two rather
widely separated prongs, strongly curved downwards.

Length of 2 (according to Saussure) 72 millim., width 11.

7. Amplinus erichsoni.

Polydesmus erichsonii, Brandt, Recueil Mém. Myriap. (1841)*; Gervais, Ins. Apt. iv. p. 108
(1841)?; id. Voyage de Castelnau, p. 7 (1841) *.

Polydesmus (Paradesmus) erichsonii, Saussure, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 293 (1860) *.

AMPLINUS. 153

Polydesmus (Euryurus) erichsonii, Peters, Mon. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1864, p. 542°.
Pachyurus erichsoni, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixviii. p. 288 (1900) °.

Hab. Mexico !~* (Deppe).

This species, although the type was said by Peters to be in the Berlin Museum, does
not appear to have been examined or described since the days of Brandt. Judging
from the original description, A. erichsoni is very closely allied to A. Alugi, and since
the type-specimens of the two were obtained in Mexico by the same collector, it is not
improbable that they belong in reality to the same species.

8. Amplinus armatus, sp.n. (Tab. XI. figg. 6-6 4.)

2. Colour of dry specimen a uniform chocolate-brown, with the legs and antenne flavous. Sculpturing of
dorsal area of mid-region of body consisting of three rows of polygonal areas roughened with granules and
each bearing a rounded tubercle. At the posterior end of the body the segments become more regularly
covered with rounded and elongate tubercles showing no definite arrangement, the polygonal areas
being obscured; dorsal area of the 19th segment uniformly covered. First tergal plate showing very
definite areas, which are smooth in its middle third and granular at the sides; on the second and third
the sculpturing consists of large smooth tubercles in the middle, arranged in three rows, and of granules
and much smaller tubercles at the sides and on the keels. eels large; those of the mid-region of the
body with the anterior angle nearly rectangular and toothed; lateral border of all the keels, except those
of the Ist and 19th segments, distinctly but irregularly toothed ; the teeth smallest on the anterior and
posterior keels ; the anterior border lightly convex, the posterior lightly concave; the posterior angle
acute and pointed; the marginal thickening well-developed, even on the 2nd and 3rd keels, which have
somewhat strongly convex anterior border, correspondingly concave posterior border, obtuse anterior and
acute posterior angle. Cuudal process of anal segment squared with straight sides, subrectangular
angles, and lightly convex, lobulated posterior border. Anal sternal plate emarginate, the tubercles
on rounded prominences,

Length of 9 75 millim., width 12.

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Brit.).

A single female specimen in the collection of the British Museum.

Nearly related to A. klugi, Brandt, but differing in having the anterior margins of
the keels more squared and the lateral margins manifestly denticulated, those of the
pore-bearing segments straight and less bulging, and the posterior angles of the second
and third more acute. Male unknown.

9. Amplinus triramus, sp.n. (Tab. XI. figg. 7-74.)

Colour varying through all shades from dark chocolate-brown to testaceous ; at most the thickened borders of
the keels yellowish in dark specimens, but these almost always of very much the same tint as the rest
of the dorsal surface ; antennz yellow, with terminal segments brownish ; legs and ventral surface yellow.
The whole of the dorsal surface of the metazonites covered with shining tubercles, which commonly
stand up near the centre of irregularly granular areas defined by sulci and evidently representing the
polygonal areas seen in the previously described species of this genus and in those of Polylepiscus.
The tubercles vary in size and shape, being more elongate in the middle of the back and becoming more
spherical upon the sides and on the upper surface of the keels. First tergal plate convex, covered
with rounded tubercles and granules, with a series of elongate tubercles along the median portion of its
posterior border; the lateral angles produced, but blunt, with a lightly emarginate anterior border.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., December 1909. x

154 DIPLOPODA.

The 2nd to the 4th tergal plates also covered with tubercles, arranged in three rows, interspersed
with granules. On the succeeding segments the number of rows of tubercles increases from four to five
or even six, but their linear arrangement is obscured. eels rather small, sloping in the anterior part of
the body, but becoming horizontal in the posterior part ; anterior border lightly convex, anterior angle
convex ; lateral border of posterior segments almost straight with a shallow notch in front, of pore-
bearing segments more convex; posterior angle nearly rectangular, very slightly produced, more
spiniform, those of the 18th and 19th more produced than in the preceding segments, but blunt;
posterior border very weakly serrulate. Pore-area moderately thickened, pores looking slightly upwards.
Metazonite of 19th smooth in its anterior third, tubercular behind. Caudal process convex in front,
flattened and depressed behind, with rounded posterior angles and lightly couvex posterior border. Anal
sternal plate manifestly bitubercular, the edge between the tubercles concave or straight. Lateral area
granular up to the keels. Phallopods with seminal stile, showing sigmoid curvature, somewhat strongly
arcuate at the base; auxiliary branch terminating in two branches, an inner shorter and nearly straight
and an outer curving gradually inwards and upwards. No tubercles on sternwm of 7th segment in ¢.
Length, @, up to about 70 miilim., width 10.
” 3, 29 60 ” 9 8.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 8000 feet (7. H. Smith).

Very like A. klugi and A. armatus in the character of its sculpturing, but
differing from both in having the keels smaller, more depressed, and with less
thickened edges. As in A. klugi, the lateral margins of the keels are not manifestly
toothed. The male of A. triramus resembles the two species of the following genus,
in which this sex has been described, in having the auxiliary branch of the phallopod
biramous, and differs in this respect from all the other species of Amplinus.

POLYLEPISCUS, gen. nov.

Differs from Amplinus in having the anal sternal plate with its distal margin rounded, that is to say, the
area between the setiferous tubercles is produced and convex, following the curvature of the sides, as in
Euryurus; and from the latter in having the dorsal surface sculptured as in Amplinus. The known
species also differ from those of the genus Amplinus in having the posterior angles of the keels, at least
towards the end of the body, strongly elongate and spiniform.

Type, P. stollr.

Distribution. Guatemala.

Key to the Species.

a. Size medium; dorsal area not granular or rugulose, the polygonal areas well
defined, shining ; pores on 19th segment completely lateral.
6. Polygonal areas smooth, not tubercular, except obscurely so on the keels. . stolli.
6. Polygonal areas manifestly tubercular . . . . . . woe ew we . furcifer,
a’. Size large; dorsal area rugulose or granular, the polygonal areas obscured by
the granulation ; pores on 19th segment on the dorsal side of the keels.
c. Keels of posterior half of body with anterior border basally produced,
posterior border from 13th to 18th stmnetly shouldered at base; 19th
granular all over; keels yellow. . . . act@on.
. Keels of posterior half of body, e. g. of 16th, with anterior “border less
produced ; posterior border strongly concave, not shouldered; 19th
granular posteriorly. 2. . 2. 6 6 1 ee ee ee ew ew we het rosculptus.

POLYLEPISCUS. 155

1. Polylepiscus stolli, sp.n. (Tab. XII. fige. 3-3d.)

2. Colour fairly uniformly yellowish-brown, with legs, antenns, and thickened margin of keels clearer
(when living probably dark brown or black, with the antenna, legs, and keel-margins yellow). rst tergal
plate smooth, very lightly sculptured quite at the sides, nearly as wide as the second; its anterior border
nearly evenly convex; a very short lateral border, the posterior angle subrectangular, and the posterior
border directed obliquely forwards and outwards externally. Dorsal area of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th almost
smooth mesially, with polygonal subtubercular sculpturing upon the keels; from the 5th to the middle
of the body the sculpturing becomes gradually more distinctly defined as three transverse rows of low
smooth polygonal areas, which on the keels become more tubercular. In the posterior half of the body
these rows become less regular, more broken up, so that as many as four rows of more irregularly
shaped areas are traceable; on the upper side of the 18th the sculpturing consists mostly of longitudinally
elongate tubercles; on the 19th the sculpturing is confined to the posterior half and consists of
anastomosing longitudinal grooves. eels nearly horizontal; the anterior angle widely rounded, less so
on 2nd and 3rd, anterior border serrulate from about the 6th; posterior border concave, distinctly
serrulate from the 5th; posterior angle acute and becoming gradually more and more produced and
spiniform from before backwards; from about the 7th the spiniform process, which is very long, slender,
and lightly incurved on the posterior segments, surpasses the posterior border of the median portion of
the segment; lateral border fairly evenly and lightly convex on the poreless segments, except the 2nd,
3rd, and 4th, which are lightly emarginate, but on the pore-bearing segments there is a distinct notch-
like emargination marking the position of the pore; margins of all the keels moderately thickened and
uptilted posteriorly ; the thickening more marked upon the pore-bearing segments. Pores completely
lateral even upon the 18th and 19th segments ; keels of the 18th strongly acute but hardly spiniform ;
keels of the 19th markedly angular, with apex blunt. Caudal process with lightly convex lateral
borders, rather more strongly convex posterior border, and rounded angles. Anal sternal plate with its
posterior border markedly convex between the two small tubercles. Lateral area of segments granular ;
lower side of keels smooth, at least externally. Terminal segments of legs bearing stout sete, not short
slender spines.

Length, 2, 65 millim., width 10.

Hab. N.W. Guatemaua, Cholhuitz (Séol/).

Although resembling P. heterosculptus, Carl, in its rounded anal sternal plate and
strongly spiniform posterior angles to the keels, this species is quite distinct in having
smaller keels with the anterior border more abruptly recurved, in the absence of the
granulation from the dorsal area, the smoothness of the median area of the anterior
segments, the lateral position of the pores upon the 18th and 19th keels, the more
distinct serrulation on the anterior and posterior borders of the keels, the less squared

caudal process, &c.

2. Polylepiscus actzon, sp.n. (Tab. XII. figg. 2-2.)

@. Colour brown, the external half of the keels yellow, legs brown (head and segments 1-4 missing). The
entire dorsal surface rugose, covered closely with low anastomosing granules and small tubercles,
amongst which the three transverse rows of polygonal areas are easily detectable, except on the 17th to
19th segments, where they become obsolete and lost amougst the granulation; a few scattered larger
tubercles, showing obscure arrangement in three transverse rows, visible here and there upon the lateral
slope of the dorsal and the adjacent portion of the keels; upper side of the 19th granular and sulculate.
Keels large, horizontal; anterior border of the 6th lightly convex, posterior border lightly concave.
From the 6th backwards the anterior border becomes more and more convex and prominent at the base
and the posterior border very gradually straighter and more in line with the posterivr border of the
tergal area, and at the base more and more thickened and shouldered, the shoulder-like thickening quite

x2

156 DIPLOPODA.

visible on the 13th and increasing in size to the 18th, where it is very marked; the anterior angle
forming a continuous curve with the anterior border, which is serrulate from about the 10th, posterior
angle acute and becoming gradually more and more produced and spiniform to the 13th—16th, on which
it is slightly hooked inwards. On the 17th the spiniform process is short; on the 18th and 19th it is
absent, the posterior angle of their keels being blunt. Lateral border of the poreless segments straight ;
of the pore-bearing segments deeply notched just in front of the pore; pores becoming posteriorly
gradually more and more visible from the dorsal side; on the 18th, and especially on the 19th, they
are on the upper side, and on the 19th quite recall the position of the pores in some species of Platy-
rhacus. Posterior border of the keels weakly serrulate. Caudal process wide, with parallel sides and
sharply rectangular angles, the posterior border being transverse, straight, not lobulate, and without
visible setae. Yerminal segment of legs bearing short slender spines.
Length (minus head and segments 1-5) 75 millim., width 15.

Hab. Guatemata (Stoll).

This species, both in size and general characters, is nearly allied to P. heterosculptus
of Carl, but differs in having all the segments uniformly rugose and covered with
granulation, the 19th granular throughout, the coarser tubercles much less numerous
and less distinct, the greater part of the keels yellow, and the anterior border of the
keels more prominent basally, more convex, and the posterior border less concave and
with a basal shoulder-prominence, at least in the posterior part of the body. According
to Carl, the median area of the back in P. heterosculptus is smooth, or at all events much
smoother than the sides, so that the polygonal areas are distinctly exposed; the larger
tubercles are very numerous and arranged in about five irregular rows, the polygonal
areas being also more numerous; the 19th segment is only rugose behind; the dorsal
area is said to be brown, without any mention of yellow on the keels; and, lastly, on
the 16th segment the posterior border is evenly and somewhat strongly concave, and
there appears to be no basal shoulder-prominence on the posterior border of any
of the keels.

8. Polylepiscus furcifer, sp.n. (Tab. XII. figg. 1-1 h.)

Colour brown, with the greater part of the keels and the caudal process yellow ; antenne and legs brownish.
Dorsal surface showing distinet sculpturing, polygonal areas arranged mostly in three transverse rows,
which on the posterior segments break up into more numerous less regularly arranged rows; the areas not
covered with fine granulation as in P. actewon, but each of them, at least on the median segments of the
body, bearing a central tubercle; these tubercles more distinct and more constant in occurrence upon
the lateral slope of the dorsal area and upon the upper side of the keels, showing a strong tendency to
complete obliteration in the middle of the dorsal surface ; on the upper side of the keels the polygonal

_ areas are for the most part lost in the strigose sculpturing ; both tubercles and areas more numerous on
the posterior segments ; on the anterior segments the median area is nearly smooth, the lateral portion
showing weakly defined polygonal areas and tubercles. First teryal plate nearly smooth, weakly
sculptured laterally, its angles only a little produced. eels of succeeding segments much like those of
P. stolli and P. aciwon, the lateral margin being thickened and notched on the pore-bearing segments,
and almost straight on the poreless segments; the posterior angle is acute and becomes gradually more
and more produced and spiniform back to about the 16th; anterior border of keels produced slightly
forwards; the posterior border slightly shouldered basally in the posterior half of the body, and distinctly
serrulate, the serrulation extending even on to the spiniform processes. Pores almost wholly lateral,
even on the 19th, where they are scarcely visible from the dorsal side; this segment markedly granular

POLYLEPISCUS.—APHELIDESMUS. 157

and strigose in its posterior half. Caudal process of anal segment with convex posterior border and
angles. Legs with terminal segment covered with spiniform sete, not spines. Phallopods distally
three-branched as in P. heterosculptus, the seminal style superior and internal, evenly curved down-
wards, arising apart from the others which spring from a common basis and curve inwards, the inferior
of the two grooved below and less strongly curved than the superior, the former not apically hooked as
in P. heterosculptus.
Length, 2, 64 millim., width 11.
”? 3 ? 59 Bd 99 9.

Hab. ? GUATEMALA.

This species, the exact locality for which is unknown, is based upon specimens in the
British Museum. It may be known from P. heterosculptus and P. actewon by its much
smaller size and by the freedom of the polygonal areas from granulation, though the
tubercles in number and distinctness seem to resemble those of P. heterosculptus.
From both, again, it differs in having the pores, especially upon the 19th keels, lateral,
and the caudal process rounded. ‘The first tergal plate has its angles considerably
less produced than in P. heterosculptus, and this plate in the latter has a very distinct
anterior and posterior row of tubercles as well as others scattered on its surface. The
phallopod is somewhat like that of P. heteroscu/ptus; but the curvature of the two
auxiliary prongs is different and the subcylindrical portion of the distal segment of this
organ is shorter as compared with the terminal portion carrying the prongs. From
P. stolli this new species may be at once distinguished by the presence of tubercles on
the polygonal areas and by having the posterior angles of the keels, especially of the
segments of the mid-region of the body, shorter and less markedly spiniform.

4. Polylepiscus heterosculptus.

Pachyurus heterosculptus, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. p. 635, t. 12. figg. 73- 75 (1902) °.

The essential characters of the species, which is unknown to me, have been cited under the diagnoses of
P. actewon and P. furcifer and need no recapitulation.

Length 80-90 millim., width 13-15.
Hab. GUATEMALA I.

APHELIDESMUS.

Euryurus, Humbert & Saussure, Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 151 (1872) (in part.) ; Attems, Denk.
Akad. Wien, Ixviii. p. 277 (1900) (nec Euryurus, Koch, as restricted by Humbert and
Saussure).

Aphelidesmus, Brélemann, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixvii. pp. 266, 322 (1898); Attems, Denk.
Akad. Wien, Ixviii. p. 435 (1900).

Differs principally from Amplinus and Polylepiscus in having the dorsal surface smooth, the first tergal plate
much wider laterally, and the caudal process of the anal segment narrower, longitudinally oblong or with
slightly converging sides ; anal sternal plate rounded as in Polylepiscus ; phallopods more complicated, the
terminal segment showing much more distinct traces of division into femoral, tibial, and tarsal elements ;
the auxiliary branch wide, complicated in structure, and forming a sheath enveloping the long and
flagelliform seminal style, which is inferior to it as in Dirhabdophallus.

Type, A. hermaphroditus, Brol.

158 DIPLOPODA.

Distribution. Central America and the northern countries of South America
(Colombia, Venezuela).

Brélemann gave no reasons for separating this genus from Euryurus, Koch, although
one of the species he referred to it, namely dealbatus, Gerv., was placed in it by
Peters and by Humbert and de Saussure ; and, curiously enough, Attems appears to
have overlooked the fact that the species he described under the name Euryurus seem
to be generically inseparable from those that Brélemann referred to Aphelidesmus. The
type of Furyurus, E. erythropygus, was unknown to these authors; but, although it is
similar in general features to Aphelidesmus, the structure of the phallopod, as Carl has
shown (Rey. Suisse Zool. xi. p. 562, 1903), and as is borne out by a specimen in the
British Museum, is very different in the two. In Huryurus it is formed like that of
Amplinus and Platyrhacus, the distal segment being undifferentiated into femoral,
tibial, and tarsal segments, and ending in two simple slender branches, of which the
inferior (aboral) is the seminal stile, and the other the auxiliary branch; the distal
extremity of the phallopod is sharply bent downwards.

Of Euryurus two species, namely H. erythropygus, Brandt., and £. australis, Bollm.,
appear to be known. These have only been recorded from the southern parts of
North America (Indiana, ‘Tennessee, Carolina).

1. Aphelidesmus glaphyros.

Euryurus glophyros, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixvii. p. 279, t. 7. figg. 163, 164 (1900)’;
Brélemann, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixxiv. p. 853 (1905) *.

Colour banded brown and yellow, first tergal plate dark brown in front, yellow behind ; posterior half of
prozonites and anterior half of metazonites brown, anterior half of prozonites and posterior half
of metazonites yellow; antenne, legs, tail, and ventral surface yellow. Antenne short. First tergal
plate wide, somewhat wider than the following segments ; transversely elliptical, with rounded Jateral
angles. Dorsal surface vaulted ; keels following the slope of the back, small, with rounded anterior
angle; posterior angle with a small sharp tooth. Pores ventral near the posterior end of the thickening.
Caudal process long and wide; the lateral borders slightly converging, posterior border rounded,
emarginate. Sterna small, quadrate, transversely and longitudinally sulcate.

Length about 35 millim., width of ¢ 3, of Q 3°5. .
Hab. Costa Rica}, Carrillo 600 metres, Cuesta del Tablazo 1500 metres (Biolley °),
Cariblanco 600 metres (Lankester ?).—? Banamas, Great Island }.

Fam. STRONGYLOSOMIDA.

Strongylosomatide, Cook, Ann. N. York Acad. Sci. ix. p. 5 (1895) (in part.).
Strongylosomine, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixvii. p. 271 (1899).
Keels of the second segment projecting at a lower level than those of the third and succeeding segments,

moderately wide and jutting forwards beneath the inferior angle of the narrow first plate; keels of the
rest moderately well developed and with thickened margins carrying the pores or reduced to a very

ORTHOMORPHA. 159

narrow ledge. Antenne and legs moderately long, or long and slender. Caudal process narrowed
posteriorly with truncate apex or subcylindrical. Phallopods moderately large, the distal segments
showing division into two or even three elements, sometimes simple, sometimes branched towards the
end, the seminal stile in the latter case lying at all events usually on the upper (adoral) side of the
appendage and the guard or sheath on the lower or aboral side.

Distribution. Tropical and temperate zones of both Eastern and Western Hemispheres ;
but not as yet recorded as indigenous in Central America.

ORTHOMORPHA.

Paradesmus, Section III., Saussure, Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 326 (1859) ; Humbert & Saussure, Verh.
z.-b. Ges. Wien, xix. p. 670 (1869) (nom. preeocc.).
Orthomorpha, Bollman, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 46, p. 159 (1893) ; and of subsequent authors.

Antenne slender. First tergal plate wider than the head, semielliptical, generally with rounded angles;
metazonites smooth, from the fourth to about the 18th with a transverse sulcus. Acels moderately well
developed, with thickened borders carrying the lateral pores; posterior angle acute or subacute. Caudal
process with sides converging and apex truncate. Anal sternal plate triangular. Sternal areas unarmed.
Legs slender. Phallopod with its distal segment elongate and differentiated into femoral, tibial, and
tarsal elements; the seminal stile arising on the upper (adoral or preaxial) side and guarded by an
auxiliary branch forming a sheath which may be complicated by accessory branches.

Type, O. beaumonti.

Distribution. Oriental and Ethiopian Regions, introduced by human agency into
other Regions.

The name Paradesmus, Saussure, was originally applied to the following species :—
Section I. P. carolinensis ; Section IL. P. klugi, P. erichsoni, P. picteti; Section IIL.
P. beaumonti (Linn. Ent. xiii. pp. 325, 526, 1859). One of these must be its type,
the addition of P. coarctatus to the list in 1860 (Mém. Soc. Phys. Geneve, xv. p. 297)
not in any way affecting the question. Asa matter of fact this question was settled
by Humbert and Saussure in 1869 (Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xix. p. 670), who eliminated
the members of Sections I. and II. respectively under the names HKuryurus and
Pachyurus, and restricted Paradesmus to Section IL., making P. beaumonii its
type-species. But since Paradesmus was preoccupied, Bollman proposed Ortho-
morpha to replace it. Therefore P. beaumonti is the type of Orthomorpha and not
P. coarctata as Silvestri asserts [Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) xvi. p. 198, 1896]. The
importance of this conclusion comes in in the following way:—P. beaumonti was
described by Le Guillou, and its characters are not sufficiently well known to
enable a satisfactory settlement of its exact position to be reached. It may, in fact,
fall into the genus to which I subsequently gave the name Prionopeltis (see Attems,
Denk. Akad. Wien, lxvii. p. 559, 1899). If so, Prionopeltis will fall as a synonym
of Orthomorpha and another name will have to be found for the host of species
now by common consent assigned to Orthomorpha. But since P. beaumonti may be
congeneric with the latter, it would be premature to disturb the existing nomenclature.
I have therefore retained the name Orthomorpha for the following species.

160 DIPLOPODA.

1. Orthomorpha gracilis.

Fontaria gracilis, C. L. Koch, Syst. d. Myr. p. 142 (1847) *.

Paradesmus gracilis, Latzel, Myr. Osterr.-Ung. Mon. ii. p. 162, t. 6. fig. 70 (1884) *

Orthomorpha gracilis, Pocock, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xv. p. 354 (1895) * ; and of subsequent
authors.

Colour dark chocolate-brown with yellow keels.
Length from about 16-20 millim., width about 2.

Hab. Evroprr, Asia, &c.

This species, almost cosmopolitan in distribution owing to introduction by human
agency, has been recorded by Brodlemann from Guatemala (Mém. Soc. Zool. France,
xiii. p. 97, 1900) and Costa Rica, San José (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, lxxiv. p. 341,
1905).

Closely allied to the foregoing, and almost equally widely distributed, is Orthomorpha
coarctata, Saussure. Originally from the Eastern Hemisphere, this species has been
recorded from various localities in the Neotropical Region (Cayenne, Paraguay, Chile,
Jamaica), and by Brélemann from Cocos Island, which is under the protectorate
of Costa Rica (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixxil. p. 139, 1903). Its size and coloration
are the same as in O. gracilis; it differs, however, from that species in being rather
more convex dorsally and in the shape of the phallopods. ‘The tibial element of the
appendage in O. coarctata is long and slender, and the seminal stile is protected by a
simple sheath-like auxiliary branch. In O. gracilis, on the contrary, the tibial element
is short and conical and the seminal stile is protected by a much more complicated
auxiliary branch provided with accessory processes.

Fam, CHELODESMIDA.
Chelodesmide, Cook, Ann. N. York Acad. Sci. ix. p. 4 (1895).
Leptodesmine, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixvii. p. 369 (1900) *.

Keels of the 2nd segment well developed, but on the same level as those of the 3rd and Ist, the latter
as wide as those of the second or nearly so; keels of the rest large or small, with more or less
well-marked thickened pore-area. Antenne and legs elongate and slender. Caudal process subcylindrical
or triangular, apically truncate. Phallopods simple or complicated.

Distribution. Central and South America; Mediterranean Region.

Subfam. CHELODESMIN.
Leptodesmine (s. s.), Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. xi. p. 544 (1903).

Phallopods with coxal calear; generative processes of second leg in male short, blunt, and subconical, at least
in Central-American genera.

Distribution. As above for Chelodesmide.

DIRHABDOPHALLUS. 161

Key to the Central-American Genera.

a. Upper surface of metazonites with a deep transverse sulcus, behind which
the integument is ornamented with two rows of smooth or tubercular
areas; 5th segment of legs much longer than 4th and almost as long as
6th (at least in the type species) . . . . . . . . .. . . . Evrypornacuis.
a’. Upper surface of metazonites with at most a shallow sulcus, the area
behind it not differently sculptured from that in front of it.
6. Terminal segment of legs short, its proximal extremity supported beneath
by a pad-like process from the penultimate segment.
c. Phallopod forming a simple twisted rod with at most very small
accessory branches. . . . . 2... . ee ee ee) CC ¥CLORHABDUS.
c’. Phallopod short, stout, and complicated . . . 2)... .) ).) OPuybactopHaLuvs.
6*. Terminal segment of legs long, much longer than the penultimate and
not supported beneath in either sex by a pad projecting forwards |
from the penultimate. . . . . . 1... . 0 CDRH ABDOPHALLUS.

DIRHABDOPHALLUS, gen. nov.

Bady as wide anteriorly as in the middle. eels high, horizontal, and moderately well developed. Pores
normal in number and very commonly, at all events, carried upon tuberculiform excrescences projecting
from the lateral edge. Caudal process conical with truncate apex. Legs with terminal segments long,
much longer than the penultimate (Sth) segment, which is only a little longer than the 4th segment.
No arthrodial pad at the joint of the 5th and 6th segments beneath. Phallopods simple, consisting of
two branches projecting straight forwards and not bent upwards at the tip; the inferior branch of the
seminal stile sickle-shaped, with concavity looking inwards and geniculate at the base, the superior
auxiliary branch wider and longer than the other, protecting it from above and forming a partial sheath

over it.
Type, D. montanus.

Distribution. Central and South America.

Brélemann (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixvii. p. 284, 1898) stated that the genus
Leptodesmus, Saussure, was based upon L. sallei, Sauss., and added that I replaced
the name with Odontopeltis, without giving reasons for the change. This paragraph
contains three mistakes due to neglect to consult the original bibliographical sources
of the names. In the first place, I proposed Qdontopeltis as a substitute, not for
Leptodesmus, but for Rhacoyhorus, C. Koch. In the second place, I gave as my
reasons for the change the fact that Rhacophorus was preoccupied (Journ. Linn. Soc.,
Zool. xxiv. p. 509, 1893). In the third place—and this is a much more serious
question,—Leptodesmus was not based upon L. sallei *, but upon five species described
by Saussure as granulosus, subterraneus, carneus, aztecus, and yavanus (Linn. Ent. xiii.
pp. 3823-324, 1859). JL. sallei, therefore, which was not added to the group until its
revision by Saussure in 1860 (Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. pp. 299-304), cannot be

* T am glad to be able to share with Brélemann the responsibility for this error, since in the paper above
cited I stated that L. sallec ‘‘ appears to be the type” of Leptodesmaus.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., December 199.

162 DIPLOPODA.

its typical species; and Brélemann’s selection of L. sallet as the type is null and
void.

Of the five species originally referred to the genus, Saussure in 1860 eliminated
granulosus by referring it to Fontaria, and javanus by referring it to Odontodesmus
(Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. pp. 323, 328), thus leaving the choice of type between
subterraneus, carneus, and aztecus. But the selection has been still further narrowed
by the relegation of aztecus to the genus Neoleptodesmus by Carl in 1903. Of the
two remaining species, I propose to select carneus as the type, a species which has
been retained in Leptodesmus by both Attems and Carl, the latter of whom has given
figures and descriptions of the secondary sexual characters of the male. Judging from
these characters, which I have verified by an examination of the two examples in the
British Museum, Z. carneus appears to me to differ generically from all the allied
forms below enumerated from Central America. It differs at least in characters
analogous with and equivalent to those which form the basis of the generic distinctions
drawn between such genera as Acutangulus, Attems, and Neoleptodesmus, Carl.

In addition to the species assigned to it below, Dirhabdophalius contains several
others, such as D. plataleus, Karsch, D.goudoti, Gervais, and others from South America.
Brélemann speaks of this section as the ‘‘ Plataleus-group of Leptodesmus”; and
since the genus Leptodesmus, in the wide sense admitted by this author, by Attems,
and by Carl, contains heterogeneous elements, it appears to me expedient to give
nominal generic recognition to the above-mentioned section, which contains a number
of kindred forms with common characters readily capable of definition. ‘They all
apparently differ from the true Leptodesmus, as exemplified by the type-species,
L. carneus, Sauss., in having the terminal segment of the leg long, the penultimate
segment short, in the absence of an arthrodial pad beneath the joint of these segments,
in the much simpler structure of the phallopods, the more conical caudal process, in
having the keels of the anterior four segments less expanded and less depressed, in
colour, and in size. Leptodesmus carneus, which has been described by Saussure,
Attems, and Carl, is a very large Polydesmoid from Bahia. It is rosy-red in colour
and reaches a length, according to Saussure, of over 80 mm. For its general
characters reference may be made to the works of those authors just quoted. It must
be added, however, that Carl’s claim to have described Saussure’s original examples
must be dismissed, for Saussure expressly stated that the type of the species from which
his description and figure were taken was an immature male with undeveloped
phallopods, whereas Carl described an adult male and female, and there is no evidence
obtainable from the text of the origina! description that Saussure had more than the
one example in his hands at the time. ‘The examples from Rio Janeiro that he and
Humbert subsequently—that is to say, in 1872—assigned to this species were possibly

DIRHABDOPHALLUS, 163

those that Carl examined in the Geneva Museum. In any case they are not the
original and typical examples of the species and may prove to be specifically distinct

from it.

Key to the Central-American Species.

a. Slender, keels small, their width less than half the width of the metazonite ;
auxiliary ramus of phallopod not abruptly expanded at the tip, its inner edge
simple, no secondary crest passing in from it to protect the point of the
seminal stile.
6. Principal branch of phallopod (seminal stile) stout, with sigmoid curvature ;
auxiliary branch (sheath) very wide; keels a little larger; no distinct
yellow band crossing the posterior half of the metazonites. . . . . spatulatus.
6’, Principal branch of phallopod slender and evenly curved; auxiliary branch
also comparatively slender; keels smaller ; a pale or yellow band crossing
the posterior half of the metazonites . . . . . soe oe ee ew . UNSIGEr.
. Broader, the keels much larger, nearly half the width of the metazonite ;
auxiliary ramus of phallopod abruptly expanded and spatulate at the tip, the
inner edge double, giving rise to a secondary crest which passes inwards in
front of the apex of the seminal stile.
c. Smaller, length about 30 mm.; sculpturing more definitely granular, with
the three rows of tubercles on the metazonites clearly defined ; posterior
border of keels generally with a tooth or anguliform projection; no distinct
notch in front of the pore-prominence . . . . . . . . es . rodriguezi.
c'. Larger, length about 50 mm.; sculpturing coriaceous, coarser or finer; the
rows of tubercies less obvious.
d. Lateral border of keels with a distinct notch in front of the pore-
prominence ; posterior border of pore-bearing keels generally decidedly
angular, coarsely coriaceous . . . 1 ew ee le » 6 6 « montanus.
d'. Lateral border of keels forming a continuous curve; posterior border
also evenly curved, rarely only very feebly angular; finely coriaceous

on median area of metazonites . . 1 1. 1 ee eee ee ee gto sus.

1. Dirhabdophallus montanus, sp. n. (Tab. XII. figg. 4-49; XIIL fig. 2.)

Colour chocolate-brown, the external half of the keels yellowish white, sternal area and legs reddish yellow.
Keels rather large and horizontal. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd segments slightly narrower than the 4th and 5th ;
1st with evenly convex anterior border; posterior border of keels oblique, not emarginate ; lateral angle
rounded, not pointed. eels of 2nd and 3rd suboblong, with minute antero-lateral tooth ; keels of 4th
larger, with lateral margin slightly irregular and more convex posterior border. Keels of pore-bearing
segments with anterior angle widely convex, the posterior border in its external half running obliquely
forwards and outwards up to the porous area, which is somewhat abruptly thickened and forms a
tubercle-like excrescence; on the 12th and 13th the posterior border is markedly angled; on the 15th it
is strongly notched just behind the pore-area; on the 17th the posterior angle is a little acute and
projects backwards. On the poreless segments the anterior angles are widely rounded, the posterior
border lightly convex, and the posterior angle mostly rectangular, The entire dorsal surface of the
metazonites is roughened with irregular granulation, with three rows (the first indistinct) of larger, more
definite granules

Y2

164 DIPLOPODA.

Phallopods of the same type as in D. granosus ; the process forming the sheath for the scimitar-shaped, pointed
branch (seminal stile) stoutish with downbent margins, the laminate apex with a pointed angular tip

and defined by a distinct notch externally ; the space between the bases of the two branches wide when
seen trom the side.

Length 45 millim., width about 7.
Hab. Guatemaua, Volcan de Agua (Séol?).

2. Dirhabdophallus granosus. (Tab. XII. figg. 5-5 0.)

Leptodesmus plataleus granosus, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. x. p. 602, t. 10. fig. 27 (1902) *.

Colour as in D. montanus, to which this species is closely allied, but with the coriaceous sculpturing of the
terga rather finer and the tubercles less coarse. The 1st tergal plate has its posterior border more
sinuous, the posterior border of the lateral portion more concave and the posterior angle more acute; the
anterior angle of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th much more convex, not in any sense squared. ‘The keels of the
rest of the segments have their anterior margin less thickened, less convex; the lateral border with
the pore-area much less prominent and not emphasised by a notch and tooth in front; the posterior
border is more evenly convex, much less distinctly angled, and never shows a sign of a tooth; the
posterior end of the body is more narrowed and the keels of the 17th and 18th more produced and
acute. The phallopod also differs in that the lower ramus (seminal stile) is thinner and the upper
ramus (the sheath) also thinner, its inner edge, viewed from below, being lightly convex proximally and
lightly concave distally, not strongly convexo-concayve, while the terminal expansion is more quadrate
and less pointed. Seen from the side the proximal space between the rami is markedly narrower and

the superior ramus not geniculate but evenly convex above proximally.
Length of ¢ 50 millim., width 7.

Hab. Costa Rical, La Uruca 1100 metres, San José (Biolley).

The above-given description is taken from two male examples from La Uruca col-
lected by the late Paul Biolley and belonging to Mr. Godman’s collection. I believe
these to be identical specifically with those characterized by Carl, in spite of his remark
that the keels are similar to those of the Venezuelan form described by Brélemann
as Leptodesmus plataleus flaviporus (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixvii. p. 328, t. 29.
figg. 30-33). This is not true of my examples, in which the keels are manifestly
narrower than in D. faviporus. The form of the phallopods, however, is so similar
in the specimens from La Uruca and San José that it indicates specific identity

between them. There appears to me to be no valid reasons for regarding D. granosus
as a subspecies of D. plataleus.

3. Dirhabdophallus rodriguezi.

Leptodesmus rodriguezi, Brélemann, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xin. p. 108, t. 6. figg. 43-46
(1900) °.

Closely resembling D. montanus, but much smaller, with the keels of the 1st tergal plate much more acute ;

and also with the anterior angles of the 2nd and 3rd much more rounded and the posterior more acute
instead of having both subrectangular.
Length 31 millim., width 5.

Hab. Guavemata (Rodriguez), Purula (Stoll, ex Mus. Brit.).

DIRHABDOPHALLUS. 165

4. Dirhabdophallus spatulatus, sp. n. (Tab. XII. figg. 6-6 c.)

2. Colowr of dorsal surface of mature specimens black or very deep brown, the posterior angles of the keels
flavous ; antennew testaceo-fuscous ; legs flavous. Antenne long and slender, segments 2-6 subequal in
length. Body nearly parallel-sided, the keels of the Ist to 4th well developed and on the same level
with each other and with those of the rest of the body; the rest of the keels separated, rather small,
situated high above the middle of the sides, nearly horizontal, the anterior angle evenly rounded, the
posterior rectangular, produced posteriorly only in the last five segments ; the pores conspicuous, situated
in an ovate excavation of the keel just in front of the posterior angle and looking upwards and outwards,
the area around the pore forming a swollen prominence; the rest of the margin not thickened. The

' dorsal surface very finely but distinctly rugulose, with indications of transverse rows of granules, the
transverse sulcus shallow, but visible; lateral surface lightly wrinkled. Sterna wide, with straight
anterior border and emarginate posterior border. Anal tergal plate much ‘narrowed, its apex truncate ;
sternal plate triangular, with a setiferous tubercle on each side of the posterior angle.

Legs long and slender.

Length 37 millim., width 4°8.

3. Slenderer than 9, the keels horizontal and rising near the summit of the sides. The phallopods
terminating in two processes, the upper of which is very wide, spatulate, and hollowed below, while the
lower, lying in the hollow of the upper, is much shorter than it, pointed, and lightly curled.

Length 33 millim., width 3°8.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 8000 feet (1. H. Smith).

5. Dirhabdophallus ensiger, sp. n. (Tab. XII. fig. 7; XIII. fig. 1.)
Closely allied to the preceding (D. spatulatus). .
Differing in colour, in that the posterior half of the keel-bearing portion of the segments is ochraceous, which
gives the dorsal surface a yellower aspect ; antennee entirely testaceous. Keels much less developed.
Phallopods of the same form, but much slenderer.
©. Length 33 millim., width 4; ¢, length 29 millim., width 3:3.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme and Xautipa in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

The following species is of doubtful generic position, though probably belonging
to Dirhabdophallus, and possibly synonymous with D. granosus :—

Dirhabdophallus (?) hoffmanni.
Rhacophorus hoffmanni, Peters, Mon. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1864, p. 537°.
Colour dark vlive-brown, with the ends of the keels yellow. Edge of the keels rounded ; pores opening
upwards and borne upon an excrescence projecting from their lateral edge; posterior angle of keels

conspicuous only at the hinder end of the body.
Length 52 millim., width a little more than 6.

Hab. Costa Rica (Hoffmann 1),

Under the name Leptodesmus carinovatus, Attems (Mt. Mus. Hamburg, xviii. pt. 2,
p. 85, 1901) records a form from Port Limon, Costa Rica, which is in all probability
specifically distinct from the true LZ. carinovatus, from Manaos on the Amazons (Denk.
Akad. Wien, Ixvil. p. 376, t. 6. figg. 127, 128, and t. 7. fig. 154, 1899). The true
LL. carinovatus appears to belong to the genus Dirhabdophallus, but differs from all the
Central-American species of that genus that I have seen in the structural details
of its phallopods, the terminal rami being very short, the auxiliary branch very wide

166 DIPLOPODA.

and oval, and the seminal stile slender and but little curved. The segment that
bears them, moreover, seems, from Attems’s figures, to be rotated in such a way that
when viewed from the outside the seminal stile is completely concealed by lying on
the inner side of the sheath or auxiliary ramus. The length is 53 mm., much the
same, that is to say, as in D. granosus. ‘The dorsal surface, moreover, is granular,
with three rows of tubercles, and the pore-area is prominent as in the other Central-
American species. Attems unfortunately furnishes no particulars about the example
or examples from Port Limon he determined as L. carinovatus. He does not say that
there were males amongst them; and until information on this head is forthcoming
suspension of judgment must be exercised as to the correctness of his determination
of the specimens. It is, in my opinion, highly improbable that specific identity
exists between examples from Manaos and those from Costa Rica. But whether the
specimens from Port Limon are specifically distinct, as is indeed probable, from

D. granosus, Carl, and D. hoffmanni, Peters, both from Costa Rica, there are no data
to show.

For these reasons I have omitted D. carinovatus from the table of Central-American
species given above.

PHYLACTOPHALLUS, gen. nov.

Head sulcate above ; antenne elongate and slightly incrassate to the 6th segment, the segments from the
second to the sixth subequal in length. Body narrow, wider in front than behind, but even in front
barely wider than the head; Ist tergal plate as wide as the 2nd; anterior keels moderately well
developed, high and nearly horizontal, becoming gradually smaller in the middle and posterior portion
of the body; the metazonites with a distinct but not deep transverse sulcus beginning on the 4th or
Sth segments. Pores normal. Caudal process triangular, truncate, and anal sternal plate triangular.
Legs with sixth segment very short, shorter than fifth, which sends forwards a process beneath its

_ proximal end. Phallopods stout, apically blunt, and hooked, with a minute superior spiniform process
and an external laminate sclerite.

Type, P. stenomerus.

Distribution. Central America (Costa Rica).

1. Phylactophallus stenomerus, sp. n. (Tab. XIII. figg. 3-3h.)

Colour blackish, with the keels, the posterior border of the terga, the legs, and antennz pale. Head sulcate
above, rugulose. Antenne moderately long, a little incrassate, the second and third segments subequal
and slightly longer than the fourth, fifth, and sixth, which progressively decrease in length, the second
as long as the sixth and seventh together. Body narrow, parallel-sided, rugulose above. The 1st tergal
plate narrower than the head, nearly semicircular, convex above, its antero-lateral border evenly rounded
forwards from the angles of the keels, which are a little acute ; the posterior border mesially emarginate.
Dorsal surface of the rest of the segments convex above, the keels not much above the middle of the
sides and all small; the anterior and lateral borders of the majority forming a very obtusely rounded
angle ; the lateral margin evenly thickened, especially on the pore-bearing segments ; the pores looking
laterally ; posterior angles of the keels acute, subspiniform, and a little produced backwards, becoming
more and more spiniform and produced on the posterior segments. Keels of 2nd and 3rd segments
directed a little forwards, especially those of the 2nd, in which the anterior angle is squared ; anterior
angles of 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th, &c. becoming gradually more and more convex; a minute
antero-lateral tooth traceable on some of the anterior keels. The dorsal surface coriaceous, with
a distinct sinuous sulcus on the 5th to the 15th metazonites. Caudal process conical, truncated ;_

PHYLACTOPHALLUS.—CYCLORHABDUS. 167

anal sternal plate subtriangular, but not sharply pointed. Sterna moderately broad. Lateral surface
coriaceous. A crest above the legs of the posterior pair on all the segments in the anterior half of the
body. Legs moderately long; the anterior shorter and thicker than the posterior; the terminal segment
of the legs of segments 1 to 8 very short, only about half as long as the penultimate segment, which is
prolonged inferiorly beneath its proximal end as an arthrodial pad; terminal segment a little longer
than the penultimate in the segments from the 9th to the end; the second segment of all the legs
thickened and conically elevated above, the thickening gradually becoming smaller towards the end of
the posterior half; third segment always rather short, thickened and convex above on the anterior legs,
incrassate on the posterior legs; fourth segment shorter than fifth, the two together longer than the
third or sixth segments. Seminal processes of cox of second leg short and rounded ; two small tuber-
culiform excrescences on the anterior border of the sternum of the third segment. Socket of phallopods
large and wide, its border elevated behind, and widely separating the coxse of the posterior legs of the
seventh segment. Phallopods with coxal segments large and coarsely hairy in front; distal segment
with femoral piece also coarsely hairy, but the hairs shorter; this segment directed forwards, stout and
short, with its terminal portion bent upwards at a right angle, and inclining a little outwards, and near
the middle of its outer side there arises a large subquadrate Jamina projecting outwards and downwards ;
the tip of the organ is hcoked backwards and bluntly emarginate towards a short subcylindrical process
(? the seminal stile) which arises from the upper side of the segment.
Length, ¢, 23 millim., width about 2.

Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu (fogers).

It is possible that the genus Rhachidomorpha may have to come into this section of
the Polydesmoidea, and not into the Rhachidesmine, where it is placed in this
enumeration. ‘The doubts that envelop the systematic position cf the genus have
arisen from our ignorance of the male-characters of the Mexican specimens described
by Saussure as Rhachidesmus tarasea, the typical species of the genus, and from the fact
that Attems has described as 2. tarasca a specimen from Espirito Santo in Brazil,
which unquestionably belongs to the section Leptodesmine. In this example the
phallopod has a distinct calcar and terminates in three branches—a superior arising
from the femoral portion, and two, one above the other, from the terminal or tibial
portion, the upper of these bearing the seminal duct, and the lower or aboral being
an auxiliary branch. But whether or not the true &. tarasca possesses this type of
phallopod, it differs from all the known Central-American species of Chelodesmine in
its strongly elevated subspiniform keels.

For further particulars concerning this species, see below, under the heading

Rhachidomorpha, p. 174.

CYCLORHABDUS.

Cyclorhabdus, Brélemann, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixvii. p. 279 (1898) ; Mém. Soc. Zool. France,
xiii. p. 98 (1900).

Allied to Dirhabdophallus, but differing in that the distal segment of the phallopod consists in the main of
a single long, curled, and more or less twisted sclerite, without or with only very short accessory
branches; in having the terminal segment of the legs short and supported proximally beneath by a
forwardly directed process from the penultimate segment.

Type, C. annulus, Brol.

Distribution. Venezuela and Guatemala.

168 DIPLOPODA.

1. Cyclorhabdus contortus.

Cyclorhabdus contortus, Brédlemann, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xiii. p. 98, t. 6. figg. 21-25 (1900) * ;
Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xxix. p. 189 (1904) *.

Leptodesmus contortus, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. x. p. 607, t. 10. figg. 28-31 (1902) *.

Colour greyish-brown with the swollen area of the keels pale yellow and a pale round spot in the middle of
the dorsal area of the segment; antenne and legs pale ochre. Dorsal surface of the segments coriaceous ;
area beneath the keels granular. Head smooth. Antenne tolerably long and slender. J irst dorsal
plate as wide as the head, with angles rounded and feebly concave posteriorly. eels of 2nd, 3rd,
and 4th segments subrectangular, a little depressed anteriorly; a minute tooth on the anterior angle
of the 2nd. Upon the following segments the keels are reduced to a slender rounded ledge, which,
however, is much dilated upon the segments carrying the pores; pores small and opening laterally ;
groove between the two portions of the segment wide and longitudinally canaliculate. Caudal process of
20th segment conical, with round slightly down-bent tip. Legs moderately long, the two basal segments
studded externally (above) with spiniform tubercles; the penultimate segment produced inferiorly and
distally beneath the proximal end of the terminal segment, which is short. Phallopods with basal
portion (femoral area) of distal segment short, subcylindrical, and internally hairy ; distal portion with
an external spiniform process near the base, the rest of the segment stout with its distal half bent
strongly upwards and outwards, ending in two processes—a slender seminal stile and a broader, more
rounded, subsidiary process. Sternum of the 5th with two short, wide, flattish processes between the
legs of the first pair and also a tubercle at the base of the cox of those of the second pair.

Length, 9, 25 millim., width 3°40.

” 3, 20 ” ” 2°20.

Hab. Guatemara!3 (Rodriguez).

This genus and species are known to me only from the description and figures.

EUTYPORHACHIS, gen. nov.

Distinguishable in hoth sexes from Dirhabdophallus by the presence of a deep transverse sulcus on the dorsal
area of the metazonites, the area behind the sulcus ornamented with two rows of flat tessellated or
tubercular areas. Fifth segment of legs much longer than the fourth and only a little shorter than the
sixth. Phallopods otherwise formed.

Type, £. tessellatus.

Distribution. Guatemala.

Forms related to the type-species of this genus have been referred by myself and
Attems to Odontopeltis (cf. supra, p.161). Now the name Odontopeltis was proposed as
a substitute for Rhacophorus, Koch; therefore the type-species of Odontopeltis must be
the same as that of Rhacophorus, a point which has not yet been settled, for it will
be noticed that Silvestri in his analytical key to the genera of Polydesmide cited a
type-species for all the genera save Odontopeltis.

Of the two forms referred by Koch to Rhacophorus, I select R. conspersus, Perty,
as the type. The specific name conspersus was given to a Polydesmoid from Brazil
measuring over 80 mm. in length, with wide keels in which the posterior angle from
the fifth segment onwards is acutely produced and directed more and more back-
wards towards the posterior end of the body, the anterior border being lightly convex
and the posterior lightly concave or straight and with the anterior angle armed
externally with a strong, sharp, but short tooth, defined posteriorly by a conspicuous

EUTYPORHACHIS. 169

notch which separates it from the thickened but not prominent porous area. ‘The
upper surface is granular and rugulose. Until this species has been rediscovered and
the character of the male made known, the position of Odontopeltis will remain
unsettled. It may be that none of the forms referred to Odontopeltis by Attems and
myself are congeneric with R. conspersus. At all events, it appears to me to be
practically certain that the one I have described below as ELutyporhachis tessellatus is
generically distinct from it.

The two species here referred to the genus Hutyporhachis may be distinguished as
follows :—

Posterior area of terga behind the transverse groove tessellated, the anterior shorter

areas irregularly rounded, the posterior larger, longitudinally oblong, scarcely

tubercular; the single subsidiary branch of phallopod not much expanded

proximally, strongly bigeniculate. 2. 2... 2 1 ew . . . tessellatus.
Sculpturing of posterior area of terga behind the sulcus tubercular, the tubercles of

the posterior row overlapping the edge of the segments; phallopod with two

subsidiary branches, the larger forming a funnel-sbaped expansion on the inner

side of the seminal stile and not bigeniculate. . 2. . . 0. . 2...) Ooltramarei.

1. Eutyporhachis tessellatus, sp. 0. (Lab. XIII. figg. 4-4 ¢.)

3. Colour piceous above; the pore-bearing area of the keels sometimes paler; legs and antenne yellowish
brown. Antenne long, not incrassate, the second segment only a little longer than the third, fourth,
fifth, and sixth. Head smooth above, hairy below; frontal sulcus distinct. Body as wide anteriorly
as in the middle, attenuated posteriorly ; keels widely separated. rst tergal plate smooth above, lightly
convex; its anterior border not quite evenly curved, being straightish across the middle, laterally strongly
convex, with well-developed posteriorly acutely pointed angle projecting backwards as far as the posterior
border of the median area, with the intervening posterior border of the keel somewhat strongly concave.
All the keels high on the sides, projecting horizontally, so that the back is nearly flat; their anterior
border convex and becoming gradually more and more sloped backwards from the 2nd to the 19th
segment, forming an even arch with the anterior half of the lateral border, so that from the 4th
backwards no definite anterior angle is formed; the posterior angle acutely produced on all the keels
and surpassing more or less the posterior edge of the median portion of the tergal area; those of
the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th with posterior border more concave and angle more produced than are those
of the median area of the body, where the posterior border is sometimes lightly convex or inclined
forwards, then abruptly bent backwards, sometimes showing a few small teeth, which, however, are
inconstant; from the 16th to the 19th, where the body is narrowed, the keels become gradually produced
more and more backwards, those of the 18th forming strong spiniform processes, those of the 19th
smaller spiniform processes; antero-lateral edge of the keel elevated, on the poreless segments, the
elevated edge gradually passing into the thickening which pervades the posterior angle; but on the pore-
bearing segment the pore-area is more abruptly and more strongly thickened, and is defined from the
anterior portion of the lateral border by a distinct notch, except on segments 17 to 19. Dorsal area
strongly sculptured, as in the genus Po/ydesmus ; each metazonite marked with a deep, central, mesially
angled transverse sulcus ; the area in front of this smooth, but mesially suleate, and furnished usually
with two pairs of small setigerous granules; the area behind the sulcus divided up into two transverse
rows of low polygonal areas which are posteriorly weakly tuberculiferous, the areas of the anterior row,
usually six in number, shorter than those of the posterior row, which are usually eight in number
and longitudinally suboblong ; sometimes the areas of these two rows almost fuse, and externally
they pass into a few similar but less well-defined areas upon the upper side of the keels ; the 2nd and 3rd

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., December 1909. Z

170 DIPLOPODA.

segments are only very weakly tessellated in the way above described and the transverse sulcus begins
on the 4th; 19th segment weakly tessellated. Caudal process of 20th conical, apically truncate ;
sternal plate triangular, the apex not spiniform. Sternal areas of segments wide, slightly wider in front
than behind, posteriorly lightly emarginate; but upon the posterior segments more strongly so, the
sternum of the 19th and in a lesser degree of the 18th being angularly excised behind. Sterna and legs
hairy. Anterior sterna of § without tubercles or processes. Genital process of second leg short and
blunt. Phallopods moderately long, robust, ending in two branches—an external, slender, attenuated,
pointed, and downcurved in its distal half (the seminal stile) ; and a larger internal, which is broad and
bent sharply downwards proximally and then abruptly forwards and slightly outwards distally, the
extremity being narrow and pointed. Fossa of phallopods wide, with strongly elevated thin posterior
border. Coxe of legs of 7th segment widely separated.

¢@. Like the male, but a little larger and with the keels considerably less expanded (head and first three
segments missing in only specimen available).

Length, ¢, 30 millim., width 3°5.

» @, about 35 millim. (damaged), width 4:2.

Hab. Guatemata, Senahu in Alta Vera Paz (Champion).

2. Eutyporhachis oltramarei.
Leptodesmus oltramarei, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. x. p. 600, t. 10. fig. 34 (1902) *.

Colour yellow or brownish yellow; sterna and appendages clear yellow. (Head and first tergal plate
unknown.) Ace/s small, not much surpassing the posterior border of the median area of the segments,
their anterior border forming a continuous arch with the anterior half of the lateral border. On the
keels without pores the hinder angle is rectangular with the short posterior border of the keels.
On the pore-bearing segment the pore-area forms an oval thickening, which projects a little beyond
the border of the tergal area as a blunt anguliform process. Dorsal surface lightly vaulted, shining ;
the metazonites with central transverse groove ; area in front of the groove smooth or at most lightly
coriaceous ; area behind it with two rows of tubercles, the first row consisting of six larger tubercles,
the second row of eight smaller tubercles, which extend beyond the posterior edge of the tergal plate.
Externally to the ends of the suleus there is a small swelling. Legs long and thin, sparsely hairy.
Phallopods moderately long; the distal segment divided into two unequal branches; the subsidiary
branch is inferior, subcylindrical, and apically attenuated. The principal branch is longer and stronger
and is itself divided distally into two, one of which (the seminal stile) is narrowed and slightly down-
bent apically, while the other is expanded into a funnel-shaped lamina, the cavity of which looks
outwards and upwards and guards the seminal stile on the inner side.

Length about 20 millim., width 1-8-2.

Hab. Guaremata (Oltramare ').

Subfam. RHACHODESMINA.
Rhachidesmine *, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. xi. p. 558 (1903).

Phallopods without coxal calcar, usually excavated on the inner aspect of the femoral element. Generative
processes of second leg in male long, slender, and projecting backwards.

Distribution. Central America.

* Although Carl employed the term Rhachidesmine for this section, the genus Rhachidesmus does not.
appear amongst the genera included under it. He retains the preoccupied name Rhachis, for which Cook had
substituted that of Rhachodesmus.

RHACHODESMIN. 171

Key to the Central-American Genera.

a. All the pores absent, except a single pair upon the fifth segment. . . . Dvoporus.
a’. Pores retained upon other segments, normal in number or in excess of
the normal.
6. Pores abnormal in number, present upon segments 8, 11, and 14. . . SrroneyLopEsMus.
6. Pores normal in number, absent upon segments 8, 11, and 14.
c. Distal segment of phallopod bent at a right angle to the coxa and
bearing a distinct seminal fossa at the base on the inner side.
d. Seminal fossa of phallopod forming a circular or subcircular pit
lined with hairs.
e. Keels elevated, spiniform, with acutely-pointed angles . . . . RuacHrIpoMoRPHA.
e’. Keels broad, laminate, not spiniform.
f. Lateral edges of keels scarcely thickened, but markedly irre-
gularin outline . . . . RHACHODESMUS.
jf’. Lateral edges of keels markedly thickened, with evenly rounded
outline . 2. 2. 1. we. Loe . . . . . PARARHACHISTES.
d', Seminal fossa of phallopod not closed on its distal side, but opening
into a wide channel traversing the inner surface of the segment.
g. Keels small, ending posteriorly in a sharp tooth; phallopod
3-pronged, the seminal stile narrow acuminate, not longer
than the auxiliary branches . . . . 1...) . . s) .) . )06ACUTANGULUS.
g'. Keels large, not markedly spiniform; seminal stile of phallopod
compressed, sublaminate, and much longer than the auxiliary
branches . . . woe 6 6 «© + ee). )6NEOLEPTODESMUS.
. Distal segment of phallopod not bent at a right angle to the coxa,
the two segments axially in the same straight line and protruding
vertically from their socket ; no distinct seminal fossa at the base
of the distal segment.
h. Phallopods large; their sockets large and abutting against the basal
segments of the legs of the seventh segment; the tracheal rods
short; anal sternal plate distinctly triangular; keels large and
overlapping . . . . toe ee soe ee . ACERATOPHALLUS.
h*. Phallopods very small with long and cylindrical tracheal rods : ;
their sockets very small and remote from the basal segments of
the legs of the seventh segment ; anal sternal plate semi-oval.
i. Keels medium-sized, not overlapping; sternal areas not com-
pressed and bituberculate behind; legs with sixth segment
much longer than fifth. . . . . oe . . . «+ « PAMMICROPHALLUS.
. Keels very large, wide, overlapping and depressed ; sternal areas
narrowed posteriorly, with their posterior border deeply angled
and bidentate ; legs with sixth segment only a little longer
than fifth . . . 2. 2. 2. ee ee eee ee 6. )6ZEUCTODESMUS.

Z2

172 DIPLOPODA.

DUOPORUS.
Duoporus, Cook, Pr. Ent. Soc. Wash. iv. p. 402 (1901).

Antenne slender, clavate, the sixth segment the broadest and longest, its length a little exceeding that of the
second. Head smooth, prominent ; without sulcus. First tergal plate semielliptical, wider than the
head, a little narrower than the second, its angles not produced. Segments not sulcate or sculptured,
smooth, rather strongly convex. Keels moderately broad, inserted about the middle of the side, broader
on the anterior than on the posterior segment; the posterior border concave and posterior angle acute,
becoming sharply spiniform on the posterior segments ; anterior angle rounded, with very minute notch ; the
margin entire, thin, and with very fine raised rim. Pores present only on segment 5; minute and lodged
in a depression just inside the edge of the keel, which is not thickened. Caudal process subtriangular,
with apex abruptly narrowed, truncated. Anal sternal plate nearly as long as broad, with rounded
margin; tubercles obsolete. Sterna with a small conical spine at the base of each leg. Phallopod quite
simple; distal segment unbranched, subfalcate, at right angles to the proximal, which is large, prominent,
and subeylindrical. Genital processes of second leg of g sharp, conical, and directed posteriorly.

Type and only known species, D. barretti, Cook.

Distribution. Mexico.

Cook makes no suggestion as to the systematic position of Duoporus. The only
character mentioned in the diagnosis from which I can form an opinion on this point
is the shape and position of the genital processes of the second leg in the male, which
in being conical and sharp and projecting backwards from the posterior aspect of the
coxee resemble these same processes in Lthachodesmus, Strongylodesmus, and other
genera referred by Carl to the Rhachodesminge ; but there is no evidence that the
coxal spur is missing. In the presence of two pores only on the fifth segment,
Duoporus differs from ali known Central-American genera, except Stenodesmus, a
genus in other respects totally distinct from it.

Since only one species of this aberrant genus is known, it is difficult to decide what
characters are of generic and what of specific value. No doubt some of those
mentioned in the generic diagnosis will prove to be merely of specific importance
when other species have been discovered.

1. Duoporus barretti.
Duoporus barretti, Cook, Pr. Ent. Soc. Wash. iv. p. 404 (1901)’*.
Colour pale purplish (in alcohol).

Length 12-14 millim., width 1-9-2.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca in Morelos }.

STRONGYLODESMUS.

Strongylodesmus, Saussure, Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 827 (1859) ; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 537
(1860) ; Saussure & Humbert, Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 55 (1872), and of all later authors.

Antenne long and slender. Second tergal plate as wide as the following. Keels well developed, situated
high on the sides, horizontal; lateral borders of the pore-bearing keels thickened, of the poreless keels
hardly bordered. Pores upon segments 5, 7-19, near the edges of the keels, the latter with rounded
angles, except those of the 17th to 19th segments, which are broad and spiniform. Caudal process of

STRONGYLODESMUS. 173

anal segment triangularly conical and truncate; sternal plate triangular. Zegs long and slender.
Sterna wider than long. Phallopods with basal segment (coxa) without calcar; distal segment stout,
subcylindrical, furnished apically with a slender hooked process (the seminal stile).

Type, S. cyaneus, Sauss.

Distribution. Mexico.

This well-marked genus differs from all others known from Central America in
having pores upon the 8th, 11th, and 14th segments, as well as upon the 5th, 7th, 9th,
10th, 12th, 13th, 15th to 19th segments as in Polydesmoidea with normal pore-
formula. In other respects Strongylodesmus most resembles Rhachodesmus.

1. Strongylodesmus geddesi, sp.n. (Tab. XIII. figg. 5-5.)

Colour (in alcohol) pale olive-green, with the keels tinted with yellow; antenne green like the head and
dorsal surface; legs markedly yellower than the body. Head rugulose, with frontal sulcus. Antenne
long, segments 2 to 6 subequal in length, distance between antennz less than length of their second
segment. Upper surface of the metazonites uniformly and closely covered with granules, with exception
of the extreme edges and the lateral thickening of the keels. Back nearly flat, with high horizontal keels ;
an indistinct transverse row of small tubercles along the posterior border of the median area of the
tergal plates. The jirst tergal plate wide with the keels well developed, the anterior angle rounded,
postcrior angle sharp and rectangular, anterior border of the plate straight from side to side, posterior
border mesially lightly emarginate and elevated, posterior border of keels oblique and straight. On the
keels from the 2nd to about the 16th the anterior and posterior borders are more or less convex,
on the 2nd and 38rd the anterior border is strongly convex and the posterior border nearly straight ;
but upon the segments of the mid-region the posterior border is more convex than the anterior; the
anterior angle of the keel is rounded, with a distinct but small antero-lateral tooth ; the posterior angle
is nearly square, but from about the 7th backwards its angle bears a small backwardly directed
tooth; there is also an angulation of the lateral border just beneath the pores; posterior border of
16th to 19th directed more and more backwards, the 18th and 19th being triangularly spiniform and
posteriorly uplifted. Caudal process of anal tergal plate curved, triangular, truncate; sternal plate wide,
triangular, with setiferous tubercies far apart and some distance behind the extremity. Sternal areas
wide, transversely oblong, hairy. Lateral area of metazonites granular, of prozonites smooth. Legs long ;
third segment a little longer than the first, both longer than fourth + fifth segments. Phallopods
short and thick; thickly hairy externally and in the hollow internally ; ending distally on the inner
aspect in a somewhat bowl-shaped hollow, the proximal border of which is armed with two short
spiniform teeth, the distal border being angled above and passing below into a large, wide, semicircularly
curved inwardly directed, sickle-shaped ramus, the seminal stile, which lies in a horizontal plane when
the phallopod projects forwards, the apices of the two normally crossing each other; behind the superior
angle of the hollow there is a forwardly directed tuft of bristles, and between the two teeth of its
posterior or proximal edge there is a backwardly directed triangular gutter running back towards the
excavation of the femoral portion. Seminal processes long and slender. Legs of first pair short, but
otherwise unmodified,

Length of ¢ 41 millim., width 5.

Hab. Mexico (Patrick Geddes, in Mus. Brit.).

2. Strongylodesmus cyaneus.

Strongylodesmus cyaneus, Sauss. Linn, Ent. xiii. p. 827 (1859) *; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv.
p. 587, t. 3. fig. 20 (1860) *; Sauss. & Humb. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 55 (1872)*; Attems,
Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixviii. p. 418 (1899) *; Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. xi. p. 555 (1908) ’.

Strongylodesmus viridis, Peters, Mon. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1864, p. 547 (sec. Saussure & Humbert) °,

174 DIPLOPODA.

The descriptions of this species furnished by Saussure and Carl compel me to regard it as distinct from the
form described above as S. geddest. According to Carl’s figures of the phallopod, the apical or distal
hollow in S. cyaneus is much longer and narrower, has no spiniform teeth on its proximal margin, and
the seminal stile instead of being semicircularly curved and directed straight inwards, is sharply
geniculate at the base and projects decidedly downwards and inwards with a sinuous curvature.
In general form the two species are much alike, but de Saussure represents the anterior borders of
the keels as considerably more convex than they are in S. geddesi, especially on the first tergal plate
are the anterior borders of the keels produced and convex, thus giving rise to the median concavity he
describes and figures. This does not exist in S. geddesi, where the anterior border forms from side to
side a continuous curve, strongly pronounced laterally. Lastly, he makes no mention of any denticle
on the antero-lateral border of the keels nor of a tooth upon the posterior angle, the margin of the keels
forming, according to his figure, a continuous curve. Perhaps no great reliance should be placed upon
the differences in colour; it must be borne in mind, however, that he describes S. cyaneus as green and
represents the legs and keels as the same colour as the body. His animal is also larger, the length
being 47 millim. and the width 7.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba !~6,

RHACHIDOMORPHA.
Rhachidomorpha, Saussure, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 326 (1860); Saussure & Humbert,
Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 37 (1872).
Rhachidomorpha, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, lxvii. p. 410 (1899).
Microrhachis, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. xi. p. 556 (1903).

Distinguishable from all the Central-American genera by the shape of the keels, which are well developed,
separated, high on the sides, elongate, spiniform, and tilted upwards so that the dorsal surface is flat or
hollow, the degree to which the keels are tilted depending upon the sex and species, the tilting being
greater in the male than in the female and greater in the typical species tarasca than in adunca. Pores
normal, Phallopods, where known, much like those of Rhachodesmus ; the basal segment without calcar ;
the proximal end of the distal segment with a roundish seminal fossa, the distal end with a seminal
stile and a large bifid subsidiary branch.

Type, R. tarasca, Sauss.

Distribution. Mexico.

I have added Microrhachis to the synonymy of Rhachidomorpha, because I cannot
find any evidence that satisfies me as to the existence of generic characters to distin-
cuish the typical species of the two, namely tarasca and adunca. Microrhachis was
based upon the male-characters of the latter; but since the male of the genuine
tarasca does not appear to have been examined for the particular points presented by
adunca, there is very little evidence, much less procf, of their generic distinctness.
On the other hand, the two species are so much alike in general features, especially in
the unusual shape and direction of the keels, that strong presumptive evidence is
supplied of the resemblance extending to deeper-seated structures. Attems, however
(Mt. Mus. Hamburg, xviii. pp. 85, 95, 1901), records these two species, namely
kk. tarasca and FR. adunca, from Espirito Santo in Brazil; and, as the result of his
examination of the specimens so identified, reduced Lhachidomorpha to a subgeneric
synonym of Leptodesmus. ‘This conclusion is opposed to that of Carl, who had the
opportunity of examining the type of #. adunca, for which he wrongly retained the

RHACHIDOMORPHA. ‘175

name wneinata. This author showed that the phallopod of R. adunca has no coxal
calcar, and thus differs from that organ as known in all the species modern authors
have referred to Leptodesmus. There is no evidence, however, that Attems knew
the male of the species he identified as R. adunca. ‘The male was known to him in
the case of the species he determined as R. tarasca. But all that I know of the
distribution of species of Diplopods justifies the conclusion that the two species
from Espirito Santo must be specifically different from the genuine R. adunca and
ft. tarasca from Mexico. If this be so, as is practically certain, they may also be
generically different. At all events, it is proved that 2. adunca does not belong to
the genus Leptodesmus, and I do not think the evidence justifies the conclusion that
ft. tarasca is generically distinct from 2. adunca. I have tentatively, therefore, kept
them under the same generic heading, Rhachidomorpha, of which the type-species is
ft. tarasca, with Microrhachis, of which the type-species is R. adunca, as its synonym.
Examination of the male-characters of 2. tarasca alone can show whether this opinion
is correct or whether &. ¢arasca, carrying with it the generic name Rhachidomorpha,
belongs to the same category of species as Leptodesmus and differs generically from
ft. adunca. If this be so, the genus Microrhachis will have to be resuscitated in the
section Rhachodesmine.
The two known species may be distinguished as follows :—

a. Keels very strongly elevated and corniform. . . . .. . . . . . . . .~ tarasca.
6. Keels only moderately elevated. 2. 2. 2. 1 ww ee eee ee dunce.

1. Rhachidomorpha tarasca.
Polydesmus (Rhachidomorpha) tarasca, Sauss. Mém. Soc. Phys. Geneve, xv. p. 327, t. 4. fig. 24
(1860).

3. Colour? Body slender, elongate, and smooth. Antenne very long and slender. First tergal plate with
its anterior border semicircularly arched; its keels strongly aliform, elevated, with posterior border
concave, ending in a sharp backwardly-directed spine. Acels of 2nd and 3rd segments directed slightly
forwards at the base, then strongly recurved ; those of the following segments in the form of narrow
wings, strongly elevated, terminated by a sharp backwardly-directed spine ; marginal thickening narrow ;
the pores not far from the extremity of their spiniform processes; a small spiniform tooth near the
anterior end of the outer side of the keels. The keel-bearing portion of all the segments with an arched
groove extending across from the base of one keel to that of the other. Caudal process of anal tergal
plate conical.

Length 21 millim., width ?

Hab. Mexico, Cordova},

2. Rhachidomorpha adunca.

Polydesmus (Rachidomorpha) uncinatus, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xxi. p. 152 (1869) ' ;
Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 38, t. 1. fig. 14 (1872) * (wncinatus preoccupied).

Polydesmus (Rachidomorpha) aduncus, Sauss. & Humb, Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 158 (1872)’*,

176 DIPLOPODA.

Rhachidomorpha aduncus, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixvii. p. 410 (1899) *,
Rhachis (Microrhachis) uncinatus, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. xi. p. 556, t. 16. fig. 15 (1903) °.

2. Colour cochineal-red, passing into white in dried specimens. Body slendcr, with the segments, which are
smooth and shining, a little separated. Antenne long. Dorsal surface flat between the keels, which are
tilted upwards above the horizontal plane. First tergal plate with its anterior border nearly semicircu-
larly arched, the posterior strongly sinuous, its keels directed backwards and sharp. The other keels
aliform, becoming more and more pointed and produced posteriorly and terminated by a long spine;
their anterior edge bordered and armed externally with a small tooth. Pores small, opening on the
terminal spine. Caudal process of 20th conical.

¢. Keels much more elevated, segments more separated and the anterior tooth more pronounced than in the
female. Phallopods with distal segment bent at right angles to the basal (coxa) and stout; its femoral
and tibial areas not distinctly separable ; from the base distad of the seminal fossa there arises a chitinous
process bearing the seminal duct, to which the main part of the segment acts as a guard; this is divided
into two pieces, an inner simple, shaped like a knife-blade, while the outer is expanded, more lobate,

. and itself subdivided.

Length, 2, 20 millim., width 2-7.

3, 21 » «28.

Hab. Mexico, Monte Azul, Cerro de Azcamela, Sierra de Agua in the Eastern
Cordillera 1~?.

39

According to Humbert and Saussure, this species is difficult to distinguish from
R. tarasca, but has the keels less divergent, less elevated, less corniform, more
lamellar, more aliform, and with the anterior border more arched.

RHACHODESMUS.

Polydesmus (Rachis), Saussure, Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 3826 (1859); Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv.
p. 829 (1860) ; Humbert & Saussure, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xix. p. 692 (1869); Miss. Sci.
Mex., Myr. p. 54 (1872).

Rhachis, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixvi. p. 415 (1899) ; Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. xi. p. 554
(1903) (preoccupied).

Rhachodesmus, Cook, Ann. N. York Acad. Sci. ix. p. 4 (1895).

Antenne long and slender. Dorsal surface flat or even slightly hollow. eels, except those of the anterior
segments, which are contiguous, somewhat widely separated from each other on each side, wide and
lamelliform, with the lateral border not thickened, or scarcely so, but irregularly lobate or toothed, only
to a slight extent thickened round the pores, which are normal in number and placed near the middle of
the lateral border slightly above the edge. Caudal process of anal segment triangular, truncate. Legs
very long. Sterna hairy. Phallopods with basal segment (coxa) without calcar: the second segment
stout but short, swollen basally and furnished internally with a large subcircular seminal fossa which is
lined with bristles.

Type, 2. viridis.

Distribution. Mexico and California.

1. Rhachodesmus viridis.
Polydesmus (Rhachis) viridis, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xi. p. 326 (1859)'; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv.
p. 830, t. 3. fig. 19 (1860) 2; Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixvil. p. 415 (1899) °*.

Colour blue or green, becoming more or less decolorized in alcohol, the keels, legs, and antenne becoming

RHACHODESMUS.—PARARHACHISTES. 177

yellowish-white, with traces of the bluish tint on the cylindrical portion of the segments. Head finely
rugose, naked and sulcate above, hairy below. Antenne hairy, not incrassate. First tergal plate almost
as wide as the second, with lightly concave anterior border, convex lateral border, and posterior border
straight mesially, directed slightly forwards laterally, the angles rounded. Body elongate; dorsal surface
rugulose from the 1st to the 18th segment, hollowed, the keels standing high on the sides and a little
uptilted. Keels subquadrate, slightly wider basally than the median area ; the lateral border excised in
its posterior half, giving rise to a median lobe and a short posterior lateral subspiniform process ; in the

- anterior half of the body there is also a small antero-lateral spiniform tooth; keels of 17th and 18th
segments forming wide spiniform processes, those of the 19th very small. All the leys slender and richly
hairy. In the male the seminal processes of the coxe of the legs of the 2nd pair are elongate and
smaller, but somewhat similar processes are present upon the coxe of the 3rd pair. Base of the distal
segment of the phallopod swollen, thickly hairy inferiorly (posteriorly), and defined from the distal portion
by a deep notch, giving rise to a conical process, the distal portion straight, not bent downwards, with
rounded antero-inferior angle and divided into four more or less distinct lamellew, the two inner with
serrate edges, behind the distal of the latter arises a short process tipped with four long bristles.

Length, 3, from 50-60 millim., width from 6-7.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba 1~°,

PARARHACHISTES, gen. nov.

Head with deep frontal sulcus, smooth above and hairy below. Antenne long and slender, not incrassate, the
4th and 5th segments serrate, only a little shorter than the 6th, which is subequal to the 2nd and 3rd. Keels
well developed on all the segments, rising high on the sides, and horizontal or more or less elevated at the
anterior end of the body ; except at the anterior end not in contact, but separated much as in Ihacho-
desmus and Strongylodesmus; rather longer antero-posteriorly than the median dorsal area of the
segments ; the lateral margin not noticeably excised, but markedly thickened, especially on the pore-
bearing segments, which are of the normal number; a small antero-lateral tooth; the 17th to the 19th
keels posteriorly produced, spiniform, but not sharp. Caudal process of anal segment triangular, trun-
cated ; anal sternal plate triangular with rounded apex. Sterna wider than long, hairy. Legs long, hairy,
6th segment shorter than 8rd and about as long as the 4th and 5th taken together. Generative orifice

- of 2 very large, with two long, generally protruded vulval sclerites. Phallopod of male much like that
of Lhachodesnus, but with a longish, slender, flagelliform process arising from the base of the distal

; segment instead of a conical process.

Ty pe, P. elevatus.

Distribution. Mexico.

Allied to Rhachodesmus, Cook, but at least distinguishable by having the lateral
margins of the keels considerably thickened, the thickening carrying the pore, with
the edge evenly rounded and nearly straight, at most slightly sinuous and with a
minute antero-external tooth.

The two known species of Pararhachistes may be distinguished as follows :—

a. Keels of the anterior four segments strongly elevated and produced backwards
far beyond the posterior border of the median area of the segments . . . . elevatus.

a’. Keels of the anterior four segments moderately elevated and scarcely produced
backwards beyond the posterior border of the median area of the segments . ._ vertebratus.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., December 1909. 2A

‘178 ; DIPLOPODA.

1. Pararhachistes elevatus, sp.n. (Tab. XIII. figg. 7-7 d; XIV. figg. 1-1.)

Colour (in alcohol) pale olive-grecn; legs and antenne yellower. Body slender, attenuated posteriorly.
Keels of 1st, 2nd, 8rd, and 4th segments directed obliquely upwards and backwards almost as much as
in Rhachidomorpha tarasca ; those of the 5th less strongly elevated ; the following keels horizontal, except
those at the posterior end, which are slightly elevated. Anterior border of Ist tergal plate straight, lateral
borders of keels also nearly straight and parallel, the anterior angle rectangularly rounded, the posterior
portion of the keels produced considerably beyond the posterior border of the median portion. ‘The 2nd,
3rd, 4th, and 5th segments wider measured across the anterior rounded angles of the keels than across
the posterior angles; keels of 2nd and 3rd produced considerably backwards, of 4th less so, and of 5th
still less. In all the anterior angle is more strongly convex and rounded than the posterior angle, which,
however, is always bluntly rounded. The antero-lateral tooth becoming almost obsolete in the posterior
half of the body ; the anterior edge convex. Keels of the median segments much smaller than those of
the anterior, and slightly smaller than those of the 16th and 17th segments. Dorsal area smooth; an
obsolete transverse sulcus; upper side of keels swollen. ores looking outwards. Lateral surface of
segments smooth, only slightly wrinkled quite at the anterior end of the body. Sterna as wide behind
as in front, except on the 15th segment. Generative orifice in Q with raised margin.

Phallopod in $ with moderately large coxal segment and spiniform tracheal rod; 2nd segment with its
proximal portion hairy, especially externally, where the hairs form a longish tuft; the distal portion
smooth, stout, bent downwards at the apex; hollow below owing to the presence of a large down-bent
laminate outgrowth, the tip truncate with an outwardly-directed slender process, and another process
directed forwards and downwards. Fossa of phallopods transversely elliptical, wider than the sternal
area behind it, with evenly elevated margin. Sternal area of 5th, and especially of 6th, wide, hollowed.
Coxal segments of 1st legs with conical processes directed forwards and downwards in addition to the
two long, crossing seminal processes.

Length, 2, 29 millim., width 3.

29 fof 9 25 39 be] 2-8.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 8000 feet (//. ZZ. Smith).

2. Pararhachistes vertebratus, sp. n. (‘Tabv. XIII. figg. 6-6 e.)

Q. Closely resembling the preceding in size, colour, and form, but with the keels differently and much more
normally shaped, those of the first four segments only slightly tilted and much less strongly produced
posteriorly ; the anterior angles of the others less rounded, more rectangular; the posterior angle also
sharper. Margin of genital orifice much less elevated.

Length 30 millim., width about 3.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero 6000 feet (HZ. 7, Smith).

ACUTANGULUS.

Acutangulus, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixvii. p. 409 (1898) ; Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. xi. pp. 555,
559 (1903).

Body slender, shaped as in Stronyylosoma; all the keels very small, but with their posterior angle from the
4th backwards produced into a short but sharp spiniform process. Basal segment (coxa) of phallopods
large, without calcar ; second segment with conspicuous seminal fossa opening distally ; when at rest the
second segment bent at right angles to the basal and projecting forwards parallel to the ventral surface.
Sterna of 5th and 6th segments in ¢ with a process at the base of cach leg.

Type, A. coccineus, Humb. & Sauss.

Distribution. Mexico.

ACUTANGULUS.—NEOLEPTODESMUS. 179

The two described species, both unknown to me, may be separated as follows :—

a. Length 18 millim. Phallopod slender, curved, swollen at the base, ending in
three longish down-bent subequal processes woe eee en coccineus.
a’, Length 14 millim. Phallopod stouter, straighter, ending in three short processes,

of which only one is sharply bent downwards. . . . 2. . . 1... neglectus.

1. Acutangulus coccineus.

Polydesmus (Tropisoma) coccineus, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xxi. p. 152 (186)))*.

Polydesmus (Strongylesoma) coccineus, Sauss. & Humb. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 50, t. 1. fig. 12
(1872) ?.

Acutangulus coccineus, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixvii. p. 409 (1899)*; Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool.
xi. p. 560 (1903) *.

Colour red, whitish or pink when dried. Body smooth or lightly striolated, vermiform, of equal width
throughout. Head shining, with frontal suleus little marked. First tergal plate bordered, with straight
posterior border, laterally pointed and triangular. eels of 2nd and 3rd segments directed a little
backwards; the remaining keels small, forming a narrow ledge, their posterior angle lightly prolonged
and dentiform, tending to become effaced from about the 12th segment backwards; those of the 19th

almost absent. Pores just above the lateral edge, near the posterior end of the keels. Caudal process
of 20th segment triangularly truncated.

g. A little smaller, but with keels better developed. Phallopod slender; distal segment lightly arched,
expanded at the base, hairy along its lower edge, ending in three subequal, up-turned processes, a proximal
slender and pointed (seminal stile) and two distal a little longer and more sickle-shaped.

Length 18 millim., width 2.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (Sumichrast }~*),

9. Acutangulus neglectus.
Folydesmus (Strongylosoma) coccineus, var., Sauss. & Humb. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 51 (1872) '.
Acutangulus neglectus, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. xi. p. 560, t. 16. fig. 16 (19038) ”.

Smaller than the preceding, but similar in form. and principally distinguishable by the structure of the
phallopods, of which the distal segment is straighter, less swollen at the base, with the seminal fossa less
circumscribed, more open distally, and with the three terminal branches much shorter; the seminal
stile lies in the same direction as the main branch of the segment; the proximal of the two subsidiary
branches is abruptly curved downwards, lamellate and constricted at the base (seen in profile), and the
distal is short and somewhat toota-lke.

Length 13-14 millim., width ?

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (Sumichrast +).

‘This species was based upon some small examples mentioned by Humbert and
Saussure, and found by Carl amongst those described by the former authors as
Polydesmus (Strongylosoma) coccineus.

NEOLEPTODESMUS.
Neoleptodesmus, Carl, Kev. Suisse Zool. xi. p. 557 (1908) *.

Resembling Leptodesmus in form and general characters, but differing in the structure of the phallopods.
Antenne long and slender, Furst teryal plate as wide as the others, with rounded side-angles and

2a2

180 DIPLOPODA.

nearly horizontal keels. Acels of segments horizontal, with rounded anterior angle and with posterior
angle backwards to the 14th or 15th segment rounded, behind that point angular and lightly produced
posteriorly. Pores normal in number, the area round them more or less distinctly thickened. Dorsal
area flattish or vaulted, without transverse groove. Caudal process of anal segment conical ; anal sternal
plate triangular, with two small bristle-bearing tubercles. Sternal areas wider than long. Phallopods
without coxal calcar ; second segment long and strong, branched distally, bearing on the inner side a
wide distally open seminal fossa.

Type, WV. swmichrastt, Humb. & Sauss.

Distribution. Central America.

This genus, known to me only from figures and description, is nearly allied to
Acutangulus, and the two may be found to intergrade through such forms as
N. vermiformis and NV. orizabe, in which the structure of the phallopods is unknown.

The four species here referred to Neoleptodesmus seem to be separable by the
following features :—

a. Body attenuated in front, the 1st segment being narrower than the 8rd... . vermiformis.
a‘. Body as wide in front as in the middle, the 1st segment as wide as the succeeding
ones.
b. Pores not borne upon definite button-shaped or tuberculiform excrescences.
C. - Kecls very small and linear, with posterior angles rectangular . . . . orizabe.
. Keels comparatively large, with the anterior and posterior angles widely |
rounded; (phallopod nearly straight, its median branch bué little expanded
apically) 2 6 we ee ee ee we SuMIChrasti.
b'. Pores borne upon distinct tuberculiform excrescences; (phallopod arcuate,
its median branch much expanded at the distalend). . . . . . . 0.) aztecus.

1. Neoleptodesmus aztecus.

Polydesmus (Leptodesmus) aztecus, Sauss. Linn. Ent, xi. p. 324 (1859)'; Mém. Soc. Phys.
Genéve, xv. p. 801, t. 1. fig. 5 (1860) ’.

Polydesmus (Oxyurus) aztecus, Sauss. & Humb. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 160 (1872) °.

Colour whitish. Segments smooth and shining. Body cylindrical, slender, and elongate, the keels of the
mid-region of the body widely separated on each side. rst tergul plate as wide as those of the rest of
the body, with rounded angles and finely bordered. eels of segments 2 to 4 sloping and directed
slightly forwards; the following keels very short, almost as in Strongylosoma, rounded, bordered, and
ending laterally in small prominences bearing the pores ; on the 19th segment the keels are represented
by small backwardly-directed tooth-like processes. Caudal process of anal segment slightly down-bent
apically ; sternal plate triangular.

3. Keels larger, higher on the sides, and horizontal ; the pore-area more markedly tuberculiform. Phallopods
with distal segment lightly arcuate, the inferior edge convex and hairy, the upper concave and smooth,
ending in three processes—a median large, apically laminate and compressed, with sinuously rounded
edge, which carries the seminal duct, and a shorter one on each side, the inner of the two narrowed and
pointed, with two small teeth above, the outer more bluntly rounded, but with a short angular process

above.
Length, 9, 30 millim., width 5.
9» 6,45 5 » 2

Hab. Mexico *, plateau of Puebla, Peak of Orizaba, and Volcan de Tuxtla! ?.

NEOLEPTODESMUS. 181

The above-given characters have been taken from the descriptions published by
Saussure and Carl. Saussure refers to a large male example discovered on the Volcan
de Orizaba, and the discrepancy in size between the length of the male and female
measured suggests that the dimensions of the male were taken from this example.
The latter, however, was probably a representative of a species distinct from the
females if the measurement is correctly printed.

2. Neoleptodesmus sumichrasti.

Polydesmus (Oxyurus) sumichrasti, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xxi. p. 151 (1869)’;
Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 49, t. 1. fig. 8 (1872) *.

Polydesmus (Oxyurus) tatermedius, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xxi. p. 151 (1869)? ;
Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 49, t. 1. fig. 10 (1872) * (ex Carl).

Neoleptodesmus sumichrasti, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. xi. p. 558 (1903) °*.

Colour whitish. Very nearly allied to W. ortzabe, but with the dorsal surface flatter. eels tolerably wide,
transverse, with rounded angles, the posterior angle not obliquely cut away nor hollowed behind the
swelling carrying the pore, the thickening of the margin continued right round the edge, and not
exhibiting any button-shaped excrescence such as is seen in NV. aztecus; keels of 17th and 18th segments
with posterior angle prolonged behind; those of the 19th simply spiniform. Keels of the 1st tergal plate
very long antero-posteriorly, and rounded marginally. Caudal process of anal segment with edges less
sinuous than in NV. orzzabe, Sides of anterior segments rugulose, granular at the anterior end of the body.
Phallopods very like those of NV. aztecus, but with the distal segment much less arcuate, the median
branch lightly concavo-convex, much less dilated than in .V. aztecus, with the apex truncate and
emarginate, the inner of the two subsidiary branches with straight subserrate upper edge, the outer
simply pointed and not wide as in NV. aztecus.

Length 30 millim., width 3°6.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (Swmichrast 1°).

8, Neoleptodesmus orizabe.
Polydesmus (Oxyurus) orizube, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xxi. p. 151 (1859)';
Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 48, t. 1. figg. 11, 11 @ (1872) *.

Q. Closely resembling N. aztecus. Colour whitish. Body smooth, cylindrical, attenuated posteriorly, eels
very small and widely separated, arcuate in front and subangular behind; the caudal process of the
anal segment with its sides very markediy sinuous.

Length 35 millim., width 8 (? misprint for 3).

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba 1 2,

The generic position of this species is doubtful, the male characters being unknown.
According to Humbert and Saussure the female may be distinguished from that of
N. aztecus by the sinuous edges of the caudal process, by the posterior extremity of
the body being more attenuated, the entire body thinner, the back flatter, the keels
narrower, with the anterior segments more regularly vaulted owing to the keels being
more sloping.

It may be noted that although these authors state that the body is narrower in this

182 DIPLOPODA.

species than in WV. aztecus, the width is twice given as 8 millim. ‘This figure is in all

probability a misprint for 3, a measurement which, when compared with the length, is
quite in accord with the statement as to the slenderness of the body.

4, Neoleptodesmus vermiformis.

Polydesmus (Strongylosoma) vermiformis, Sauss. Linn, Ent. xi. p. 326 (182 05 *; Mém. Soc. Phys.
Genéve, xv. p. 298, t. 1. fig. 4 (1860) ?.

Colour white (probably brown when alive). Body smooth, shining, cylindrical. eels sloping, situated
about the middle of the sides or even lower, very small, linear; area round pores swollen; pores looking
laterally and placed in the posterior part of the swollen area. first tergal plate (judging by the figure)
considerably narrower than the 3rd. The cylindrical portion of the segments not retracted within the

keel-bearing portion, hence the keels are widely separated from each other on each side.
Length 40 millim., width about 7.

Hab. Mexico, Eastern Cordillera! ?.

The sexual characters of this species have not been examined. Its generic position,
therefore, is unknown. It may prove to belong to Acutangulus or perhaps to

Dirhabdophallus.

ACERATOPHALLUS.

Aceratophallus, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. x. p. 608 (1902); op. cit. xi. p. 554 (1903) ; Brélemann,
Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixxiv. p. 346 (1905).

Distinguishable from Leptodesmus by the structure of the phallopods, the basal segment (coxa) of which has
no calcar, while the distal segment shows no trace of a division and is extended axially in the same
straight line as the basal segment; hollowed and hairy basally on its inner surface, distally it ends in
two branches somewhat widely separated from each other. The seminal processes of the ¢ are elongate
and pointed. The keels overlap, are large, subaliform, longer than the area of the metazouite that bears
them, both anterior and posterior borders being produced. The anal sternal plate is triangular, with the
sides nearly straight, the tubercles not widely separated from each other and the margin between them
pointed, compressed, and subcristate. ‘ The sternal areas are wider than long, as wide behind as in front,
except on the last two leg-bearing segments, and show no signs of having the posterior border notched

or bidentate. The sixth segment of the leg is shorter than the third, but much longer than the fifth.
Type, A. unicolor, Carl.

Distribution. Central America (Costa Rica).

The two species of this genus here admitted are separable as follows :—

a. Principal branch at apex of phaliopod (seminal stile) strongly geniculate, with
entire button-shaped apex; secondary branch apically pointed .

a'. Principal branch at apex of phallopod (seminal stile) evenly and lightly curved,
with the tip deeply notched ; secondary branch blunt at apex

unicolor.
lumellifer.

i. Aceratophallus unicolor. (Tab. XIV. fig. 2.)

Aceratophallus unicolor, Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. x. p. 609, t. 2. figg. 35, 86 (1902) '; Brélemann,
Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Ixxiv. p. 345, t. 8. figg. 6, 7 (1905) *.

2. Colour nearly uniformly testaceous (? specimens recently moulted).

ACERATOPHALLUS.—-PAMMICROPHALLUS. 185

Head smooth above. Antenne moderately long, fifth and sixth segments noticeably longer than the second,
third, or fourth. Boy flat, parallel-sided, rapidly attenuated from the 17th segment backwards.
Keels large, broad and long, overlapping or almost overlapping each other, the anterior border produced
forwards and convex, the posterior border straight or lightly concave, a little produced and with a slight
basal shoulder; the lateral margins feebly and evenly thickened, those of the pore-bearing segments
a little more so than the others ; lateral border straight, with an anterior tooth; anterior angle rounded ;
posterior angle sharp, rectangular on the 4th to the 7th segments and becoming gradually more and
more produced ; that of the 17th and 18th very acute, subspiniform. The first tergal plate as wide as the
second, with evenly convex anterior lateral border, with strongly sinuous posterior border and acute angle ;
anterior border of second and third convex; posterior bordor lightly concave; posterior angle a little
acute on the second, less so on the third. Dorsal surface smooth in the middle, granular on the keels ;
no tubercles and no transverse suleus. Caudal process of anal segment narrowed, with truncate apex;
anal sternal plate with a median pointed process between the two setiferous tubercles. Sterna wider than
long ; posterior moieties of the last coxiform. Legs with third segment longer than the sixth, which
is much longer than the fifth ; the latter a little longer than the fourth.

Phallopods (according to Carl and Brolemann) comparatively long and strong, ending in two branches, the
principal branch or seminal stile geniculate and terminating in a spoon-shaped or button-shaped dila-
tation ; the other branch wide at the base and narrowed to a point apically. The main part of this
distal segment excavated on the inner side, the excavation hairy; some long hairs also extend along
the convex side of the segment up to the subsidiary branch and some tooth-like tubercles are visible
near the base of the latter.

Length, ¢, 30-33 millim., width 5-5 (according to Carl).
» » ol “5 » + ¢ ” Broélemann).
7 2, 37-89 _,, » oO ( ” am ).
0 yy OO "9 » 6 (specimen above described).

Hab. Costa Rica, San José! 2, La Uruca (Biolley).

The female above described came from La Uruca and belongs to Mr. Godman’s
collection. I am unable to separate it from the examples recorded by Carl and
Brélemann from San José; but, considering the difference of the locality, the determi-
nation must be regarded as doubtful.

2. Aceratophallus lamellifer.

Aceratophallus unicolor lamellifer, Brdlemann, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixxiv. p. 346, t. 8. figg. 1-5
(1905) *.

Although described as a variety of A. unicolor, this form appears to me to be worthy of specific distinction, on
account of the marked differences, mentioned above in the analytical key, presented by the phallopods.
Brélemann was unable to detect any certain differences between the females.

Length, 2, 31-34 millim., width 4°7-4°9.

29 3 ’ 33-35 ” ” 4-8-5.

Hab. Costa Rica, San José (Biolley +).

PAMMICROPHALLUS, gen. nov.

Allied to Aceratophallus, but with the keels not longer than the metazonites, neither their anterior nor
their posterior borders produced; hence the keels do not overlap each other in front and behind.
Anal sternal plate semioval, with the setiferous tubercles widely separated and the border between them
convex. Phallopods with coxal segment small, the tracheal rod very long and slender ; joint between
the coxa and the distal segment suture-like and apparently inflexible; the distal segment at most with

184 DIPLOPODA.

a very short auxiliary branch ; fossa of phallopods very small, its width barely one-fourth the diameter of
the prozonite, its posterior border remote from the coxx of the ambulatory legs of the seventh segment.
Type, P. ornatus.

_ Distribution. Mexico.

~The two forms here referred to Pammicrophallus, together with the single species
belonging to the genus described below as Zeuctodesmus, exhibit the extreme stage in
the degeneration of the phallopods exemplified by the Central-American species placed
by Carl in the Rhachodesmine. The first stage is the suppression of the coxal calcar
shown in Strongylodesmus, Rhachis, and others, in which the phallopod is otherwise
round, except for the presence of a pit or excavation on the inner side of the distal
segment. The second stage is shown in the typical form of Aceratophallus, in which
there is no definite pit on the phallopod, the two segments of which are axially in the
same straight line, though the phallopods remain normal as to size; the final stage
being reached in the two genera here described as new, in which the phallopods,
though in some respects like those of Aceratophallus, are greatly reduced with respect
to size, the socket that lodges them being comparatively diminished both in length
and breadth.

The males of the two species referred to the genus Pammicrophallus may be readily
distinguished as follows :—

a. Phallopod slender, ending distally in two slender processes, a longer and a shorter ;

the margin of the fossa raised in front as wellas behind. . . . . . . . .~ ornatus.
a’. Phallopod laterally bicarinate and expanded, its apex compressed and ending in a

simple point ; the margin of the fossa only raised behind . . . . . «© « . pictus.

1. Pammicrophallus ornatus, sp.n. (Tab. XIV. figg. 3-3 7.)

2. Colour (in alcohol) of fresh specimens variegated *, a median dorsal yellow spot usually visible, the keels
yellow, sometimes clouded in front, between the keels and the pale spot dark brownish or bluish ; head
and antennsx generally darker than the legs.

Head smooth, with frontal sulcus. Antenne short and hairy, moderately long, scarcely incrassate; second,
third, and sixth segments subequal and a little longer than the fourth and fifth. Body moderately robust
and wide, smooth and polished above. Keels well developed, but, except on the anterior segments, not

‘overlapping; almost horizontal, slightly uptilted posteriorly ; 1st tergal plate as wide as the 2nd,
evenly convex above, its keels being depressed with widely rounded anterior and nearly rectangular
posterior border; posterior angles of keels of 2nd and 3rd rounded, of 4th very slightly produced; from
the 5th to the 19th gradually more and more produced, but blunt, not sharp, the posterior border
lightiy concave; anterior border nearly straight, inclined gradually more and more backwards towards
the posterior end, but the backward inclination never strongly marked, the anterior angle always well
emphasised, rather larger than the angle of a square, with a small external tooth which is present on all
the keels from the 2nd backwards; margins of keels slightly thickened, but comparatively markedly so on
the area around the pores. Anal tergal plate triangular, but apically truncate; anal sternal plate triangular,
but with apex rounded. Sternal plates a little narrower behind than in front, their posterior border
concave, transversely sulcate laterally. Lateral surface of segments nearly smooth; no distinct crest
even on the anterior segments, above the base of the legs. Legs slender, in the mid-region of the body

oe * When dried or after many years’ immersion the pattern fades away entirely or almost so.

PAMMICROPHALLUS, —ZEUCTODESMUS. 185

the first segment less than half the length of the second, the latter about half the length of the third
(femur), the sixth (tarsus) shorter than the third, but longer than the fourth and fifth taken together.
Generative orifice moderately large with rim a ittle raised.

3. Shorter than the 2, but with the keels better developed and the legs thicker, the sterna and basal
segments of the legs more hairy; tarsi of legs of anterior segments somewhat thickly padded below
with short hairs. Coxe of the third pair with a forwardly directed tuberculiform tooth. Phallopods
very short, slender, and retracted within the fossa, attenuated and slightly hooked apically ; posteriorly
a little above the apex there arises a small tooth-like process which is sometimes represented by two
smaller teeth. Orifice of fossa small, irregularly elliptical transversely ; with the anterior and posterior
margins considerably raised, well separated from the sternal plate, bearing the ambulatory legs of the
seventh segment.

Length, 9, about 25 millim., width about 42.

” Sy 18 ” ” 9 4,

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 8000 feet (Z. H. Smith).

2. Pammicrophallus pictus, sp.n. (Tab. XIV. figg. 4-4 0.)

Resembling the preceding in colour, but with the antenne darker. Closely allied to the preceding also in
structure, but with the keels better developed and the margin less thickened, this difference being
especially noticeable on those that bear pores.

3. In general features resembling that of A. ornatus, but with the edge of the cavity of the phallopods
strongly elevated behind, not elevated in front; the distal segment of the phallopods very wide, owing to
the presence of a laminate crest on each side, the apex turned outwards and forwards, strongly compressed
aud ending in a point. No distinct processes on the coxe of the third leg.

Length, 9, about 23°5 millim., width about 4:5.

” oi ” 22 ” ” ” 4,

Hab. Muxico, Omilteme in Guerrero 8000 feet (HZ. H. Smith).

ZEVUCTODESMUS, gen. nov.

Antenne long, scarcely incrassate, second, third, and sixth segments subequal, fourth and fifth only a little
shorter. Body broad, somewhat resembling superficially that of the stout species of Fontarta or somewhat
Cryptodesmus-like. Keels large and depressed, overlapping, and, except just at the posterior end,
inclined slightly forwards, with the anterior border convex, the anterior angle widely rounded, the posterior
border lightly concave and the posterior angle acute, becoming gradually smaller and more and more acute
and spiniform from about the 16th to the 19th; lateral edges of the keels thin but slightly margined,
the margin thickened a little round the pores, which are normal in number and close to the edge and only
a little way in front of the posterior angle; the thickened margin continued round the anterior edge of
the keels. The posterior borders of the terga from the summit to the tips of the keels sinuous.
Sternal areas moderately wide and long, markedly narrower behind than in front, the posterior border of
each from the 5th to the 19th with a deep mesial notch, giving rise to a pair of stout, blunt, posteriorly
directed subspiniform processes; a somewhat similar but much smaller and less conspicuous process at
the base of the anterior pair; antero-posteriorly the two larger posterior processes become gradually
larger and are approximated quite at the hinder end. Anal sternal plate wide, with convex, scarcely
angular border and with the two setiferous tubercles a little removed from the edge. Anal tergal plate
gradually narrowed, with truncate apex. Legs moderately long, the third segment longer than the sixth,
which only exceeds by a little the fifth.

Q. Generative orifice of average size, with raised margin.

3. Phallopods minute, vertical, bisegmented, the basal segment (coxa) small, without spur and without
seminal fossa; the distal segment apparently united to the coxa by an immovable joint and incapable of
being flexed at right angles to it, terminating distally in two diverging branches, the subsidiary not

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., December 1909. 2B

186 DIPLOPODA.

forming a sheath for the principal branch or seminal stile; tracheal rods very leng, slender, and
cylindrical. Socket or cavity of phallopods small, irregularly, transversely elliptical.
Type, Z. cwruleus.

Distribution. Mexico.

In the shape of the anal sternal plate, the small size and structure of its phallopods,
and in the small size of the cavity into which they are partially at all events retractile,
this new genus shows marked resemblance to the two species described above as
Pammicrophallus ornatus and P. pictus. Generic differences between them subsist,
however, in the large size of the keels, which are depressed and overlap throughout
the Jength of the body, in the deeply angular and bitubercular posterior margins of
the sternal areas, and in the comparative shortness of the sixth segment and the
greater length of the fourth and fifth segments of the legs.

1. Zeuctodesmus ceruleus, sp.n. (Tab. XIV. figg. 5-57.)

Colour (in alcohol) a paler or darker Prussian-blue, with a yellow patch upon the upper side of the keels;
head and antenne blackish ; labrum, legs, and sterna ferruginous, the legs sometimes greenish.
Head smooth. Antenne shortly hairy. Dorsal surface smooth ; lateral surface of segments granular. Sterna
and legs thickly hairy. Phallopods with distal segment subcylindrical, terminating in two diverging
branches, an outer and an inner—the inner longer and stouter, directed obliquely forwards; the outer
thinner, more pointed, and projecting downwards ; the segment somewhat sharply angled at the base of
these two processes in front.
Length, 2, 27 millim., width 7-5.
” 3, 25 ” ” 7.

Hab. Muxico, Amula in Guerrero 6000 feet (H. H. Smith).

Subfam. XYSTODESMINA.
Aystodesmide, Cook, Ann. N. York Acad. Sci. ix. p. 5 (1895).

The only character known to me by which the genera referred by Cook to the family Xystodesmide can be
distinguished from the genera constituting the Chelodesmide of that author is the presence of a spine
projecting from the distal end of the second segment of the legs. It appears to me that no more than
subfamily rank should be accorded to this character.

The Central-American genera have characteristically formed biramous phallopods. The principal or seminal
branch lies in the same line as the long axis of the proximal portion of the femoro-tibial segment and is
much longer than the auxiliary or accessory branch. It is generally more or less curved, is hairy in its
proximal and smooth in its distal half, a longer sensory seta marking the origin of the smooth portion on
the inner side. The auxiliary branch rises not far from the base of the main portion of the segment on
its upper side and is directed forwards, or forwards and upwards. It varies in length and is not
uncommonly spiniform. On the inner aspect of the proximal portion of the segment there is a deep
groove, overhung below by bristles, which traverses the segment up to the concavity formed by the
point of origin of the two branches. In the posterior or proximal end of this groove the distal extremity
of the coxal calcar lies. The groove is the same as that found in the Rhachodesminz, in which, however,
the coxal calcar is absent.

The phallopod forcibly recalls that of some of the species of Spheriodesmus and suggests kinship between the
genera.

The name Xystodesmine is derived from Xystodesmus, a generic term proposed by Cook for the Japanese
species described by Peters as Fontaria martensit.

qe

STENODESMUS. , 187

The two Central-American genera of the group may be readily distinguished as
follows :—

a. Pores present only upon the fifth segment; the two branches of the phallopod

enormously long as compared with the palmar * portion, which is only about

half the length of the auxiliary branch . . . . 1... . SC. )0CSTENODESMUS.
a’. Pores normal in number; the two branches of the phallopod shorter, the

auxiliary branch usually much shorter, never longer than the palmar portion

ofthe segment . . . . . 2. ee ew ee wee ee ew |) CRE goDESMUS.

STENODESMUS.
Stenodesmus, Saussure, Linn. Ent. xii. p. 827 (1859); Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 539 (1860) ;

and of subsequent authors.

Related to Rhysodesmus apparently in all essential features, even in the form of the phallopod, but with the
pores absent from all the segments, with the exception of the fifth. According to Carl, the terminal
segment of the phallopod has a single superior auxiliary branch, which is long and slender and projects
parallel with the main or seminal branch, but falls considerably short of its apex; it rises close to its
base. The main or seminal branch is long, lightly curved, and hooked at the tip.

Distribution. Mexico.

1. Stenodesmus mexicanus.
Stenodesmus mexicanus, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 327 (1859)'; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv.
p. 589, t. 3. fig. 21 (1860) *; Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool. xi. p. 561, fig. 20 (1903) *.

Colour maroon-brown, with the edges of the keels, the legs, and the underside yellowish.

Head with frontal sulcus well marked. Lirst tergal plate with its anterior border slightly elevated and defined
by a shallow groove. Dorsal surface convex, the keels following approximately the slope of the median
portion ; sculpturing very distinct, consisting of longitudinal strie and scattered granules, the latter
disappearing upon the keels. eels of segments 2 to 4 with their posterior border directed obliquely
forwards; their posterior angles not spiniform; those from the 6th backwards with their posterior
border emarginate and posterior angle spiniform, the spiniform process much in evidence on segments 8
to 13 and becoming gradually less marked on segments 14 to 18, rounded on segment 19; the anterior
border on the 8th and following segments directed obliquely backwards; the anterior angle rounded ;
lateral border with linear thickening and very finely denticulated. Caudal process conical ; anal sternal
plate rounded, with median tubercle as well as the normal setiferous tubercles,

3 rather smaller than the 9, with the sculpturing coarser, the dorsal surface less convex, and the posterior
tooth of the keels less acute and produced.

Length, 2, 65 millim., width 12.

» 36,40 ,, » 10.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova !~°,

* I have used the term “palmar portion” in this key and the key of species of Rhysodesmus for the
proximal grooved portion of the distal segment of the phallopod, the length of this area being Judged from the
inner aspect of the segment,

188 DIPLOPODA.

RHYSODESMUS.
Fontaria, Humbert & Saussure, and of subsequent authors ; nec Funtaria, Gray, sensu stricto.
Rhysodesmus, Cook, Ann. N. York Acad. Sci. ix. p. 5 (1895).

Characters as above.
Type, Fontaria limax, Sauss.

Distribution. North and Central America; ?China and Japan.

Setting aside the species here described for the first time, all those referred in the
following pages to the genus Rhysodesmus were assigned by their describers to Mon-
taria. But this genus, as understood by Saussure and Humbert, Wood, Bollman, and
others, has of late years been split up into the following genera or subgenera :—

Fontaria, Gray, in Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, Insecta, 2, xv. p. 787, t. 135. fig. 1
(1832). Type, virginiensis, Drury, as interpreted by Gray.

Rhysodesmus, Cook, Ann. N. York Acad. Sci. ix. p. 5 (1895). Type, Fontaria
limax, Sauss.

Pachydesmus, Cook, Ann. N. York Acad. Sci. ix. p. 5 (1895). Type, Fontaria
crassicutis, Wood.

Eurymerodesmus, Brolemann, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xiii. p. 101 (1900). Type,
Fontaria hispidipes, Wood.

The type of the genus Fontaria is the species represented by the specimens in the
British Museum identified by Gray with Polydesmus virginiensis, Drury (Ins. Exot. i.
t. 43. fig. 8, 1770; Westwood’s ed. i. p. 96, t. 43. fig. 8, 1837). These specimens
differ from all the Central-American examples previously referred to Fontaria in
having the distal segments of the phallopod strongly arcuate, curved through three-
fourths of a circle, with the convexity inferior (or posterior), hairy all along its inner
edge, with the apex strongly expanded and without an auxiliary branch; the basal
segment rises up into a high shelf-like projection behind the base of the distal
segment. Moreover, the first segment of the legs, as well as the second, is spined ;
and the sterna from the tenth backwards are spined, the spines becoming progressively
stronger in the posterior half of the body. As specific characters may be mentioned
the coarsely coriaceous sculpturing of the dorsal surface and the equality in length
between the ultimate and penultimate segments of the legs.

thysodesmus has been characterized above. The phallopod has a longer or shorter,
slender auxiliary branch rising from its upper (anterior) side, the principal branch
being smooth and slender distally with a slightly bifid tip; the basal segment of the
legs is unspined.

Pachydesmus is essentially characterized by the structure of the phallopods, which
have two auxiliary branches—one moderately short, curved, and pointed, the other
long, as long as the main (or seminal) branch, and apically bifid. The type of the
genus is Montaria crassicutis, Wood (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1864, p. 7;

RHYSODESMUS. 189

Tr. Amer. Phil. Soc. xii. p. 224, fig. 55, 1865; also Brdlemann, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr.
xiii. p. 101, t. 7. figg. 28, 29, 1900), from the Mississippi. To this genus also belongs
apparently the species described by Attems as Fontaria laticollis, from Ilinois (Denk.
Akad. Wien, Ixvili. p. 258, t. 13. fig. 312, 1900).

Another name that has been introduced, viz. Eurymerodesmus, was proposed by
Brélemann for a subgenus of Fontaria; the type being the species he identified as
Fontaria hispidipes, Wood (see Brolemann, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. lxv. p. 67, and Mém.
Soc. Zool. Fr. xiii. p. 101, t. 6. fig. 32, 1900). This species is very nearly allied to the
type of Fontaria in the structure of its phallopods, but these organs have the coxe
unraised and the distal segments only lightly arcuate. Moreover, the first segment of
the legs is unspined. The type of Hurymerodesmus is the species represented by the
specimens regarded by Broélemann as /*. hispidipes, which may or may not be specifically
identical with Wood's examples.

In addition to the above-mentioned groups, one more genus, Aystodesmus, has been
proposed by Cook for the Japanese species described by Peters as Fontaria martensi.
This genus, however, does not here concern us; nor do other genera which will
probably be erected when a comprehensive survey is made of all the species referred to
Fontaria that have been described from the Chinese area and North America. It will
suffice here to tabulate the characters of the four North and Central American genera
above enumerated, in the event of one or more of them being discovered hereafter in
Central America in addition to Rhysodesmus :—

a. Phallopod without auxiliary branch; hairy to the apex.
b. Phallopod strongly arcuate, its coxal segment forming a shelf-like
lamina; legs with first segment spined . . . 2. . ee OL Fonraria. |
b'. Phallopod lightly arcuate ; first segment of legs unspined . . . . [ EurymeropeEsmvs. |
a‘. Phallopod with one or two auxiliary branches ; smooth distally.
c. Phallopod with two auxiliary branches—one short, pointed, and
curved, the other straight, as long as the main (seminal) branch,

and bifid apically . . 2. 2. ee ee ee ee ee ee) [PAcHydeEsus.]
c'. Phallopod with a single slender auxiliary branch rising on its upper
(anterior) surface. 2 2 1 ee ee ee ee ee ee.) 6Retysopesuus.

The genus Rhysodesmus is the dominant Polydesmoid of Central America. Some
species closely resemble superficially representatives of the genera akin to Leptodesmus,
but there is very considerable variation in size and shape, owing to specific differences
in the width and shape of the keels and the degree to which they overlap each other
in front and behind. As a very general rule in the genus, the keels approximately
follow the slope of the back, and when the segments are normally contracted overlap
each other so that they form a continuous shelf-like projection, with uninterrupted
edge, all along the body. These forms present a stout, compact, and slug-like

190 DIPLOPODA.

appearance, which suggested to Saussure the name “ /imax’’ for the typical species of
the genus. Yet, despite the variation in these and other respects, the general type
of phallopod remains constant in all the Central-American representatives ; and the
spine on the apex of the second segment of the leg is never wanting, though variable
in size.

With the material at my disposal I have found it impossible to write a monograph
of the members of this genus. ‘This could only have been done if specimens of all the
described species had been available for examination. The species themselves are
not difficult to distinguish, as a rule, by eye, but the differences between them are in
many cases extremely difficult to express intelligibly in writing; and I have found it
practically impossible to enumerate succinctly the distinguishing features of both sexes
of the species in a dichotomous analytical key.

The majority of those described by Saussure and Humbert I have been compelled
to omit from the table, because many of the characters I have found useful for
identification purposes are not mentioned in the descriptions published by those
authors. Notably have they omitted in nearly all cases to describe the structure of
the phallopods.

It is unfortunate that many species have been based upon specimens of a uniformly
pallid hue, which had either been decolorised by drying or by the action of alcohol, or,
having recently moulted, had not acquired their natural tints. For it does not seem
likely that any of the species are normally testaceous when adult in a state of nature.
The possibility of this being so, however, must be borne in mind. However that may
be, when a number of species are mixed together it is generally not difficult to sort
them out by colour alone; and if the colours had in all cases been known, the
characters they present would have been of the greatest use in drawing up a table of
distinguishing specific features. As a slight aid to the determination of the species I
have endeavoured to draw up a supplementary table based upon the pattern where
this has been preserved and has been recorded :—

a. Small, length about 20 mm.; keels with anterior border strongly raised, the
area behind it depressed ; lateral border of keels from about the 5th to the
15th wider anteriorly than posteriorly, so that the lateral border is inclined
obliquely inwards and backwards; posterior border thick, a little uptilted
and deeply notched at base; phallopod with main branch about as long as
palmar area, somewhat sharply incurved distally; auxiliary branch very
short, almost spiniform .

a usillus.
a’. Larger, length not less than about 27 mm.; keels not noticeably depressed ,
behind the anterior border, which is not markedly raised as compared with

the lateral border; lateral border not inclined obliquely inwards and back-

wards, the anterior angle of the keel not projecting more prominently than

the posterior angle.

RHYSODESMUS. 191

b. Sterna from 5th to 17th segments posteriorly markedly bidentate; pores
far forwards; body robust; keels depressed, their posterior angles
produced; prozonites pale, metazonites dark ; interzonal groove as under
section B . . we ee ee ee ew ee tabascensis.

b*. Sterna not remarkably bidentate, the posterior border straight, lightly
convex or lightly concave.

c. Ridge on anterior border of keels continued across the dorsum as a crest,
forming the anterior rim of the interzonal groove, this groove being
thus separated from the corresponding groove on the lateral surface of
the segments; lateral portion of first tergal plate narrow and acuminate,
dorsal surface granular, at least on the keels; body very or moderately
broad ; keels depressed with produced posterior angles; sterna wide
anteriorly ; pores anterior; prozonites pale; metazonites dark.

d. Body broad, about 12 mm. when the length is 47 mm.; posterior angle
of keels very slightly produced ; anal sternal plate almost semi-
circular, with the setiferous tubercles widely separated ; phallopod with
principal branch slightly shorter than palmar portion of the segment,
inclined inwards distally and upcurled at the point ; auxiliary branch
long, curved, somewhat blade-like, directed obliquely upwards basally
and about half as long as the palmar portion. . . . . . . « . stolld.

d'. Narrower, about 9 mm. with a length of 44 mm.; posterior angle of
keels more markedly produced; anal sternal plate triangular, the
setiferous tubercles more narrowly spaced. . . . . «© «© « « «+ champion.

c'. Ridge on anterior border of keels not continued across the dorsum and
separated from the anterior border of the groove between the prozonite
and metazonite which is continued entirely round the segment ; lateral
portion of first tergal plate broader, not markedly acuminate; upper
surface of keels rarely closely granular, though often with scattered
granules or small tubercles arranged in three rows; when closely
granular or coriaceous, the posterior angle is convex (e. gy. in
_R. totanacus).

e. Body nearly flat; keels high, wide, nearly horizontal ; form not compact,
but “ Leptodesmus”’-like; keels of second segment wider than median
dorsal area of metazonite; anterior border of keels extended well
beyond the convexity of the ridge when this is marked; antenne
and legs long, tarsi long and slender; sterna not wider in front than
behind ; prozonites and metazonites uniformly brown; keels yellow.

f. Larger, length about 48 mm. ; anterior crest of keels with marked
convex curve near base; phallopod with its principal branch a little
longer than the palmar portion, its distal smooth extremity very
broad at base, abruptly narrowed and curved inwards, then forwards
and a little outwards, the extremity is thus hook-like and externally
geniculate, but the apex is not upeurled; the auxiliary branch very
long, a little shorter than the palmar portion and directed forwards
nearly parallel with the main branch . . we ee ee + + godmani.

192 DIPLOPODA.

f'. Smaller, length about 33 mm.; anterior crest of keels almost straight;
phallopod short, with its principal branch barely as long as the palmar
portion, its distal portion gradually incurved and a little upcurled
apically; auxiliary branch quite short and directed obliquely upwards.

e'. Body more convex and compact, the keels being narrowed, more sloped
and less widely extended, the anterier border never widely extended
beyond the convex curve of the anterior crest; legs and antenne
shorter.

g. Posterior border of most of the keels very strongly convex at the
base and inclining forwards and outwards at least from the 5th to
the 10th segments, with the posterior angle obtuse; sterna strongly
emarginate, wider in front than behind; phallopod with hairy
portion of distal segment conical when viewed from below ; the
principal branch longer than the palmar portion, slightly sinuous
both from the inferior and lateral aspects, a little upcurled apically ;
auxiliary branch half the length of the palmar portion, slender
and directed nearly straight forwards . . . . . .

g'. Posterior border of keels nearly straight or convex throughout or at
the base, but at most only a little inclined forwards, and then the
posterior angle is directed siightly backwards and is not obtuse;
sterna rarely markedly emarginate.

h. Distal segment of phallopod loug, attenuated; the principal branch
about as long as the palmar portion, but straight and not incurved
at the extremity, although upcurled at the tip; auxiliary branch
short, with slight upward inclination, about one-third the length
of the palmar portion, its apex falling considerably short of the
commencement of the smooth terminal portion of the principal
branch; prozonites pale, metazonites brown; body compact,
stout; keels sloping, with anterior ridge straight, posterior
border lightly sinuous and the angle slightly produced ; sterna
not emarginate . . 2. 6. 1 ee eee ee ee

h’. Principal branch of phallopod either abruptly or gradually incurved,
arcuate or sinuous; auxiliary branch longer, its apex in no case
much behind the point where on the principal branch the hairs
cease and the smooth part begins; anterior crest on keels sinuous,
the curvature often sigmoid ; prozonites brown, at least
posteriorly, and the same colour as the adjacent area of the
metazonites, the latter being usually brown in front, sometimes
brown all over (? in Ft. montezume).

i. Keels quite small, low, and sloping, with the posterior border
strongly convex and defined by a pronounced basal noteh ;
posterior angle obtuse, rounded, not pointed even on the 18th
segment; lateral edge strongly thickened, with the pore lying
far back; phallopod with the principal branch turned inwards,
then forwards, sinuous in profile, and upturned apically, a little

salvini.

totanacus.

attemsi.

RHYSODESMUS. 193

longer than the palmar aspect of the segment; auxiliary

branch about half its length and rising obliquely upwards,

then forwards . 2. 1. 1. 1 ew ee ew eee montezume.

2. Keels with the posterior border lightly convex and the posterior

angle squared or even a little produced, the angles rarely

rounded and blunt (smithi, 9), and then the posterior border

is nearly straight with very shallow basal notch.

k, Principal branch of phallopod viewed from the side showing
scarcely any upward curvature, when viewed from below the
smooth portion is seen to bend somewhat abruptly inwards
and then forwards; principal branch about as long as the
palmar portion ; auxiliary branch about half as long as the
palmar portion, directed slightly upwards, then curved down-
wards and forwards, inter-ramal space semioval; generally
conspicuously banded yellow and brown, posterior half of
metazonite yellow: female robust; male moderately slender;
posterior border of keels slightly convex, posterior angle
squared or a little produced on median segments . . . . inustus.

k’, Principal branch of phallopod when viewed from the side
showing apical upward curvature, when viewed from below
the inward bend not abrupt or subgeniculate, but evenly
convex or obtusely angular.

/. When viewed from within the palmar portion of the distal
segment of the phallopod is seen to be much longer than
the auxiliary branch and only a little, if at all, shorter
than the entire main branch, which is more abruptly
incurved.

m. Principal branch strongly arcuate seen from the side;
auxiliary branch very thin, about one-third the length
of the palmar portion, which, if anything, exceeds the
length of the main branch; colour as in R. inustus, but
form more robust . . . 2... 2 ee we ee) flavocinetus.

m*‘. Principal branch lightly arcuate when seen from the
side, and a little longer than the palmar portion ;
auxiliary branch stouter; proportions as in R. inustus,
but the yellow on the posterior portion of the meta-
zonites mostly restricted to a median patch. . . . . notostictus.

/’, When viewed from within the palmar area of the phallopod
is seen to be short, much shorter, indeed, than the main
branch and not much, if at all, longer than the auxiliary
branch, the principal branch more evenly curved.

n. Auxiliary branch broad, blade-like, somewhat suddenly
narrowed at the apex; principal branch long, evenly
attenuated and curved; size larger, 2 when contracted
about 40 mm. in length; keels larger, anterior crest

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., December 1909. 2¢

194 DIPLOPODA.

with its bend nearer to the base than to the obtusely

convex anterior angle of the keel ; lateral edge straighter,

posterior angle squarer and sharper; posterior border

more sinuous and more convex at the base; meta-

zonites brown throughout, not or scarcely yellow

posteriorly . 2. 2. 1... 6 ew ee ew ee ee rcuatus.
n', Auxiliary branch narrow, gradually attenuated, principal

branch more sinuous; smaller,contracted ? about 32 mm.

in length ; keels smaller; anterior crest straighter, its

bend continuous with and close to the rounded anterior

angle; lateral edge more convex, posterior angles

blunter, posterior border less sinuous, less markedly

convex internally at base; colour doubtful. . . . . smithi.

In the following table an attempt has been made to separate and affiliate the species
by colour. In the case of the species which I have had no opportunity of examining,
the information as to their pattern has been taken from authors’ descriptions.

The following species based upon pallid individuals have been excluded :—
simillimus, zapotecus, otomitus, consobrinus, and vicinus.

a. Longitudinally banded; dorsal area yellow or reddish, with a longitudinal band
on each side formed by a dark brown or blackish patch on each side of the
metazonite of each segment and continuous with the corresponding patch
before and behind; prozonites mostly pale above.
b. Prozonites with a narrow median dark longitudinal streak . . . . . . = acolhuus.
6, Prozonites without a median streak. . 2. 2. 1. 1 1 6 ew we ee. mystecus.
a'. Not longitudinally banded, when there is a lateral dark patch upon the meta-
zonite it is restricted to its anterior part.
6. Transversely banded, with the posterior area of the metazonites blackish and
the anterior area pale ; the prozonites also pale; first tergal plate black ;
antenne also blackish . . . . 1. 1 ef ww ew ee ew ee BeNdalus, ? also smithi.
b'. Otherwise coloured ; metazonites either pale with dark anterior streak and
large dark spot on each side, or uniformly brown above or brown with
pale narrow anterior and posterior rim ; when distinctly transversely banded
the posterior area is yellowish and the anterior area dark brown, the brown
apparently invading, at least in most cases, the posterior area of the
prozonite ; at least the keels of the first tergal plate yellow.
c. Brown of the median area of the metazonites forming a distinct longi-
tudinal band not much wider than the yellow of the keels and not
encroaching upon them anteriorly ; prozonites apparently pale; a median
dark patch on the first tergal plate; antenne pale. . . . . . . . tepanecus.
c'. Brown area of metazonites, when present, broader, generally very much
broader than the yellow of the keels and encroaching more or less upon
their anterior portions ; when, as in R. godmani, the yellow of the keels

RHYSODESMUS. 195

is more in evidence the prozonites are posteriorly brown and almost as
dark as the metazonites.
d. Metazonites pale, with a narrow dark transverse anterior streak
expanding laterally into a conspicuous dark spot close to the anterior
base of the keel; prozonites pale; first tergal plate with dark patch
almest divided; head and antenne dark . . . . . totanacus.
d'. When the pattern approaches that of R. totanacus the prozonites at
least are brown.
e. Prozonites pale and sharply contrasted with the dark hue of the

metazonites . . . . . . attemsi, tabascensis, ? lima, ? stolli, ? championi.
. Prozonites dark and gradually shading into the dark hue of the
metazonites.

f. Distinctly transversely banded, the posterior portion of the meta-
zonites yellow from keel to keel, the dark patch on the first
tergal plate bounded behind by yellow; anterior area of meta-
zonites with a thickish transverse brown stripe expanding close
to the base of the keel into a larger patch. . . . inustus, flavocinctus, nahuus.
f'. Not distinctly banded transversely, the metazonites either
uniformly brown or a little paler behind, sometimes with a pale
median patch, which, however, does not reach the yellow of the
keels; dark patch on first tergal plate continued to its posterior
border or only indistinctly and partially separated therefrom . . salvini, godmani,
arcuatus, notostictus, ? toltecus, ? montezume, ? fraternus, ? violaceus, ? angelus.

1. Rhysodesmus montezume. (Tab. XIV. figg. 6, 6a; XV. fig. 8.)
Polydesmus (Fontaria) montezume, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 821 (1859)'; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve,
xv. p. 308, t. 2. fig. 9 (1860) *.
Nec Fontaria montezume, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, lxviii. p. 258 (1900) *.

Colour (in alcohol) a tolerably uniform pale olive-green, with the antenne and the distal segments of the legs
ochre-yellow.

Body slender and Leptodesmus-like, with keels small, not overlapping.

Head with frontal sulcus ; antenna short; width of head equal to length of segments 1 to 5. First tergal
plate with anterior border evenly convex; lateral angle rounded; posterior border laterally inclined
forwards ; keels of 2nd and 3rd with posterior border also directed obliquely forwards, with the
posterior angle obtuse, and the anterior angle widely rounded. Dorsal area nearly smooth, only finely
sculptured; the sulcus lineolate; three indistinct rows of granules. eels small, markedly wider
posteriorly than anteriorly ; the anterior border very short, passing abruptly into the lateral border, the
angle being very obtuse and rounded; the lateral margin considerably thickened ; the posterior border
produced, convex, separated by a distinct notch from the posterior border of the median portion ; posterior
angle rounded, never spiniform, surpassing the posterior bordor of the median portion only on segments
16 to 19. The keels even in the male rising low on the sides, but in this sex not following the slope of
the back. Pores on the posterior half of the lateral surface, near its middle on the 5th keel, which has
its posterior border inclined forwards slightly. Caudal process triangular, truncated; anal sternal
plate subtriangular, an anguliform process between the setiferous tubercles. Sternal areas laterally
notched; posterior border lightly emarginate ; indistinctly longitudinally sulcate. Legs only moderately
long, thickish, spine strong, terminal segment about twice as long as the penultimate. Phallopods
when viewed from below with distinct sinuous curve distally, the points projecting straight forwards, not

2c2

196 DIPLOPODA.

crossing; when viewed from the side the principal (seminal) branch shows a slight upward curvature,
separated from the auxiliary branch by a wide suboval space, the branch short, slender, inclined obiiquely

upwards, then forwards.
Length of ¢ 36 millim., width 7°5; length of antenna 6°5 millim.
Hab. Muxico, temperate regions of the plateau at localities ranging from 1000 to
8000 feet in altitude—Mirador, Cordova, and the plateau of Anahuac round Puebla

and Chalchicomula (Saussure !?), Peak of Orizaba (Mus. Brit.).

The specimen above described as &. montezume is one from the Volcan de Orizaba
in the British Museum. Apart from its decolorization, it agrees very well with
Saussure’s figures and description of that species.

According to him, the normal colour is chocolate-brown, with the anterior border of
the first tergal plate and at least the angle of the keels of the rest, and sometimes the
posterior border of the median area of the segments, red or yellow ; the lower side of
the body is also yellowish or reddish, like the two dorsal segments of the legs. In size
Saussure’s specimens varied from 37 to 42 millim. in length and from 8 to 9 in width.

The specimen ticketed ‘‘ North America” (Senckenberg Museum), and described by
Attems as Fontaria montezume, differs from all the Central-American species of the
genus Rhysodesmus that I have seen in having a small spine upon the basal segment
of the legs. What this species may be I do not know; but it is certainly different in
the character mentioned from the example I have identified as &. montezume. In all
probability it did not come from Central America.

2. Rhysodesmus totanacus, (Tab. XIV. figg. 8, 8a.)
Polydesmus (Fontaria) totanacus, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 821 (¢) (1859)'; Mém. Soc. Phys.
Genéve, xv. p. 322, t. 2. fig. 14 (1860) °*.

3. Colour (in alcohol) greyish-olive above, the keels a little paler, a large dark spot close to the base of each
keel in front, the two connected by a dark stripe running transversely along the groove between the
zonites ; a corresponding recurved mark upon the first tergal plate ; prozonites dorsally pale, laterally
darker; head and antenne brown, the antenne distally infuscate; sterna and legs pale. Antenne
about as long as the width of the first tergal plate, shorter than that of the second and succeeding
segments back to the 17th; segments 2 to 5 equal to width of head. First tergal plate narrower than
2nd; its anterior border not quite evenly convex; its lateral third on each side obliquely cut away,
the lateral angle subacute, posterior angle of 2nd and 38rd rounded; metazonite of 2nd not
markedly shorter than the keel. Aceels of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th lightly depressed, of. the following
segments becoming gradually more and more horizontal, though upraised posteriorly ; those of the 18th
the most nearly horizontal of the series. Dorsal surface convex, very lightly coriaceous, becoming more
coarsely so towards the base of the keels, which are wrinkled above and subgranular ; the groove well
marked and striate, not continuous with the groove defining the anterior edge of the keels; this edge
convex, the groove markedly sinuous, with the forward curvature some distance from the angle which is
convex ; the lateral margin of the keel nearly evenly thickened throughout its length; the pores situated
well forwards—in front of the middle of the metazonites on the anterior and middle segments, in a line
with the posterior border on the 18th; posterior angle of keels not produced; from the 4th to about
the 9th obtuse, from the 11th to the 16th subrectangular, from the 17th to the 19th produced but
rounded, those of the 19th well developed and projecting well beyond those of the 18th; posterior border
of the keels markedly convex, strongly so close to the metazonite, and from the 4th to the 10th

RHYSODESMUS. 197

directed obliquely forwards; from the 11th to the 16th becoming gradually more in line with the
posterior border of the segments, and from the 17th directed obliquely backwards. Anal sternal plate
triangular, Sternal areas wider in front than behind; rather deeply notched and sulcate laterally ; not
flat in front; posteriorly emarginate, almost bitubercular. Legs with spine strong; terminal segment
moderately long, but barely twice as long as the penultimate. Phallopod with its smooth terminal
portion inclined slightly inwards when viewed from below ; lightly sinuous from its lateral aspect, with
the tip turned upwards ; the auxiliary branch directed obliquely forwards and upwards.
Length of ¢ about 40 millim., width 9; length of antenne 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, the plateau of Anahuac and the mountains rising from the plateau
(Saussure }?), Peak of Orizaba (Mus. Brit.).

I do not think there is any reason to doubt the correctness of my identification of
the specimen in the British Museum which I have described as R. totanacus. It
agrees very closely with Saussure’s description and figure of that species, the colour
especially being exactly the same.

3. Rhysodesmus pusillus, sp. n. (Tab. XIV. figg. 7, 7a; XV. fig. 9.)

3. Colour (in specimen available) uniformly brown or testaceous. F%rst tergal plate with anterior border nearly
straight, transverse in the middle; at the sides obliquely cut away, not forming a continuous curve 3
posterior border laterally oblique, meeting the anterior in a blunt acute angle. Dorsal surface smooth?
with a few granules laterally, convex. eels rising about the middle of the side, depressed, with their
anterior and lateral margins somewhat strongly raised, especially round the anterior angle, which is
strongly rounded and salient (rather more prominent, that is to say, than the posterior angle), so that the
lateral border is inclined slightly inwards from before backwards; the ridge defining the anterior border
without any abrupt forward curvature, straight from the base of the keel to the curve of the anterior
angle ; posterior border of keel straight, inclined slightly forwards at the anterior extremity of the body,
transverse in the central portion and backwards from about the 17th segment ; somewhat thickened and
uptilted and defined by a notch from the posterior border of the median portion of the segment; a wide
groove passing in front of the keel defining the prozonite from the metazonite. Pores on anterior and
median segments nearly in the middle of the lateral border. Sterna longer than wide; transversely
sulcate, laterally notched and mesially depressed in their posterior half; posterior border straight or
lightly emarginate. Legs thickened, terminal segment much longer than the penultimate and armed
with a long stout claw; spine of second segment short on the anterior and median segments of the body.
Phallopod with distal segment short, thickly hairy internally ; the terminal ramus, when viewed from
below, projecting straight forwards and sharply incurved at the tip; when viewed from the side the tip
is seen to be slightly downcurved as well; accessory branch very short, slender, and hooked.

Length about 20 millim, width about 4.

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Brit.).

In size this form shows resemblance to &. vicinus, Sauss.; but, on the evidence
supplied by Saussure’s description of that species, it is impossible to affiliate the two.
According to that author, 2. vicinus is very closely allied to R. otomitus, the figure of
which gives a good idea of the form of R&. vicinus. If that be so, f. pusillus differs
essentially from £. vicinus in the form of its keels, for the figure of &. otomitus does
not show the obtuseness of the posterior angle of the keels, the prominence of the
anterior angle, the obliquity of the lateral margin, and the sloping character of the
keels so noticeable in &. pusillus.

198 DIPLOPODA.

4. Rhysodesmus stolli, sp.n. (Tab. XV. figg. 3, 3.)

3. Colour (? decolorised) olive-grey with the keels and caudal process yellower than the metazonites; the
metazonites above brownish, especially in their posterior half; prozonites pale; first tergal plate with
median brown central patch; antenne yellow ; legs yellow, with two basal segments darker and rather
sharply contrasted in tint with the sternal areas, which are whitish grey. Body robust, attenuated
anteriorly from the 5th segment and posteriorly from the 17th, with the keels normally overlapping and
depressed, but well developed. Antenne short, width of head equal to length of segments 2 to 5 inclusive ;
segments 2 to 6 subequal in length. First tergal plate with anterior border only very lightly convex
mesially, obliquely cut away laterally, lateral angle bluntly acute, posterior border lightly sinuous.
Dorsal surface of body nearly smooth, only finely coriaceous in the middle; but becoming much more
coarsely so on the lateral slope and on the upper side of the keels, which do not quite follow the slope of
the metazonites, with two to three rows of obsolete granules and coriaceous in the shallow depression
just behind the anterior ridge, which is laterally continuous with the ridge or crest of the anterior
border of the keels. Keels with anterior border convex, and rounded anterior angle; the lateral marginal
thickening well developed ; posterior border very lightly concave, slightly prominent at shoulder and notched
at the base; with the posterior angle a little produced, but becoming gradually more so in the hinder
half of the body ; the posterior border inclined obliquely backwards from about the 15th; keels of 19th
small, apically rounded, only surpassing by a little those of the 18th. Pores in the anterior half of the
keel, except at the posterior end of the body, but never near the apex. Caudal process triangular with
truncate apex; anal sternal plate semicircular, with setiferous tubercles wide apart. Sternal areas
considerably wider in front than behind; mesially depressed, with mesially abbreviated transverse
sulcus, which is deep only between the two legs on each side, its posterior border produced a little on
each side beyond the coxal cavity, lightly emarginate but becoming more pronouncedly so and in some
cases bitubercular in the posterior half of the body, especially on the 17th segment. The ridge between
the two zonites curving backwards in front of the base of the keel to meet at an acute angle, the dorsal
ridge passing inwards from the anterior edge of the keel. Legs short, with spine of second segment
well developed, about as long as the claw ; terminal segment short, shorter than the third and not much
longer than the fourth segment. Phallopods shortish, nearly in contact, crossing at the tip of the
seminal stile, which is pointed when viewed from below, triangularly expanded from the side and lightly
upeurled ; auxiliary branch directed obliquely forwards and upwards, turned forwards at the tip and
rising from about the middle of the upper side of the organ.

Length (¢, @ undistended) about 47 millim., width 12; length of antenne 7 millim.

Hab. N.W. Guatemaua, Retalhuleu (StolZ).

5. Rhysodesmus tabascensis, sp. n. (Tab. XV. figg. 2, 2a.)

2. Closely allied to the preceding species in colour and structural characters, but with the anterior border
of the keels more obliquely cut away externally, so that the anterior angle is more obtuse and less rounded
and the posterior borders of the sternal areas are much more strongly bidentate.

Length about 42 millim., width 11.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

6. Rhysodesmus championi, sp. n.

2. Colour as in R. stolli. Antenne short, width of head about equal to segments 2 to 6 inclusive.

Allied to the two preceding species (R. stolli and R. tabascensis), but thinner, the anterior ridge of
the keels less convexly produced, though the nature of the curvature more resembles that of R. stolli
than that of R. tabascensis; the posterior angles from the 5th segment backwards produced, more
so than in either of these forms; the keels of the 19th far surpassing those of the 18th, and the
anal sternal plate markedly more triangular, its sides being nearly straight and the area between

RHYSODESMUS., 199

the tubercles angled. Sternal plates only lightly emarginate, more strongly so posteriorly, like those
of R. stolla.
Length, 2, 42 millim., width 9; length of antenne 6 millim.

Hab. Guatemaa, Zapote, Pacific slope (Champion).

7. Rhysodesmus flavocinctus, sp.n. (Tab. XV. figg. 6, 6a.)

3. Colour: transversely banded with brown and yellow, the anterior half of the dorsal area of the meta-
zonites and the prozonites being dark brown, the posterior half of the metazonites yellow-brown and
rather darker than the keels and caudal processes, which are pale yellow; first tergal plate brownish
only in the middle ; head brown above, paler below ; antenne brownish yellow; legs yellowish, a little
darker than the sternal areas.

Antenne short ; head equal to segments 2-4+ half of 5 ( ¢) or to 2-5+half of 6 (92).

Body robust. Keels well developed, depressed, and almost following the slope of the dorsal area of the
metazonites; those of the segments 1 to + much less narrowed laterally than in the three preceding
species, the antero-lateral border of the lst being evenly convex, the anterior angle of the 2nd and
3rd more rectangularly and less obtusely rounded; the anterior border of the succeeding keels more
strongly produced, the greatest convexity of the crest being close to the anterior angle, which is rounded,
the posterior angle scarcely produced ; the posterior border very lightly convex or nearly straight, lateral
border evenly thickened, not abruptly thickened in front of the pore as in R. stolli, Pores not so far
forwards as in RA. stolli and R. tabascensis, not in front of the middle of the keel, and lying well in
the posterior half in the posterior portion of the body. Keels of J9th segment small, sometimes
surpassed by those of the 18th. Dorsal surface smooth, with a few small tubercles near the base
of the keels. Anal sternal plate with a small median dentiform process between the tubercles. Sternal
areas and legs practically as in A. stol. Ridge between the zonites continued right round, taking an
abrupt bend in front of the base of the keel, but not quite continuous with the ridge along the anterior
border of the keels.

Phallopods stout, with their distal extremity geniculate, turned obliquely inwards and forwards and upwards ;
the auxiliary branch rising just behind the middle of the upper (adoral) aspect of the organ and directed
obliquely forwards and upwards with a sinuous curve.

Length, ¢, about 28 millim., width 7; length of antenne 6 millim.

= », » sl, » 8; ” ” 5) ”

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero 6000 feet (7. H. Smith).

8. Rhysodesmus godmani, sp.n. (Tab. XV. figg. 4-4 d.)

Colour chocolate-brown ; keels brown, except their anterior portion, which is clouded with brown; head
brown ; antennz brown and darker than the legs, which, like the ventral surface, are pale yellowish ;
dorsal area of prozonites as dark as the adjoining area of the metazonite and darker than their ventral
portion.

Head with frontal sulcus ending inferiorly in a distinct depression. Antenne long, in male about equal to the
width of the body across the keels, with segments 2+3+44 equalling width of head; in female rather
shorter. first tergal plate with an anterior transverse depression, rather widely rounded lateral border,
with the posterior angle slightly obtuse; posterior border sinuous, mesially emarginate, very lightly
curved laterally. Body not compact, but like that of typical members of the Chelodesmine. eels
separated, large, and nearly horizontal; their anterior border rather strongly curved at the base;
anterior angle widely convex; posterior border nearly straight, but shouldered at the base and
defined by a distinct notch ; their posterior angle rectangular, becoming gradually more and more acute
(but never sharp or spiniform) from the 15th to the 18th; those of the 19th blunt; a few tubercles on
their upper side. Metazonites very finely striolate, separated in front from the prozonite by a decided
groove, bordered in front by the ridge which passes in front of the keel without any marked alteration
of direction : thus the metazonites and prozonites do not form a continuous surface. Anal sternal plate
with an angular process between the setiferous tubercles. Sterna moderately high, not flat in front ;

200° | DIPLOPODA.

their posterior border lightly convex or straight, only mesially notched on the 17th and 18th segments.
Legs longish and slender, the terminal segment much longer than the penultimate.

Phallopods long, their distal end, viewed from below, forming a strong sigmoid curvature turning abruptly
inwards, then forwards and outwards, the extremity not bent upwards; the auxiliary branch rising
rather far back and projecting more forwards and closer to the main branch than is usual.

Length, 9, 47 millim., width 9; length of antenne 9 millim.

” 3: 36 ” ” 73 ” ” 8 ”

ITab. Mexico, Omilteme and Amula in Guerrero 6000-8000 feet (H. H. Smith).

9. Rhysodesmus salvini, sp.n. (Tab. XV. figg. 5, 5a.)

Allied to &. godmani in all general structural features, with the legs and antenne long, the keels high and
nearly horizontal ; a marked groove between the prozonites and metazonites, but differing principally in
the following characters :—Size much smaller; colour darker brown. The anterior borders of the eels
are straight and not markedly produced and convex at the base; the tubercles are more in evidence upon
the dorsal surface. Phallopods very different from those of &. godmani; short, thick, slightly incurved
and upeurved apically, with the auxiliary process short, rising near the middle of the upper surface and
projecting obliquely upwards, then forwards at the tip. ,

Length, ¢, 32 millim., width 6; length of antenne 6°5 millim.

» 3, 30 ” » 99; ” ” 6 ”

Hab. Muxtco, Omilteme in Guerrero 8000 feet (1. H. Smith).

10. Rhysodesmus attemsi, sp.n. (Tab. XV. figg. 7-7 0.)

Colour (in alcohol) deep brown or rich reddish-brown above, with the keels yellow and the prozonites testa-
ceous; head brown, paler below, with the antennez yellowish-brown; legs and sternal areas uniformly
yellowish.

Antenne shortish, segments 2-5 in 9, and 2-4-half of 5 in d, equal to width of head. Body convex above ;
keels following slope of the back in female, more raised in male; smooth, with a few faintly defined
tubercles laterally. First tergal plate longer than in R. flavocinctus, the antero-lateral border oblique, the
angle much less rounded, subacute, the marginal thickening not curved. Dorsal surface without transverse
depression between the metazonites and prozonites; the ridge not continuous with the ridge of the anterior
border of the keel, but, owing to its strong backward bend in front of the keel, almost in the same
transverse line with it. Anterior margin of keels nearly straight, turned slightly forwards in female and
more strongly so in the male where it passes into the convex anterior angle; posterior border of keels
lightly sinuous, a little convex and produced at the base, a little concave externally, becoming gradually
more and more produced from about the 15th to the 18th, the 17th and the 18th being subspiniform,
and the 19th dentiform and rounded. Pores not in front of the middle of the sides, on the 5th about
in the middle, becoming gradually nearer the point of the keel posteriorly. Caudal process truncated
triangular; anal sternal plate with median dentiform tubercle between the setiferous tubercles, which are
close to it. Sterna much broader in front than behind, with posterior border slightly or, at the posterior
end, more strongly sinuous, mesially depressed; anterior area a little raised or sloping gradually away.
Legs with spines weak in the anterior, strong in the posterior half of the body; terminal segment
longer than in R. flavocinctus, but shorter than the sum of the two preceding segments, although almost as
long at the posterior end of the body.

Phallopods when viewed from below acuminate, lightly inclined inwards distally ; when viewed from the side
the main branch is straight and upbent only quite at the tip; the auxiliary branch is short and slightly
inclined upwards and forwards, curved at the tip.

Length, 9, 35 millim., width 9; length of antenne 6 millim.

” 3 ) 28 99 ” 7; 9 ” 6 ”

Hab. Mexico, Amula and Omilteme in Guerrero 6000-8000 feet (H. H. Smith).

RHYSODESMUS. . 201

11. Rhysodesmus smithi, sp. n. (Tab. XV. figg. 12, 12 a.)

2. Colour doubtful, probably with the metazonites and prozonites brown, the keels certainly mostly yellow ;
first tergal plate apparently all brown, except the keels; head brown; antennz yellowish-brown, darker
apically ; legs pale yellowish. .

Antenne short; width of head about equal to length of segments 2-5.

First tergal plate nearly semilunar in shape, the lateral portion of the anterior border only slightly oblique ;
lateral portions of posterior border also only slightly oblique. Body smooth, shining, convex, with scarcely
if any trace of tubercles on the keels. eels small and depressed, not or hardly overlapping when the
segments are contracted ; ridge of the anterior border produced, if at all, at the anterior angle, which on
the segments in the middle of the body is rectangularly rounded; lateral margin lightly rounded ;
posterior border nearly straight, scarcely produced, inclined backwards from about the 15th segment;
posterior angle blunt, nearly rectangular, only a little produced on the 17th and 18th segments;
marginal thickening somewhat lozenge-shaped on the pore-bearing segments ; pores on the fifth in the
middle of the margin, behind the middle on the other segments. Jnterzonal groove complete, shallow
dorsally. Sterna scarcely wider in front, mesially depressed behind, laterally notched. Zegs with distal
segments considerably longer than penultimate.

$3. Smaller and narrower, but with keels relatively much larger, their posterior angle square and subacute.
Phallopods as figured, and as described in analytical key (anted, p. 194).

Length, ?, 30 millim., width 6+; length of antenne 5 millim.

” 3» 25 ” ” 5 3 ” ” ) ”

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 8000 feet (H. H. Smith).

12. Rhysodesmus arcuatus, sp. n. (Tab. XV. figg. 13-13 e.)

@. Colour deep blackish-brown ; keels externally yellow, at least with a large yellow spot around and
extending inwards from the pore, the anterior angle and extreme posterior edge of the keels brownish ;
anterior keels yellower than the posterior ; caudal process yellow; head dark brown; antenne brown;
legs yellowish-brown, with terminal segments clear yellow ; sterna and lateral surface brownish.

Antenne moderately long ; width of head about equal to segments 2+3+4+half of 5 or over.

First tergal plate with its anterior border only lightly convex in the middle line, generally lightly produced
where it passes into the obliquely sloping nearly straight lateral portion ; lateral angle moderately wide,
rounded; posterior border mesially nearly straight, laterally also nearly straight but oblique. Body
broad and compact, the keels overlapping. eels moderately large, scarcely following the slope of the
dorsal surface, which is often somewhat wrinkled and bears distinct scattered tubercles on the keels ;
anterior border of keels convex, the ridge defining it curved forwards in such a way that its most prominent
point is about halfway along the keel; anterior angle obtusely rounded and forming an even curve with
the lateral edge; posterior border a little produced, lightly sinuous or lightly convex, inclined slightly
forwards in the anterior half of the body, beginning to incline backwards from about the 15th
segment ; posterior angle mostly nearly rectangular, acute on segments 15 to 19; the marginal thickening,
which is tolerably large, even, and not abruptly expanded round the pore, sometimes a little produced
posteriorly. Pores lying near the middle of the lateral margin, looking slightly upwards. Jnterzonal
sulcus continued right round the segments. Sterna mesially depressed, laterally notched, wider in front
than behind. Legs with distal segment moderately long and slender, longer than the penultimate.

3. Flatter; the keels approaching the horizontal. Phallopods as shown in figure and as described in
analytical key to species.

Length, 2, 38 millim., width 10; length of antenne 7 millim.

” 3d; 35 ” ” 85; cB ” 75 ”

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 8000 feet (H. H. Smith).

bX
o

BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., Apri/ 1910.

202 DIPLOPODA.

13. Rhysodesmus notostictus, sp.n. (Tab. XV. figg. 10, 10 a.)

3. Colour of dorsal surface, including prozonites, mostly brown, with the keels largely yellow, and generally
more or less distinct traces of a yellow spot on the middle of the posterior area of the metazonites ;
anterior margin of the first tergal plate and the keels yellow ; head brown, paler below; antenne pale,
apically brownish ; legs yellow.

Antenne shortish, width of head equal to length of segments 2+3+4-+half of 5.

First tergal plate with anterior border nearly evenly but lightly convex. Body lightly convex. eels
approaching the horizontal, fairly large, overlapping, bearing a few tubercles above; anterior border
with its crest produced forwards nearer to the body than to the anterior angle; the anterior angle
widely and obtusely rounded, lateral border lightly convex, posterior border also very lightly convex ;
posterior angle rectangular, sometimes sharp and a little produced ; marginal thickening rather narrow
and evenly thickened. Pores in the middle of the border, except at the posterior end of the body.
Interzonal groove conspicuous and complete. Sterna hardly wider in front than behind. Legs with
distal segment only a little longer than the penultimate.

Phallopods as in figure and description given in analytical key.

©. More convex than male and with smaller keels.

Length, ¢, 28 millim., width 55; length of antenne 6°5 millim.

» 2,25 5, » 5°95 » » 8D 4,
9 2, 33 ” » 85 9 ” 6-5 ”

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 8000 feet (Z/. H. Smith).

Three males and three females. Two of the latter, although with the full comple-
ment of segments, are much smaller than the third. The larger females also have the
posterior border of the keels more sinuous and the posterior angle slightly produced.
Tam not sure that the females belong to the same species as the males (type), nor that
they are themselves conspecific.

14. Rhysodesmus inustus, sp.n. (Tab. XV. figg. 11, 11a.)

2. Colour brown above, both on prozonite and metazonite, but with the keels yellow anda stripe of the
same colour extending across the posterior half of the metazonite and sometimes invading its anterior
portion ; first tergal plate with its anterior border pale and the brown patch subdivided behind; head
reddish-brown, paler below; antenne darker than the legs, which are pale yellowish.

Antenne short ; width of head almost equal to length of segments 2-6.

First tergal plate shortish, gradually and nearly evenly narrowed laterally, or its angle wide and rounded.
Dorsal surface finely striolate, with a few tubercles laterally. eels depressed, of moderate size ; crest of
anterior edge with its greatest convexity close to the anterior angle, which is somewhat prominent and
rectangularly rounded; posterior border very slightly produced towards the base, slightly sinuous, the
posterior angles for the most part rectangular, but a little produced owing to a slight elongation of the
marginal thickening; lateral border lightly convex ; thickening nearly parallel-sided. Pores submedian,
except at the posterior end. Inierzonal groove nearly obsolete dorsally except for its anterior edge.
Sterna wide in front; posterior edge emarginate. Legs with terminal segment shortish, only a little
longer than the penultimate.

3 (type). Smaller, narrower, flatter; keels with posterior angle more rounded; antenne longer, width of
head equal to segments 2-5. Phallopods as in figure and description in analytical key on p. 193.

Length, 9, 33 millim., width 8; length of antenne 5:5 millim.

” 3, 28 ” ” 75 3 ” ” 6 ”

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero §000 feet (7. H. Smith).

RHYSODESMUS. 203

The following species are unknown to me, except from their figures and
descriptions :—

15. Rhysodesmus acolhuus.
Polydesmus (Fontaria) acolhuus, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xxi. p. 150 (1869); Miss.
Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 33, t. 2. fig. 2 (1872) ”.

Colour: the dorsal surface yellowish and traversed by two blackish olive-green lateral bands composed of a
large patch on each metazonite, and represented on the first tergal plate by two converging patches ;
a median narrow stripe of the same colour on the middle of the prozonites; sides and lower surface
blackish-green ; head blackish, with a tricuspidate frontal patch and pale labrum ; antenne testaceous,
dark apically.

@. Body moderately vaulted. eels almost following the slope of the back, lightly raised at the extremity ;
keels of segments 1-4 or 5 with their posterior border directed obliquely forwards; those of the ten
following segments quite transverse, the posterior border straight and in the same line as that of the
median area of the segments; posterior border on the following segments directed obliquely backwards ;
keels from the 2nd to the 15th very round, the posterior angle rounded but squarer than the anterior ;
from the 16th to the 19th the posterior angles become progressively more angular; marginal thickening
tolerably wide and thick ; pores superior and median. Caudal process longer than wide. Dorsal surface
a little striolated, rugulose or subsquamous at the base of the keels ; the keels coriaceous.

g. Smaller and much flatter than the 9 , with the keels horizontal.

Length, 2, 50 millim., width 9°5.

yy 6 6S AE » 8.

Hab. Mexico, Valley of Moyoapan and the Sierra de Agua, near Orizaba, in the
Eastern Cordillera + ?.

16. Rhysodesmus angelus. (Tab. XV. fig. 14.)

Polydesmus (Fontaria) angelus, Karsch, Arch. f. Naturg. xlvii. p. 39, t. 3. fig. 13 (1881) '.

Fontaria tepaneca, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, lxviii. p. 259, t. 13. fig. 318 (1890)* (? Fontaria
tepaneca, Sauss.).

Colour (when not decolorized) castaneous with yellow keels.

Body vaulted, smooth and shining, rugulose. The ‘eels following the slope of the back, their anterior angles
rounded, posterior angles of segments 2-4 also rounded, those of 5-13 almost rectangular, and those of
16-18 forming a wide short tooth ; those of 19 forming a rounded lobe. Sterna smooth, not hairy, with
cross-shaped sulcus.

Phallopod cylindrical and straight, distally narrowed (? when seen from below); when seen from the side, the
principal branch is very stout, longer than the palmar portion of the organ, with both its upper and lower
edge markedly sinuous ; its apex is distinctly upcurled and somewhat strongly bifid; the interramal space
is wide and rounded; and the auxiliary branch, which is rather less than half the length of the palmar
portion, is slender, projects obliquely forwards and upwards, with lightly convex upper border and nearly
straight lower border, the entire branch being only very slightly curved.

Length, 2, 50 millim., width 9°5.

” oi 42 9 ” 8:5.

Hab. Mexico, Puebla!? (Hamburg Museum).

So far as I can ascertain from the text of Attems’s monograph, the only examples he
has seen of the species he described as Fontaria tepancca, Sauss., were those in the
Hamburg Museum which Karsch described as Fontaria angelus. 1am unable to say

certainly whether his determination of these specimens as conspecific with those that
2D 2

204 DIPLOPODA.

Saussure named tepanecus is correct or not. The description is too inadequate to
supply data for such a conclusion, since it applies to many of the Central-American
species of this genus. It may be noted, however, that Attems does not draw attention
to the sexual differences pointed out by Saussure. Moreover, the measurements he
gives suggest that the co-types of R. angelus are narrower than the type (¢) of
R. tepanecus from Cordova and than the females from Moyoapan and Santa Cruz,
near Orizaba, which Saussure and Humbert subsequently identified as that species.
The male of R. angelus, for example, is 42 mm. long and 8°5 wide; while the male
of R. tevanecus was 40 wm. long and 10 mm. wide. This fact, coupled with the
inadequacy of the description of R. angelus, and with the circumstance that LR. tepanecus
was not recorded from Puebla, induces me to keep the two species distinct provisionally,
lest R. angelus be wrongly lost sight of as a synonym and until the phallopod of
R. tepanecus be described and compared with that of R. angelus, the structure of which .
has been partially made known by Attems. In being straight and gradually attenuated,
this phallopod seems to résemble that of R. attemsi, but certainly differs in the
greater thickness of the principal branch and the sinuous curvature of its edges when
seen from the side. In these latter respects it somewhat calls to mind the phallopod
of R. pusillus, but unmistakably differs, according to Attems’s description, in having
the principal branch straight and not inclined distally.

Attems has also recorded as R. tepanecus a species represented by specimens
in the Hamburg Museum from La Joya, Mexico, and from Soconusco, Chiapas
(Mt. Mus. Hamb. xviii. p. 85, 1901). Since neither of these localities is mentioned
in his monograph of 1900 under the heading Fontaria tepaneca, it is impossible to
say whether the specimens are specifically identical with /. angelus or not.

17. Rhysodesmus consobrinus.
Polydesmus (Fontaria) consobrinus, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 322 (1859) *; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve,
xv. p. 317, t. 2. fig. 13 (1860) *; Sauss. & Humb. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 387 (1872) °.

Colour unknown ; greyish or whitish.

9. Like that of R. otomitus, but the dorsal surface slightly more convex and the eels a little more sloping,
with the marginal thickening more linear, those which bear the pores being scarcely swollen. Pores small,
not lodged in small pits, opening behind the middle of the lateral border, even on the 7th segment; and
the spine on the legs stronger.

¢. Dorsal surface less convex, lateral border of the heels straighter, their posterior angles less obtuse,
rectangular on the segments in the anterior half of the body and not obtuse as in the @. In the median
and posterior segments the keels are horizontal, with their posterior angles acute and triangularly
prolonged, the posterior border forming a distinct angle and not an even curve with that of the median
area of the segments ; posterior angle of segments 16 to 19 very sharp.

Length 31 millim., width about 7.

Hab. Mexico, the colder parts of the plateau (Anahuac, Volcan de Orizaba, &c.)'~*.

Said to be easily distinguishable from &. fraternus by its less convex shape, the
female of R. consobrinus being even flatter than the male of R. fraternus.

RHYSODESMUS. 205

18. Rhysodesmus fraternus.,

Polydesmus (Fontaria) fraternus, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 323 (1859)'; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve,
xv. p. 310, t. 3. fig. 16 (1860) *.

? Fontaria fraterna, Attems, Denk. Akad. Wien, Ixviii. p. 260 (1900) °.

Colour chocolate-brown, with the postero-lateral portion of the keels, the anterior border of the first tergal
plate, the legs, and antenne flesh-coloured. Body robust and compact; the eels squarely truncated,
with the lateral margins scarcely swollen. Pores smaller than in R. montezume, to which this species is
said to be closely allied, and situated more forwards; also the keels of the 17th to the 19th are subacute
and less rounded than in 2. montezwme ; and the anal valves are striated as in R. fraternus.

3. With keels sensibly more elevated, and approaching the horizontal in the posterior half of the body; behind
the 6th and 7th segments projecting a little at the base posteriorly, and having the posterior angle
somewhat acute. The pores more forward as in R. montezume.

Length, 9, 37 millim., width 9.

” 3, 35 ” ” 9.

Hab. Mexico’, in the villages of the eastern slope of the Cordillera !?.

This species is said to be closely related to &. montezume, of which it has the
appearance, the shape, and the colours; but differs in being stouter and in the other

characters mentioned in the diagnosis.
I cannot decide whether Attems correctly determined as &. fraternus the female
specimen in the Hamburg Museum, ticketed Mexico, which he assigned to that

species.

19. Rhysodesmus limax. (Tab. XV. figg. 1, 1 a.)

Polydesmus (Fontaria) limax, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 312 (1859)'; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve,
xv. p. 312, t. 2. fig. 10 (1860) ’.

Colour chocolate-brown, the keels often paler. Body large, broad and compact. Dorsal surface evenly
convex; anterior end elliptically narrowed. first tergal plate with lateral angles narrowed ; posterior
border of segments 2 to 4 lightly concave in the middle area, the posterior border of their keels
oblique and a little sinuous, the anterior border rounded. eels of the other segments depressed, almost
following the slope of the dorsum ; anterior border and angle of the keels forming an almost semicircular
curvature, the border prominent ; the posterior border sinuous, with a convex prominence at the base,
then directed obliquely forwards, with the posterior angle somewhat produced, so that the entire border
presents a sinuous ~-shaped curve; as far back as the 10th or 11th segments the keels are directed
slightly obliquely forwards; only from the 12th are they directed obliquely backwards; marginal
thickening very flattened, small, shining, posteriorly spiniform on the segments behind the 8th;
posterior angle of keels of 18th and 19th sometimes deprived of spiniform process. Pores superior, in
the anterior half of the marginal thickening as far back as the 16th segment. Dorsal area of segments
1 to 3 smooth, with only insignificant strie, that of the rest with somewhat squamiform sculpturing, which
becomes coarser upon the keels, the scales becoming as it were spiniferous. In addition the keels
commonly show traces of three rows of small smooth tubercles ; 18th and 19th segments almost smooth.
In large individuals the sculpturing becomes almost effaced upon the middle of the back.

dg. With dorsal surface less vaulted.

Length 50-80 millim., width 17-20.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova, San Andres Tuxtla! °.

In the British Museum there is a single male specimen, probably referable to this
species and purchased under the name “ P. limaz.” It is 7d mm, long and 22 wide.

206 DIPLOPODA.

The keels are very large but distinctly depressed, almost following the slope of the
dorsum, with the posterior angles dentiform. ‘The dorsal surface is rugose, tubercular
laterally. The sterna are deeply emarginate, being bilobate or bidentate posteriorly ;
they are also much wider in front than behind. ‘The terminal segments of the legs
are quite short. The phallopods are elongate and distally gradually incurved; seen
from the side the principal branch projects straight forwards and curls upwards
at the tip and is about as long as the palmar area of the organ; the inter-ramal
space is oval; the auxiliary branch is short, not half the length of the palmar
portion, and is fairly evenly curved and subspiniform. This example is labelled
‘‘ Mexico,” without further particulars as to locality.

20. Rhysodesmus mystecus.
Polydesmus (Fontaria) mystecus, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xxi. p. 150 (1869) ';
Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 82, t. 2. figg. 3-3 ¢ (1872) °.

2. Colour (in alcohol) testaceous with a pair of brownish-red longitudinal dorsal bands extending laterally
near the base of the keels over the metazonites and prozonites; first tergal plate with a somewhat
A-shaped mark; head blackish above, testaceous below; antennz and legs testaceous, last segment of
the former brown.

Very like R. acolhuus, a little more vaulted, the keels less rounded, squarer, the posterior angles rectangular,
and the marginal thickening narrower, the pores opening almost laterally. The body much less attenuated
posteriorly, remaining wide to the end, with the keels of the three penultimate segments much less
prolonged ; those of the 19th forming only small triangular teeth, whereas in 2. acolhuus they form
longer and wider lobes. The caudal process is, moreover, very different, being convex, conical, wider
than long, and more pointed, with concave lateral borders.

3. Much less vaulted, with the keels horizontal, wide and short, showing an oblique backward inclination
from the 7th segment, the posterior end narrower.

Length, 2, 43 millim., width 9.

29 3; 36 ” 9 8°3,

Hab. Mexico, mid-region of the Eastern Cordillera ! 2.

21. Rhysodesmus nahuus.
Polydesmus (Fontaria) nahuus, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xxi. p. 150 (1869)'; Miss.
Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 36, t. 1. figg. 6-6 6 (1872) ®.

Colour (in alcohol) greyish, the prozonites reddish-brown; a brown spot on each side of the metazonites
placed anteriorly and at the base of the keels. Dorsal surface coriaceous, with some granules upon the
keels. Body anteriorly attenuated. eels continuous and depressed, following the slope of the back ;
those of segments 2-4 transverse with parallel borders; those of the 5th with a small basal prominence
beLind, the following with a similar prominence, but with the posterior border concave; from the 7th
or 8th segment the concavity becomes more and more pronounced, making the posterior angle produced
and subspiniform, the anterior angle rounded; the subspiniform process disappearing about the 15th or
16th segment. Acels of the 18th triangular, of the 19th small, rounded. Pores small, on the upper side
of the middle of the marginal thickenings. Caudal process conical.

g. Keels lightly raised posteriorly. .

Length 30 millim., width 6.

Hab. Mexico. Eastern Cordillera ! 2,

RHYSODESMUS. 207

According to the describers, this species is distinguishable from all the Mexican
forms known at that time by the subspiniform posterior angles of the keels and the
emargination of their posterior borders.

22. Rhysodesmus otomitus.
Polydesmus (Fontaria) otomitus, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 322 (1859)'; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve,
xv. p. 315, t. 2. fig. 12 (1860) *; Sauss. & Humb. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 37 (1872) *.

Q. Colour? ; whitish when dry. Very like the male of R. fraternus, but relatively a little less convex.
Posterior border of keels scarcely concave as far back as the 16th, marginal thickenings which bear
the pores thickened and lozenge-shaped. Pores large, in the middle of the lateral border, even at the
posterior extremity of the body.

3. Differs from the 2 by having the posterior angle of the keels more produced and the keels more
elongated.

Length, 9, 24 millim., width 6.
Hab. Mexico, the plateau and temperate regions (Cordova) ! 2,

This species was based upon immature individuals. The measurements given
therefore are deceptive for the adult. It is said to differ from R. fraternus by having
the pores lodged in small pits, in being less convex, and in having the keels of the
male otherwise elevated. ‘To what extent these characters would apply to adults is
unknown.

23. Rhysodesmus simillimus.
Polydesmus (Fontaria) simillimus, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xxi. p. 150 (1869) ';
Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 31, t. 1. figg. 5-5 6 (1872) °.

g. Colour wholly pale when dry. Body tolerably flat. Acels continuous when the body is contracted.
Dorsal surface smooth but coriaceous. eels scarcely elevated, with narrow marginal thickening and
very small pores; behind the 7 th segment the keels are directed slightly obliquely backwards, with the
anterior angle rounded, the posterior border lightly concave, with the posterior angle sharp; from the
Ath to the 16th segment a small tooth-like “‘shoulder” process is seen at the base of the posterior
border of each keel; the keels from the 15th to the 19th are large and triangularly prolonged.
Posterior extremity of the body much narrowed.

Length of ¢ (contracted) 25 millim., width 5:4.

Hab. Mexico, Eastern Cordillera (Santa Cruz, near Orizaba) !?.

Said to resemble closely 2. consobrinus, otomitus, and zapotecus, but to differ from
the first two in the presence of the small tooth upon the base of the posterior border
of the keels, and from R. zapotecus in having a distinct notch at the base of the keels of
the 17th and 18th segments, and the keels of the 19th larger and more triangular.

24. Rhysodesmus tepanecus.

Pelydesmus (Fontaria) tepanecus, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii, p. 8321 (1859) *; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve,
xv. p. 319, t. 3. fig. 17 (1860) °; Humb. & Sauss. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 30, t. 1. figg. 4-46
(1872) °.

Colour ; a broad median dark brown band extending along the metazonites, the patch on each segment
narrowly bordered in front and behind by yellow and not extending laterally on to the keels, which are

208 DIPLOPODA.

yellow, the yellow patch on each keel nearly as wide as the median brown area ; first tergal plate with
only a median patch; prozonites apparently pale like the lateral and inferior portions of the segments ;
head pale; antenne pale, with apical segment infuscate; legs pale. Body stout, compact; dorsal
surface vaulted, the keels following the slope of the median area; their anterior angles rectangularly
rounded ; the posterior angles not spiniform or directed posteriorly ; posterior border directed a little
forwards on the 4th to the 8th segments, slightly convex from the 8th to the 14th, lightly inclined
backwards on the 15th and 16th, and strongly oblique on the two following; keels of the 18th
triangular posteriorly. Pores opening in the middle of the lateral border. Dorsal surface vaguely
striolate and coriaceous, the keels with two often indistinct rows of granules.

3. With all the keels more elevated as in other species, those of the 15th to the 17th directed more obliquely

posteriorly.
Length, 2 (contracted), 43 millim., width 10.
” 3 (distended), 55 ,, ” 9.

Hab. Mexico, mid-region of the Eastern Cordillera (Cordova [| ¢, type], Moyoapan,
Santa Cruz, near Orizaba [ @ ]).

25. Rhysodesmus toltecus.

Polydesmus (Fontaria) toltecus, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 322 (1859) (2) '; Mém. Soc. Phys.
Genéve, xv. p. 325, t. 4. figg. 22, 23 (1860) °*.

Polydesmus (Fontaria) mayus, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 822 (1859) (¢)’.

Polydesmus (Leptodesmus) granulosus, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 823 (1859) (¢) *

Colour brown, with the end of the keels pale; altogether porcelain-white when dry. Formas in 2. totanacus,
but with the body more vaulted ; keels not quite continuing the slope of the back, shaped almost as in
R. totanacus, but the lateral borders a little thicker and the posterior angle showing a tendency to form
a small projection. All the segments except those quite at the anterior and posterior ends of the body
marked with three irregular transverse rows of rounded polished tubercles.

$. Much flatter than the female; the keels horizontal, uptilted externally, so that they appear to be
separated by a gutter from the median convex area of the segments.

Length, 2, 36 millim., width about 8.

2” 3 ’ 33 ” ” ” 7.

Hab. Mexico, the eastern slope of the Cordillera and the edge of the plateau
(Cordova, ? Peak of Orizaba, 3000 metres) 1~*.

Distinguishable from all the species known to me by the distinctness of the three
rows of tubercles on the dorsal area of the segments.

26. Rhysodesmus violaceus. (Tab. XV. fig. 15.)
Fontaria violacea, Brélemann, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xiii. p. 101, t. 6. figg. 33-36 (1900) *.

Colour violet-brown, with whitish keels, the pale colour sometimes extending along the posterior border of
the median area of some of the segments. Body robust, a little attenuated anteriorly. Dorsal surface
nearly smooth, becoming coriaceous upon the keels. first tergal plate with anterior and posterior
borders nearly straight in the middle, abruptly cut away laterally ; the lateral angle acute, with blunt
point; posterior angles of the keels almost rectangular, entirely so in segments 5 to 14; behind the
15th becoming more acute. Sterna unarmed. Phallopod with principal branch lightly curved upwards
(? inwards), stout and short, considerably shorter than the palmar portion; auxiliary branch stout,
rather long, straightish, somewhat abruptly hooked at the apex.

Length, 9, about 45 millim., width 10,

» oy ” ” » oe.

RHYSODESMUS. 209
Hab. Guatemata (Rodriquez 1).

This species differs from ail those known to me in the structure of the phallopods.
In some particulars it seems to resemble R. stolli, but certainly differs from it in the
shape of the auxiliary branch of the phallopod. |

Brolemann (lec. cit. p. 102) also records, but does not name, a second species from
Guatemala, which somewhat approaches apparently R. zendalus, Sauss., in colour, but
has the keels entirely pale. The ? measures 48 mm. long and 10 wide.

27. Rhysodesmus vicinus.

Polydesmus (Fontaria) vicinus, Sauss. Linn. Ent. xiii. p. 8322 (1859)'; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve,
xv. p. 318 (1860) ’*.

3. Colour ?white. Very nearly allied to R. otomitus, but much smaller, more vermiform, with the
posterior angle of the keels a little elevated triangularly ; a shallow groove running obliquely from the
anterior angle of the keel to its posterior border; posterior angle of the 19th rounded.

2 with the body more vermiform and the keels smaller.

Length 17 millim., width 4,

Hab. Mexico, cold regions, the plateau of Anahuac, also Oaxaca in the tropical
regions ! ?,

28. Rhysodesmus zapotecus.

Polydesmus (Fontaria) zapotecus, Sauss. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, xv. p. 314, t. 2. fig. 11 (1860)’;
Humb. & Sauss. Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 37 (1872) °.

Colour uniformly brown. Dorsal surface very little convex, but the keels following its slope, wide, their
anterior borders prominent, the posterior concave, excised, with a small basal prominence; anterior
angle rounded, posterior with a tolerably sharp tooth beginning on the 7th, 8th, or 9th segments ; marginal
thickening even, pores superior, in the middle of the thickening on the Sth and 7th and thereafter
becoming more and more posteriorly placed.

-¢. More flattened, the dentiform lobes of the posterior angles more pronounced.
Length, 2, 29 millim., width 5.

Hab. Mexico, San Andres Tuxtla &c.!?.

This species is said to be characterized by the length of the spines on the legs, the
slenderness of the body, the dentiform process of the posterior angle of the keels, and
the emargination of the posterior border of the keels.

29. Rhysodesmus zendalus.

Polydesmus (Fontaria) zendalus, Humb. & Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xxi. p. 150 (1869) °;
Miss. Sci. Mex., Myr. p. 34, t. 2. figg. 1, 1 @ (1872) *.

2. Colour. Body testaceous, but the dorsal surface barred transversely with olive-black across the posterior
half of the metazonites and on the keels; head pale, darker on the front; entenne and legs

brown.
Compared with 2. fraternus, acolhuus, and mystvcus: back arched, keels moderate, not markedly wide,
a little elevated, and squared; the posterior border of keels 2 to 5 shghtly oblique forwards ; that of

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., April 1910. 25

210 DIPLOPODA.

the following transverse, but a little prominent at the base; showing an oblique backward direction,
which gradually becomes more pronounced from the 14th to the 18th. Caudal process conical, as in
R. mystecus.
g. Less arched, the keels wider and horizontal, coriaceous and sparsely granular above.
Length, 2, 37 millim., width 8.
” Jd, 32 ” ” 6.

Hab, Mexico, Eastern Cordillera ! 2.

_ 1 vy: ea:
CorrigenpuM.—Page 113, 7 of the table of the families and subfamilies of the Group PotypEsmoipxa, for
‘no hair-lined depression ” read “ usually a hair-lined depression ” &c.

INDEX.

[Names in small capitals refer to Families, &c.; those in roman type to the chief reference to each species included in the work;
those in italics to species incidentally mentioned, synonyms, &e. |

Page

ACERATOPHALLUS .......05+ 182
Aceratophallus ...... 171, 188, 184
lamellifer .............. 183

—— lamellifer .... 0... cee 182
——unicolor .............. 182
—— UNICOLO eee 183
lamellifer.......... 183
ACUTANGULUS ....... 00.000 178
Acutangulus.... 162,171, 180, 182
COCCINCUS ......... 00 ee 179
COCCINEUS vee eeceececaes 178

—— neglectus .............. 179
ANPe8 oo ec cece eee 13
Allopors os. cee eeee. 91, 92, 93
AisstMilis voce cece ees 91
AMPhinUs voce eee cecreccee 148
AMPLINUS..... 0.00 cece eens 148
AMPUUNUS voce cer eeeeee 147, 148,
149, 154, 157, 158

areatus 2.0... ..... 0000. 151
AVEMUS Coca e eee nes 149
armatus......... eee eee 153
AVMATUS voce essen 149, 154
CONVEXUS ......... 0008. 150
CONVELUS se ee seer eveeee 149
erichsoni ...-.......06. 152
ertchsont .......... 149, 153
flavicornis.........-.... 151
JMAWCOPNIS Loe eee 149
kalonotus ...... 148, 149, 150
Klugi.. eee. cece eee eee 152

—— klugt....cec.es 149, 1538, 154
nitidus .......-e.e eee 149
MULTAUS vec cee v ce cennnes 151
palicaudatus .......... 150
palicaudatus ..... 00, 149
—— picheti: vec ceveececceee, 152
tYivaMUS yo... eee ee eee 153

——— trtramus ...... 600. 149, 154

. Page
ANARTIOSTIGMA .........05. 1
Anartiostigmata ....... 6065. 1
Andrognathus .......... view 49
ANGUSLINUS Loe cece eee 149
Anoplodesmus ...... 1.0 cece 110
APHELIDFSMUS.........0..0 157
Aphelidesmus .. 137, 147, 148, 158

glaphyros .............. 158

hermaphroditus ........ 157
Archispirostreptus ...... 91, 92, 98

COMEPANIE oo cee 92

GUIS ccc cece enens 91
Arthronomalus toltecus ...... 37
ARTIOSTIGMA ... ce cece ee eee 3
Artiostigmata .evcccceceeaee 3
Brachyceybe. ccc 43,44

CALYPOINICd. 66 eee ees 44

leconted ... cece ccc ces 44
—~—— POSED Le ee 44
Branchiostoma celebense ...... 26
—-— 610P cee 27
—— ceylonicum ....... 00.0. 26
——— PYMNOPUS Loe cece ccces 26
—— immarginatum oo... ee. 26
—— INUICUM. 6 eee 26

LONGIPES voce eee eee 27

subspinusum .........0. 26
Cambala.... ccc cece 104, 105

ANMNUALA ve vivccecevnes 105
Cambalid@.. ooo. cece cee. 105
Cambalomorpha... 6.0.00. cca 104
Cambalopsis .. 0... cee eee 104
Cermatia lincect... 6.0... 0.04. 1
Cermatobuid@ wie... eee 3
CHELODESMIDH ............ 160
Chelodesmid@ oo. cece eee 113
CHELODESMIN® ............ 160

Page

Chelodesmin@ oo... cee cece 1138
CHILOGNATHA ....n..ecee eee Al
CHILOPODA .........000005 . dt
CHOMATOBIUS ..........0008 40
brasilianus ....cececeee 40
—— mexicanus.............. 40
CHOMATOPHILUS .,........65 39
——smithi ..............., 39
CHORDEUMOIDEA............ 51
Chordeumoidea ....... 0.000 4]
Cladostreptus ....... 00. e eae 92
sebasttanus ... 0... ..00. 92
CLEIDOGONA ... 0... cece eee 52
—— godmani .............. 52
GYOUMANE wiveiccseccues 53

—— mexicana .............. 53
stolli .. se... cee eee 52
SOLOBODESMUS ............ 128
Colobodesmus........044. 119, 129
biollevi ............000. 129
COLOBOGNATHA ......ee.ee 41
CoRMOCEPHALUS............ 24
aurantiipes ............ 24
Craspedosoma mexicanum .... 53
CRASPEDOSOMID® .......... 51
Cryptodesmus .. 181, 184, 185, 185
A 1384
CRYPTOPIDE......, cece cece 28
Cryptopin@ .eceecececceceee 28
Cryptops ... 6... eee, 15, 28, 34
Cryptotrichus. i. cece cece cea 52
cesio-annulatus ........ 52
CRYPTURODESMUS .......... 116
Crypturodesmus ........ 115, 117
targionil .............. 17
VETTUCOSUS . oe ee 116
CYCLODESMINA ............ 118
Cyclodesmine............ 112,117
CYCLODFSMUS ............. . 418

212

Page
Cyclodesmus ........ 117, 127, 129
AZtECUS 6. eee eee eee 119
ALLECUS Loe eee cee 127, 129
CYCLORHABDUS .........005 167
Cyclorhabdus . 0... cee 161
ANNULUS Lovee eee 167
contortus ..........0 06 168
CYCLOTHYROPHORUS ........ 83
Cyclothyrophorus ......... 65. 89
heteropygus ............ 85
heteropygus .....eceeaee 84
o—— nietanus ...........00. 84
—— metanus .........40. 85, 86
salvini ............006. 84
——— salvint oo... cece ee. 83, 85
——vulvanus .............. 86
~ VULVANUS eee cccncvene 84
Cyhtocyrtus... 0... ee 114, 115
CE) 115
CYLIONUS wo... ee eee eee 127
Cylionus... 6... cee 117,119, 129
constrictus ............ 127
ConstrictUs... 6... ae 128, 129
gracilis... 0.0... eee ee, 128
gracilis v6. eee ee 127, 129
CYPHODESMUS ...... 0.000005 118
Cyphodesmus ... 0. c cece eee 7
mexicanus ............ 118
SYRTODESMINZE .........0.. 115
Cyrtodesmin@é .......... 112,114
Cyrtodesmus ........ 114, 115, 133
ASPOM oo cece cee 115
—— YTANOSUS «1... 66a. 115, 116
vElULtNUS oe cece ec cces 115
Decaporodesmidé ....... 00005 150
DECAPORODESMUS .......... 13
Decaporodesmus .......0000. 131
motzoronginis .......... 184
Detodesmus . 0.0.0... cee 114
MUVANELACUS §. 0. eee ee eee 114
Diaporus vec cc cei cvennnes 91, 98
—— QMMEPICANUS 6. eee eee 91
Dropsiulus . 6... ccc eee 108
—— bellus .. 0 eae 108
DIPLOPODA ....-....00ee eee 4]
DrRHABDOPHALLUS.......... 161
Tnrhabdophallus ........ 157, 162,
165, 167, 168, 182
CAPINOVALUS voce cea ee 166
ensiger ........ bee eeeee 165
CNSIGEP oo cee cece eee 163
Shaviporus oo. eee ee 164
- Goudott . 6... cece eeceeee 162.
——— gyanosus ............4. 164
GTANOSUS ...... 163, 165, 166

INDEX.
Page
Dirhabdophallus (?) hoffmanni . 165
hoffmannt oc... cee cveees 166
—— montanus .............. 1638
—— montanus ... 0.6.06. 161, 164
—— plataleus .......... 162, 164
— flaviporus.. ccc. 164
—— rodriguezi.. ............ 164
—— rodriguezt .......c cece 163
—— spatulatus.............. 165
spatulatus . 6.6... cee eee 165
Dolistenus occ ccc cece eee 44
DuoPORUS... 6... 0... eee 172
Dwoporus ccc c even ves 171
—— barretti...... 2. eae 172
EPINANNOLENE ............ 106
LEipinannolene........ 104, 105, 107
—— bicornis..............6. 107
—— pittieri ....... Seta ve ees 107
Epistreptus ......6. 91, 92
OSCERUS voce cece ees 91
EuUcorybas voce cece cece veces 13
supolydesmus vo csc ce veeeaee 110
Eurhinocricus oo... eee 68, 73
biolleyt . 6. ec 72
Eurymerodesmus ..... 00. 188, 189
Lurytr opis occ ccc ccc neee 110
EURYURINE ........00.. 147
BUryurin@ oo cvccccvcncns 118
Luryurus 1... 154, 157, 158, 159
AUSEIALIS wo ee cece 158
dealbatus oo... cece eee 153
OO 153
CTYLhPOPYYUS ooo ccc cee 158
glaphyr0s oc cee ccc 158
EUTYPORHACHIS ..........0. 168
sutyporhachis ..... 14.5. 161, 169
oltramarei ..........0- 170
oltramaret ov. eee eee 169
—— tessellatus ............ 169
tesselatus .. 0.0... eee eee 168

Fontaria .. 110, 162,185, 188, 189

ACOA oo ccc cece eevee. 208
ANGELS Coe cee eee eae 203
——- consobrind ove eee eae 204
CTASSUCULIS Cee eee eee 188
SFraternd vier vceveeeee 205
Grats vo. cece eee ee 160
hispidipes .......... 188, 189
laticollis .. 1... ee ee eee 189
LUMAL eee ceeee 188, 205
-—— martensit .......... 186, 189
——— MAYA Lec cece 208
—— montezumeé ........ 198, 196

—— MYSTECH Lecce een 206

Page
Fontaria nahua .... 6... “a 206
OLOMIEE Lo eee ee 207
SUIMUNMA voceccccceaces 207
tepanecad ...... 203, 204, 207
toltecd oe ccc eens 208
—— totanaca .......46 . 196
———— ICINE eee ee ee 209
—— VIOlACEA oe ee 208
—— BIPYINTENSIS eee eee 188
—— zapotecd .........4.... 209
ZENAMLA oo nee 209
Geophltde@.... ccc ceccceees 30
(JEOPHILOMORPHA ........ .. 8D
GEOPHILUS ........ vewnenet a3)
azteCUsS ...... ee eee 36
SABTOCUS Ce eee 35
—— bilineatus 2.0.0... ee eee AO
—— brevilabiatus ............ 40
—— carpophagus ..........4. 39
——godmani .............. 37
—— godmant os. eee ceeee 36, 38
—— lineatus ......eee ee ee 40
——— MENICUNUS oe eee eens 40
——salvini ................ 38
——— SULVDINE oe eee eee 36
—— stolli ...... 0... cee, 38
--— stollt oo eee 36
—— toltecus............000.. 37
COltecuS oo. cece eee 36, 38
Glomeridesmus 0... 000.00 cae lis
MELUCUNUS een 126, 126
Glyphiulus oo. ee 104
GymnostrepHus oo. cece a 92, 93
PEVfidUs oo occ c ce cvvees 92
Flercodesmus oo... ccc cae 150
imantarium soc. eee e cee . 389
JULOIDEA ............. 0008. 53
Tuloidea oo. cece 4]
Lulomorpha. sc ccc cvecccee 104, 105
Chilensts 0. ee 104,105
KinberGe. cc ccc eee cece 105
TUS ones 53, 58
Julus aztecus .......0 00.04. 64, 68
broculatus ........ ee eae 109
—— chichimecus .......0.05. 69
—— filicorntS vee eee eee 58
—— fraternus ..eeccccceeens 101
——— MEVICUNUS ove ec eae 81
———_ MOnteEZUNE ... ec eaee 99
—— MY STECUS Leer ec ee reas 81
—— nietunus ... ec. ec eeu, 84
—— oltvaceus oe eee ceaee 66

Page

Julus otomitus oo... 0c cee eee 100
PASUIS cee eee ee . 58
—— tarasceuS 6 eee 57
——— tEPaneCcus o 6. cc cveeees 80
——— H01EECUS Lee ees 68
totanacus ..... nee 69

—— tzendalus ....... cece 82
RAPOtOCUS Loe vce ne eeeee 69
Katantodesimus ... 0.00.00 116
Teptodesmine ov vee ccc ceeee 160
Leptodesmus ........ 161, 162, 174,

175, 179, 182, 189, 191, 195

axtecus ........ 161, 162, 180

—— carinovatus ........ 165, 166
———— CATNEUS oe eee 161, 162
—— ContortUUus Lorre cece ene 168
granulosus...... 161, 162, 208
JADANUS vc eee eens 161, 162
OMPAMATEL. Cece ee 170

—— platuleus granosus ...... 164
——— POAT IGMER Lee 164
Sallet oo cc eee eee 16], 162

—— subterraneus ........ 161, 162
TLIGIODESMUS .....-0-..000- 114
LDigiodesmus .... 00.0000 115, 116
pusillus ... 0... ee. eee eee 114
Dignydesmus oo... vee eens 114
PUDVUCCDS vc cence ens 114
LIvHOBIIDE 2.0.0... eee eee 3
LIvHOBIOMORPHA ......60.. 3
LITHOBIUS. cee. eee ee eee 3
AZtECUS 22. eee eee eee 10

——— aztecuS ©... eee eee 3, 11, 12
decodontus ............ 9
decodontus.... cee rs)
Sorficatus .. 6... e eee. 9, 12
godmani .........-050- 6
godmant ......+.5+ 4,8, 9,11
humbertl ........00000. 5
—— humberti oo. cece eee 4,7,9
Macroceros ..... eee eee 4

——— MAC OCEVOS vive ec nee 3
mMexicanus..... 0.6... eee 12

——— MYSteCuS .......6-- eee 10
MYSECCUS rere eecenee ll
pontifex ...........ee. 5

——— puntifed ..... 606 4,6, 7,9, 12
salvini ..... ec eee eee 7
SUIVINGE Vee eee eens 4,8,9, 11
SAUSSUFE] «2.2... eee ee eee 12

—— stolli ... eee eee ee eee 9
SOME Coe ce cece een naes 3
—— toltecus....... aneeeess 11
——— yulcani ...... eee eee 8

INDEX.

Page

Lithobius vuleant ... 0.0... 00 4,9
LOPHODESMUS .............. 131
Lophodesmus .... 111, 180, 133, 134
celatus ....... 0... cece 1338
COLALUS ee ccc cece 182

—— laminatus .............. 132
—— luminatus .....0..0 0045. 1838
—— perparvus ...........04. 138
POVPAYUUS ev ececcacnees 132
—— pusillus oe. cece eee. 131, 183
Meeistocephalus .........04. 35
Microrhachis..........4. 174, 175
UNCINALUS oe eee 176
Nannolene .......... 104, 105, 106
burket vee eee eee 106
NANNOLENIDE ..........000, 104
Nannolentd@ oo... cece. . 90, 105
NEOLEPTODESMUS ......0... 179
Neoleptodesmus 162, 171, 150
—— aztecus ........... 0000. 180
——— UBLECUS oo een. 181,182
—— orlzabee oe. eee, .. 18)
—— Orb oo cee 180
—— sumichrasti ............ 181
—— sumichrastt 0.0... .005. 180
—— vermiformis ............ 182
= VEIMIUOVMUS Cee cece enee 180
NEWPORTIA ,.....00eee cease 32
Newportta voc cccccccecceae 30, 35
AZtECA Loe ee eee eee 32
rr 383
OUIZANE Co ccc eee 35
Aentutd oo cc cccreccneee 32

—— longitarsis ... 0... 30, 32
INENUCUNG oo cv ccc cncnnes 30

—— monticola oo... 0. cece 32
pusilla verve ccveceaee 32, 35
—— rogers] ...... 0.0.00. ee, 34
VOYEFSE voc cece cee eee ee 32
—— spinipeés ........ eee, 33
SPUNUPES vo. ee cvneee 32, 35
NEWPORTIIDE ........0 0000. 29
NOTIPHILIDES ..........04.. 40
maximiliani ............ 40
Notiphilus maximiliant ...... 40
Octoglend ec cccccecccevrcues 42
Odontodesmus ..... cece eee 162
PYthON wo ccecccveeveees 142
Odontopeltis ........ 161, 168, 169
Oligodesmus 1... cece cee ceee 138
Omodesmus oo. cece cee eeee 115
ONCODFSMUS.....-0 0. eee eee 115
Oncodesmus ..ceecercveves .. il4

Page

Oncodesmus granosus ........ 116
ONISCODESMIDH ..........6. 11s
Oniscodesmid@ 1... 0.6.6.0 ee liz
ONISCODESMINE ........000- 114
Oniscodesmin€ ..ccccerevcees 112
Oniscodesmus .... 114, 115, 116, 118
MEXUCANUS occ cece cece 118
ONUSCINUS eee cee cece 1i4
Opisthomega spinicauda ...... 28
ORPHNBUS cee cece eee eee 40
brasiliensis... eee eee 40
—— bprevilabiatus .......... 40
lividus oi... cece eens 40
ORTHOMORPHA ... wee eee 159
TL 159
coarctata ...... eee 159, 160
OTACHIS oe... cee eee eee 160
ORTHOPORUS ......--..004- 93
Orthoporus.... 91,92, 102, 105, 106
AMPUSSIS «1.0... ... ee eee 102

—— amulensis.............. 98
——— amulensts .....ccccces 94,95
—— chiriquensis ............ 97
—— chiriquensis...... 94, 100, 103
—— confragosus ............ 101
—— confragosus.......... 94, 102
—— cordovanus .........64. 38
cordovanus .... 94, 95, 99, 100
Awuporoides oo. ceievaeee 91
fest... .. cece eee ee eee 102
POSE voce cc ceccees wee. 108
—— fraternus .............. 101
—— montezume ............ 99
—— montezume...... 95, 100, 101
omalopyge...........00- 103

——— OMALOPYGE vec vevsveees 95
—— otomitus ......... . . 100
—— 0LOMIUS Lee eee ea, 99, 101
—— palmensis .............. 96
—— palmensis .... 94, 95, 103, 104
—— rodriguezi..... ewes ... 103
-—— rodriguemt ......6 veveeee YO
— , subsp. coriaceus.... 103
—— striatulus ....... bee neee 99
striatulus .....4.. 94, 98, 102

—— teapensis ............6. 97
teapensis .... 94,95, 100, 102
—— typotopyge ............ 95
—— typotopyge ..... «eee. 94,96,
97, 100, 103

Orya LANE viveececevevenes _ 40
OTOCRYPTOPS .......-...... 29
Otocryptops voice cece cece 28
ferrugineus ..... bate awe 29
—— gracilis .......44. coeeee 29
—— melanostoma ......... . 29

214

Page

Otocryptops rubiginosus ...... 28
BCEUSPINOSUS eee rreevas 29
Otostigmus..... cee cece ecenes 25
appendiculatus ......065. 25
brastltensis.. 2... ce eee eee 25
INEPMIS voc ccc vccneeeee 25
Rervillet sc... cece eens 25

—— limbatus ..... cee cena 25
occidentalis ....ceeceees 25
SCUbIUCAUAE vi cscscreves 25
SpiculferUs .iccevcvecee 25
SUICATUS voce ec ee vc eeees 25
OXYPYGE wo. cee cece eee eee 73
ORY PYGO. ccc ccnenccveeeeecs 89
varicolor .......ee eee ee 73
OxXYUTUS ARLECUS vi rscecevves 180
InterMeMUs .. ccc eceee 181
OVUADE wee cece cece eee 181
sumichrastt ....ceceecee 18]
Pachydesmus vocccccceres 188, 189
Pachymertum vec vvcveeccees 35
Pachyurus .......4.. 148, 149, 159
CONVELUS ve cee ves eeeees 150
EPICHSONE 6. .e e eee eee 1538
GTANOSUS ieee ce cveevas 148
heterosculptus ......000 157
Klug. ccc cece. 148, 152
—— margaritaceus .......4.. 148
NUCHUS oe rc caceecveeee 149
palicaudatus ... ccc renee 150
SQUAMALUS Woe eee eee 148
PAMMICROPHALUUS.......... 183
Pammicrophallus ........ 171, 184
ornatus 6.0.6... eee eee 184
OrnatUs .. 6... sce eee 185, 186

—— plCtUS 2... eee eee eae 185
—— MICEUB ernie 184, 186
Paracryptops.. ccc ccc cece 28
Paradesmorhachis........ 148, 149
SOLOMOMS Lo. eee eee 148
Paradesmus oc... cece 148, 159
beaumontt..... 6... eee eee 159
carolinensis... 6... cee 159
coarctatus ... ce eee 159
ertchsonti ...... 152, 153, 159
Graces voce eee eee ee 160

—— hlugtt. ce 152, 159
prctett ve. ieee cece. 152, 159
PARAIULIDE... 6... ee eee 53
PARATULUS wo... cece eee 54
Paratulus voce cece eee ee. 53,58
amulensis ............0. 55
amulensis ......0e 56, 57, 58

—— azteCUS ..... 0... eee 56

ARLCCUS. Lee cee 55, 6

7, 58

INDEX.

Page

Paraiulus filicornis .......... 58
ODTCCLUS. cic eee eee eeee 54
—— olmecus.............00. 57
—— olmecus .........; 54, 55, 58
—— pennsylvanicus .......... 54
—rasilis ................ 58
stylifer ............00.. 57

— stylifer ........ 54, 55, 56, 58
tarascuS ......... 0000. 57
EATUSCUS oe eee 58
Parajulus cece ccc cece 54
OIMECUS 66. eee eee 54, 57

- CATASCUS. Le cece eens 57
PARARHACHISTES .......... 177
Pararhachistes oo... ccc cece 171
elevatus ....... cece eee 178

—— elevatus vo... cc cccccccee 177
—— vertebratus ............ 178
vertebratus ..ccceeeeaee 177
PAROTOSTIGMUS .........005 25
denticulatus............ 26
denticulatus .. 6... cece 26
limbatus 66... eee 26
PERIDONTODESMIDH ........ 134
Peridontodesmid@ oo... ccc eae 112
PERIDONTODESMUS.......... 135
Peridontodesmus ... i045. 111, 134
flagellatus ............ 136
SJlagellatus ..... 6666. 135, 187
hirsutus............000- 136
Atrsutus. 0. ccc eee 137
woodianus ..........0.. 137

——- woodtanus .......4.. 135, 136
PHYLACTOPHALLUS.......... 166
Phylactophallus ... 00.0.0. 161
—— stenomerus ............ 166
Physiostrepttd@ oc... cece ees 105
Physiostreptus ...... 104, 105, 107
OTCONCAE vic ceccccccues 105
Piestodesmus ... 06.0000 cee 42,43
morelett ......6.4. 42,43, 48
PLATYDESMIDH ........-04. 42
PLATYDESMUS ........00000- 42
Platydesmus ... 0.4.0. 45, 44, 49
analiS ...e.. eee eee eee 46

—— ANNU. cee eee 45
guatemalensis .......... 49

—— guatemalensis ........ 43, 44
—hirudo ................ 46
hirudo ... 6... eee. 43, 45, 47
leCONEEL Loe c ccc n cence 43
lineatus............000- 46
lineatus.....ceeceeees 45, 48

—— marmoreus ............ 47
—— marmoreus .. 6.6... 43, 44, 48
—— mesomelas ..........06 46

Page
Platydesmus mesomelas .. 48, 44, 47

—— mexicanus ............ 48
—— mexicanus ........ 43, 45, 49
——moreleti .............. 48
morelett......eecceeseee 44
perpictus .............. 47
perprclus .......00. 42, 44, 49
—— polydesmoides .......... 48
polydesmowdes...... 42, 48, 44
triangulifer ............ 45
triangulifer . 46, 47, 48, 49
—— typhlus ... 0... eee 44
PLATYRACHIDE ..........., 187
Platyrachtd@... 0... cee cee. 118
PLATYRACHINE ..........4. 138
Platyrachin@ . 6... cee ees 118
PLATYRACHUS ........+..005 138
Platyrachus ........ 110, 156, 158
bilineatus .............. 140
bileneatus .........00 0. 139
bivirgatus.............. 142
bivirgatus .. 139, 143, 145, 146
ClAthT ats oo. e cece eee 143
fraternus ...........46. 142
fraternus ...... 139, 141, 143
limonensis ............ 142
—— lhimonensis .. 139, 140, 141, 143
—— mexicanus ............ 140
—— mexicanus.. 139, 141, 148, 145
—— montivagus ............ 145
—— montivagus ........ 139, 141,
144, 145, 146
—— propinquus ............ 145
—— propinguus ............ 139
—— python oo. cece cc vecee 1438
VipaYlus ... 2... .. 00.000. 143
—— PUPAPUUS Le ee 139
—— seaber ......00.0.. 138, 1389
—-— stenopterus ............ 145
—— stenopterus .........04. 189
tristanl ..... 2... ee eee, 141
trostani .... 139,142, 148, 146
Platyrrhachus nitidus ........ 149
Platyrthacus oc eeccee ee 138
beleneatus oo... eee eee 140
brolleyt oo. eee eee 146
—— biwirgatus . 0... eee. 142
——— fraternus ... 6.6... eee, 142
limonensis.. 6.0.6... 0200. 142
MELUCANUS . 2.6... 140, 148
—— montivagus .........04. 143
PYOPNQUUsS oo... .eeeeee 145
PUPATIUS oc cence 1433
stenopterUs oo. cece eens 145
Plusioporus ........ 91, 92, 98, 102
Re 102

Page

Plusioporus salvadorit ......4. 91
Plutontine oo. ccc cca 28
Plutonium oo. ccc ccc cen 28
Polyerteus oo. ec cee 35
LOLECUS Lee eee 37
POLYDESMOIDEA ............ 109
Polydesmoidea..........4. 41,210
Polydesmus . 158, 148, 169, 176
——— acolhuus ... cee eee 205
AAUNCUS. 6. eee ees 175
ONGELUS Co.cc eee eee , 2038
ARLECUS Lecce eens 180

—— bilineatus ... 0... cc cae 140
COCCINCUS 2... ccc eee eee 179
CONSOLTINUS 2... ec cee 204
CVUChSONW 66... ces 152, 153
FVALETNUS vv cece 205
—— GVANOSUS deve eee eeeee 116
—— gr UnulOSus. oo. e er crenee 208
—— intermedius ........006. 181
—— klugtt.... eee 152
—— WIMAX. eee 205
MAYUS cece ec ev ence cees 208
MELICANUS 0 ccc een eee 140

——— MONLEZUNE oo. reeves 195
mystecUus oo. cece e rece 206
NAAUUS 6. e eee eee 206
OTIRADE oo cece 181
OLOMILUS oo eee cee 207
prcetett cecceccceceevces 152

—— pYENON vec ccvcceccee 142
: StMIULMNUS . cee 207
sumichrast? oo... cece eee 181
CUTASCA Loe eee eens 175
tePANECUS 11... 6. eevee 207
toltecus .. 6. ce cece eee 208
COCANACUS 261. ees 196
UNCINACUS oo. cece eee 175
VEFMUFOYMIS vo. cee eens 182
VICINUS Coe c icc eevee 209
VUGINLENSIS v6. eee ce aee 188
VITTAIS oe cee eee 176
WOOULANUS 66 ces 137
wapotecus ..... 6. eee eee 209
zendalus oc. ee ee evans 209
Polylepis ... 0.6... cae. 148, 149
QraNnOsUs ........4. 148, 149
POLYLEPISCUS ...........04, 154
Polylepiscus ........ 148, 153, 157
act#@ON ..... eee eee eee 155
act@on ........ 154, 156, 157
furcifer............005. 156

—— furcifer ss. ceerrrres 154, 157
heterosculptus .......... 157
heteroscuiptus .. 154, 155, 156

——stolli..... cc cece cece eee 155

INDEX.
Page |

Polylepiscus stolli..,. 154, 156, 157
Polyzonium vc iveeccccce eevee 42
Prionopeltis ..... 00.6004 110, 159
Pseudotulus 6... ccc cece 54, 58
Pseudojulus cee cece eee eee 54
ObtECEUS Co eee eee 54
Pseudonannolene . 104, 105, 106, 107
Pseudonannolenidé .......... 105

Psochodesmus .......... 130, 13
CYESCENEIS 6... eee eee 131
PtyOwlus vovceccccveveccaes 54
pennsylvanicus.......... 54
PYRGODESMIDH ............ 130
Pyrgodesmid@ .... 0... 0.065. 112
Pyrgodesmin@ oo... ccc cece 130
Pyrgodesmus .. 0... ce. eee 130, 134
Rachidomorpha adunca ...... 175
UNCINAA over ceeeneeas 175
RUCKIS ee cece cnc eee 176
Rhachidesmin@é .......... 118, 170
Rhachidesmus 1.0... ...00 0s 170
CAYASCA vee e cece e ence 187
RHACHIDOMORPHA .......... 174
Rhachidomorpha .... 167,171,175
adunGa ....... eee eee 175
AdUNCO oo... eee 174, 176
tarasca 2... eee eee 175
—— tarasca ........ 174, 176, 178
UNCINATA oo eee cece eens 175
Rhachts ... cc eevee 170, 176, 184
UNCINALUS LL cece eens 176
VUUAIS Lee 176
RHACHODESMINAD .......... 170
RHACHODESMUS ............ 176
Rhachodesmus .......... 170, 171,
172, 173, 174, 177
viridis ...........0e0ee 176
Rhacophorus 0.0.0.0 00 008 161, 163
CONSPETSU8. 6. eevee 168, 169
hoffmanni .. 0.6 cece ee 165
RHINOCRICUS ........00000. 59
Rhinoericus .. 67,68, 72,73, 83, 89
angusticollis........ wees 70
—— aposematus ............ 63
—— aposematus ........ 60, 64, 71
—— atoyacus ..........4... 65
——— ALOYACUS «eee ecneee 61
@uUrocinctus ........66.. 62
aurocinctus .....4.. 61, 69, 73
aZbeECUS ....... cee eee eee 68
——— AZECCUS vee veeeecccnee 64, 69
biolleyi...........0.00- 72
biolleyt ... cece eee ene 68, 73
brevicollis............-. 69
brevicollts ........ veveee 20

Page

Rhinocricus chichimecus...... 69
—— chichimecus .......00055 70
—— costaricensis............ 71
COSCAYICENSIS v6... eee 72
Cugesi so... cece eee eee 71
GUGESE ec e eee eee 68
ferrugineus ............ 70

~— hagedussii.............. 70
hagedussit.... 6.6... 00. 68, 71

——— MAIC]... eee eee ee 66
MANET ee cece ccccces 60
—— nodosicollis ............ 72
—— obesus ..........- 0c eee 71
—— ocraceus ............4. 72
—— olivaceus .............. 66
—— olivaceus we... eee cece 60
—— omilteme .............. 67
—— omilteme@ ....... 6000s 59, 73
PAPCUS coc ee ec ccecveeee 59
—— TIX] oo. eee cee eee 64
UAT cc ce ees 60
—— TOZETSL 66... cc eee eee, 61
—— FOGENSE voce ec eeceues 60, 62
—— rubicundus ............ 71
-—— salleanus .............. 64
—— salleanus.......... 61, 65, 66
-— scobimatus...........0.. 65
—— scobinatus.........0 0.0, 60
smithi ................ 62

—— smttht .... eee 61, 69, 73
—— SPer ee cre vse cecsce renee 83
SS 83
stolli..... ce. eee eee 62

Stoll voce ccs 61

—— toltecus................ 68
totamacus .............. 69
tristani............000. 63
tristant ......... . 60, 64,71
zapotecusS .............. 69
RHYSIDA .... eee eee 26
CeleriS ..... cee ee eee 27
COLLIS cece cece 26
Ceylonicd vee cece ceeenee 27
—— JYMNOPUS Lec caeecee 27
immarginata .......... 26
immarginata .......... 27
longipeS ...........04. 27
longipes 6... cece ve eeees 26
RHYSODESMUS .............. 188
Rhysodesmus ........ 187, 189, 196
acolhuus .............. 208
acolhuus ...... 194, 206, 209
angelus .............04. 203
angelUs .....-. eee. 195, 204
arcuatuS ............. . 201

—— arcuatus weeeeese 194,195

216

{o)

Rhysodesmus attemsi ........ 200
— uttemst .....6.. 192, 195, 204
championi ..... veeeeee 198
championt..... 6.608 191, 195

—— consobrinus ..........-- 204
consobrinus ......6.6 194, 207

—— flavocinctus ..... . are. 199
Aavocinctus .... 193,195, 200
fraternuS .....-..-0e06- 205
fraternus .. 195, 204, 207, 209
godmani .........0.0-. 199
godmant 191, 194, 195, 200

—— inustus ............006. 202
IMUSEUS . oe. ee ceeee 1938, 195
limax....... ec eee eee eee 205
LUMAL eevee eens 190, 195
——— montezume ..........6- 195
montezume . 192, 193, 196, 205

—— mystecus ..........44.. 206
—— mystecus ...... 194, 209, 210
NAhuusS .. 6... eevee eee 206

——— NANUUS ccc cnnncas 195
—— notostictus ............ 202
—— notostictus ........ 193, 195
—— otomitus ............. -. 207
—— otomitus 194, 197, 204, 209
—— pusillus..........--000. 197
PUSUllUS ve eecveecaee 150, 204
—— salvini ............004. 200
SALINE veces ceccues 192, 195
simillimus ............ 207
SUNUMMUS Le eee 194
——smithi ..............65 201
—— smitht wo... cc eee ee 193, 194
—— stolli..... seen ee ee eee 198
—— stolli ...... 191, 195, 199, 209
tabascensis ............ 198

—— tabascensis 191, 195, 199
tepanecus ..........006. 207
tepanecus ......40.. 194, 204
toltecus ..... 6.6... ee 208
tolt@CUs . 6. icc eens 195
totanacus ............6. 196
totanacus ... 1.6.04. 191, 192,

195, 197, 208

vicinus ..........-.006. 209
VICINUS Levee eee eee 194, 197
violaceus .........e-e 208
VIOLUCEUS ode eee eee 195
ZAPOteCUS ..... 6. eee eee 209
zapotecuS ...-...06. 194, 207
zendalus ........... 00% 209
BENAAUS vo. cae eveneaee 194
Scaphtostreptus ... 0.60. .0 00+ 92, 93
——— CONFYAGOSUS . 1. cc ec ee eee 101

INDEX.
Page
Scaphiostreptus fuscipes ...... 92
OMAlOPYYE . oc cece ve ceeee 103
—— rodriguezi......... wvea £03
—— tynotopyge oo... cee cee 95
palmenstS ... 6.6.06. 96
Schizotarsia .. 0... eee cee. 1
SCOLOPENDRA ..........0.5. 13
Seolopendra ..... cece eee 22, 23
ARCOM 66. ve eee 21, 22, 24
brandtiana ........444. 14
castaneiceps .......04. 18, 19
—— chichimeca............ 15, 16
—— Copeana ...........06. 19
—— copeana .......... 14, 20, 21
—_— , subsp. gaumeri .... 20
—— ferrugined ... 6... eee 29
—— gigas .... eee eee 14
GJIYUS occ cence nneee 13
heros ..... 2... eee ee eee 18
heros ...... 14, 19, 20, 21, 24
Mequidens .......6.00 17
———— MAYO Lec ccccnces 21, 22
—— morsitans .............. 14
——— MOPSULANS . oe eee eee 13
——— mysteca. 6... 18, 21
—— nicaraguensis .......... 24
—— occidentalis ............ 24
——— OIMECH dee cee 16,17
—— otomita oo... cece. 21,22
—— pachygnatha ............ 23
pachygnatha oo... ccc 14
pachypus ...... 19, 20, 22, 24
PAPUA. eevee venne 21, 23
polymorpha ..cceresa. 18, 20
pomacea .............. 15
pomacea .......... 15, 16,17
—— punctiventris .......... 17
—— punctiventris ..... 6.6068. 13
—— pygmea ....... ees. ee. 15
PYGMEA. . oe cer c ee eceen 13
subspinipes ............ 14
subspinipes ......e ee vae 13
sumichrasti ............ 20
sumichrastt: ..... 6.0 18, 21
tenuitarsis............0. 18
VENUE AISIS Lee 14
toltecd ..... se. ee. 21, 22, 23
viridis ......... Soe eee 2]
vrtdts .. 6... 14, 17, 22, 28, 24
WOOK oi eee cece eeeee 17
SCOLOPENDRIDAH ............ 1:
SCOLOPENDRIDES............ 30
BreVipes oo ve ee ce caeee .. 380
rr 30
MEXICANUS.. 6.6... 00.00. 30
MELICAUNUS cece cease 51

Page

Scolopendrides stolli ........ 3
Stoll 2... eae 30
SCOLOPENDRINZ ............ 13
SCOLOPENDROMORPHA........ 13
Scolopendropsis ....... 00.4.4. 28
SCOLOPOCRYPTOPIDH ........ 28
Scolopocryptops .... cc. ceeee 28
melanostOMa.....eecceee 29
——— MENICANA ...... cee 30
MIUEVSU occ cee cece eee 28
SCUTIGERA ..........0-000e 1
coleoptrata wi... ce eee 2
POrCEPS . occ eee 2
——linceci ................ |
WNCCCE oo eee eee 2
MELICANA 2. ce ceccvcces 1
—— nigro-vittata............ 2
— oceidentalis ............ 1
TUJOSA eevee eens 3
SCUTIGERIDH ............4. 1
SCUTIGEROMORPHA.......... ]
Scytonotus woodianus ........ 137
Siphonocybe .....0.. cece 50
hartit cece cc ccc ecu 50

SIPHONOPHORA......... 0200 5
Stphonophora vo... eee. 49
-—— brevicornis ............ 50
—— brevicornis..... 0.0.0.4. 51
cornuta.......... 00. eee 50
COVRUEA Lecce ccc es 51
—-— globiceps .............. 51
—— globiceps vi. cecececeees 50
Mexicana .............. 51
SIPHONOPHORID® .......... 49
Stphonotus . 6.066. 42
SPH#RIODESMIDEH .......... 117
Spheriodesmid@ . 00.66.0000. 112
SPH#RIODESMINE .......... 119
Sphertodesmin@é.......... 112,117
SPHMRIODESMUS .........-.. 119
Spheriodesmus...-...... 111,117,
127, 128, 129, 186
aANQustuS .......-...00, 128
ANGUSLUS voc eee ee 120,121
CoriaceuS 2... .. ce eee 125
COTUCEUS 2... ce eee 120, 122
digitatus .............. 124
—— digitatus .............. 120
—— gracilis ............ 128, 129
Medius ...........000.. 126
MEAWUS occ eee c cn ceuns 122
—— mexicanus ............ 125
MEXUCANUS . 6... eee 122, 126
—neglectus .............. 126
meglectUS .receerceveeee 12]

oniscus ......... pavew site 122

INDEX. 217

Page Page Page
Sphertodesmus oniscus. 120,121,125 | Spirobolus mystecus.......... 81 Stiodesmid@ 6... evssavvvcces 130
prehensor ...........+.. 123 | —— mystecus ........04.. 74, 75, STRONGYLODESMUS ,,........ 172
prehensor ...... 120, 121, 129 79, 80, 82, 83 Strongylodesmus .........0005 17],
—— robustus .............. 122 NARUUS 0... cece eee ees 88 178, 177, 184
robustus ........6. 120, 121, ntetanus........ 83, 84, 85, 86 —— CyanmeuS............006. 173
128, 125, 129 OMVACEUS 6 eee eee eee 66 —— cyaneUs ......... Le eeeee 174
——— SAUSSUTE] ..........00.. 126 PAPCUS ic ceccccecacaee 59 geddesi .............0.. 178
SAUSSUTEL eee cece 122 | —— platyops ............., 76 Geddest occ svecec cues 174
stilifer ..............5. 124 | —— platyops................ 74 VINIMIS vee c ene c eee 173
—— stilifer .......4.... 120, 121 reptalS ..........ee eens 83 Strongylosoma ........65 178, 180
SPIROBOLELLUS ...........- 86 TEPLANS 6... cee ee ec cceee 79 COCCINEUM Lo. ceca recenes 179
Sptrobolellus oo... ccc eee 89 ——stolli ........ cece 77 VErMUFOYME wicseceees .. 182
atriculus ............05 88 Stoll... sees ecceeee 74,75,78 | Strongylosomatide .......... 158
atriculus oo. .ccceceeees 87 tepanecus ...........46. 80 | STRONGYLOSOMIDH.......... 158
—— chrysodirus ..... 0.6655. 86 tepanecus.... 74,75, 79, 81, 82 Strongylosomid@ ......0..00s 113
nahuus ...........00 005 88 toltecus 6.6... cee ee cen 68 Strongylosomineé ........005.. 158
—— richardsoni ............ 87 | ——tzendalus .............. 82 Stylodesmid@ oo... 0... eee 130
-—— richardsoni .......... 86, 88 tzendalus .........645 77,78 | Stylodesmus 11... cece eevee 130
—— tylopus ................ 87 VUWANUS weverecevees 83, 86 Sulctferus oo. cc ceccreve cence 110
—— tylopus ....... 6.62 eee, 88 | SprroOSTREPTIDH.........005 90
SPIROBOLIDH .........00 00 59 | SprroSTREPTOIDEA.......... 90
. . THEATOPS 2... 0. eee e cece eee 28
SPIROBOLOIDEA ............ 59 | Spirostreptoidea...........55. 41 spinicaud 9g
Spiroboloidea ............ we. 4l | Spirostreptus .......... 91, 98, 105 — SPINICRNGA ees “
-, . TIRODESMUS ........0 0. ee eee 146
SPIROBOLUS ....0-- ese e eee 74 AMPUSSIS voce cvereeceee 102 Tivod 138
Spirobolus .......44. 59, 76, 83, 89 —— CONFY'AGOSUS oer cece 101 NODESTINS Coenen ences
. ‘ biolleyi ............000. 146
amulensis .,............ 79 fraternus..... cc sveee 98, 101 . .
. brolleyt voce eee eee eee 147
—— amulensis voi... eevee 75 MONEERUME vo. sr seerees 99 f
Loe fimbriatus voce cece eee 146
—— angusticollis ..........5. 70 ——_ OMALOPYGJE vv vec erevvces 108
. Trachelodesmus ..... cece eens 134
——— AREECUS Lecce cence eeeee 64 otomitus ..eseae 98, 99, 100 .
aye . . Trachytulus voce ccccecceees 104
—— brevicollis ... cc cee eee 69 VOUPUUCEE voc cc ec ee cenne 103 ae -
. i. . Trigontulus oo ccc vce cence 76
——— BUNGIE eevee cece 74 —_— , var. cortaceus ...... 108 ne a
aan Trigonostylus....cce cece ceaee 117
Chichimecus ....eeveeees 69 —— typotopyge occ ccceecceas 95 Tropisoma coceineum V7
——— AUGYO8t cece secccsevees 71 palmensis.......46 . 96 PrsOmnd COCOMONE www awww ‘
—— CXIMIUS........ eee eee 82 Stemmatotulus ..ccccereeeree 109
——— ELIMI oe eevee eens 75, 78 bioculatus .... eee eee 109 Unguipalpt... 0.0 cece eee eee 3
ferrugineus ....eecees .. 70 | STEMMIULIDA ..........0005 108 Urodesmus....cceceveees 130, 134
—— fossulifer ............6. 78 | STEMMIULOIDEA ..........+. 108 Urotropis ..csecceeceveeee 91, 92
fossultfer...ssceeee 75,77, 79 STEMMIULUS ......+-..e0eeee 109 CAVINGEUS oo cece c ccs 91, 92
—— godmani .............. 78 | Stemmiulus.. ccc. cee cece eeees 108
ba nnee 74 7 ioculatus.............. 109
godmans + 74,75, 76, a biocu ous Xystodesmid@ ...seveceveees 186
hagedusstt .... cee eee caee 70 | ——ceylonicus ......00. e000. 108
XYSTODESMINE ....e...00e, 186
heteropygus .....seees 83, 85 COMPPESSUS vee vevevee 108 .
NXystodesmin@ .....seeeccvee 118
—— hoplomerus ,.......+66. 76 | SrENODESMUS ......++...00- 187 Xystodes 186, 189
hoplomerus ...eeeevevee 74 Stenodesmus oo... ccevecaees 172 YoCOGESTUS wv ve ve wanes ?
—— mexicanus ............ 81 MeXiCANUS..........000, 187
——— MEXICANUS ev ceccveces 76 SECNONID Lo cee eee eee 138 | ZruUCTODESMUS ............ 185
—— monticola .............. 80 -—— bilineatd vs. .ec cee eeae 140 | Zeuctodesmus........... 171, 184
—— monticola ........ 000 74,79 | MELICANA wisveerecacaves 140 ceruleuS ..........005- 186

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Diplop., Apri/ 1910. 25

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET,

CHILOPODA.

PLATE I.

Fig. 1. Scutigera linceci, Wood, nat. size.

upperside of body and head.
generative forceps of 9.
Mein., nat. size.

upperside of body and head. (In this figure the borders

of the terga should be a little more convex and sinuate, and the stoma-saddles a trifle

3. Lithobius macroceros, sp. n., nat. size. @.

la. ” 2”
16. 3 ”
2. » nigro-vittata,
2a. ,,
longer.)
3 a. +) 3)
3 b. ”? a3
3 C. 3) 33
38d. ,, -

upperside of body and head.
eyes.

maxillipedes.

generative forceps of ?.

4. » pontifex, sp.n., nat. size. ¢.

4a. ,, » upperside of body and head.
4b. ,, » eyes.
4e. ,, » maxillipedes.
Ad. ,, » anal leg from above.
5. » humberti, sp. n., nat. size.
5a ,, ” upperside of body and head.
5b. ,, maxillipedes,
5c. ,, » legs of fourteenth and fifteenth pairs.
6. » godmani, sp. n., nat. size. g.
6a. ,, » upperside of body and head.
66. ,, ” maxillipedes.
6c. ,, » legs of fourteenth and fifteenth pairs.
7. » salvini, sp. n., nat. size. ¢.
7a. ~~ s, » upperside of body and head.
7b. Ca, » maxillipedes.
7C. 4, ” legs of fourteenth and fifteenth pairs.
7d. ,, » left half of generative forceps of ? .
8. ” vulcani, sp. n.: upperside of body and head.
8a. ,, am maxillipedes.
8b. ,, » legs of fourteenth and fifteenth pairs.
9. y decodontus, sp. n.: upperside of body and head.
9a. ,, ” maxillipedes.
9b. ” ” legs of fourteenth and fifteenth pairs.
10. » stolli, sp. n., nat. size. 9°.
10a. ,, » upperside of body and head.
108. sa, ” maxillipedes.
10c. ,, ” generative forceps of 9°.
ll. » aztecus, Humb. & Sauss., nat. size.
lla _,, upperside of body and head.
114. ,, » legs of fourteenth and fifteenth pairs.
lle. generative forceps of 9°.
12. _Seolopendra heros, Girard: head-plate.
12 » 7 left maxillary palp.
12 3. anal tergite and leg.

2) a?

l2c. 9 »

anal somite from the side.

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Wilson

Edwin

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CHILOPODA.

PLATE II.
Fig. 1. Scolopendra copeana, Wood, nat. size. Specimen from Chihuahua (Mexico).
la. » » head-plate.
1b. » ” maxillary palp.
le. ” » anal tergite and leg.
ld. 9 ” anal somite from the side.
2. ” viridis, Say, nat. size. Specimen from San Andres Tuxtla, belonging to the
subspecies azteca, Sauss.
2a. % 9 anal somite from below.
2b. - ” anal somite from the side.
2¢,2d. ,, » anal somite of specimen from San Diego (Texas).
2e,2f. ,, ” anal somite of a second specimen.
29,2h. ,, ” anal somite of a third specimen.
24. ? ” Specimen from the United States without special locality, showing
coloration of the type.
3. ” pachygnatha, sp. n., nat. size.
3a. 7 » maxillipedes.
3b. » ” anal somite from below.
4, » sumichrasti, Sauss. Specimen from British Honduras, reduced.
4a. ” 7” anal somite from below.
5. ” tenuitarsis, sp. n., nat. size.
5a. ” ” body and head magnified.
5b. - ” maxillipedes.
5. » - anal somite from below.
5d. ” ” abnormal anal leg.
6. ” punctiventris, Newp. Specimen from Omilteme. Nat. size.
6a. _ ” body and head enlarged.
6b. ” - maxillipedes.
6c. » ” anal somite from below.
7. ” pomacea, C. Koch: head.
7 a. 7 - anal somite from below.
8. » pyymea, sp. n.: body and head, much enlarged.
8a. ” y anal somite from above.
8 b. ” 7 anal somite from below.
8c. » ” anal leg, inner surface.
9. > » subspinipes, Leach: lower view of anal somite of specimen from Mexico.
10. Parotostigmus denticulatus, gen. et sp. n., nat. size.
10a. ” ” body and head, enlarged.
100. » ” maxillipedes.
10¢. - 7 anal somite from below.

ll. Rhysida longipes (Newp.) : anal somite from below.

Edwin Wilson. Cambridge

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CHILOPODA.

PLATE III.

Rhysida immarginata, Porat, nat. size (specimen from Belize): 1 @, enlarged view of dorsal
surface ; 1-8, maxillipedes ; 1c, anal somite from below.

. Otocryptops ferrugineus (Linn.), nat. size: 2a, dorsal surface enlarged ; 26, maxillipedes ;

2c, anal somite from the side.

. Otocryptops melanostoma (Newp.), nat. size (specimen from Guatemala) : 3 a, dorsal surface ;

3 6, maxillipedes; 3c, anal somite from the side.

. Scolopendrides stolli, sp. n., outline view of dorsal surface: 4a, enlarged view of head and

first tergite; 46, ditto of maxillipedes ; 4c, ditto of external view of anal leg and pleura.

. Newportia spinipes, sp. n., nat. size: 5a, dorsal surface enlarged; 5 6, head and first

tergite ; 5c, maxillipedes ; 5d, lateral view of anal leg and apex of pleura.

. Newportia rogersi, sp.n., nat. size: 6a, dorsal surface enlarged ; 6 6, head and first tergite ;

6c, maxillipedes ; 6 d, lateral view of anal leg and apex of pleura.

. Geophilus aztecus, Humb. & Sauss., anterior end from above: 7 a, maxillipedes ;

7 6, posterior end from above; 7 c, posterior end from below.

. Geophilus toltecus, Humb. & Sauss., anterior end from above: 8 a, maxillipedes ;

8 b, posterior end from above; 8 c, posterior end from below.

. Geophilus stolli, sp. n., anterior end from above: 9 a, maxillipedes ; 9 8, posterior end from

above, ¢; 9c, posterior end from below, ¢ ; 9d, anal leg from above, °.

. Geophilus salvini, sp. n., anterior end from above: 104, maxillipedes ; 10 J, posterior end

from above, ? ; 10, posterior end from below, ?.

.. Geophilus godmani, sp. n., anterior end from above: 11 a, maxillipedes; 11 4, posterior end

from above, ? ; 11 c, posterior end from below, ¢.

. Chomatophilus smithi, gen. et sp. n., anterior end from above: 12a, maxillipedes ;

12 6, posterior end from above; 12 c, posterior end from below; 12d, lateral view of two
median segments.

Chomatobius mexicanus, Humb. & Sauss., anterior end from above: 13 a, anterior end from
below ; 13 4, posterior end from above ; 18 c, posterior end from below; 13 d, lateral view
of two median segments. (Figures taken from an example obtained by Mr. W. Taylor at
San Diego, Texas.)

Orphneus brevilabiatus (Newp.), anterior end from above : 14a, maxillipedes ; 14 5, posterior
end from above; 14 c, posterior end from below ; 14 d, lateral view of a median segment.
(Specimen from Tampico, Tamaulipas.)

Notiphilides maximiliani, Humb. & Sauss., anterior end from above: 15 a, maxillipedes ;
15 5, posterior end from above; 15, posterior end from below ; 15 d, lateral view of two
median segments. (Specimen from Teapa, Tabasco.)

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DIPLOPODA.

PLATE IV.

Fig. 1. Platydesmus perpictus, sp. n.. x14: 1a, lateral view of first and second segments ;
1 4, dorsal view of first and second segments; 1c, ventral view of head and first three
segments ; 1d, ventral view of first eight segments of male, showing eight pairs of legs
in front of copulatory organs (partially diagrammatic) ; 1 e, dorsal view of two segments
of the mid-region of the body ; 1, ventral view of four segments in the mid-region of
the body (same scale as 1c); 1g, posterior extremity of body (same scale as 1c and 1/f);
1A, sternum and leg of segment in mid-region of body; 1%, legs of second pair in male
(g-, genital papilla) ; 1, transverse section of segment (tg., tergum; &., keel; pi., pleural
membrane ; s¢., sternum).

. Platydesmus hirudo, sp. n., x1}: 2a, anterior view of head; 24, anterior extremity of
body ; 2c, two segments of mid-region ; 2d, posterior extremity ; 2¢, copulatory organs
of male with anterior leg of right side removed (partially diagrammatic).

. Platydesmus anaiis, sp. n., X15: 3 a, anterior view of head; 3, dorsal view of head and
first two segments; 3c, anterior extremity of body from above ; 3d, two segments of
the mid-region from above ; 3 e, posterior extremity; 3,f, sternum and basal segments
of leg of mid-region of body ; 34g, ventral view of four segments of mid-region.

. Platydesmus triangulifer, sp. n., x14: 4a, head and first three segments from belw ;
46, head and first two segments from above; 4c, anterior extremity from above ;
4d, two segments of mid-region from above ; 4 e, posterior extremity from above.

. Plaiydesmus lineatus, sp. n., x 14: 5 a, head and first two segments from above; 5 }, anterior
extremity from above ; 5c, two segments of mid-region from above ; 5d, posterior

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1,lJagz PLATYDESMUS PERPICTUS. 3,3a-gPLATYDESMUS ANALIS
2,Aa-e » HIRUDO. Ada-e » TRIANGULIFER.
5,5a-g PLATYDESMUS LINEATUS.

A.T.Hollick del. J.Green lth.

Mint ern Bros amp.

Fig.

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DIPLOPODA.

PLATE V.

. Platydesmus hirudo, sp. n., head and first two segments from above.

Platydesmus mesomelas, sp. n., head and first two segments from above.
Platydesmus marmoreus, sp. n., head and first two segments from above.

. Siphonophora cornuta, sp. n., lateral view of anterior end of body; 4a, head, antenne, and

fore part of first tergal plate from above.
Siphonophora brevicornis, sp. n., anterior extremity from above ; 5a, ditto from the side.
Siphonophora globiceps, sp. n., head and first tergal plate from above; 64a, anterior
extremity from the side.

. Cleidogona godmani, sp.n., anterior extremity from the side ; 7 a, one of the segments from

the mid-region of the body; 7 4, last two tergal plates; 7c, ventral view of sixth and
seventh segments, showing the basal segment of seventh leg (a), the phallopod (b), and
the proximal end of the ninth leg (c), in situ; 7d, left phallopod from the outer side
(6, terminal recurved portion) ; 7e, right leg of ninth pair (¢) from behind (a and 4,
the two divisions of the long basal segment; c, second segment).

Cleidogona stolli, sp.n., external portion of phallopods from below, compare with fig. 7 ¢ (4) ;
8 a, lateral view of left phallopod, to compare with 7d; 84, first segment (a) and part
of second segment (c) of ninth leg (¢) from behind, to compare with 7e; 8c, sternal
plates and coxze of tenth and eleventh legs, showing extruded coxal pouches (a) and
processes (6).

. Paraiulus amulensis, sp.un., g, left leg of first pair from behind; 9a, appendages &c. of

second pair (a, sterno-coxal plate with median processes (4), emargination (c) for
penis, and palpiform appendage (d); the vertical deep-lying portion of sternal plate
omitted); 95, anterior appendages of seventh segment from the front (a, sternal plate ;
6, internal, c, external branches with proximal sclerites) ; 9c, phallopods from behind
(a, anterior ; 5, posterior ; and c, external branches) ; 9 d, phallopod of left side, external
view (lettering as in 9c).

Paraiulus aztecus, sp. n., ¢, sternal plate and appendages of second pair from below
(lettering &c. as in 9a); 104, anterior appendages of seventh segment, partially pro-
truded (lettering as in 9 6); 104, phallopods, posterior view (lettering as in 9c).

Paraiulus stylifer, sp. u., 3, anterior appendages of seventh segment from the front
(lettering as in 9 6); 11 a, phallopods, posterior view (lettering as in 9c).

Rhinocricus rogersi, sp. n. (a, head and anterior two tergal plates from the side; 6, segment
of mid-region of body; c, anal segment) : 12 a, appendages of seventh segment of 3,
anterior aspect (a, median plate; 6, anterior plate; c, posterior plate of first pair ;
d, phallopod) ; 12 4, the same from behind (lettering as in 12a),

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Q 9 MESOMELAS. 6,6a ” GLOBICEPS. 10,10a,b ” AZTECUS.
3 ” MARMOREUS. 7,7%a-e CLEIDOGONA GODMANI. ile » STYLIFER.
44a SIPHONOPHORA CORNUTA. 8,8a-c ) STOLLI. 12,12a,6 RHINOCRICUS ROGERSI.

AT. Hollick del. J.Greenlith. Mintern Bros.imp.

10.
ll.

. Rhinocricus omilteme, sp.n.: 12a, scobina; 12 6, anterior aspect of copulatory apparatus ;

DIPLOPODA.

PLATE VI.

(The line drawn in front of the figures of the scobina represents the anterior
border of the tergal plate.)

. Rhinocricus aurocinctus, sp. n.: 1 a, lateral view of anterior extremity, of a tergal plate of

the middle of the body, and of the posterior extremity; 10, dorsal view of one of the
terga, the posterior edge uppermost, to show the form and position of the scobine;
le,scobina; 1d, antenna of male; le, dorsal view of extremity of anal tergal plate ;
1 f, anterior seven pairs of legs of the male; 1g, anterior aspect of the copulatory
apparatus, the phallopods protruding inferiorly ; 1, extremity of phallopod.

. Rhinocricus stolli, sp. n., scobina.
. Rhinocricus smithi, sp. n.: 8a, lateral view of anterior extremity, of a tergal plate of

the middle of the body, and of the posterior extremity ; 3, dorsal view of the extremity
of anal segment from above; 8c, scobina; 3d, antenna of male; 3e, anterior aspect of
copulatory apparatus, with phallopods shown at the side; 3 f, extremity of phallopod.

. Rhinocricus aposematus, sp.n.: 4a, antenna of male; 40, scobina; 4c, upper portion

of anal segment seen from the side; 4d, anterior aspect of copulatory apparatus ;
4e, extremity of phallopod.

. Rhinocricus tristani, sp. n.: 5a, antenna of male; 546, scobina; 5c, anterior aspect: of

copulatory apparatus ; 5 d, extremity of phallopod.

. Rhinocricus rivi, sp. n.: 6a, antenna of male; 64, upper portion of anal segment ;

6c, scobina; 6d, anterior aspect of copulatory apparatus; 6e, extremity of phallopod.

. Rhinocricus salleanus, sp. u., scobina.
. Rhinocricus atoyacus, sp. n.: 8a, scobina; 8 4, anterior aspect of copulatory apparatus ;

8c, extremity of phallopod.

. Rhinocricus scobinatus, sp. n.: 9a, inferior portion of first tergal plate; 90, antenna of

male; 9c, scobina; 9d, anterior aspect of copulatory apparatus; 9 e, upper portion
of anal segment.

Rhinocricus olivaceus (Newp.), scobina.

Rhinocricus marci, sp. n., scobina.

12 ¢, phallopod.

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RLP &AT.Hdel. d.Green lith.et imp.-

Fig. 1.

DIPLOPODA.

PLATE VII.

Spirobolus godmani, sp. n.: 1 a, lateral view of anterior extremity, of a tergal plate of the
middle of the body, and of the posterior extremity; 14, lower surface of anterior end
of body of male showing the legs of the anterior seven pairs; le, anterior aspect of
copulatory apparatus; 1d, posterior aspect of the copulatory apparatus; 1 e, anterior
aspect of extremity of right phallopod.

. Spirobolus fossulifer, sp. n.: 2a, basal segments of the legs of the anterior six pairs;

2b, infero-lateral portions of the anterior three tergal plates ; 2c, infero-lateral portion
of eighth tergal plate from the end of the body to show the striz and serrulation ;
2 d, anterior aspect of copulatory apparatus ; 2 e, distal extremity of right phallopod.

. Spirobolus stolli, sp. nu. (¢ from Pachuta): 3a, infero-lateral portions of anterior four

tergal plates showing the shape of the postero-lateral angles of the second and third
plates ; 36, basal segments of the legs from the third to the seventh pairs; 3c, anterior
aspect of copulatory apparatus; 3d, posterior aspect of the same with the anterior
portion removed ; 3e, right phallopod from behind.

Spirobolus stolli (?) (2 from Costa Cuca): infero-lateral portions of anterior four tergal
plates for comparison with fig. 3 a.

. Spirobolus hoplomerus, sp. n.: infero-lateral portion of eighth tergal plate from the end of

the body to show the strong crests and spine-armature.

. Cyclothyrophorus salvini, gen. et sp. n.: 6a, lateral view of head and first two tergal

plates to show the extent of the exposure of the mandible ; 6 J, dorsal aspect of anal
segment to show the convexity of the valves; 6c, anterior aspect of the copulatory
apparatus ; 6d, right phallopod.

. Spirobolellus richardsoni, sp. u.: 7 a, lateral view of anterior extremity of a tergal plate of

the middle of the body and of the posterior extremity ; 7 6, anterior aspect of copulatory
apparatus ; 7c, posterior aspect of the same; 7d, anterior aspect of left phallopod;
7 e, posterior aspect of the same.

. Spirobolellus tylopus, sp. n.: 8 a, anterior aspect of copulatory apparatus ; 8 J, posterior view

of posterior laminz of coleopods; 8c, phallopod; 8d, extremity of third leg of male
showing swollen tarsus, minute claw, and membranous sensory papilla on protarsus.

. Spirobolellus atriculus, sp. n.: 9a, anterior aspect of copulatory apparatus; 96, posterior

aspect of posterior laminz of coleopods; 9c, third leg of male to compare with fig. 8 d.

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la-e SPIROBOLUS GODMANI. 4 SPIROBOLUS STOLLI? Ja-e SPIROBOLELLUS RICHARDSON!
2a-e ” FOSSULIFER. 5 - HOPLOMERUS. 8a—-d a TYLOPUS.
STOLL. 6a-d CYCLOTHYROPHORUS SALVINI. QYa-c a ATRICULUS.
3.Green hth et ime

gare +s
RAP & ATH. del.

Fig. 1.

POR WS

DIPLOPODA.

PLATE VIII.

Anterior aspect of copulatory apparatus of Orthoporus striatulus: a, anterior lamina of
coleopod; 6, extremity of posterior lamina; c, phallopod with funnel-shaped end
guarding seminal stile s.

Ditto of Orthoporus chiriquensis.

” 7 cordovanus.
” - teapensis.
» ” amulensis.

Ligiodesmus pusillus, gen. et sp. n., lateral view: 6a, head and first two tergal plates
from the front; 6, posterior extremity from behind; 6c, antenna; 6d, phallopods
from below; 6¢, phallopods viewed from the right side—c, coxal segment, f, femoral
segment, ext., external laminate branch, int., internal branch ending in seminal stile s.

. Spheriodesmus robustus, sp. n., lateral view: 7a, head, antenne, and first three tergal

plates (1, 2, 3) viewed from the front; 7, lateral portions (keels) of the fourth,
fifth, and sixth tergal plates (4, 5, 6); 7c, lateral view of the last four tergal plates ;
7d, posterior view of the same (17, 18,19, 20) : 7 e, posterior end of the body viewed
from below ; 7 /, leg of first pair of male; 74, phallopods viewed in situ from below ;
7 h, phallopods from the side.

. Spheriodesmus oniscus, sp. n., lateral view of keels of fourth, fifth, and sixth (4, 5, 6)

segments: 8 a, phallopods in setu from below; 8 4, external view of phallopod.
Spheriodesmus prehensor, sp. n., phallopods in situ from below; 9a, lateral view of
phallopods.

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AMULENSIS

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CHIRIQUENSIS, &
CORDOVANDS. 6.6e LIGIO

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2
3
RIP &ATAH del.

4
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d.Gr¢en lith.et imp.

Fig. 1.

DIPLOPODA.

PLATE IX.

Sphariodesmus angustus, sp. n., keels of fourth, fifth, and sixth tergal plates: 1a, lateral
view of posterior extremity ; 15, posterior view of the same; 1c, inferior view of last
three segments; 1d, phallopods viewed in situ from below; 1e, socket of phallopods;
1 f, lateral view of phallopods; 1g, first leg of male.

Spheriodesmus stilifer, sp. n., keels of fourth, fifth, and sixth tergal plates: 2a, lateral
view of posterior extremity ; 2, phallopods viewed in situ from below; 2, lateral view
of phallopods.

Spheriodesmus digitatus, sp. n., keels of fourth, fifth, and sixth tergal plates: 3 a, inferior
view of eleventh segment, showing the sinuous shape of the posterior border charac-
teristic of Spheriodesmus ; 3b, phallopods viewed in situ from below; 3 ¢, lateral view of
extremity of phallopod ; 34d, first leg of male.

Spheriodesmus coriaceus, sp. n., phallopods viewed in situ from below: 4a, internal aspect
of phallopod; 448, first leg of male (represented too short and thick).

. Cylionus constrictus, sp.u., lateral view of anterior extremity : 5 a, lateral view of posterior

extremity; 506, inferior view of eleventh segment, to show the straightness of the
posterior border (to compare with 3a); 5c, phallopods viewed in situ from below;
5d, inferior aspect of phatlopods seen more obliquely; 5¢e, lateral view of external
aspect of phallopod; 5/f, first leg of male.

J.Green lith.et imp.

AT

US CORIACEUS.

|
a

5_5f CYLIONUS CONSTRICTUS.

33d SPHARIODESMUS DIGITATUS 4.4b SPHERIODESM

STILIFER.

PHA RIODESMUS ANGUSTUS.

3
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i

DIPLOPODA.
PLATE X.

Fig. 1. Lophodesmus laminatus, sp.u., 3: dorsal aspect, enlarged.

la. 7 > right half of the fifth tergal plate, to show shape of keel.

10. - ” leg of fourth segment.

le. 7 ” dorsal aspect of 19th and 20th segments.

ld. 5 ” ventral view of seventh segment, showing the phaliopods
in situ and the sternum and basal segments of the legs.

le. » , posterior aspect of phallopods and of basal segments of
the legs.

lf. »» 9% anterior aspect of phallopods.

lg. » » enlarged view of internal portion of right phallopod

from below.
2. Lophodesmus celatus, sp. u.: dorsal aspect of anterior end of body.

2 a. ” > dorsal aspect of keel of 13th segment.

3. Lophodesmus perparvus, sp. u.: dorsal aspect of keel of 13th segment.

3a. ” ” dorsal aspect of 19th and 20th segments.

4. Peridontodesmus flagellatus, sp. u.: dorsal aspect of anterior extremity of body.

4a. ” % ditto 13th segment.

4 b. - » ditto 19th and 20th segments.

Ac. ” - ditto anal sternal plate.

Ad. 7 > ditto antenna.

4e. . » 7 ditto sternum and leg of ninth segment, ? .
Af. 7 ” ditto lateral aspect of left phallopod from the

outer side in situ.

4g. 9 7 " ditto inferior aspect of the same, with the
right phallopod removed.

5. Peridontodesmus hirsutus, sp. u.: dorsal aspect of first three segments.

5a. %» - ditto 13th segment.

6. Platyrachus tristani, sp. n.: caudal process.

6a. ” » right keel of tenth segment.

6b. - » distal end of phallopod from the outer side.

7. Platyrachus montivagus, Carl: distal extremity of phallopod from the outer side.
7 a. ” - phallopods in situ from below.

7b. yy » - » the side.

8. Platyrachus stenopterus, Brol.: caudal process.

8 a. % ” distal extremity of phallopod from the inner side.
8b. » - phallopod in situ from below.

8c. » 7 ” ” the side.

9. Tirodesmus biolleyi, Carl: caudal process.
9a. 7 » right keel of tenth segment.
9b. » , phallopods in situ from below.

\

Biol bentrbm Diplopode Gab 0

FFT ATTY AN
a |

1_l¢ LOPHODESMUS LAMINATUS. 44g PERIDONTODESMUS FLAGELLATUS. 7_7b PLATYRACHUS MONTIVAGUS.
Q-2a. % CELATUS. 55a a HIRSUTUS. 8_8c . STENOPTERUS.
o_3a s PERPARVUS. 6_6b PLATYRACHUS TRISTANI. 9. 9b TIRODESMUS -BIOLLEY1].

‘A TH.& RIP del. d.Green. lith.et imp.

Fig. 1.
la.
1 6.
le.

ld.

le.

Aa.
Ab.

4.

Ad.
Ae.
Af.
5.

Da.

5 Ob.

5.
5d.

5e.

DIPLOPODA.

PLATE XI.

Amplinus palicaudatus, Attems: anterior extremity.

3°

Amplinus flavicornis, sp.

3)

3)

39

39

39

2)

3)

39

99

three median segments.

posterior extremity.

phallopods from below.

phallopods from the side.

extremity of the two phallopods seen obliquely, showing
alteration in shape of branches according to the point
of view.

n.: anterior extremity.

two median segments.

posterior extremity.

phallopods from below,

phallopods from the side.

extremity of phallopod from below.

extremity of left phallopod from the inner side.

Amplinus nitidus, Brél.: extremity of left phallopod from the inner side.
Amplinus areatus, sp. n.: anterior extremity.

3)

3)

39

Amplinus klugi, Brandt :

3)

3)

39

3)

29

BP)

three median segments.

posterior extremity.

phallopods from below.

left phallopod from the outer side.

extremity of left phallopod from the inner side.
extremity of phallopods from below.

anterior extremity.

terga of tenth and eleventh segments.
posterior extremity.

phallopods from below.

phallopods from the side.

inner surface of left phallopod from two different aspects.

(Figures taken from specimen from Jalapa in the British Museum, identified as A. klugi, Br.)
6.. Amplinus armatus, sp. u.: anterior extremity.

6a.

6 6.
7.

7 a.
7 O.

br)

29

99

39

terga of tenth and eleventh segments.
posterior extremity.

Amplinus triramus, sp. n.: anterior extremity.

39

9)

terga of ninth, tenth, and eleventh segments.

posterior extremity.

18th, 19th, and 20th segments from below.

phallopods from below.

phallopods from the side.

right phallopod shown slightly obliquely from the inner side.
extremity of right phallopod from below.

extremity of right phallopod from the outer side.

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lle AMPLINUS PALICAUDATUS. 38. AMPLINUS NITIDUS. 6 _6b AMPLINUS ARMATUS.
Page . FLAVICORNIS A_Af vs AREATUS. 77h TRIRAMUS.
5 Se - KLUGII.

AJ.H.& RIP del. d.Green. lith et imp.

' DIPLOPODA.

PLATE XII.
Fig. 1. Polylepiscus furcifer, sp. n.: anterior extremity.
la ,, ” ' terga of 10th and 11th segments.
16. - ” posterior extremity.
le. 7 » keel of 16th segment.
1 d. > 18th, 19th, and 20th segments from below.
le. ” ” phallopods from below.
lf. , 3 extremity of right phallopod from below.
lg. » ” left phallopod from the side.
Lh. » ” ditto (much enlarged).
2. Polylepiscus acteon, sp. n.: 10th and 11th terga.
2a. 7 posterior extremity.
26. _ ,, » 18th, 19th, and 20th segments from below.
2 ¢. » ” tergum of 16th segment.
3. Polylepiscus stollt, sp. n.: anterior extremity. ,
3a, ” , terga of 11th and 12th segments.
3b. ” ” posterior extremity.
3c. ” ” keel of 16th segment.
3d. 7 » 18th, 19th, and. 20th segments from below.
4, Dirhabdophallus montanus, sp. n.: anterior extremity.
4a. » » terga of 10th and 11th segments.
4b. ” > posterior extremity.
Ac. - » keel of 13th segment.
Ad, ” - keels of 10th and 11th segments.
Ae. ” ” 18th, 19th, and 20th segments from below.
A f. ” 9 phallopods from below.
4g. ” » left phallopod from the outside.
5. Dirhabdophallus granosus, Carl: keel of 13th segment.
5a. » ” phallopods from below.
5b. 7 » left phallopod from the outside.
6. Dirhabdophallus spatulatus, sp. n.: anterior extremity.
6a. 7 - terga of 10th and 11th segments.
6 6. » ” posterior extremity.
6c. ” - phallopods from below, the two seen from slightly

different aspects.
7. Dirhabdophallus ensiger, sp. u.: phallopods and sternal area of 7th segment from below.

ay, : pee Lif ff j
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Sih POLYLEPISCUS FURCIFER. 33d POLYLEPISCUS STOLL. 6_6c DIRHABDOPHALLUS SPATULATUS.
2c $s ACTAON. 4_Ags DIRHABDOPHALLUS MONTANUS. 7 ss ENSIGER.,
5_5b © = GRANOSUS.

A. T.H.& RIP. del. d.Green lith.et imp.

Fig. 1. Dirhabdophallus ensiger, sp. 0.
tracheal rods and calcaria.

DIPLOPODA.

PLATE XIII.

: basal (coxal) ‘segments of the phallopods to show the

2. Dirhabdophallus montanus, sp. n.: leg of 7th segment of ¢.

3. Phylactophallus stenomerus, gen.

et sp. u., ¢ : anterior extremity.
terga of 10th and 11th segments.
posterior extremity.
leg of 3rd pair.
anal segment from below.
phallopods from below.
phallopod from inner side.
phallopod and part of 7th segment from
outer side.
extremity of phallopod from outer side.

4, Eutyporhachis tessellatus, gen. et sp. n., ¢: phallopods from below.

3a. » ¥
3b. ” 3
3. ” ”
3d. » ”
3eé. » ”
3 f. 33 39
3g. ” : ”
Sh. 39 9
4a. ” ”

4b. ” ”

Ac. ” a

5. Strongylodesmus geddesi, sp. n. :

phallopods from the side.
tergum of 10th segment.
leg of 7th segment to compare with that of
Dirhabdophallus montanus, fig. 2.
phallopods from the side.
phallopods from below.
anal sternal plate.
1st tergal plate.

6. Pararhachistes vertebratus, gen. et sp. n., 2: anterior extremity.

Da, ” ”
5 b. 3) 39
5e. ” o
6 a. 99 a2
6 b. » ”
6 Cc. a 39
6 d. BP) 39
6 e. » »

7. Pararhachistes elevatus, sp. un.

7a. ” ”
7b. > a
7¢C. » »
7d. 29 ”

terga of 10th and 1]th segments.

posterior extremity.

antenna.

lateral view of anterior extremity, showing
the ovipositors protruding from the 8rd
segment behind the legs of the 2nd pair.

18th, 19th, and 20th segments from below.

: lateral view of anterior extremity of 2 to compare with

fig. 6d.
lower view of 38rd and 4th segments of ? , to show the large
genital orifice with raised rim and protruding ovipositors.
basal segments of legs of 2nd pair in g, to show long
subcylindrical genital processes. .
inner aspect of extracted left phallopod, to show the absence
of the calcar and the pit upon the 2nd segment, &c.
right phallopod from the outer side.

1 DIRHABDOPHALLUS ENSIGER. 3_3h PHYLACTOPHALLUS STENOMERUS. 6_Ge. PARARHACHISTES VERTEBRATUS.
Ps a MONTANUS. 4-4c EUTYPORHACHIS TESSELLATUS. 7 7d 99 ELEVATUS.

5 5c STRONGYLODESMUS GEDDESI.
AT.H. & R.1-P. del. J.Green. lith et imp.

DIPLOPODA.

PLATE XIV.

Fig. 1. Pararhachistes elevatus, sp. n., 9: anterior extremity.

la.
13.
le.

33

99

99

3)

99

99

terga of 10th and 11th segments.
posterior extremity.
3: phallopods from below.

2. Aceratophallus unicolor, Carl: anal sternal plate.
83. Pammicrophallus ornatus, gen. et sp. n., 2: anterior extremity:

3 a.
3 6.
3 C.
3d.
3 e.

3 f.
39:

Bh.
3 2.

be)

3)

39

33

bP)

39

))

terga of 10th and 11th segments.
posterior extremity.
anal sternal plate.
keel of 9th segment of male.
lower view of part of 7th segment of male, showing
socket of phallopods and sternal area.
sternum and basal segments of legs of 4th segment
of male.
basal segments of legs of 2nd pair, showing genital
processes.
phallopods extracted, showing long tracheal rods &c.
lateral view of left phallopod extruded, its anterior
surface to the left.

4. Paminicrophallus pictus, sp. n.: keel of 9th segment of male.

4a.

4b.

3D

99

”

”

lateral view of the phallopods, their anterior aspect to the
right.

posterior aspect of phallopods, the two seen from slightly
different positions.

5. Zeuctodesmus ceruleus, gen. et sp. 0.: anterior extremity.

5 a.
5 O.

Bj.

3)

oY

39

39

dy

terga of 10th, 11th, and 12th segments.

posterior extremity.

lateral view of head and first three segments.

dorsal view of 9th segment ( ¢ ).

posterior end from below.

phallopods, partially extruded, from the front.

phallopods, extruded, showing the long tracheal rods
&c., viewed from the front.

lateral view of extruded phallopod, its anterior surface
to the right.

lower view of part of 7th segment of 2, the legs
removed, showing the small phallopods partially
retracted.

inferior view of genital orifice of ¢?, the legs
removed.

6. Rhysodesmus montezume, Sauss.: phallopods from below.

6a.

39

3?

right phallopod from the outside.

7. Rhysodesmus pusillus, sp. n.: phallopods from below.

7 a.

PP)

right phallopod from the outside.

8. Rhysodesmus totanacus, Sauss.: phallopods from belew.

8a.

PP)

3)

right phallopod from the outside.

Bicb-banteAm Diplspoda Jat. 14

'
iy.

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Etta ts
Cf

44b PAMMICROPHALLUS PICTUS. 6,6a RHYSODESMUS MONTEZUME.
PUSILLUS.

lle PARARHACHISTES ELEVATUS.
2. ACERATOPHALLUS UNICOLOR. 6.53 ZEUCTODESMUS CARULEUS. 7 ,7a- .
8,8a = TOTANACUS.
d.Green lith et imp

3_31 PAMMICROPHALLUS ORNATUS.
A.T.H.& R.LP del. :

DIPLOPODA.

PLATE XV.

Fig. 1. Rhysodesmus limax, Sauss. : extremity of phallopod from inner side.
la. - » sternum and legs of 11th segment of g. (These two figures
taken from specimen in the British Museum identified by
me as R. limaz.)
2. Rhysodesmus tabascensis, sp. n., 2 : sternum and leg of 9th segment.

Qa. 7 » lateral view of keel and interzonal area of 9th
segment,

3. Rhysodesmus stolli, sp. n.: anterior extremity.

3a. ” » phallopods from below.

36. > » left phallopod from outside.

4. Rhysodesmus godmani, sp. n., 6: anterior extremity.

4a. » » phallopods from below.

46. » > left phallopod from outside.

4 ¢. » ” sternum and leg of 9th segment.

Ad. » » lateral view of keel and interzonal area of 9th segment.

5. Rhysodesmus salvini, sp. n.: phallopods from below.

5a. » a left phallopod from outside.

6. Rhysodesmus flavocinctus, sp. n.: phallopods from below.

6a. ” » left phallopod from outside.

7. Rhysodesmus attemsi, sp. n.: phallopods from below.

7 a, » » right phallopod from outside.

7 Ob. » - keel of 9th segment.

8. Rhysodesmus montezume, Sauss., fg : keel of 9th segment.
9. Rhysodesmus pusillus, sp. n.: keel of 8th segment.
10. Rhysodesmus notostictus, sp. u.: left phallopod from below.

10 a. ” » left phallopod from outside.

ll. Rhysodesmus inustus, sp. 0.: phallopods from below.

lla. 99 ” left phallopod from the outside.

12. Rhysodesmus smithi, sp. n.: phallopods from below.

12a. ” - right phallopod from outside.

13. Rhysodesmus arcuatus, sp. v.: phallopods from below.

13a. » - right phallopod from outside.

13 6. - » right phallopod from inner side and from a slightly different
position, to show coxal calcar and groove.

13. » » posterior end of body from below.

13 d. » ” anterior extremity.

13 e. ” » posterior extremity.

14, Rhysodesmus angelus, Karsch: right phallopod from outside (after Attems).
15. Rhysodesmus violaceus, Brél.: extremity of phallopod (after Brélemann).

Bol Donte fo Lp lofoda Lhe

A.

PLAS LE LITE
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LLA LALLA LLL iL
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Ila.
1,laRHYSODESMUS LIMAX. 6,6a RHYSODESMUS FLAVOCINCTUS. ll,lla RHYSODESMUS INUSTUS.
Oem : TABASCENSIS 77h. a ATTEMSI. l2, 12a “a SMITHI.
3_3b ; STOLL. 8. * MONTEZUME. 13_13e os ARCUATUS.
Ad ie GODMANI. a. a PUSILLUS. 14. - ANGELUS.
5,85 . SALVINI. 10,10a. 4 NOTOSTICIUS. Ib. VIOLACEUS.

ATH. & RIP del.

d.Green lith et imp.

acc TEE CT

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