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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
VOLUME 117 NUMBERS 3508-3521
i's I Ncap Milonic x 0 On i
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1966
Publications of the United States National Museum
The scientific publications of the United States National Museum include two series, Proceedings of the United States National Museum and United States National Museum Bulletins.
In these series are published original articles and monographs dealing with the collections and work of the Museum and setting forth newly acquired facts in the fields of anthropology, biology, geology, history, and technology. Copies of each publication are distributed to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the various subjects.
The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate form, of shorter papers. These are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with the publication date of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume.
In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 1875, appear longer, separate publications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts) and volumes in which are collected works on related subjects. Bulletins are either octavo or quarto in size, depending on the needs of the presentation. Since 1902, papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum have been published in the Bulletin series under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium.
Frank A. TAYLor Director, United States National Museum
Ir
a
CONTENTS
Pages
BausBAuGH, Epwarp U., Jr. Genus Lexiphanes of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Eight figures. No. 3521, published January 18, 1966_----_-_-_- 655-680
New combinations: Lexiphanes affinis, L. saponatus,
BarNarD, J. LAurRENS. Marine Amphipoda of Atolls in Micronesia. Thirty-five figures. No. 3516, published MOREY NA SST CIE sch 0 OO ie 20 A ot eee eg ke 459-552
New family: Beaudettiidae.
New genera: Azotostoma, Beaudettia, Liagoceradocus, Ronco.
New species: Anamixis falarikia, Azotostoma fusta, Beaudettia palmeri, Elasmopus atolgidus, Lembos bryopsis, Leucothoe hyhelia, L. micronesiae, Liagoceradocus pusillus, Megamphopus abbotti, Parelasmopus resacus, Podocerus talegus, Ronco sosa.
BousFigup, E.L. Haustoriidae of New England (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Thirty-one figures. No. 3512, published ETS BST Oa Ls ESS Se es eRe © cee oe SOO WEE NT 159-240
New subfamilies: Haustortinae, Pontoporeivinae.
New genera: Acanthohaustorius, Neohaustorius, Parahaustorius, Protohaustorius, Pseudohaustorius.
New species: Acanthohaustorius intermedius, A. millsi, A. shoe- makeri, Neohaustorius biarticulatus, N. schmitzi, Parahaustorius attenuatus, P. holmesi, P. longimerus, Protohaustorius deichman- nae, P, wigleyi, Pseudohaustorius borealis, P. caroliniensis.
Capps, Haun W. A review of the genus Hamibachia Dyar with descriptions of new species (Lepidoptera: Cram- bidae). Six figures. No. 3520, published December 13,
Pema se ee oe ee ee UP ih be taney te 629-654
New species: Haimbachia albescens, H. arizonensis, H. cochisensis,
H. diminutalis, H. floridalis, H. indistinctalis, H. pallescens.
New combination: Alamogordia prosenes.
Cxiarkk, J. F. Gates. Microlepidoptera of Juan Fernandez Islands.* Fifty-eight figures and one plate. No. 3508, parianod July. 1S.0UGG8. Taloreekd lee OY Ate 1-106
New genera: Anchimompha, Echinoglossa, Eudolichura, Giorgia, Leuroperna, Nesochoris, Parasuleima, Pseudarla,
*Errata: On p. 105 transpose Tinea pellionea trom family Oinophilidae to family Tineidae, following Tinea pallescentella.
Tit
IV CONTENTS
New species: Anchimompha melaleuca, Crambus divus, Echinoglasso trinota, Eudolichura exuta, Fernandocrambus arcus, F. corvus, F. fundus, F. kuscheli, F. oxyechus, I’. truncus, Giorgia crena, Gnori- moschema hemilitha, G. melanolepis, Juania abbreviata, J. byssi- fera, J. chiloma, J. derelicta, J. glareola, J. grisea, J. imitator, J. imperfecta, J. loxia, J. magnifica, J. minima, J. nitidissima, J. paraloxia, J. parva, J. pepita, J. xerophylla, Leuroperna leioptera, Loxostege oxalis, Melitonympha telluris, Mnesictena tetragramma, Nanodacna indiscriminata, Nesochoris brachystigma, N. holo- grapha, Pseudarla miranda, Pyrausta louvinia, Scorparia dela, S. matuta, S. pyraustoides.
New combinations: Gnorimoschema absoluta, Martyrhilda relegata, Ocobia ragonotii, Parasuleima insulana.
Couette, Bruce B. Systematic significance of breeding tubercles in fishes of the family Percidae. Seven figures. No. 3518, published December 7, 1965____.._____-____-
GonzAuEz, JUAN G., and Bowman, Tuomas E. Planktonic Copepods from Bahia Fosforescente, Puerto Rico, and adjacent waters. ‘I'wenty-one figures. No. 3513, pub- lished. Auoust: Q4V19G5 5005. Oey MO eee eee een
New species: Pseudodiaptomus cokeri, Tortanus compernis.
Herring, Jon L. Hermatobates, a new generic record for the Atlantic Ocean, with descriptions of new species (Hemiptera: Gerridae). Three figures. No. 3510, pub- lished Julyeulges eo eee eee
New species: Hermatobates bredini, H. tiarae. .
IforrMaNn, Ricuarp L. Revision of. the milliped genera Boraria and Gyalostethus (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). ‘Ten figures. No. 3514, published August 17, 1965__-~--
New genus: Gyalostethus.
New combination: Gyalostethus monticolens.
Nakanwara, Waro. Neotropical Hemerobiidae in the United States National Museum. Five figures and two plates. INo#3509; published July 30, 1965....2.2....-5222--22e2
New genus: Spinomegalomus.
New species: Hemerobius chilensis, H. exceptatus, N usalala kriigeri, Pseudomicromus fuscatus, Spinomegalomus flinti.
New combination: Nomerobius marmoratus.
Osporn, Date J. Hedgehogs and shrews of Turkey. Four figures. No. 3517, published December 8, 1965_-.-----
Rerisu, Donatp J. Benthic polychaetous Annelids from Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas. Three figures. No. 3511,published Ausust 25,1965222--22. 2222.25.22
New species: Huchone trisegmentata, Magelona alata. ; .
Sotem, ALAN. Land snails of the genus Amphidromus from Thailand (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Camaenidae). Two plates. No. 3519, published December 8, 1965__-_------
Pages
567-614
241-304
] 23- ] 30
305-348
107-122
131-158
615-628
CONTENTS Vv
Pages TRIPLEHORN, Cuarues A. Revision of Diaperini of America north of Mexico with notes on extralimital species (Cole- optera: Tenebrionidae). Three figures and seven plates. No: 3515, published November 16, 1965..--_..--..___+- 349-458
New species: Neomida aenetpennis, N. myllocnema, Platydema neglectum, P. teleops, P. wandae.
- ey io
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yee LY \ mts vi re tae oe (te Mies it pre ahi i eh: 7 i aay a og hh VIA Ai a, bhi rue vk nid unt pe ies ah sy Hird a : AY Sty pith. A . i ed's ce 1 i | y } ' 7 i ih ; j I | | oo 3 i ; ‘ \ i Fi rw iy
Proceedings of
the United States
National Museum
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION + WASHINGTON, D.C.
Volume 117 1965 Number 3508
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS
By J. F. Gates CLarKE
Chairman, Department of Entomology
Introduction
It has been my privilege and pleasure to study the Microlepidoptera collected in the Juan Fernandez Islands in 1951, 1952, and 1955 by Dr. Guillermo Kuschel, Centro de Investigationes Zoologicas, Uni- versity of Chile, Santiago, and to him my thanks are due for this opportunity.
Through the courtesy of Dr. Kuschel I have been permitted to deposit the types of all the new species in the collection of the U.S. National Museum, Smithsonian Institution. Paratypes of some of the species, where series permitted, are also in the Museum, while others are distributed in the Natural History Museum and the University of Chile in Santiago.
My sincere thanks are due Dr. Lars Brundin, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm, for his generous permission to study Auri- villius’ types deposited in that institution. To Mr. John D. Bradley, Department of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History), I am also grateful for his help received on many occasions.
The drawings for this paper were made by Mr. Arthur D. Cushman, staff artist of the Entomology Research Division, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Mrs. Patricia Hogue; Mrs. Caroline Lutz, staff artist, Department of Zoology, Smithsonian Institution; and by myself.
a
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
The collections made by Dr. Kuschel are of more than usual interest because they are the first of any size from the islands and are the first to provide any tangible information about possible origins of the fauna.
The first Microlepidopteron to be described from the islands was Pionea fumipennis (Warren), (1892); although the type specimens are labeled properly, Warren mistakenly gave the locality as ‘‘Cali- fornia.” In 1896 Hampson described Crambus fernandesellus but it was not until 1922, with the publication of Skottsberg’s classic work, that more collections were recorded. In this publication Aurivillius described Fernandocrambus brunneus, F. fuscus, F. baéckstrémi, Juania annulata, Eulia robinsoni, E. griseweps, E. striolana and Crocidosema (?) «nsulana and recorded the continental Scoparia ragonotii. In the same work Meyrick described Depressaria relegata, Apothetoeca syna- phrista and recognized Endrosis sarcitrella (recorded as Endrosis lactella). Clarke described Nanodacna ancora in 1964.
This brought the total number of species known from the islands to 15. In this paper 41 species are described as new to science; 14, previously described, are recorded from the islands for the first time; two species (two families) are recorded but the species are not named; and one species is synonymized, thus bringing the total of known species to 71.
Species Previously Recorded
Pionea fumipennis (Warren) Proeulia griseiceps (Aurivillius)
Ocobia ragonotii (Butler) (=striolana)
Juania annulata Aurivillius robinsoni (Aurivillius)
Fernandocrambus bdckstrémi Auri- Parasuleima insulana (Aurivillius)
villius Martyrhilda relegata (Meyrick)
fuscus Aurivillius Endrosis sarcitrella (Linnaeus) brunneus Aurivillius Apothetoeca synaphrista Meyrick
Crambus fernandesellus Hampson Nanodacna ancora Clarke
Species Newly Recorded
Elasmopalpus angustellus Blan- Bedellia somnulentella (Zeller) chard Monopis crocicapitella (Clemens) Nomophila noctuella (Denis & Schif- Trichophaga tapetzella (Linnaeus) fermiiller) Tinea pellionella Linnaeus Platyptilia epidelta Meyrick pallescentella Stainton Stenoptilia partiseca Meyrick Lindera tessellatella Blanchard Gnorimoschema operculella (Zeller) Oinophila v-flava (Haworth)
absoluta (Meyrick) Plutella maculipennis (Curtis)
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 3
Species Described as New
Juania magnifica 67924 oxyechus 67903 paraloxia 67923 Crambus divus 67902 loria 67922 Loxestege oxalis 67931 glareola 67921 Pyrausta louvinia 67930 tmitator 67920 Mnesictena tetragramma 67929 imperfecta 67919 Giorgia crena 67928 chiloma 67918 Scoparia pyraustoides 67927 bysstfera 67917 dela 67926 parva 67916 matuta 67925 derelicta 67915 Nesochoris holographa 67932 minima 67914 brachystigma 67933 abbreviata 67913 Gnorimoschema hemilitha 67934 nitidissima 67912 melanolepts 67935 grisea 67911 Echinoglossa trinota 67936 pepita 67910 Pseudarla miranda 67937 zerophylla 67909 Anchimompha melaleuca 67938 Fernandocrambus kuscheli 67908 Nanodacna indiscriminata 67940 truncus 67907 Leuroperna letoptera 67943 fundus 67906 Eudolichura exuta 67942 corvus 67905 Melitonympha telluris 67941
arcus 67904
These species are assigned to 35 genera of which the following are described as new: Giorgia, Nesochoris, Parasuleima, Pseudarla, Echinoglossa, Anchimompha, Eudolichura, and Leuroperna. In addi- tion, the genera Platyptilia, Stenoptilia, Elasmopalpus, O¢cobia, Nomophila, Pyrausta, Loxostege, Mnesictena, Gnorimoschema, Bedellia, Oinophila, Monopis, Lindera, Trichophaga, Tinea, Plutella, Melito- nympha, Martyrhilda, and Brenthia are recorded for the first time from these islands.
In the Juan Fernandez Islands there are two categories of Micro- lepidoptera: (1) those which have found their way there through the agency of man; (2) those which have arrived through the ages by natural means, or those that have evolved from them.
In the first group are the refuse feeders and household pests and the species attached to various plants grown for food. These are: Lindera tessellatella Blanchard, Monopis crocicapitella (Clemens), Tinea pallescentella Stainton, Tinea pellionella Linnaeus, and Trichophaga tapetzella (Linneaus), all of which attack woolens and other stored animal products. Oinophila v-flava (Haworth), a European species, is reported as feeding on refuse, or fungi on cellar walls. Endrosis sarcitrella (Linnaeus), the widely distributed ‘‘white-shouldered house moth,” attacks everything from wool to stored cereals and dried meat and may be encountered anywhere near human habitation.
It is indeed strange that such cosmopolitan household or stored food-products pests as Plodia interpunctella (Hiibner), E’phestia cautella
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
(Walker), and Tineola bisselliella (Hummel) have not been recovered from these islands. ‘These species are so generally distributed that it seems unlikely the islands have escaped their ravages.
The plant-feeding insect pests are the notorious “potato tuber- worm,” Gnorimoschema operculella (Zeller); G. absoluta (Meyrick), also a pest of potato as well as a pest of tomato; the “diamondback moth,” Plutella maculipennis (Curtis), which is widely distributed throughout most of the world and feeds on both cultivated and native cruciferous plants; and Bedellia somnulentella (Zeller), a pest of sweet potato and allied plants.
Six of these cosmopolitan species are found on more than one of the islands. ‘They are sarcitrella, maculipennis, somnulentella, tessel- latella, pellionella, and pallescentella.
The remaining species, or the antecedents from which they have evolved, probably reached the islands by natural means (convection currents, drift, etc.). They are distributed in the following families:
Crambidae 28 Gelechiidae 5 Phycitidae 1 Momphidae il Pyraustidae 9 Blastodacnidae 2 Pterophoridae 2 Hyponomeutidae 3 Olethreutidae 1 Glyphipterygidae 1 Tortricidae 4 Psychidae 1
Oecophoridae 1
Of all the species, including those introduced by commerce, only eight occur on more than one island, and only one occurs on all three. The eight species occurring on two islands are Giorgia crena, new species, Nomophila noctuella (Denis & Schiffermiiller), Endrosis sarci- trella (Linnaeus), Plutella maculipennis (Curtis), Bedellia somnulentella (Zeller), Lindera tessellatella Blanchard, Tinea pallescentella (Stainton), and Tinea pellionella Linnaeus. The one occurring on all three islands is Ocobia ragonotii (Butler).
The present record of species of Microlepidoptera indicates 75 percent endemicity, perhaps higher than one should expect from islands so close to a continental mass. The mainland fauna is very poorly known, and undoubtedly there are many more species to be discovered in the islands. When extensive collections are made, we may find a considerably larger number of species common to both areas.
The following table gives a complete roster of species and their distribution, when applicable, outside of the islands. A plus sign or notation denotes presence, and a minus denotes absence.
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE
Distribution of Juan Fernandez Microlepidoptera
Elasmopalpus angustellus Pionea fumipennis Lozostege oxalis
Pyrausta louvinia Mnesictena tetragramma Giorgia crena
Nomophila noctuella
Ocobia ragonotit Scoparia dela
matuta
pyraustoides Crambus fernandesellus
divus Fernandocrambus fuscus
oxyechus
arcus
truncus
bdckstrémi
corvus
fundus
brunneus
kuscheli Juania annulata
magnifica
serophylla
pepita
loxia
paraloxia
abbreviata
grisea
amitator
chiloma
parva
glareola
bysstfera
nitidissima
derelicta
imperfecta
minima Platyptilia epidelta Stenoptilia partiseca Parasuleima insulana Proeulia robinsoni
griseiceps Nesochoris holographa
brachystigma Martyrhilda relegata
Masa- tierra
++t++++ 1
P+ i++ ttt +tettt+s+es
|
tHtt+++] tt++4+4+4444 |
Masa- fuera
[+++
oracle |
Elsewhere
Chile mainland
Continental Americas, Europe
Chile mainland
Argentina Argentina
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
Masa- Santa Masa- Elsewhere tierra Clara fuera
Endrosis sarcitrella + —_ + Cosmopolitan
Apothetoeca synaphrista + — _
Gnorimoschema operculella aa aa = Cosmopolitan absoluta + — _— South America hemilitha = — — melanolepis — “ a
Echinoglossa trinota + -- --
Pseudarla miranda + — _
Anchimompha melaleuca _ _ _
Nanodacna ancora — _ + indiscriminata + = =
Plutella maculipennis — + + Cosmopolitan
Melitonympha telluris + — -
Eudolichura exuta — — +
Leuroperna leioptera = — 4+
Glyphipterygidae ae = =
Psychidae + — _
Lindera tessellatella ote + — Australia, New
Zealand, Mexico, Fiji Ids., Europe, U.S., Chile mainland. Monopis crocicapitella + _ — Japan, Micronesia, Americas, Europe Trichophaga tapeizella _ — + Cosmopolitan Tinea pallescentella + + _ England, Argentina pellionella ae = + Cosmopolitan
Bedellia somnulentella + — + Japan, Guam,
Americas?
Oinophila v-flava + _ — Europe, California
The origin of the species, except the ten introduced by man, is ob- scured in antiquity but certainly the points of origin are several. The majority of the species appear to have their affinities with con- tinental American elements but, because of the rather meager knowl- edge of the mainland forms, it is impossible to estimate the extent to which this oecurs. The enormous development of the Crambidae in the islands has no comparable evolution on the mainland. Apparently the-antecedent or antecedents of the Crambidae arrived at an early geologic time and found an unusually favorable environment per- mitting extensive radiation. Without doubt, further exploration will reveal even a greater number of species in this family.
The Crambidae are contained in three genera, Crambus, Fernando- crambus and Juania. Although the three genera are easily separated on superficial characters, the various genitalic types are found in each
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—-CLARKE 7
genus. If we were to establish the genera on the basis of genitalia, we should have a quite different arrangement of species. It is, there- fore, doubtful that the three so-called genera can be maintained but for convenience in this paper I am retaining them.
Five species are found on the South American mainland as well as in the islands. These are: Elasmopalpus angustellus, Nomophila noctuella, Ocobia ragonotii, Platyptilia epidelta, and Stenoptilia partiseca. It is not likely that any of these were transported by man.
The genus Scoparia, with three species, is well represented in the American continental areas although the genus enjoys its greatest development in New Zealand. We can attribute the origin of the Juan Fernandez species to that area. Although I expressed some misgiving in placing the new species tetragramma in the New Zealand genus Mnesictena (Meyrick), there appears to be little doubt that it belongs there or very close to it. It is also apparent that Giorgia, new genus, is derived from a Western ancestral type, and I have indicated that Giorgia appears to be related to Sufetula Walker, from the Indian Region. Two species of American moths have already been placed in Sufetula (diminutalis Walker from the West Indies and philogeolos Dyar from North America) so the relationship between this genus and Giorgia may not be too remote.
The remaining pyraloid genera, Pionea Guenée, Pyrausta Shrank, Lozostege Hiibner, and Nomophila Hiibner undoubtedly owe their presence in the islands to the American mainland.
The Hyponomeutidae, though represented at present by only four species, have an equal number of genera, one more than in the large family Crambidae. This generic differentiation is comparable to that found on the adjacent mainland, where Meyrick recorded nine genera and emphasized the great development of this family in south- ern South America.
The four species of Tortricidae and the one species of Olethreutidae are endemic, as are the genera to which they belong.* As previously pointed out, the South American fauna is too imperfectly known to permit establishing a definite relationship between the island and continental forms, but it appears that the tortricid species, at least, have been derived from the mainland elements. The single ole- threutid, Parasuleima insulana (Aurivillius), is American in origin.
The Oecophoridae and Gelechiidae are American in character (except the introduced £. sarcitrella (Linnaeus)) and no real problem of origins arises here. The genus Martyrhilda Clarke was described
* Since this was written, Obraztsov (1964, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 116, no. 3501, pp. 183-195, pls. 1-9) has recorded nine species from Central Chile belonging to the tortricid genus Proeulia Clarke.
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
from North America, but also occurs in Europe, and probably will be found in Asia as well. The fact that the island species M. relegata (Meyrick) is the only one recorded from the South American fauna is a matter of collecting, or lack of it, and undoubtedly other species will be found.* The gelechiid genera Apothetoeca Meyrick and Pseudarla, new genus, are New World types while the genus Gnorimoschema Busck is widely distributed throughout most of the world.
Key to Genera
Ic: SROFEWINGGIVIGEG.. aah Gar wie, gee apis: top sity (8 owe Lele agar co oece ee nes Forewing not divided ..... fT oeiecus (s,s Je ue po eke
2. Forewing with veins 3, 4, and 5 sopamatee 28 2 hs Boe PP laty pila Forewing with veins 3, 4, and 5stalked. . ..... 2... . Stenoptilia
3. Hindwing with veins 7 and 8 stalked or united .......2.2.2.2..4 Hindwing with veins 7 and ‘Siseparate 2) <)..\ f,. Sycycs’ sh. ee be ees etal
4. Hindwing with veins 7 and 8united. .......2..... . Giorgia ind wineyGtRer wise. vis. ssa ss ene See ee eee lee eee eS
5. Forewing with vein 7 absent ........... .... .Elasmopalpus Forewing with vein 7 present. . . aoa MSE) Cee eee
6. Forewing with vein 7 out of the stalk aE 8 nine 9 Spiel isyy whee Peete aeen ae Forewing with vein 7 free. ... EVE cei alsin opel ae ie eatin ee een
7. Forewing with veins 3 and 4 Woeident. is eal nthe Set SNR eee ATA Forewing with veins 3 and 4separate ... sche Mii, en
8. Forewing with veins 4 and 5 short stalked; labial palpiis at lence tines times aslongashead ..... 16s 25 “G@rambus Forewing with veins 4 and 5 connate: or btaloceli pipeoeinnte labial palpus
not three times aslong ashead . . ..... .. . . Fernandocrambus
9. Hindwing ‘with veins 4 and’) stalked (7+. ". 0 *. 2 ss 4 ss. ne er Hindwing with veins 4 and 5 otherwise . . . . M4, ae aL
10. Harpe with spinous process from ventral edge: Seine abso . . Scoparia Harpe without such spinous process; signum present . . . .. . .Oecobia
11. Hindwing with veins 4 and 5 closely approximate for about one-third their lengths from: base =. ..4 2s... «a 3s ee. ah Wop tov yeep: Hindwing with veins 4 and 5 div enone fan pase, sagt Wee fe Boe are
12. Forewing with veins 3, 4, and 5 about equidistant at base. . . Nomophila Forewing with vein 3 much farther from 4 than 4is from 5 . . . Pyrausta
13. -Bronsrproduced is jails cass oe Bee wee ea wee. why oe... ce loxestege Frons smooth, rounded. .... 5, eee ls
14. Hindwing with veins 4 and 5 eonnate, fabial Bal ousl more einne twice as lone as neads 205 ae . . . . Mnesictena Hindwing with veins 4 ava 5 élosely eo orenninte at Base: labial palpus not more/than twice as long asihead*..u-.f a . enea
* In my volume IV on the Meyrick types of Microlepidoptera, I have transferred to this genus five South American species, recorded from Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
15.
16.
LY.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
dl.
32.
33.
34,
30.
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS-——CLARKE 9
Forewing with vein lc preserved, at least at margin .
Forewing with vein le absent . Hindwing with cell open Hindwing with cell closed
Forewing with vein 11 from middle of fell oe ernted but oe appreciably
produced
Forewing with vein 11 from caten fourth a cell: apex x produced ,
Hindwing with veins 6 and 7 stalked . ; Hindwing with veins 6 and 7 parallel or nearly so Hindwing with veins 3 and 4 connate . Hindwing with veins 3 and 4 separate .
Forewing with vein 6 separate and 7 and 8 pialked : Forewing with veins 7 and 8 stalked, out of vein 6 .
Forewing with accessory cell .
Forewing without accessory cell
Second segment of labial palpus with peti) Second segment of labial palpus without bristles . Forewing with aereole
Forewing without aereole . . .
Hindwing with veins 5 and 6 shore aed Hindwing otherwise
Hindwing with veins 5, 6, pa 7 pei ieean Hindwing with veins 5 and 6 approximate at base Forewing with all veins separate .
Forewing with veins 7 and 8 stalked .
Hindwing with veins 5 and 6 stalked
Hindwing with veins 5 and 6 separate . Hindwing with veins 6 and 7 parallel or nearly so Hindwing otherwise . .
Hindwing with veins 5 and 6 peelieeds
Hindwing otherwise
Forewing with veins 7 and 8 sates.
Forewing with veins 7 and 8 stalked .
Basal segment of antenna with pecten
Basal segment of antenna without pecten . Forewing with veins 2 and 3 separate .
Forewing with veins 2 and 3 stalked.
Labial palpus short, hardly recurved .
Labial palpus long, recurved . :
Hindwing with cubital pecten
Hindwing without cubital pecten.
- al 1G eplies als
. Bedellia
. Oinophiia .19
Mee eee) \apothetiecs . Pseudarla
. Gnorimoschema
. Echinoglossa ae,
. 28
. 23
. 26
. Monopis
. 24
. Lindera
Stance 20 “fichophaga
. Tinea
: 5 PA : Melitaaympha . Eudolichura
. Leuroperna
. 29
. 34
. 30
At peo
. Plutella
. Nanodacna .o2
. 33
. . Endrosis
. Martyrhilda
. Brenthia
. Anchimompha . Parasuleima
. 35
Forewing with vein 2 arising from outer emer of ceil: 6, 7, and 8 about
equidistant at bases.
. Nesochoris
Forewing with vein 2 arising from eerie ae call: vein 6 twice as far from
7 as 7 is from 8.
. Proeulia
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
Family Crambidae
Genus Crambus Fabricius
The species of Crambus are separated by the following key:
Dark dividing line of forewing short and sharply defined. fernandesellus Hampson Dark dividing line of forewing long and diffused . . . . . . divus, new species
Crambus fernandesellus Hampson Fiaures 1-2
Crambus fernandesellus Hampson, 1896, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1895, p. 931.— Aurivillius, 1922, in Skottsberg, The natural history of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 263, pl. 2, fig. 9.
Type: British Museum (Natural History). Type locality: ‘Juan Fernandez.”
Ficures 1-2.—Crambus fernandesellus Hampson: 1, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; la, lateral aspect of aedeagus; 2, ventral view of female genitalia.
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE ll]
Distribution: Masatierra: Plazoleta del Yunque, & (Feb. 20, 1951); Picacho Central, 600 m., 2 (Feb. 4, 1952).
Both specimens from this collection are larger (30-38 mm.) than the size indicated by Hampson and probably the largest one represents about the maximum that will be found. The hindwings of the female are much lighter than those of the male.
Mr. John D. Bradley has confirmed my identification of the species.
Crambus divus, new species FIGURE 3 Alar expanse 34 mm. Labial palpus ocherous white with light brownish suffusion on outer
side, Antenna ocherous white with narrow, pale brown, longitudinal line ventrally. Head ocherous white with pale brownish suffusion.
Ficure 3.—Crambus divus, new species: ventral view of female genitalia.
Thorax light brown. Ground color of forewing ocherous white; extreme edge of costa narrowly brown. Ground color of forewing ocherous white; extreme edge of costa narrowly brown; wing divided
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
longitudinally by a dark-brown line which fades gradually toward dorsum; in costal half a few yellowish streaks; at outer end of cell, at each angle, a small brown spot; a similar spot on vein 8, about midway between end of cell and apex, and another on tornus; four ill-defined brownish spots on termen; cilia ocherous white with slight brownish suffusion. Hindwing white with slight yellowish tint; cilia white. Legs ocherous white suffused with brown. Abdomen ocherous white with slight infuscation beneath.
Female genitalia (slide 10669): Ventral lip of ostium twice as long as broad, stout. Posterior half of ductus bursae stout, sclerotized; anterior half membranous; inception of ductus seminalis at junction of the two parts of ductus bursae. Signa the usual two, but one greatly reduced in size.
Type: Masatierra: Alto Pangal, 600 m. (Em., Mar. 24, 1955).
Food plant: Juania australis (Mart.) Drude ex. Hook. f. (Palmae).
Described from the unique female type. Both divus and fernan- desellus are similar, and might be mistaken for each other, but the dark dividing line of the forewing is short and sharply defined in fernandesellus and long and diffused in divus. Although the extreme edge of costa, basally, is dark in divus, there is a sharply defined, short black line inside costa on fernandesellus. 'The female genitalia are widely different as will be seen by a comparison of the figures. The ventral lip of the ostium of fernandesellus is essentially broadly tri- angular while that of divus is oblong; the ductus bursae of divus is sclerotized for half its length while that of fernandesellus is wholly membranous.
Of all the species of microlepidoptera collected in the islands, this is the only one that wasreared. A note by Dr. Kuschel, accompanying the specimen, states “Larva: Alto Pangal, 600 m., Mar. 5, 1955, en hojas nuevas y cerradas de Juania australis (Palmae). Ninfa: Mar. 9, 1955. Imago: Mar. 24, 1955.” A second note reads, ‘La larva hace mucho dafio en las hojas nuevas de la ‘chonta’ (Juania australis).”’
Genus Fernandocrambus Aurivillius
Fernandocrambus Aurivillius, 1922, in Skottsberg, The natural history of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 263.
Type-species: Fernandocrambus brunneus Aurivillius, op. cit., p. 264, pl. 11, fig. 12 [hereby designated].
Key to the Species of Fernandocrambus
1. Labial palpus buff shaded with drab or fuscous. . ........6-. 2 abial-palpus Otherwise: sve <j. Ud waitis WE) ee DST t eel tote tee eedcetats 5
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 13
2. Forewing ground color fuscous or brown. . ........ 2 peels ois Forewing ground color grayish buff; without longitudinal streak; alar expanse 26mm... . . . . Corvus, new species
3. Forewing with median fener buff eae alae expanse 15-17 mm. fundus, new species Forewing without median longitudinal streak ... . FOR alt ee: 4. Forewing with well-defined transverse, pale subterminal ae brunneus Aurivillius Forewing without well-defined transverse subterminal line fuseus Aurivillius
5. Forewing with pale longitudinal streak . «0 ci 6 2 Ha ele he es 6 Forewing without longitudinal streak. . ... Mid isd 688
6. Male genitalia with costal process of harpe een ental lip of ostium Feducedicy 1.) : Were ee ah hi Male genitalia withoas coerce eres oe ea eaten lip of ostium large, expanded posteriorly .... . . . . truncus, new species
7. Armature of aedeagus a strong euved foo process of sacculus stout, pointed; lip of ostium subrectangular in outline. biickstrémi Aurivillius Armature of aedeagus a barb; process of sacculus not pointed; lip of ostium
triangular in outline .. . . . . . . kuscheli, new species 8. Hindwing grayish fuscous; pie eee 14-18 mm. oxyechus, new species Hindwing grayish buff; alar expanse 20-27 mm. . . . arcus, new species
Fernandocrambus brunneus Aurivillius Figures 4-6
Fernandocrambus brunneus Aurivillius, 1922, in Skottsberg, The natural history of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 264, pl. 11, fig. 11.
Alar expanse 18-23 mm.
Male genitalia (slide 10140): Costa of harpe short, strongly sclero- tized, with long, slender distal process; cucullus a long, parallel-sided, fleshy lobe. Sacculus broad, strongly sclerotized, terminating in a bluntly pointed, notched process. Uncus straplike, terminating in a blunt point. Gnathos longer than uncus; distal end slightly dilated. Aedeagus stout, straight, armed with a strong, pointed, apical process.
Female genitalia (slide 10141): Ostium wide; ventral lip broadly triangular. Ductus bursae membranous except for a short, widened, sclerotized section before ostium. Ductus seminalis from middle of ductus bursae.
Type: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm.
Type locality: ‘‘ Masatierra.”’
Distribution: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland, 807’, 2 99 (Mar. 4, 1951), 2 (Feb. 15, 1951); Villagra, o (Feb. 21, 1951).
In general appearance brunneus is similar to fuscus. The genitalia of the two, however, differ markedly. The costa of the harpe of brunneus is armed with a strongly pronounced process, absent in Juscus; the anterior edge of the vinculum of fuscus is concave, that of brunneus convex. The gnathos of fuscus is distorted but that of brunneus is nearly straight, tapering.
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
Ficures 4-6.—Fernandocrambus brunneus Aurivillius: 4, venation of right wings; 5, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; Sa, lateral aspect of aedeagus; 6, ventral view of female genitalia.
Fernandocrambus fuscus Aurivillius FiGurE 7
Fernandocrambus fuscus Aurivillius, 1922, in Skottsberg, The natural history of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 264, pl. 11, fig. 13.
Type: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm.
Type locality: ‘““Masatierra.”’
Alar expanse 19 mm.
Male genitalia (slide 10633): Projection of sacculus a long hook, foreshortened in figure. Costa strongly arched. Aedeagus armed
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 15
with a strong distolateral hook. The male genitalia are figured from the type.
Aurivillius described fuscus from a unique male; it is the only specimen known.
Figure 7.—Fernandocrambus fuscus Aurivillius: 7, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 7a, aedeagus.
Fernandocrambus oxyechus, new species
Figures 8-9
Alar expanse 14-18 mm.
Labial palpus grayish fuscous outwardly, grayish buff inwardly. Antenna grayish fuscous with brassy hue basally. Head fuscous, paler posteriorly. Thorax and ground color of forewing fuscous, the latter with a brassy hue; extreme edge of costa, from basal fourth to near apex, pale buff; this color expanded in some specimens to form an ill-defined spot at apical fifth; in some strongly marked specimens a faint, dark line extends outwardly from apical fifth of costa to about vein 6, then inwardly straight to tornus; at end of cell a dark spot, absent or nearly so in some examples; cilia grayish fuscous. Hindwing grayish fuscous; cilia concolorous. Legs buff strongly over- laid with fuscous. Abdomen fuscous above, beneath grayish buff; posterior tip buff.
Male genitalia (slide 10365): Vinculum longer than tegumen and uncus combined. Gnathos sharply curved. Costa of harpe short, without marginal projection; cucullus narrow and abruptly turned caudad.
Female genitalia (slide 10255): Ventral lip of ostium greatly di- lated, shovel shaped. Signa two sclerotized, scobinate plates.
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
Type: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland (Feb. 15, 1951).
Described from the type male and 21 male and female paratypes as follows: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland, 120’, 9 99° (February and March dates, 1951).
The male genitalia place this species nearest to arcus from which it is distinguished by the very long vinculum. The female, however, suggests a closer relationship with truncus.
Ficures 8-9.—Fernandocrambus oxyechus, new species: 8, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 8a, lateral aspect of aedeagus; 9, ventral view of female genitalia.
Fernandocrambus arcus, new species Ficures 10-11
Alar expanse 20-27 mm.
Labial palpus dark gray, the scales cinereous tipped. Antenna gray except base which is fuscous; scape tipped with cinereous above. Head and thorax dark gray with the scales cinereous tipped; face fuscous; tegula tipped with cinereous. Forewing ground color gray-
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 17
ish; base of costa broadly fuscous shading to lighter at middle; on middle of costa an ill-defined fuscous spot followed at three-fourths by a similar one; from the latter a curved, transverse line of fuscous spots terminates in a moderately large fuscous spot before tornus; near middle of tornus a fuscous spot; at end of cell an oval patch of cinereous scales narrowly edged with fuscous; along termen a series of seven fuscous spots; surface of wing overlaid with cinereous scales,
Ficures 10-11.—Fernandocrambus arcus, new species: 10, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 10a, aedeagus; 11, lateral aspect of female genitalia.
particularly along dorsum and the outer part of fold; cilia gray with a narrow, median, buff line. Hindwing grayish buff narrowly edged with fuscous; from base of wing a narrow, triangular patch of gray- ish fuscous expanding toward outer edge; cilia grayish buff with a subbasal grayish band. Legs grayish buff strongly overlaid with fuscous. Abdomen grayish buff with scattered fuscous scales beneath.
Male genitalia (slide 10144): Sacculus greatly enlarged and with a stout thorn at the distal end; costa short with acute point before
755-910—65_—2
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
cucullus; aedeagus long, slender; vesica armed with a single hooklike cornutus.
Female genitalia (slide 10145): Ductus bursae sclerotized in posterior three-fifths. Ventral lip of ostium long, slender, spoon shaped. Ductus seminalis as indicated in figure.
Type: Masatierra: Bahfa Cumberland (Jan. 3, 1952).
Described from the type male and 37 male and female paratypes, all from the same locality. December and January to March dates.
Superficially, arcus is similar to fuscus but it is a much larger insect. The strong, curved process of the sacculus and the stout hook of the aedeagus of fuscus immediately separate it from arcus.
Fernandocrambus corvus, new species
Figure 12 Alar expanse 26 mm.
Labial palpus buff, irrorate with sordid whitish and fuscous. Antenna fuscous with buff annulations. Head buff above, shading to fuscous on frons. Thorax and ground color of forewing grayish buff; thorax and tegula fuscous anteriorly; base of costa and a line along fold to basal third, fuscous; from costa, slightly beyond middle, an indistinct fuscous line curves to about two-thirds distance across wing; from apical fourth of costa a fuscous line extends obliquely and outwardly to vein 6, then angles inwardly straight to tornus ; on dorsum, between the two transverse lines, a conspicuous blackish- fuscous dash; along termen, at the ends of the veins, a series of small fuscous spots; entire surface of wing sparsely irrorate with fuscous; cilia grayish buff. Hindwing shining pale ocherous white; from costa to vein 2, an ill-defined, outwardly curved lunate line; cilia ocherous white. Legs buff, somewhat shaded with fuscous; tarsi shaded with blackish fuscous on outer surface. Abdomen pale buff above, suffused with fuscous beneath.
Female genitalia (slide 10648): Ovipositor lobes edged with a row of strong setae. Ventral lip of ostium produced as a long, slender, straplike process. Slightly more than posterior half of ductus bursae sclerotized; inception of ductus seminalis at junction of sclerotized portion of membranous anterior part of ductus bursae.
Type: Masatierra (no definite locality or date).
Described from the unique female type, in slightly damaged condition. The genitalia of corvus are very similar to those of arcus but exhibit several substantial differences. The setae along the distal edges of the ovipositor lobes are coarse and stout in corvus, not so much so in arcus; the posterior edge of the genital plate of corvus is straight but that of arcus is concave; the sclerite anterior to the ostium is nearly twice as large in corvus as it is in arcus. In general, the
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 19
female genitalia of corvus are larger and more robust than in arcus although the two species are the same size.
Figure 12.—Fernandocrambus corous, new species: ventral view of female genitalia.
Fernandocrambus fundus, new species
Fiaures 13-14
Alar expanse 15-17 mm.
Labial palpus buff ; second segment drab on outer side; third segment almost wholly drab. Antenna drab, except brownish-drab scape. Head brownish drab. Thorax and ground color of forewing fuscous (one specimen with considerable buff on tegula and thorax) ; from base to end of cell, following fold, a median, longitudinal, buff streak (in one specimen the streak is continued to termen as buff mottling through the ground color); at end of cell, between median streak and costa, a blackish-fuscous shade; along termen an ill-defined series of small blackish-fuscous spots; extreme costa, before apex, suffused
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
ocherous buff; cilia grayish fuscous. Hindwing grayish fuscous; cilia paler with a dark basal band (in one specimen the cilia are sordid white with the contrasting dark band). Legs buff overlaid with grayish fuscous. Abdomen grayish fuscous, ocherous white beneath, caudally.
Ficures 13-14.—Fernandocrambus fundus, new species: 13, ventral view of female genitalia; 14, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 14a, aedeagus.
Male genitalia (slide 10596): Harpe rather narrow; costa very short, straight, sclerotized; cucullus large, at least half the total length of harpe, pointed; sacculus short, broad, terminating in a sharply
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 2]
pointed triangle. Anellus an oval plate. Gnathos slightly longer than uncus. Uncus moderately broad, pointed. Anterior margin of vinculum with deep, U-shaped excavation. Aedeagus long, slender, armed with a stout, curved spine.
Female genitalia (slide 10258): Ostium broad, ventral lip asym- metrical, short, strongly sclerotized, posterior edge rounded. Pos- terior half of ductus bursae sclerotized. Inception of ductus seminalis at anterior end of sclerotized part of ductus bursae.
Type: Masatierra: Plazoleta del Yunque, 200 m. (Mar. 3, 1955).
Described from the male type, three male and one female paratypes, all from the type locality, dated (Dec. 28, 1954, Jan. 9, 1952, Mar. 3, 1955).
This is a variable species, no two being exactly alike. The median streak may, or may not, be well defined, in some examples being obscured by the ground color. One specimen exhibits considerable reddish-brown scaling in the dorsal area and all show differences in the intensity of color of the cilia of the hindwings.
The affinities of fundus clearly appear to be with oxryechus and arcus. From oxyechus the males of fundus can be distinguished by the shallower excavation of the vinculum, the broad, fleshy cucullus, pointed, triangular process of saccculus and the straighter gnathos; from the males of arcus by the absence of a costal process of harpe and the absence of a tooth on the terminal process of sacculus. The females of fundus can be distinguished from those of both oxyechus and arcus by the short, asymmetrical ventral lip of ostium.
Fernandocrambus truncus, new species Ficures 15-16
Alar expanse 14-19 mm.
Labial palpus grayish fuscous outwardly; basal segment and entire innerside ocherous white. Head brownish, face fuscous. Antenna grayish fuscous with ill-defined paler annulations. Thorax and ground color of forewing grayish fuscous; tegula ocherous white; an ocherous-white median streak extends from base of forewing to end of cell, or sometimes nearly to termen, somewhat broader distally than basally and sometimes crossed in outer third by two ill-defined, oblique, grayish-fuscous bars; extreme edge of costa at outer three- fourths ocherous white; cilia slightly paler than ground color. Hind- wing gray, deepening to grayish fuscous outwardly; cilia sordid ocherous white with a broad grayish-fuscous basal band. Legs ocherous white suffused and overlaid with grayish fuscous. Abdomen grayish fuscous, somewhat paler beneath and tipped ocherous white. Entire upper surface of insect with shining, brassy hue.
22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
Male genitalia (slide 10174): The parallel-edged harpe, lacking the dorsal and ventral processes, distinguishes this species from other members of the genus. The broad, truncate vinculum is not found elsewhere in the known species of this genus.
Female genitalia (slides 10175, 10176): The extreme development of the sclerotized covering of the ostium, common in crambids, is unusual and easily distinguishes females of truncus from other species, except oxyechus.
Ficures 15-16.—Fernandocrambus truncus, new species: 15, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 15a, aedeagus; 16, ventral view of female genitalia; 16a, lateral view of genital plate and ostium showing posterior part of ductus bursae and inception of ductus seminalis.
Type: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland (Feb. 15, 1951).
Described from the male type and 8 male and 10 female paratypes as follows: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland, 807c’', 9 99 (January, February, and March dates, 1951-1955); Plazoleta del Yunque, 200 m., 2 (Dec. 28, 1954).
Similar to bdckstrémi but averaging a little smaller and with a
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 23
much darker ground color and more sharply contrasted pale, longi- tudinal streak of forewing.
Fernandocrambus backstrémi Aurivillius
Figures 17-18
Fernandocrambus baéckstrémi Aurivillius, 1922 in Skottsberg, The natural history of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 264, pl. 11, fig. 12.
Type: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm. Type locality: ‘“Masatierra.”’
Distribution: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland 15 007, 34 99 (January to March dates); Alto Inglés, 600 m. 9 (Feb. 6, 1952); Miradero del
Figures 17-18.—Fernandocrambus backstromi Aurivillius: 17, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 17a, aedeagus; 18, ventral view of female genitalia.
Selkirk, 580 m. 29 (Feb. 15, 1951); Plazoleta del Yunque, 200 m., 301g’ (Feb. 20, 1951); Salsipuedes, 400 m., 9 (Mar. 5, 1951); Villagra, # (Feb. 22, 1951); 2 99 (Feb. 21-22, 1951).
24. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
In his description of this species Aurivillius included specimens from Masafuera but all the Masafuera specimens belong to the closely similar new species, kuscheli, which follows.
I have examined eight slides of the genitalia of this species, in- cluding the type, and all agree. The male genitalia are figured from a specimen from Plazoleta del Yunque (slide 10146), and the female from a specimen from Bahia Cumberland (slide 10148).
The series from Bahia Cumberland contains one specimen with an unusual amount of white scaling on forewing, so that the specimen is grayish in aspect, but the genitalia place it here.
In the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm, there is a female of this species labeled ‘‘“Masafuera.” It appears that the Stockholm specimen was mislabelled because backstrémi is confined to Masatierra.
Fernandocrambus kuscheli, new species Fiaures 19-20
Alar expanse 14-22 mm.
Labial palpus drab, paler above and inwardly. Antenna drab, some- what lighter basally and darker apically. Head buff. Thorax and forewing drab; basal fourth of costa darker; from base of wing to end of cell a grayish-buff longitudinal streak broader at end of cell than at base; at the end of cell a few scattered fuscous scales; around termen an ill-defined series of small fuscous spots; cilia light drab with a few darker scales mixed. Hindwing grayish fuscous, cilia grayish buff with a dark subbasal line. Legs grayish buff overlaid with drab. Abdomen grayish fuscous above, grayish buff beneath.
Male genitalia (slide 10598 [type], 10599): Similar to bdckstrémi but easily distinguished from it by the shape of the armature of the aedeagus. In bdckstrémi there is a strong, curved apical hook but in kuscheli this takes the form of a barb, rather than a hook, with a strong spine directed basad.
Female genitalia (slide 10641): The only significant difference between the female genitalia of backstrémi and kuscheli lies in the shape of the ventral lip of the ostium. In bdckstrémi this is subrectangular in outline but in kuscheli it is broad basally and triangular.
Type: Masafuera: La Correspondencia, 1150 m. (Jan. 28, 1955).
Described from the type male and 61 male and female paratypes as follows: Masafuera: Inocentes Bajos, 1000 m., 70707, 2 99 (Jan. 27, 1952); La Correspondencia, 1150 m. 13070’, 23 99 (Jan. 25 to Feb. 21, 1955); Quebrada de la Calavera, 9 (Jan. 15, 1952); Quebrada de las Casas 7077, 5 99 (Jan. 16-19, 1952, Feb. 21, 1955); Quebrada de las Vacas, 9 (Jan. 17, 1952).
Superficially kuscheli is indistinguishable from bdckstrémi, particu- larly when the specimens are worn, but the females of the latter
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 25
average larger than those of the former. The genitalia leave no doubt about the identities of the two and each is endemic on its own island.
One male labelled only ‘‘Masafuera” is in the collection of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm.
19a Ficures 19-20.—Fernandocrambus kuscheli, new species: 19, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 19a, aedeagus; 19b, lateral outline of uncus and gnathos; 20, ventral view of female genitalia. Genus Juania Aurivillius
Juania Aurivillius, 1922, in Skottsberg, The natural history of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 264.
Type-species: Juania annulata Aurivillius, op. cit., p. 265, pl. 11, fig. 15 [by monotypy].
Key to the Species of Juania
Pee cterexnninee. Lm. OF MOTE .. sva*sl egal ca a Ee RRO Eel Goole PUMICE PSMRe GOTH. OFACAS ea ay Fes hw peda, eg Rpt Ry Loh Reis Boe Zo MiBtiexpaAnse 1658 DUA Zo MM oS Se ks ee ee pe Le eae
Alar expanse more than 25mm...... . . . magnifica, new species
26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
3. Forewing with at least two transverse lines but without conspicuous longi-
tudinal streak. .... gel ie tees Forewing without transverse wines: onetudiaal irene well defined.
imperfecta, new species
4. Labial palpus white marked with dark gray; forewing without trace of
yellowish coloring. . . . . . xerophyila, new species Labial palpus otherwise; forewing rien varying amounts of yellowish coloring... . . . annulata Aurivillius
5. Labial palpus proud bolo alten or hicien. these gel aac eee en tere eR Labialpalpus otherwise 20> sees SS Sige ee te ee ee
6. Alar expanse 12 mm.orless.... “igi a kote Alar expanse 14 mm., a distinct, Pender buff, fonectadiall line from base of forewing to armen Seer roi ..... . . . byssifera, new species
7. Forewing with longitudinal eereaien ARP ee ae Me i MO Eel ac) Forewing without longitudinal streak... . . . derelicta, new species
8. Longitudinal streak of forewing uninterrupted .... . Sater es 9
Longitudinal streak of forewing interrupted twice by bare of ground colon imitator, new species 9. Forewing with apical cilia pale and confluent with longitudinal streak;
brassy hue of forewing absent. . ... . .. . glareola, new species Forewing with apical cilia pale but not Poniiaeat with longitudinal streak; brassy hue of forewing present. . .... . . . chiloma, new species
10. Hindwing sordid white. ............ . abbreviata, new species Hindwing otherwiseis. 5 i) si. teue ict ee ic ee a eee ee
112). Alarvexpanse12 inm:or’moreys. wea ee cree ee oo oe S diipuel eee Alar expanse 10 mm. or less... . . . parva, new species
12. Forewing with white-centered, Bick’ or Ola chsh fuscous spot at end of COs udtiw ps GF Se t7 iis way io. Sig pid a ahs gery ete Got! abe Pas erat Sec ae alae SOR Forewing Behepwincs es ie heen), eee
13. Alar expanse 14-16 mm. ieewine with Blade cenmeyense ine from costal third to middorsum mecedon by dense sordid white scaling.
grisea, new species
Alar expanse 12 mm., forewing with transverse band indicated by three
ill-defined blackish-fuscous spots. . . .. . . . minima, new species
14. Forewing with whitish patch in basal fifth ............. 15 Forewing without such patch. .... ‘ A ReLG
15. Forewing with large, ovate, light spot in pengralk area . patalesie new species Forewing without such light spot. ...... . . lexia, new species
16. Forewing with brassy hue. ...... .... . nitidissima, new species Forewing without brassy hue. ........ . . pepita, new species
Juania annulata Aurivillius
Figures 21-22
Juania annulata Aurivillius, 1922, in Skottsberg, The natural history of Juan Fernandez and Faster Island, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 265, pl. 11, fig. 15.
Type locality: ‘“Masatierra.”
Lectotype: 9, Masatierra, ‘““Backstrém, mars” (slide 10634). A small white label bears the inscription ‘“Juania annwata Aur.” The specimen with the above information is hereby designated lectotype and is deposited in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm.
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE ay
Distribution: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland, 307c’, 6 92 (Feb. 15 to Mar. 3, 1951; Dec. 27, 1954 to Mar. 10, 1955); Plazoleta del Yunque, 200-220 m., 80'o’, 9 (Jan. 2, 1952, Dec. 28, 1954, Mar. 3, 1955); Villagra, 2% (Feb. 21, 1951).
Aurivillius described this species from two female specimens but he failed to designate a type. When the two were examined recently, one lacked the abdomen; the one with the abdomen was selected as the lectotype.
Ficures 21-22.—Juania annulata Aurivillius: 21, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 21a, aedeagus; 22, ventral view of female genitalia.
There is considerable variation in the intensity of the markings of annulata and the size varies from 17 to 21 mm. The original figure of the wings is an excellent representation of the average specimen, and the genitalia leave no doubt about the identity of the variable examples. The male genitalia are figured from a specimen from Villagra (slide 10260) and the female genitalia from a specimen from Bahia Cumberland (slide 10259).
28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
Juania xerophylla, new species FIGuRE 23
Alar expanse 17-18 mm.
Labial palpus white; second segment largely overlaid with dark gray on outer surface with a few scattered white scales mixed; third segment almost wholly dark gray. Antenna and head blackish fuscous, the latter with a few white scales posteriorly. Thorax white beneath, blackish fuscous above; posterior edge of collar, tip of tegula and posterior tip of thorax white. Ground color of forewing cinereous, more or less overlaid with fuscous, and dark markings blackish
Ficure 23.—Juania xerophylla, new species: ventral view of female genitalia.
fuscous; basal fifth blackish fuscous, the color extended narrowly nearly to middorsum; from basal third of costa, to slightly beyond middle of dorsum, an outwardly oblique, blackish-fuscous transverse line, wider on costa and in cell; from apical fourth of costa an irregular, narrow, blackish-fuscous transverse line extends to tornus; at the end of cell, between the two transverse lines, a white-centered blackish-
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 29
fuscous dot; cilia grayish with fuscous and white scales mixed. Hind- wing pale grayish basally, shading to fuscous terminally; cilia sordid whitish with a fuscous basal line. Legs fuscous, banded and irrorate with white. Abdomen blackish fuscous.
Female genitalia (slide 10659): Genital plate very strongly sclero- tized. Ventral lip of ostium straplike, somewhat narrower distally than proximally. Ductus bursae membranous except posteriorly where it is somewhat sclerotized. Inception of ductus seminalis at about posterior fourth of ductus bursae.
Type: Masafuera: La Correspondencia, 1150 m. (Jan. 25, 1955).
Described from the type female and two female paratypes from the same locality (Jan. 28, 1955; Jan. 3, 1955). One of the paratypes from which the species is figured, is somewhat darker than the type because of the more extensive development of the dark markings.
In pattern this species is similar to annulata and, like it, is variable; but zerophylla is a smaller moth and exhibits none of the yellowish coloring encountered so often in annulata. In genitalia xzerophylla adheres to the usual type but the area around the ostium is more strongly sclerotized than in most species. The ventral lip of the ostium is much longer in zerophylla than in annulata as can be seen by a comparison of the figures.
Juania pepita, new species FIGURE 24
Alar expanse 12-14 mm.
Labial palpus white; second segment overlaid with grayish fuscous on outer surface; third segment almost wholly grayish fuscous but with some white remaining on inner surface. Antenna and head grayish fuscous, the latter with a few scattered white scales on frons and posteriorly. Thorax white beneath, grayish fuscous above. Ground color of forewing cinereous but the whole wing almost en- tirely overlaid with grayish fuscous; markings obscure; base of wing grayish fuscous; from basal third of costa an outwardly oblique, transverse, grayish-fuscous line extends to middorsum, the line broadening out in middle of cell, forming a lobe in dorsal half of wing to apical third; from apical third of costa a slender, outwardly oblique line slants to about vein 5 where the end of the line widens to form a small subquadrate lobe; between the end of this mark and the pre- ceding transverse line is a small grayish-centered grayish-fuscous spot; cilia cinereous with considerable infuscation. Hindwing light grayish fuscous; cilia concolorous with a somewhat darker basal line. Legs cinereous overlaid and banded with grayish fuscous. Abdomen grayish fuscous with some cinereous scaling beneath.
30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
Female genitalia (slides 10366 and 10661): Area surrounding ostium membranous. Ventral lip of ostium spatulate, about half as long as ductus bursae. Ductus bursae sclerotized in posterior half. Inception of ductus seminalis at middle of ductus bursae.
Type: Masatierra: Villagra (Feb. 22, 1951).
Wy
My /
y} Ie
Ficure 24.—Juania pepita, new species: 24, ventral view of female genitalia; 24a, lateral aspect of posterior structures of female genitalia, enlarged.
Described from the type female and four female paratypes, as follows: Masatierra: Villagra, 3 99 (Feb. 22, 1951); Bahia Cumber- land, 2 (Mar. 10, 1951).
The specimens of this species are not in good condition but, taken together, it is possible to give an accurate description. Because of the considerable infuscation, the pattern is much obscured in some specimens, this type of variability being the rule rather than the exception, in this genus. All of the species of the group to which
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 38]
pepita belongs are similarly colored, for the most part, but pepita is probably nearest to zerophylla. The two can be distinguished easily by examination and comparison of the genitalia. The membranous area surrounding the ostium and the usually long lower lip of ostium of pepita, contrasted with the strongly sclerotized genital plate and much shorter lower lip of ostium of zerophylla, serve to separate the two.
Juania grisea, new species F1iaures 25-26
Alar expanse 14-16 mm.
Labial palpus sordid white; second segment overlaid with blackish fuscous on outer side and also apically on inner side; third segment almost wholly blackish fuscous. Head blackish fuscous, somewhat iridescent; antenna slightly lighter than head, dull. Thorax blackish fuscous; posterior edge of collar and tip of tegula with a few large, sordid-white scales. Forewing ground color blackish fuscous; basal area black; from costal third a black, irregular, outwardly oblique, transverse line extends to middorsum, is preceded by a rather dense sordid-white scaling and followed by a white-centered black spot at end of cell; at apical fourth a very irregular, black, transverse line extends to tornus and is both preceded and followed by sordid-white scaling, particularly in terminal area; on termen a series of three or four small black dots; cilia fuscous with a few white scales mixed; on underside a sometimes conspicuous black spot, preceded and fol- lowed by light scaling from which arises a transverse fuscous band. Hindwing grayish fuscous, paler basally; cilia lighter than terminal area but with a dark basal line; underside marked with an outer fuscous band which is always preceded, and sometimes followed, by light scaling. Legs grayish fuscous trorate and narrowly banded with sordid white. Abdomen grayish fuscous above, sordid white beneath.
Male genitalia (slides 10707, 10246, 10693): Gnathos less than twice the length of uncus. Costal process of harpe digitate, curved. Cucullus triangular, pointed. Sacculus with ventral edge nearly straight. Aedeagus armed with a long, strong hook.
Female genitalia (slides 10660, 10247, 10248, 10694): Ostium rather large, periphery strongly sclerotized; lip of ostium stout, broad, tapering slightly posteriorly, truncate. Ductus bursae membranous except for short area before ostium and with strongly sclerotized, small, conical evagination dorsally before ostium. Inception of ductus seminalis at about posterior third.
Type: Masafuera: Cordén del Barril, 1200 m. (Feb. 17, 1955).
Described from the female type, 10 female and 5 male paratypes as follows: Masafuera: Cordén del Barril, 1200 m., 3 99, & (Feb. 17,
32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
1955) ; Quebrada de las Casas, 7 99, 30°" (Jan. 16-19, 1952; Jan. 22, 1955), Quebrada de las Vacas, o& (Jan. 17, 1951).
Ficures 25-26.—Juania grisea, new species: 25, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 25a, aedeagus; 25b, lateral outline of tegumen, uncus and gnathos; 26, ventral view of female genitalia; 26a, lateral aspect of posterior portion of female genitalia.
This is a very variable species and it is difficult to find an “average” specimen to serve as type. In selecting the type I chose a female, found in copula with one of the male paratypes, with markings approxi- mately between the extremes. Two of the female paratypes have
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE ao
very strongly marked white areas between the dark basal area and first transverse line. Actually, the white scaling is so dense that the light areas appear as oblique white bands. In one specimen, also, the white scales are mixed with ocherous but only one shows this feature. In other paratypes the white scaling is almost nonexistent and even the dark markings are obscured. On the underside several variations of the dark markings, usually preceded and followed by light scaling, are found. These consist of breaks in the transverse bands, complete replacement of the light terminal areas, with fuscous shading into the lines with the consequent reduction of the transverse line of forewing to an obscured costal spot. Despite all these varia- tions, a series of 10 male and female slides leaves only one conclusion to be drawn—that these represent one species only.
In genitalia, grisea is nearest abbreviata from which it differs as described under the latter species.
Juania nitidissima, new species FIGURE 27
Alar expanse 13 mm.
Labial palpus creamy white; second segment dark gray on outer side except ventrally; third segment wholly overlaid with dark gray. Antenna grayish fuscous. Head, thorax, and ground color of fore- wing grayish fuscous with brassy hue; tegula somewhat lighter than center of thorax; in cell and along termen fuscous shading but no distinct, well-defined dark markings; cilia gray with a narrow, dark, basal line. Hindwing grayish fuscous, slightly lighter basally; cilia grayish fuscous with darker basal line. Legs gray, hindtibia and tarsi paler. Abdomen gray, paler beneath.
Female genitalia (slide 10703): Ventral lip of ostium very short, broad, strongly sclerotized. Posterior half of ductus bursae broad, flattened, strongly sclerotized, preceded by a short, lightly ribbed, narrower part which gives rise to the ductus seminalis from about middle.
Type: Masatierra: Cerro Alto, 600 m. (Feb. 1, 1952).
Described from the unique female type. This smooth-winged, virtually unmarked, species might easily be confused with a rubbed or worn specimen of grisea, but the genitalia of the two are widely different and enable ready identification. The long, stout, ventral lip of the ostium of grisea immediately distinguishes it from nitidis- sima. The dull, brassy luster of nitidissima is also a feature that distinguishes it from grisea.
755-910—65——-3
34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
Ficure 27.—Juania nitidissima, new species: ventral view of female genitalia.
Juania abbreviata, new species
FIGuRE 28
Alar expanse 14 mm.
Labial palpus with basal segment white, second and third segments blackish fuscous. Antenna, head, thorax, and ground color of forewing blackish fuscous; antenna with slightly paler annulations; head with slight purplish cast; thorax with white scaling, particularly posteriorly and at tip of tegula; forewing with considerable white scaling; base of forewing black; from basal third of costa to slightly beyond middle of dorsum, an irregular, oblique, transverse black line preceded by white scales; from apical third of costa to tornus an irregular, angulate, transverse black line; cilia grayish fuscous with a few scattered white scales mixed; underside of forewing washed with white and with an outwardly curved, fuscous band slightly beyond apical third. Hindwing sordid white; termen broadly edged with fuscous, interrupted near inner edge by a fine line of ground color; cilia grayish fuscous, white tipped, with a dark subbasal line;
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 35
underside with a narrow, fuscous subterminal band. Legs blackish fuscous; tibiae and tarsi white tipped. Abdomen grayish fuscous, with sparse sordid-white scaling beneath; posterior tip ocherous white.
Ficure 28.—Juania abbreviata, new species: 28, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 28a, aedeagus.
Male genitalia (slide 10689): Typical of the group but with a stout, overall appearance. Gnathos more than twice the length of uncus Costal process of harpe fingerlike, apex rounded. Sacculus strongly sclerotized, broad, ventral edge emarginate. Aedeagus armed with a long, slender hook.
Type: Masafuera: La Correspondencia, 1300 m. (Jan. 20, 1952).
Described from the unique male type. The white hindwings, with the contrasting fuscous terminal band, distinguish abbremata from all the other similar small species of Juania. In male genitalia it is nearest grisea but can be distinguished from it by the longer, parallel-sided cucullus, broader sacculus, and the more slender hook of the aedeagus.
Juania minima, new species
FIGURE 29
Alar expanse 12 mm.
Labial palpus white; second segment grayish fuscous on outer side except base and ventrally; terminal segment grayish fuscous except basally and ventrally. Antenna grayish fuscous with a small blackish spot above on each segment. Head fuscous, frons pale grayish. Thorax fuscous with faint iridescence; tegula and posterior end of thorax with pale grayish scales mixed. Forewing
36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
ground color grayish fuscous; sparse, scattered, white scales over surface particularly in apical third; basal third of forewing diffused blackish fuscous, followed by an oblique paler band of ground color; beyond this, from basal third of costa to middorsum, an indistinct, outwardly oblique band indicated by three, diffuse, ill-defined blackish- fuscous spots; at the end of cell a blackish-fuscous, white-centered spot connected with a large lobe of blackish fuscous extending toward dorsum; at apical fourth, in costal half of wing, a blackish-fuscous spot; cilia grayish fuscous with a few darker scales mixed. Hindwing grayish fuscous, somewhat darker toward termen; cilia grayish fuscous with a darker basal band. Legs grayish fuscous with scattered white and grayish scales mixed; tibiae and tarsi whitish annulated. Abdomen grayish fuscous, paler beneath.
Ficure 29.—Juania minima, new species: 29, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 29a, aedeagus.
Male genitalia (slide 10697): Costal process of harpe long, slender, slightly curved, digitate; sacculus produced as a short, strong point. Uncus narrow, truncate. Gnathos slightly longer than uncus, distal end slightly dilated. Vinculum elongate, longer than uncus and tegumen combined. Aedeagus long, slender, armed with a slender, slightly curved process.
Type: Masatierra: Plazoleta del Yunque (Feb. 12, 1951).
Described from the unique male type. This is one of the “gray” species, gray in superficial appearance because of the combination
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE Sb
of the component colors and markings. The genitalia of minima, because of the development of the vinculum, easily separate it from the other species. It is probably more closely related to grisea than to any of the other species. In addition to the differences in the vincula of the two species, minima can be separated from grisea by the unusually long aedeagus with its long, slender, pointed process.
Juania derelicta, new species Fiaure 30
Alar expanse 11 mm. Labial palpus buff; second and third segments suffused grayish fuscous on outer side. Head, thorax, and ground color of forewing
Ficure 30.—Juania derelicta, new species: 30, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 30a, aedeagus.
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
grayish fuscous, the forewing with a slight coppery luster; posterior tip of tegula and posterior end of thorax somewhat lighter than ground color; extreme costal edge of forewing, between middle and apical fourth, buff; a spot of pale color on termen; cilia grayish. Hindwing grayish fuscous; cilia a shade lighter with a dark basal band. Legs grayish with slight luster; distal ends of tibiae with ill-defined, buff annulations. Abdomen grayish fuscous, somewhat lighter beneath; posterior tip pale gray.
Male genitalia (slide 10708): Harpe broad; costa short, strongly sclerotized, distal end abruptly truncated; cucullus a fleshy, parallel- sided lobe; sacculus elongate, strongly sclerotized, terminating in a broadly triangular process. Anellus a broad crescent. Gnathos curved, asymmetrical, about as long as uncus. Uncus long, wide, curved ventrad. Vinculum longer than uncus and tegumen com- bined; anterior edge cleft for slightly more than half the entire length. Aedeagus long and slender, terminating in a gently curved hook.
Type: Masatierra: El Camote, 600 m. (Dec. 28, 1954).
Described from the unique type male. The type is not in good condition and better material may necessitate altering the description. The genitalia, however, are so striking and distinct that it will not be difficult to determine additional material when it comes to hand. A parallel development of the vinculum is seen in Fernandocrambus oryechus but that of derelicta is even more exaggerated.
This species belongs in the chiloma-glareola group but the vinculum alone will separate derelicta from the other two.
Juania parva, new species Ficure 31
Alar expanse 9 mm.
Labial palpus white; second segment on outer side, and all third segment except extreme tip, dark mouse gray. Antenna, head, thorax, and ground color of forewing blackish fuscous; face sordid white; thorax with considerable sordid-white scaling mixed; basal patch of forewing black, outer edge oblique from costa to dorsum; dorsal half of wing overlaid with sordid white interrupted by irregular, black, transverse lines; in costal half of wing a few scattered sordid-white scales; cilia light grayish fuscous, mixed with white, and with a white spot just below apex and one on midtermen. Hindwing drab, some- what darker toward outer margin; cilia grayish mixed with whitish apically and banded with grayish fuscous. Abdomen gray, posterior tip ocherous white.
Male genitalia (slide 10706): Ventral edge of sacculus thickened; distal end terminating in a large, strongly sclerotized hook. Costa of harpe short, triangular. Cucullus small, slender, weak. Anellus
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 39
a long pear-shaped plate. Vinculum terminating in two widely separated, blunt points. Gnathos asymmetrical, curved. Uncus short, rectangular, posterior edge excavated. Aedeagus robust, armed with a lateroterminal pair of teeth.
Wl a Ficure 31.—Juania parva, new species: 31, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 3la, aedeagus.
Type: Masatierra: El Pangal, 350 m. (Feb. 18, 1951).
Described from the unique male type. This is the smallest of the known species of Juania and appears to be most nearly related to chiloma. It differs from that species by the paired teeth of the aedea- gus, the very slender, weak cucullus and the long, strong terminal hook of sacculus; also, parva lacks any suggestion of the buff longi- tudinal area of forewing of chiloma.
Juania byssifera, new species
Figure 32
Alar expanse 14 mm.
Labial palpus buff; second and third segments light drab on outer side. Antenna drab except some buff scaling toward base; scape buff. Head light ochraceous buff, slightly darker posteriorly. Tho- rax and forewing grayish fuscous; from base of forewing to termen a slender, buff, longitudinal line; extreme costal edge narrowly yellowish; ground color somewhat mottled but, except for longitudinal line, forewing without distinct markings; cilia grayish fuscous except
40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
apical cilia and spot at end of pale line, buff. Hindwing drab gray; cilia concolorous except for darker basal band. Legs buff overlaid and suffused with drab. Abdomen drab above, paler beneath; posterior tip ocherous white.
Figure 32.—Juania byssifera, new species: 32, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 32a, aedeagus.
Male genitalia (slide 10709): Costa of harpe terminating in long curved process; cucullus broadly triangular, fleshy; sacculus elongate, triangular, terminating in nearly straight, digitate, sclerotized process. Anterior edge of vinculum deeply excavated. Gnathos stout, curved, asymmetrical, less than twice as long as uncus. Uncus broader posteriorly than basally. Aedeagus moderately long, slender, armed with terminal hook.
Type: Masatierra: El Camote, 600 m. (Jan. 9, 1955).
Described from the unique male type. The clear-cut uninterrupted, longitudinal stripe at once separates byssifera from other members of the genus. The genitalia of byssifera place it with those species having a vinculum with deeply excavated anterior edge and it is probably nearest chiloma. It is separated from chiloma by the costal process of harpe, slender extension of sacculus and the longer, more slender aedeagus.
Juania chiloma, new species
Fiaures 33-34 Alar expanse 9-12 mm. Labial palpus pale buff; second and terminal segments shaded with grayish fuscous on outer side. Head pale buff with slight
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 4]
infuscation posteriorly. Antenna pale buff shaded with grayish fuscous above and distally. Thorax buff, strongly suffused with grayish fuscous. Forewing ground color buff; from base of costa to middle an elongate fuscous shade broadening toward outer end and extending across wing to fold; basal third of wing, dorsally, fuscous, this area not connected with the costal shade and the two with a longitudinal streak of ground color between; apical third of wing strongly shaded with fuscous but with a narrow band of ground
Ficures 33-34.— Juania chiloma, new species: 33, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 33a, aedeagus; 34, ventral view of female genitalia.
color along termen; between the basal and apical dark areas the ground color is suffused grayish fuscous; cilia buff at apex; pale grayish fuscous, with a basal fuscous band, along termen and tornus; entire wing with slight brassy hue. Hindwing grayish fuscous; cilia a shade lighter with a dark subbasal band. Legs buff, lightly suffused with grayish fuscous; tarsi broadly banded with fuscous. Abdomen grayish fuscous; somewhat paler beneath; posterior tip suffused buff.
Male genitalia (slide 10699): Costa strongly sclerotized basally and without any process. Sacculus long and broad with curved,
42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
bluntly pointed terminal process and with ventral edge curled slightly before the terminal process. Gnathos extremely asymmetrical, the long, curved distal process arising on left side. Uncus short, broad, rounded, posterior edge slightly indented. Vinculum very broad, anterior edge deeply excavated. Aedeagus slightly bent and armed with a short, stout terminal thorn.
Female genitalia (slide 10700): Ventral lip of ostium excessively developed, dilated posteriorly and posterior edge excavated (vari- able). Posterior two-fifths of ductus bursae very strongly sclerotized, round in cross section, remainder of ductus bursae membranous. Inception of ductus seminalis slightly anterior to sclerotized part of ductus bursae.
Type: Masatierra: Villagra (Feb. 22, 1951).
Described from the type female, one male paratype (same data as type) and one male and three female paratypes as follows: Masa- tierra: Cerro Alto, 600 m., 2 99 (Feb. 1, 1952); Picacho Central, 600 m., 2 (Feb. 4, 1952); Quebrada la Laura, @ (Mar. 1, 1951).
In type of male genitalia reminiscent of Fernandocrambus fuscus. In general appearance chiloma is more like imitator than any of the other species of this genus. From imitator, this species can be separated easily by the absence of a costal process of the harpe and the enormous development of the ventral lip of the ostium.
Juania imperfecta, new species FIGURE 35
Alar expanse 18 mm. (estimated; apices of both forewings missing).
Labial palpus clay color; first and second segments buff on inner side. Antenna grayish fuscous, with scattered clay-colored scales; scape clay color. Head, thorax, and ground color of forewing clay color; posterior tip of tegula and posterior end of thorax slightly lighter than ground color; from base of wing to end of cell a yellowish buff, longitudinal streak broadens and darkens, merging with the ground color toward termen; from the longitudinal streak to costa wing shaded dark brown, this color fading toward apex; cilia (at tornus) gray. Hindwing gray; cilia pale gray with a dark basal band. Legs buff, strongly overlaid and suffused with grayish fuscous. Abdomen grayish fuscous, paler beneath.
Male genitalia (slide 10649): Harpe moderately broad; costa short, strongly sclerotized, arched; cucullus triangular with broad base; sacculus wide, strongly sclerotized, cupped, bluntly rounded, apex curved ventrad. Anellus a broad, lightly sclerotized plate. Gnathos symmetrical, terminating in a short point. Uncus broad basally, pointed, about two-thirds the length of gnathos. Vinculum
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 493
narrowed anteriorly, terminating in two curved points. Aedeagus straight, armed with short, sharp, apical hook.
Type: Masatierra: El Camote, 600 m. (Mar. 17, 1951).
Described from the unique male type.
STILLS 1a MCL LEE ES EES Ligind
35 35a
Figure 35.—Juania imperfecta, new species: 35, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 35a, aedeagus.
Despite the damage to the forewings the species is so distinct it merits description. This species also falls in the chiloma group but can be distinguished from the others primarily by its symmetrical enathos. In pattern imperfecta somewhat resembles byssifera, but imperfecta is a larger insect and the median longitudinal streak does not retain its linear form all the way to termen as in byssifera.
Juania imitator, new species FiauREs 36-37
Alar expanse 11-12 mm.
Labial palpus ivory; second and third segments suffused olive drab on outer side. Antenna olive drab. Head light ochraceous buff except olive-drab frons. Thorax olive drab with light ochraceous buff mixed, the latter, in some specimens, to the almost total exclusion of the darker color. Forewing olive drab; from base to termen a central, longitudinal, pale ochraceous-buff line interrupted at slightly beyond middle, and again before termen, by bars of the ground color; the subterminal bar extended obliquely to apical third of costa and to tornus; the entire wing surface brassy hued; cilia light olive drab. Hindwing light grayish fuscous, darker toward termen and apex; cilia lighter with a dark basal band. Legs pale buff suffused with fuscous. Abdomen olive drab above, paler beneath.
44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
Male genitalia (slides 10695, 10698): Costal arm of harpe curved, sharply pointed; apex of cucullus rounded; terminal process of sacculus short, bluntly pointed. Uncus narrow. Gnathos less than twice the length of uncus. Aedeagus armed with a short, stout hook.
Female genitalia (slide 10696): Genital plate strongly sclerotized, narrowed at ostium. Ventral lip of ostium short, evenly rounded. Ductus bursae sclerotized for short distance before ostium. Inception of ductus seminalis at junction of membranous and sclerotized parts of ductus bursae.
Ficures 36-37.—Juania imitator, new species: 36, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 36a, aedeagus; 36b, ventrolateral outline of uncus and gnathos; 37, ventral view of female genitalia.
Type: Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas (Jan. 16, 1952).
Described from the type male, 5’ and one o paratypes all from the same locality with same date.
Superficially imitator resembles a small Crambus and, indeed, if it were not for the venation, one would place it there. At a casual glance imitator might be mistaken for chiloma from which it is easily distinguished by the longitudinal, interrupted pale streak of forewing which the latter lacks. In genitalia imitator can be distinguished from chiloma by the presence of a costal process the latter lacks and by the absence of widely separated points of vinculum. The enormous
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZISLANDS—CLARKE 45
ventral lip of ostium of chiloma, absent in imitator, distinguishes the two at once.
With the type series, but not as part of it, I associate a female from Masafuera, Quebrada de la Calavera (Jan. 15, 1952). This specimen measures 14 mm. in alar expanse and shows slight differences in the size and shape of the ventral lip of ostium, which is narrower and proportionately longer than in typical imitator; but the markings are the same and more material, including males, is needed to prove or disprove the correctness of the association.
Juania glareola, new species
FiaureEs 38-39
Alar expanse 9.5-11 mm.
Labial palpus buff; second segment overlaid with grayish fuscous on outer side except ventrally; third segment almost wholly grayish fuscous. Antenna grayish fuscous. Head, thorax, and ground color
38a
Ficures 38-39.— Juania glareola, new species: 38, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 38a, aedeagus; 39, ventral view of female genitalia.
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
of forewing drab mixed with gray; forewing with indistinct pale longi- tudinal streak from base to slightly below apex; dorsum and apex shaded with fuscous; apical cilia whitish and confluent with pale longitudinal streak, remainder light grayish fuscous. Hindwing grayish fuscous, paler basally; cilia grayish with darker basal band. Legs drab; tarsi with indistinct pale annulations. Abdomen grayish fuscous, somewhat lighter beneath.
Male genitalia (slide 10710): Harpe broad; costa with short, flattened terminal process; cucullus subtriangular, outer edge strongly curved; sacculus broad, heavily sclerotized and terminating in a broad, bluntly pointed, short process. Gnathos asymmetrical, twisted, more than twice the length of uncus. Uncus almost as wide as long, apex rounded. Aedeagus stout with apical, beaked process.
Female genitalia (slide 10702): Ostium transverse, oval, periphery strongly sclerotized; ventral lip of ostium about as broad as long and posterior edge rounded. Ductus bursae membranous. Inception of ductus seminalis slightly posterior to junction of ductus bursae and bursa copulatrix.
Type: Masatierra: Salsipuedes, 400 m. (Mar. 5, 1951).
Described from the type male and one female paratype with same data. A nondescript insect with scarcely any distinctive superficial features. The longitudinal pale streak is ill defined (more clearly so in the worn female) and best indicated by the whitish terminal spot. The male genitalia suggest a close relationship to chiloma. In both species the uncus is very short and the gnathos is asymmetrical and distorted but glareola can be distinguished from chiloma by the presence of a costal process on harpe, a broader, bluntly pointed sacculus, and the beaked apex of the aedeagus. The females do not exhibit this close relationship. The enormous ventral lip of the ostium of chiloma and the strongly sclerotized posterior section of ductus bursae im- mediately separate chiloma from glareola.
Juania loxia, new species
FiaureE 40
Alar expanse 15 mm.
Labial palpus sordid white; second segment overlaid with grayish fuscous on outer side; terminal segment wholly grayish fuscous. Antenna and head blackish fuscous, the latter with some light scaling on crown. Thorax and ground color of forewing blackish fuscous; posterior edge of collar, distal end of tegula and posterior end of thorax sordid white; costal edge of forewing grayish; at basal fifth, beginning inside costa, an outwardly oblique, rectangular sordid-white patch extends to dorsum; on dorsum, inside light patch, a light-brown
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 47
spot; from apical sixth of costa an irregular, sordid-white line, parallel to termen, extends to tornus; between this light line and termen, in dorsal half, some light-brown shading; cilia gray; underside of costa with a pronounced white spot. Hindwing light fuscous; cilia con- colorous but with a grayish cast and with a dark subbasal line. Legs grayish fuscous with white bands at ends of tibiae and tarsi. Abdo- men grayish fuscous.
Ficure 40.—Juania loxia, new species: ventral view of female genitalia.
Female genitalia (slide 10662): Area posterior to ostium mem- branous; ventral lip of ostium narrowly triangular and weakly sclero- tized. Anterior apophyses absent. Ductus bursae membranous. Inception of ductus seminalis in posterior third of ductus bursae.
Type: Masatierra: Picacho Central, 600 m. (Feb. 4, 1952).
Described from the unique type female. The coloring of this species is striking because the dark, contrasting ground color is set off by the light basal area and subterminal line forming, roughly, a conspicuous triangle. In genitalia lozia is nearest paraloxia as indicated by the ventral lip of the ostium and the absence of the anterior apophyses.
48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
Juania paraloxia, new species
Fiaure 41
Alar expanse 14 mm.
Labial palpus white; second segment with slight grayish-fuscous shading distally on outer side; third segment almost wholly grayish fuscous. Antenna grayish fuscous except for a white line ventrally in basal half. Thorax fuscous; tegula and collar grayish fuscous with white scaling along edges; posterior end of thorax whitish. Fore- wing ground color fuscous, interrupted by an outwardly oblique
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Lithvd, \\W ork besehy/ MMI Wee, a pen is ad f ae
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Ficure 41.—Juania paraloxia, new species: ventral view of female genitalia.
whitish patch from inside costa at basal fifth to dorsum; a subterminal, oblique whitish line from apical sixth of costa to tornus and a large whitish ovate spot between the other two white markings; some light- brown shading, between subterminal light line and termen, followed by three ill-defined pale areas before cilia; cilia gray; underside with an elongate white, preapical spot on costa. Hindwing grayish fuscous; cilia concolorous with darker basal line. Legs light grayish
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 49
fuscous with pale annulations at ends of tibiae and tarsi. Abdomen grayish fuscous with whitish scaling beneath.
Female genitalia (slide 10384): Genital plate broad; area posterior to ostium membranous. Ventral lip of ostium narrowly triangular but broadened abruptly at base; weakly sclerotized. Anterior apophyses absent. Ductus bursae membranous except extreme posterior portion. Inception of ductus seminalis slightly before posterior third.
Type: Masatierra: El Camote, 600 m. (Mar. 17, 1951).
Described from the unique female type. The type specimen lacks the right forewing and is otherwise in only fair condition but is a striking insect closely related to loxia. The chief point of external difference between paralozia and loxia is the presence of the large ovate light spot in the central area of the forewing of the former and absence in the latter. The genital plate of paralozia is broader than that of loxia and the ventral lip of ostium is much more slender in loxia than in paralozxia.
Juania magnifica, new species FiaurEe 42
Alar expanse 40-43 mm.
Labial palpus white; basal segment with a pale grayish-fuscous spot outwardly; second segment with longitudinal, oblique, grayish- fuscous band from base, dorsally, to apex ventrally; third segment suffused grayish fuscous. Antenna, scape white with fuscous spot dorsally, remainder sordid whitish suffused grayish fuscous. Head white suffused grayish fuscous anteriorly and laterally. Thorax and ground color of forewing white, the former with pale grayish-fuscous mottling; extreme base of costa narrowly blackish fuscous; from slightly before middle of costa, inwardly along vein 12, then out- wardly to middle of dorsum, an irregular fuscous transverse line; from costa, at apical fourth, an outwardly oblique fuscous, broken line extends to vein 6, then continues to tornus nearly parallel to termen; between the two transverse lines a white diamond-shaped spot narrowly edged with fuscous; termen marked with six blackish- fuscous spots at the ends of the veins; remainder of wing irregularly irrorate or lightly suffused with grayish fuscous, paler basally; cilia paler than wing, apical cilia white. Legs white, suffused and spotted with fuscous; markings of hindleg confined to grayish-fuscous tarsal spots. Abdomen grayish fuscous above, paler beneath.
Female genitalia (slide 10383): The unusually large spatulate process, arising on the ventroanterior edge of the ostium and extend- ing almost to the tip of the ovipositor, is an extreme development of
similar processes found in other species of Crambidae. 755-910 —65——4
50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
Type: Masatierra: Plazoleta del Yunque (Jan. 2, 1952).
Described from the female type and two female paratypes as fol- lows: Masatierra, ?, same data as types: 9, Bahia Cumberland (Mar. 4, 1951).
This is the largest known species of the genus and is a striking insect. The male is not known.
Ficure 42.—Juania magnifica, new species: lateral view of female genitalia.
Family Pyralidae Subfamily Scopariinae Genus Scoparia Haworth
The species of Scoparia are separated by the following key:
1. Labial palpus white or sordid white. ... . 6h emcee Labial palpus cinnamon buff, overlaid with fiecouns on enter ide
pyraustoides, new species
2. Alar expanse 22mm... . nS Ohh sete Sime. Cela. Mewes pecies
Alar expanse 26mm.,ormore. ....... . . . .matuta, new species
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 5]
Scoparia matuta, new species Fiaures 43-44
Alar expanse <o, 28-31 mm., 9, 26 mm.
Labial palpus white; outer side of second segment buffy brown with dark spot near base. Head white, mixed with pale brown; face almost wholly buffy brown. Antenna light brown with fuscous spots above. Thorax and ground color of forewing buffy brown; tegula fuscous on basal, inner half; metathorax with some white scaling; at apical fourth an irregular white line outwardly oblique to vein 6, then inwardly oblique to dorsum before tornus; the white line is preceded
Ficures 43-44.—Scoparia matuta, new species: 43, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 43a, aedeagus; 43b, lateral outline of tegumen, uncus and gnathos; 44, ventral view of female genitalia; 44a, detail of wall of bursa copulatrix.
52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
by fuscous shading; surface of forewing irregularly marked with fuscous and white streaks; around termen a series of slender fuscous dashes along veins; cilia pale buffy brown mixed with fuscous and white scales. Hindwing pale yellowish gray shaded with fuscous along outer margin; cilia pale grayish with whitish median, and grayish- fuscous basal lines. Legs white overlaid and shaded with buffy brown and pale brown. Abdomen pale pearly gray with fuscous shading laterally and slight fuscous irroration ventrally.
Male genitalia (slide 10640): The vesica is armed with three long slightly curved cornuti at the base of which is a cluster of small fine ones.
Female genitalia (slide 10674): The female genitalia are somewhat atypical, the signum consisting of a very slender sclerotized ridge with some sclerotization around it, rather than a scobinate patch or a few spines. Ductus bursae sclerotized in posterior third, flattened and broad at ostium.
Type: Masafuera: La Correspondencia, 1150 m.
Described from the male type, 11 male and one female paratypes all from the type locality. (Jan. 18, 1955 to Feb. 15, 1955.)
The female of this species, although marked similarly, is strikingly different from the males in general appearance. It is not only smaller than the males but the wings are much narrower with the costal and dorsal margins nearly parallel. The apices of both fore- and hind- wings are produced and acutely pointed and the terminal margins are concave. This sort of dimorphism is not uncommon in insular areas but this is the only example I know from these islands.
Scoparia dela, new species FicurE 45
Alar expanse 22 mm.
Labial palpus sordid white; second segment strongly overlaid with fuscous on outer side and with pale brownish on lower half of inner surface; third segment ground color almost wholly obscured by pale brownish suffusion. Head white mixed with pale brownish scales; antenna with scape whitish, remainder pale brown with whitish scales at ends of segments. Thorax and ground color of forewing sordid white; tegula with fuscous base and with pale yellowish scales mixed with the white ground posteriorly; extreme edge of costa, from base to two-fifths, blackish fuscous; from base of costa to fold an out- wardly oblique blackish-fuscous bar; from basal two-fifths of costa an outwardly oblique, transverse, blackish-fuscous line extends to dorsum; from this line two spurs of similar color extend into cell and
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 53
along lower edge of cell to vein 2; on costa, slightly beyond middle and well before apex, two blackish-fuscous spots; at end of cell a large, bilobed spot of same color; around termen, between veins, a series of short, blackish-fuscous dashes; entire surface of wing covered with scattered blackish-fuscous scales; cilia white spotted with fus- cous. Hindwing shining yellowish white suffused with pale fuscous and with an ill-defined, subterminal fuscous band; cilia whitish with slight infuscation. Legs whitish overlaid and banded with fuscous. Abdomen sordid whitish somewhat infuscated.
45a
Ficure 45.—Scoparia dela, new species: 45, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 45a, aedeagus.
Male genitalia (slide 10679): Vesica armed with a group of four long, slender cornuti arising from a common base, and a single, weak cornutus dorsal to the group. Gnathos slender, about as long as uncus.
Type: Masafuera: La Correspondencia, 1150 m. (Jan. 28, 1955).
Described from the unique type male. A distinct species resem- bling North American forms. The genitalia are typical. S. dela can be distinguished from matuta and pyraustoides, besides by the colora- tion and markings, by the short gnathos which is equal in length to the uncus. In the other two species the gnathos is appreciably longer than the uncus. This species is further distinguished from pyraustoides by the presence of cornuti which pyraustoides lacks; from matuta by the absence of the cluster of small, weak cornuti at the base of the group of larger ones.
54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
Scoparia pyraustoides, new species
Fiaure 46
Alar expanse 25-28 mm.
Labial palpus light cinnamon buff, outer side overlaid with fuscous. Head and antenna light cinnamon buff, the latter with tiny fuscous spots at the ends of the segments. Thorax and ground color of fore- wing light cinnamon buff; tegula fuscous at base and thorax with some dark suffusion; costa with extreme base fuscous and with some dark suffusion about middle; from basal quarter of costa to basal third of dorsum an irregular, indistinct, outwardly oblique fuscous line followed by a fuscous spot in cell; at outer end of cell a large, quadrate fuscous blotch; from outer fourth of costa an indistinct, fuscous, transverse line outwardly oblique to vein 6, thence inwardly
Ficure 46.—Scoparia pyraustoides, new species: 46, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 46a, aedeagus.
oblique to dorsum slightly before tornus; this transverse line ac- centuated where it crosses veins; between the outer transverse line and termen some dark suffusion; cilia cinnamon buff with a narrow fuscous basal line. Hindwing ocherous white, shading to cinnamon buff at apex and around margin; cilia cinnamon buff with scattered fuscous scales mixed. Legs whitish ocherous; femora and _ tibiae overlaid, and tarsi spotted, with fuscous. Abdomen whitish ocherous, somewhat darker beneath, and with a ventrolateral line of fuscous spots.
Male genitalia (slide 10398): Vesica without cornuti (at least in type).
Type: Masatierra: El Yunque, 515 m. (Feb. 10, 1952).
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 55
Described from the male type and two male paratypes as follows: Type male and one male paratype with same data; one male para- type, Masatierra: Alto Francés, 500 m. (Jan. 16, 1955).
Superficially this species looks like a typical pyraustid. Apparently pyraustoides is nearest matuta from which it can be distinguished by the absence of cornuti.
Subfamily Pyraustinae
Genus Oeobia Hiibner
Oeobia ragonotii (Butler), new combination Fiaures 47-48
Mella ragonotii Butler, 1883, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. 59.
Scoparia ragonoti (Butler), Hampson, 1897, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1897, p. 233.
Scoparia ragonoti (Butler), Aurivillius, 1922, zn Skottsberg, The natural history of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 265.
Alar expanse 19-25 mm.
Male genitalia (slide 10262): Vesica armed with a single, small cornutus.
Female genitalia (slide 10264): Signa consisting of a diamond- shaped plate and a curved, spined plate at the junction of the ductus bursae and bursa copulatrix.
Type: British Museum (Natural History).
Type locality: Valparaiso, Chile.
Distribution: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland o’, 6 92 (Mar. 4, 1951, Jan. 3-4, 1952, Jan. 14, 1955); Plazoleta del Yunque, o, 2 99 (Jan. 2-3, 1952, Feb. 20, 1951); Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas, 4c'o’', 2 99 (Jan. 14-19, 1952, Feb. 21, 1955); Santa Clara: El Corral, 3070’, 3 99 (Jan. 6, 1952).
This is one of the few species found widespread in the islands. It is a mainland form, described from Valparaiso, and is probably more widely distributed than present records indicate.
Certainly ragonoti is misplaced in Scoparia and I am, therefore, transferring it out of that genus. In placing it in Oeobia I do so with some misgiving but the species is not a scopariine; it is a pyraustine, hence this present assignment. The fact remains, however, that the venation does not agree with most species assigned to Ocobia but the male genitalia indicate that ragonotii belongs in this general group. The female genitalia are atypical for the genus. In general appear- ance ragonoti is strikingly similar to Oeobia crambialis (Grote) though it is a smaller insect.
56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
Ficures 47-48.—Ocobia ragonotii (Butler): 47, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 47a, aedeagus; 48, ventral view of female genitalia.
Giorgia, new genus
Type-species: Giorgia crena, new species.
Antenna fasciculate and finely ciliate in male, filiform in female. Labial palpus upturned; second segment roughened in front; third segment one-half length of second, cylindrical, smooth. Maxillary palpus dilated with scales. Head roughened posteriorly; frons rounded. Forewing smooth, moderately narrow, 12 veins; vein 2 from well before angle; 3, 4, and 5 about equidistant at base, divergent; 6 nearly twice as far from 7 as 7 is from 8; 7 to costa; 8 and 9 long
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—-CLARKE 57
stalked, approximate to 10, from upper angle of cell; 11 short, from near angle of cell. Hindwing without pecten on median vein; with 7 veins; 2 remote; 3 well before angle; 4 and 5 approximate; 7 and 8 united; 6 approximate and joined to 7 and 8 by short crossvein. Both fore- and hindwings with termen emarginate below apex. Inner and outer tibial spurs of about equal length.
Male genitalia with simple harpe. Gnathos and uncus present. Anellus well developed. Vesica armed.
Female genitalia with signum present, anterior.
In Hampson’s key (1898) this genus runs to Sufetula Walker and, in fact, resembles it superficially. In Sufetula, however, veins 7 and 8 of forewing both go to termen while in Giorgia both go to costa. In the hindwing of Giorgia veins 7 and 8 are coincident but in Sufetula they are stalked.
In placing this rather singular genus in the Pyraustinae, I do so with some misgiving. The gnathos suggests placement elsewhere but, perhaps, the genus goes as well here as elsewhere. At best the genus is aberrant.
Giorgia crena, new species
Ficures 49-52
Alar expanse 9-13 mm.
Labial palpus cartridge buff except second segment fuscous on outer surface and third segment wholly fuscous. Antenna grayish, cilia silvery, a spot of black scales at end of each segment. Head pale gray; face cartridge buff. Thorax and ground color of forewing cream buff, the ground color largely obscured by dark markings; thorax finely and closely irrorate with fuscous; basal sixth of forewing fuscous, the ground color showing through faintly; basal patch followed by a band of ground color irrorate with fuscous; beyond this a broad, outwardly oblique, fuscous blotch extending to middle of wing and joined to a narrower, inwardly oblique sayal brown spot, the latter joined to a narrow, irrorate fuscous area extending to dorsum; beyond the above band of dark color a broad band of ground color crossed by two irregular, slender, fuscous transverse lines, each broadened on costa and dorsum; from apical third of costa, to tornus, a broad, dark band consisting of a fuscous blotch on costa and a similar one above tornus; between the two fuscous blotches, and joined to them, a sayal brown spot containing two longitudinal fuscous streaks; on tornus a narrow fuscous streak with a sayal brown spot between it and the fuscous blotch above tornus; between this bi- colored, dark, transverse fascia and termen, cream buff, shading to erayish fuscous on termen; cilia cream buff with grayish-fuscous spots at apex, midtermen and tornus; underside drab, with a broad,
58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
Ficures 49-52.—Giorgia crena, new genus and new species: 49, ventral view of male geni- talia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 49a, aedeagus; 49b, terminal armature of aedeagus; 49c, lateral aspect of tegumen, uncus and gnathos; 50, ventral view of female genitalia; 51, lateral aspect of head to show palpus; 52, venation of right wings.
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 59
fuscous subterminal band preceded on costa by a cream-buff spot. Hindwing drab crossed by four indistinct, suffused, fuscous bands, alternating with cream buff, in dorsal half of wing, the outer band represented by a conspicuous fuscous blotch; cilia cream buff with conspicuous fuscous basal band at apex and along termen; underside with three well-defined grayish-fuscous bands. Legs grayish fuscous except buff outer side of first femur and narrow, suffused, annulations on all tarsi. Abdomen fuscous with narrow, pale, grayish annula- tions; first three or four segments white beneath; on third segment, dorsally a conspicuous buff spot; anal tuft buff.
Male genitalia (slides 10245, 10363): Harpe simple, narrow at base and widened toward cucullus. Uncus as long as gnathos, di- lated toward apex and sharply pointed; gnathos slender, slightly curved and armed with a series of sawlike teeth on posterior edge. Anellus an elongate sclerotized plate, slightly convex ventrally. Aedeagus short, stout, armed with two strong hooks. Vinculum a narrow band.
Female genitalia (slides 10249, 10364): Ostium moderately broad, posterior edge concave. Ductus bursae membranous except for a short distance before ostium. Inception of ductus seminalis at junction of membranous and sclerotized parts of ductus bursae. Bursa copulatrix, pear shaped, broader posteriorly than anteriorly; signum a four-pointed, scobinate plate (in one example the ventral point, nearest observer, is produced more than a third the length of bursa copulatrix).
Type: Masafuera: Inocentes Bajos, 1000 m. (Jan. 27, 1952).
Food plant: Diksonia berteriana (Colla) Hooker.
Described from the type male and 30 oo and 6 99 paratypes as follows: Masafuera: La Correspondencia, 1300 m., 2 @o (Jan. 21, 1952); Inocentes Bajos, 1000 m., 13 jo (Jan. 27, 1952); Quebrada de la Calavera, 350 m., 8 oo" (Jan. 15, 1952, Jan. 23, 1955); Que- brada de las Casas, o7, 2 (Jan. 19, 1952); Quebrada de las Vacas, 7 (Jan. 17, 1952). Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland, 5 &', 5 99 (Feb. 15-Mar. 4, 1951, Mar. 18, 1955).
As indicated elsewhere in this paper, there are very few of the species that are represented on more than one of the islands of this group. In the case of crena, however, there can be no doubt about the identity of the populations found on Masatierra and Masafuera. The examples from Masafuera all, apparently, from relatively high altitudes, show a constancy of coloration not found in the Masatierra specimens. The latter, all from the one locality at low altitude, exhibit considerable variation among themselves and all are different from the Masafuera group. In addition to the brown spots indicated in the description, there is a spot of similar color at the end of cell of
60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
forewing in all of the Bahia Cumberland examples: one specimen has the forewing almost entirely sayal brown with fuscous prominent on only the basal half of costa, the apex and in the terminal area. Four of the females show no trace of the pale median band, the entire area being fuscous; in one male the dorsal half of the light transverse band has been similarly replaced with fuscous.
The proportion of sexes is also a matter of interest. In the sample from Masafuera the males outnumber the females by 25 to 1 but in the Masatierra series the sexes are evenly divided. It appears that the date of sampling is a factor here. The Masafuera specimens were taken in January but all of those from Masatierra were caught from mid-February to mid-March.
Genus Mnesictena Meyrick
Mnesictena tetragramma, new species
Fiaure 53
Alar expanse 17-18 mm.
Labial palpus cream buff beneath; second segment brick red above the cream-buff lower part; third segment black with a few brick-red scales mixed. Antenna blackish fuscous with a few scattered pale scales in outer half. Head brick red with tawny scales posteriorly. Thorax brick red anteriorly, the remainder blackish fuscous with
Ficure 53.—Mnesictena tetragramma, new species: 53, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 53a, aedeagus.
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 6]
tawny scales posteriorly; tegula mixed with tawny and reddish scales posteriorly. Forewing fuscous, strongly overlaid with ferruginous; at two-fifths of costa a straight, transverse, ill-defined, fuscous line extends to dorsum at basal third; from apical sixth of costa a transverse, ill-defined line extends to vein 2 as a gently curved arc, along vein 2 to cell, then diagonally to vein 1c, outwardly on 1c, then straight to dorsum at outer two-thirds; in cell, in a straight line, three small white dots preceded aad followed by blackish-fuscous scales; on outer half of costa four ocherous-tawny spots alternating with suffused shades of blackish fuscous; on termen seven tiny, ill-defined blackish- fuscous dots; cilia fuscous basally shading to ocherous tawny mixed with cream buff; underside overlaid ferruginous outwardly; costal spots accentuated; a conspicuous black spot at end of cell. Hindwing grayish fuscous; on discocellulars, at bases of veins 6 and 8, a black spot preceded by a whitish area of wing; from apical fourth of costa, paralleling termen, an irregular blackish-fuscous line extends to anal veins; cilia grayish fuscous basally shading to ocherous tawny mixed with cream buff; dark markings of upper surface repeated and accen- tuated on under surface. Legs ocherous buff overlaid with brick red and suffused basally with fuscous; spurs grayish fuscous. Abdomen erayish fuscous above, buff beneath.
Male genitalia (slide 10399): Harpe broad at base, cucullus tapering, narrow, bluntly pointed; sacculus strongly sclerotized but simple; clasper dilated distally and truncate. Anellus roughly elongate oval, constricted posteriorly. Uncus broad basally, bluntly pointed; posterior surface clothed with long, strong setae. Vinculum U-shaped, narrow. Aedeagus moderately stout, curved; vesica armed with a single long, slender cornutus.
Type: Masatierra: El Yunque, 915 m. (Feb. 10, 1952).
Described from the type male and one male paratype with same data.
In placing this species in the New Zealand genus Mnesictena, I do so with reservation. At any rate, tetragramma does not belong in any of the described South American genera and, except for having a longer labial palpus, agrees in all respects with Meyrick’s genus. This species looks like a smaller and less well-marked example of Pionea fumipennis but is, of course, easily distinguished from it.
Genus Pionea Guenée
Pionea fumipennis (Warren) Fiaureks 54-55
Ebulea fumipennis Warren, 1892, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 9, p. 392— Hampson, 1899, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1899, p. 249.—Aurivillius, 1922,
62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
in Skottsberg, The natural history of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 266, pl. 11, fig. 16. Type: British Museum (Natural History). Type locality: “Juan Fernandez.” Distribution: Masatierra: Villagra @ (Feb. 21, 1951); Plazoleta del Yunque, 220 m. o& (Jan. 9, 1952); &, 8 99 (Mar. 3, 1955).
/ 1 {
See (CTH 54a Key
Ficures 54-55.—Pionea fumipennis (Warren): 54, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 54a, aedeagus; 55, ventral view of female genitalia.
When Warren described this species he gave the type locality as California. Aurivillius, in Skottsberg, listed the species from Masa- tierra but questioned his identification because of Warren’s locality. I have examined Warren’s types in the British Museum (Natural History) and have also seen Skottsberg’s specimens. There is no question of the identity of the two lots and certainly the material presently at hand is the same. Mr. W. H. T. Tams has written me as follows: ‘The two specimens of Pionea fumipennis (Warren) are certainly labeled ‘Juan Fernandez 84-72.’ I have looked up the register and find that they were presented by Commander J. J. Walker, R.N., together with 670 other Lepidoptera, ‘many rare,’ from such
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 63
places as Chile, Straits of Magellan, etc., which means that they were caught by J. J. Walker himself. Obviously, Warren’s statement in print is a slip.”” The California record, therefore, is in error and the species should be dropped from our North American lists because the specific identity of the Juan Fernandez material is a certainty.
In this species there is a marked sexual dimorphism characterized by a contrasting pattern in the male and obscure pattern and somber coloring in the female. The conspicuous pale costal spot of the male forewing, repeated on the underside, is obscured and scarcely dis- cernible in the female. On the underside of the female forewing, however, this spot is nearly as pronounced as in the male. The forewing of the female is light brown above, overlaid with vinaceous scales. The ill-defined fuscous markings of the forewing consist of two subcostal spots preceding and following the pale costal spot; a transverse line at one-third, another subterminally, and a patch of scales at the base of wing dorsally.
In all probability fumipennis will have to be transferred out of Pionea but that must be left to the revisers of the pyraloids. For the present I am leaving the species in Pionea. The male and female genitalia are figured from specimens from Masatierra, slides, 3, 10400 and 9, 10638.
Genus Pyrausta Schrank
Pyrausta louvinia, new species Fiaure 56
Alar expanse 18 mm.
Labial palpus white beneath; second and third segments grayish fuscous mixed with pale reddish scales. Antenna grayish fuscous with neutral red scales on scape. Head, thorax, and ground color of forewing neutral red; head with fuscous and gray scales mixed, particularly posteriorly; metathorax with mixed fuscous and pale gray; extreme costa of forewing pale tawny mixed with fuscous basally; from basal fourth of costa a fine, ill-defined black line outwardly oblique to cell, then, at right angles, inwardly oblique to basal fourth of dorsum; remainder of forewing covered with sparse, fine black scales; tornus with suffused blackish shade; cilia grayish fuscous, paler apically and irrorate with reddish scales; underside fuscous with a narrow tawny shade along costa. Hindwing fuscous, paler basally; cilia grayish fuscous, paler apically and mixed with light tawny. Legs grayish fuscous; foreleg overlaid with fuscous on outer side; mid- and hindlegs suffused grayish. Abdomen fuscous with scattered brassy scales on first three segments dorsally; re-
64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
mainder of segments narrowly edged with grayish; first three seg- ments cinereous beneath.
Male genitalia (slide 10402): Clasper a blunt, sclerotized process, directed toward base of harpe; cucullus broadly rounded. Anellus a transverse, rectangular plate, articulated at each posterolateral
Ficure 56.—Pyrausta louvinia, new species: 56, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 56a, aedeagus.
corner with a slender arm of the transtilla. Uncus an elongated triangle. Vinculum narrow with scale-tuft membrane attached. Aedeagus stout, slightly bent; vesica armed with a cluster of fine cornuti.
Type: Masatierra: Miradero de Selkirk, 550 m. (Feb. 15, 1951). Described from the unique male type. Similar in coloring to the Mexican P. volupialis Grote, but darker, and lacking the light trans- verse line of the forewing of that species.
Genus Loxostege Hiibner
Loxostege oxalis, new species Fiaure 57 Alar expanse 26 mm. Labial palpus ochraceous buff; second and third segments with a few red-brown scales. Antenna, head, and thorax ochraceous buff,
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 65
head a little lighter posteriorly; anterior part of thorax and tegula with faint brown suffusion. Ground color of forewing shining ochraceous buff suffused over entire surface with tawny; at slightly before middle of wing, starting at cell, an inwardly oblique, ochraceous- tawny, transverse line extends almost to dorsum at basal two-fifths;
Ficure 57.—Loxostege oxalis, new species: 57, ventral view of female genitalia; 57a, detail of signum.
across end of cell a narrow, short, ochraceous-tawny line; termen narrowly edged with brown; cilia brownish. Hindwing ocherous white with a few small ochraceous-tawny spots on termen; cilia ocherous white. Legs ochraceous buff with slight tawny suffusion. Abdomen light ochraceous buff.
Female genitalia (slide 10426): Ostium broad, slitlike. Posterior third of ductus bursae sclerotized, remainder membranous, coiled.
755-910—65——_5
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Inception of ductus seminalis well before ostium. Signum a large, diamond-shaped, dentate plate.
Type: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland (Mar. 4, 1951). Described from the unique type female. There is no described species with which ozalis can be properly compared because the fauna of the area is too imperfectly known.
Genus Nomophila Hiibner Nomophila noctuella (Denis and Schiffermiiller)
Fiaures 58-59
Phalaena Tinea noctuella Denis and Schiffermiiller, 1775, Ankiindung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend, p. 136.
SG
\ SW SS ls SS-
NEG? die
Ficures 58-59.—Nomophila noctuella (Denis and Schiffermiiller): 58, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 58a, aedeagus; 59, ventral view of female genitalia.
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—-CLARKE 67
Distribution: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland o&, 17 92 (Decem- ber to March dates); Plazoleta del Yunque o’, 2 99 (Jan. 2, 1952); Masafuera: Quebrada de la Calavera o&', 2 99 (Jan. 15, 1952); Quebrada de las Casas, 5 99 (Jan. 16, 1952, Feb. 20, 1955).
This is an immigrant species which is nearly cosmopolitan in dis- tribution. Wherever it is found, it is generally common in grassy areas.
Family Phycitidae Genus Elasmopalpus Blanchard
Elasmopalpus angustellus Blanchard
Fraures 60-61
Elasmopalpus angustellus Blanchard, 1852, in Gay, Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Zoologia, vol. 7, p. 105, Lepidoptera, pl. 7, fig. 14.
Elasmopalpus lignosellus Heinrich, 1956 (in part) not Zeller, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 207, p. 173, figs. 33, 417, 906.
Type: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Type locality: Concepcién, Chile.
Distribution: Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas, 3077, 2 (Jan. 16, 1952).
My thanks are due Mr. P. Viette, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, who has examined Gay’s type in that Institution, and compared the genitalia with my drawing. He writes as follows:
“T have examined the o&@ type specimen of Elasmopalpus angustellus Blanchard, from Chile. Your drawings correspond exactly with the genitalia of the type specimen in Paris Museum.—Slide P. Viette N:3544.”
Although angustellus has been considered a synonym of lignosellus by various authors, there are abundant points of distinction. In the male genitalia there is a strong projection from the costa, slightly before cucullus, which is absent in lignosellus. The lateral arms of the anellus of angustellus are slender and only slightly curved, not strongly sclerotized, curved, pointed horns as in lignosellus. The single cornu- tus is thick, strongly sclerotized and nearly half the length of the aedeagus in angustellus but appreciably shorter and more slender in lignosellus. The ductus bursae of the female is broad and strongly sclerotized for over three-quarters of its length in angustellus and the spines of the two opposing sclerotized signa are stouter than in lignosellus.
For the above reasons J am removing angustellue from the synonymy of lignosellus. The specific name EF. angustellus must be confined to the Chilean examples since all other specimens examined from
68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
Ficures 60-61.—Elasmopalpus angustellus Blanchard: 60, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 60a, aedeagus; 60b, compound tufts of eighth abdominal segment; 61, ventral view of female genitalia.
Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, and North America are correctly assigned to lignosellus.
Family Pterophoridae Genus Stenoptilia Hiibner
Stenoptilia partiseca Meyrick
Fiaures 62-63
Stenoptilia partiseca Meyrick, 1931, Anales del museo nacional de historia natural, Buenos Aires, vol. 36, p. 380.
Type: British Museum (Natural History).
SS
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 69
Type locality: Argentina, Mendoza Province, Mendoza.
Distribution: Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas, @ (Jan. 25, 1952); 2 (Jan. 22, 1955).
There is some doubt about the identity of the Juan Fernandez specimens despite the fact that the female genitalia compare quite favorably with those of the type. Mr. John D. Bradley, of the British Museum, kindly compared the Juan Fernandez specimens
Ficures 62-63.—Stenoptilia partiseca Meyrick: 62, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 62a, aedeagus; 63, ventral view of female genitalia.
with Meyrick’s type and his remarks are as follows: ‘‘We have only the type, a female from Argentina. The coloration of the type is very much whiter than in your specimens, also there seems to be a very slight difference in the ostium. I hazard, as best one can from looking at a couple of females only, that these differences are not
70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
specific, and I think it will be reasonable to put your specimens down as partiseca.”
In choosing to accept this name, I assume complete responsibility if in error. Variability in certain plume moths is not uncommon, and the slight differences in the ostia of the two specimens examined are probably not important. When more material is gathered from both the mainland and the islands, the matter can be settled.
Genus Platyptilia Hiibner
Platyptilia epidelta Meyrick Fiaures 64-65 Platyptilia epidelia Meyrick, 1907, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1907, p. 486.
Type: British Museum (Natural History).
Type locality: Argentina: Parand.
Distribution: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland, 9 92 (Feb. 10- Mar. 20, 1951; Dec. 23-27, 1954; Mar. 18, 1955; Feb. 8, 1952).
My thanks are due Mr. John D. Bradley of the British Museum for examining specimens and comparing them with Meyrick’s type. Mr. Bradley writes (in litt.) ‘There are slight differences in the valva
Ficures 64-65.—Platyptilia epidelta Meyrick: 64, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 64a, aedeagus; 65, ventral view of female genitalia.
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 71
of the male between your specimen and one of Meyrick’s syntypes, but I attribute this to variation within the species. This species may be a synonym of sematodactyla Berg. . . . There is no authentic ma- terial in the B. M. for comparison but B. Fletcher had determined several specimens (without abdomens) from Argentina which appear superficially identical with your specimens.”
Apparently epidelta is widespread, and perhaps carried in com- merce, but only extensive collecting will determine the limits of distribution.
Family Tortricidae
Genus Proeulia Clarke
Proeulia Clarke, 1962, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 75, p. 293. The species of Proeulia are separated by the following key:
Alar expanse 24-28 mm.; vesica with several long and one short, straight cornuti; signum with one small conical thorn. ........ robinsoni Aurivillius Alar expanse 15-20 mm.; vesica armed with two or more long, slightly curved cornuti and one short, strongly curved cornutus; signum with long, projecting SNCe Pee ee as hee no 8s ho aeRO Si. =) we griseiceps Aurivillius
Proeulia robinsoni (Aurivillius)
Fiaures 66-69
Eulia robinsoni Aurivillius, 1922, in Skottsberg, The natural history of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 266, pl. 11, fig. 17.
Proeulia robinsoni (Aurivillius), Clarke, 1962, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 75, p. 294.
Type: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm. Type locality: ‘“Masatierra.”’
Distribution: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland 3 99 (Feb. 15, 1951); Plazoleta del Yunque 2 oo’, 3 99 (Jan. 2, 1952);2 co, 6 29 (Dec. 28, 1954).
This is the largest of the tortricids represented in the collections from the Juan Fernandez Islands and because of its large size is easily distinguished from the other species. It resembles Butler’s Dichelia exusta but Mr. Bradley of the British Museum, who has compared a specimen of robinsoni with Butler’s type, states “Somewhat similar to exusta Butler superficially, but in my opinion definitely not that species and I am unable to identify it from the B. M. collection.” The type of Butler’s species lacks the abdomen. The male and female genitalia of robinsoni are figured from slides 10179 and 10180 respectively. The wing is figured from the male 10179. This Species appears to be confined to Masatierra.
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Figures 66-69.—Proeulia robinsoni (Aurivillius): 66, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe, anellus and aedeagus removed; 66a, lateral aspect of aedeagus and anellus; 67, ventral view of female genitalia; 68, venation of right wings; 69, lateral aspect of head to show palpus.
Proeulia griseiceps (Aurivillius) Fiaures 70-71
Eulia griseiceps Aurivillius, 1922, in Skottsberg, The natural history of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 267, pl. 11, fig. 18.
Proeulia griseiceps (Aurivillius), Clarke, 1962, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 75, p. 294.
Eulia striolana Aurivillius, 1922, in Skottsberg, The natural history of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 267, pl. 11, fig. 19 (mew syn- onymy).
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 73
Types: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm.
Distribution: Masatierra: Alto Francés, 450 m., o& (Jan. 16, 1955); El Camote, 600 m., @ (Jan. 9, 1955); Plazoleta del Yunque, 200 m., 9 oo’, 3 99 (March—December 1951-1955); Quebrada la Laura, o’, 2 (Mar. 1, 1951); Salsipuedes, 9 (Mar. 5, 1955).
Ficures 70-71.—Proeulia griseiceps (Aurivillius): 70, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 70a, aedeagus; 71, ventral view of female genitalia; 71a, bursa copulatrix to show variation in signum.
It is not surprising that Aurivillius described griseiceps as two species, and undoubtedly his other two segregates, no. 26 and no. 27, belong here. An examination of the genitalia of the two type females,
74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
however, removes any doubt about their identity. Had Aurivillius made dissections, he would have seen that he had examples of one extremely variable species. As a matter of fact, there are almost as many color forms as there are specimens but the genitalia are remark- ably constant.
Male genitalia figured from a specimen from Plazoleta del Yunque (slide 10181). Female genitalia figured from specimens from Quebrada la Laura (slides 10182, 10367).
Nesochoris, new genus
Type-species: Nesochoris holographa, new species.
Antenna ciliate in male (female unknown). Labial palpus porrect, about one-fourth longer than head; third segment less than one-third the length of second, slightly drooping. Head somewhat roughened. Forewing smooth, termen oblique, slightly concave between veins 4 and 7; 12 veins, all veins separate; le strongly preserved at margin; 2 from outer two-thirds of cell; 3, 4, and 5 separate and about equidis- tant at bases; 6, 7, 8 separate and about equidistant at bases, 7 to termen well below apex; 11 from slightly before middle of cell; upper internal vein from between veins 10 and 11. Hindwing with 8 veins; 2 from well before end of cell; 3 and 4 connate; 5 approximate to 4; 6 and 7 short stalked.
Male genitalia: Harpe simple, short, broadly attached, gnathos and uncus present; socii obsolete; transtilla indicated by membrane only; anellus a simple plate; vesica armed with weak, slender cornuti.
Nesochoris and Proeulia are very similar in outward appearance but the male genitalia separate them easily. Proeulia exhibits strongly developed socii and transtilla and strongly fused gnathos. In Neso- choris, however, the socii are indicated by only a few weak setae, the transtilla is practically nonexistent and the lateral and central ele- ments of the gnathos are separate.
The species of Nesochoris are separated by the following key:
Alar expanse more than 20 mm., forewing covered with small spots and short
transverse dashes of ferruginous scales. ...... holographa, new species Alar expanse less than 15 mm., forewing covered with scattered brick-red scales and costa with eight small fuscous spots ..... brachystigma, new species
Nesochoris holographa, new species Ficures 72-73
Alar expanse 22 mm.
Labial palpus pale clay color outwardly mixed with ferruginous; third segment fuscous tipped. Antenna clay color; scape ferruginous dorsally ; remainder of segments ferruginous apically; antennal cilia-
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 75
tions slightly more than one. Head clay color suffused with grayish; face with a transverse band of ferruginous and a spot of similar color between antennae anteriorly. Palpus and head with slight purplish iridescence. Thorax and ground color of forewing grayish, the former mixed with ferruginous scales, the entire surface of the latter covered with short transverse dashes and small spots of the same color; on costal two-fifths, two narrowly separated, gray oblique lines delimiting a narrow, obscure, irregular, outwardly oblique transverse band, the termination of which is indicated by a ferruginous spot on dorsum well before tornus; on dorsum, at basal fourth, an obscure, moderately large, ferruginous spot; cilia clay color with a dark basal line of mixed gray and ferruginous scales; forewing, especially dark markings with
Ficures 72-73.—Nesochoris holographa, new species: 72, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 72a, lateral aspect of aedeagus; 73, lateral aspect of head to show palpus.
purplish iridescence and forewing and hindwing with considerable reddish-brown mottling on undersides. Hindwing light reddish brown, paler basally; cilia ferruginous apically, gradually becoming ocherous white at anal angle and all with a dark gray subbasal line. Legs ocherous white suffused and shaded with fuscous and ferruginous ; foretarsi fuscous with pale annulations. Abdomen ocherous white; below irrorate with fuscous and ferruginous and with slight purplish iridescence.
Male genitalia (slide 10368): In addition to the larger size of the genitalia of holographa, they differ from brachystigma by the sharp angle formed between the uncus and posterior margin of the tegumen. In brachystigma the lateral edges of the uncus are confluent with the posterior edge of the tegumen.
76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
Type: Masatierra: Plazoleta del Yunque, 200 m. (Feb. 9, 1952). Described from the unique male type.
Nesochoris brachystigma, new species Fiaure 74
Alar expanse 14 mm.
Labial palpus white; second segment brick red outwardly, suffused fuscous apically; third segment almost wholly fuscous. Antenna, scape buff with fuscous above; remainder fuscous with paler annula- tions; antennal ciliations slightly over one. Head olive buff suffused with fuscous anteriorly and with some brick-red scales laterally. Thorax gray mixed with dull ocherous and with some brick-red scales posteriorly. Forewing ground color gray; from basal fourth of costa an outwardly oblique transverse fascia extends to middle of dorsum,
Ficure 74.—Nesochoris brachystigma, new species: 74, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 74a, lateral aspect of aedeagus.
the fascia nearly twice as wide at dorsum as on costa and bordered by brick-red transverse lines; the light fascia is suffused gray; costa with eight small fuscous spots, and in apical fourth of wing some indistinct mottling of the same color; entire surface of wing with scattered brick- red scales; cilia olive buff mixed with brick-red ocherous. Hindwing fuscous, somewhat paler basally; cilia paler with a fuscous subbasal line. Legs olive buff; foreleg heavily overlaid with brick red, tarsi fuscous with pale annulations. Abdomen grayish fuscous, somewhat paler ventroanteriorly; anal tuft pale, grayish.
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 77
Male genitalia (slide 10369): Aside from size, there is little to distinguish the genitalia of brachystigma from those of holographa.
Type: Masatierra: El] Rabanal, 350 m. (Feb. 27, 1951).
Described from the unique type male.
Family Olethreutidae
Parasuleima, new genus
Type-species: Crocidosema (?) insulana Aurivillius.
Antenna finely and shortly pubescent. Labial palpus porrect, about twice as long as head; third segment two-thirds the length of second and obscured by long, projecting scales of second segment. Head rough. Forewing smooth, narrow; termen concave between veins 3 and 6; 12 veins; 2 from slightly beyond middle of cell; 3, 4, and 5 approximate at base; 7 and 8 separate; 11 from well before middle of cell; upper internal vein from between 10 and 11. Hindwing with 7 veins; 2 from well before angle; 3 and 4 united; 5 approximate at base; 6 and 7 closely approximate for short distance beyond base.
Female genitalia with signa.
This genus is similar to the North American Suleima Heinrich but differs from it by having 12 veins in the forewing, and a longer, more slender palpus. The Indian genus Agriophanes Meyrick possesses the same venation as Parasuleima but is a broadwinged type without a markedly concave termen in the forewing.
Two specimens of insulana have very short branches of veins 3 and 4 of the hindwing, but only on one side in each specimen.
I have not seen a male but according to Aurivillius’ description, he could find neither costal fold nor hair pencil.
Parasuleima insulana (Aurivillius), new combination
Fiaures 75-77
Crocidosema (?) insulana Aurivillius, 1922, in Skottsberg, The natural history of Juan Fernandez and Easter Islands, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 267, pl. 11, fig. 20.
Type: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm.
Type locality: ‘“Masatierra.”’
Distribution: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland, 10 92 (Mar. 8, 1951; Jan. 1 to Feb. 4, 1955).
Female genitalia figured from slide 10186.
It appears this species is confined to the island of Masatierra, none having been taken elsewhere on the several expeditions.
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Figures 75-77.—Parasuleima insulana (Aurivillius): 75, ventral view of female genitalia; 76, venation of right wings; 77, lateral aspect of head to show palpus,
Family Oecophoridae Genus Martyrhilda Clarke Martyrhilda relegata (Meyrick), new combination
Figures 78-79
Depressaria relegata Meyrick, 1922, in Skottsberg, The natural history of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 268.
Alar expanse 18-21 mm.
Male genitalia (slide 10587): Harpe broad basally; cucullus rather narrow, bluntly pointed; clasper with transverse arm reduced, extend- ing less than half the width of harpe; longitudinal arm more than twice the length of transverse arm, compressed distally. Uncus small, sharply pointed. Socii naked flaps. Gnathos a small, rounded, spined knob. Anellus a strongly sclerotized plate with basal-lateral
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—-CLARKE 79
lobes and deeply cleft posterior edge. Vinculum simple, rounded. Aedeagus, stout, slightly bent, pointed, unarmed.
Female genitalia (slide 10586): Typical of the genus. Genital plate broad, with anterior edge strongly convex. Ostium roughly
Ficures 78-79.—Martyrhilda relegata (Meyrick): 78, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 78a, aedeagus; 79, ventral view of female genitalia; 79a, detail of signum.
diamond shaped. Inception of ductus seminalis slightly before ostium. Ductus bursae not well distinguished from bursa copula- trix. Signum a subrectangular, dentate plate.
Type: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm.
Type locality: ‘‘Masatierra.”’
Although described in Depressaria, this species must be referred to Martyrhilda on the stalked veins 2 and 3 of forewing and structure of the genitalia. There are no specimens of relegata in the material at hand, but it was described from 11 specimens indicating that it must be relatively common.
Genus Endrosis Hiibner Endrosis sarcitrella (Linnaeus) Phalaena tinea sarcitrella Linnaeus, 1758, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 536.
Distribution: Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas, 2 92 (Jan. 17— 24, 1952); 2 99 (Feb. 1, 20, 1955); Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland
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dod", 5 99 (Feb. 15-Mar. 10, 1951; Feb. 3, 1952; Mar. 3, 13; 1955) Plazoleta del Yunque, 200 m., & (Feb. 20, 1951).
Previously recorded by Meyrick from Masafuera from a single specimen. It may be expected around almost any human habitation.
This species has previously appeared in American lists as Endrosis lactella (Denis and Schiffermiiller), and was recorded by Meyrick as such. The latter is a synonym, and this present combination is in accordance with contemporary usage.
For an extended bibliography on this species, up to 1940, see Clarke, J. F. G., 1941, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 90, pp. 264-266.
Family Gelechiidae
Genus Gnorimoschema Busck
Key to the Species of Gnorimoschema
1. Third segment of labial palpus with two distinct dark annuli. .... . 2 Third segment of labial palpus otherwise. . ........2.2.... 3
2. Forewing with conspicuous pale area between two dark blotches in center of wing; male with strong black sex-scaling on underside of fore- and hind- wings and upper side of latter. . ..... melanolepis, new species Forewing without conspicuous pale area; markings consisting of fine streaks, three fuscous discal spots and scattered whitish scales; male without
BOXTSCAHO GE: opts cite (ete PMs eatin ahs, eee iets eabbeolute (Meyrick) 3. Third segment of labial palpus with black spot at base anteriorly; forewing clay colored shaded grayish toward costa. .. . hemilitha, new species
Third segment of labial palpus without black spot at base anteriorly ; forewing grayish toward costa, darker dorsally but never clay colored. operculella (Zeller)
Gnorimoschema absoluta (Meyrick), new combination
Fiaure 80 Phthorimaea absoluta Meyrick, 1917, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1917, p. 44.
Food plants: Solanum tuberosum L. (potato); Lycopersicon esculen- tum (L.) Mill. (tomato).
Distribution: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland, 8 9° (Feb. 14—Mar. 20, 1951; Mar. 12-18, 1955).
Meyrick described this species from a unique male from Huancayo, Peru. Inthe U.S. National Museum there is a series, bred from potato and tomato, from Chile, Peru and Venezuela. Asa pest of potato and tomato we can expect to find abdsoluta rather generally distributed because it is undoubtedly carried in commerce.
The female genitalia have not previously been figured.
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 8]
Ficure 80.—Gnorimoschema absoluta (Meyrick): ventral view of female genitalia.
Gnorimoschema hemilitha, new species Figures 81-82
Alar expanse 9-11 mm.
Labial palpus sordid white; second segment with white-tipped, dark gray scales in brush and on outer side; third segment with a black spot at base anteriorly and a broad black subterminal annulus. Antenna dark gray with a whitish spot on each segment beneath. Head light grayish olive except dark gray, white-tipped scales around eye. Thorax and ground color of forewing clay color; thorax with some grayish suffusion in some specimens; costal half suffused grayish, irrorate with many white-tipped, dark gray scales; two clouded areas in center of wing; discal stigmata three, dark gray, one at one-third in cell, one in fold slightly beyond first and one at end of cell; cilia pale grayish, mixed with white-tipped, dark gray scales. Hindwing light grayish fuscous; cilia paler. Fore- and midlegs gray irrorate with sordid white; tarsi sordid white annulated; hindleg gray overlaid with sordid white on inner side; tarsi annulated with sordid white beneath.
Male genitalia (slide 10403): Dorsal element of harpe as long as tegumen and uncus combined, abruptly broadened basally, scarcely
755-910—65—6
82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
dilated distally; ventral element less than one-third the length of dorsal element, curved, compressed and dilated distally, terminating in ashort, recurved sharp point. Uncus narrowed posterior to middle, flared distally. Uncus spoon shaped. Vinculum narrowly rounded anteriorly, and with moderately long projection posteriorly. Aedeagus about as long as uncus and tegumen combined, curved, slender, dilated proximally.
Ficures 81-82.—Gnorimoschema hemilitha, new species: 81, oblique view of male genitalia with aedeagus removed; 8la, aedeagus; 82, ventral view of female genitalia.
Female genitalia (slide 10404): Ductus bursae about one-half the length of bursa copulatrix, sharply constricted at bursa; inception of ductus seminalis at junction of ductus bursae and bursa copulatrix. Signum a strong, but rather slender hook. Ostium slitlike.
Type: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland, & (Feb. 17, 1951).
Described from the type male, three male and six female paratypes, all from Bahia Cumberland (January to March dates, 1951-1955).
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 8&3
In general appearance hemilitha is similar to altisona Meyrick, but the head, thorax, and ground color of forewing are lighter. In altisona the harpe does not exceed the uncus, as in hemilitha, and the aedeagus is short, stout, and greatly dilated in basal half. The female of altisona is not known, so no comparison of the genitalia can be made.
Gnorimoschema melanolepis, new species Figures 83-84
Alar expanse 11-13 mm.
Labial palpus cinereous, irrorate with dark gray; second segment grayish fuscous at base; third segment with broad, black basal and supramedial annuli. Antenna cinereous with blackish-fuscous an- nulations; basal segment blackish fuscous. Head cinereous, the scales narrowly whitish tipped. Thorax fuscous with a few paler scales mixed; tegula cinereous with a few scattered fuscous scales. Fore- wing cinereous, irrorate and suffused with grayish fuscous; at base of
Figures 83-84.—Gnorimoschema melanolepis, new species: 83, lateral aspect of male geni- talia with aedeagus removed; 83a, lateral aspect of aedeagus; 83b, ventral view of apical portion of dorsal arm of harpe; 84, ventral view of female genitalia.
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wing, in fold, a small fuscous spot and slightly beyond, costad, a similar mark; at basal third, in cell, a conspicuous fuscous blotch extending obliquely and outwardly to slightly beyond fold; a similarly colored, subquadrate blotch extends from middle of wing, in cell, to fold; area between the two large dark blotches, and beyond the outer one, conspicuously paler, less irrorate with fuscous than rest of wing and with scattered ocherous scales; cilia pale grayish fuscous. Hind- wing pearly gray in male, gray in female; cilia pale grayish fuscous. In the male the undersides of both fore- and hindwings are clothed with heavy, black sex-scaling; upper side of male hindwing with black sex-scaling along costa and inner margin and also with conspicuous whitish-ocherous hair pencil from upper surface of costa. Foreleg cinereous, femur and tibia shaded with fuscous on outer side; tarsi fuscous annulated, mid- and hindlegs cinereous, irrorate and shaded with fuscous. Abdomen grayish fuscous above, sordid white beneath; anal segment ocherous white.
Male genitalia (slide 10751): Dorsal element of harpe about as long as tegumen, curved ventrad, gradually thickening to near distal end, then sharply curved inwardly, terminating in a sharp point; ventral element small, papillate. Gnathos spoon shaped, broadly expanded distally. Uncus short, pointed posteriorly. Vinculum produced posteriorly with edge deeply incised, anterior margin round- ed. Aedeagus about as long as tegumen, slightly curved, stout, distal end slightly dilated, proximally bulbous.
Female genitalia (slides 10410, 10752): Ostium broad. Ductus bursae less than half the length of bursa copulatrix, narrowly funnel shaped, sclerotized except for short membranous section before middle; ductus seminalis from junction of ductus bursae and bursa copulatrix; signum a strong, slightly curved, thornlike process arising from a slender, elongate, sclerotized base.
Type: Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas (Jan. 22, 1955).
Described from the type male and one female paratype, both with identical data.
The conspicuous, black sex-scaling, plus the hair pencil from the hindwing at once distinguish the male from other species. The female, however, is distinguished chiefly by the pale area between the two large dark blotches of the forewing.
Gnorimoschema operculella (Zeller)
Gelechia (?Bryotropha) operculella Zeller, 1873, Verh. K. Zool-Bot. Gesell. Wien, vol. 23: p. 262, fig. 17.
Distribution: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland, 3 99 (Mar. 4-12, 1955).
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 85
Another widely distributed pest, the notorious “potato tuber- worm,” may be expected wherever potatoes are shipped commer- cially.
Echinoglossa, new genus
Type-species: Echinoglossa trinota, new species.
Antenna simple in female, finely serrate in male, nearly as long as forewing, basal segment without pecten. Labial palpus upturned; second segment somewhat roughened beneath with brush expanded apically; third segment about as long as second, smooth, acute. Head smooth, ocellus small, posterior; tongue well developed, thickly scaled basally. Hind tibia slightly roughened above with long, slender scales. Forewing smooth, apex greatly produced, attenuated; 12 veins; 2 remote from 3; 4 and 5 stalked, about as far from 3 as 3 is from 2; 6 from upper angle of cell, connate with 9, to termen; 7 and 8 stalked out of 6; 9, 10, and 11 about equidistant. Hindwing with 8 veins; 2 distant from 3; 3 and 4 connate; 5 curved, well separated from 4; 6 and 7 parallel; crossvein between 7 and 8 present near base.
Male genitalia typically gelechiid. Dorsal and ventral elements of harpe present. Gnathos present. Aedeagus unarmed.
Female genitalia with well-developed signum.
In the large family Gelechiidae relatively few genera have veins 4 and 5 stalked in the forewing as in this new genus Echinoglossa. Of the genera with this character that I have examined, Agathactis, Alsodryas, Dissoptila, Eristhenodes, Molopostola, Synactias, and Tholerostola all are South American. The Indian Jschnophenazr and African Epenteris approach the South American genera by having connate veins 4 and 5 but apparently the stalked condition of these veins is largely an American development.
Echinoglossa is perhaps most nearly related to Dissoptila but in the latter genus, vein 6 of forewing is separate from the stalked veins 7 and 8 and the apex is not produced as in the former. Also, in the hindwing, veins 4 and 5 are connate in Dissoptila, separate in Echinoglossa.
Echinoglossa trinota, new species
Ficures 85-88
Alar expanse 9-10 mm.
Labial palpus sordid white; second segment shaded with dark gray in apical half; third segment with a dark gray, anterior, longi- tudinal line. Antenna dark gray with paler annulations. Head, thorax, and ground color of forewing cinereous; head and thorax with slight infuscation; base of costa narrowly fuscous; stigmata
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three, fuscous, one in fold at two-fifths, one on costal edge of cell at one-third, and one at end of cell; on outer third of costa, around apex and along termen a series of ill-defined small fuscous spots; apical third of wing with scattered ocherous scales; cilia cinereous. Hindwing gray; cilia grayish fuscous. Legs cinereous shaded with fuscous. Abdomen dark gray above, cinereous beneath.
Ficures 85-88.—Echinoglossa trinota, new species: 85, wing venation; 86, lateral aspect of head to show palpus; 87, oblique view of male genitalia with aedeagus removed; 87a, aedeagus; 88, ventral view of female genitalia; 88a, lateral aspect of signum to show longitudinal keellike ridge.
Male genitalia (slide 10448): Dorsal element of harpe about half as long as tegumen, curved; ventral element slender, digitate. Vin-
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 8&7
culum produced into a long point anteriorly, posterior edge roughened. Gnathos a small hook. Uncus comparatively weak, hood shaped. Aedeagus as long as tegumen and uncus combined, slightly curved, bulbous basally.
Female genitalia(slides 10444, 10756): Ostium moderately broad, slitlike. Ductus bursae sclerotized posteriorly. Signum a_ well- developed triangular plate with a high central longitudinal ridge.
Genus Apothetoeca Meyrick
Apothetoeca Meyrick, 1922, in Skottsberg, The natural history of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, vol. 3, pt. 2. p. 268.
Type-species: Apothetoeca synaphrista Meyrick, ibid., p. 269 [by monotypy].
Apothetoeca synaphrista Meyrick Fiaures 89-90
Apothetoeca synaphrista Meyrick, 1922, in Skottsberg, The natural history of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 269.
Male genitalia: Dorsal arm of harpe long, curved but not exceeding uncus; distal end strongly dilated and clothed with large, broad scales; ventral arm of harpe stout with a somewhat hooked point. Uncus rather narrow, thickened, bluntly pointed. Gnathos long, curved, beaklike. Vinculum narrowly produced anteriorly, as long as tegumen. Anellus arising as a paired bulbous process and produced into a pair of slender recurved branches. Aedeagus slender, nearly straight, greatly enlarged basally.
Type: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm.
Type locality: ‘“Masatierra.”
There are no specimens of this species in the present collection, and it is known only from the type. In my key IJ have brought Apothe- toeca out in the same couplet with Pseudarla, and the character used to separate it from Pseudarla is the connate condition of veins 3 and 4 of the hindwing. On the intersegmental membrane of Apothe- toeca, between the 8th abdominal segment and the genitalia, there are numerous large, conspicuous, bulbous scales. These are readily deciduous and must be treated carefully to prevent their removal. From each side of the 8th segment there is a long hair pencil. All of these secondary characters, together with the peculiar scale thicken- ing of the antenna mentioned by Meyrick, are undoubtedly confined to the male. The genitalia of the male are characteristically gelechiid and, in general form, are similar to Gelechia. The aedeagus of Apothetoeca is extremely slender and arises anterior to the tegumen between two long, curved arms of the anellus.
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Figures 89-90.—Apothetoeca synaphrista Meyrick: 89, modified scales of dorsal arm of harpe; 90, oblique view of male genitalia with aedeagus removed; 90a, aedeagus.
Pseudarla, new genus
Type-species: Pseudaria miranda, new species.
Antenna nearly as long as forewing, thickened in male (female unknown); basal segment with pecten. Labial palpus recurved; second segment long, moderately slender, slightly roughened beneath; third segment nearly as long as second, slender, acute. Head smooth, ocellus small, posterior; tongue well developed. Hind tibia clothed with moderately long scales above. Forewing smooth, apex pointed, termen strongly oblique; 12 veins; 2 remote from 3; 3 from slightly before angle of cell; 3, 4, and 5 nearly equidistant at bases; 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa. Hindwing with 8 veins; 2 distant from 3; 3 from well before angle of cell; 6 and 7 long stalked.
Male genitalia with uncus clothed with long hairlike setae. Aedea- gus unarmed. Gnathos well developed.
Pseudarla is similar to Arla Clarke and Lita Treitschke and all possess unusually long antennae. On the uncus in all three genera the posterior surface is densely clothed with long hairlike scales. Pseudarla can be distinguished from both Arla and Lita by the stalked veins
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 89
6 and 7 of the hindwing, and the presence of antennal pecten. Veins 6 and 7 of the hindwing are separate and nearly parallel in both Tita and Arla. Pseudarla can be further distinguished from Arla by the aedeagus which is unarmed in the former and armed in the latter. The uncus of Pseudarla is reduced posteriorly and extends anteriorly over the tegumen, but in Zita the uncus is narrowly hood shaped.
Pseudarla miranda, new species
FicureEs 91-92
Alar expanse 23 mm.
Labial palpus buff; second segment suffused with fuscous on outer side, third segment almost wholly overlaid with fuscous. Antenna brownish buff with narrow fuscous annulations. Head, thorax, and ground color of forewing avellaneous; face, head somewhat lustrous; costa lightly suffused with fuscous to outer two-thirds from which point an outwardly oblique, transverse, fuscous band extends to vein 6, thence inwardly to tornus; a blotch on dorsum at one-third and three discal spots, fuscous; inner and outer discal spots small, ill defined, central one larger and more distinct; in fold, beyond basal discal spot, a slender fuscous dash extends beneath central discal spot; costa, beyond transverse band, with three fuscous bars, these con-
Ficures 91-92.—Pseudarla miranda, new species: 91, lateral aspect of male genitalia with aedeagus removed; 9la, aedeagus; 92, lateral view of head to show palpus.
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fluent with apical fuscous shading; cilia avellaneous, speckled with fuscous. Hindwing brownish buff with some fuscous suffusion; cilia brownish buff with a darker subbasal line. Fore- and midlegs fuscous with buff annulations; hindleg buff suffused with fuscous. Abdomen pale buff with fuscous suffusion above and indistinct row of fuscous spots laterally beneath.
Male genitalia (slide 10591): Dorsal element of harpe twice as long as ventral element, slender, slightly dilated distally; ventral element slender, pointed. Gnathos a strong hook, straightened somewhat and compressed distally. Uncus produced anteriorly, densely clothed with hairlike setae. Vinculum somewhat produced anteriorly, rounded; posterior edge fleshy, clothed with fine setae. Aedeagus stout, curved, nearly as long as tegumen, unarmed.
Type: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland (Jan. 7, 1955). Described from the unique male type.
Family Momphidae
Anchimompha, new genus
Type-species: Anchimompha melaleuca, new species.
Antenna about half the length of forewing, somewhat compressed, sparsely ciliate; basal segment without pecten. Labial palpus slightly recurved; second and third segments about equal in length; second segment roughened beneath; third segment acute. Head smooth, ocellus absent; tongue well developed. Hind tibia clothed above with stiff hairlike scales. Forewing smooth, lanceolate, apex long pointed; 11 veins; 1c strongly preserved at margin; 2, 3, 4 well separated; 4 and 5 approximate; 7 and 8 coincident; 6 and 7+-8 weakly stalked; 9 approximate to stalk of 6 and 7+8; 11 from beyond middle of cell. Hindwing linear-lanceolate, with 8 veins; 2 remote from 3; 3, 4, 5 about equidistant; 6 and 7 parallel. Abdominal tergites spined.
Female genitalia normal for family, with two signa.
Anchimompha is closely related to Mompha as indicated by the female genitalia, but differs from it by the coincident veins 7 and 8 and sharply pointed apex of the forewing. Both genera have vein le present in the forewing and the venation of the hindwings is almost identical. Although Anchimompha exhibits no antennal pecten as found in Mompha the fact remains that a pecten may be reduced to one scale and is easily lost. Fresh specimens might show this charac- ter, but in the specimen at hand there is no evidence of a pecten. In my key this genus separates on the alternative “basal segment of antenna without pecten,” but because of the fugitive nature of this character it must be used with caution.
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE Q]
Anchimompha melaleuca, new species
Fiaures 93-95
Alar expanse 14 mm.
Labial palpus ocherous white; second segment suffused with fuscous; distal half of third segment suffused with fuscous. Antenna black. Head ocherous white suffused with fuscous, especially on vertex and face. Thorax blackish fuscous except paler laterally; tegula ocherous white. Forewing black except outer half of costa narrowly ocherous
Ficures 93-95.—Anchimompha melaleuca, new species: 93, venation of wings; 94, lateral aspect of head to show palpus; 95, ventral view of female genitalia.
white; also, from fold to dorsum ocherous white, this pale color ex- tending along cell and vein 6 to margin; cilia grayish fuscous. Hind- wing grayish fuscous; cilia concolorous except they are paler at base. Fore- and midlegs blackish fuscous except tarsi showing some ocherous white. Hindleg ocherous white with some infuscation; tibia with
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strong fuscous suffusion on outer side at distal end. Abdomen fuscous above, ocherous white with slight infuscation beneath.
Female genitalia (slide 10758): Ostium membranous preceded by a strongly sclerotized portion of the ductus bursae. Inception of ductus seminalis very large and bursa copulatrix sclerotized postero- laterally to opening. Signa two, strongly sclerotized, sickle shaped.
Type: Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas (Feb. 7, 1955).
Described from the unique female type.
A note attached to the type bears the following inscription in Dr. Kuschel’s hand: “on Megalachna fernandeziana”’ but there is no indication whether the species was found resting on the plant or reared from a larva feeding on it.
Family Blastodacnidae
Genus Nanodacna Clarke
Nanodacna Clarke, 1964, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 77, p. 125. The species of Nanodacna are separated by the following key:
Forewing with outer edge of basal patch outwardly oblique from costa to dorsum; cucullus greatly produced and recurved; signa two triangular plates.
. ancora Clarke
Forewing sometimes with basal patch but if so outer edge inwardly oblique,
wing with purplish sheen; cucullus truncate; signa two elongate, lightly sclero-
tized areas with narrow transverse ridge . . . .indiscriminata, new species
Nanodacna ancora Clarke
Figures 96-99 Nanodacna ancora Clarke, 1964, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 77, p. 126.
For completeness’ sake I am including the distribution of this species. Masafuera: o'9, La Correspondencia, 1150 m. (Jan. 28, 1955) ; o', 3 99, Quebrada de las Vacas (Jan. 17, 1952); 2, Quebrada de las Casas (Jan. 17, 1952).
This species differs from the other included species of the genus in several characters but those included in the key distinguish the two most easily.
Since the description of the species, and while still in Chile, the type was destroyed by museum pests. Accordingly, I have selected another specimen, with the same data, as a neotype.
Neotype: Masafuera: 9, La Correspondencia, 1150 m. (Jan. 28, 1955) (slide 10734) (USNM 67939).
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 93
Ficures 96-99.—Nanodacna ancora, new species: 96, wing venation; 97, lateral aspect of head showing palpus; 98, ventral view of male genitalia with aedeagus in situ; 99, ventral view of female genitalia,
Nanodacna indiscriminata, new species
Ficures 100-101
Alar expanse 8-13 mm.
Labial palpus creamy white; second segment shaded with fuscous on outer side and distally on inner side; third segment shaded with fuscous on outer side. Antenna fuscous; scape narrowly edged with
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creamy white apically. Head variable, gray to grayish fuscous with brassy sheen; face creamy white. Thorax buff to purplish fuscous, when light colored then darker posteriorly; tegula buff to light brown. Forewing (of the type) ground color buff; base of costa narrowly purplish fuscous; from basal sixth of costa to beyond middle a purplish-
Ficures 100-101.—Nanodacna indiscriminata, new species: 100, ventral view of male genitalia with aedeagus removed; 100a, outline drawing of male genitalia in lateral aspect; 100b, aedeagus; 101, ventral view of female genitalia.
fuscous shade extends to dorsum and base of wing, except base is buff costad of fold; slightly beyond basal fourth, in the purplish-fuscous shade, a buff-edged, light brown, oblique oval spot extends almost to costa; also, within the dark shade several longitudinal brown streaks interrupt the solid color; outer half of wing streaked with buff, light brown and purplish fuscous; cilia grayish fuscous. Hind-
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 95
wing brassy grayish; cilia grayish fuscous. Legs buff; fore- and mid- legs shaded on outer sides with purplish fuscous; posterior leg shaded on outer side with grayish fuscous. Abdomen shining grayish fuscous above, buff beneath; anal tuft grayish to buff.
Male genitalia (slides 10411, 10445, 10447, 10735, 10760): Harpe broad with bluntly pointed cucullus. Sacculus produced as a bluntly pointed, short process. Vinculum rounded with a group of long, slender scales from each side. Anellus very lightly sclerotized and poorly defined. Aedeagus curved, distally flattened. Gnathos con- sisting of two long processes dilated and spined distally.
Female genitalia (slides 10722, 10736, 10737, 10757, 10759): Ventral lip of ostium broadly expanded, posterior edge finely serrate. Inception of ductus seminalis from a median sclerotized portion of the ductus bursae. Signa two elongate, lightly sclerotized areas with transverse ridge.
Type: Masatierra: Piedra Agujereada (Mar. 12, 1955).
Described from the type female, ten male and eight female paratypes as follows: 2 oo, 2 99, Alto Francés, 500 m. (Mar. 2, 1951); oH, Cerro Alto, 600 m. (Feb. 1, 1952); #, El Pangal, 350 m. (Feb. 18, 1951); 20, 4 99, La Mona, 400-475 m. (Feb. 16, 1951, Jan. 30, 1955); 2c, 2 29, Plazoleta del Yunque, 200 m. (Feb. 9, 1952); 2 07, Salsi- puedes, 400 m. (Mar. 5, 1951).
A female has been selected as type because it is in good condition and is, perhaps, more nearly representative of the average for the species. At best, indiscriminata is extremely variable, ranging from a nearly immaculate brownish shade to specimens with the basal two-thirds of the forewing purplish fuscous and the outer third buff or light brown with a few, scattered dark scales. One female has a tawny forewing with a broadly triangular purplish-fuscous area occupying the costal two-thirds except for the base and apex.
The two species of this genus are similar in appearance but each is endemic on its own island and is easily distinguished by genitalic characters.
Family Hyponomeutidae Genus Plutella Schrank
Plutella maculipennis (Curtis)
Cerostoma maculipennis Curtis, 1832, British entomology, vol. 6 (Lepidoptera 2), pl. 420 (expl. p. 2). Distribution: Santa Clara: El Corral, @, 2 92 (Jan. 6, 1952); Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas, o", 9 (Jan. 19, 1952). A common pest of cruciferous plants rather generally distributed throughout most of the world.
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Genus Melitonympha Meyrick
Melitonympha Meyrick, 1927, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 3, p. 360.
Type-species: Melitonympha heteraula Meyrick, ibid. [by mono-
typy]. Melitonympha cockerella (Busck)
Abebaea cockerella Busck, 1903, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 11, p. 54.
Melitonympha heteraula Meyrick, 1927, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 3, p. 360. —Clarke, 1965, Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British Museum (Natural History) described by Edward Meyrick, vol.5, p. 347, pl. 172, figs. 1-1c.
Melhtonympha is, perhaps, most nearly related to the two South American mainland genera Chalconympha Meyrick and Thalassonym- pha Meyrick, but also shows a relationship to the more widely distrib- uted Cerostoma. The three genera Melitonympha, Chalconympha, and Thalassonympha all have in common stalked veins 7 and 8 of the forewing but in Cerostoma these veins are separate. Melitonympha, Chalconympha and Cerostoma have veins 6 and 7 of hindwing stalked but in Thalassonympha these veins are well separated and nearly parallel. In both Melitonympha and Chalconympha the maxillary palpi are well developed but in Thalassonympha they are obsolete. All three possess a well-developed antennal pecten.
The male genitalia are normal for the family. Socii and gnathos present and well developed.
Perhaps the presence of this North American genus in the Juan Fernandez Islands may be surprising but I have already demonstrated the presence of Martyrhilda (Oecophoridae), another genus described from North America, on Masatierra (plus five species in this genus on the South American mainland). At this time I have on hand an additional undescribed species of Melitonympha from Chile and this genus may be much more widespread than presently indicated.
Melitonympha telluris, new species Fiaures 102-104
Alar expanse 16 mm.
Labial palpus ocherous white; second segment with brownish suffusion on outer side. Antenna brownish with narrow, shining ocherous-white annulations. Head ocherous white with mixture of a few brownish scales. Thorax and ground color of forewing ocherous white; thorax and basal half of tegula shaded with pale argillaceous; forewing irregularly blotched and shaded with argillace- ous; veins in costal half of wing indistinctly indicated by ill-defined,
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 97
longitudinal, brownish streaks; basal half of dorsum narrowly fuscous; at end of cell, between veins 3 and 5 a fuscous spot; entire surface of wing sparsely and irregularly irrorate with fuscous; cilia ocherous white. Hindwing sordid white shading to pale gray apically; cilia sordid white. Legs ocherous white; foreleg shaded with fuscous on outer side. Abdomen grayish above, ocherous white beneath.
104b 104
Figures 102-104.—Melitonympha telluris, new species: 102, venation of wings. 103, lateral aspect of head showing palpus; 104, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 104a, ventral view of gnathos; 104b, lateral aspect of aedeagus,
Male genitalia (slide 10442): Harpe simple, very broad; cucullus rounded. Vinculum rather narrow; saccus short, bluntly pointed. Gnathos spoon shaped apically. Socii slender, digitate. Aedeagus strongly curved with dorsobasal protuberance for entrance of vesica; vescia armed with three prominent cornuti.
Type: Masatierra: Alto Inglés, 600 m. (Feb. 6, 1952).
755-910—65——7
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Described from the unique type male. This species has no known near relatives.
Eudolichura, new genus
Type-species: Hudolichura exuta, new species, by monotypy and present designation.
Antenna slightly more than half the length of forewing, simple (male not known); scape without pecten. Labial palpus only slightly curved, more than three times as long as head; second and third segments about equal in length and both somewhat roughened beneath but second segment without any brush. Head roughened with dense scales above; ocellus present, very small, posterior; tongue well developed; maxillary palpus moderate, slender, ascending. Hindtibia moderately stout, smooth dorsally, roughened beneath. Forewing with 12 veins, all veins separate; 2 well before angle of cell, three times as far from 3 as 3 is from 4; other veins well separated; accessory cell present. Hindwing with 8 veins; 2 remote from 3; 3 and 4 well separated; 5 and 6 stalked; 6 and 7 nearly parallel; hair pencil present on base of wing.
Female genitalia without signum.
Eudolichura appears to have its affinities with the New Zealand genera Orthenches Meyrick and Protosynaema Meyrick. Eudolichura can be distinguished from Orthenches by the rough-scaled head, absence of antennal pecten and the stalked condition of veins 5 and 6 of the hindwing. The only significant differences between Eudoli- chura and Protosynaema are the stalking of veins 5 and 6 of the hind- wing of Eudolichura, absent in Protosynaema, and the presence of a dense clothing of scales on the basal portion of the antenna of Protosynaema, absent in Eudolichura. The most nearly allied South American genus appears to be Calliathla Meyrick, described from Lake Nahuel Huapi, Territory Rio Negro, Argentina. This genus exhibits the same venation as Hudolichura (5 and 6 of hindwing stalked; not separate as characterized by Meyrick), but differs from it by the presence of a well-developed antennal pecten, approximate veins 9 and 10 of forewing and the very oblique discocellulars of hindwing. Calliathla is also a much narrower winged genus.
Eudolichura exuta, new species
Ficures 105-107
Alar expanse 19 mm.
Labial palpus buff; second segment shaded with brown on outer side. Antenna fuscous with pale annulations; scape and head pale ochraceous tawny. Thorax brown; tegula buff tipped. Forewing brown becoming lighter toward costa; extreme base of costa narrowly
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 99
fuscous; along costa to apex a series of small, ill-defined brownish spots; dorsum buff infuscated toward edge, the buff forming an undulating line at junction with the ground color; at end of cell, at base of vein 8, a few blackish scales; between the end of cell and apex a subrectangular buff blotch containing a few scattered brownish scales; on tornus a few brown spots; area inside termen narrowly
Figures 105-107.—Eudolichura exuta, new species: 105, lateral aspect of head to show palpus; 106, venation of wings; 107, ventral view of female genitalia.
and indistinctly buff; cilia alternating buff and brown groups forming ill-defined spots. Hindwing buff, shading to brownish apically; cilia buff. Legs buff, shaded with ochraceous tawny; tarsi broadly banded with fuscous. Abdomen buff, lightly suffused with fuscous; anal tuft dull ocherous; seventh sternite with pronounced callosity.
Female genitalia (slide 10764): Ostium broad, with narrowly
100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
sclerotized edge. Ductus bursae wholly membranous; inception of ductus seminalis at posterior edge of bursa copulatrix. Type: Masafuera: La Correspondencia, 1200 m. (Feb. 16, 1955). Described from the unique female type. Although generically distinct, exuta bears a strong superficial resemblance to Leuroperna leioptera but the latter is much darker in coloration.
Leuroperna, new genus
Type-species: Leuroperna leioptera, new species, by monotypy and present designation.
Antenna slightly more than half the length of forewing, serrate, thickened in male; scape with pronounced scale-flap. Labial palpus curved, ascending, second segment about two-thirds the length of third, with conspicuous ventroanterior triangular brush; third segment slender, acute. Head roughened by erect scales on crown; face smooth but bordered laterally by elongate scales. Maxillary palpus well developed, slender, porrect. Hindtibia slender, smooth. Fore- wing with 12 veins, all separate; 2 distant from 3; 3 and 4 approximate; 6, 7, 8, and 9 about equidistant; 11 from before middle of cell. Hind- wing with 8 veins; 2 remote from 3; 3 and 4 connate; 5 nearer to 6 than to 4; 6 and 7 subparallel; hair pencil present at base of wing.
Male genitalia without uncus or gnathos. Ventrolateral hair pencil present.
Female genitalia without signum.
In general appearance Leuroperna is similar to Eudolichura, described herein, and to Plutella Schrank. Leuroperna differs from Eudolichura by the presence of a pronounced scale-flap on scape, porrect maxillary palpus, connate veins 3 and 4 and separate veins 5 and 6 of hindwing. From Plutella the genus Leuroperna can be distinguished by the presence of a well-developed accessory cell in forewing, connate veins 3 and 4 and separate veins 5 and 6 of hindwing.
Leuroperna leioptera, new species Fiaures 108-111
Alar expanse 20-22 mm.
Labial palpus ivory white; second segment shaded with grayish fuscous on outer side; third segment shaded with grayish fuscous anteriorly and on outer side. Antenna with scape fuscous, remainder becoming lighter to middle then, progressively, 3-4 segments blackish followed by 3 ivory white, 6 blackish, 2 ivory white, 3 blackish, ivory white and terminal 5 grayish fuscous. Head grayish to fuscous; crown ivory white to buff. Thorax buff with a blackish-fuscous, longitudinal stripe on each side; tegula fuscous mixed with a few
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 101
buff scales, the whole with a violaceous sheen. Ground color of forewing tawny olive infuscated with grayish toward costa and dorsum; extreme costa buff; a double row of small spots paralleling costa, blackish fuscous, these spots partly edged with white scales; at middle of costa a somewhat larger spot extends almost to cell;
Ficures 108-111.—Leuroperna leioptera, new species: 108, venation of wings; 109, lateral aspect of head showing palpus; 110, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; 110a, aedeagus; 111, ventral view of female genitalia.
from apex, around termen and along dorsum a series of blackish- fuscous spots diminishing in size from apex to basal fourth of dorsum; the apical and two terminal spots each with a cluster of white scales; base of forewing blackish fuscous, this color continued as an undulating
102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117
shade obliquely curved to near dorsum, thence to near center of cell, curved again toward dorsum and continued around to end of cell and outwardly along vein 6; this undulating shade is lightened somewhat outwardly by the ground color; the dark shade edged with white scales for part of its length; the dark tornal area separated from the dark median color by a curved, buff line, the latter with some scattered white scales; on fold, at about two-fifths, a double, blackish-fuscous spot, the parts separated by white scales; cilia grayish fuscous mixed with whitish and buff scales. Hindwing gray with brassy sheen; cilia grayish fuscous, except at apex, buff, with darker subbasal band. Legs buff; fore- and midlegs broadly banded with blackish fuscous; hindleg tibia gray outwardly; tarsi broadly banded with blackish fuscous. Abdomen grayish fuscous; dorsally, first three segments mostly buff and succeeding segments edged with buff dorsally; ventral longitudinal stripe and anal tuft dull ocherous.
Male genitalia (slide 10763): Harpe ample, triangular, broadened apically, simple. Vinculum broadened ventrally; saccus slender, about half as long as harpe. Socii large flaps heavily clothed with long hairlike setae. Aedeagus slender, slightly curved, pointed, unarmed.
Female genitalia (slide 10762): Ostium round, funnicular, sclero- tized, tapering into ductus bursae. Ductus bursae with an elongate sclerotized area adjacent to bursa copulatrix. Inception of ductus seminalis from posterior edge of bursa copulatrix.
Type: Masafuera: La Correspondencia, 1150 m. (Jan. 28, 1955).
Described from the type male and three female paratypes all with the same data.
All of the specimens have one or the other pair of wings damaged apically but are otherwise in good condition.
Family Glyphipterygidae Genus Brenthia Clemens
In this collection there is a single female specimen belonging to this family. The specimen is worn, possesses part of one labial palpus and is not in sufficiently good condition to warrant description. The specimen measures 9.5 mm. in alar expanse and probably belongs to the genus Brenthia.
The locality is: Masatierra: Cerro Alto, 600 m. (Feb. 1, 1952).
Family Psychidae PuaTE 1
Of this family there is a single representative which, at this time, cannot be assigned to genus or species.
PROG] US. NAT MUS. VOL, 17 CLARKE—PLATE 1
Bag of unknown species of Psychidae.
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 103
To the outside of the case, small pieces of twigs and the thick leaves of the food plant are attached. These fragments are distrib- uted unevenly over the surface in an attractive manner, the grayish- white pieces of leaves contrasting with the darker body of the bag.
The single specimen was collected on: Masatierra: Alto Pangal, 450 m. (Feb. 8, 1952).
Food plant: Pernettya rigida (Bert.) DC.
Family Tineidae
Genus Monopis Hiibner Monopis crocicapitella (Clemens)
Tinea crocicapitella Clemens, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1859, p. 258.
Distribution: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland, 3 oo (Feb. 17, 1951, Mar. 6, 1955, Mar. 10, 1955).
Another common, widely distributed insect which we can expect to find in almost any human habitation. Since it also attacks fur of dead animals, and other animal matter in the wild state, its dis- tribution is practically unlimited.
Genus Trichophaga Ragonot Trichophaga tapetzella (Linnaeus)
Phalaena Tinea tapetzella Linnaeus, 1758, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 536.
Distribution: Masafuera: Quebrada de las Vacas, 2 (Jan. 17, 1952). The single female recorded above is the only specimen I have seen from the islands.
Genus Lindera Blanchard Lindera tessellatella Blanchard
Lindera tessellatella Blanchard, 1852, in Gay, Historia fisica y politica de Chile, Zoologia, vol. 7, p. 106.
Type: Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Type locality: Las Cordilleras de Elqui, Chile.
Distribution: Masatierra: Bahfa Cumberland, 6’, 6 99 (February to March dates 1951, 1955); Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas, 2c'%, 2 (Jan. 23 to Feb. 19, 1955; female marked ‘“‘en habitacion’’).
Although the species was described from Chile it is now recorded from such widely separated places as California, Montana, Mexico, Fiji Islands, Australia, and New Zealand.
104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 117 Genus Tinea Linnaeus Tinea pallescentella Stainton
Tinea pallescentella Stainton, 1851, A supplementary catalogue of the British Tineidae and Pterophoridae, p. 2.
Tinea stimulatriz Meyrick, 1931, Anales del museo nacional de historia natural, Buenos Aires, vol. 36, p. 413 (new synonymy).
Tinea horosema Meyrick, 1931, Anales del museo nacional de historia natural, Buenos Aires, vol. 36, p. 413 (new synonymy).
Types: British Museum (Natural History).
Type localities: England (pallescentella); Argentina, Territory Rio Negro, Bariloche (stimulatriz) ; Argentina, Territory Rio Negro, Lake Nahuel Huapi (horosema).
Distribution: Masatierra: Villagra, o (Feb. 22, 1951): Santa Clara: El Corral, 2 92 (Jan. 6, 1952).
In view of the rather large proportion of microlepidoptera introduced into these islands, it is not surprising to find pallescentella among their number.
As indicated in the synonymy, the species has already been recorded from the South American continent under two different names: stimulatrix and horosema. No doubt the apparent variability of this species led Meyrick astray, but if he had considered the possibility of the specimens having been collected at some lodging, other than in the native state of the little-known Rio Negro area, he would have recognized this rather widely distributed species.
Mr. Bradley, of the British Museum, has kindly examined this material and has confirmed my identification of pallescentella. His remarks are as follows: “No. 10440, 10441, 10765 are Tinea palles- centella. It seems to me that 7. horosema Meyr. (9) and T. stimula- trix Meyr. (co) are no more than pallescentella. The superficial differences are no help as pallescentella varies. The genitalia dif- ferences are slight and I think due to individual variation. For example, the internal sclerotization in the aedeagus is small and could be expected to vary. The depth of the medial incision of the ostial plate does seem more variable than might be expected (assuming that it is variation in one species). It is impossible to be quite certain without looking at more specimens but I think I can safely say that your material belongs to pollescentella and that horosema and stimulatriz may prove to be no more than pallescentella.”
MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS—CLARKE 105
Family Oinophilidae Genus Oinophila Stephens Oinophila v-flava (Haworth)
Gracillaria v-flava Haworth, 1811, Lepidoptera Britannica, pt. 4, p. 530.
Distribution: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland, 4070, 4 92 (Feb. 17, 1951 to Mar. 13, 1955); La Mona, 400 m., 6, 9 (Feb. 16, 1951).
Usually the larva of this species is recorded in Europe as feeding on fungi in cellars and on molds on the corks of wine bottles. There is one specimen in this present collection marked “Grutas de las Patriotas” which suggests conformation with European habits of this insect but in Western United States the species has been re- corded from Baccharis.
Tinea pellioneila Linnaeus Phalaena Tinea pellionella Linnaeus, 1758, Systema naturae, ed. 10, 536.
Distribution: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland, @ (Feb. 3, 1952). Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas, @ (Jan. 16, 1952).
In recording this species I do so with some misgivings. Although we should expect to find pellionella in these islands, along with species with similar habits, these specimens are not exact matches for what we generally consider to be normal pellionella. On the other hand, the series at the U.S. National Museum and at the British Museum, show considerable variation for this variable species. Certainly the two examples before me do not approach in character any other known form and they do not warrant description as a distinct taxon,
Family Lyonetiidae Genus Bedellia Stainton Bedellia somnulentella (Zeller)
Lyonetia somnulentella Zeller, 1847, Isis von Oken, vol. 12, p. 894.
Distribution: Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland, 607%, 4 92 (Jan. 7 to Mar. 14, 1951-1955). Masafuera: Quebrada de las Vacas, 9 (Jan. 17, 1952).
This common and widespread pest of sweet potato and other allied plants is another of the species carried and distributed through commerce. Its presence in the Juan Fernandez Islands was to be expected.
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Proceedings of
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Volume 117 1965 Number 3509
NEOTROPICAL HEMEROBIIDAE IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
By Waro Naxkanara !
Introduction
In this paper I present the results of my studies on the Central and South American Hemerobiidae in the collection of the U.S. National Museum. The greater part of this material, consisting of some 200 specimens, has not hitherto been studied although several of the specimens have been previously determined by Banks, Parfin, Townes, or Gurney.
Of the 27 species contained in the collection, 19 are documented here, including 5 that are new and 1 representing a new genus. Hight other species could not be determined specifically because of in- sufficient material or for other reasons. These, together with the overwhelming majority of some 70 species previously described from the Neotropical region, but not recognized in the material examined, are not included. Many of the older species are described so inade- quately that their identification is practically impossible, and this situation is likely to prevail until someone locates the types and makes known the anatomy of the male genitalia.
I wish to thank Dr. Oliver S. Flint, Jr., of the U.S. National Museum, not only for his kindness in permitting me to examine the
11141 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan. 107
108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 117
material upon which this paper is based, but also for making important suggestions about the identity of some of the species. The material credited to J. F. G. Clarke was collected with the aid of a National Science Foundation grant.
Subfamily Natiobiellinae
Genus Notiobiella Banks
Notiobiella rubrostigma Navas
Notiobiella rubrostigma Navas, Broteria, Ser. Zool., vol. 12, p. 228, 1914.
One 9, Almirante, Panama, Nov. 24, 1952 (F. S. Blanton), in alcohol. One specimen, pinned, without abdomen, San Salvador, El Salvador, without date (P. A. Berry).
These specimens are compatible with the description of rubrostigma Navas as well as with that of callangana Kimmins (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11, vol. 6, p. 227, fig. 5, 1940), and I tentatively list them under the older name. It is impossible to tell whether or not this is the same as callangana Kimmins since the only difference given by Kimmins concerns the shape of the anal plate of the male.
Forewing nearly 6 mm. long; membrane tinged with brownish and with three perceptibly lighter zones across the wing. Costal cross- veins partially fuscous, those near base and humeral recurrent vein totally fuscous; basal subcostal crossvein, crossvein between Cu, and Cuz, and crossvein connecting first and second radial sectors near base of latter distinctly marked with dark brown; forks of longitudinal veins marked with light brown. Pterostigmatic region containing a carmine red spot contiguous to subcosta. Length of hindwing 4 mm.; pterostigmatic area elongated and totally carmine red; a single discal crossvein between Ry,; and My,., not between M (procubitus) and Cu, as given in Navas’ original description, probably erroneously.
Subfamily Hemerobiinae
Genus Sympherobius Banks Sympherobius barberi (Banks)
Hemerobius barbert Banks, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 3, p. 241, 1903.
Sympherobius barberti Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 32, p. 42, 1905.— Carpenter, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 74, p. 235, fig. 35, pl. 1, fig. 9, 1940.
One o, Sonora, Mexico (P. H. Arnaud); 1 9, Cuernavaca, Mexico (N. L. H. Krauss); 1 9, Tejupilco, Mexico, June 20, 1933 (H. E. Hinton and R. L. Usinger); 7 specimens, Mexico, with no further datum; 1 o, Monterey, Mexico (KE. A. Schwarz); 1 9 and another specimen without abdomen, Clarién Island, Mexico (H. H. Keifer);
NEOTROPICAL HEMEROBIIDAE—NAKAHARA 109
1 o, 2 9, and 2 other specimens without abdomen, Socorro Island Mexico, (H. H. Keifer); 2 specimens, Piura, Peru (R. A. Berry); 2 specimens, Lima, Peru; 4 specimens, Arequipa, Peru.
This is the most common species of the genus in southern United States and its occurrence in territories farther south is only to be expected. The records from the small islands of Socorro and Clarién may be noteworthy.
Sympherobius angustus (Banks)
Hemerobius angustus Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, p. 102, 1904. Sympherobius angustus Banks, ibid., vol. 32, p. 41, 1905.—Carpenter, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 74, p. 233, fig. 34, pl. 2, fig. 16, 1940.
Sympherobius tristis Navas, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. 9, p. 15, fig. 2, 1914.
One 9, Cuernavaca, Mexico, July 1906 (Wm. Schaus), bearing Banks’ label (““Sympherobius angustus Bks.”); 1 9, Real de Arriba, Temescaltepec, Mexico (H. E. Hinton and R. L. Usinger) ; 1 specimen without abdomen, 10 miles south of Jalapa, Mexico (G. E. Bohart).
I refer these specimens to angustus. Forewing 5mm. in length, very slender with very narrow costal space. Color as well as venational characters are compatible with this determination.
Sympherobius arizonicus Banks
Sympherobius arizonicus Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 37, p. 346, 1911.— Carpenter, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 74, p. 234, pl. 2, fig. 14, 1940. One 9, 18 miles southeast of Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico (R. Ryck- man, C. Christianson, and R. Lee). The very characteristic brown maculation of forewing strongly suggests that the specimen may be arizonicus, which has hitherto been known from the unique female type from Arizona.
Sympherobius maculipennis Kimmins Figure 1; Puate 1 (Fie. 1)
Sympherobius maculipennis Kimmins, Rev. Soc. Ent. Argentina, vol. 9, p. 189, text fig. 3, pl. fig. 1, 1929.
One o, Mendoza (Argentina?), Apr. 13-15, 1921, “feeding on coccus on C. aethiops”; 1 9, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, May 10, 1956 (C. Biezanko);3 @ and 1 2, Uruguay near Montevideo, May 24, 1946 (P. A. Berry); 1 9, Verrugas, Lima, Peru, May 19, 1928 (R. C. Shannon); 1 o, in alcohol, Pelotas, Brazil, February 1955 (C. Biezanko), determined by S. Parfin as “near Sympherobius maculi- pennis Kimmins.”’
Kimmins figured the lateral view of the abdominal apex of the male without giving any description. The structures shown in solid
110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 117
black in his figure are parts of anal plate and are very characteristic in this species.
Anal plate consisting of two pieces: the upper part, occupying usual position of the plate, narrowly but exceedingly highly sclerotized on the ventrodistal border and produced into a needle-like projection; lower part subquadrate in lateral view with a dorsal projection about equal in length to that of upper part. Lower part apparently cor- responding to “internal flap’? found in many species of this genus, however, occupying a position ventral to the main body of anal plate. Tenth sternite of the usual type. Paramere with a large spatulate head, which is ventrally bipartite and slightly upturned distally; the fused anterior part about twice as long as the spatulate head. Ninth sternite, forming a short subgenital plate, smaller than average for the genus, but not so small as represented in Kimmins’ figure.
d
Ficure 1.—Sympherobius maculipennis Kimmins (male genitalia): a, apex of abdomen’ lateral view; b, anal plate, lateral view; c, parameres, lateral view; d, parameres, dorsal view; ¢, 10th sternite, dorsal view.
The unique structure of the anal plate strongly suggests that this species should be separated generically from Sympherobius, and this idea is supported by venational characters, which show essential agreement with those of Sympheromima Kimmins (‘‘Kos,” Rev. Espan. Ent., vol. 4, p. 363, 1928). Thus, the first branch of the radial sector and media are forked more than once before the outer
NEOTROPICAL HEMEROBIIDAE—NAKAHARA etrh
gradates, and there are five and six crossveins, respectively, to the outer and inner gradate series. Cu, is more heavily branched than in the typical Sympherobius, and the first and second branches, with the sixth crossvein of the inner gradate series, form a closed cell, the like of which is not found in any species of true Sympherobius. In maculipennis the first radial sector is often split into two as in the case of the individual shown in plate 1 (fig. 1). Unfortunately Sympheromima marginata Kimmins, the sole species and the type of the genus, was described from a single specimen lacking an abdomen, and hence nothing is known of its genitalic characters. This cir- cumstance makes it difficult to place maculipennis under Symphe- romima with assurance, and I retain this species in Sympherobius for the present.
Genus Nomerobius Navas
Nomerobius psychodoides (Blanchard) Megalomus psychodoides Blanchard, in Gay, Hist. Chile, Zool., vol. 6, p. 127, 1861. Sympherobius modestus Banks, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 12, p. 158, 1910. Nomerobius psychodoides Navis, Mem. R. Acad. Cien. Art. Barcelona, vol. 12, p. 131, 1915.—Nakahara, Mushi, vol. 34, p. 22, figs. 31-34, pl. 8, fig. 16, 1960. One a’, Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina, November 1926 (R. and E. Shannon), bearing Banks’ label ‘‘Nomerobius modestus Bks.”’; 1, Valparaiso, Chile (Cockerell).
This species was fully described very recently (Nakahara, loc. cit.).
Nomerobius marmoratus (Navas), new combination
Sympherobius marmoratus Navas, Broteria, Ser. Zool., vol. 9, p. 70, 1910.— Kimmins, Rev. Soc. Ent. Argentina, vol. 9, p. 188, fig. 2, 1929.—Nakahara, Mushi, vol. 34, p. 20, pl. 7, fig. 14, 1960.
Two 9, Argentina (without further locality data), May 25, 1927.
This species should be placed under Nomerobius because of the long, interrupted series of outer gradate crossveins, the apical series consisting of three or four and the posterior series of two or three crossveins, with an interruption between the two series. The inner gradate series consists of four crossveins.
Genus Pseudomicromus Kriiger
Pseudomicromus subanticus (Walker)
Hemerobius subanticus Walker, List Neuroptera Brit. Mus., vol. 2, p. 282, 1853.
Micromus angustus Hagen, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 23, p. 287, 1886.
Micromus subanticus.—Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soce., vol. 32, p. 46, 1906.— Carpenter, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 74, p. 250, fig. 53, pl. 2, fig. 22, 1940.
LIT PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 117
Micromus nesoticus Navas, Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. 9, p. 16, fig. 38, 1914. Pseudomicromus subanticus.—Nakahara, Mushi, vol. 34, p. 32, figs. 62-64, 1960.
One °, Mexico at Brownsville, Tex., Gateway Bridge, Mar. 9, 1937, in alcohol. This specimen was determined by A. B. Gurney as “Micromus subanticus (Walker).”’
Pseudomicromus variolosus (Hagen)
Micromus variolosus Hagen, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 23, p. 284, 1886.— Carpenter, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 74, p. 251, fig. 54, pl. 2, fig. 21, 1940.
Pseudomicromus variolosus.—Nakahara, Mushi, vol. 34, p. 32, 1960.
One @, Mexico, May 12, 1943, on parsley, determined as ‘‘Micromus variolosus” by H. Townes.
Pseudomicromus fuscatus, new species PuatTE 1 (Fie. 2)
Holotype 9, Real de Arriba, Temescaltepec, Mexico, May 23, 1933 (H. E. Hinton and R. L. Usinger). Right wings mounted dry on a slide, USNM type 66866.
Length of body 6.5 mm.; length of forewing 8.5 mm.; width 2.5 mm.; length of hindwing 7 mm.
Head, thorax, and abdomen nearly uniformly very dark grayish brown, almost blackish; antennae nearly black; legs slightly paler.
Forewing very slender, produced into subacute apex; membrane unspotted, almost uniformly tinged with light brown, slightly more intensely toward apical and hindmarginal areas and in the narrow mediocubital cell; pterostigmatic area more brownish; venation wholly dark brown. Four or five branches to radius; M3,,4 and Cu, connected by a very short crossvein; five or six crossveins to inner and seven to outer gradate series, these crossveins being separate from each other by more than their length; radius, two gradates, and outer margin of the wing nearly parallel and about the same distance apart. Hindwing hyaline, slightly brownish toward apex, with brownish pterostigmatic area; veins, including gradate crossveins, all brownish; M3,4 not running into Cu.
The large size, narrow forewing with subacute apex, and almost uniformly brownish membrane form a combination of characters that readily distinguishes this species. I tentatively place it in the genus Pseudomicromus on the assumption that it may be related to subanticus and variolosus, but examination of male genitalia is required to confirm this generic designation.
NEOTROPICAL HEMEROBIIDAE—NAKAHARA 113
Genus Ameromicromus Nakahara
Ameromicromus posticus (Walker)
Hemerobius posticus Walker, List Neuroptera Brit. Mus., pt. 2, p. 283, 1853. Micromus insipidus Hagen, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 4, art. 1, p. 199, 1861. Micromus sobrinus Hagen, loc. cit. Micromus posticus.—Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 32, p. 45, 1905.—Carpenter, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 74, p. 248, fig. 51, 1940. Ameromicromus posticus.—Nakahara, Mushi, vol. 34, p. 33, figs. 68-70, 1960. One o and 1 9, Tamazunchale, San Luis Potosi, Mexico (G. E. Bohart); 1 o, 26 miles east of Ciudad del Maiz, San Luis Potosi, Mexico (H. B. Leech). I am not aware of any previous record from Mexico of this common Nearctic species.
Genus Nusalala Nav4s
Nusalala colombiensis (Banks)
Boriomyia colombiensis Banks, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 12, p. 157, 1910. Nusalala colombiensis——Kimmins, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, vol. 17, p. 576, 1936. One 2 (syntype), San Antonio, 2000 m., western Colombia (Fassl), determined by Sophy Parfin as Nusalala colombiensis (Banks). The forewing is distinctively marked but the specimen before me is discolored by adherent extraneous matter.
Nusalala kriigeri, new species Figure 2; Puate 1 (Fie. 3)
Holotype &, Cérdoba, Mexico, Jan. 1, 1941 (G. E. Bohart). Right wings (dry) and dissected parts of genitalia (in balsam) mounted on two slides, USNM type 66867.
Face fulvous, with a large black spot in middle of frons; brownish around antennal socket and continued to vertex; palpi and antennae fulvous. Thorax fulvous, variegated with fuscous above. Legs pale fulvous, front femur with a brownish band distally, front and middle tibia marked with brownish band proximally as well as distally, and hindtibia marked with brown only distally. Abdomen fulvous.
Forewing 10 mm. in length; membrane very slightly tinged with pale brownish, covered with numerous fine and short brownish striae. Venation mostly brownish; outer gradates fuscous black and narrowly margined with brown; middle gradates, first branch of radius beyond middle and first branch of Cu, also fuscous black and margined with brown; tiny round or oblong spots on these gradate crossveins; inner gradate crossveins wholly very pale. Costal area very narrow at base, but humeral crossvein recurrent with distinct branches; many
114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 117
costal crossveins connected with each other transversely by small veinlets at level of their forks. Radius with four branches, apical branch forking twice before outer gradate; media forking at about the level of origin of first branch of radius; M3,, coalescing with Cu, for a short distance; three series of gradate crossveins, 4 crossveins to inner, 5 to middle, and 10 to outer gradate series.
Figure 2.—Nusalala kriigeri, new species (male genitalia): a, apex of abodmen, lateral view; b, anal plate, lateral view; c, 10th sternite, lateral and slightly dorsal view; d, para- meres, lateral view.
Hindwing 8 mm. in length; membrane hyaline, narrowly tinged with fulvous in costal area, and narrowly grayish along outer and hindmar- gins; outer gradates almost black; inner gradates and adjacent portions of longitudinal veins fuscous; first branch of Cu, most conspicuously fuscous. Five branches to radial sector, six crossveins to inner, and nine to outer gradate series.
Male genitalia: Anal plate subtriangular in lateral view with ventrodistal angle produced into an acute spinous projection; pro- jection arising from apodeme along the lower margins of anal plate and ninth tergite and extending basally into eighth segment. Ninth sternite, forming subgenital plate below anal plate, with rounded distal margin. Tenth sternite with large, oblong lateral ‘‘wings,”’ each produced into a short roundish lobe at ventrodistal angle; mid- dorsal part of bridge between ‘wings’ raised into a prominence, and from below this dorsal prominence arises single long, tapering aedeagus with an acute apex; three pointed processes of about equal length on
a
PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 117 NAKAHARA--PLATE 1
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Ficures 1-3.—1, Sympherobius maculipennis Kimmins, forewing; 2, Pseudomicromus fusca- tus, new species, fore- and hindwings; 3, Nusalala kriigeri, new species, fore- and hindwings.
PROG. UlS> NAT. MUS: VOL. 117 NAKAHARA—PLATE 2
,
PIPVLID OVE ITE LLL Vy. VIDS TOL LE SAL SSA FA.
Ficures 4-7.—4, Forewings: Hemerobius tolimensis Banks; 5, Hemerobius chilensis, new species; 6, Hemerobius exceptatus, new species; 7, Spinomegalomus flinti, new genus and
new species.
NEOTROPICAL HEMEROBIIDAE—NAKAHARA 115
each side of aedeagus, all slightly shorter than aedeagus, parameres fused, bladelike for their basal two-thirds, apically forming a pair of oblong lobes; a pair of long, slender processes arises from about point of separation of parameres on dorsal side, directed proximally and then dorsally.
This new species can be recognized at once by the costal crossveins in forewing being very regularly crossed transversally by small veinlets. It represents, in all probability, Kriiger’s genus Palaeomicromus (Stettin Ent. Zeit., vol. 83, p. 170, 1922) based on “H (!) schmidte n. sp.”’ from South America, which has never been described. The genitalic characters, however, are absolutely those of the genus Nusalala.
Genus Hemerobius Linnaeus
Hemerobius blanchardi Nakahara
Megalomus pallidus Blanchard, in Gay, Hist. Chile, Zool., vol 6, p. 126, 1851. Schneiderobius pallidus.—Kriiger, Stettin Ent. Zeit., vol. 83, p. 171, 1922. Hemerobius pallidus —Navias, Mem. R. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., vol. 16, p. 319, 1929. [Preoccupied by Hemerobius pallidus Stephens (1836).]
Hemerobius blanchardi Nakahara, Mushi, vol 34, p. 48, fig. 102, pl. 12 (fig. 24), 1960.
There are over 70 specimens, some in alcohol, from various locali- ties in Peru, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, and Argentina as follows: 47 specimens, Cafiete, Peru, May and June 1941, ‘from cage with cotton buds,” and 6 specimens from the same locality, Mar. 2, 1943, ‘‘pre- daceous on corn Aphis” (EK. J. Hambleton); 1 specimen, Piura, Peru, September 1941 (P. A. Berry); 1 specimen, Pelotas, Brazil, November 1955 (C. Biezanko); 2 o&, Montevideo, Uruguay, Nov. 23, 1954 (C. Biezanko) ; 2 specimens, Concepcién, Chile, October 1927 (Jaffuel and Pirion) and Oct. 28, 1958 (Crampas); 4 specimens, Santiago, Chile, Dec. 2, 1940, ‘‘with mealy bugs” (G. O. Faure); 7 specimens, Puerto Varas, Llanquihue Prov., Chile, Mar. 5, 1959 (J. F. G. Clarke); 1 specimen, Salta, Argentina, May 12, 1927 (M. Kislink); 1 specimen, Catamarca, Argentina, June 2, 1927 (M. Kislink); 1 specimen, Correntoso, Rio Negro, Argentina, November 1926 (R. and E. Shannon).
This is by far the most common Neotropical hemerobiid and the most widely distributed. The genitalic characters were fully de- scribed by Nakahara (loc. cit.).
Hemerobius tolimensis Banks Ficures 3a-c; PLats 2 (Fie. 4)
Hemerobius tolimensis Banks, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 12, p. 158, 1910.
One of and 2 9, Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico (W. B. Kearfott) ; 1 o and Q, pine forest 7 miles south of Manzamitla, Mexico (H.
116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 117
B. Leach); 1 9, Mexico City (R. Muller); 1 9, 10 miles south of Jalapa, Mexico (G. E. Bohart); 1 9, Real de Arriba, Temescaltepec, Mexico (H. E. Hinton and R. L. Ussinger); 1 9, Irazi, Costa Rica, 2300-2500 m., May 21-28, 1930 (Reimoser); 3 9, one bearing Banks’ label “Hemerobius tolimensis,” Irazi, Costa Rica (Schild-Burgdolf collection); 1 9, Chic6é, Cundinamarca, Colombia, 2800 m., Jan. 24, 1959 (J. F. G. Clarke); 1 9, Barranquilla, Colombia, Mar. 20, 1952, labeled by Parfin as near Hemerobius tibialis Navas or H. tolimensis Banks (J. H. Hughes); 1 9, Valle Medellin, Colombia, September 1945 (F. Gallego); 19, Volean, Sta. Maria, Guatemala (Schaus and Barnes).
This species is close to Hemerobius pacificus Banks, from which it can be distinguished by the somewhat narrower forewing with an “almost acute” apex. The male genitalia are also very much like those of pacificus, differing conspicuously by the presence of a rather large spiny process slightly anterior to apex of the upper arm of the bifurcate anal plate. This process is directed inward and only slightly upward so that often it is not seen in a lateral view of the anal plate. The shape of the anal plate is otherwise like that in pacificus. The processes of the aedeagus are also of the same type. The dilated part of each paramere is produced into a long, curved projection.
Hemerobius chilensis, new species Figures 3d-f; Puatse 2 (Fia. 5)
Holotype o@ and allotopotype 2, in alcohol, 5 km. NW. of Punta Arenas, Chile, 200 m., Feb. 26, 1959 (J. F. G. Clarke); paratopotypes, 2 9, in alcohol, Mar. 3, 1959 (J. F. G. Clarke); paratypes, 1 9? in alcohol, Magallanes, Rio Tres Pasos, Chile, Dec. 11, 1961 (T. Cekalovic), 1 9, pinned, Magallanes, Rio Chabunco, Chile, Feb. 18, 1956 (T. Cekalovic), labeled ‘“Hemerobius sp. nr. pallidulus Kimmins”’ by S. Parfin, USNM type 66868.
Head fulvous yellow; cheek brownish; palpi fulvous yellow; antennae paler yellow. Pronotum with yellow median band, broadly brown on sides; meso- and metanotum more broadly yellowish in middle, variegated with dark brown onsides. Legs pale. Abdomen brownish.
Forewing 6.5 mm. in length, elongate oval, apex rounded; membrane hyaline with very distinct markings: two brown fasciae over gradates, one over outer gradates intersected by a broad brown zone occupying space between first and second branches of radial sector external to inner gradates and extending to wing margin. Some distinct macula- tions in apical and hindmarginal areas; a very dark spot over each of following: crossvein m-cu, first fork of M, first fork of Cu,, and over the cubital crossvein. Venation sparsely spotted with brown. Three branches to radius; basal crossvein between R and M at very origin
NEOTROPICAL HEMEROBIIDAE—NAKAHARA 17
of latter and exceedingly short; crossvein m-cu not very short; second cubital cell not closed; five crossveins to inner and seven to outer eradate series. Hindwing hyaline, unmarked except for a pale brownish shading at marginal cubitoanal area and in pterostigmatic region. First branch of radial sector arising directly from Ry, sepa- rate from the remaining two branches, giving the appearance of two radial sectors.
\.
Se) LY
if
a
Ficure 3.—Male genitalia: Hemerobius tolimensis Banks (a-c); Hemerobius chilensis, new species (d-f); Hemerobius exceptatus, new species (g-i). Anal plate, lateral view (a, d, g); processes of aedeagus, dorsal view (d, ¢, 4); parameres (c, f, 2).
Male genitalia: Anal plate narrow, especially so in its distal one- third; apex obtusely rounded and provided with an acute spiny process directed inward and upward. Tenth sternite of the usual form; processes of aedeagus long, slender, and very close together at their eae dened bases. Apical dilatations of parameres roundish in outline, with narrow, raised ridge along the external margin.
Hemerobius exceptatus, new species
Figures 39-7; PLATE 2 (Fic. 6)
Holotype o, Cundinamarca near Guasca, Colombia, 3500 m.,
Jan. 3, 1959 (J. F. G. Clarke); right wings (dry) and dissected parts of _ genitalia (in balsam) mounted on two slides, USNM type 66869.
Head fulvous yellow with fuscous brown gena; palpi brownish;
| basal joint of antennae yellowish (the rest of antennae missing).
118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 117
Pronotum fulvous yellow, narrowly reddish brown on sides; reddish- brown bands broader on mesonotum, and extending onto metanotum, leaving a narrow yellowish line in middle; legs testaceous yellow, distal end of hindtibia and femur slightly marked with brownish. Abdomen brownish.
Forewing 9.5 mm. in length, 4 mm. in width; membrane faintly tinged with gray; venation largely testaceous and dotted with brown; both inner and outer gradates fuscous black, slightly margined with erayish; a conspicuous fuscous black spot over crossvein m-cu, and a smaller one over first fork of Cu,; a series of six small black spots on radius at origin of M and of each branch of radial sector. Five branches to radial sector, the last forked three times proximal to outer gradates. First crossvein r-m vestigially short, just behind the basal subcostal crossvein; M forked slightly before origin of first branch of radial sector; Cu forked far out beyond the crossvein m-cu; 7 crossveins to inner and 10 to outer gradate series.
Hindwing 9 mm. in length; membrane hyaline; veins mostly pale, only four apical crossveins of outer gradate series, two discal cross- veins, and first branch of Cu, distinctly fuscous black.
Male genitalia: Anal plate elongate, narrowed toward obtusely rounded apex provided with a small spiny process arising from dorso- internal margin and directed dorsointernally. Tenth sternite rela- tively small with slightly expanded lateral ‘‘wing’’; processes of aedeagus very long, somewhat longer than parameres, directed pos- teriorly and then strongly downward, and situated rather close together; each aedeagal process very fine and almost uniformly slender for the wholelength. Parameresroundly dilated distally, each with a heavily sclerotized apical border.
This is an exceptional species on account of the great development of the radial sector: not only are there five, instead of the usual three, branches arising from radius, but the last branch is forked three times before the outer gradates. This indicates that the increased number of branches is real, not due to mere proximal displacement of the branches usually present.
Spinomegalomus, new genus
A peculiarity of this genus consists in the prolongation of the seventh abdominal tergite in the male into a long dorsal process. Genitalically, the anal plate is very long and narrow, contrasted to the subtriangular form in Megalomus. In finer morphology of the male genitalia, this genus differs from Megalomus by the epimeres being fused onto the dorsolateral margin of the wings of the tenth sternite, absence of phallobase, presence of hypomeres, and completely fused parameres of peculiar structure.
NEOTROPICAL HEMEROBIIDAE—NAKAHARA 119
Type species: Spinomegalomus flinti, new species.
This genus cannot be clearly separated from Megalomus in vena- tional characters. There are a few crossveins connecting the branches of the radial sectors in the forewing near their bases. These basal- radial crossveins may be of phylogenic significance.
Spinomegalomus flinti, new species Figure 4; PLATE 2 (Fic. 7)
Holotype &, Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile, ex Berberis buxifolia, Nov. 21, 1961 (T. Cekalovic) in alcohol. Right wings (dry) and dissected parts of genitalia (in balsam) mounted on two slides, USNM type 66870.
Ficure 4.—Spinomegalomus flinti, new genus and species (male genitalia): a, apex of abdomen, lateral view; 5, 10th sternite, dorsal view; ¢, inferior processes (hypomeres) of 10th sternite, ventral view; d, parameres, lateral view; ¢, apex of parameres, dorsal view. Face fuscous, almost black, paler on sides below the eyes; vertex
fuscous black in middle; palpi and antennaefuscous. Pro- and mesonotum
fuscous black with three irregular and broken longitudinal pale stripes, median one very narrow and two lateral ones broader; mesoscutellum pale; metanotum fuscous, paler in middle, with two black spots on metascutum. Legs pale, except tibia of foreleg, which is marked with fuscous in front along basal one-third and near distal end. Abdomen marmorated with fuscous brown dorsally; middorsal part of seventh
120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 117
tergite produced into a long process with obtuse end, directed dorsally, almost at right angles to the axis of the body.
Forewing 8.5 mm. in length; costal area very broad, most abruptly broadened at base; apex narrowly rounded. Membrane hyaline with partially confluent pale gray maculations and alternate blackish and whitish short streaks along margin; blackish streak over several apical crossveins of outer gradate series; lighter colored streaks over anterior half of inner gradate series; bases of radial branches marked with blackish spots; a black spot over outermost crossvein m-—cu; another black mark over first fork of Cu; and the crossvein just behind it. A narrow hyaline-white area from hindmargin inward at cubitoanal junction, bordered with a blackish streak on outer side. Venation pale, whitish, spotted and streaked with blackish at sites corresponding to the maculations of membrane. Six branches to radius, first branch forked twice before inner gradates; two subcostal crossveins before stigmatic area; three crossveins between radial branches near their bases; media dichotomously forked twice before inner gradates; Cu, with five branches before outer eradates; Cuz forked near base. Basal gradate series of 5 crossveins, inner gradate series of 12 crossveins between radius and cubitus; outer gradates of 16 crossveins reaching Cu,; a series of 6 crossveins from Cu, to hind- margin of the wing.
Hindwing membrane hyaline, tinged with gray in area behind cubital fork and about apex of wing; a few dark dots on apical margin; several apical crossveins of outer gradate series marked with gray. Venation mostly pale but darkened in areas where membrane is erayish; pterostigmatic area dark. Five branches to radius; discal (inner) gradates of three crossveins; outer gradates of nine crossveins.
Male genitalia: Anal plate very narrow, with no spinous pro] ection, produced into an oblong apical, posteriorly bent lobe. Ninth sternite short, posterior margin not reaching apex of anal plate. Tenth sternite produced into large dorsolateral wings, with very short bridge of gonarcus arch between (which imposes on the “wings” far more dorsal positions than usual for the family) ; epimeres fused into dorsal border of ‘“‘wings’’; aedeagus paired, each lobe very slender, fused at base without showing recognizable phallobase; a pair of long and slender processes below aedeagus, superposed by processes of the latter. (These hypoaedeagal processes may be termed hypomeres.) Parameres fused, presenting a long subquadrate shape in dorsal view, produced sharply at corners and with distal prolongation ending in an apically bipartite head with lateral lobes. In lateral view, the lateroanterior angle appears as an obtuse ventral prolongation, and the distal “head” presents the shape of a large pointed process which is recurved over the narrow neck.
NEOTROPICAL HEMEROBIIDAE—NAKAHARA 121
The morphology of male genitalia in this species is totally unlike that of Megalomus; the narrow anal plate, epimeres fused with dorso- lateral border of “‘wings”’ of 10th sternite, the absence of differentiated phallobase, the presence of ‘“‘hypomeres,” and completely fused parameres of extraordinary structure, all point to the fundamental dissimilarity of Spinomegalomus and Megalomus.
Genus Megalomus Rambur Megalomus minor Banks Ficure 5
Megalomus minor Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 32, p. 43, 1905.—Carpenter, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 74, p. 242, fig. 44, 1940.
One Qo’, Ft. Gulick, Canal Zone, Panama, Aug. 21, 1952, and 2 9, Cabeja, Panama, Sept. 16, 1952 (F. S. Blanton), in alcohol. In addition, there are 15 pinned specimens (mostly females but the sexes of some cannot be determined because of the lack of abdomens) from the following localities: 10 miles north of Tamazunchale, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Dec. 24, 1940 (G. E. Bohart); 10 miles south of Jalapa, Mexico, Dec. 28, 1940 (G. E. Bohart); Cuernavaca, Mexico, April 1945 (N. L. H. Krauss); Quinta Chilla, Tamazunchale, Mexico,
a b
Ficure 5.—Megalomus minor Banks (male genitalia): a, anal plate, lateral view; 5, 10th ster-
nite, dorsal view with left ‘‘wing” omitted; c, parameres, dorsal view.
Dec. 20, 1948 (E. S. Ross); Fortin, Veracruz, Mexico, Aug. 12, 1954 (Insp. Lewis, at Laredo, Tex., on orchids); Lion Hill, Canal Zone, Panama, June 18, 1907 (August Busck), bearing Banks’ label ‘‘Mega- lomus minor Banks”; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama, June 20, 1907 (August Busck) ; La Campana, Panama, Sept. 12, 1952 (F.S. Blanton) ; Chiriqui, Panama, Dec. 16, 1952 (F. S. Blanton); Honduras, October 1935; Guatemala, December 1934; San Salvador, El Salvador (P. A. Perry), bearing Parfin’s label ‘“Megalomus nr. minor’; Colombia,
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May 1935; Valle Medellin, Colombia, September 1945 (M. Gallego). There is also a single female from Pérto Bello, Brazil, collected by Busck, which is difficult to separate from this species.
Forewing 4.5-5 mm. in length, well rounded apically, with five branches to radius; inner gradates, usually consisting of seven cross- veins, very straight, narrowly margined with brown with a narrow hyaline zone external to it. This hyaline zone is not mentioned by Carpenter, but otherwise his description of the type of MZ. minor agrees.
The genitalia of the male in the above lot were dissected and found to be structurally compatible with the description and figures given by Carpenter. Anal plate subtriangular in lateral view; 10th sternite with broad lateral “wings”; aedeagus in the form of a pair of long, slender processes, arising from subquadrate phallobase; para- meres fused anteriorly into a somewhat subtriangular basal piece, and separated posteriorly into two large arms, each ending in a short, pointed process. <A pair of the characteristic toothlike projections present between base and arms of parameres.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE:1965
Proceedings of
the United States
National Museum
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - WASHINGTON, D.C.
Volume 117 1965 Number 3510
HERMATOBATES, A NEW GENERIC RECORD FOR THE ATLANTIC OCEAN, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES (HEMIPTERA: GERRIDAE)
By Jon L. Herrine !
The genus Hermatobates is certainly the rarest and least known genus of marine Hemiptera. It was founded by Carpenter in 1892 for the reception of a new species, H. haddoni, based on a single specimen from Mabuiag Island in the Torres Straits, northern Australia. Since that time, five other species have been described. The de- scriptions of the six species were based on a total of nine specimens and several of the species are still known only from the type material. Females for the most part are either unknown or unassociated with the males. In 214 years of entomological work in the South Pacific, I was able to collect only three specimens; so it is not surprising that very few museums have representatives of this remarkable genus.
The genus has a widespread distribution. One species, haddon, the best known of the group, occurs from New Caledonia in the East to Australia, the Philippines, and the Ryukyus in the West. Two species, weddi China and walkeri China, are known from the Aus- tralian region: Monte Bello Island and the Arafura Sea, respectively. H. marchei (Coutiere and Martin) is known from the Philippines only,
1 Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Depart- ment of Agriculture.
758—-7T05—65 123
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dyiboutensis Coutiere and Martin occurs in the Red Sea (Gulf of Aden), and hawaiiensis China is known from Oahu, Hawaii. The new species described below from Dominica Island, British West Indies, represents the first record of this genus from the Atlantic Ocean. A second new species from Central Polynesia (Tuamoto Archipelago) is also described.
Esaki (1947) has given an interesting account of the habits of H. haddom. It inhabits coral reefs and at low tide skates about on the surface of tidal pools and in the small pools of water contained in dead Tridacna mollusk shells, where it apparently feeds on Collem- bola, marine midges, and perhaps on water striders of the genus Halovelia. As the tide comes in, Hermatobates conceal themselves in the crevices of the coral, underneath blocks of loose coral, or in dead Tridacna shells so that at high tide these water striders may be submerged under 10 feet or more of water.
In addition to the type material described below, I am depositing my collection of Hermatobates (15 specimens, mostly females and nymphs) in the U.S. National Museum.
I take great pleasure in naming the following new species for Mr. Bruce Bredin, who sponsored the Smithsonian-Bredin Expeditions to the West Indies in 1956 and 1958.
Hermatobates bredini, new species
FIGURE 1
A small brown species with antennal segments in proportion 12:13:8:11. Anterior trochanter, femur, and tibia without teeth or spurs. Posterior margin of metasternum straight without median prominences, armed only with minute teeth.
Holotype male. Head viewed from above transverse, width across eye level four times greatest length; triangular; antenniferous tubercles not prominent nor visible from above; eyes small, with short erect bristles, ocular width about one-quarter that of vertex between eyes (4:17), this distance twice as great as length of head seen from above (17:7); covered with pale pubescence and longer tufts on apex and sides; frontal suture running close to base of head, sinuate, extending forward laterally, area between it and eyes flattened; clypeus promi- nent between antenniferous tubercles. Antenna densely covered with fine pubescence, relative lengths of segments 12:13:8:11. Ros- trum extending a little beyond the bases of the anterior trochanters, relative lengths of segments 6:2:5:4.
Pronotum very short, little more than half the width of an eye, widening behind eyes, pubescence dense and fine. Fused meso- and metanotum and abdominal segments dull with short pubescence on
HERMATOBATES, NEW GENERIC RECORD—HERRING 125
dise becoming longer laterally and posteriorly. Suture between meso- and metasternum distinct; posterior margin of metasternum gently rounded with very fine, indistinct black teeth at middle.
Ficure 1.—Hermatobates bredini, new species: ventral view.
Anterior trochanter unarmed; anterior femur (fig. 2) only mod- erately incrassate, without teeth or tubercles of any kind, anterior tibia unarmed but with the usual oblique combs of spines at apex. Middle and hindfemur feebly incrassate, middle femur with row of approximately 20 black spines and a few long bristles; middle and hindtrochanter unarmed; hindfemur unarmed. Measurements (27.5
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units=1 mm.): anterior femur 21, anterior tibia 25, anterior tarsus 1:2:4; middle femur 32, middle tibia 20, middle tarsus 2:13:10; hindfemur 32, hindtibia 21, hindtarsus 2:11:10.
Styliform processes of 8th abdominal segment prominent, their apices spoon shaped and covered with long hairs; genital capsule hemispherical, prominent.
Figures 2,3.—Anterior femur: 2, Hermatobates bredini, new species; 3, Hermatobates tiarae, New species.
Total length, holotype male, 2.5 mm.; greatest width 1.2 mm.
Female unknown.
Type locality: Woodbridge Bay, Dominica, British West Indies, collected at light. Holotype (USNM 66875) collected by W. L. Schmitt, Mar. 25, 1956.
Diagnosis: This species resembles H. hawaiiensis China in that the forefemur and tibia are unarmed, but it differs in lacking a tooth on the anterior trochanter, in having the prosternum with rounded margin rather than a pair of prominences, and in having distinctive spoon-shaped styliform processes. H. bredina differs from all other species of the genus by the unarmed forefemur and tibia.